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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Wars_of_the_9th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wars_of_the_9th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Wars of the 9th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wars_of_the_9th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Campaigns_of_Simeon_the_Great" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Campaigns_of_Simeon_the_Great"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Campaigns of Simeon the Great</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Campaigns_of_Simeon_the_Great-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Campaigns_of_Samuil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Campaigns_of_Samuil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Campaigns of Samuil</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Campaigns_of_Samuil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conflicts_in_the_13th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conflicts_in_the_13th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Conflicts in the 13th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conflicts_in_the_13th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conflicts_in_the_14th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conflicts_in_the_14th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Conflicts in the 14th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conflicts_in_the_14th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conflicts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conflicts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Conflicts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conflicts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul 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(العصور الوسطى)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE-%D1%81%D1%80%D1%8A%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B8_(%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5)" title="Българо-сръбски войни (Средновековие) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Българо-сръбски войни (Средновековие)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerras_b%C3%BAlgaro-serbias" title="Guerras búlgaro-serbias – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Guerras búlgaro-serbias" data-language-autonym="Español" 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.infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Bulgarian-Serbian Wars</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bul-sr_wars.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Bul-sr_wars.jpg/270px-Bul-sr_wars.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="341" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/Bul-sr_wars.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="307" data-file-height="388" /></a></span><br />Clockwise from top left: <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Alexander_of_Bulgaria" title="Ivan Alexander of Bulgaria">Ivan Alexander of Bulgaria</a>; <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Du%C5%A1an" title="Stefan Dušan">Stefan Dušan of Serbia</a>; <a href="/wiki/Boris_I_of_Bulgaria" title="Boris I of Bulgaria">Boris I of Bulgaria</a>; <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Dragutin_of_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Stefan Dragutin of Serbia">Stefan Dragutin of Serbia</a>.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>818–1330 AD (512 Years)</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Western_Balkans" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Balkans">Western Balkans</a></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> <ul><li>Serbia was conquered twice by the Bulgarian Empire: <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Serbia_(early_medieval)" title="Principality of Serbia (early medieval)">Principality of Serbia (early medieval)</a> by <a href="/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar">tsar</a> <a href="/wiki/Simeon_I_the_Great" class="mw-redirect" title="Simeon I the Great">Simeon I the Great</a> in 924</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duklja" title="Duklja">Duklja</a> by <a href="/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar">tsar</a> <a href="/wiki/Samuil_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Samuil of Bulgaria">Samuil</a> in 998<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li>Bulgarian Empire became tributary of the Serbian Empire after the battle of 1330,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is disputed by historians like J.A.Fine.<sup id="ref_a_1" class="reference"><a href="#cnote_a">[a]</a></sup></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Territorial<br />changes</th><td> Both states had numerous territorial changes.</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria_(version_by_constitution).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria_%28version_by_constitution%29.svg/23px-Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria_%28version_by_constitution%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria_%28version_by_constitution%29.svg/35px-Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria_%28version_by_constitution%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria_%28version_by_constitution%29.svg/46px-Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria_%28version_by_constitution%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="423" /></a></span> Bulgarian Empire </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Bulgarian_Empire" title="First Bulgarian Empire">First Bulgarian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Bulgarian_Empire" title="Second Bulgarian Empire">Second Bulgarian Empire</a></li></ul></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Serbian_Cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Serbian_Cross.svg/19px-Serbian_Cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Serbian_Cross.svg/29px-Serbian_Cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Serbian_Cross.svg/38px-Serbian_Cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="451" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Serbia_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Serbia in the Middle Ages">Serbian medieval states</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Serbia_(early_medieval)" title="Principality of Serbia (early medieval)">Principality of Serbia (early medieval)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duklja" title="Duklja">Duklja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Serbia_(medieval)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Serbia (medieval)">Kingdom of Serbia</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria_(version_by_constitution).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria_%28version_by_constitution%29.svg/23px-Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria_%28version_by_constitution%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria_%28version_by_constitution%29.svg/35px-Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria_%28version_by_constitution%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria_%28version_by_constitution%29.svg/46px-Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria_%28version_by_constitution%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="423" /></a></span> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Presian_of_Bulgaria" title="Presian of Bulgaria">Presian</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Boris_I_of_Bulgaria" title="Boris I of Bulgaria">Boris I</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_of_Bulgaria" title="Vladimir of Bulgaria">Vladimir-Rasate</a>  (<a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war"><abbr title="Prisoner of war">POW</abbr></a>) <br /> <a href="/wiki/Simeon_I_of_Bulgaria" title="Simeon I of Bulgaria">Simeon the Great</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Komitat" class="mw-redirect" title="Komitat">komit</a> (<a href="/wiki/Duke" title="Duke">duke</a>) <a href="/wiki/Alogobotur" title="Alogobotur">Alogobotur</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Marmais" title="Marmais">Marmais</a>  <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Sigritsa" title="Theodore Sigritsa">Theodore Sigritsa</a>  <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Samuel_of_Bulgaria" title="Samuel of Bulgaria">Samuel</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Vladislav" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivan Vladislav">Ivan Vladislav</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Kaloyan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaloyan">Kaloyan</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Darman_and_Kudelin" title="Darman and Kudelin">Darman and Kudelin</a>  <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Shishman_of_Vidin" title="Shishman of Vidin">Shishman</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Shishman" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Shishman">Michael Shishman</a>  <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Serbian_Cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Serbian_Cross.svg/19px-Serbian_Cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Serbian_Cross.svg/29px-Serbian_Cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Serbian_Cross.svg/38px-Serbian_Cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="451" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Vlastimir" title="Vlastimir">Vlastimir</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Mutimir" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutimir">Mutimir</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Petar_of_Serbia" title="Petar of Serbia">Petar</a>  (<a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war"><abbr title="Prisoner of war">POW</abbr></a>)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Pavle_of_Serbia" title="Pavle of Serbia">Pavle</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Zaharija_of_Serbia" title="Zaharija of Serbia">Zaharija</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Jovan_Vladimir" title="Jovan Vladimir">Jovan Vladimir</a>  <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Vukan_Nemanji%C4%87" title="Vukan Nemanjić">Vukan Nemanjić</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Stefan_Dragutin" title="Stefan Dragutin">Stefan Dragutin</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Uro%C5%A1_II_Milutin" class="mw-redirect" title="Stefan Uroš II Milutin">Stefan Milutin</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Stefan_Uro%C5%A1_III_De%C4%8Danski_of_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Stefan Uroš III Dečanski of Serbia">Stefan Dečanski</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Bulgarian-Serbian wars</b> were a series of conflicts between the Bulgarian Empire and <a href="/wiki/Serbia_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Serbia in the Middle Ages">medieval Serbian</a> states between the 9th and 14th centuries in the central <a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkans</a>. </p><p>Before the 12th century, the Serbian states were dependent upon and strongly influenced by the dominant Balkan powers, the Bulgarian and <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empires</a>. The rulers of both those countries sought to control Serb princes to use them as allies in the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine-Bulgarian_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine-Bulgarian Wars">Byzantine-Bulgarian Wars</a>. The first war between <a href="/wiki/Bulgarians" title="Bulgarians">Bulgarians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Serbs" title="Serbs">Serbs</a> occurred during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Presian_of_Bulgaria" title="Presian of Bulgaria">Presian</a> between 839 and 842, precipitated by Byzantine diplomacy. Later after series of campaigns the Bulgarian <a href="/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar">Emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Simeon_I_of_Bulgaria" title="Simeon I of Bulgaria">Simeon I</a> conquered and destroyed the Serb state in 924. The Bulgarian Emperor <a href="/wiki/Peter_I_of_Bulgaria" title="Peter I of Bulgaria">Peter I</a> granted formal independence to Serbia in 931 and appointed his protégé <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Caslav_Klonimirovi%C4%87" class="mw-redirect" title="Časlav Klonimirović">Časlav Klonimirović</a> as its ruler. The most powerful Serbian state of the time, that of <a href="/wiki/Duklja" title="Duklja">Duklja</a>, was again subjugated by Emperor <a href="/wiki/Samuil_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Samuil of Bulgaria">Samuil</a> in 998. </p><p>In the 13th century <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Dragutin_of_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Stefan Dragutin of Serbia">Stefan Dragutin</a> and his brother <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Uro%C5%A1_II_Milutin_of_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Stefan Uroš II Milutin of Serbia">Stefan Milutin</a> fought against the Bulgarian governors of <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brani%C4%8Devo_(region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Braničevo (region)">Braničevo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Darman_and_Kudelin" title="Darman and Kudelin">Darman and Kudelin</a> and managed to defeat them. In 1327 the Emperors of Bulgaria and Byzantium signed an anti-Serbian alliance to stop Serbia's growing power but in 1330 Bulgarian Emperor <a href="/wiki/Michael_Shishman_of_Bulgaria" title="Michael Shishman of Bulgaria">Michael III Shishman</a> was defeated by <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Uro%C5%A1_III_De%C4%8Danski_of_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Stefan Uroš III Dečanski of Serbia">Stefan Dečanski</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Velbazhd" title="Battle of Velbazhd">battle of Velbazhd</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wars_of_the_9th_century">Wars of the 9th century</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian-Serbian_War_(839-842)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulgarian-Serbian War (839-842)">Bulgarian-Serbian War (839-842)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian-Serbian_War_(853)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulgarian-Serbian War (853)">Bulgarian-Serbian War (853)</a></div> <p>According to Byzantine sources, Bulgaria and the Serbs co-existed peacefully prior to the 9th century.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 818 <a href="/wiki/Slavs" title="Slavs">Slavic</a> tribes along the <a href="/wiki/Timok_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Timok River">Timok River</a> rebelled against the increasingly centralized Bulgarian suzerainty along its western frontier. <a href="/wiki/Omurtag_of_Bulgaria" title="Omurtag of Bulgaria">Omurtag</a> launched an attack into in 827, secured control over territory as far as Pannonia, expelled the local Slavic chiefs, and installed Bulgarian governors.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991107_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1991107-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Serbian tribes began to unify under a prince named <a href="/wiki/Vlastimir" title="Vlastimir">Vlastimir</a> in resistance to Bulgarian expansion,<sup id="cite_ref-run88_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-run88-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Byzantine emperor <a href="/wiki/Theophilos_(emperor)" title="Theophilos (emperor)">Theophilos</a>, who was officially overlord of the Serbian tribes, supported this unity and probably granted the Serbs independence as a counterweight to the Bulgarians.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991110_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1991110-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Balkans850.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Balkans850.png/260px-Balkans850.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Balkans850.png/390px-Balkans850.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Balkans850.png/520px-Balkans850.png 2x" data-file-width="628" data-file-height="517" /></a><figcaption>The Balkans, 9th century</figcaption></figure> <p>According to <a href="/wiki/Constantine_VII_Porphyrogennetos" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos">Porphyrogenitus</a>, Bulgaria sought to continue the conquest of lands to the west and to force the Serbs into subjugation. Bulgarian ruler <a href="/wiki/Presian_I_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Presian I of Bulgaria">Presian I</a> (r. 836–852) launched an invasion into Serbian territory in 839, leading to three years of war. Presian was heavily defeated, lost a large part of his army, and made no territorial gains.<sup id="cite_ref-run88_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-run88-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991108,_110_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1991108,_110-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEĆirković200415_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEĆirković200415-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurta2006145,_167_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECurta2006145,_167-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBury2008372_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBury2008372-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Byzantines achieved their objective, however, as Bulgarian attentions were diverted, and the Byzantines managed to cope with Slavic rebellions in <a href="/wiki/Peloponnese" title="Peloponnese">Peloponnese</a>. Fine notes another instance when a Bulgarian invasion may have been chosen to coincide with Byzantine preoccupation with Slavic uprisings. "The best-known one broke out among the Slavs of the Peloponnesus during the reign of Theophilus (829–42). They liberated themselves and ravaged the area before they were subdued by a Byzantine commander".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991110_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1991110-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The war ended with the death of Theophilos in 842, releasing Vlastimir from his obligations to the emperor and giving Bulgaria the opportunity to attack the Byzantine Empire and annex the area of <a href="/wiki/Ohrid" title="Ohrid">Ohrid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bitola" title="Bitola">Bitola</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Devol_(Albania)" title="Devol (Albania)">Devol</a> in 842–843.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TzarBorisDidacticGospelConstantinePreslavski.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/TzarBorisDidacticGospelConstantinePreslavski.jpg/160px-TzarBorisDidacticGospelConstantinePreslavski.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="328" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/TzarBorisDidacticGospelConstantinePreslavski.jpg/240px-TzarBorisDidacticGospelConstantinePreslavski.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/TzarBorisDidacticGospelConstantinePreslavski.jpg/320px-TzarBorisDidacticGospelConstantinePreslavski.jpg 2x" data-file-width="764" data-file-height="1568" /></a><figcaption>Boris I of Bulgaria</figcaption></figure> <p>Vlastimir died in about 850, and his state was divided between his sons <a href="/wiki/Mutimir_of_Serbia" title="Mutimir of Serbia">Mutimir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Strojimir_of_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Strojimir of Serbia">Strojimir</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gojnik_Vlastimirovi%C4%87" class="mw-redirect" title="Gojnik Vlastimirović">Gojnik</a>. In 853 or 854, the new Bulgarian ruler <a href="/wiki/Boris_I_of_Bulgaria" title="Boris I of Bulgaria">Boris I</a> sent an army, led by his son <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_of_Bulgaria" title="Vladimir of Bulgaria">Vladimir</a>, to attack the Serbs, aiming to replace Byzantine influence over them.<sup id="cite_ref-run92_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-run92-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991141_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1991141-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEĆirković200415_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEĆirković200415-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurta2006145,_167_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECurta2006145,_167-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBury2008373-374_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBury2008373-374-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Serbian army led by Mutimir and his brothers defeated the Bulgarians, capturing Vladimir and twelve leading <a href="/wiki/Boyars" class="mw-redirect" title="Boyars">boyars</a>, who had to be ransomed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991112,_141_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1991112,_141-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Boris I and Mutimir agreed on peace (and perhaps an alliance).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991141_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1991141-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mutimir sent his sons <a href="/wiki/Pribislav_of_Serbia" title="Pribislav of Serbia">Pribislav</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Mutimirovi%C4%87" title="Stefan Mutimirović">Stefan</a> to escort the prisoners to the border, where they exchanged items as a sign of peace. Boris himself gave them "rich gifts", receiving in return "two slaves, two falcons, two dogs, and 80 furs".<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mutimir soon seized the Serbian throne, exiling his brothers to the Bulgarian court, and ruled until his death in about 890.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991141_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1991141-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A power struggle ensued within the ruling family before Mutimir's nephew <a href="/wiki/Petar_of_Serbia" title="Petar of Serbia">Peter</a> emerged to capture the throne in 892, gaining the recognition of the Bulgarian ruler <a href="/wiki/Simeon_I_of_Bulgaria" title="Simeon I of Bulgaria">Simeon the Great</a>. This resulted in twenty years of peace within Serbia and a Bulgarian-Serbian alliance from 897–917.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991141_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1991141-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Campaigns_of_Simeon_the_Great">Campaigns of Simeon the Great</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian-Serbian_wars_(917-924)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulgarian-Serbian wars (917-924)">Bulgarian-Serbian wars (917-924)</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Balkans925.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Balkans925.png/240px-Balkans925.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Balkans925.png/360px-Balkans925.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/Balkans925.png 2x" data-file-width="472" data-file-height="605" /></a><figcaption>The Balkans, early 10th century.</figcaption></figure> <p>For the next half century following the campaign of Boris I, both countries were at peace, and the Serbs looked to Bulgaria as a source of their culture.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 917 the Byzantines managed to bribe the Serbian prince <a href="/wiki/Petar_Gojnikovi%C4%87" class="mw-redirect" title="Petar Gojniković">Petar Gojniković</a> to turn against his ally, <a href="/wiki/Simeon_I_of_Bulgaria" title="Simeon I of Bulgaria">Simeon I</a>. After the Byzantine army was annihilated in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Achelous_(917)" title="Battle of Achelous (917)">battle of Achelous</a> on 20 August that year, the Bulgarian emperor had to delay his march to <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a> in order to secure his western borders. In the autumn of 917 Simeon sent an army under the generals <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Sigritsa" title="Theodore Sigritsa">Theodore Sigritsa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marmais" title="Marmais">Marmais</a> to invade Serbia and punish Gojniković for his treason. They convinced Petar Gojniković to meet them, but when the Serbian Prince came he was captured and taken to <a href="/wiki/Preslav" class="mw-redirect" title="Preslav">Preslav</a> where he died in prison. The Bulgarians installed Petar's cousin Pavle Branović, who was under the wing of Simeon, in his place.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991150_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1991150-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEĆirković200418_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEĆirković200418-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurta2006212_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECurta2006212-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 921, the Bulgarians controlled almost every Byzantine possession on the Balkans, and the latter tried once again to turn the Serbs against Bulgaria. <a href="/wiki/Romanos_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanos I">Romanos Lekapenos</a> sent Zaharije Pribisavljević against Pavle, who was loyal to Simeon, but Zaharije was defeated and sent to Bulgaria, to be used against Pavle if the latter was insubordinate.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the Byzantines managed to bribe Pavle, and while the Bulgarians were besieging <a href="/wiki/Edirne" title="Edirne">Adrianople</a>, the Serbs started hostilities against Bulgaria. This time Simeon easily defeated them – he sent Zaharije with a Bulgarian army into Serbia. Pavle was defeated, and his throne was taken by Zaharije.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zlatarski dates that campaign to 922, while Fine suggests it took place in the period between 921 and 923.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991152_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1991152-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Byzantine historians, however, wrote that after Zaharije "recalled the beneficence of the Byzantine Emperor, [he] immediately rebelled against the Bulgarians because he did not want to submit to them but preferred to be a subject of the Byzantine Emperor."<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since Zaharije had long lived in <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>, it was not difficult for the Byzantines to win him as an ally.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991152_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1991152-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Angered with his betrayal, in 924 Simeon sent an army led by Theodore Sigritsa and Marmais to crush the Serbs, but the Bulgarians were insufficient in number.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991152_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1991152-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were ambushed and defeated, and the heads of their commanders were sent to Constantinople.<sup id="cite_ref-run175_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-run175-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Enraged, Simeon pretended that he was ready to conclude peace with the Byzantine Empire and in the meantime summoned a large army against the Serbs under the generals Knin, Imnik and Itsvoklius along with the new pretender of the Serbian throne <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Caslav_Klonimirovi%C4%87" class="mw-redirect" title="Časlav Klonimirović">Časlav Klonimirović</a>. When the news of those preparations reached Zaharije, he immediately fled to <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Croatia_(Medieval)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Croatia (Medieval)">Croatia</a>. However, this time the Bulgarians decided to fully conquer the Serbian principality. The Serbian nobles were persuaded to meet Časlav and were captured and taken to Preslav. The Bulgarian army devastated Serbia and moved the population to Bulgaria while some escaped to Croatia and Byzantium.<sup id="cite_ref-run175_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-run175-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Serbia was included in the borders of the Bulgarian Empire<sup id="cite_ref-run175_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-run175-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991153_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1991153-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for a period of several years until 930-931 when prince Časlav managed to escape from Preslav and organized a successful revolt against the new emperor <a href="/wiki/Peter_I_of_Bulgaria" title="Peter I of Bulgaria">Peter I</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991159_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1991159-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Practically Serbia did not exist at that time. It became independent only to fall ca. 960 under Byzantine and later under Bulgarian rule.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Campaigns_of_Samuil">Campaigns of Samuil</h2></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RizMap10.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/RizMap10.jpg/300px-RizMap10.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="307" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/RizMap10.jpg/450px-RizMap10.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/RizMap10.jpg/600px-RizMap10.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1569" data-file-height="1605" /></a><figcaption>Map of Bulgaria in its largest extension during Samuel's reign circa 1000.<sup id="cite_ref-delev_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-delev-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jovan_Vladimir,_Greek_icon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/Jovan_Vladimir%2C_Greek_icon.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="254" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="210" data-file-height="254" /></a><figcaption>Prince Jovan Vladimir.</figcaption></figure> <p>After the defeat at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Spercheios" title="Battle of Spercheios">Spercheios</a> in 996 against the Byzantines, the Bulgarian Emperor <a href="/wiki/Samuil_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Samuil of Bulgaria">Samuil</a> turned his attention to the Serbian and Croatian principalities to the northwest where the Byzantine influence was very strong.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 998 he invaded the Serbian principality of Duklja, which was ruled by Prince <a href="/wiki/Jovan_Vladimir" title="Jovan Vladimir">Jovan Vladimir</a>. The Serbs were unable to resist the Bulgarian army, and Jovan Vladimir fled with his people in the Oblica mountain.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Samuil arrived he left part of his army to bar the Serbs, and with the rest of his troops he besieged the coastal fortress of <a href="/wiki/Ulcinj" title="Ulcinj">Ulcinj</a>. To avoid further bloodshed the Bulgarians offered to allow Jovan Vladimir to surrender; he initially refused, but after it became clear that his nobles were ready to betray him, he surrendered to Samuil. Jovan Vladimir was exiled to Samuil's palaces in <a href="/wiki/Prespa" title="Prespa">Prespa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Then the Bulgarians seized <a href="/wiki/Kotor" title="Kotor">Kotor</a> and set off for <a href="/wiki/Dubrovnik" title="Dubrovnik">Dubrovnik</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dalmatia" title="Dalmatia">Dalmatia</a>. </p><p>While Jovan Vladimir was in Bulgarian captivity, one of the daughters of Samuil, <a href="/wiki/Theodora_Kosara_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Theodora Kosara of Bulgaria">Theodora Kosara</a>, fell in love with the young Serbian Prince, and Samuil approved their marriage. Jovan Vladimir was allowed to return to his lands as a Bulgarian official, supervised by a trusted man of the Bulgarian Emperor, Dragomir.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in 1016 he was killed by the new Bulgarian Emperor <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Vladislav_of_Bulgaria" title="Ivan Vladislav of Bulgaria">Ivan Vladislav</a> who was suspicious that Vladimir could be a potential candidate for the throne.<sup id="cite_ref-Stephenson_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stephenson-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Conflicts_in_the_13th_century">Conflicts in the 13th century</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Car-ivan-asen-ii_html_bbd799d.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Car-ivan-asen-ii_html_bbd799d.jpg/220px-Car-ivan-asen-ii_html_bbd799d.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Car-ivan-asen-ii_html_bbd799d.jpg/330px-Car-ivan-asen-ii_html_bbd799d.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Car-ivan-asen-ii_html_bbd799d.jpg/440px-Car-ivan-asen-ii_html_bbd799d.jpg 2x" data-file-width="962" data-file-height="806" /></a><figcaption>The Bulgarian Empire during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Asen_II" title="Ivan Asen II">Ivan Asen II</a> (1218 – 1241)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Balkans1260.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Balkans1260.gif/220px-Balkans1260.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Balkans1260.gif/330px-Balkans1260.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Balkans1260.gif/440px-Balkans1260.gif 2x" data-file-width="551" data-file-height="352" /></a><figcaption>South-eastern Europe, c. 1261 (the Bulgarian Empire in dark green, the Kingdom of Serbia in orange).</figcaption></figure> <p>The first clashes between the <a href="/wiki/Second_Bulgarian_Empire" title="Second Bulgarian Empire">reborn Bulgarian Empire</a> and the Serbs who acted as Hungarian <a href="/wiki/Vassal" title="Vassal">vassals</a> occurred in 1202. <a href="/wiki/Emeric_of_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Emeric of Hungary">Emeric of Hungary</a> took advantage of the campaigns of the Bulgarian Emperor <a href="/wiki/Kaloyan_of_Bulgaria" title="Kaloyan of Bulgaria">Kaloyan</a> and took the Bulgarian cities Belgrade, Branicevo, and <a href="/wiki/Ni%C5%A1" title="Niš">Niš</a>. The latter was given to his vassal, the Serbian zhupan <a href="/wiki/Vukan_Nemanji%C4%87" title="Vukan Nemanjić">Valkan</a> (Vukan). However, in 1203 the Bulgarian army pushed the Serbs out of Niš (which Fine suggests had been under Serbian rule since the 1190s)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine199448_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine199448-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and defeated the Hungarians in battles along the Morava river.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine199454–55_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine199454–55-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1289 the Hungarians asked their vassal <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Dragutin" title="Stefan Dragutin">Stefan Dragutin</a> to attack the Bulgarian nobles Darman and Kudelin, rulers of the Branicevo province, who had previously defeated the Hungarians. In 1290 Dragutin invaded the province but was defeated by Darman and Kudelin, who then attacked his lands. Dragutin had to ask his brother <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Milutin" title="Stefan Milutin">Stefan Milutin</a>, the King of Serbia, to help him. In 1291 they defeated the Bulgarians, who fled to Vidin. The despot of Vidin also fought the Serbs, but the war was unsuccessful and Vidin was sacked. Bulgaria lost the Belgrade and Branicevo provinces forever. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Conflicts_in_the_14th_century">Conflicts in the 14th century</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Velbazhd" title="Battle of Velbazhd">Battle of Velbazhd</a></div> <p>After 1291 <a href="/wiki/Second_Bulgarian_Empire" title="Second Bulgarian Empire">Bulgaria</a> and Serbia maintained friendly relations. In 1296 the Bulgarian Emperor <a href="/wiki/Smilets_of_Bulgaria" title="Smilets of Bulgaria">Smilets</a> married his daughter <a href="/wiki/Teodora_of_Bulgaria,_Queen_of_Serbia" title="Teodora of Bulgaria, Queen of Serbia">Theodora</a> to the future Serbian King <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Uro%C5%A1_III_De%C4%8Danski_of_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Stefan Uroš III Dečanski of Serbia">Stefan Uroš III Dečanski</a>. The sister of Dečanski <a href="/wiki/Anna_Neda_of_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Anna Neda of Serbia">Anna Neda</a> was married to the Bulgarian Emperor <a href="/wiki/Michael_Shishman_of_Bulgaria" title="Michael Shishman of Bulgaria">Michael III Shishman</a>. However, the growth of the Serbian Kingdom in the late 13th and early 14th century raised serious concern in the royal courts in <a href="/wiki/Tarnovo" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarnovo">Tarnovo</a> and Constantinople – while both Empires had numerous external and internal problems, the Serbs expanded their state in northern <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(region)" title="Macedonia (region)">Macedonia</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The-Balkans-in-1355.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/The-Balkans-in-1355.png/220px-The-Balkans-in-1355.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/The-Balkans-in-1355.png/330px-The-Balkans-in-1355.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/The-Balkans-in-1355.png/440px-The-Balkans-in-1355.png 2x" data-file-width="888" data-file-height="729" /></a><figcaption>The Balkans in 1355, with Serbia at its greatest extent.</figcaption></figure> <p>On 13 May 1327 Michael III Shishman and <a href="/wiki/Andronikos_III_Palaiologos" title="Andronikos III Palaiologos">Andronikos III Palaiologos</a> signed a treaty against Serbia and agreed to launch a joint campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two emperors had disputes, but they were cleared by 1328 and the alliance was reaffirmed in October.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1994271_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1994271-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The campaign began in July 1330 when the Byzantines invaded Serbia from the south; after they seized several fortresses, however, their campaign was halted by orders of Andronikos III. In the meantime the Bulgarian army, which numbered around 15,000 men, attacked from the east. On 24 July the armies of Bulgaria and Serbia (which numbered between 15,000<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1994271_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1994271-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 18,000 men<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) met near the town of Velbazhd (<a href="/wiki/Kyustendil" title="Kyustendil">Kyustendil</a>). Despite the one-day truce agreed by the two rulers, the Serbs broke their word and attacked the Bulgarians while the latter were scattered to search for provisions.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Caught by surprise and outnumbered, the Bulgarians tried to organize resistance but were defeated. The wounded Emperor Michael III Shishman was captured by the victors and died four days later.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1994272_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1994272-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEĆirković200462_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEĆirković200462-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite their victory, the Serbs were unable to continue their campaign in Bulgaria – Stefan Dečanski did not risk confronting the Bulgarian reserves led by the Emperor's brother and despot of <a href="/wiki/Vidin" title="Vidin">Vidin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belaur" title="Belaur">Belaur</a>, and the despot of <a href="/wiki/Lovech" title="Lovech">Lovech</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Alexander_of_Bulgaria" title="Ivan Alexander of Bulgaria">Ivan Alexander</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Furthermore, he was under pressure from the south where there were Byzantine forces. After short negotiations near the castle of Izvor, Belaur and Dečanski concluded a peace treaty according to which the Bulgarian throne was inherited by the son of Michael III Shishman and Anna Neda, <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Stephen_of_Bulgaria" title="Ivan Stephen of Bulgaria">Ivan Stefan</a>. Bulgaria did not lose territory but was unable to stop the Serbian expansion in Macedonia. Fine writes that although sources mention no territorial changes, many scholars believe that the Serbs seized <a href="/wiki/Ni%C5%A1" title="Niš">Niš</a> and the surrounding region in the aftermath of the battle.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1994272_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1994272-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The battle of Velbazhd initiated a period of twenty years when Serbia was the dominant power in the Balkans for the first time. Their new king, <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Du%C5%A1an" title="Stefan Dušan">Stefan Dušan</a>, conquered Macedonia, <a href="/wiki/Despotate_of_Epirus" title="Despotate of Epirus">Epirus</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Thessaly" title="Thessaly">Thessaly</a> in 1331, and he was crowned <a href="/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar">Tsar</a> (Emperor) in 1346. After he died in 1355, his state was divided into several independent states. Same happened in Bulgaria during the rule of Ivan Alexander in 1371. In the 15th century both states were conquered by the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Turks" title="Ottoman Turks">Ottoman Turks</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Conflicts">Conflicts</h2></div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th>Conflict </th> <th>Time period </th> <th>Bulgarian commander </th> <th>Serbian commander </th> <th>Result </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bulgar%E2%80%93Serb_War_(839%E2%80%93842)" title="Bulgar–Serb War (839–842)">Bulgar–Serb War (839–842)</a></td> <td>839–842</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Presian_I_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Presian I of Bulgaria">Presian</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vlastimir" title="Vlastimir">Vlastimir</a></td> <td>Serbian victory </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bulgar%E2%80%93Serb_War_(853)" title="Bulgar–Serb War (853)">Bulgar–Serb War (853)</a></td> <td>853</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vladimir-Rasate" class="mw-redirect" title="Vladimir-Rasate">Vladimir-Rasate</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mutimir_of_Serbia" title="Mutimir of Serbia">Mutimir</a></td> <td>Serbian victory </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian%E2%80%93Serbian_wars_of_917%E2%80%93924" title="Bulgarian–Serbian wars of 917–924">Bulgar–Serbian wars of 917–924</a></td> <td>917</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Simeon_I_of_Bulgaria" title="Simeon I of Bulgaria">Simeon I</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Petar_of_Serbia" title="Petar of Serbia">Petar</a></td> <td>Bulgarian victory </td></tr> <tr> <td>921</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Simeon_I_of_Bulgaria" title="Simeon I of Bulgaria">Simeon I</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pavle_of_Serbia" title="Pavle of Serbia">Pavle</a></td> <td>Bulgarian victory </td></tr> <tr> <td>922</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zaharija_of_Serbia" title="Zaharija of Serbia">Zaharija</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pavle_of_Serbia" title="Pavle of Serbia">Pavle</a></td> <td>Bulgarian victory <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>924</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Marmais" title="Marmais">Marmais</a> and <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Sigritsa" title="Theodore Sigritsa">Theodore Sigritsa</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zaharija_of_Serbia" title="Zaharija of Serbia">Zaharija</a></td> <td>Serbian victory </td></tr> <tr> <td>924</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Simeon_I_of_Bulgaria" title="Simeon I of Bulgaria">Simeon I</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zaharija_of_Serbia" title="Zaharija of Serbia">Zaharija</a></td> <td>Bulgarian decisive victory and conquest of the early medieval Serbian principality </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bulgarian-Serb War</td> <td>998</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Samuel_of_Bulgaria" title="Samuel of Bulgaria">Samuil</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jovan_Vladimir" title="Jovan Vladimir">Jovan Vladimir</a></td> <td>Bulgarian decisive victory, conquest <a href="/wiki/Duklja" title="Duklja">Duklja</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bulgarian-Serb War </td> <td>1203 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kaloyan_of_Bulgaria" title="Kaloyan of Bulgaria">Kaloyan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vukan_Nemanji%C4%87" title="Vukan Nemanjić">Vukan Nemanjić</a> </td> <td>Bulgarian victory </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Serbian_conflict_with_the_Nogai_Horde" title="Serbian conflict with the Nogai Horde">Bulgarian-Serbian War</a></td> <td>1283<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1987219_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1987219-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUzelac201113–14_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUzelac201113–14-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Darman_and_Kudelin" title="Darman and Kudelin">Darman and Kudelin</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stefan_Milutin" title="Stefan Milutin">Stefan Milutin</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">Serbian victory </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Serbian_conflict_with_the_Nogai_Horde" title="Serbian conflict with the Nogai Horde">Bulgarian-Serbian War</a> </td> <td>1284 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Darman_and_Kudelin" title="Darman and Kudelin">Darman and Kudelin</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stefan_Dragutin" title="Stefan Dragutin">Stefan Dragutin</a> </td> <td>Bulgarian victory </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Serbian_conflict_with_the_Nogai_Horde" title="Serbian conflict with the Nogai Horde">Bulgarian-Serbian War</a></td> <td>1290</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Darman_and_Kudelin" title="Darman and Kudelin">Darman and Kudelin</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stefan_Dragutin" title="Stefan Dragutin">Stefan Dragutin</a></td> <td>Bulgarian victory </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Serbian_conflict_with_the_Nogai_Horde" title="Serbian conflict with the Nogai Horde">Bulgarian-Serbian War</a></td> <td>1291<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1987220_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1987220-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUzelac201113–14_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUzelac201113–14-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Darman_and_Kudelin" title="Darman and Kudelin">Darman and Kudelin</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stefan_Milutin" title="Stefan Milutin">Stefan Milutin</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">Serbian victory, Milutin successfully defends <a href="/wiki/Zdrelo" class="mw-redirect" title="Zdrelo">Zdrelo</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Serbian_conflict_with_the_Nogai_Horde" title="Serbian conflict with the Nogai Horde">Bulgarian-Serbian War</a></td> <td>1292<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1987220_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1987220-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUzelac201113–14_61-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUzelac201113–14-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Darman_and_Kudelin" title="Darman and Kudelin">Darman and Kudelin</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stefan_Milutin" title="Stefan Milutin">Stefan Milutin</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">Serbian victory, conquest of <a href="/wiki/Vidin" title="Vidin">Vidin</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Velbazhd" title="Battle of Velbazhd">Battle of Velbazhd</a></td> <td>1330</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Michael_Shishman_of_Bulgaria" title="Michael Shishman of Bulgaria">Michael Shishman</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stefan_De%C4%8Danski" title="Stefan Dečanski">Stefan Dečanski</a></td> <td>Serbian victory </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/32px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/48px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/64px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Bulgaria" title="Portal:Bulgaria">Bulgaria portal</a></span></li></ul> <table width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine%E2%80%93Serbian_wars" title="Byzantine–Serbian wars">Byzantine–Serbian wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian%E2%80%93Ottoman_wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbian–Ottoman wars">Serbian–Ottoman wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian%E2%80%93Hungarian_wars" title="Bulgarian–Hungarian wars">Bulgarian–Hungarian wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine%E2%80%93Bulgarian_wars" title="Byzantine–Bulgarian wars">Byzantine–Bulgarian wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian%E2%80%93Bulgarian_wars" title="Croatian–Bulgarian wars">Croatian–Bulgarian wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian%E2%80%93Ottoman_wars" title="Bulgarian–Ottoman wars">Bulgarian–Ottoman wars</a></li></ul> </td> <td valign="top"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duklja" title="Duklja">Duklja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Bulgarian_Empire" title="First Bulgarian Empire">First Bulgarian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Principality_of_Serbia" title="Grand Principality of Serbia">Grand Principality of Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_Bulgarian_army" title="Medieval Bulgarian army">Medieval Bulgarian army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_Serbian_army" title="Medieval Serbian army">Medieval Serbian army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Bulgarian_Empire" title="Second Bulgarian Empire">Second Bulgarian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Empire" title="Serbian Empire">Serbian Empire</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <li id="cnote_a"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#ref_a_1">^</a></b></span> <div style="display:inline;" class="reference-text">According to historian <a href="/wiki/John_Van_Antwerp_Fine_Jr." title="John Van Antwerp Fine Jr.">John Van Antwerp Fine Jr.</a> after the battle of Velbazhd "though Bulgaria was weaker than Serbia, it did not suffer any legal dependence. It was simply an independent, less powerful, and generally allied state".<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<i>Serbia emerged in the 8th century and then fell to the Bulgars under Symeon. From 931 Serbia was independent under Časlav only to fall to Samuel and remain under Bulgaria until the 11th century</i>." Jim Bradbury, The Routledge Companion to Medieval Warfare, Routledge Companions to History, Routledge, 2004, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1134598475" title="Special:BookSources/1134598475">1134598475</a>, p. 172.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9lHeh36S8ooC&q=bulgaria+serbia+vassal+dusan&pg=PT1707"><i>The Cambridge Medieval History volumes 1-5</i></a>. Plantagenet Publishing.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Medieval+History+volumes+1-5&rft.pub=Plantagenet+Publishing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9lHeh36S8ooC%26q%3Dbulgaria%2Bserbia%2Bvassal%2Bdusan%26pg%3DPT1707&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABulgarian%E2%80%93Serbian+wars+%28medieval%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStewart1959" class="citation book cs1">Stewart, Cecil (1959). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/serbianlegacy0000stew"><i>Serbian Legacy</i></a></span>. George Allen and Unwin.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Serbian+Legacy&rft.pub=George+Allen+and+Unwin&rft.date=1959&rft.aulast=Stewart&rft.aufirst=Cecil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fserbianlegacy0000stew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABulgarian%E2%80%93Serbian+wars+%28medieval%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/De_Administrando_Imperio" title="De Administrando Imperio">De Administrando Imperio</a></i>, ed. Bon., cap. 32, p. 154</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1991107-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991107_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFine1991">Fine 1991</a>, pp. 107.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-run88-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-run88_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-run88_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Runciman, p. 88</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Грот, К. Я. <i>Известия Константина Багрянородного о сербах и хорватах</i>, Петроград, 1879, стр. 182</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Л. Ковачевић и Л. Jовановић, <i>Историја српскога народа</i>, Београд, 1894, кн. 2, стр. 38–39</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ст. Станоjевић, <i>Историја српскога народа</i>, Београд, 1910, стр. 46–47</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1991110-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991110_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991110_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFine1991">Fine 1991</a>, pp. 110.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1991108,_110-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991108,_110_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFine1991">Fine 1991</a>, pp. 108, 110.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEĆirković200415-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEĆirković200415_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEĆirković200415_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFĆirković2004">Ćirković 2004</a>, pp. 15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECurta2006145,_167-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurta2006145,_167_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurta2006145,_167_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCurta2006">Curta 2006</a>, pp. 145, 167.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBury2008372-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBury2008372_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBury2008">Bury 2008</a>, p. 372.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GpQ3AAAAIAAJ"><i>E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam 1913-1936</i></a>. BRILL. 1987. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-08265-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-08265-6"><bdi>978-90-04-08265-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=E.J.+Brill%27s+First+Encyclopaedia+of+Islam+1913-1936&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-90-04-08265-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGpQ3AAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABulgarian%E2%80%93Serbian+wars+%28medieval%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Известия за българите</i>, стр. 42–43</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-run92-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-run92_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Runciman, p. 92</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1991141-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991141_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991141_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991141_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991141_18-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFine1991">Fine 1991</a>, pp. 141.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBury2008373-374-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBury2008373-374_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBury2008">Bury 2008</a>, p. 373-374.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1991112,_141-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991112,_141_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFine1991">Fine 1991</a>, pp. 112, 141.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Runciman, pp. 88–89</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Грот, К. Я. <i>Известия Константин Багрянородного о сербах и хорватах</i>, Петроград, 1879, стр. 183</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">F. Raçki, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/documentahistori00raki">Documenta historiae Chroaticae periodum antiquam illustrantia</a>, Zagreb, 1877, p. 359.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">П. Шафарик, Славян. древн., II, 1, стр. 289.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Const. Porphyr., ibid., cap. 32, p. 154-155</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Runciman, p. 162</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1991150-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991150_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFine1991">Fine 1991</a>, pp. 150.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEĆirković200418-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEĆirković200418_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFĆirković2004">Ćirković 2004</a>, pp. 18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECurta2006212-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurta2006212_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCurta2006">Curta 2006</a>, pp. 212.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Runciman, pp. 162–163</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Грот, К. Я. <i>Известия Константина Багрянородного о сербах и хорватах</i>, Петроград, 1879, стр. 186–187</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Runciman, p. 165</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Runciman, pp. 166–167</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1991152-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991152_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991152_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991152_34-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFine1991">Fine 1991</a>, pp. 152.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Const. Porphyr., ibid., cap. 32, p. 157</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-run175-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-run175_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-run175_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-run175_36-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Runciman, p. 175</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1991153-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991153_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFine1991">Fine 1991</a>, pp. 153.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Zlatarski, V. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.promacedonia.org/vz1a/vz1a_b1_2.html">History of the Bulgarian state in the Middle Ages</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080618032241/http://www.promacedonia.org/vz1a/vz1a_b1_2.html">Archived</a> 18 June 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>, Sofia, 1971, p. 214</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1991159-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991159_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFine1991">Fine 1991</a>, pp. 159.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Runciman, p. 185</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jim Bradbury, The Routledge Companion to Medieval Warfare, Routledge Companions to History, Routledge, 2004, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1134598475" title="Special:BookSources/1134598475">1134598475</a>, p. 172.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-delev-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-delev_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Delev, <i>12. The decline of the First Bulgarian Empire</i> (<i> 12. Zalezat na Parvoto Balgarsko Tsarstvo</i> <i>12. Залезът на Първото българско царство</i>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Šišič, F., <i>Geschichte der Kroaten</i>, S. 188–189</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">К. Jireček, <i>Studien zur Geschichte und Geographie Albaniens im Mittelalter</i> (S.—Ab. aus dem 1 Bd. der "Illyrisch-Albanischen Forschungen", zusammengestellt von Ludwic v. Thalloczy, S. 63–187), Budapest, 1916, S. 56–57 – According to Constantine Jireček that mountain is Tarabosh (572 m) located to the south-western corner of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Scutari" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Scutari">Lake Škodra</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Runciman, pp. 232–233</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Šišić, p. 331</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Runciman, p. 233</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Šišić, p. 334</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stephenson-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Stephenson_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStephenson2006" class="citation web cs1">Stephenson, Paul (November 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110514005239/http://homepage.mac.com/paulstephenson/trans/lpd2.html#">"Partial Translation of Chronicle of the Priest of Duklja"</a>. <a href="/wiki/.Mac" class="mw-redirect" title=".Mac">.Mac</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://homepage.mac.com/paulstephenson/trans/lpd2.html">the original</a> on 14 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 December</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Partial+Translation+of+Chronicle+of+the+Priest+of+Duklja&rft.pub=.Mac&rft.date=2006-11&rft.aulast=Stephenson&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhomepage.mac.com%2Fpaulstephenson%2Ftrans%2Flpd2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABulgarian%E2%80%93Serbian+wars+%28medieval%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine199448-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine199448_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFine1994">Fine 1994</a>, pp. 48.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Andreev, J. <i>The Bulgarian Khans and Tsars</i> (<i>Balgarskite hanove i tsare</i>, <i>Българските ханове и царе</i>), Veliko Tarnovo, 1996, p. 162 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/954-427-216-X" title="Special:BookSources/954-427-216-X">954-427-216-X</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine199454–55-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine199454–55_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFine1994">Fine 1994</a>, pp. 54–55.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nicephori Gregoras. Historiae byzantinae ed. Schopen, I, Bonnae, 1829, I, 391, 394;</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1994271-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1994271_54-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1994271_54-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFine1994">Fine 1994</a>, pp. 271.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ald-bg.narod.ru/materiali/Velbajd.htm">The battle of Velbazhd</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Архиепископ Данило. Животи краљева, с. 183</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1994272-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1994272_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1994272_57-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFine1994">Fine 1994</a>, pp. 272.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEĆirković200462-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEĆirković200462_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFĆirković2004">Ćirković 2004</a>, pp. 62.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Шишмановци, 54–55</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1987219-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1987219_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFine1987">Fine (1987)</a>, p. 219.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUzelac201113–14-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUzelac201113–14_61-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUzelac201113–14_61-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUzelac201113–14_61-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFUzelac2011">Uzelac (2011)</a>, pp. 13–14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1987220-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1987220_62-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1987220_62-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFine1987">Fine (1987)</a>, p. 220.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFine1987" class="citation book cs1">Fine, John (1987). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/latemedievalbalk00jrjo"><i>The Late Medieval Balkans, A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan_Press" title="University of Michigan Press">University of Michigan Press</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/latemedievalbalk00jrjo/page/n286">274</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-472-10079-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-472-10079-3"><bdi>0-472-10079-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Late+Medieval+Balkans%2C+A+Critical+Survey+from+the+Late+Twelfth+Century+to+the+Ottoman+Conquest&rft.pages=274&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0-472-10079-3&rft.aulast=Fine&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flatemedievalbalk00jrjo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABulgarian%E2%80%93Serbian+wars+%28medieval%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2></div> <dl><dt>Primary sources</dt></dl> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoravcsik1967" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gyula_Moravcsik" title="Gyula Moravcsik">Moravcsik, Gyula</a>, ed. (1967) [1949]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3al15wpFWiMC"><i>Constantine Porphyrogenitus: De Administrando Imperio</i></a> (2nd revised ed.). Washington D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Center for Byzantine Studies. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780884020219" title="Special:BookSources/9780884020219"><bdi>9780884020219</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Constantine+Porphyrogenitus%3A+De+Administrando+Imperio&rft.place=Washington+D.C.&rft.edition=2nd+revised&rft.pub=Dumbarton+Oaks+Center+for+Byzantine+Studies&rft.date=1967&rft.isbn=9780884020219&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3al15wpFWiMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABulgarian%E2%80%93Serbian+wars+%28medieval%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUzelac2011" class="citation journal cs1">Uzelac, Aleksandar (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/1771012/Tatars_and_Serbs_at_the_end_of_the_Thirteenth_Century_Revista_de_istorie_Militara_5_6_2011_pp_9_20">"Tatars and Serbs at the End of the Thirteenth Century"</a>. <i>Revista de Istorie Militară</i> (5/6): 9–20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revista+de+Istorie+Militar%C4%83&rft.atitle=Tatars+and+Serbs+at+the+End+of+the+Thirteenth+Century&rft.issue=5%2F6&rft.pages=9-20&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Uzelac&rft.aufirst=Aleksandar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F1771012%2FTatars_and_Serbs_at_the_end_of_the_Thirteenth_Century_Revista_de_istorie_Militara_5_6_2011_pp_9_20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABulgarian%E2%80%93Serbian+wars+%28medieval%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFШишић1928" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ferdo_%C5%A0i%C5%A1i%C4%87" title="Ferdo Šišić">Шишић, Фердо</a>, ed. (1928). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HXwCSCgxTlcC"><i>Летопис Попа Дукљанина (Chronicle of the Priest of Duklja)</i></a>. Београд-Загреб: Српска краљевска академија.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81+%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0+%D0%94%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%99%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0+%28Chronicle+of+the+Priest+of+Duklja%29&rft.place=%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4-%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1&rft.pub=%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%99%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&rft.date=1928&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHXwCSCgxTlcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABulgarian%E2%80%93Serbian+wars+%28medieval%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFКунчер2009" class="citation book cs1">Кунчер, Драгана (2009). <i>Gesta Regum Sclavorum</i>. Vol. 1. Београд-Никшић: Историјски институт, Манастир Острог.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gesta+Regum+Sclavorum&rft.place=%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4-%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%9B&rft.pub=%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82%2C+%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80+%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80&rft.aufirst=%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABulgarian%E2%80%93Serbian+wars+%28medieval%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFЖивковић2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tibor_%C5%BDivkovi%C4%87" title="Tibor Živković">Живковић, Тибор</a> (2009). <i>Gesta Regum Sclavorum</i>. Vol. 2. Београд-Никшић: Историјски институт, Манастир Острог.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gesta+Regum+Sclavorum&rft.place=%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4-%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%9B&rft.pub=%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82%2C+%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80+%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%9B&rft.aufirst=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABulgarian%E2%80%93Serbian+wars+%28medieval%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <dl><dt>Secondary sources</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBury2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_B._Bury" class="mw-redirect" title="John B. Bury">Bury, John B.</a> (2008) [1912]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=svPkt-TIHK0C"><i>History of the Eastern Empire from the Fall of Irene to the Accession of Basil: A.D. 802–867</i></a>. New York: Cosimo. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60520-421-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60520-421-5"><bdi>978-1-60520-421-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Eastern+Empire+from+the+Fall+of+Irene+to+the+Accession+of+Basil%3A+A.D.+802%E2%80%93867&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Cosimo&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-60520-421-5&rft.aulast=Bury&rft.aufirst=John+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsvPkt-TIHK0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABulgarian%E2%80%93Serbian+wars+%28medieval%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFĆirković2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sima_%C4%86irkovi%C4%87" title="Sima Ćirković">Ćirković, Sima</a> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2Wc-DWRzoeIC"><i>The Serbs</i></a>. Malden: Blackwell Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781405142915" title="Special:BookSources/9781405142915"><bdi>9781405142915</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Serbs&rft.place=Malden&rft.pub=Blackwell+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9781405142915&rft.aulast=%C4%86irkovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Sima&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2Wc-DWRzoeIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABulgarian%E2%80%93Serbian+wars+%28medieval%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCurta2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Florin_Curta" title="Florin Curta">Curta, Florin</a> (2006). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/southeasterneuro0000curt"><i>Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500–1250</i></a></span>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521815390" title="Special:BookSources/9780521815390"><bdi>9780521815390</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Southeastern+Europe+in+the+Middle+Ages%2C+500%E2%80%931250&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780521815390&rft.aulast=Curta&rft.aufirst=Florin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsoutheasterneuro0000curt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABulgarian%E2%80%93Serbian+wars+%28medieval%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFine1991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Van_Antwerp_Fine_Jr." title="John Van Antwerp Fine Jr.">Fine, John Van Antwerp Jr.</a> (1991) [1983]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Y0NBxG9Id58C"><i>The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century</i></a>. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-472-08149-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-472-08149-7"><bdi>0-472-08149-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Early+Medieval+Balkans%3A+A+Critical+Survey+from+the+Sixth+to+the+Late+Twelfth+Century&rft.place=Ann+Arbor%2C+Michigan&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-472-08149-7&rft.aulast=Fine&rft.aufirst=John+Van+Antwerp+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DY0NBxG9Id58C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABulgarian%E2%80%93Serbian+wars+%28medieval%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFine1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Van_Antwerp_Fine_Jr." title="John Van Antwerp Fine Jr.">Fine, John Van Antwerp Jr.</a> (1994) [1987]. <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/latemedievalbalk00fine"><i>The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest</i></a></span>. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-472-10079-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-472-10079-3"><bdi>0-472-10079-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Late+Medieval+Balkans%3A+A+Critical+Survey+from+the+Late+Twelfth+Century+to+the+Ottoman+Conquest&rft.place=Ann+Arbor%2C+Michigan&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-472-10079-3&rft.aulast=Fine&rft.aufirst=John+Van+Antwerp+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flatemedievalbalk00fine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABulgarian%E2%80%93Serbian+wars+%28medieval%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFŽivković2007" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tibor_%C5%BDivkovi%C4%87" title="Tibor Živković">Živković, Tibor</a> (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180324160341/http://www.iib.ac.rs/docs/IstorijskiCasopis55(2007).pdf">"The Golden Seal of Stroimir"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Historical Review</i>. <b>55</b>. Belgrade: The Institute for History: 23–29. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iib.ac.rs/docs/IstorijskiCasopis55%282007%29.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 24 March 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Historical+Review&rft.atitle=The+Golden+Seal+of+Stroimir&rft.volume=55&rft.pages=23-29&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=%C5%BDivkovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Tibor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iib.ac.rs%2Fdocs%2FIstorijskiCasopis55%25282007%2529.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABulgarian%E2%80%93Serbian+wars+%28medieval%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Bulgarian)</span> <a href="/wiki/Vasil_Zlatarski" title="Vasil Zlatarski">Zlatarski, V.</a> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.promacedonia.org/vz1a/index.html">History of the Bulgarian state in the Middle Ages: Part 1</a></i>, IInd edition Sofia, 1971</li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Bulgarian)</span> Zlatarski, V. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.promacedonia.org/vz1b/index.html">History of the Bulgarian state in the Middle Ages: Part 2</a></i>, IInd edition Sofia, 1971</li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in English)</span> <a href="/wiki/Steven_Runciman" title="Steven Runciman">Runciman, S.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.promacedonia.org/en/sr/index.html">A history of the First Bulgarian Empire</a>, G. Bell & Sons, London 1930</li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Bulgarian)</span> Andreev, J. The Bulgarian Khans and Tsars (Balgarskite hanove i tsare, Българските ханове и царе), Veliko Tarnovo, 1996 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/954-427-216-X" title="Special:BookSources/954-427-216-X">954-427-216-X</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Bulgarian)</span> "История на България.Том ІІІ – Втора българска държава" – Издателство на БАН, 1982 г.</li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output 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style="width:100%;padding:0;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"> <table style="width:100%" class="wraplinks"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width: 33%; background-color: #E32636">State </th> <th style="width: 34%; background-color: #03C03C">Military </th> <th style="width: 33%; background-color: #FFF8E7">Culture </th> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"> <td> <div style="background:#FFF8E7; text-align:center; font-size:110%;"><b>Origin</b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulgars" title="Bulgars">Bulgars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Slavs" title="South Slavs">South Slavs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Great_Bulgaria" title="Old Great Bulgaria">Old Great Bulgaria</a></li></ul> <div style="background:#FFF8E7; text-align:center; font-size:110%;"><b>States</b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Bulgarian_Empire" title="First Bulgarian Empire">First Bulgarian Empire</a> (681–1018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Bulgarian_Empire" title="Second Bulgarian Empire">Second Bulgarian Empire</a> (1185–1396/1422)</li></ul> <p><i>De facto independent Bulgarian states from the Second Empire</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tsardom_of_Vidin" title="Tsardom of Vidin">Tsardom of Vidin</a> (1371–1396/1422)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Despotate_of_Dobruja" title="Despotate of Dobruja">Despotate of Dobruja (Principality of Karvuna)</a> (1337/1346–1413)</li></ul> <div style="background:#FFF8E7; text-align:center; font-size:110%;"><b>Administration</b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boyar#Boyars_in_Bulgaria" title="Boyar">Aristocracy</a></li> <li><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8A%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="bg:Съвет на Великите боили">Great Boyar Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Preslav" title="Council of Preslav">Council of Preslav</a></li> <li>Capitals: <a href="/wiki/Pliska" title="Pliska">Pliska</a> (681–893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preslav" class="mw-redirect" title="Preslav">Preslav</a> (893–972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skopje" title="Skopje">Skopje</a> (972–992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohrid" title="Ohrid">Ohrid</a> (992–1018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veliko_Tarnovo" title="Veliko Tarnovo">Tarnovo</a> (1185–1393)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikopol,_Bulgaria" title="Nikopol, Bulgaria">Nicopolis</a> (1393–1396)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidin" title="Vidin">Vidin</a> (1393–1396)</li></ul> <div style="background:#FFF8E7; text-align:center; font-size:110%;"><b>Important rulers</b></div> <p><i><b>First Bulgarian Empire</b></i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asparukh_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Asparukh of Bulgaria">Asparukh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tervel_of_Bulgaria" title="Tervel of Bulgaria">Tervel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krum" title="Krum">Krum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omurtag_of_Bulgaria" title="Omurtag of Bulgaria">Omurtag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_I_of_Bulgaria" title="Boris I of Bulgaria">Boris I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simeon_I_of_Bulgaria" title="Simeon I of Bulgaria">Simeon I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_I_of_Bulgaria" title="Peter I of Bulgaria">Peter I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_of_Bulgaria" title="Samuel of Bulgaria">Samuel</a></li></ul> <p><i><b>Second Bulgarian Empire</b></i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Asen_I_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivan Asen I of Bulgaria">Ivan Asen I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaloyan_of_Bulgaria" title="Kaloyan of Bulgaria">Kaloyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Asen_II_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivan Asen II of Bulgaria">Ivan Asen II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Tih" title="Konstantin Tih">Konstantin Tih</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Shishman_of_Bulgaria" title="Michael Shishman of Bulgaria">Michael Shishman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Alexander_of_Bulgaria" title="Ivan Alexander of Bulgaria">Ivan Alexander</a></li></ul> <div style="background:#FFF8E7; text-align:center; font-size:110%;"><b>Economy</b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_Bulgarian_coinage" title="Medieval Bulgarian coinage">Bulgarian coinage</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medieval_Bulgarian_economy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Medieval Bulgarian economy (page does not exist)">Bulgarian economy</a></li></ul> <p><br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Krum33.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Krum of Bulgaria"><img alt="Krum of Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Krum33.jpg/75px-Krum33.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Krum33.jpg/113px-Krum33.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Krum33.jpg/150px-Krum33.jpg 2x" data-file-width="577" data-file-height="810" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Omurtag1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Omurtag of Bulgaria"><img alt="Omurtag of Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Omurtag1.jpg/75px-Omurtag1.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Omurtag1.jpg/113px-Omurtag1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Omurtag1.jpg/150px-Omurtag1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="598" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NHM-BG-photoKonstantinTih1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Constantine I of Bulgaria"><img alt="Constantine I of Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/NHM-BG-photoKonstantinTih1.jpg/74px-NHM-BG-photoKonstantinTih1.jpg" decoding="async" width="74" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/NHM-BG-photoKonstantinTih1.jpg/111px-NHM-BG-photoKonstantinTih1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/NHM-BG-photoKonstantinTih1.jpg/148px-NHM-BG-photoKonstantinTih1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="412" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </p> </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_Bulgarian_army" title="Medieval Bulgarian army">Bulgarian army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_Bulgarian_navy" title="Medieval Bulgarian navy">Bulgarian navy</a></li></ul> <div style="background:#FF4040; text-align:center; font-size:110%;"><b>Conflicts</b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine%E2%80%93Bulgarian_wars" title="Byzantine–Bulgarian wars">Byzantine–Bulgarian wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian%E2%80%93Bulgarian_wars" title="Croatian–Bulgarian wars">Croatian–Bulgarian wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian%E2%80%93Hungarian_wars" title="Bulgarian–Hungarian wars">Bulgarian–Hungarian wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian%E2%80%93Latin_wars" title="Bulgarian–Latin wars">Bulgarian–Latin wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian%E2%80%93Ottoman_wars" title="Bulgarian–Ottoman wars">Bulgarian–Ottoman wars</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bulgarian–Serbian wars</a></li></ul> <div style="background:#FF4040; text-align:center; font-size:110%;"><b>Major battles</b></div> <p><i><b>First Bulgarian Empire</b></i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ongal" title="Battle of Ongal">Battle of Ongal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Constantinople_(717%E2%80%93718)" title="Siege of Constantinople (717–718)">Siege of Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Marcellae" title="Battle of Marcellae">Battle of Marcellae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pliska" title="Battle of Pliska">Battle of Pliska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian%E2%80%93Bulgarian_battle_of_854" class="mw-redirect" title="Croatian–Bulgarian battle of 854">Croatian–Bulgarian battle of 854</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Southern_Buh" title="Battle of Southern Buh">Battle of Southern Buh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Achelous_(917)" title="Battle of Achelous (917)">Battle of Achelous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Gates_of_Trajan" title="Battle of the Gates of Trajan">Battle of the Gates of Trajan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kleidion" title="Battle of Kleidion">Battle of Kleidion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dyrrhachium_(1018)" title="Battle of Dyrrhachium (1018)">Battle of Dyrrhachium</a></li></ul> <p><i><b>Second Bulgarian Empire</b></i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tryavna" title="Battle of Tryavna">Battle of Tryavna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Adrianople_(1205)" title="Battle of Adrianople (1205)">Battle of Adrianople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Klokotnitsa" title="Battle of Klokotnitsa">Battle of Klokotnitsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Skafida" title="Battle of Skafida">Battle of Skafida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Velbazhd" title="Battle of Velbazhd">Battle of Velbazhd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rusokastro" title="Battle of Rusokastro">Battle of Rusokastro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maritsa" title="Battle of Maritsa">Battle of Chernomen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tarnovo" title="Siege of Tarnovo">Siege of Tarnovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nicopolis" title="Battle of Nicopolis">Battle of Nicopolis</a></li></ul> <div style="background:#FF4040; text-align:center; font-size:110%;"><b>Major uprisings</b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uprising_of_Peter_Delyan" class="mw-redirect" title="Uprising of Peter Delyan">Uprising of Peter Delyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uprising_of_Georgi_Voyteh" title="Uprising of Georgi Voyteh">Uprising of Georgi Voyteh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uprising_of_Asen_and_Peter" title="Uprising of Asen and Peter">Uprising of Asen and Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uprising_of_Ivaylo" title="Uprising of Ivaylo">Uprising of Ivaylo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uprising_of_Konstantin_and_Fruzhin" title="Uprising of Konstantin and Fruzhin">Uprising of Konstantin and Fruzhin</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AdrianopleConquest.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/AdrianopleConquest.jpg/320px-AdrianopleConquest.jpg" decoding="async" width="320" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/AdrianopleConquest.jpg/480px-AdrianopleConquest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/AdrianopleConquest.jpg/640px-AdrianopleConquest.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1070" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td> <div style="background:#ACE1AF; text-align:center; font-size:110%;"><b>Literature</b></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ivan_ALexander_and_his_family_Tetraevangelia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tetraevangelia of Ivan Alexander"><img alt="Tetraevangelia of Ivan Alexander" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Ivan_ALexander_and_his_family_Tetraevangelia.jpg/100px-Ivan_ALexander_and_his_family_Tetraevangelia.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Ivan_ALexander_and_his_family_Tetraevangelia.jpg/150px-Ivan_ALexander_and_his_family_Tetraevangelia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Ivan_ALexander_and_his_family_Tetraevangelia.jpg/200px-Ivan_ALexander_and_his_family_Tetraevangelia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="948" data-file-height="1354" /></a><figcaption>Tetraevangelia of Ivan Alexander</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_Bulgarian_literature" title="Medieval Bulgarian literature">Bulgarian literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glagolitic_script" title="Glagolitic script">Glagolitic script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Early Cyrillic alphabet">Early Cyrillic alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Church_Slavonic" title="Old Church Slavonic">Old Church Slavonic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preslav_Literary_School" title="Preslav Literary School">Preslav Literary School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohrid_Literary_School" title="Ohrid Literary School">Ohrid Literary School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_Bulgarian_royal_charters" title="Medieval Bulgarian royal charters">Royal charters</a></li></ul> <p><i><b>Prominent writers and scholars:</b></i><br /> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Naum" title="Saint Naum">Saint Naum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Ohrid" title="Clement of Ohrid">Clement of Ohrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chernorizets_Hrabar" title="Chernorizets Hrabar">Chernorizets Hrabar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_of_Preslav" title="Constantine of Preslav">Constantine of Preslav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Exarch" title="John the Exarch">John the Exarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euthymius_of_Tarnovo" title="Euthymius of Tarnovo">Evtimiy of Tarnovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Tsamblak" title="Gregory Tsamblak">Gregory Tsamblak</a></li></ul> <div style="background:#ACE1AF; text-align:center; font-size:110%;"><b>Art and architecture</b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Tarnovo_Artistic_School" title="Architecture of the Tarnovo Artistic School">Architecture of the Tarnovo Artistic School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Painting_of_the_Tarnovo_Artistic_School" title="Painting of the Tarnovo Artistic School">Painting of the Tarnovo Artistic School</a></li></ul> <p><i><b>Famous examples:</b></i><br /> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madara_Rider" title="Madara Rider">Madara Rider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Basilica,_Pliska" title="Great Basilica, Pliska">Great Basilica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round_Church,_Preslav" title="Round Church, Preslav">Round Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Forty_Martyrs_Church,_Veliko_Tarnovo" title="Holy Forty Martyrs Church, Veliko Tarnovo">Holy Forty Martyrs Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boyana_Church" title="Boyana Church">Boyana Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsarevets_(fortress)" title="Tsarevets (fortress)">Tsarevets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baba_Vida" title="Baba Vida">Baba Vida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherven_(fortress)" title="Cherven (fortress)">Cherven</a></li></ul> <div style="background:#ACE1AF; text-align:center; font-size:110%;"><b>Religion</b></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:St._Theodor.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Saint Theodor"><img alt="Saint Theodor" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/St._Theodor.jpg/100px-St._Theodor.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/St._Theodor.jpg/150px-St._Theodor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/St._Theodor.jpg/200px-St._Theodor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="373" data-file-height="447" /></a><figcaption>Saint Theodor</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tengrism" title="Tengrism">Tengrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavic mythology">Slavic Paganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Bulgaria" title="Christianization of Bulgaria">Christianisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Orthodox_Church" title="Bulgarian Orthodox Church">Bulgarian Orthodox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archbishopric_of_Ohrid" title="Archbishopric of Ohrid">Archbishopric of Ohrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bogomilism" title="Bogomilism">Bogomilism</a></li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#99C68E"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/16px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/24px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/32px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Bulgaria" title="Portal:Bulgaria">Bulgaria portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/16px-P_history.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/24px-P_history.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/32px-P_history.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:History" title="Portal:History">History portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Wars_and_battles_involving_Serbs" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Wars_and_battles_involving_Serbs" title="Template:Wars and battles involving Serbs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Wars_and_battles_involving_Serbs" title="Template talk:Wars and battles involving Serbs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Wars_and_battles_involving_Serbs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Wars and battles involving Serbs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Wars_and_battles_involving_Serbs" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Serbia" title="Military history of Serbia">Wars and battles involving Serbs</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Medieval</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;vertical-align:top;;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Serbian–Bulgarian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulgar%E2%80%93Serb_War_(839%E2%80%93842)" title="Bulgar–Serb War (839–842)">Bulgar–Serb War (839–842)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgar%E2%80%93Serb_War_(853)" title="Bulgar–Serb War (853)">Bulgar–Serb War (853)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian%E2%80%93Serbian_wars_of_917%E2%80%93924" title="Bulgarian–Serbian wars of 917–924">Bulgarian–Serbian wars of 917–924</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaharija_of_Serbia#Rule" title="Zaharija of Serbia">Bulgarian–Serbian border revolt</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bulgarian-Serb War (998)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarian-Serbian_War_(1202)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bulgarian-Serbian War (1202) (page does not exist)">Bulgarian-Serbian War (1202)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarian-Serbian_War_(1203)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bulgarian-Serbian War (1203) (page does not exist)">Bulgarian-Serbian War (1203)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarian-Serbian_War_(1290)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bulgarian-Serbian War (1290) (page does not exist)">Bulgarian-Serbian War (1290)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarian-Serbian_War_(1291)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bulgarian-Serbian War (1291) (page does not exist)">Bulgarian-Serbian War (1291)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian-Serbian_War_(1330)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulgarian-Serbian War (1330)">Bulgarian-Serbian War (1330)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Velbazhd" title="Battle of Velbazhd">Battle of Velbazhd</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;vertical-align:top;;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Serbian%E2%80%93Ottoman_conflicts" title="List of Serbian–Ottoman conflicts">Serbian–Ottoman</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Early skirmishes <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gallipoli_(1312)" title="Battle of Gallipoli (1312)">Battle of Gallipoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stephaniana" title="Battle of Stephaniana">Battle of Stephaniana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Demotika" title="Battle of Demotika">Battle of Demotika</a> in 1352</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_S%C4%B1rp_S%C4%B1nd%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Sırp Sındığı">Battle of Sırp Sındığı</a> in 1364</li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Serbian_Empire" title="Fall of the Serbian Empire">Fall of the Serbian Empire</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maritsa" title="Battle of Maritsa">Battle of Maritsa</a> in 1371</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dubravnica" title="Battle of Dubravnica">Battle of Dubravnica</a> in 1381</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Savra" title="Battle of Savra">Battle of Savra</a> in 1385</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Plo%C4%8Dnik" title="Battle of Pločnik">Battle of Pločnik</a> in 1386</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kosovo" title="Battle of Kosovo">Battle of Kosovo</a> in 1389</li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Despotate" title="Serbian Despotate">Serbian Despotate</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Karanovasa" title="Battle of Karanovasa">Battle of Karanovasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tripolje" title="Battle of Tripolje">Battle of Tripolje</a> in 1402</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Novo_Brdo" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Novo Brdo">Siege of Novo Brdo</a> in 1412</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Vitosha_Pass&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Vitosha Pass (page does not exist)">Battle of Vitosha Pass</a> in 1413</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Carmorlu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Carmorlu (page does not exist)">Battle of Carmorlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Scutari_War" title="First Scutari War">First Scutari War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Scutari_War" title="Second Scutari War">Second Scutari War</a></li> <li>Ottoman invasion of Serbia in 1425</li> <li>Ottoman invasion of Serbia in 1427</li> <li>Ottoman invasion of Serbia in 1437</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Trnava_(1430)" title="Battle of Trnava (1430)">Battle of Trnava (1430)</a></li> <li>Ottoman invasion of Serbia in 1438</li> <li>Ottoman invasion of Serbia (1439–1444)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusade_of_Varna" title="Crusade of Varna">Crusade of Varna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nish_(1443)" title="Battle of Nish (1443)">Battle of Nish (1443)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zlatitsa" title="Battle of Zlatitsa">Battle of Zlatitsa</a> in 1443</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kunovica" title="Battle of Kunovica">Battle of Kunovica</a> in 1444</li> <li>Ottoman invasion of Serbia (1454–1455)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kru%C5%A1evac" title="Battle of Kruševac">Battle of Kruševac</a> in 1454</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Leskovac" title="Battle of Leskovac">Battle of Leskovac</a> in 1454</li> <li>Ottoman invasion of Serbia in 1456</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Belgrade_(1456)" title="Siege of Belgrade (1456)">Siege of Belgrade</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Smederevo_(1456)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Smederevo (1456) (page does not exist)">Siege of Smederevo</a></li> <li>Ottoman invasion and conquest of <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> in 1459</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Breadfield" title="Battle of Breadfield">Battle of Breadfield</a> in 1479</li></ul></li> <li>Ottoman conquest of <a href="/wiki/Zeta_under_the_Crnojevi%C4%87i" title="Zeta under the Crnojevići">Zeta</a> in 1499</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;vertical-align:top;;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Byzantine_wars" title="List of Byzantine wars">Serbian–Byzantine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serb_Uprising_of_1038%E2%80%931042&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serb Uprising of 1038–1042 (page does not exist)">Serb Uprising of 1038–1042</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bar" title="Battle of Bar">Battle of Bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slav_Uprising_in_Pomoravlje" class="mw-redirect" title="Slav Uprising in Pomoravlje">Slav Uprising in Pomoravlje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zve%C4%8Dan" title="Battle of Zvečan">Battle of Zvečan</a> (1094)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Haram" title="Battle of Haram">Battle of Haram</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Ras_(1127)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Ras (1127) (page does not exist)">Siege of Ras (1127)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tara_(1150)" title="Battle of Tara (1150)">Battle of Tara (1150)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine%E2%80%93Hungarian_War_(1149%E2%80%931155)" title="Byzantine–Hungarian War (1149–1155)">Byzantine–Hungarian War (1149–1155)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Brani%C4%8Devo" title="Siege of Braničevo">Siege of Braničevo</a> (1154)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pantina" title="Battle of Pantina">Battle of Pantina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine%E2%80%93Hungarian_War_(1127%E2%80%931129)" title="Byzantine–Hungarian War (1127–1129)">Byzantine–Hungarian War (1127–1129)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_civil_war_of_1321%E2%80%931328" title="Byzantine civil war of 1321–1328">Byzantine civil war of 1321–1328</a></li> <li>Serbian invasion of Macedonia led by <a href="/wiki/Syrgiannes_Palaiologos" title="Syrgiannes Palaiologos">Syrgiannes Palaiologos</a> (1334)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_civil_war_of_1341%E2%80%931347" title="Byzantine civil war of 1341–1347">Byzantine civil war of 1341–1347</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;vertical-align:top;;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_invasions_of_Europe" title="Hungarian invasions of Europe">Hungarian invasions of Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magyar%E2%80%93Serb_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Magyar–Serb conflict">Magyar–Serb conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine%E2%80%93Hungarian_War_(1127%E2%80%931129)" title="Byzantine–Hungarian War (1127–1129)">Byzantine–Hungarian War (1127–1129)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sirmium" title="Battle of Sirmium">Battle of Sirmium</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Gacko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Gacko (page does not exist)">Battle of Gacko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_conflict_with_the_Nogai_Horde" title="Serbian conflict with the Nogai Horde">Serbian conflict with the Nogai Horde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasion_of_Bulgaria_and_Serbia" title="Mongol invasion of Bulgaria and Serbia">Mongol invasion of Bulgaria and Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%C4%8Dva_War" title="Mačva War">Mačva War</a></li> <li>Hungarian–Serbian War (1321-1324)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_Hum_(1326%E2%80%931329)" class="mw-redirect" title="War of Hum (1326–1329)">War of Hum (1326–1329)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_civil_war_of_1331" title="Serbian civil war of 1331">Serbian civil war of 1331</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_nobility_conflict_(1369)" title="Serbian nobility conflict (1369)">Serbian nobility conflict (1369)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rovine" title="Battle of Rovine">Battle of Rovine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nicopolis" title="Battle of Nicopolis">Battle of Nicopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ankara" title="Battle of Ankara">Battle of Ankara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kosmidion" title="Battle of Kosmidion">Battle of Kosmidion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_%C3%87amurlu" title="Battle of Çamurlu">Battle of Çamurlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Despotovac&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Despotovac (page does not exist)">Battle of Despotovac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Belgrade_(1440)" title="Siege of Belgrade (1440)">Siege of Belgrade (1440)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kosovo_(1448)" title="Battle of Kosovo (1448)">Battle of Kosovo (1448)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Constantinople" title="Fall of Constantinople">Fall of Constantinople</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Foreign rule</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Habsburg_monarchy" title="Habsburg monarchy">Habsburgs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jovan_Nenad" title="Jovan Nenad">Jovan Nenad</a>'s uprising</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_campaign_of_1527%E2%80%931528" title="Hungarian campaign of 1527–1528">Hungarian campaign of 1527–1528</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sz%C5%91l%C5%91s" title="Battle of Szőlős">Battle of Szőlős</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sz%C5%91dfalva" title="Battle of Sződfalva">Battle of Sződfalva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Keresztes" title="Battle of Keresztes">Battle of Keresztes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Turkish_War" title="Great Turkish War">Great Turkish War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Belgrade_(1688)" title="Siege of Belgrade (1688)">Siege of Belgrade (1688)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bato%C4%8Dina" title="Battle of Batočina">Battle of Batočina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ni%C5%A1_(1689)" title="Battle of Niš (1689)">Battle of Niš (1689)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Belgrade_(1690)" title="Siege of Belgrade (1690)">Siege of Belgrade (1690)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lugos" title="Battle of Lugos">Battle of Lugos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A1k%C3%B3czi%27s_War_of_Independence" title="Rákóczi's War of Independence">Rákóczi's War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Saint_Gotthard_(1705)" title="Battle of Saint Gotthard (1705)">Battle of Saint Gotthard (1705)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austro-Turkish_War_(1716%E2%80%931718)" title="Austro-Turkish War (1716–1718)">Austro-Turkish War (1716–1718)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Belgrade_(1717)" title="Siege of Belgrade (1717)">Siege of Belgrade (1717)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1735%E2%80%931739)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1735–1739)">Russo-Turkish War (1735–1739)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zsib%C3%B3" title="Battle of Zsibó">Battle of Zsibó</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tren%C4%8D%C3%ADn" title="Battle of Trenčín">Battle of Trenčín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Petrovaradin" title="Battle of Petrovaradin">Battle of Petrovaradin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Banja_Luka" title="Battle of Banja Luka">Battle of Banja Luka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austro-Turkish_War_(1788%E2%80%931791)" title="Austro-Turkish War (1788–1791)">Austro-Turkish War (1788–1791)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottomans</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Long_War_(Ottoman_wars)" class="mw-redirect" title="Long War (Ottoman wars)">Long War (Ottoman wars)</a> (1593–1606)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banat_Uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="Banat Uprising">Banat Uprising</a> (1594)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serb_Uprising_of_1596%E2%80%931597&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serb Uprising of 1596–1597 (page does not exist)">Serb Uprising of 1596–1597</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Moh%C3%A1cs_(1687)" title="Battle of Mohács (1687)">Battle of Mohács (1687)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uprising_in_Vu%C4%8Ditrn" title="Uprising in Vučitrn">Uprising in Vučitrn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serb_uprising_of_1737%E2%80%931739" title="Serb uprising of 1737–1739">Serb uprising of 1737–1739</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ko%C4%8Dina_Krajina_Serb_rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Kočina Krajina Serb rebellion">Kočina Krajina Serb rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Martini%C4%87i_(1796)" title="Battle of Martinići (1796)">Battle of Martinići (1796)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Krusi" title="Battle of Krusi">Battle of Krusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lopate" title="Battle of Lopate">Battle of Lopate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Venice</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Morean_War" title="Morean War">Morean War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_War_(1645%E2%80%931669)" title="Cretan War (1645–1669)">Cretan War (1645–1669)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Turkish_War" title="Great Turkish War">Great Turkish War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_on_Vrtijeljka" title="Battle on Vrtijeljka">Battle on Vrtijeljka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Slankamen" title="Battle of Slankamen">Battle of Slankamen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zenta" title="Battle of Zenta">Battle of Senta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Hussar_Regiment" title="Serbian Hussar Regiment">Serbian Hussar Regiment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pruth_River_Campaign" title="Pruth River Campaign">Pruth River Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Polish_Succession" title="War of the Polish Succession">War of the Polish Succession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Swedish_War_(1741%E2%80%931743)" title="Russo-Swedish War (1741–1743)">Russo-Swedish War (1741–1743)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War" title="Seven Years' War">Seven Years' War</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">19th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;vertical-align:top;;"><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Revolution" title="Serbian Revolution">Serbian Revolution</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/First_Serbian_Uprising" title="First Serbian Uprising">First Serbian Uprising</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Vra%C4%8Dar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Vračar (page does not exist)">Vračar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Rudnik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Rudnik (page does not exist)">Rudnik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Svileuva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Svileuva (page does not exist)">Svileuva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Bato%C4%8Dina_and_Jagodina" title="Battles of Batočina and Jagodina">Batočina and Jagodina</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Kragujevac_(1804)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Kragujevac (1804) (page does not exist)">Kragujevac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Drlupa" title="Battle of Drlupa">Drlupa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_%C4%8Coke%C5%A1ina" title="Battle of Čokešina">Čokešina</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberation_of_%C5%A0abac&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberation of Šabac (page does not exist)">Šabac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Po%C5%BEarevac" title="Battle of Požarevac">Požarevac</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Karanovac&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Karanovac (page does not exist)">Karanovac</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Adakale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Adakale (page does not exist)">Adakale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ivankovac" title="Battle of Ivankovac">Ivankovac</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Rudnik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Rudnik (page does not exist)">Rudnik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Vrbica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Vrbica (page does not exist)">Vrbica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mi%C5%A1ar" title="Battle of Mišar">Mišar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Deligrad" title="Battle of Deligrad">Deligrad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Belgrade_(1806)" title="Siege of Belgrade (1806)">Belgrade (1806)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberation_of_Belgrade_(1807)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberation of Belgrade (1807) (page does not exist)">Liberation of Belgrade</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Loznica_(1807)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Loznica (1807) (page does not exist)">Loznica</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battles_of_Malajnica_and_%C5%A0tubik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battles of Malajnica and Štubik (page does not exist)">Malajnica and Štubik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_%C4%8Cegar" title="Battle of Čegar">Čegar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Jasika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Jasika (page does not exist)">Jasika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Prahovo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Prahovo (page does not exist)">Prahovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Suvodol" title="Battle of Suvodol">Suvodol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_on_the_Drina_(1810)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle on the Drina (1810) (page does not exist)">Drina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Varvarin" title="Battle of Varvarin">Varvarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Loznica" title="Battle of Loznica">Loznica</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Ma%C4%8Dva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Mačva (page does not exist)">Mačva</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Ravnje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Ravnje (page does not exist)">Ravnje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Had%C5%BEi_Prodan%27s_Revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Hadži Prodan's Revolt">Hadži Prodan's Revolt</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Second_Serbian_Uprising" title="Second Serbian Uprising">Second Serbian Uprising</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ljubi%C4%87" title="Battle of Ljubić">Ljubić</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_%C4%8Ca%C4%8Dak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Čačak (page does not exist)">Čačak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Pale%C5%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Palež (page does not exist)">Palež</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Po%C5%BEarevac" title="Battle of Požarevac">Požarevac</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Dublje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Dublje (page does not exist)">Rudnik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Dublje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Dublje (page does not exist)">Družetić</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Dublje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Dublje (page does not exist)">Kragujevac</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Dublje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Dublje (page does not exist)">Jagodina</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Dublje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Dublje (page does not exist)">Karanovac</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Dublje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Dublje (page does not exist)">Batočina</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Dublje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Dublje (page does not exist)">Užice</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Dublje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Dublje (page does not exist)">Valjevo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Dublje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Dublje (page does not exist)">Batočina</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;vertical-align:top;;">Ottoman</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin%E2%80%93Ottoman_War_(1852%E2%80%931853)" title="Montenegrin–Ottoman War (1852–1853)">Montenegrin–Ottoman War (1852–1853)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Grahovac" title="Battle of Grahovac">Battle of Grahovac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kola%C5%A1in" title="Battle of Kolašin">Battle of Kolašin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin%E2%80%93Ottoman_War_(1861%E2%80%931862)" title="Montenegrin–Ottoman War (1861–1862)">Montenegrin–Ottoman War (1861–1862)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin%E2%80%93Ottoman_War_(1876%E2%80%931878)" title="Montenegrin–Ottoman War (1876–1878)">Montenegrin–Ottoman War (1876–1878)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vu%C4%8Dji_Do" title="Battle of Vučji Do">Battle of Vučji Do</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fundina" title="Battle of Fundina">Battle of Fundina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_for_Plav_and_Gusinje" title="Battles for Plav and Gusinje">Battles for Plav and Gusinje</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Velika_attacks_(1879)" title="Velika attacks (1879)">Velika attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nov%C5%A1i%C4%87e" title="Battle of Novšiće">Battle of Novšiće</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Murino" title="Battle of Murino">Battle of Murino</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;vertical-align:top;;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kumanovo_uprising" title="Kumanovo uprising">Kumanovo uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adriatic_campaign_of_1807%E2%80%931814" title="Adriatic campaign of 1807–1814">Adriatic campaign of 1807–1814</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan%C4%8Di%C4%87%27s_rebellion" title="Jančić's rebellion">Jančić's rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priest_Jovica%27s_Rebellion" title="Priest Jovica's Rebellion">Priest Jovica's Rebellion</a></li> <li>Several battles of <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1848" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1848">Hungarian Revolution of 1848</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Vr%C5%A1ac_(1849)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Vršac (1849) (page does not exist)">Battle of Vršac (1849)</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Serbian-Turkish_Wars_(1876%E2%80%931878)" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbian-Turkish Wars (1876–1878)">Serbian-Turkish Wars (1876–1878)</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vranje" title="Battle of Vranje">Battle of Vranje</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Cattaro" title="Siege of Cattaro">Siege of Cattaro</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Herzegovina_uprising_(1852%E2%80%931862)" title="Herzegovina uprising (1852–1862)">Herzegovina uprising (1852–1862)</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krivo%C5%A1ije_uprising_(1869)" title="Krivošije uprising (1869)">Krivošije uprising (1869)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1877%E2%80%931878)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)">Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_campaign_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_in_1878" title="Austro-Hungarian campaign in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1878">AU-BiH War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jajce_(1878)" title="Battle of Jajce (1878)">Battle of Jajce (1878)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Vitez_(1878)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Vitez (1878) (page does not exist)">Battle of Vitez (1878)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarajevo_(1878)" title="Battle of Sarajevo (1878)">Battle of Sarajevo (1878)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbo-Bulgarian_War" title="Serbo-Bulgarian War">Serbo-Bulgarian War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pirot" title="Battle of Pirot">Battle of Pirot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Slivnitsa" title="Battle of Slivnitsa">Battle of Slivnitsa</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">20th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Struggle" title="Macedonian Struggle">Macedonian Struggle</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fight_on_%C5%A0uplji_Kamen" class="mw-redirect" title="Fight on Šuplji Kamen">Fight on Šuplji Kamen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fight_on_%C4%8Celopek" class="mw-redirect" title="Fight on Čelopek">Fight on Čelopek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fight_in_Tabanovce" class="mw-redirect" title="Fight in Tabanovce">Fight in Tabanovce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fight_in_Velika_Ho%C4%8Da" class="mw-redirect" title="Fight in Velika Hoča">Fight in Velika Hoča</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fight_on_%C4%8Celopek_(1906)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fight on Čelopek (1906) (page does not exist)">Fight on Čelopek (1906)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pirot_(1913)" title="Battle of Pirot (1913)">Battle of Pirot (1913)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Balkan_Wars" title="Balkan Wars">Balkan Wars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/First_Balkan_War" title="First Balkan War">First Balkan War</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kumanovo" title="Battle of Kumanovo">Battle of Kumanovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Prilep" title="Battle of Prilep">Battle of Prilep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Monastir" title="Battle of Monastir">Battle of Monastir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Scutari_(1912-1913)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Scutari (1912-1913)">Siege of Scutari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Adrianople_(1913)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Adrianople (1913)">Siege of Adrianople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Odrin_(1912%E2%80%931913)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Odrin (1912–1913)">Siege of Odrin (1912–1913)</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Second_Balkan_War" title="Second Balkan War">Second Balkan War</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bregalnica" title="Battle of Bregalnica">Battle of Bregalnica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kalimanci" title="Battle of Kalimanci">Battle of Kalimanci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Knja%C5%BEevac" title="Battle of Knjaževac">Battle of Knjaževac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Vidin_(1913)" title="Siege of Vidin (1913)">Siege of Vidin (1913)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohrid%E2%80%93Debar_uprising" title="Ohrid–Debar uprising">Ohrid–Debar uprising</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_campaign" title="Montenegrin campaign">Montenegrin campaign</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mojkovac" title="Battle of Mojkovac">Battle of Mojkovac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lov%C4%87en" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Lovćen">Battle of Lovćen</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Serbian_campaign" title="Serbian campaign">Serbian campaign</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cer" title="Battle of Cer">Battle of Cer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Crna_Bend_(1916)" title="Battle of the Crna Bend (1916)">Battle of the Crna Bend (1916)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bazargic" title="Battle of Bazargic">Battle of Bazargic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dobro_Pole" title="Battle of Dobro Pole">Battle of Dobro Pole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Drina" title="Battle of the Drina">Battle of the Drina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Florina" title="Battle of Florina">Battle of Florina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kaymakchalan" title="Battle of Kaymakchalan">Battle of Kaymakchalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kolubara" title="Battle of Kolubara">Battle of Kolubara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_offensive_(1915)" title="Kosovo offensive (1915)">Kosovo offensive (1915)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_Serbia,_Albania_and_Montenegro_(1918)" title="Liberation of Serbia, Albania and Montenegro (1918)">Liberation of Serbia, Albania and Montenegro (1918)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Malka_Nidzhe" title="Battle of Malka Nidzhe">Battle of Malka Nidzhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_front" title="Macedonian front">Macedonian front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastir_offensive" title="Monastir offensive">Monastir offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morava_Offensive" title="Morava Offensive">Morava Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ov%C4%8De_Pole_Offensive" title="Ovče Pole Offensive">Ovče Pole Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vardar_offensive" title="Vardar offensive">Vardar offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srem_Offensive" title="Srem Offensive">Srem Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toplica_Uprising" title="Toplica Uprising">Toplica Uprising</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Interwar_period" title="Interwar period">Interwar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austro-Slovene_conflict_in_Carinthia" title="Austro-Slovene conflict in Carinthia">Carinthia War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_for_the_National_Defence_of_Kosovo#Activity_in_Yugoslavia" title="Committee for the National Defence of Kosovo">Uprising in Drenica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Uprising" title="Christmas Uprising">Christmas Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_intervention_in_the_Russian_Civil_War" title="Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War">Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian-Yugoslav_Border_War_(1921)" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian-Yugoslav Border War (1921)">Albanian-Yugoslav Border War (1921)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azem_Galica#Resistance_against_Yugoslavia" title="Azem Galica">Drenica-Junik Uprising</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Yugoslavia" title="Invasion of Yugoslavia">Invasion of Yugoslavia</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Uprising_in_Serbia_(1941)" title="Uprising in Serbia (1941)">Uprising in Serbia (1941)</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uprising_in_Montenegro_(1941)" title="Uprising in Montenegro (1941)">Uprising in Montenegro (1941)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1941_uprising_in_eastern_Herzegovina" title="June 1941 uprising in eastern Herzegovina">June 1941 uprising in eastern Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Novi_Pazar" title="Battle of Novi Pazar">Battle of Novi Pazar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pljevlja" title="Battle of Pljevlja">Battle of Pljevlja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kozara" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Kozara">Battle of Kozara</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Loznica_(1941)" title="Battle of Loznica (1941)">Battle of Loznica (1941)</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Livno" title="Battle of Livno">Battle of Livno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Neretva" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Neretva">Battle of Neretva</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Sutjeska" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of the Sutjeska">Battle of the Sutjeska</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Drvar" class="mw-redirect" title="Raid on Drvar">Raid on Drvar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Knin" title="Battle of Knin">Battle of Knin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mostar" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Mostar">Battle of Mostar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lijev%C4%8De_Field" title="Battle of Lijevče Field">Battle of Lijevče Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_Montenegro_offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="1942 Montenegro offensive">1942 Montenegro offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biha%C4%87_Operation" class="mw-redirect" title="Bihać Operation">Bihać Operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Batina" title="Battle of Batina">Battle of Batina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgrade_Offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Belgrade Offensive">Belgrade Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Banja_Kovilja%C4%8Da" title="Capture of Banja Koviljača">Capture of Banja Koviljača</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Case_Black" title="Case Black">Case Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Case_White" title="Case White">Case White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Draufg%C3%A4nger" title="Operation Draufgänger">Operation Draufgänger</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kozara_Offensive" title="Kozara Offensive">Kozara Offensive</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kupres_(1942)" title="Battle of Kupres (1942)">Battle of Kupres (1942)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vi%C5%A1egrad" title="Battle of Višegrad">Battle of Višegrad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mostar_operation" title="Mostar operation">Mostar operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagykanizsa%E2%80%93K%C3%B6rmend_Offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagykanizsa–Körmend Offensive">Nagykanizsa–Körmend Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ni%C5%A1_operation" title="Niš operation">Niš operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Od%C5%BEak" title="Battle of Odžak">Battle of Odžak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Olovo_(1941)" title="Capture of Olovo (1941)">Capture of Olovo (1941)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Alfa" title="Operation Alfa">Operation Alfa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Delphin" title="Operation Delphin">Operation Delphin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Kopaonik" title="Operation Kopaonik">Operation Kopaonik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Kugelblitz" title="Operation Kugelblitz">Operation Kugelblitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Mihailovic" title="Operation Mihailovic">Operation Mihailovic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Southeast_Croatia" title="Operation Southeast Croatia">Operation Southeast Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Trio" title="Operation Trio">Operation Trio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Uzice" title="Operation Uzice">Operation Uzice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Poljana" title="Battle of Poljana">Battle of Poljana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Prijedor" title="Operation Prijedor">Operation Prijedor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Rogatica_(1941)" title="Siege of Rogatica (1941)">Siege of Rogatica (1941)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_R%C3%B6sselsprung_(1944)" title="Operation Rösselsprung (1944)">Operation Rösselsprung (1944)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Operation_(1944)" title="Kosovo Operation (1944)">Kosovo Operation (1944)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Spring_Awakening" title="Operation Spring Awakening">Operation Spring Awakening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srb_uprising" title="Srb uprising">Srb uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stratsin-Kumanovo_operation" class="mw-redirect" title="Stratsin-Kumanovo operation">Stratsin-Kumanovo operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrmian_Front" title="Syrmian Front">Syrmian Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zvornik" title="Battle of Zvornik">Battle of Zvornik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sarajevo_(1945)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Sarajevo (1945)">Battle of Sarajevo (1945)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zelengora" title="Battle of Zelengora">Battle of Zelengora</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;vertical-align:top;">Croatian War</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakrac_clash" title="Pakrac clash">Pakrac clash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plitvice_Lakes_incident" title="Plitvice Lakes incident">Plitvice Lakes incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Borovo_Selo" title="Battle of Borovo Selo">Battle of Borovo Selo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Stinger" title="Operation Stinger">Operation Stinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Yugoslav_campaign_in_Croatia" title="1991 Yugoslav campaign in Croatia">1991 Yugoslav campaign in Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Osijek" title="Battle of Osijek">Battle of Osijek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vukovar" title="Battle of Vukovar">Battle of Vukovar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gospi%C4%87" title="Battle of Gospić">Battle of Gospić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_%C5%A0ibenik" title="Battle of Šibenik">Battle of Šibenik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zadar" title="Battle of Zadar">Battle of Zadar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kusonje" title="Battle of Kusonje">Battle of Kusonje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Barracks" title="Battle of the Barracks">Battle of the Barracks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Vara%C5%BEdin_Barracks" title="Siege of Varaždin Barracks">Siege of Varaždin Barracks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Bjelovar_Barracks" title="Siege of Bjelovar Barracks">Siege of Bjelovar Barracks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Dalmatian_Channels" title="Battle of the Dalmatian Channels">Battle of the Dalmatian Channels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Dubrovnik" title="Siege of Dubrovnik">Siege of Dubrovnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Otkos_10" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Otkos 10">Operation Otkos 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Orkan_91" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Orkan 91">Operation Orkan 91</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Whirlwind" title="Operation Whirlwind">Operation Whirlwind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Baranja" title="Operation Baranja">Operation Baranja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Jackal" title="Operation Jackal">Operation Jackal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Miljevci_Plateau" title="Battle of the Miljevci Plateau">Battle of the Miljevci Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Tiger_(1992)" title="Operation Tiger (1992)">Operation Tiger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Maslenica" title="Operation Maslenica">Operation Maslenica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Medak_Pocket" title="Operation Medak Pocket">Operation Medak Pocket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Winter_%2794" title="Operation Winter '94">Operation Winter '94</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Flash" title="Operation Flash">Operation Flash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Summer_%2795" title="Operation Summer '95">Operation Summer '95</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Operation_Storm" title="Operation Storm">Operation Storm</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;vertical-align:top;">Bosnian War</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bosanski_Brod" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Bosanski Brod">Battle of Bosanski Brod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kupres_(1992)" title="Battle of Kupres (1992)">Battle of Kupres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sarajevo" title="Siege of Sarajevo">Siege of Sarajevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Srebrenica" title="Siege of Srebrenica">Siege of Srebrenica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Gora%C5%BEde" title="Siege of Goražde">Siege of Goražde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Doboj" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Doboj">Siege of Doboj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Jackal" title="Operation Jackal">Operation Jackal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Biha%C4%87_(1992%E2%80%9395)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Bihać (1992–95)">Siege of Bihać (1992–95)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Vrbas_%2792" title="Operation Vrbas '92">Operation Vrbas '92</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Corridor_92" title="Operation Corridor 92">Operation Corridor 92</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Bura" title="Operation Bura">Operation Bura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kravica_attack_(1993)" title="Kravica attack (1993)">Kravica attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Mostar" title="Siege of Mostar">Siege of Mostar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Irma" title="Operation Irma">Operation Irma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_B%C3%B8llebank" title="Operation Bøllebank">Operation Bøllebank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Tiger_(1994)" title="Operation Tiger (1994)">Operation Tiger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kupres_(1994)" title="Battle of Kupres (1994)">Battle of Kupres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Amanda" title="Operation Amanda">Operation Amanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Spider" title="Operation Spider">Operation Spider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Winter_%2794" title="Operation Winter '94">Operation Winter '94</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_Vla%C5%A1i%C4%87" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberation of Vlašić">Battle of Vlašić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Leap_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Leap 1">Operation Leap 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ora%C5%A1je" title="Battle of Orašje">Battle of Orašje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Leap_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Leap 2">Operation Leap 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Summer_%2795" title="Operation Summer '95">Operation Summer '95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vrbanja_Bridge" title="Battle of Vrbanja Bridge">Battle of Vrbanja Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vozu%C4%87a" title="Battle of Vozuća">Battle of Vozuća</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Miracle_(1995)" title="Operation Miracle (1995)">Operation Miracle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Mistral_2" title="Operation Mistral 2">Operation Mistral 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Sana" title="Operation Sana">Operation Sana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Una" title="Operation Una">Operation Una</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Southern_Move" title="Operation Southern Move">Operation Southern Move</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/NATO_intervention_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="NATO intervention in Bosnia and Herzegovina">NATO intervention in Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1995_Pale_air_strikes" title="1995 Pale air strikes">1995 Pale air strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Deny_Flight" title="Operation Deny Flight">Operation Deny Flight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Deliberate_Force" title="Operation Deliberate Force">Operation Deliberate Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Maritime_Monitor" title="Operation Maritime Monitor">Operation Maritime Monitor</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;vertical-align:top;">Kosovo War</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Kosovo_(1995%E2%80%931998)" title="Insurgency in Kosovo (1995–1998)">Insurgency in Kosovo</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian%E2%80%93Yugoslav_border_incident_(December_1998)" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian–Yugoslav border incident (December 1998)">Albanian–Yugoslav border incident (December 1998)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albania%E2%80%93Yugoslav_border_incident_(April_1999)" title="Albania–Yugoslav border incident (April 1999)">Albania–Yugoslav border incident (April 1999)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_23,_1998,_Albanian%E2%80%93Yugoslav_border_ambush" title="April 23, 1998, Albanian–Yugoslav border ambush">April 23, 1998, Albanian–Yugoslav border ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Orahovac" title="Attack on Orahovac">Attack on Orahovac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Prekaz" title="Attack on Prekaz">Attack on Prekaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lo%C4%91a" title="Battle of Lođa">Battle of Lođa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Oraovica" title="Battle of Oraovica">Battle of Oraovica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bela%C4%87evac_Mine" title="Battle of Belaćevac Mine">Battle of Belaćevac Mine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Podujevo" title="Battle of Podujevo">Battle of Podujevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_14,_1998,_Albanian%E2%80%93Yugoslav_border_ambush" title="December 14, 1998, Albanian–Yugoslav border ambush">December 14, 1998, Albanian–Yugoslav border ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Glo%C4%91ane" title="Battle of Glođane">Battle of Glođane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_18,_1998,_Albanian%E2%80%93Yugoslav_border_clashes" title="July 18, 1998, Albanian–Yugoslav border clashes">July 18, 1998, Albanian–Yugoslav border clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Junik" title="Battle of Junik">Battle of Junik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ko%C5%A1are" title="Battle of Košare">Battle of Košare</a></li> <li><b> <a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_the_Pre%C5%A1evo_Valley" title="Insurgency in the Preševo Valley">Insurgency in the Preševo Valley</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prizren_incident_(1999)" title="Prizren incident (1999)">Prizren incident (1999)</a></li> <li><b> <a href="/wiki/NATO_bombing_of_Yugoslavia" title="NATO bombing of Yugoslavia">NATO bombing of Yugoslavia</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dubrava_Prison_bombings_and_executions" title="Dubrava Prison bombings and executions">Dubrava Prison bombings and executions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_F-117A_shootdown" title="1999 F-117A shootdown">1999 F-117A shootdown</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">21st century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Peacekeeping" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Peacekeeping" title="Peacekeeping">Peacekeeping</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">DR Congo</a></li> <li><a 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