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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Hakīm_(حكيم)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hakīm_(حكيم)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Hakīm (حكيم)</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Hakīm_(حكيم)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Hakīm (حكيم) subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Hakīm_(حكيم)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Uses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hākim_(حاكم)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hākim_(حاكم)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Hākim (حاكم)</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Hākim_(حاكم)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Hākim (حاكم) subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Hākim_(حاكم)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-In_Arab_countries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Arab_countries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>In Arab countries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_Arab_countries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Elsewhere" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elsewhere"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Elsewhere</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elsewhere-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Furthermore" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Furthermore"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Furthermore</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Furthermore-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" 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href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BC" title="Хакім – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Хакім" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AE_(%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC)" title="ਹਕੀਮ (ਖ਼ਿਤਾਬ) – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਹਕੀਮ (ਖ਼ਿਤਾਬ)" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heqim" title="Heqim – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Heqim" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Arabic titles</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the formal title or honorific. 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screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="border:1px solid #060;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Islam" title="Category:Islam">a series</a> on <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><i><a href="/wiki/Principles_of_Islamic_jurisprudence" title="Principles of Islamic jurisprudence">Usul al-Fiqh</a></i></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-top:1px solid #686;background:rgb(220,245,220);border-bottom:1px solid #686;"> <i><a href="/wiki/Fiqh" title="Fiqh">Fiqh</a></i></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.1em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ijazah" title="Ijazah">Ijazah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ijma" title="Ijma">Ijma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ijtihad" title="Ijtihad">Ijtihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikhtilaf" title="Ikhtilaf">Ikhtilaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istihlal" title="Istihlal">Istihlal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istihsan" title="Istihsan">Istihsan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istishab" title="Istishab">Istishab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhhab" title="Madhhab">Madhhab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrasa" title="Madrasa">Madrasah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maslaha" title="Maslaha">Maslaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiyas" title="Qiyas">Qiyas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taqlid" title="Taqlid">Taqlid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taqwa" title="Taqwa">Taqwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urf" title="Urf">Urf</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-top:1px solid #686;background:rgb(220,245,220);border-bottom:1px solid #686;"> <i><a href="/wiki/Ahkam" title="Ahkam">Ahkam</a></i></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.1em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fard" title="Fard">Fard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustahabb" title="Mustahabb">Mustahabb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halal" title="Halal">Halal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mubah" title="Mubah">Mubah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makruh" title="Makruh">Makruh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haram" title="Haram">Haram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baligh" title="Baligh">Baligh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batil" title="Batil">Batil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bid%27ah" title="Bid'ah">Bid'ah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fahisha" title="Fahisha">Fahisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasiq" title="Fasiq">Fasiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fitna_(word)" title="Fitna (word)">Fitna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasad" title="Fasad">Fasad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghibah" title="Ghibah">Ghibah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_views_on_sin" title="Islamic views on sin">Gunah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haya_(Islam)" title="Haya (Islam)">Haya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hirabah" title="Hirabah">Hirabah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islah" title="Islah">Islah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istighfar" title="Istighfar">Istighfar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istishhad" title="Istishhad">Istishhad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jihad" title="Jihad">Jihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qasd" class="mw-redirect" title="Qasd">Qasd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunnah" title="Sunnah">Sunnah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tafsir" title="Tafsir">Tafsir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taghut" title="Taghut">Taghut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taqiyya" title="Taqiyya">Taqiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawbah" class="mw-redirect" title="Tawbah">Tawbah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tazkiah" class="mw-redirect" title="Tazkiah">Tazkiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thawab" title="Thawab">Thawab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moderation_in_Islam" title="Moderation in Islam">Wasat</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-top:1px solid #686;background:rgb(220,245,220);border-bottom:1px solid #686;"> Legal vocations and titles</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.1em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caliphate" title="Caliphate">Caliph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaykh_al-Isl%C4%81m" title="Shaykh al-Islām">Shaykh al-Islām</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayyid" title="Sayyid">Sayyid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharif" title="Sharif">Sharif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashraf" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashraf">Ashraf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadrat" title="Hadrat">Hadrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulama" title="Ulama">Ulama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faqeeh" class="mw-redirect" title="Faqeeh">Faqeeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allamah" title="Allamah">Allamah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohyeddin" title="Mohyeddin">Mohyeddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mufti" title="Mufti">Mufti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Mufti" title="Grand Mufti">Grand Mufti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hujjat_al-Islam" title="Hujjat al-Islam">Hujjat al-Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mujtahid" class="mw-redirect" title="Mujtahid">Mujtahid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayatollah" title="Ayatollah">Ayatollah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seghatoleslam" title="Seghatoleslam">Seghatoleslam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marja%27" title="Marja'">Marja'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafiz_(Quran)" title="Hafiz (Quran)">Hafiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hujja" title="Hujja">Hujja</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hakim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imam" title="Imam">Imam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mullah" title="Mullah">Mullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahdi" title="Mahdi">Mahdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mawlawi_(Islamic_title)" title="Mawlawi (Islamic title)">Mawlawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khatib" title="Khatib">Khatib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khawaja" title="Khawaja">Khawaja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mawl%C4%81n%C4%81" title="Mawlānā">Mawlānā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mawla" title="Mawla">Mawla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tafsir" title="Tafsir">Mufassir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murshid" title="Murshid">Murshid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pir_(Sufism)" title="Pir (Sufism)">Pir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wali" title="Wali">Wali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhund" title="Akhund">Akhund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhaddith" title="Muhaddith">Muhaddith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mujaddid" title="Mujaddid">Mujaddid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qadi" title="Qadi">Qadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh" title="Sheikh">Sheikh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marabout" title="Marabout">Marabout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulu%27l-amr" title="Ulu'l-amr">Ulu'l-amr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ustad" title="Ustad">Ustad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mu%27azzin" class="mw-redirect" title="Mu'azzin">Mu'azzin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murid" title="Murid">Murid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mujahideen" title="Mujahideen">Mujahideen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghazi_(warrior)" title="Ghazi (warrior)">Ghazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahid" title="Shahid">Shahid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajji" title="Hajji">Hajji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansar_(Islam)" title="Ansar (Islam)">Ansar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salaf" title="Salaf">Salaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahabah" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahabah">Sahabah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabi%27un" title="Tabi'un">Tabi'un</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabi%27_al-Tabi%27in" title="Tabi' al-Tabi'in">Tabi' al-Tabi'in</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Da%27i_al-Mutlaq" title="Da'i al-Mutlaq">Da'i al-Mutlaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Dawla" title="Al-Dawla">al-Dawla</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Usul_al-Fiqh" title="Template:Usul al-Fiqh"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Usul_al-Fiqh" title="Template talk:Usul al-Fiqh"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Usul_al-Fiqh" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Usul al-Fiqh"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b><span title="DIN 31635 Arabic (Arabic language) transliteration"><i lang="ar-Latn">Ḥakīm</i></span></b> and <b><span title="DIN 31635 Arabic (Arabic language) transliteration"><i lang="ar-Latn">Ḥākim</i></span></b> are two <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a> titles derived from the same <a href="/wiki/Triliteral" class="mw-redirect" title="Triliteral">triliteral</a> root Ḥ-K-M "appoint, choose, judge". </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hakīm_(حكيم)"><span id="Hak.C4.ABm_.28.D8.AD.D9.83.D9.8A.D9.85.29"></span>Hakīm (حكيم)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hakim_(title)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Hakīm (حكيم)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This title is one of the <a href="/wiki/99_Names_of_God_in_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="99 Names of God in Islam">99 Names of God in Islam</a>. </p><p>Hakīm (alternative transcription Hakeem) indicates a "wise man" or "physician", or in general, a practitioner of <a href="/wiki/Herbal_medicine" title="Herbal medicine">herbal medicine</a>, especially of <a href="/wiki/Unani" class="mw-redirect" title="Unani">Unani</a> and <a href="/wiki/Medicine_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Medicine in the medieval Islamic world">Islamic medicine</a>, like <a href="/wiki/Hakim_Ajmal_Khan" title="Hakim Ajmal Khan">Hakim Ajmal Khan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hakim_Said" class="mw-redirect" title="Hakim Said">Hakim Said</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hakim_Syed_Zillur_Rahman" title="Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman">Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman</a>, etc. </p><p>Hakīm or Hakeem (<a href="/wiki/Urdu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Urdu language">Urdu</a>: <span lang="ur" dir="rtl"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">حکیم</span></span>, <a href="/wiki/Hindi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindi language">Hindi</a>: <span lang="hi">हकीम</span>) is also used for practitioner of <a href="/wiki/Unani_medicine" title="Unani medicine">Eastern medicine</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> those versed in indigenous system of medicines.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hakīm was also used more generally during the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Golden_Age" title="Islamic Golden Age">Islamic Golden Age</a> to refer to <a href="/wiki/Polymath" title="Polymath">polymath</a> scholars who were knowledgeable in religion, medicine, <a href="/wiki/Science_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Science in the medieval Islamic world">the sciences</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Islamic_philosophy" title="Islamic philosophy">Islamic philosophy</a>. </p><p>Some examples of hakīm are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Sina" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Sina">Ibn Sina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_Khayyam" title="Omar Khayyam">Omar Khayyam</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uses">Uses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hakim_(title)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>In old <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Empire" title="Ethiopian Empire">Abyssinia</a> or <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a>, <i>Hakim</i> usually meant a learned person, usually a <a href="/wiki/Physician" title="Physician">physician</a>. Hence a <i>Hakim-Bejt</i> was a doctor's house or hospital.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/India_and_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="India and Pakistan">India and Pakistan</a>, <i>Hakim</i> or <i>Hakeem</i> denotes a herbal medicine practitioner, specially of <a href="/wiki/Unani" class="mw-redirect" title="Unani">Unani</a> medicine.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, <i>hekim</i> denotes a physician, while <i>hakim</i> can be used for a very wise person or philosopher. (See also the use of the <a href="/wiki/Homonym" title="Homonym">homonymous</a> word <i>hakim</i> for a judge, mentioned below.)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hākim_(حاكم)"><span id="H.C4.81kim_.28.D8.AD.D8.A7.D9.83.D9.85.29"></span>Hākim (حاكم)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hakim_(title)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Hākim (حاكم)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hākim (alternative transcription Hakem) means a ruler, <a href="/wiki/Governor" title="Governor">governor</a> or <a href="/wiki/Judge" title="Judge">judge</a>. As with many titles, it also occurs as a part of the names of many individuals. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_Arab_countries">In Arab countries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hakim_(title)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: In Arab countries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>In <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>, the full title of the <a href="/wiki/Emir" title="Emir">Emirs</a> under Ottoman (and a while Egyptian) sovereignty was <span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">al-Amir al-Hakim</i></span> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">الأمير الحكيم</span></span>), 1516–1842</li> <li>In three future <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf_emirates" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian Gulf emirates">Persian Gulf emirates</a>, the first monarchic style was <span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">hakim</i></span>: <ul><li>Since 1783 when the conquering al-Khalifah lineage settles on Bahrain to 16 August 1971, its style was <span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">Hakim al-Bahrayn</i></span> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">حكيم البحرين</span></span>, 'Ruler of <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a>'), then <span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">Amir Dawlat al-Bahrayn</i></span> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">أمير دولة البحرين</span></span>, 'Emir of the State of Bahrain'); since 14 February 2002, they have been styled <span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Malik" title="Malik">Malik</a> al-Bahrayn</i></span> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">ملك البحرين</span></span>, 'King of Bahrain').</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a>, since its 1752 founding, the ruling Al Sabah dynasty's style was <span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">Hakim al-Kuwayt</i></span> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">حكيم الكويت</span></span>, 'Ruler of Kuwait'), from 1871 also <span title="Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928)-language text"><i lang="ota-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Kaymakam" title="Kaymakam">Kaymakam</a></i></span> (<span title="Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928)-language text"><span lang="ota" dir="rtl">قایمقام</span></span>): district administrator, while recognizing the sovereignty of the Ottoman Empire (as <span title="Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928)-language text"><i lang="ota-Latn">kazan</i></span> [district] of Baghdad and from 1875 <a href="/wiki/Basra_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Basra Vilayet">Basra <span title="Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928)-language text"><i lang="ota-Latn">Vilayet</i></span></a> (<span title="Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928)-language text"><span lang="ota" dir="rtl">ولایت</span></span>, seats of the governors, styled <a href="/wiki/Wali" title="Wali">Wali</a>, in Iraq) until 3 November 1914, then under British <a href="/wiki/Protectorate" title="Protectorate">protectorate</a>) until independence on 19 June 1961. Since then the style has officially been <span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">Amir ad-Dawlat al-Kuwayt</i></span> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">أمير الدولة الكويت</span></span>, 'Emir of the State of Kuwait');</li> <li>Since on Muhammad ibn Thani's 12 September 1868 treaty with the British, effectively establishing <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a> (previously considered to be a dependency of Bahrain) as an independent State (limited to Doha and Wakrah, only later expanded to the entire peninsula), his al-Thani dynasty's style was <span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">Hakim Qatar</i></span> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">حكيم قطر</span></span>, 'Ruler of Qatar'). From 1871, they were also styked <span title="Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928)-language text"><i lang="ota-Latn">Kaymakam</i></span>, Ottoman district administrator, as with Kuwait above, until 3 November 1916, thereafter under British protectorate. Since independence from Britain on 3 September 1971, the style has been <span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">Amir Dawlat Qatar</i></span> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">أمير دولة قطر</span></span>, 'Emir of the State of Qatar').</li></ul></li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a>, Hakim was the 1946 – 12 February 1950 style of the "ruler" of the former sultanate of <a href="/wiki/Fezzan" title="Fezzan">Fezzan</a> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">فزان</span></span>) during the UN administration (in practice by France, with its own concurrent military governor); the only incumbent, Ahmad Sayf an-Nasr (born <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1876</span>, died 1954), stayed on as regional <a href="/wiki/Wali" title="Wali">wali</a> (governor; in French <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Chef du territoire</i></span> 'head of the territory') in the united <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Libya" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom of Libya">Libyan kingdom</a> until 24 December 1951, with a French <a href="/wiki/Resident_(title)" class="mw-redirect" title="Resident (title)">Resident</a> at his side, and then, without such French shadow, as first royal governor (until 1954).</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a> until 1902 (changed to Sultan) the rulers of the Quaiti State of Shir and Mukalla, ash-Shihr Wa´l Mukalla, as before the 10 November 1881 merger with the Naqib of Mukalla's state it has been the princely style of ash-Shihr since independence from the Ottomans in 1866.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Elsewhere">Elsewhere</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hakim_(title)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Elsewhere"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>In the <a href="/wiki/Makran" title="Makran">Makran</a> region of <a href="/wiki/Sistan_and_Baluchestan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Sistan and Baluchestan Province">Sistan and Baluchestan Province</a> in <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, <i>hakom</i> refers to <a href="/wiki/Sardar" title="Sardar">sardars</a> and <a href="/wiki/Khan_(title)" title="Khan (title)">khans</a> in the traditional <a href="/wiki/Baluchistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Baluchistan">Baluchi</a> government.<sup id="cite_ref-salzman_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-salzman-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, <i>hakim</i> denotes a judge.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Bada_Hakim" class="mw-redirect" title="Bada Hakim">Bada Hakim</a> was in charge of a district of the realm.</li> <li>In the <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Bukhara" title="Emirate of Bukhara">Emirate of Bukhara</a>, <i>hakem</i> was the title of a governor.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Sokoto_Caliphate" title="Sokoto Caliphate">Sokoto Caliphate</a> is ceremonially governed by <i>hakimai</i> (sing. "hakimi"), chiefs that are answerable to the Sultan of Sokoto and the Emirs of the realm.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a>, the term <i>hokim</i> is used to describe a governor or mayor of a region.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>, the term <i>äkim</i> is used to describe local-level mayors or governors of regions within the country.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Furthermore">Furthermore</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hakim_(title)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Furthermore"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As with many titles, the word also occurs in many personal names, without any noble or political significance. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hakim_(title)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sharif" title="Sharif">Sharif</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hakim_(title)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ur.oxforddictionaries.com/translate/urdu-english/%D8%AD%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%85">"حکیم | Urdu to English Translation - Oxford Dictionaries"</a>. <i>Oxford Urdu Living Dictionary</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oxford+Urdu+Living+Dictionary&rft.atitle=%D8%AD%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%85+%26%23124%3B+Urdu+to+English+Translation+-+Oxford+Dictionaries&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fur.oxforddictionaries.com%2Ftranslate%2Furdu-english%2F%25D8%25AD%25DA%25A9%25DB%258C%25D9%2585&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHakim+%28title%29" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged September 2022">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Op0WAAAAIAAJ&q=Bachelors+of+Unani+Tib+and+Surgery,+to+practice+as+Hakim">"Universities of the World Outside the U.S.A"</a>. 1950.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Universities+of+the+World+Outside+the+U.S.A&rft.date=1950&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOp0WAAAAIAAJ%26q%3DBachelors%2Bof%2BUnani%2BTib%2Band%2BSurgery%2C%2Bto%2Bpractice%2Bas%2BHakim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHakim+%28title%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-salzman-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-salzman_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Philip Carl Salzman, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/mesh/files/2008/06/baluch_salzman1.pdf">"Politics and Change among the Baluch in Iran"</a>, June 20, 2008.</span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hakim_(title)&oldid=1253467261">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hakim_(title)&oldid=1253467261</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Gubernatorial_titles" title="Category:Gubernatorial titles">Gubernatorial titles</a></li><li><a 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