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vevent haudio"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary album">Treatise</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight:bold;">by <a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Cardew" title="Cornelius Cardew">Cornelius Cardew</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Cornelius_Cardew_%22Treatise%22_score_(1963-1967),_page_25.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/02/Cornelius_Cardew_%22Treatise%22_score_%281963-1967%29%2C_page_25.png/220px-Cornelius_Cardew_%22Treatise%22_score_%281963-1967%29%2C_page_25.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/02/Cornelius_Cardew_%22Treatise%22_score_%281963-1967%29%2C_page_25.png/330px-Cornelius_Cardew_%22Treatise%22_score_%281963-1967%29%2C_page_25.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/02/Cornelius_Cardew_%22Treatise%22_score_%281963-1967%29%2C_page_25.png 2x" data-file-width="393" data-file-height="253" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Page twenty-five of the score</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Composed</th><td class="infobox-data">1963-1967</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Published</th><td class="infobox-data">1967, The Gallery Upstairs Press, Buffalo, N. Y.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Movements</th><td class="infobox-data">1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Scoring</th><td class="infobox-data">193 page graphic score</td></tr></tbody></table><p><i><b>Treatise</b></i> is a <a href="/wiki/Musical_composition" title="Musical composition">musical composition</a> by <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">British</a> <a href="/wiki/Composer" title="Composer">composer</a> <a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Cardew" title="Cornelius Cardew">Cornelius Cardew</a> (1936–81). </p><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Summary">Summary</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Treatise_(music)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Summary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Written between 1963 and 1967, <i>Treatise</i> is a <a href="/wiki/Graphic_notation_(music)" title="Graphic notation (music)">graphic</a> musical score comprising 193 pages of lines, symbols, and various geometric or abstract shapes that largely eschew conventional <a href="/wiki/Musical_notation" title="Musical notation">musical notation</a>. Implicit in the title is a reference to the philosophy of <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Wittgenstein" title="Ludwig Wittgenstein">Ludwig Wittgenstein</a>, which was of particular inspiration to Cardew in composing the work.<sup id="cite_ref-dennis_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dennis-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The score is not accompanied by any explicit instructions to the <a href="/wiki/Musician" title="Musician">performers</a> in how to perform the work, or what sound-producing means are to be used. Although the bottom of each page has two five-line musical staves, this is apparently not meant to suggest piano or other keyboard instrument(s), only to indicate that the graphic elements are musical and not purely artistic in character. </p><p>Although the score allows for absolute interpretive freedom (no one interpretation will sound like another), the work is not normally played spontaneously, as Cardew had previously suggested that performers devise in advance their own rules and methods for interpreting and performing the work. There are, however, almost infinite possibilities for the interpretation of <i>Treatise</i> that fall within the implications of the piece and general principles of experimental music performance in the late 1960s, including presentation as visual art and map-reading.<sup id="cite_ref-anderson_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-anderson-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The British composer <a href="/wiki/Julian_Anderson" title="Julian Anderson">Julian Anderson</a> describes <i>Treatise</i> as "very suggestive musically...what's wrong with playing, say 10 pages of <i>Treatise</i> only using the <a href="/wiki/White_notes" class="mw-redirect" title="White notes">white notes</a>, or only using maybe the <a href="/wiki/Dorian_mode" title="Dorian mode">Dorian</a> mode." The few available recordings, or more accurately, recordings of realisations of the score, all adopt a relative slow tempo and a sonic world, which "sounds like <a href="/wiki/AMM_(group)" class="mw-redirect" title="AMM (group)">AMM</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Subsequently Cardew embraced <a href="/wiki/Maoism" title="Maoism">Maoism</a> and wholeheartedly repudiated this and other works of his <a href="/wiki/Avant-garde" title="Avant-garde">avant-garde</a> period.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A savage indictment of <i>Treatise</i> may be seen in a speech delivered by Cardew at the ‘International Symposium on the Problematic of Today’s Musical Notation’ held in Rome in October 1972, as transcribed in his highly polemical book <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stockhausen_Serves_Imperialism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stockhausen Serves Imperialism (page does not exist)">Stockhausen Serves Imperialism</a></i> (1974).<sup id="cite_ref-imperialism_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imperialism-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Curiously, Cardew did not withdraw <i>Treatise</i> from publication, despite his repudiation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Treatise_(music)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sonic Youth play a 3:29 minute excerpt of page 183 of <i>Treatise</i> on their album <i><a href="/wiki/SYR4:_Goodbye_20th_Century" title="SYR4: Goodbye 20th Century">SYR4: Goodbye 20th Century</a></i> (1999). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Treatise_(music)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-dennis-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dennis_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDennis1991" class="citation journal cs1">Dennis, Brian (June 1991). "Cardew's 'Treatise' (mainly the visual aspects)". <i>Tempo</i> (177): 10–16. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0040298200013516">10.1017/S0040298200013516</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143459030">143459030</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tempo&rft.atitle=Cardew%27s+%27Treatise%27+%28mainly+the+visual+aspects%29&rft.issue=177&rft.pages=10-16&rft.date=1991-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0040298200013516&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143459030%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Dennis&rft.aufirst=Brian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATreatise+%28music%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-anderson-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-anderson_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson2006" class="citation journal cs1">Anderson, Virginia (December 2006). "<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Well, It's a Vertebrate …": Performer Choice in Cardew's Treatise". <i>Journal of Musicological Research</i>. <b>25</b> (3–4): 291–317. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F01411890600840578">10.1080/01411890600840578</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:192206505">192206505</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Musicological+Research&rft.atitle=%22Well%2C+It%27s+a+Vertebrate+%E2%80%A6%22%3A+Performer+Choice+in+Cardew%27s+Treatise&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=3%E2%80%934&rft.pages=291-317&rft.date=2006-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F01411890600840578&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A192206505%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Virginia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATreatise+%28music%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Anderson, J. and Dingle, C. <i>Julian Anderson - Dialogues on Listening, Composing and Culture</i>. Woodbridge, The Boydell Press, 2020, p.139.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCardew1981" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Cardew" title="Cornelius Cardew">Cardew, Cornelius</a> (1981). "Wiggly Lines and Wobbly Music". In Battcock, Gregory (ed.). <i>Breaking the Sound Barrier: a Critical Anthology of the New Music</i>. New York.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Wiggly+Lines+and+Wobbly+Music&rft.btitle=Breaking+the+Sound+Barrier%3A+a+Critical+Anthology+of+the+New+Music&rft.place=New+York&rft.date=1981&rft.aulast=Cardew&rft.aufirst=Cornelius&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATreatise+%28music%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-imperialism-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-imperialism_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCardew1974" class="citation book cs1">Cardew, Cornelius (1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ubu.com/historical/cardew/cardew_stockhausen.pdf"><i>Stockhausen serves imperialism, and other articles : with commentary and notes</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. London: Latimer New Dimensions. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780901539298" title="Special:BookSources/9780901539298"><bdi>9780901539298</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stockhausen+serves+imperialism%2C+and+other+articles+%3A+with+commentary+and+notes&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Latimer+New+Dimensions&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=9780901539298&rft.aulast=Cardew&rft.aufirst=Cornelius&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ubu.com%2Fhistorical%2Fcardew%2Fcardew_stockhausen.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATreatise+%28music%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Treatise_(music)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blockmuseum.northwestern.edu/picturesofmusic/pages/anim.html">An online animated analysis of <i>Treatise</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060219065313/http://www.blockmuseum.northwestern.edu/picturesofmusic/pages/anim.html">Archived</a> 2006-02-19 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at the Block Museum Website</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spiralcage.com/improvMeeting/">Online recordings of <i>Treatise</i> by the Seattle Improv Meeting</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060619193347/http://www.spiralcage.com/improvMeeting/">Archived</a> 2006-06-19 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/3551075/Well_Its_a_Vertebrate_Performer_Choice_in_Cardews_Treatise">A draft version of Virginia Anderson, '"Well, It's a Vertebrate" Performer Choice in Cardew's <i>Treatise'</i>.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140223084734/http://www.shawnfeeney.com/treatise/">Animated electronic realization of "Treatise" by Shawn Feeney</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Treatise_(music)&oldid=1201499105">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Treatise_(music)&oldid=1201499105</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Compositions_by_Cornelius_Cardew" title="Category:Compositions by Cornelius Cardew">Compositions by Cornelius Cardew</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1967_compositions" title="Category:1967 compositions">1967 compositions</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">CS1 maint: location missing publisher</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 31 January 2024, at 19:45<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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