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University of Pavia - Wikipedia
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id="toc-Foundation_and_the_Middle_Ages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foundation_and_the_Middle_Ages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Foundation and the Middle Ages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foundation_and_the_Middle_Ages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Renaissance_and_Modern_Period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Renaissance_and_Modern_Period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Renaissance and Modern Period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Renaissance_and_Modern_Period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Organization</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Organization-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Organization subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Organization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Departments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Departments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Departments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Departments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Faculties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Faculties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Faculties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Faculties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Campus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Campus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Campus</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Campus-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Campus subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Campus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Palazzo_Centrale" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Palazzo_Centrale"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Palazzo Centrale</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Palazzo_Centrale-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Polo_Cravino" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Polo_Cravino"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Polo Cravino</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Polo_Cravino-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Museums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Museums</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Museums-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Museums subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Museums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-University_History_Museum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#University_History_Museum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>University History Museum</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-University_History_Museum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Museum_of_Electrical_Technology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museum_of_Electrical_Technology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Museum of Electrical Technology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museum_of_Electrical_Technology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Museum_of_Natural_History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museum_of_Natural_History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Museum of Natural History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museum_of_Natural_History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Museum_of_Archeology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museum_of_Archeology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Museum of Archeology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museum_of_Archeology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Museum_Camillo_Golgi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museum_Camillo_Golgi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Museum Camillo Golgi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museum_Camillo_Golgi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pavia_Botanical_Garden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pavia_Botanical_Garden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Pavia Botanical Garden</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pavia_Botanical_Garden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Museum_of_Mineralogy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museum_of_Mineralogy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>Museum of Mineralogy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museum_of_Mineralogy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Center_of_Manuscripts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Center_of_Manuscripts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.8</span> <span>Center of Manuscripts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Center_of_Manuscripts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_collections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_collections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.9</span> <span>Other collections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_collections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Academics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Academics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Academics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Academics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colleges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colleges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Colleges</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Colleges-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Colleges subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Colleges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-EDISU_public_colleges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#EDISU_public_colleges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>EDISU public colleges</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-EDISU_public_colleges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Private_and_public_colleges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Private_and_public_colleges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Private and public colleges</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Private_and_public_colleges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_alumni_and_academics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_alumni_and_academics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notable alumni and academics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_alumni_and_academics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honorary_degrees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honorary_degrees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Honorary degrees</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honorary_degrees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medaglia_teresiana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medaglia_teresiana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Medaglia teresiana</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medaglia_teresiana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">University of Pavia</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 38 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-38" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">38 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="جامعة بافيا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جامعة بافيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pavia_Universiteti" title="Pavia Universiteti – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Pavia Universiteti" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85%E2%80%8C%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88" title="پاویا بیلیمیوردو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پاویا بیلیمیوردو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%82" title="Павійскі ўніверсітэт – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Павійскі ўніверсітэт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitat_de_Pavia" title="Universitat de Pavia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Universitat de Pavia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universita_di_Pavia" title="Universita di Pavia – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Universita di Pavia" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Univerzita_v_Pavii" title="Univerzita v Pavii – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Univerzita v Pavii" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A4t_Pavia" title="Universität Pavia – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Universität Pavia" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pavia_%C3%9Clikool" title="Pavia Ülikool – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Pavia Ülikool" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AE%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%B2%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Πανεπιστήμιο της Παβίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πανεπιστήμιο της Παβίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universidad_de_Pav%C3%ADa" title="Universidad de Pavía – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Universidad de Pavía" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitato_de_Pavio" title="Universitato de Pavio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Universitato de Pavio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paviako_Unibertsitatea" title="Paviako Unibertsitatea – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Paviako Unibertsitatea" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="دانشگاه پاویا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دانشگاه پاویا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_de_Pavie" title="Université de Pavie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Université de Pavie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EB%B9%84%EC%95%84_%EB%8C%80%ED%95%99%EA%B5%90" title="파비아 대학교 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="파비아 대학교" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%BD%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Պավիայի համալսարան – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պավիայի համալսարան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitas_Pavia" title="Universitas Pavia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Universitas Pavia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_degli_Studi_di_Pavia" title="Università degli Studi di Pavia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Università degli Studi di Pavia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%98%D7%AA_%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%91%D7%99%D7%94" title="אוניברסיטת פאביה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אוניברסיטת פאביה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitas_Ticinensis" title="Universitas Ticinensis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Universitas Ticinensis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_di_Studi_de_Pavia" title="Università di Studi de Pavia – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Università di Studi de Pavia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Универзитет во Павија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Универзитет во Павија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="جامعة بافيا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جامعة بافيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universiteit_van_Pavia" title="Universiteit van Pavia – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Universiteit van Pavia" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%91%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A3%E3%82%A2%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="パヴィア大学 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="パヴィア大学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniwersytet_w_Pawii" title="Uniwersytet w Pawii – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Uniwersytet w Pawii" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universidade_de_Pavia" title="Universidade de Pavia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Universidade de Pavia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitatea_din_Pavia" title="Universitatea din Pavia – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Universitatea din Pavia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Павийский университет – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Павийский университет" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82_%D1%83_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B8" title="Универзитет у Павији – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Универзитет у Павији" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitetet_i_Pavia" title="Universitetet i Pavia – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Universitetet i Pavia" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unibersidad_ng_Pavia" title="Unibersidad ng Pavia – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Unibersidad ng Pavia" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B3%D0%BE%D2%B3%D0%B8_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%91" title="Донишгоҳи Повиё – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Донишгоҳи Повиё" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pavia_%C3%9Cniversitesi" title="Pavia Üniversitesi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Pavia Üniversitesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Павійський університет – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Павійський університет" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_h%E1%BB%8Dc_Pavia" title="Đại học Pavia – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đại học Pavia" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="帕维亚大学 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="帕维亚大学" data-language-autonym="中文" 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id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=University_of_Pavia&params=45_11_12_N_9_9_23_E_region:IT-PV_scale:500_dim:2000_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">45°11′12″N</span> <span class="longitude">9°9′23″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">45.18667°N 9.15639°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">45.18667; 9.15639</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Public university in Pavia, Italy</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">University of Pavia</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="nickname">Università di Pavia</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_UNIPV.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Logo_UNIPV.svg/150px-Logo_UNIPV.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Logo_UNIPV.svg/225px-Logo_UNIPV.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Logo_UNIPV.svg/300px-Logo_UNIPV.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1092" data-file-height="799" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Seal_(emblem)" title="Seal (emblem)">Seal</a> of the University of Pavia</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data nickname"><a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Alma Ticinensis Universitas</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Public_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Public University">Public</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">13 April 1361<span class="noprint">; 663 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1361-04-13</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Rector_(academia)" title="Rector (academia)">Rector</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Svelto" title="Francesco Svelto">Francesco Svelto</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Academic staff</div></th><td class="infobox-data">981</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Students</th><td class="infobox-data">23,849</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Undergraduate_education" title="Undergraduate education">Undergraduates</a></th><td class="infobox-data">11,983</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Postgraduate_education" title="Postgraduate education">Postgraduates</a></th><td class="infobox-data">9,366</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div style="display:inline" class="locality"><a href="/wiki/Pavia" title="Pavia">Pavia</a></div>, <div style="display:inline" class="country-name"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></div><br /><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=University_of_Pavia&params=45_11_12_N_9_9_23_E_region:IT-PV_scale:500_dim:2000_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">45°11′12″N</span> <span class="longitude">9°9′23″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">45.18667°N 9.15639°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">45.18667; 9.15639</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Campus</th><td class="infobox-data">Urban/University town</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/School_colors" title="School colors">Colors</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ceab12; color:black;"> </span> Pavia Yellow</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Coimbra_Group" title="Coimbra Group">Coimbra Group</a>, <a href="/wiki/European_University_Association" title="European University Association">EUA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Netval_Research_Universities_Network" title="Netval Research Universities Network">Netval</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unipv.eu">unipv<wbr />.eu</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>University of Pavia</b> (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">Università degli Studi di Pavia</i>, <b>UNIPV</b> or <i>Università di Pavia</i>; <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Alma <a href="/wiki/Ticinus" class="mw-redirect" title="Ticinus">Ticinensis</a> Universitas</i>) is a university located in <a href="/wiki/Pavia" title="Pavia">Pavia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lombardy" title="Lombardy">Lombardy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>. There was evidence of teaching as early as 1361, making it one of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_oldest_universities_in_continuous_operation" title="List of oldest universities in continuous operation">oldest universities</a> in the world. It was the sole university in <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a> and the greater <a href="/wiki/Lombardy" title="Lombardy">Lombardy</a> region until the end of the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2022 the university was recognized by the <a href="/wiki/Times_Higher_Education_World_University_Rankings" title="Times Higher Education World University Rankings">Times Higher Education</a> among the top 10 in Italy and among the 300 best in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Currently, it has 18 departments and 9 faculties. It does not have a main campus; its buildings and facilities are scattered around the city, which is in turn called "a city campus." The university caters to more than 20,000 students who come from Italy and all over the world. </p><p>The university offers more than 80 undergraduate programs; over 40 master programs, and roughly 20 doctoral programs (including 8 in English).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> About 1,500 students who enter the university every year are international students.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The university operates multiple cultural and scientific museums, including the <a href="/wiki/University_History_Museum,_University_of_Pavia" title="University History Museum, University of Pavia">University History Museum</a>, a botanical garden, research centers, university libraries and a university press. The university is also affiliated with <a href="/wiki/Policlinico_San_Matteo" title="Policlinico San Matteo">Policlinico San Matteo</a>, at which hundreds of medical students from the university perform <a href="/wiki/Clinical_clerkship" title="Clinical clerkship">clinical rotations</a> during their clinical years. </p><p>The University of Pavia is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Coimbra_Group" title="Coimbra Group">COIMBRA Group</a> and <a href="/wiki/European_University_Association" title="European University Association">European University Association</a>. It also participates in the <a href="/wiki/Erasmus_Programme" title="Erasmus Programme">Erasmus Programme</a>, which allows student exchanges between the University of Pavia and various universities in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pavia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foundation_and_the_Middle_Ages">Foundation and the Middle Ages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pavia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Foundation and the Middle Ages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An edict issued by the <a href="/wiki/Franks" title="Franks">Frankish</a> <a href="/wiki/King_of_Italy" title="King of Italy">king of Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lothar_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Lothar I">Lothar I</a> (ruled 818–55) mentions the existence of a higher education institution at <a href="/wiki/Pavia" title="Pavia">Pavia</a> as early as AD 825.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This institution, mainly devoted to ecclesiastical and civil law as well as to divinity studies, was then selected as the prime educational centre for <a href="/wiki/Northern_Italy" title="Northern Italy">northern Italy</a>. </p><p>In 1361, the institution was officially established as a <i><a href="/wiki/Studium_generale" title="Studium generale">studium generale</a></i> by the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Roman emperor">Holy Roman emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Charles_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles IV</a>, who granted the same teaching privileges enjoyed by the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Paris" title="University of Paris">University of Paris</a> and <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bologna" title="University of Bologna">Bologna</a>, allowing the institution to teach canon and civil law, philosophy, medicine and liberal arts. It was then expanded and renovated by the duke of <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gian_Galeazzo_Visconti" title="Gian Galeazzo Visconti">Gian Galeazzo Visconti</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> becoming the sole university in the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Milan" title="Duchy of Milan">Duchy of Milan</a> until the end of the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gian Galeazzo worked tirelessly to consolidate the institution and in 1389, he obtained a permission from <a href="/wiki/Pope_Boniface_IX" title="Pope Boniface IX">Pope Boniface IX</a> to teach advanced theology courses.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Baldo_degli_ubaldi11.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Baldo_degli_ubaldi11.jpg/220px-Baldo_degli_ubaldi11.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Baldo_degli_ubaldi11.jpg/330px-Baldo_degli_ubaldi11.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Baldo_degli_ubaldi11.jpg/440px-Baldo_degli_ubaldi11.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2032" data-file-height="2717" /></a><figcaption>Funerary slab of <a href="/wiki/Baldus_de_Ubaldis" title="Baldus de Ubaldis">Baldus de Ubaldis</a> (first half of the 15th century), <a href="/wiki/Old_Campus_of_the_University_of_Pavia" title="Old Campus of the University of Pavia">Old Campus of the University of Pavia</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>It was divided into two distinct universities — of jurisprudence (teaching civil and canon law courses) and of arts (teaching medicine, philosophy and liberal arts courses). A rector was elected every year, normally a student who was over twenty years old.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The institution offered bachelor, licentiate and doctoral degrees. Despite the politics and hardships due to wars and pestilence, it experienced great growth and the institution was considered to be prestigious as evidenced by the influx of foreign students at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1412, <a href="/wiki/Filippo_Maria_Visconti" title="Filippo Maria Visconti">Filippo Maria Visconti</a> further consolidated the universities, invited prominent scholars to teach there and declared an edict giving serious penalties aimed at preventing students from going elsewhere to study. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Renaissance_and_Modern_Period">Renaissance and Modern Period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pavia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Renaissance and Modern Period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Towards the 15th century, prominent teachers such as <a href="/wiki/Baldus_de_Ubaldis" title="Baldus de Ubaldis">Baldo degli Ubaldi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Valla" title="Lorenzo Valla">Lorenzo Valla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giasone_del_Maino" title="Giasone del Maino">Giasone del Maino</a> taught students in the fields of law, philosophy and literary studies. In the same years, Elia di Sabato da Fermo, personal doctor of <a href="/wiki/Filippo_Maria_Visconti" title="Filippo Maria Visconti">Filippo Maria Visconti</a>, was the first professor of medicine of the Jewish religion at a European university, while from 1490 a teaching of Hebrew was established at the university.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Not many years later, probably in 1511, <a href="/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci" title="Leonardo da Vinci">Leonardo da Vinci</a> studied anatomy together with <a href="/wiki/Marcantonio_della_Torre" title="Marcantonio della Torre">Marcantonio della Torre</a>, professor of anatomy at the university.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the ongoing <a href="/wiki/Italian_War_of_1521%E2%80%9326" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian War of 1521–26">Italian War of 1521-6</a>, the authorities in Pavia were forced to close the university in 1524.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, during the 16th century, after the university was re-opened, scholars and scientists such as <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Alciato" title="Andrea Alciato">Andrea Alciato</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gerolamo_Cardano" title="Gerolamo Cardano">Gerolamo Cardano</a> taught here. During the period in which the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Milan" title="Duchy of Milan">duchy of Milan</a> was governed by the kings of Spain, the research and educational activities of the university stagnated, but there were still prominent scholars such as <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Girolamo_Saccheri" title="Giovanni Girolamo Saccheri">Gerolamo Saccheri</a> who was still involved with the university.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The rebirth of the university was, in part, due to the initiatives led by <a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa" title="Maria Theresa">Maria Theresa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joseph_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor">Joseph II</a> of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">House of Austria</a>, in the second half of the 18th century. The initiatives included massive renovations to the teaching programs, research and structure rehabilitations, which were still retained by the university until now.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Universit%C3%A0_pavia8.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Universit%C3%A0_pavia8.jpg/220px-Universit%C3%A0_pavia8.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Universit%C3%A0_pavia8.jpg/330px-Universit%C3%A0_pavia8.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Universit%C3%A0_pavia8.jpg/440px-Universit%C3%A0_pavia8.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Old_Campus_of_the_University_of_Pavia" title="Old Campus of the University of Pavia">Old Campus of the University of Pavia</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Throughout its history, the university had benefited from the presence of many distinguished teachers and scientists who wrote celebrated works and made important discoveries — chemist <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Valentino_Brugnatelli" title="Luigi Valentino Brugnatelli">Luigi Valentino Brugnatelli</a>, mathematician <a href="/wiki/Girolamo_Cardano" class="mw-redirect" title="Girolamo Cardano">Girolamo Cardano</a> (born in Pavia, 1501–76), physicist <a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Volta" title="Alessandro Volta">Alessandro Volta</a> (chair of natural philosophy 1769–1804), poet <a href="/wiki/Ugo_Foscolo" title="Ugo Foscolo">Ugo Foscolo</a> (chair of eloquence 1809–10), playwright <a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_Monti" title="Vincenzo Monti">Vincenzo Monti</a>, jurist <a href="/wiki/Gian_Domenico_Romagnosi" title="Gian Domenico Romagnosi">Gian Domenico Romagnosi</a>, naturalist <a href="/wiki/Lazzaro_Spallanzani" title="Lazzaro Spallanzani">Lazzaro Spallanzani</a>, mathematician <a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Mascheroni" title="Lorenzo Mascheroni">Lorenzo Mascheroni</a> and anatomist <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Scarpa" title="Antonio Scarpa">Antonio Scarpa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1858, the university was the scene of intense student protests against <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austrian</a> rule in northern Italy (through the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Lombardy%E2%80%93Venetia" title="Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia">kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia</a>). The authorities responded by ordering the university's temporary closure. The incidents at Pavia were typical of the wave of nationalist demonstrations all over Italy that immediately preceded the <a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Italy" title="Unification of Italy">Unification</a> (1859–66).<sup id="cite_ref-:3_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the 19th century, the medical, natural science and mathematics schools were graced by prominent scientists who propelled the status of the university to new heights. Three <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a> winners taught in Pavia — physician <a href="/wiki/Camillo_Golgi" title="Camillo Golgi">Camillo Golgi</a> (at Pavia from 1861), who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology in 1906 for his studies on the structure of the nervous system, chemist <a href="/wiki/Giulio_Natta" title="Giulio Natta">Giulio Natta</a> (at Pavia between 1933 and 1935) and physicist <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Rubbia" title="Carlo Rubbia">Carlo Rubbia</a>. In addition, distinguished mathematicians <a href="/wiki/Eugenio_Beltrami" title="Eugenio Beltrami">Eugenio Beltrami</a>, <a href="/wiki/Felice_Casorati_(mathematician)" title="Felice Casorati (mathematician)">Felice Casorati</a> and <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Berzolari" title="Luigi Berzolari">Luigi Berzolari</a> were regular teachers in Pavia. It was also in the University of Pavia, in 1912, <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Forlanini" title="Carlo Forlanini">Carlo Forlanini</a> discovered the first successful cure for <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a> — <a href="/wiki/Pneumothorax" title="Pneumothorax">artificial pneumothorax</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1960s, the Faculty of Economics and Commerce as well as Engineering were added to the current lineup of faculties. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Biblioteca_universitaria_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Biblioteca_universitaria_%281%29.jpg/220px-Biblioteca_universitaria_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Biblioteca_universitaria_%281%29.jpg/330px-Biblioteca_universitaria_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Biblioteca_universitaria_%281%29.jpg/440px-Biblioteca_universitaria_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="969" data-file-height="673" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Piermarini" title="Giuseppe Piermarini">Giuseppe Piermarini</a>, the library, 1772.</figcaption></figure> <p>During the 20th century, teaching and research activities were carried out by additional prominent scholars such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasquale_Del_Giudice&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pasquale Del Giudice (page does not exist)">Pasquale Del Giudice</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arrigo_Solmi" title="Arrigo Solmi">Arrigo Solmi</a> for law history; <a href="/wiki/Contardo_Ferrini" title="Contardo Ferrini">Contardo Ferrini</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pietro_Bonfante&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pietro Bonfante (page does not exist)">Pietro Bonfante</a> for Roman law; <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Cossa" title="Luigi Cossa">Luigi Cossa</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Benvenuto_Griziotti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Benvenuto Griziotti (page does not exist)">Benvenuto Griziotti</a> for economy, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giacinto_Romano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giacinto Romano (page does not exist)">Giacinto Romano</a> for medieval and modern history and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plinio_Fraccaro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plinio Fraccaro (page does not exist)">Plinio Fraccaro</a> for ancient history.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Also critical to the university's reputation was its distinguished record of public education, epitomized by the establishment of private and public colleges. The oldest colleges, the <a href="/wiki/Collegio_Borromeo" title="Collegio Borromeo">Collegio Borromeo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Collegio_Ghislieri" class="mw-redirect" title="Collegio Ghislieri">Collegio Ghislieri</a>, were built in the 16th century, and in more recent times others were founded through both public and private initiatives — the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Collegio_Nuovo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Collegio Nuovo (page does not exist)">Collegio Nuovo</a>, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Collegio_Santa_Caterina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Collegio Santa Caterina (page does not exist)">Collegio Santa Caterina</a> and the other eleven colleges managed by <a href="/w/index.php?title=EDiSU&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EDiSU (page does not exist)">EDiSU</a>. In 1997 the <a href="/wiki/IUSS_Pavia" class="mw-redirect" title="IUSS Pavia">IUSS</a>, was established, a Higher Learning Institution (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">Istituto Universitario di Studi Superiori</i>) similar to the Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Superiore Sant'Anna in Pisa. The IUSS is the federal body that links the colleges of Pavia which constitute the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pavia_University_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pavia University System (page does not exist)">Pavia University System</a>. </p><p>Today, the university continues to offer a wide variety of disciplinary and inter-disciplinary teaching. Research is carried out in departments, institutes, clinics, centres and laboratories, in close association with public and private institutions, enterprises, and factories. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organization">Organization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pavia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Organization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The university has eighteen departments and nine faculties.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Departments">Departments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pavia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Departments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Department of Clinical Surgery, Diagnostics and Pediatrics</li> <li>Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapy</li> <li>Department of Molecular Medicine</li> <li>Department of Public Health and Forensic Medicine</li> <li>Department of Neuroscience</li> <li>Department of <a href="/wiki/Pharmacy" title="Pharmacy">Pharmacy</a></li> <li>Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani"</li> <li>Department of Chemistry</li> <li>Department of Mathematics</li> <li>Department of Physics</li> <li>Department of Earth and <a href="/wiki/Environmental_science" title="Environmental science">Environmental Sciences</a></li> <li>Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture</li> <li>Department of Industrial and Information Engineering</li> <li>Department of <a href="/wiki/Economics" title="Economics">Economics</a> and Management</li> <li>Department of <a href="/wiki/Law" title="Law">Law</a></li> <li>Department of Political and Social Sciences</li> <li>Department of <a href="/wiki/Humanities" title="Humanities">Humanities</a></li> <li>Department of <a href="/wiki/Musicology" title="Musicology">Musicology</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Faculties">Faculties</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pavia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Faculties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Faculty of Engineering</li> <li>Faculty of Medicine and Surgery</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Campus">Campus</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pavia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Campus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city of Pavia is essentially a city campus, so the campus buildings are located all around the city. The campuses for Faculty of Political Science and Law are located at <a href="/wiki/Old_Campus_of_the_University_of_Pavia" title="Old Campus of the University of Pavia">Old Campus</a> at Via Strada Nuova, near <a href="/wiki/Pavia_Cathedral" title="Pavia Cathedral">Pavia Cathedral</a>. The campuses for Faculty of Engineering, Pharmacy, Mathematics, Physics and Natural Sciences are located at Via Ferrata, about 3 km away from the city center, in a building complex called Polo Cravino.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The campuses for Faculty of Economics, Department of Psychology and Department of Philosophy are located at the <a href="/wiki/Monastery_of_San_Felice" title="Monastery of San Felice">Monastery of San Felice</a>. The campus for Department of Musicology is located at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palazzo_Raimondi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palazzo Raimondi (page does not exist)">Palazzo Raimondi</a>, Cremona. The campuses for Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine and Surgery are located at Via Forlanini and Via Taramelli, near <a href="/wiki/Policlinico_San_Matteo" title="Policlinico San Matteo">Policlinico San Matteo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Universit%C3%A0_pavia7.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Universit%C3%A0_pavia7.jpg/220px-Universit%C3%A0_pavia7.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Universit%C3%A0_pavia7.jpg/330px-Universit%C3%A0_pavia7.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Universit%C3%A0_pavia7.jpg/440px-Universit%C3%A0_pavia7.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Piermarini" title="Giuseppe Piermarini">Giuseppe Piermarini</a>, facade of the university, 1771-1773.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aula_Scarpa_Universit%C3%A0_di_Pavia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Aula_Scarpa_Universit%C3%A0_di_Pavia.jpg/220px-Aula_Scarpa_Universit%C3%A0_di_Pavia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Aula_Scarpa_Universit%C3%A0_di_Pavia.jpg/330px-Aula_Scarpa_Universit%C3%A0_di_Pavia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Aula_Scarpa_Universit%C3%A0_di_Pavia.jpg/440px-Aula_Scarpa_Universit%C3%A0_di_Pavia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="682" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Leopoldo_Pollack" title="Leopoldo Pollack">Leopoldo Pollack</a>, Aula Scarpa, 1785-1786.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aula_volta_pavia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Aula_volta_pavia.jpg/220px-Aula_volta_pavia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Aula_volta_pavia.jpg/330px-Aula_volta_pavia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Aula_volta_pavia.jpg/440px-Aula_volta_pavia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="918" data-file-height="673" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Leopoldo_Pollack" title="Leopoldo Pollack">Leopoldo Pollack</a>, Aula Volta, 1787.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Palazzo_Centrale">Palazzo Centrale</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pavia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Palazzo Centrale"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Old_Campus_of_the_University_of_Pavia" title="Old Campus of the University of Pavia">Old Campus of the University of Pavia</a></div> <p>The entrance to the <a href="/wiki/Old_Campus_of_the_University_of_Pavia" title="Old Campus of the University of Pavia">Old Campus</a>, which hosts the Faculty of Political Science and Law, is located at Via Strada Nuova. The palace has 9 courtyards — Cortile dei Caduti, Cortile di Volta, Cortile delle Statue, Cortile di Atilia Secundina, Cortile del Miliario, Cortile delle Magnolie, Cortile dei Tassi, Cortile Sforzesco, Cortile Teresiano. The palace also hosts more than 40 lecture theatres,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including 8 lecture theatres for Faculty of Law and 10 lecture theatres for the Faculty of Political Science. The largest lecture theatre in the university is called Aula Magna, where inauguration ceremonies for graduations, white coat ceremonies and conferment of Medaglio Teresiana are held. </p><p>The palace dates back all the way to the 15th century. Originally, lessons by the university were held in private houses, in convents which provide suitable premises or in the same place as the municipal building. At the end of the 15th century, <a href="/wiki/Ludovico_Sforza" title="Ludovico Sforza">Ludovico il Moro</a> assigned a building in Strada Nuova that belonged to <a href="/wiki/Azzone_Visconti" title="Azzone Visconti">Azzone Visconti</a> to the university. Between 1661 and 1671, a major renovation was carried out under the guidance of the architect <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ambrogio_Pessina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ambrogio Pessina (page does not exist)">Ambrogio Pessina</a>. During the 18th century, <a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa" title="Maria Theresa">Maria Theresa</a> of <a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">Austria</a> wanted to make some improvements both to the education system and the building, thus she assigned the architect <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Piermarini" title="Giuseppe Piermarini">Giuseppe Piermarini</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leopoldo_Pollack" title="Leopoldo Pollack">Leopoldo Pollack</a> to oversee the renovations. Giuseppe Piermarini was in charge of the building facade and the courtyards, while Leopoldo Pollack was in charge of the lecture halls.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the 19th century, the university also incorporated the former monastery of Leano, which was donated by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor">Joseph II of Lorena Habsburg</a> and expanded to Via Mentana, these works were entrusted to the architect Giuseppe Marchesi, who also constructed the Aula Magna. </p><p>In 1932, the university acquired a vast 15th century complex which belonged to <a href="/wiki/Policlinico_San_Matteo" title="Policlinico San Matteo">San Matteo Hospital</a>, thus completing its expansion. This complex now houses the Department of Molecular Medicine, which is in charge of the health courses. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sede_di_Ingegneria_Universit%C3%A0_di_Pavia_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Sede_di_Ingegneria_Universit%C3%A0_di_Pavia_2.jpg/220px-Sede_di_Ingegneria_Universit%C3%A0_di_Pavia_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Sede_di_Ingegneria_Universit%C3%A0_di_Pavia_2.jpg/330px-Sede_di_Ingegneria_Universit%C3%A0_di_Pavia_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Sede_di_Ingegneria_Universit%C3%A0_di_Pavia_2.jpg/440px-Sede_di_Ingegneria_Universit%C3%A0_di_Pavia_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>Polo Nave, Faculty of Engineering in Polo Cravino Complex</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Polo_Cravino">Polo Cravino</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pavia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Polo Cravino"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The land where Polo Cravino was built was purchased by the university at end of 1960. The complex was designed by an architect <a href="/wiki/Giancarlo_De_Carlo" title="Giancarlo De Carlo">Giancarlo De Carlo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1980, the buildings for Faculty of Engineering, Department of Genetics, lecture halls, laboratories as well as a complex for Institute of Molecular Genetics, under the National Research Council<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> were completed. In 1990, buildings for Department of Mathematics, Department of Earth and Environmental Science and a Computer Center were added. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Museums">Museums</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pavia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Museums"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The university also manages multiple points of interest:<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pila_di_volta.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Pila_di_volta.jpg/220px-Pila_di_volta.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Pila_di_volta.jpg/330px-Pila_di_volta.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Pila_di_volta.jpg/440px-Pila_di_volta.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="741" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Voltaic_pile" title="Voltaic pile">Voltaic pile</a>, University History Museum of the University of Pavia.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="University_History_Museum">University History Museum</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pavia&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: University History Museum"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/University_History_Museum,_University_of_Pavia" title="University History Museum, University of Pavia">University History Museum, University of Pavia</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/University_History_Museum,_University_of_Pavia" title="University History Museum, University of Pavia">University History Museum</a> (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">Museo per la Storia dell'Università</i>) hosts a large number of scientific instruments, anatomical and pathological preparations and samples, historical documents and volumes which are part of the university's history. The museum collection includes <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Scarpa" title="Antonio Scarpa">Antonio Scarpa's</a> preserved dismembered head.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to Scarpa's head,<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the museum also displays his kidneys and four of his fingers. Other anatomical samples include the aneurysm that killed mathematician <a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_Brunacci" title="Vincenzo Brunacci">Vincenzo Brunacci</a> in 1818, the bladder of naturalist <a href="/wiki/Lazzaro_Spallanzani" title="Lazzaro Spallanzani">Lazzaro Spallanzani</a>, who died of kidney cancer in 1799 as well as a plaster cast of <a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Volta" title="Alessandro Volta">Alessandro Volta's</a> unusually large skull.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museum_of_Electrical_Technology">Museum of Electrical Technology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pavia&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Museum of Electrical Technology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Museum of Electrical Technology (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">Museo della Tecnica Elettrica</i>) is intended as a permanent tribute to Alessandro Volta. It has an area of 5,000 sqm, with 3,200 sqm reserved for visitors.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> It is divided into 5 sections, each section represents a different era of advancements in field of electricity and electronics.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The museum hosts over 4,000 pieces in its collections, including 300 pieces from the Enel collection, 3,028 pieces from the Sirti collection<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and over 1,000 pieces from the university's own collection.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The collection contains devices such as <a href="/wiki/Radiotelephone" title="Radiotelephone">radiotelephones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Power_supply" title="Power supply">power supplies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amplifiers" class="mw-redirect" title="Amplifiers">amplifiers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horn_loudspeaker" title="Horn loudspeaker">horn loudspeakers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electrical_telegraph" title="Electrical telegraph">morse telegraphs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Transmitter" title="Transmitter">radio transmitters</a> and <a href="/wiki/Radio_receiver" title="Radio receiver">receivers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2017, the museum implemented a 3D tactile map for the blind and disabled.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The museum also organizes exhibitions and projects with primary and secondary schools.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kosmos_(Pavia)_rinoceronte.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Kosmos_%28Pavia%29_rinoceronte.jpg/220px-Kosmos_%28Pavia%29_rinoceronte.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Kosmos_%28Pavia%29_rinoceronte.jpg/330px-Kosmos_%28Pavia%29_rinoceronte.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Kosmos_%28Pavia%29_rinoceronte.jpg/440px-Kosmos_%28Pavia%29_rinoceronte.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6240" data-file-height="4160" /></a><figcaption>A selection of preserved animal specimens in the <a href="/wiki/Natural_History_Museum,_Pavia" title="Natural History Museum, Pavia">Natural History Museum, Pavia</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museum_of_Natural_History">Museum of Natural History</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pavia&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Museum of Natural History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Natural_History_Museum,_Pavia" title="Natural History Museum, Pavia">Natural History Museum, Pavia</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Natural_History_Museum,_Pavia" title="Natural History Museum, Pavia">Museum of Natural History</a> (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">Museo di Storia Naturale</i>) dates back to 1769 when Lazzaro Spallanzani became professor on Natural History at the University of Pavia. The museum is divided into three sections — Comparative Anatomy, Zoology and Geopaleontology. The museum is currently located in <a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Botta_Adorno" title="Palazzo Botta Adorno">Palazzo Botta Adorno</a>. </p><p>The museum hosts multiple collections including: </p> <ul><li>the Spallanzani collection<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which contains preserved specimens of the Nile crocodile (<i><a href="/wiki/Nile_crocodile" title="Nile crocodile">Crocodylus niloticus</a></i>), hippopotamus (<i><a href="/wiki/Hippopotamus" title="Hippopotamus">Hippopotamus amphibius</a></i>), short-finned mako shark (<i><a href="/wiki/Shortfin_mako_shark" title="Shortfin mako shark">Isurus oxyrhynchus</a></i>), bottlenose dolphin (<i><a href="/wiki/Common_bottlenose_dolphin" title="Common bottlenose dolphin">Tursiops truncatus</a></i>), and small orangutan (<i><a href="/wiki/Bornean_orangutan" title="Bornean orangutan">Pongo pygmaeus</a></i>).</li> <li>the Zoology collection<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which contains over 5,000 specimens of vertebrates and invertebrates.</li> <li>the Geopaleontology collection<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which contains over 30,000 fossil specimens, which date back the <a href="/wiki/Pliocene" title="Pliocene">Pliocene</a> and <a href="/wiki/Miocene" title="Miocene">Miocene</a> eras. The collections also includes 5,000 rocks and minerals and 65 slabs of fish from Bolca deposit.</li> <li>the Comparative Anatomy collection<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which contains more than 5,000 artifacts including skeletons, specimens and anatomical preparations of mainly vertebrates including an elephant,<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which underwent restoration in 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Museo_Archeologia_Universit%C3%A0_di_Pavia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Museo_Archeologia_Universit%C3%A0_di_Pavia.jpg/220px-Museo_Archeologia_Universit%C3%A0_di_Pavia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Museo_Archeologia_Universit%C3%A0_di_Pavia.jpg/330px-Museo_Archeologia_Universit%C3%A0_di_Pavia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Museo_Archeologia_Universit%C3%A0_di_Pavia.jpg/440px-Museo_Archeologia_Universit%C3%A0_di_Pavia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1541" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Archeology_of_the_University_of_Pavia" title="Museum of Archeology of the University of Pavia">Museum of Archeology</a>, University of Pavia</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museum_of_Archeology">Museum of Archeology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pavia&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Museum of Archeology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Archeology_of_the_University_of_Pavia" title="Museum of Archeology of the University of Pavia">Museum of Archeology of the University of Pavia</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Archeology_of_the_University_of_Pavia" title="Museum of Archeology of the University of Pavia">Museum of Archeology</a> (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">Museo di Archeologia</i>) had its first collection funded by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pietro_Vittorio_Aldini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pietro Vittorio Aldini (page does not exist)">Pietro Vittorio Aldini</a> in 1819 for education purposes. Now, it houses different collections such as engraved coins and gems from the late Roman empire, Celtic and Byzantine eras, potteries, figurines dating back to 2000 BC and a pair of mummies.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museum_Camillo_Golgi">Museum Camillo Golgi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pavia&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Museum Camillo Golgi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Museum Camillo Golgi (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">Museo Camillo Golgi</i>) was built in honor of <a href="/wiki/Camillo_Golgi" title="Camillo Golgi">Camillo Golgi</a> and his most important discoveries, the <a href="/wiki/Golgi%27s_method" title="Golgi's method">black reaction</a> to visualize <a href="/wiki/Neuron" title="Neuron">neurons</a><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as his studies on <a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">malaria</a>. The museum hosts a collection of his scientific publications and instruments used such as <a href="/wiki/Syringe" title="Syringe">syringes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microtome" title="Microtome">microtomes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microscope" title="Microscope">microscopes</a>, original photographic plates of histological preparations, all dating back to the 1900s.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The museum was set in the same building where he conducted most of his experiments via the Institute of General Pathology.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Museo_golgi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Museo_golgi.jpg/220px-Museo_golgi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Museo_golgi.jpg/330px-Museo_golgi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Museo_golgi.jpg/440px-Museo_golgi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="835" data-file-height="469" /></a><figcaption>Museum Camillo Golgi, the laboratory, with the original tools, used by <a href="/wiki/Camillo_Golgi" title="Camillo Golgi">Camillo Golgi</a> and his students</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pavia_Botanical_Garden">Pavia Botanical Garden</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pavia&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Pavia Botanical Garden"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Orto_Botanico_dell%27Universit%C3%A0_di_Pavia" title="Orto Botanico dell'Università di Pavia">Orto Botanico dell'Università di Pavia</a></div> <p>The Pavia Botanical Garden (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">Orto Botanico</i>), which was established at the end of the 18th century, covers an area of 2 hectares.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The botanical gardens host a seed and herbarium bank at its educational center, Bosco Siro Negri Park Reserve.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The garden hosts a variety of plant collections including <a href="/wiki/Rose" title="Rose">roses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orchidaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Orchidaceae">orchids</a> as well as other plant species native to <a href="/wiki/Lombardy" title="Lombardy">Lombardy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:OrtoBotanicoPavia-GiuseppeGregorelli-005.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/OrtoBotanicoPavia-GiuseppeGregorelli-005.JPG/220px-OrtoBotanicoPavia-GiuseppeGregorelli-005.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/OrtoBotanicoPavia-GiuseppeGregorelli-005.JPG/330px-OrtoBotanicoPavia-GiuseppeGregorelli-005.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/OrtoBotanicoPavia-GiuseppeGregorelli-005.JPG/440px-OrtoBotanicoPavia-GiuseppeGregorelli-005.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Orto_Botanico_dell%27Universit%C3%A0_di_Pavia" title="Orto Botanico dell'Università di Pavia">Pavia Botanical Garden</a>, 1773</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museum_of_Mineralogy">Museum of Mineralogy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pavia&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Museum of Mineralogy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Museum of Mineralogy (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">Museo di Mineralogia</i>) originated from a section dedicated to minerals in the Museum of Natural History. The museum hosts a large collection of rocks and minerals, categorized systematically.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The collection also includes minerals from different Italian regions. In 1923. Professor <a href="/wiki/Angela_Bianchini" title="Angela Bianchini">Angelo Bianchi</a> donated rock samples which he had collected earlier in his career. Each sample was meticulously described in details in his various scientific publications. </p><p>The museum also displays a collection of <a href="/wiki/Meteorite" title="Meteorite">meteorites</a> which fell around <a href="/wiki/Siena" title="Siena">Siena</a> at the end of the 18th century<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and were collected by <a href="/wiki/Lazzaro_Spallanzani" title="Lazzaro Spallanzani">Lazzaro Spallanzani</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Center_of_Manuscripts">Center of Manuscripts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pavia&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Center of Manuscripts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Center of Manuscripts<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">Centro di ricerca sulla tradizione manoscritta di autori moderni e contemporane</i> or <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">Centro Manuscritto</i>) was formally established on 24 January 1980; however, in 1969, <a href="/wiki/Maria_Corti" title="Maria Corti">Maria Corti</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a professor at the University of Pavia, had an idea to set up a Manuscript Fund (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">Fondo Manoscritti</i>), dedicated to preserving writings and manuscripts from twentieth-century authors. The center hosts a collection of writings and manuscripts from writers of the last two centuries including manuscripts and papers handwritten by the poet <a href="/wiki/Eugenio_Montale" title="Eugenio Montale">Eugenio Montale</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as various autographed editions of the novel the Philosophy of Madonna (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">La Madonna dei filosofi</i>) by <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Emilio_Gadda" title="Carlo Emilio Gadda">Carlo Emilio Gadda</a>, and an annotated edition of the manuscript for My Cousin Andrea (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">Mio cugino Andrea</i>) by <a href="/wiki/Romano_Bilenchi" title="Romano Bilenchi">Romano Bilenchi</a>. The collection preserved by the center covers more than 200 authors. </p><p>The center is located at the <a href="/wiki/Old_Campus_of_the_University_of_Pavia" title="Old Campus of the University of Pavia">Palazzo Centrale</a> of the University of Pavia, and a branch is recently added to one of the university's sites at Via Luino. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Il_Centro_Manoscritti_dell%27Universit%C3%A0_di_Pavia_(25818912277).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Il_Centro_Manoscritti_dell%27Universit%C3%A0_di_Pavia_%2825818912277%29.jpg/220px-Il_Centro_Manoscritti_dell%27Universit%C3%A0_di_Pavia_%2825818912277%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Il_Centro_Manoscritti_dell%27Universit%C3%A0_di_Pavia_%2825818912277%29.jpg/330px-Il_Centro_Manoscritti_dell%27Universit%C3%A0_di_Pavia_%2825818912277%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Il_Centro_Manoscritti_dell%27Universit%C3%A0_di_Pavia_%2825818912277%29.jpg/440px-Il_Centro_Manoscritti_dell%27Universit%C3%A0_di_Pavia_%2825818912277%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6240" data-file-height="4160" /></a><figcaption>Center of Manuscripts</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_collections">Other collections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pavia&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Other collections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The university also hosts special collections which are accessible only by appointments. These collections are not accessible by the public:<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Physiology collections covers 300 various instruments used in physiological research, such as galvanometers, scales, devices for measuring tactile sensation and pain sensitivity and so on. The collection is hosted by the Department of Molecular Medicine.</li> <li>Histology and embryology collections covers over 10,000 histological slides of different tissues and organs, embryological models in wax as well as microscopes and other instruments. The collection is hosted by the Department of Experimental Medicine.</li> <li>Musicology collections<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> covers about 1,100 works including 80 musical instruments such as <a href="/wiki/Aerophone" title="Aerophone">aerophones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chordophone" class="mw-redirect" title="Chordophone">chordophones</a> and <a href="/wiki/Idiophone" title="Idiophone">idiophones</a>, as well as thousands of <a href="/wiki/Piano_roll" title="Piano roll">perforated rolls for antique pianos</a>. The collection is hosted by the Department of Music.</li> <li>Cattaneo collection covers preserved <a href="/wiki/Microscope_slide" title="Microscope slide">anatomical and histological preparations</a> in the fields of <a href="/wiki/Osteology" title="Osteology">osteology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angiology" title="Angiology">angiology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Splanchnology" title="Splanchnology">splanchnology</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Esthesiology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Esthesiology (page does not exist)">esthesiology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neurology" title="Neurology">neurology</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Topographic_anatomy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Topographic anatomy (page does not exist)">topographic anatomy</a>. The collection is hosted by the Public Health, Neurosciences, Experimental and Forensic Medicine.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Academics">Academics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pavia&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Academics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The university offers degree programmes in two languages: </p> <ul><li>Italian - Most of the courses in the University of Pavia are taught in Italian.</li> <li>English - One single-cycle master's degree, one undergraduate degree and eight master's degrees are offered in English. These degrees are:</li></ul> <dl><dd><ol><li>Three-year undergraduate degree in Artificial intelligence</li> <li>Six-year degree in <a href="/wiki/Medicine" title="Medicine">Medicine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Surgery" title="Surgery">Surgery</a></li> <li>Master's degree in Molecular Biology and Genetics (MBG)</li> <li>Master's degree in Electronic Engineering</li> <li>Master's degree in Computer Engineering</li> <li>Master's degree in Industrial Automation Engineering</li> <li>Master's degree in International Business and Entrepreneurship (MIBE)</li> <li>Master's degree in Economics, Finance and International Integration (MEFI)</li> <li>Master's degree in World Politics and International Relations</li> <li>Master’s degree in Psychology, Neuroscience and Human Sciences</li></ol></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Colleges">Colleges</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pavia&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Colleges"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Collegio_borromeo12.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Collegio_borromeo12.jpg/220px-Collegio_borromeo12.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Collegio_borromeo12.jpg/330px-Collegio_borromeo12.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Collegio_borromeo12.jpg/440px-Collegio_borromeo12.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="2723" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Collegio_Borromeo" title="Collegio Borromeo">Collegio Borromeo</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Collegio_Ghislieri_(Pavia).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Collegio_Ghislieri_%28Pavia%29.JPG/220px-Collegio_Ghislieri_%28Pavia%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Collegio_Ghislieri_%28Pavia%29.JPG/330px-Collegio_Ghislieri_%28Pavia%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Collegio_Ghislieri_%28Pavia%29.JPG/440px-Collegio_Ghislieri_%28Pavia%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Ghislieri_College" title="Ghislieri College">Collegio Ghislieri</a></div></div></div></div></div><p>The university has one of the most extensive colleges and residence halls in Italy, which house the majority of its students. These colleges are:<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="EDISU_public_colleges">EDISU public colleges</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pavia&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: EDISU public colleges"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>EDISU Pavia is an agency established by the university in order to manage activities and services related to the right of study. It manages 4 refectories and 12 public colleges, which are:<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Collegio Fratelli Cairoli (male)</li> <li>Collegio Gerolamo Cardano (male and female)</li> <li>Collegio Lazzaro Spallanzani (male)</li> <li>Collegio Lorenzo Valla (mixed)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collegio_Castiglioni_Brugnatelli" title="Collegio Castiglioni Brugnatelli">Collegio Castiglioni-Brugnatelli</a> (female)</li> <li>Collegio Plinio Fraccaro (male)</li> <li>Collegio Benvenuto Griziotti (male and female)</li> <li>Residenze Golgi I and II (male and female)</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Collegio_castiglioni_facciata.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Collegio_castiglioni_facciata.jpg/220px-Collegio_castiglioni_facciata.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Collegio_castiglioni_facciata.jpg/330px-Collegio_castiglioni_facciata.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Collegio_castiglioni_facciata.jpg/440px-Collegio_castiglioni_facciata.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Collegio_Castiglioni_Brugnatelli" title="Collegio Castiglioni Brugnatelli">Collegio Castiglioni Brugnatelli</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Collegio Alessandro Volta (male and female)</li> <li>Collegio Giasone del Maino (male and female)</li> <li>Collegio Universitario Quartier Novo</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Private_and_public_colleges">Private and public colleges</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pavia&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Private and public colleges"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collegio_Borromeo" title="Collegio Borromeo">Collegio Borromeo</a> (male and female)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghislieri_College" title="Ghislieri College">Collegio Ghislieri</a> (male and female)</li> <li>Collegio Nuovo (female)</li> <li>Collegio Santa Caterina da Siena (female)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_alumni_and_academics">Notable alumni and academics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pavia&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Notable alumni and academics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:University_of_Pavia_alumni" title="Category:University of Pavia alumni">Category:University of Pavia alumni</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Cremona" title="Luigi Cremona">Luigi Cremona</a>, mathematician<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Antonio_Scopoli" title="Giovanni Antonio Scopoli">Giovanni Antonio Scopoli</a>, naturalist<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marco_Fraccaro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marco Fraccaro (page does not exist)">Marco Fraccaro</a>, geneticist<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agostino_Bassi" title="Agostino Bassi">Agostino Bassi</a>, entomologist<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edoardo_Storti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edoardo Storti (page does not exist)">Edoardo Storti</a>, hematologist<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopoldo_Maggi" title="Leopoldo Maggi">Leopoldo Maggi</a>, zoologist<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Charles_Borromeo" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Charles Borromeo">Charles Borromeo</a>, archbishop<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michele_Ghislieri" class="mw-redirect" title="Michele Ghislieri">Michele Ghislieri</a>, Pope Pio V<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cesare_Beccaria" title="Cesare Beccaria">Cesare Beccaria</a>, jurist and philosopher<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenio_Beltrami" title="Eugenio Beltrami">Eugenio Beltrami</a>, mathematician and physician<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigismondo_Boldoni" title="Sigismondo Boldoni">Sigismondo Boldoni</a>, writer, philosopher, physician<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerolamo_Cardano" title="Gerolamo Cardano">Gerolamo Cardano</a>, mathematician, physician, astrologer and gambler<sup id="cite_ref-:1_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Luca_Cavalli-Sforza" title="Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza">Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Population_genetics" title="Population genetics">population geneticist</a><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:12_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_William_Fairbank_Edwards" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthony William Fairbank Edwards">Anthony William Fairbank Edwards</a>, geneticist<sup id="cite_ref-:12_79-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Ettore_Gamba" title="Paolo Ettore Gamba">Paolo Ettore Gamba</a>, 2013 Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Giacomo_Gaspare_Corti" title="Alfonso Giacomo Gaspare Corti">Alfonso Giacomo Gaspare Corti</a>, physician and scientist<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baldus_de_Ubaldis" title="Baldus de Ubaldis">Baldus de Ubaldis</a>, jurist<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contardo_Ferrini" title="Contardo Ferrini">Contardo Ferrini</a>, jurist<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugo_Foscolo" title="Ugo Foscolo">Ugo Foscolo</a>, writer, revolutionary and poet<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Gasparrini" title="Guglielmo Gasparrini">Guglielmo Gasparrini</a>, botanist and mycologist<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camillo_Golgi" title="Camillo Golgi">Camillo Golgi</a>, Nobel prize in Medicine and Physiology<sup id="cite_ref-:1_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giulio_Natta" title="Giulio Natta">Giulio Natta</a>, Nobel prize in Chemistry<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Ohlendorf" title="Otto Ohlendorf">Otto Ohlendorf</a> (1907–1951), SS general and Holocaust perpetrator, executed for war crimes<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gian_Domenico_Romagnosi" title="Gian Domenico Romagnosi">Gian Domenico Romagnosi</a>, jurist, philosopher and economist<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Rubbia" title="Carlo Rubbia">Carlo Rubbia</a>, Nobel prize in Physics<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Scarpa" title="Antonio Scarpa">Antonio Scarpa</a>, physician and scientist<sup id="cite_ref-:1_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysios_Solomos" title="Dionysios Solomos">Dionysios Solomos</a>, poet<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazzaro_Spallanzani" title="Lazzaro Spallanzani">Lazzaro Spallanzani</a>, biologist<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Valla" title="Lorenzo Valla">Lorenzo Valla</a>, humanist and philologist<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Volta" title="Alessandro Volta">Alessandro Volta</a>, scientist, developer of the first <a href="/wiki/Battery_(electricity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battery (electricity)">electric cell</a><sup id="cite_ref-:1_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcantonio_della_Torre" title="Marcantonio della Torre">Marcantonio della Torre</a>, anatomy mentor of Leonardo da Vinci<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Agostini" title="Angela Agostini">Angela Agostini</a>, botanist and mycologist<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giulio_Tremonti" title="Giulio Tremonti">Giulio Tremonti</a>, politician and lawyer<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Lanzavecchia" title="Antonio Lanzavecchia">Antonio Lanzavecchia</a>, immunologist<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Marangoni" title="Carlo Marangoni">Carlo Marangoni</a>, physicist<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Valentino_Brugnatelli" title="Luigi Valentino Brugnatelli">Luigi Valentino Brugnatelli</a>, chemist<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Joseph_Boscovich" title="Roger Joseph Boscovich">Ruggiero G. Boscovich</a>, mathematician, astronomer<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giulio_Bizzozero" title="Giulio Bizzozero">Giulio Bizzozero</a>, pathologist<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simone_Stratico" class="mw-redirect" title="Simone Stratico">Simone Stratico</a>, engineer<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Sanarelli" title="Giuseppe Sanarelli">Giuseppe Sanarelli</a>, hygienist<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Sharpey" title="William Sharpey">William Sharpey</a>, anatomist<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enrico_Caffi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enrico Caffi (page does not exist)">Enrico Caffi</a>, priest<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Antonio_Borgnis" title="Giuseppe Antonio Borgnis">Giuseppe Antonio Borgnis</a>, engineer<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honorary_degrees">Honorary degrees</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pavia&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Honorary degrees"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agustino_Gemelli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agustino Gemelli (page does not exist)">Agustino Gemelli</a>, psychologist<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Conte" title="Paolo Conte">Paolo Conte</a>, pianist and composer<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warren_Irkendale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Warren Irkendale (page does not exist)">Warren Irkendale</a>, American musicologist<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Bannister" title="Roger Bannister">Roger Bannister</a>, athlete and neurologist<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Wedderburn,_Baron_Wedderburn_of_Charlton" title="Bill Wedderburn, Baron Wedderburn of Charlton">Kenneth William</a>, Lord Wedderburn of Charlton;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Darriulat" title="Pierre Darriulat">Pierre Darriulat</a>, physicist<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Alex_M%C3%BCller" class="mw-redirect" title="Karl Alex Müller">Karl Alex Müller</a>, 1987 Nobel Prize winner in Physics<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_John_Hills" title="Graham John Hills">Graham John Hills</a>, physical chemist<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerzy_Kroh" title="Jerzy Kroh">Jerzy Kroh</a>, chemist<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_A._Simon" title="Herbert A. Simon">Herbert A. Simon</a>, economist<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agostino_Casaroli" title="Agostino Casaroli">Agostino Casaroli</a>, priest<sup id="cite_ref-:11_134-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_von_Weizs%C3%A4cker" title="Richard von Weizsäcker">Richard von Weizsäcker</a>, politician<sup id="cite_ref-:11_134-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Triffin" title="Robert Triffin">Robert Triffin</a>, economist<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Azeglio_Ciampi" title="Carlo Azeglio Ciampi">Carlo Azeglio Ciampi</a>, politician and banker<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sandro_Molinari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sandro Molinari (page does not exist)">Sandro Molinari</a>, economist<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_M._Cipolla" title="Carlo M. Cipolla">Carlo M. Cipolla</a>, historian<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federico_Faggin" title="Federico Faggin">Federico Faggin</a>, engineer<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._R._Hughes" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas J. R. Hughes">Thomas J. R. Hughes</a>, engineer<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvaro_Siza_Vieira" class="mw-redirect" title="Alvaro Siza Vieira">Alvaro Siza Vieira</a>, architect<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Stallman" title="Richard Stallman">Richard Stallman</a>, programmer<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irene_Hijmans-Tromp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irene Hijmans-Tromp (page does not exist)">Irene Hijmans-Tromp</a>, linguist<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Berlucchi" title="Giovanni Berlucchi">Giovanni Berlucchi</a>, neurologist<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Lowi" class="mw-redirect" title="Theodore Lowi">Theodore Lowi</a>, political scientist<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salvatore_Ruggeri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salvatore Ruggeri (page does not exist)">Salvatore Ruggeri</a>, economist<sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otmar_Issing" title="Otmar Issing">Otmar Issing</a>, economist<sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:7_151-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Janssen" title="Paul Janssen">Paul Janssen</a>, physician<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Strehler" title="Giorgio Strehler">Giorgio Strehler</a>, director<sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torsten_N._Wiesel" class="mw-redirect" title="Torsten N. Wiesel">Torsten Wiesel</a>, neurophysiologist<sup id="cite_ref-:5_155-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:8_156-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Tessier-Lavigne" title="Marc Tessier-Lavigne">Marc Tessier-Lavigne</a>, researcher<sup id="cite_ref-:5_155-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:8_156-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodolfo_Llinas" class="mw-redirect" title="Rodolfo Llinas">Rodolfo Llinas</a>, neuroscientist<sup id="cite_ref-unipv.eu_158-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unipv.eu-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Eliot_Gardiner" title="John Eliot Gardiner">John Eliot Gardiner</a>, conductor<sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_G.A._McGregor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christopher G.A. McGregor (page does not exist)">Christopher G.A. McGregor</a>, physician,<sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Bernard_Ackerman" title="A. Bernard Ackerman">A. Bernard Ackerman</a>, physician<sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirjan_Dama%C5%A1ka" title="Mirjan Damaška">Mirjan Damaška</a>, jurist<sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_M._Shepherd" title="Gordon M. Shepherd">Gordon Shepherd</a>, neuroscientist <sup id="cite_ref-unipv.eu_158-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unipv.eu-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altiero_Spinelli" title="Altiero Spinelli">Altiero Spinelli</a>, politician<sup id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gianfranco_Acchiappati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gianfranco Acchiappati (page does not exist)">Gianfranco Acchiappati</a>, physician<sup id="cite_ref-167" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umberto_Mortari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Umberto Mortari (page does not exist)">Umberto Mortari</a>, pharmacist<sup id="cite_ref-:6_168-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alessandro_Rigamonti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alessandro Rigamonti (page does not exist)">Alessandro Rigamonti</a>, chemist<sup id="cite_ref-:6_168-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Kahn" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert E. Kahn">Robert E. Kahn</a>, programmer<sup id="cite_ref-169" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-170" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-171" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-171"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Leonhardt" title="Fritz Leonhardt">Fritz Leonhardt</a>, structural engineer<sup id="cite_ref-172" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasquale_Pistorio" title="Pasquale Pistorio">Pasquale Pistorio</a>, engineer<sup id="cite_ref-173" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-174" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>174<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Heilbron" class="mw-redirect" title="John Heilbron">John Heilbron</a>, historian<sup id="cite_ref-175" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-175"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>175<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomaso_Poggio" title="Tomaso Poggio">Tomaso Poggio</a>, neuroscientist<sup id="cite_ref-176" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-176"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>176<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diana_Bracco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diana Bracco (page does not exist)">Diana Bracco</a>, chemist<sup id="cite_ref-177" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-177"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>177<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-178" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-178"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>178<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aldo_Poli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aldo Poli (page does not exist)">Aldo Poli</a>, economist<sup id="cite_ref-179" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-179"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>179<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Medaglia_teresiana">Medaglia teresiana</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pavia&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Medaglia teresiana"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Laurea_honoris_causa_a_Samantha_Cristoforetti_(26532078029).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Laurea_honoris_causa_a_Samantha_Cristoforetti_%2826532078029%29.jpg/220px-Laurea_honoris_causa_a_Samantha_Cristoforetti_%2826532078029%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Laurea_honoris_causa_a_Samantha_Cristoforetti_%2826532078029%29.jpg/330px-Laurea_honoris_causa_a_Samantha_Cristoforetti_%2826532078029%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Laurea_honoris_causa_a_Samantha_Cristoforetti_%2826532078029%29.jpg/440px-Laurea_honoris_causa_a_Samantha_Cristoforetti_%2826532078029%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3120" data-file-height="2394" /></a><figcaption>Samantha Cristoforetti was presented with honorary doctorate </figcaption></figure> <p>The <i>Medaglia teresiana</i> is an academic recognition that establishes the entry of a full professor in the University of Pavia. This award can also be conferred by the Rector of the University of Pavia to people who are particularly distinguished, traditionally hosted at the inauguration of the academic year or the day of the graduates: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massimo_Inguscio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Massimo Inguscio (page does not exist)">Massimo Inguscio</a>, physicist<sup id="cite_ref-180" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>180<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salomone_Ovadia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salomone Ovadia (page does not exist)">Salomone Ovadia</a>, actor<sup id="cite_ref-181" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-181"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>181<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-182" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>182<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Cardona" title="Manuel Cardona">Manuel Cardona</a>, physicist<sup id="cite_ref-183" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>183<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-184" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-184"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>184<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Casadei" title="Barbara Casadei">Barbara Casadei</a>, cardiologist<sup id="cite_ref-185" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-185"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>185<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-186" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-186"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>186<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-187" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>187<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-188" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-188"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>188<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janusz_Turowski_(professor)" title="Janusz Turowski (professor)">Janusz Turkowski</a>, engineer<sup id="cite_ref-189" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-189"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>189<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-190" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-190"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>190<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_M._Block" title="Martin M. Block">Martin M. Block</a>, physicist<sup id="cite_ref-191" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-191"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>191<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-192" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>192<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francesco_Lissoni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francesco Lissoni (page does not exist)">Francesco Lissoni</a>, economist<sup id="cite_ref-193" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-193"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>193<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-194" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-194"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>194<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Feringa" title="Ben Feringa">Ben Feringa</a>, Nobel Prize winner in Chemistry<sup id="cite_ref-195" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-195"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>195<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samantha_Cristoforetti" title="Samantha Cristoforetti">Samantha Cristoforetti</a>, astronaut<sup id="cite_ref-196" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-196"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>196<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-197" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-197"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>197<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Freeman" title="Herbert Freeman">Herbert Freeman</a>, computer scientist<sup id="cite_ref-198" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-198"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>198<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabrizio_Capobianco" title="Fabrizio Capobianco">Fabrizio Capobianco</a>, entrepreneur <sup id="cite_ref-199" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-199"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>199<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Alivisatos" title="Paul Alivisatos">Paul Alivisatos</a>, chemist<sup id="cite_ref-200" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-200"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>200<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renato_Balduzzi" title="Renato Balduzzi">Renato Balduzzi</a>, politician<sup id="cite_ref-201" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-201"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>201<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beppe_Severgnini" title="Beppe Severgnini">Beppe Severgnini</a>, journalist<sup id="cite_ref-202" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-202"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>202<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-203" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-203"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>203<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eliot_Forster&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eliot Forster (page does not exist)">Eliot Forster</a>, entrepreneur<sup id="cite_ref-204" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-204"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>204<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Cavalleri" title="Andrea Cavalleri">Andrea Cavalleri</a>, physicist<sup id="cite_ref-205" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-205"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>205<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elena_Cattaneo" title="Elena Cattaneo">Elena Cattaneo</a>, researcher<sup id="cite_ref-206" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-206"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>206<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Grasso" title="Pietro Grasso">Pietro Grasso</a>, politician<sup id="cite_ref-207" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-207"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>207<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Le_Goff" title="Jacques Le Goff">Jacques Le Goff</a>, historian<sup id="cite_ref-:10_208-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-208"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>208<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerardo_Marotta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerardo Marotta (page does not exist)">Gerardo Marotta</a>, lawyer and philosopher<sup id="cite_ref-:10_208-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-208"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>208<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salvatore_Ruggeri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salvatore Ruggeri (page does not exist)">Salvatore Ruggeri</a>, politician<sup id="cite_ref-209" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-209"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>209<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:7_151-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pavia&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Policlinico_San_Matteo" title="Policlinico San Matteo">Policlinico San Matteo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coimbra_Group" title="Coimbra Group">Coimbra Group</a> (a network of leading European universities)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_University_Association" title="European University Association">European University Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_universities" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Italian universities">List of Italian universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_medieval_universities" title="List of medieval universities">List of medieval universities</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pavia&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/university-pavia">"University of Pavia"</a>. <i>Times Higher Education (THE)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-10-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Times+Higher+Education+%28THE%29&rft.atitle=University+of+Pavia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeshighereducation.com%2Fworld-university-rankings%2Funiversity-pavia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Pavia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2022#!/page/0/length/25/locations/ITA/sort_by/rank/sort_order/asc/cols/scores">"World University Rakings"</a>. <i>timeshighereducation.com</i>. Times Higher Education. 25 August 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=timeshighereducation.com&rft.atitle=World+University+Rakings&rft.date=2021-08-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeshighereducation.com%2Fworld-university-rankings%2F2022%23%21%2Fpage%2F0%2Flength%2F25%2Flocations%2FITA%2Fsort_by%2Frank%2Fsort_order%2Fasc%2Fcols%2Fscores&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Pavia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.universitaly.it/">"Universitaly - Scheda Ateneo - Università degli Studi di PAVIA"</a>. <i>Universitaly</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unipv.eu/site/en/home/international-relations/erasmus/incoming-students/articolo502.html">the original</a> on 2019-04-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-04-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.unipv.eu&rft.atitle=International+Students+Welcome+Week+2018&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unipv.eu%2Fsite%2Fen%2Fhome%2Finternational-relations%2Ferasmus%2Fincoming-students%2Farticolo502.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Pavia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_6-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_6-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-4.unipv.it/webcesup/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=5&Itemid=26">"Storia dell'Ateneo - Cenni storici"</a>. <i>www-4.unipv.it</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Le origini dell'Università di Pavia nella storiografia dal XIV al XX secolo"</a>. <i>Istituto Lombardo - Accademia di Scienze e Lettere • Rendiconti di Lettere</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Istituto+Lombardo+-+Accademia+di+Scienze+e+Lettere+%E2%80%A2+Rendiconti+di+Lettere&rft.atitle=Il+lungo+cammino+dei+mercanti+di+sapienza.+Le+origini+dell%27Universit%C3%A0+di+Pavia+nella+storiografia+dal+XIV+al+XX+secolo&rft.date=2012-01&rft.aulast=Mantovani&rft.aufirst=Dario&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F5156487&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Pavia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215221758/http://www.unipv.eu/site/en/home/about-us/history.html">"History"</a>. <i>www.unipv.eu</i> (in Italian). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-04-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=colnuovo.unipv.it&rft.atitle=Collegio+Nuovo+-+Fondazione+Sandra+e+Enea+Mattei&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcolnuovo.unipv.it%2Fnews_en.php%3Fanno%3D2017%23.XL_wYpMzaAw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Pavia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/barbara-casadei-oxford/">"LinkedIn CV"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=LinkedIn+CV&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.linkedin.com%2Fin%2Fbarbara-casadei-oxford%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Pavia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1161%2Fcirculationaha.108.191138">"AHA Journals"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1161%2Fcirculationaha.108.191138">10.1161/circulationaha.108.191138</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=AHA+Journals&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1161%2Fcirculationaha.108.191138&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1161%252Fcirculationaha.108.191138&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Pavia" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTurowskiTurowski2017" class="citation book cs1">Turowski, Janusz; Turowski, Marek (2017-12-19). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lAhEDwAAQBAJ&q=Medaglia+teresiana&pg=PR24"><i>Engineering Electrodynamics: Electric Machine, Transformer, and Power Equipment Design</i></a>. 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Lissoni cerimonia d'inaugurazione corsi di #dottorato di #ricerca #unipvpic.twitter.com/rJpWWI618N"</a>. <i>@unipv</i> (in Italian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Sostituisce il cognato deceduto"</a>. <i>TagPress.it</i> (in Italian). 2017-12-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-04-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TagPress.it&rft.atitle=Ruggeri+assessore+regionale+al+Welfare.+Sostituisce+il+cognato+deceduto&rft.date=2017-12-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tagpress.it%2Fpolitica%2Fsalvatore-ruggeri-assessore-welfare-20171229&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Pavia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pavia&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="languageicon">(in Italian and English)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unipv.it/">University of Pavia Website</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerbermann1913" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/University of Pavia"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/University_of_Pavia">"University of Pavia" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=University+of+Pavia&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Pavia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Database scholars of University of Pavia (1361-1800), <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ojs.uclouvain.be/index.php/RETE/index">Repertorium Eruditorum Totius Europae/RETE</a></i></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 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id="Universities_in_Italy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Italy" title="List of universities in Italy">Universities in Italy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major Public</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bari" title="University of Bari">Bari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bologna" title="University of Bologna">Bologna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Catania" title="University of Catania">Catania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Florence" title="University of Florence">Florence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Milan" title="University of Milan">Milan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polytechnic_University_of_Milan" title="Polytechnic University of Milan">Milan Polytechnic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Naples_Federico_II" title="University of Naples Federico II">Naples Federico II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Padua" title="University of Padua">Padua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Palermo" title="University of Palermo">Palermo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pisa" title="University of Pisa">Pisa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pisa_University_System" title="Pisa University System">Pisa University System</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sapienza_University_of_Rome" title="Sapienza University of Rome">Rome La Sapienza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Turin" title="University of Turin">Turin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polytechnic_University_of_Turin" title="Polytechnic University of Turin">Turin Polytechnic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Large Public</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Cagliari" title="University of Cagliari">Cagliari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Calabria" title="University of Calabria">Arcavacata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%27Annunzio_University_of_Chieti%E2%80%93Pescara" title="D'Annunzio University of Chieti–Pescara">Chieti–Pescara D'Annunzio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_degli_Studi_della_Campania_Luigi_Vanvitelli" title="Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli">Caserta Luigi Vanvitelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Genoa" title="University of Genoa">Genoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_L%27Aquila" title="University of L'Aquila">L'Aquila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Messina" title="University of Messina">Messina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Milan_Bicocca" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Milan Bicocca">Milan Bicocca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Parma" title="University of Parma">Parma</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Perugia" title="University of Perugia">Perugia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roma_Tre_University" title="Roma Tre University">Rome III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Rome_Tor_Vergata" title="University of Rome Tor Vergata">Rome Tor Vergata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Salento" title="University of Salento">Salento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Salerno" title="University of Salerno">Salerno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Verona" title="University of Verona">Verona</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Medium Public</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polytechnic_University_of_Bari" title="Polytechnic University of Bari">Bari Polytechnic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bergamo" title="University of Bergamo">Bergamo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Brescia" title="University of Brescia">Brescia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Ferrara" title="University of Ferrara">Ferrara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marche_Polytechnic_University" title="Marche Polytechnic University">Marche Polytechnic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Modena_and_Reggio_Emilia" title="University of Modena and Reggio Emilia">Modena and Reggio Emilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naples_Eastern_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Naples Eastern University">Naples Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parthenope_University_of_Naples" title="Parthenope University of Naples">Naples Parthenope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Sassari" title="University of Sassari">Sassari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Siena" title="University of Siena">Siena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Trento" title="University of Trento">Trento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Trieste" title="University of Trieste">Trieste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Udine" title="University of Udine">Udine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Urbino" title="University of Urbino">Urbino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ca%27_Foscari_University_of_Venice" title="Ca' Foscari University of Venice">Venice Ca' Foscari</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Small Public</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aosta_Valley_University" title="Aosta Valley University">Aosta Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Basilicata" title="University of Basilicata">Potenza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_University_of_Bozen-Bolzano" title="Free University of Bozen-Bolzano">Bozen-Bolzano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Camerino" title="University of Camerino">Camerino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Cassino" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Cassino">Cassino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magna_Gr%C3%A6cia_University" title="Magna Græcia University">Catanzaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kore_University_of_Enna" title="Kore University of Enna">Enna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Institute_of_Human_Sciences_(SUM)" title="Italian Institute of Human Sciences (SUM)">Florence SUM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Foggia" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Foggia">Foggia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Insubria" title="University of Insubria">Varese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMT_School_for_Advanced_Studies_Lucca" title="IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca">Lucca IMT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istituto_Superiore_per_le_Industrie_Artistiche" title="Istituto Superiore per le Industrie Artistiche">ISIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Macerata" title="University of Macerata">Macerata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Molise" title="University of Molise">Campobasso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuola_Superiore_Studi_Pavia_IUSS" title="Scuola Superiore Studi Pavia IUSS">Pavia IUSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_for_Foreigners_Perugia" class="mw-redirect" title="University for Foreigners Perugia">Perugia Foreigners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuola_Normale_Superiore_di_Pisa" title="Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa">Pisa Normale</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pisa_University_System" title="Pisa University System">Pisa University System</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Anna_School_of_Advanced_Studies" title="Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies">Pisa Sant'Anna</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pisa_University_System" title="Pisa University System">Pisa University System</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Reggio_Calabria" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Reggio Calabria">Reggio Calabria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foro_Italico_University_of_Rome" class="mw-redirect" title="Foro Italico University of Rome">Rome Foro Italico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Sannio" title="University of Sannio">Sannio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreigners_University_of_Siena" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreigners University of Siena">Siena Foreigners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Teramo" title="University of Teramo">Teramo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_School_for_Advanced_Studies" title="International School for Advanced Studies">Trieste SISSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuscia_University" title="Tuscia University">Viterbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_Iuav_di_Venezia" title="Università Iuav di Venezia">Venice IUAV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Eastern_Piedmont" title="University of Eastern Piedmont">Vercelli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Private</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_degli_Studi_Giustino_Fortunato" title="Università degli Studi Giustino Fortunato">Benevento Giustino Fortunato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Gastronomic_Sciences" title="University of Gastronomic Sciences">Bra Gastronomic Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libera_Universit%C3%A0_Mediterranea" title="Libera Università Mediterranea">Casamassima LUM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_Carlo_Cattaneo" title="University Carlo Cattaneo">Castellanza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bocconi_University" title="Bocconi University">Milan Bocconi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_Cattolica_del_Sacro_Cuore" title="Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore">Milan Cattolica del Sacro Cuore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanitas_University" title="Humanitas University">Milan Humanitas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IULM_University_of_Milan" title="IULM University of Milan">Milan IULM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vita-Salute_San_Raffaele_University" title="Vita-Salute San Raffaele University">Milan San Raffaele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suor_Orsola_Benincasa_University_of_Naples" title="Suor Orsola Benincasa University of Naples">Naples Benincasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_degli_Studi_Pegaso" title="Università degli Studi Pegaso">Naples Pegaso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_per_stranieri_%22Dante_Alighieri%22_di_Reggio_Calabria" title="Università per stranieri "Dante Alighieri" di Reggio Calabria">Reggio Calabria Dante Alighieri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_Campus_Bio-Medico" title="Università Campus Bio-Medico">Rome Biomedical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi_University" title="Guglielmo Marconi University">Rome Guglielmo Marconi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_International_Studies_of_Rome" class="mw-redirect" title="University of International Studies of Rome">Rome International Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Link_Campus_University" title="Link Campus University">Rome Link Campus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libera_Universit%C3%A0_Internazionale_degli_Studi_Sociali_Guido_Carli" class="mw-redirect" title="Libera Università Internazionale degli Studi Sociali Guido Carli">Rome LUISS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libera_Universit%C3%A0_Maria_SS._Assunta" title="Libera Università Maria SS. Assunta">Rome Maria SS. Assunta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_degli_Studi_Niccol%C3%B2_Cusano" title="Università degli Studi Niccolò Cusano">Rome Niccolò Cusano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_Leonardo_da_Vinci" title="Università Leonardo da Vinci">Torrevecchia Teatina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESCP_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="ESCP Europe">Turin ESCP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_University_College_of_Turin" title="International University College of Turin">Turin International College</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:Coimbra_Group" title="Template:Coimbra Group"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Coimbra_Group" title="Template talk:Coimbra Group"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Coimbra_Group" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Coimbra Group"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Coimbra_Group" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Coimbra_Group" title="Coimbra Group"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Coimbra Group</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aarhus_University" title="Aarhus University">Aarhus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Barcelona" title="University of Barcelona">Barcelona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bergen" title="University of Bergen">Bergen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bologna" title="University of Bologna">Bologna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bristol" title="University of Bristol">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E%C3%B6tv%C3%B6s_Lor%C3%A1nd_University" title="Eötvös Loránd University">Budapest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Coimbra" title="University of Coimbra">Coimbra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Cologne" title="University of Cologne">Cologne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_College_Dublin" title="Trinity College Dublin">Dublin (TCD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durham_University" title="Durham University">Durham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh" title="University of Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Galway" title="University of Galway">Galway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Geneva" title="University of Geneva">Geneva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_G%C3%B6ttingen" title="University of Göttingen">Göttingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Granada" title="University of Granada">Granada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Graz" title="University of Graz">Graz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Groningen" title="University of Groningen">Groningen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heidelberg_University" title="Heidelberg University">Heidelberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Ioan_Cuza_University" title="Alexandru Ioan Cuza University">Iași</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istanbul_University" title="Istanbul University">Istanbul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Jena" title="University of Jena">Jena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagiellonian_University" title="Jagiellonian University">Kraków</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leiden_University" title="Leiden University">Leiden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katholieke_Universiteit_Leuven" class="mw-redirect" title="Katholieke Universiteit Leuven">Leuven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_catholique_de_Louvain" class="mw-redirect" title="Université catholique de Louvain">Louvain-la-Neuve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Montpellier" title="University of Montpellier">Montpellier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Val%C3%A9ry_University_Montpellier_3" title="Paul Valéry University Montpellier 3">Montpellier 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Padua" title="University of Padua">Padua</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Poitiers" title="University of Poitiers">Poitiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_University_in_Prague" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles University in Prague">Prague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg_State_University" title="Saint Petersburg State University">St. Petersburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Salamanca" title="University of Salamanca">Salamanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Siena" title="University of Siena">Siena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Tartu" title="University of Tartu">Tartu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Turku" title="University of Turku">Turku I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%85bo_Akademi_University" title="Åbo Akademi University">Turku II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uppsala_University" title="Uppsala University">Uppsala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utrecht_University" title="Utrecht University">Utrecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilnius_University" title="Vilnius University">Vilnius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_W%C3%BCrzburg" title="University of Würzburg">Würzburg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output 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href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219317#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000417625736">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/143263130">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/40464-0">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79109738">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb118679541">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb118679541">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36438639">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Università di Pavia"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko2003182716&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX145106">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90795296">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810652985305606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007269480705171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058518651706706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/place/bfd7e012-eae5-4470-8a52-d156ffa2371c">MusicBrainz place</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA0091706X?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026430703">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐57488d5c7d‐gpbwl Cached time: 20241128022608 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 1.733 seconds Real time usage: 1.993 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 11127/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 442134/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 33521/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 20/100 Expensive parser function count: 8/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 741849/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 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