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Levinas Existence and Existents 1 (Varoluştan Varolana) adlı eserinin önsözünde kötülüğü bir eksiklik olarak düşünen Heidegger'e karşı, kötülüğü pozitif olarak, yani varlık alanı içinde düşünmeye çalışacağını belirtir. 2 Varoluş doğası itibariyle kötücül bir yapıya sahiptir Levinas'a göre. Howard Caygill'e göre varoluşun trajik ve/veya kötücül bir doğası olduğu fikri ve bu bağlamda ön plana çıkan \"il y a\" (var) kavramı Levinas'ın İkinci Dünya Savaşı sırasında Avrupalı bir Yahudi olarak Nazi çalışma kampındaki deneyimine dayanır. 3 Varoluşu trajik yapısı üzerinden ele almak, bedenli olmayı, varoluşun bedenli yapısını dikkate alan bir düşünce şeklidir. Varoluşu temeli itibariyle sorunlu ve çaba gerektiren bir olma hali olarak yorumlayan Levinas, Batı felsefe geleneğine bedenselliği dikkate alma çağrısı yapar. Varolmanın koşullarından birinin beden olduğu fikri Batı felsefe geleneği tarafından antik Yunan düşüncesinden bu yana zikredilse de, beden kavramına yönelik genel tavır, bedenin, akıl tarafından denetlenmesi gereken, edilgen bir varlık olduğu yönündedir. Düşüncenin ve eylemin doğasını bedensellik üzerinden tarif etmek Batı felsefesinin","publication_date":"2011,,","publication_name":"cogito 67. sayı","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"103055404"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"tr","title":"Levinas'da Kötülük ve Adalet","broadcastable":true,"draft":false,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [79306507]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":103055404,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Levinas'da Kötülük ve Adalet”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/103055404/mini_magick20230605-1-ww18v8.png?1685997818" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Levinas'da Kötülük ve Adalet</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="79306507" href="https://asu.academia.edu/ImgeOranli"><img alt="Profile image of Imge Oranli" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/79306507/19999004/19783639/s65_imge.oranli.jpg" />Imge Oranli</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2011, cogito 67. sayı</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">15 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 102910113; const worksViewsPath = "/v0/works/views?subdomain_param=api&work_ids%5B%5D=102910113"; const getWorkViews = async (workId) => { const response = await fetch(worksViewsPath); if (!response.ok) { throw new Error('Failed to load work views'); } const data = await response.json(); return data.views[workId]; }; // Get the view count for the work - we send this immediately rather than waiting for // the DOM to load, so it can be available as soon as possible (but without holding up // the backend or other resource requests, because it's a bit expensive and not critical). const viewCount = await getWorkViews(workId); const updateViewCount = (viewCount) => { try { const viewCountNumber = parseInt(viewCount, 10); if (viewCountNumber === 0) { // Remove the whole views element if there are zero views. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); return; } const commaizedViewCount = viewCountNumber.toLocaleString(); const viewCountBody = document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count'); if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">Bu makalede Levinas'ın kötülük ve adalet anlayışı üzerinden Türkiye'de Kürt siyasal mücadelesi bağlamında gündeme gelen sivil itaatsizlik eylemlerini değerlendirmeye çalışacağım. Levinas Existence and Existents 1 (Varoluştan Varolana) adlı eserinin önsözünde kötülüğü bir eksiklik olarak düşünen Heidegger'e karşı, kötülüğü pozitif olarak, yani varlık alanı içinde düşünmeye çalışacağını belirtir. 2 Varoluş doğası itibariyle kötücül bir yapıya sahiptir Levinas'a göre. Howard Caygill'e göre varoluşun trajik ve/veya kötücül bir doğası olduğu fikri ve bu bağlamda ön plana çıkan "il y a" (var) kavramı Levinas'ın İkinci Dünya Savaşı sırasında Avrupalı bir Yahudi olarak Nazi çalışma kampındaki deneyimine dayanır. 3 Varoluşu trajik yapısı üzerinden ele almak, bedenli olmayı, varoluşun bedenli yapısını dikkate alan bir düşünce şeklidir. Varoluşu temeli itibariyle sorunlu ve çaba gerektiren bir olma hali olarak yorumlayan Levinas, Batı felsefe geleneğine bedenselliği dikkate alma çağrısı yapar. Varolmanın koşullarından birinin beden olduğu fikri Batı felsefe geleneği tarafından antik Yunan düşüncesinden bu yana zikredilse de, beden kavramına yönelik genel tavır, bedenin, akıl tarafından denetlenmesi gereken, edilgen bir varlık olduğu yönündedir. Düşüncenin ve eylemin doğasını bedensellik üzerinden tarif etmek Batı felsefesinin</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":103055404,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/102910113/Levinasda_K%C3%B6t%C3%BCl%C3%BCk_ve_Adalet"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":103055404,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/102910113/Levinasda_K%C3%B6t%C3%BCl%C3%BCk_ve_Adalet"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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Uluslararası Felsefe Kongresi Kitabı, Bursa, 2010.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Levinas'ta Etik ve Siyaset: Kardeşlik, Tutsaklık, Eşitsizlik","attachmentId":55534765,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/35664115/Levinasta_Etik_ve_Siyaset_Karde%C5%9Flik_Tutsakl%C4%B1k_E%C5%9Fitsizlik","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/35664115/Levinasta_Etik_ve_Siyaset_Karde%C5%9Flik_Tutsakl%C4%B1k_E%C5%9Fitsizlik"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="122618147" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/122618147/Emmanuel_Levinas_Felsefesinde_Etik_Sorumluluk">Emmanuel Levinas Felsefesinde Etik Sorumluluk</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="55136447" href="https://independent.academia.edu/NurayA7">Nuray Azizoglu</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Emmanuel Levinas is a French philosopher of Jewish origin born in Lithuania. He dealt with all aspects of man and revealed in what conditions man could be good man. He believed that man being good could be possible by meaningful relationships between themselves. Levinas: Man has the need to know his existence in the world and to know why he exists. He also needs a good and healthy relationship with other manin order to continue his life. Levinas stated thatit was the ethical relationship which created the good relationship. He founded his own philosophy in the context of responsibility. From this point of view, our work claims that the only way to achieve matureness in reaching good is the ethical relationship established with the others. It also claims thatin Levinas's mind, the ethical relationship was nothing else but responsibility. There are two basic claims in our work. The first claim is that Ethic is not based on "I" and autonomy, and it is not based on Ontology as it is argued in the whole Western philosophical tradition. However, according to Levinas, it was established with metaphysics which is in the essentials of philosophy as Others and Heteronomy. Our second claim is that Levinas, in his own thought about disparity,compelledman to the ethical relationship by dethroning "I" in its relationship with the Others. At the same time, our second claimreveals that ethical relationship emerges from the Other's face appearing is nothing else but ethical responsibility.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Emmanuel Levinas Felsefesinde Etik Sorumluluk","attachmentId":117250008,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/122618147/Emmanuel_Levinas_Felsefesinde_Etik_Sorumluluk","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/122618147/Emmanuel_Levinas_Felsefesinde_Etik_Sorumluluk"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="31255582" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31255582/Levinasta_A%C5%9Fk%C4%B1nl%C4%B1k_D%C3%BC%C5%9F%C3%BCncesine_Giri%C5%9F">Levinas'ta Aşkınlık Düşüncesine Giriş</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="21649796" href="https://ahbv.academia.edu/Seng%C3%BCnAcar">Sengün M . Acar</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Bu çalışma, Levinas'ın etiği ilk felsefe olarak konumlandırmasıyla sonuçlanan düşünsel serüveninin nasıl başladığını ve hangi aşamalardan geçerek geliştiğini ana hatlarıyla ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Haklı bir adlandırmayla " etiğin filozofu " olarak tanınan Levinas'ın sorumluluk çerçevesinde somutlaştırdığı düşüncelerinin arka planında, bu adlandırmayı ortaya çıkaran ve Heidegger ontolojisine yönelik eleştirilerine temel oluşturan aşkınlık anlayışı yer almaktadır. Aşkınlık düşüncesinin doğrudan ilgili olduğu varlık incelemesinden hareket eden ilk bölüm, Levinas'ın varoluşu varolanla ilgisinde nasıl ele aldığını ortaya koymaya çalışmaktadır. Bir varolan olarak Ben'in varoluşundan kurtulma doğrultusunda Başkası aracılığıyla tanıştığı başkalığı ve Ben-Başkası ilişkisinin prototipini ele alan ikinci bölüm, aşkınlığın olanağını sağladığı ileri sürülen ilk yanıt üzerine yoğunlaşmaktadır. Çalışmanın son bölümü ise, Levinas'ın aşkınlık düşüncesini yüz yüze bir sorumluluk ilişkisinde somutlaştırmasını ve aşkınlığı sağlayabilecek tek gerçek olanak olarak ortaya konan etik ilişkinin Levinasçı dayanaklarını ele almaktadır. Abstract-This study aims to reveal an outline of Levinas’ intellectual process within the main theme of transcendence. Although he is known as the “philosopher of ethics”, this appellation requires a meticulous attention and needs to be examined with its origin. The idea of transcendence, being the focus of Levinas’ quest, stems from the criticism of ontology, specifically Heidegger’s fundamental ontology. Considering this fact, the study starts with Levinas’ account of Being, in comparison to ontology and its criticism. Levinas begins his analysis of Being by mentioning that Being has a dual aspect. Sharing Heidegger’s thought on ontological difference, Levinas underlines the difference between beings and Being and names them “existents and existence”. According to Levinas, the I – the existent – is enchained to its existence and this enchainment is experienced as a weight that makes the I feel suffocated. Because of this burden or the anonymity of existence (il y a), the I’s initial feeling is to escape from it. Although gaining a position in il y a by the birth of consciousness – the hypostasis – means a rupture in Being, it still does not mean a real exit or an excendence for Levinas. After the announcement of hypostasis, Levinas states that the I, which is at stake at that point, is far from being a real subject. Focusing on its ontological experiences, Levinas is of the opinion that the I’s engagement with its environment depends on its consciousness. For him, at that stage the I approaches everything on the basis of knowing and understanding. So, despite one can point to an I, this I is a being which still drowns in its existence. The second part of this study proceeds with the possibility of transcendence, which comes up in Time and the Other. For Levinas, the only way to an exit is possible with the entrance of an exteriority, namely the otherness. By encountering the otherness, the I comes to the limit of itself and catches the key for a transcendence. The relationship with the Other constitutes the central point of transcendence. Analysing this face-to-face relationship, Levinas first sees this relationship as an erotic one. First of all, this erotic relationship reveals the fact that the Other is not an alter ego. In love, the otherness of the Other cannot be reduced to the I, and thanks to this encounter, the I gets the chance to get rid of itself. As Levinas shows, this analysis provides a basis to understand why face-to-face encounter surpasses the reason and how it can maintain the asymmetry of the relationship. Levinas’ first detailed inquiry on transcendence ends with a concrete answer: Transcendence is possible through fecundity. Altough Levinas changes his mind about love in Totality and Infinity, he sustains his answer for the idea of transcendence. But one should note that his main concern in that book is the formal structure of transcendence rather than its content. So it can be said that the general frame is determined by the explanation of face-to face relationship compatible with his criticism of ontology. The third and the last part of this study handles the concretization of transcendence, which Levinas unfolds in Otherwise than Being or Beyond Essence. To him, becoming a real subject or achieving transcendence is possible only by undertaking the responsibility of the Other via saying that comes from the face of the Other. Starting from Totality and Infinity, with the phenomenology of the face, Levinas announces the idea of infinity. Stating that the face cannot be reduced to a plastic image, he claims that “the face is the locus of the word of God”. So, the relationship with the Other makes the I an ethical subject, and through this asymmetrical responsibility the I can achieve a real transcendence. To sum up, this study tries to demonstrate Levinas’ idea of transcendence in its chronological appearance consistent with the transformation of his thoughts. Like the face being God’s locus, transcendence is the place where one can track Levinas’ philosophy. His criticism of ontology and the questioning of “Being qua Being” leads him to ethics, which gives him the reputation of “the philosopher of ethics”. Here, contrary to the Western philosophy, the subject’s uniqueness gains a totally different meaning and the subject becomes “the one” only by being for the Other. In Levinas’ philosophy, the responsibility which sets the I free from its existence is like the ticket to freedom. But this responsibility is an everlasting assignment and the I has to cherish the Other as if anything that might happen to him/her would be the I’s fault. As a final remark it should be underlined that, far from providing a defence for Levinas’ philosophy, this study primarily aims to indicate the origin for any kind of justification.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Levinas'ta Aşkınlık Düşüncesine Giriş","attachmentId":51660292,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/31255582/Levinasta_A%C5%9Fk%C4%B1nl%C4%B1k_D%C3%BC%C5%9F%C3%BCncesine_Giri%C5%9F","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/31255582/Levinasta_A%C5%9Fk%C4%B1nl%C4%B1k_D%C3%BC%C5%9F%C3%BCncesine_Giri%C5%9F"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="114386247" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/114386247/Levi_nas_Ta_Eti_k_Sonsuzluk_%C5%9Ei_ddet_Ve_Derri_da">Levi̇nas’Ta Eti̇k Sonsuzluk Şi̇ddet Ve Derri̇da</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5906800" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Sezal%C3%87%C4%B1nar%C3%96zkan">Sezal Çınar Özkan</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">FLSF Felsefe ve Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2019</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Based on Husserl's phenomenology and Heidegger's ontology, Levinas ethics is being shaped on the ground of Levinas-specific conceptualizations, such as: Il ya, the subject and the other, the face of the other, responsibility instead of violence, asymmetrical restions. As for Derrida, in the article Violence and Metaphsics, explored the possibilities of Levinas' philosophy. In our opinion, the Levinisian ethical understanding based on the responsibility arising from the existence of 'other' as an alternative to modern ethics, which points out that the 'smart subject' complies with the universal laws except for the original primary setup , will not inflict violence on the other on the order established after compulsory firs violence, and thus provide a useful road to transform legitimacy of the violence to infinity and transcendence as a telos.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Levi̇nas’Ta Eti̇k Sonsuzluk Şi̇ddet Ve Derri̇da","attachmentId":111098463,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/114386247/Levi_nas_Ta_Eti_k_Sonsuzluk_%C5%9Ei_ddet_Ve_Derri_da","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/114386247/Levi_nas_Ta_Eti_k_Sonsuzluk_%C5%9Ei_ddet_Ve_Derri_da"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="33182725" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33182725/%C3%87eviri_Jean_Michel_Salanskis_Levinasa_Y%C3%B6neltilen_%C4%B0tirazlar">Çeviri: Jean-Michel Salanskis, Levinas'a Yöneltilen İtirazlar</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="14172178" href="https://unistra.academia.edu/MuratEr%C5%9Fen">Murat Erşen</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Çeviren: Murat Erşen MonoKL - Levinas Özel Sayısı içinde</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Çeviri: Jean-Michel Salanskis, Levinas'a Yöneltilen İtirazlar","attachmentId":53266138,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/33182725/%C3%87eviri_Jean_Michel_Salanskis_Levinasa_Y%C3%B6neltilen_%C4%B0tirazlar","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/33182725/%C3%87eviri_Jean_Michel_Salanskis_Levinasa_Y%C3%B6neltilen_%C4%B0tirazlar"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="34964950" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34964950/_Levinas_Eti%C4%9Finde_Sorumluluk_ve_Y%C3%BCz%C3%BCn_G%C3%B6r%C3%BCn%C3%BCm%C3%BC_">"Levinas Etiğinde Sorumluluk ve Yüzün Görünümü"</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5629817" href="https://ahbv.academia.edu/CevriyeDemirG%C3%BCne%C5%9F">Cevriye Demir Güneş</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Ekev Akademi Dergisi, 2009</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"\"Levinas Etiğinde Sorumluluk ve Yüzün Görünümü\"","attachmentId":54827806,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/34964950/_Levinas_Eti%C4%9Finde_Sorumluluk_ve_Y%C3%BCz%C3%BCn_G%C3%B6r%C3%BCn%C3%BCm%C3%BC_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/34964950/_Levinas_Eti%C4%9Finde_Sorumluluk_ve_Y%C3%BCz%C3%BCn_G%C3%B6r%C3%BCn%C3%BCm%C3%BC_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="85479061" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/85479061/Emmanuel_Levinas_ve_Zaman">Emmanuel Levinas ve Zaman</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="79322600" href="https://mimarsinan.academia.edu/sercan%C3%A7alc%C4%B1">sercan çalcı</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Mediterranean Journal of Humanities, 2014</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Bu metin, Emmanuel Levinas felsefesinin Aynı'nın Başka'ya çevrilişi olarak tarif ettiği zaman anlayışının, zaman kavramını düşünme yollarımıza getirdiği yeniliklere odaklanıyor. Levinas'ın çizgisel zaman anlayışlarına getirdiği eleştiriler, çizdiği olumlayıcı hatta öngörülemeyen, ölçülemeyen bir deneyim yoğunluğuyla birleşir. Heidegger'le girdiği ölüme-doğru-varlık tartışması bireyleşmenin kaynağı sorununu yeniden formüle etmek açısından önemli bir ipucu sunar. Fenomenoloji'ye yönelik eleştiri, ilk felsefe olarak ontoloji eleştirisiyle doğrudan bağlantılıdır ve bu bakımdan klasik deneyim kavramını aşındırmaya çalışır. Levinas'ın stratejisi tek bir hakikat üzerine kurulu metafizikleri meşrulaştıran varlık felsefelerinin ötesine geçerek, zamanı sonsuza açan bir düşünüşteki anlam alanlarına yoğunlaşır. Ölüm ve zaman arasında kurulan denklemi tersine çevirme girişimi, Levinas felsefesinin sürekli gündemde tutmak istediği sonsuzluk temasının gelişimini sağlar. Derrida'nın, Levinas'ın mezarı başında başka türlü işitmeyi denediği Adieu ifadesi ise ana akım felsefede dışarı kovulan 'sonsuzluğun' Levinas felsefesinin çizgisel ve döngüsel olmayan zaman anlayışında keşfedilmesini olanaklı kılar. Bu eksenlerdeki tartışmayı biri ontolojinin mümkünlüğüyle diğeri de etiğin sınırlarıyla ilgili iki soruyla karşılamak, Levinas'ın Ölüm ve Zaman adlı eserine yakın okuma yapmayı deneyen bu metnin gündemindedir.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Emmanuel Levinas ve Zaman","attachmentId":90165639,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/85479061/Emmanuel_Levinas_ve_Zaman","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/85479061/Emmanuel_Levinas_ve_Zaman"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="36120547" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36120547/Emmanuel_Levinas_Felsefesinde_Ba%C5%9Fkal%C4%B1k_ve_Ayn%C4%B1l%C4%B1k_Problemi">Emmanuel Levinas Felsefesinde “Başkalık ve Aynılık” Problemi</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="28136557" href="https://aksaray.academia.edu/mutefekkir">Mütefekkir Dergisi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Mütefekkir, 2015</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Bu makalede öncelikle Levinas felsefesinde önemli bir kavram olan Ben kavramından hareket edilerek başkalık ve aynılık problemi açıklanmaya çalışıldı. Çünkü Levinas felsefesinde Batı felsefesinden farklı olarak varlığın temelini ontoloji değil, etik ilişki oluşturmaktadır. Bu etik ilişki Ben ve başkalık arasındaki ilişkiyi de temellendireceğinden, ontoloji üzerinden hareket edildiğinde Ben ve Başka aynılaştırılmış olur. Bundan dolayı gelenekten kopuş ancak dil düzleminde gerçekleşebilir ve Levinas felsefesinin en temel noktasını da Başkası’yla kurulacak olan etiksel dil düzlemi oluşturmaktadır. Devamında, etik de beraberinde sorumluluk kavramını getireceğinden dolayı sorumluluk kavramından hareket edildi. Ben ve Başkası arasındaki sorumluluk ilişkisi koşulsuz, sınırsız ve tek yönlü olduğundan bu ilişkinin kaynağını bulmak ise mümkün değildir, çünkü bu ilişki Sonsuz’u kendi içerisinde barındırır. Ben’in kendisiyle olan özdeşliğini kıran art zamanlılık sorumluluğun sonsuzlaşması anlamına gelmektedir.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Emmanuel Levinas Felsefesinde “Başkalık ve Aynılık” Problemi","attachmentId":56012951,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/36120547/Emmanuel_Levinas_Felsefesinde_Ba%C5%9Fkal%C4%B1k_ve_Ayn%C4%B1l%C4%B1k_Problemi","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/36120547/Emmanuel_Levinas_Felsefesinde_Ba%C5%9Fkal%C4%B1k_ve_Ayn%C4%B1l%C4%B1k_Problemi"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="30688206" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30688206/Leibnizde_Bilgenin_Hay%C4%B1rseverli%C4%9Fi_Olarak_Adalet">Leibniz'de Bilgenin Hayırseverliği Olarak Adalet</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4263051" href="https://afyonkocatepe.academia.edu/MKaya">Mustafa Kaya</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Leibniz'de Bilgenin Hayırseverliği Olarak Adalet","attachmentId":53308630,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/30688206/Leibnizde_Bilgenin_Hay%C4%B1rseverli%C4%9Fi_Olarak_Adalet","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/30688206/Leibnizde_Bilgenin_Hay%C4%B1rseverli%C4%9Fi_Olarak_Adalet"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="117300918" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/117300918/Emmanuel_Levi_nas_%C4%B0%C3%A7i_n_Adalet_Nedi_r">Emmanuel Levi̇nas İçi̇n Adalet Nedi̇r?</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="11365350" href="https://independent.academia.edu/NurhayatAk%C3%A7etin">Nurhayat Akçetin</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Management and Economics Research, 2013</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Levinas adalet kavramını öncelikle ayrımcılığın, ayrıcalıxğın ortadan kaldırılması, eşitlik, adil bir yasanın adaleti, yasallık vb. anlamında kullanır. İkinci olarak 'adalet' ilk anlamı aşan etik bir talebi dile getirir. Daha çok üçüncü şahısla ilişkiyi belirlemek için kullanıldığı halde, Levinas'ın başkası ile ilişkiyi de 'adalet' olarak adlandırmaktan kaçınmadığı anlar vardır. Üçüncü ile ilişki bizi siyasete, devlete, yasallığa, bir vatandaşlar düzenine götürür. Başkası ise bu düzeni kesintiye uğratandır. Başkasıyla karşılaşma anlamındaki adalet, aynı zamanda devletin sınırıdır. Levinas, başkasıyla ilişkinin üçüncü şahısla ilişkiden ayrılamayacağını burada da vurgular. Ama başkasının yüzünden doğan adaleti, daha çok başkasına karşı sınırsız sorumluluğumuza bir sınır koyan üçüncü şahıs ile ilişki anlamında ele alır. Birinin sorumlu olduğu kişi eşsizdir ve sorumlu olan kişi bu sorumluluğunu devredemez. Bu anlamda, sorumlu olan kişi de eşsizdir. Bu noktada Levinas karşılıklılığın söz konusu olmadığı bir ilişkiden, bir toplumun üyeleri arasında eşitlik ve karşılıklılığın varolduğu bir ilişkiye geçer. Onun adalet arayışı, böyle yeni bir ilişkiyi varsayar. Adalet, her ne kadar adaleti kurumsallaştırsa ve sürdürse de devletten değil, başka insanların, 'dulun yetimin, yabancının' aşkınlığından türer. Levinas için adaletin gerçek doğası, öznellik kendini sorumluluk olarak anladığı zaman ortaya çıkar, çünkü sadece bu durumda adaletin tümel olanı aştığını, adaletin olduğu şey haline gelmesi için, kanunların tümelliği olabildiğince temsil ettiği kadar, yazılı kanunların ötesine geçmesi gerektiği anlaşılabilir.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Emmanuel Levi̇nas İçi̇n Adalet Nedi̇r?","attachmentId":113193595,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/117300918/Emmanuel_Levi_nas_%C4%B0%C3%A7i_n_Adalet_Nedi_r","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/117300918/Emmanuel_Levi_nas_%C4%B0%C3%A7i_n_Adalet_Nedi_r"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":103055404,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":103055404,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_103055404" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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