CINXE.COM

Ling Ling Ang - Concurrences

<!DOCTYPE HTML> <html class="page_auteur auteur_defaut composition_defaut ltr en no-js" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <base href="https://www.concurrences.com/"> <script type='text/javascript'>/*<![CDATA[*/(function(H){H.className=H.className.replace(/\bno-js\b/,'js')})(document.documentElement);/*]]>*/</script> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>Ling Ling Ang - Concurrences</title> <meta name="description" content="Nominee, 2022 Antitrust Writing Awards: Business, Digital" /> <style type='text/css'>img.adapt-img{max-width:100%;height:auto;}.adapt-img-wrapper {display:inline-block;max-width:100%;position:relative;background-position:center;background-size:cover;background-repeat:no-repeat;line-height:1px;overflow:hidden}.adapt-img-wrapper.intrinsic{display:block}.adapt-img-wrapper.intrinsic::before{content:'';display:block;height:0;width:100%;}.adapt-img-wrapper.intrinsic img{position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:auto;}.adapt-img-wrapper.loading:not(.loaded){background-size: cover;}@media (min-width:320.5px){.adapt-img-wrapper.intrinsic-desktop{display:block}.adapt-img-wrapper.intrinsic-desktop::before{content:'';display:block;height:0;width:100%;}.adapt-img-wrapper.intrinsic-desktop img{position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:auto;}}.adapt-img-background{width:100%;height:0}@media print{html .adapt-img-wrapper{background:none}}</style> <!--[if !IE]><!--><script type='text/javascript'>/*<![CDATA[*/var adaptImgDocLength=43767;adaptImgAsyncStyles="picture.adapt-img-wrapper{background-size:0;}";adaptImgLazy=false;(function(){function d(a){var b=document.documentElement;b.className=b.className+" "+a}function f(a){var b=window.onload;window.onload="function"!=typeof window.onload?a:function(){b&&b();a()}}document.createElement("picture");adaptImgLazy&&d("lazy");var a=!1;if("undefined"!==typeof window.performance)a=window.performance.timing,a=(a=~~(adaptImgDocLength/(a.responseEnd-a.connectStart)))&&50>a;else{var c=navigator.connection||navigator.mozConnection||navigator.webkitConnection;"undefined"!==typeof c&& (a=3==c.type||4==c.type||/^[23]g$/.test(c.type))}a&&d("aislow");var e=function(){var a=document.createElement("style");a.type="text/css";a.innerHTML=adaptImgAsyncStyles;var b=document.getElementsByTagName("style")[0];b.parentNode.insertBefore(a,b);window.matchMedia||window.onbeforeprint||beforePrint()};"undefined"!==typeof jQuery?jQuery(function(){jQuery(window).on('load',e)}):f(e)})();/*]]>*/</script> <!--<![endif]--> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.concurrences.com/en/auteurs/ling-ling-ang" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Ling Ling Ang" href="en/page/backend/?id_auteur=132233" /> <link rel="icon" type="image/svg+xml" href="https://www.concurrences.com/squelettes/img/logo/favicon/favicon.svg" /> <link rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" sizes="32x32" href="https://www.concurrences.com/local/cache-gd2/38/eb53752304d66f157aaf81b9ef6dd6.ico" /> <link rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" sizes="48x48" href="https://www.concurrences.com/local/cache-gd2/2b/0d54d963c60e773622ff95e0b4c182.ico" /> <link rel="alternate icon" type="image/png" sizes="192x192" href="https://www.concurrences.com/local/cache-gd2/b8/42ed8c8a24f31e702c68b2aa6f69ba.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://www.concurrences.com/local/cache-gd2/05/6ca8b6d4c932f8e13bf741535dd98e.png" /><!-- Matomo --> <script type="text/javascript"> var _paq = window._paq || []; /* tracker methods like "setCustomDimension" should be called before "trackPageView" */ _paq.push(['trackPageView']); _paq.push(['enableLinkTracking']); (function() { var u="https://matomo.concurrences.com/"; _paq.push(['setTrackerUrl', u+'matomo.php']); _paq.push(['setSiteId', '1']); var d=document, g=d.createElement('script'), s=d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; g.type='text/javascript'; g.async=true; g.defer=true; g.src=u+'matomo.js'; s.parentNode.insertBefore(g,s); })(); </script> <!-- End Matomo Code --><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <meta name="generator" content="SPIP 4.3.4" /> <meta name="bingbot" content="nocache" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Subscribe to the whole site" href="en/page/backend/" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <link rel='stylesheet' href='local/cache-css/9ef4d70b4b6709daec6af6b3147131c3.css?1732629439' type='text/css' /> <script>window.MathJaxLib='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/es5/tex-chtml.js';window.MathJax={ startup: { elements: ['.spip-math'] }, tex: { inlineMath: [['$', '$']] }, svg: { fontCache: 'global' } };</script><script type='text/javascript'>var var_zajax_content='content';</script><script> var mediabox_settings={"auto_detect":true,"ns":"box","tt_img":true,"sel_g":"#documents_portfolio a[type='image\/jpeg'],#documents_portfolio a[type='image\/png'],#documents_portfolio a[type='image\/gif']","sel_c":".mediabox","str_ssStart":"Slideshow","str_ssStop":"Stop","str_cur":"{current}\/{total}","str_prev":"Previous","str_next":"Next","str_close":"Close","str_loading":"Loading\u2026","str_petc":"Press \u2019Esc\u2019 to close","str_dialTitDef":"Dialogue box","str_dialTitMed":"Media display","splash_url":"","lity":{"skin":"_simple-dark","maxWidth":"90%","maxHeight":"90%","minWidth":"400px","minHeight":"","slideshow_speed":"2500","opacite":"0.8","defaultCaptionState":"expanded"}}; </script> <!-- insert_head_css --> <style>p.spip-math {margin:1em 0;text-align: center}</style> <script type='text/javascript' src='local/cache-js/54e8ce81bfe7b8537886d04b4fb6cdfc.js?1732029944'></script> <!-- insert_head --> <script type="text/javascript"> window.spipConfig ??= {}; spipConfig.select2 ??= {}; spipConfig.select2.selector ??= ''; </script><script src="https://cdn.nuclia.cloud/nuclia-video-widget.umd.js"></script><link rel="alternate" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://www.concurrences.com/oembed.api/?format=json&amp;url=%2F%2Fen%2Fauteurs%2Fling-ling-ang" /> <script>var error_on_ajaxform='Ooops. An unexpected error prevented to submit the form. You can try again.';</script> </head> <body> <div class="page" id="page"> <header id="header" class="page-header" data-idc-header-sticky role="banner"> <section id="header-main" class="page-header__main"> <div id="header-logo" class="page-header__logo"> <a rel="start home" href="https://www.concurrences.com/en/" title="Home"> <img src='squelettes/img/logo/20ans/concurrences.svg?1704296160' alt='Concurrences' width='2750' height='800' /> </a> </div> <nav id="header-aside1" class="page-header__aside page-header__aside_1"> <span class="social social_links"> <a class="social__icon social__icon_twitter" href="https://twitter.com/CompetitionLaws" title="Visit our Twitter page" target="_blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer"> <em class="idc-icon idc-icon_twitter-fill" aria-hidden></em> <span class="visually-hidden">Twitter (opens a new window)</span> </a> <a class="social__icon social__icon_linkedin" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/institute-of-competition-law-icl-institut-de-droit-de-la-concurrence-idc-" title="Visit our Linkedin page" target="_blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer"> <em class="idc-icon idc-icon_linkedin-fill" aria-hidden></em> <span class="visually-hidden">Linkedin (opens a new window)</span> </a> <a class="social__icon social__icon_facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/concurrences.review/" title="Visit our Facebook page" target="_blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer"> <em class="idc-icon idc-icon_facebook-fill" aria-hidden></em> <span class="visually-hidden">Facebook (opens a new window)</span> </a> <a class="social__icon social__icon_instagram" href="https://www.instagram.com/concurrences_review/" title="Visit our Instagram page" target="_blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer"> <em class="idc-icon idc-icon_instagram-fill" aria-hidden></em> <span class="visually-hidden">Instagram (opens a new window)</span> </a> <a class="social__icon social__icon_youtube" href="https://www.youtube.com/c/ConcurrencesReview" title="Visit our Youtube page" target="_blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer"> <em class="idc-icon idc-icon_youtube-fill" aria-hidden></em> <span class="visually-hidden">Youtube (opens a new window)</span> </a> </span> <span class="lang"> <a href='https://www.concurrences.com/spip.php?action=language&amp;var_lang=fr&amp;redirect=%2F%2Fen%2Fauteurs%2Fling-ling-ang' title='Passer &#224; la version fran&#231;aise'>Fr</a> | <strong class="on active">En</strong> </span> <span class="about"> <a href="en/institute" title="About Concurrences"><em class="idc-icon idc-icon_info" aria-hidden></em> <span class="about__label">About</span></a> </span> </nav> <nav id="header-aside2" class="page-header__aside page-header__aside_2"> <a href="en/page/subscribe/" class="tem newsletter"><em class="idc-icon idc-icon_mail" aria-hidden></em> <span>Newsletter</span></a> <a href="en/page/login/" class="item popin link-popin-login"><em class="idc-icon idc-icon_log-in" aria-hidden></em> <span>Sign in</span></a> <a href="en/page/cart/" class="item"> <em class="idc-icon idc-icon_shopping-cart" aria-hidden></em> <span>Cart</span> </a> <button class="item search hide" onclick="jQuery('#header-search').toggleClass('visible');return false;"> <em class="idc-icon idc-icon_search" aria-hidden></em> </button> </nav> </section> <section id="header-nav" class="page-header__nav"> <nav class="navbar navbar-responsive"> <div class="menu-conteneur navbar-inner container-fluid"> <a class="btn btn-navbar navbar-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".nav-collapse-main"><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span></a> <div class="nav-collapse navbar-collapse nav-collapse-main collapse"><ul class="menu-liste menu-items navbar-nav nav" data-depth="0"> <li class="menu-entree item menu-items__item menu-items__item_objet menu-items__item_rubrique item_menu"> <a href="en/bulletin/" class="menu-items__lien">Bulletin</a> </li> <li class="menu-entree item menu-items__item menu-items__item_objet menu-items__item_rubrique item_menu"> <a href="en/review/" class="menu-items__lien">Review</a> </li> <li class="menu-entree item menu-items__item menu-items__item_objet menu-items__item_rubrique item_menu"> <a href="en/events/" class="menu-items__lien">Events</a> </li> <li class="menu-entree item menu-items__item menu-items__item_objet menu-items__item_rubrique"> <a href="en/all-books/" class="menu-items__lien">Books</a> </li> <li class="menu-entree item menu-items__item menu-items__item_objet menu-items__item_rubrique item_badge"> <a href="en/dictionary/" class="menu-items__lien">Dictionary <small>Free</small></a> </li> <li class="menu-entree item menu-items__item menu-items__item_objet menu-items__item_article"> <a href="en/podcasts" class="menu-items__lien">Podcasts</a> </li> <li class="menu-entree item menu-items__item menu-items__item_lien"> <a href="https://awards.concurrences.com" class="menu-items__lien">Awards</a> </li> <li class="menu-entree item menu-items__item menu-items__item_objet menu-items__item_rubrique item-primary"> <a href="en/abonnements/" class="menu-items__lien">Subscriptions</a> </li> </ul></div></div> </nav> </section> <section id="header-search" class="page-header__search searchbar"> <hr> <div class="searchbar-item searchbar-item_search"> <div class="searchbar-inner"> <div class="formulaire_spip formulaire_recherche form-search"> <form action="en/page/recherche/#" method="get"><div> <label for="recherche" class="over offscreen">Search:</label> <div class="input-append input-group input-group-text-search"> <input type="text" class="search text search-query form-control" name="recherche" id="recherche" accesskey="4" autocapitalize="off" autocorrect="off" placeholder="Type your search&#8230;"/> <span class="btn-group input-group-btn"> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" > <i class="picto picto-search"></i> <span>Search</span> </button> </span> </div> </div></form> </div> </div> </div> </section> </header> <nav class="breadcrumb-wrapper" id="breadcrumb-wrapper" role="navigation"> <div class="container"> <ul class="breadcrumb"> <li><a href="https://www.concurrences.com/">Home</a><span class="divider"> &gt; </span></li> <li><a href="en/page/authors/">Authors</a><span class="divider"> &gt; </span></li> <li class="active"><span>Ling Ling Ang</span></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <div class="central" id="central"> <div class="banner-top" id="banner-top"> <div class="container"> </div> </div> <div class="wrapper" id="wrapper"> <div class="container"> <main class="content primary" id="content" role="main"> <div class="author vcard" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <section class="section section_primary section_presentation"> <div class="section__container"> <div class="row presentation-auteur"> <div class="col-xs-3 col-md-2 col-logo"> <div class="col-inner"> <img src="local/cache-vignettes/L200xH200/auton132233-0e81a.png?1711509141" class='spip_logo spip_logo_auteur spip_logos' width='200' height='200' alt="" itemprop='image' /> <div class="social-links"> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/ling-ling-ang-1a72a37/"><em class="idc-icon idc-icon_linkedin-fill" aria-hidden></em> Linkedin</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-9 col-md-7"> <div class="col-inner"> <header class="cartouche"> <span class="logo-organisation"><a href='https://www.nera.com/' target='_blank' rel='noopener'><img src='local/cache-vignettes/L300xH58/nera_logo_2022_black_and_purple_cmyk-925a3.jpg?1728663549' alt='NERA (Washington)' width='150' height='29' /></a></span> <div class="logo-auteur-rwd"> <img src="local/cache-vignettes/L200xH200/auton132233-0e81a.png?1711509141" class='spip_logo spip_logo_auteur spip_logos' width='200' height='200' alt="" itemprop='image' /> </div> <h1 class="fn" itemprop="name">Ling Ling Ang </h1> <div class="institution">NERA (Washington)</div> <div class="role"> <span class="fonction">Managing Director</span> </div> </header> <div class="main"> <div class="crayon contact-descriptif-113469 texte descriptif"><p>Dr. Xiaoling "Ling Ling" Ang is a Managing Director primarily based out of Washington DC and specializing in consumer financial services, antitrust, and labor economics. She chiefly directs matters in the consumer financial services, banking, insurance, and finance industries. Dr. Ang focuses on applying rigorous economic and econometric methods to these areas, including in regulatory and state attorney general actions, class certification and damages analysis, policy evaluation, cost-benefit analysis, and fair lending analysis. Prior to working in economic consulting, Dr. Ang was one of the original economists at the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB). At the CFPB, Dr. Ang frequently served as the Lead Economist on Bureau initiatives and rulemakings, including TILA/RESPA, a deposit products rulemaking; interagency appraisal rulemakings (Higher Risk Mortgage Rulemaking and ECOA Amendment); larger participant rulemakings in student loan servicing and international money transfers; randomized control trials; disclosure testing; and on a Congressional report on private student loans. Before joining the CFPB, Dr. Ang was a Financial Economist at the FDIC.</p></div> <h3 class="distinction">Distinctions</h3> <div class="crayon contact-bio-113469 texte bio"><p><a href="https://awards.concurrences.com/en/awards/2022/business-articles/" class="spip_out" rel="external">Nominee, 2022 Antitrust Writing Awards: Business, Digital</a></p> <div class="spip_document_101206 spip_document spip_documents spip_document_image spip_documents_left spip_document_left"> <figure class="spip_doc_inner"> <img src="https://www.concurrences.com/IMG/png/logo-awa-nominated_1_2_.png?101206/7bc13a5fcb04679f79df4e7af2bc618dcafafbe7f3d044f710aaffe8a4801242" width="100" height="70" alt=""> </figure> </div></div> <div class="p"> <a href="//en/auteurs/ling-ling-ang#contact" class="btn btn-contact btn-contact-rwd btn-primary-border popin pull-left" data-href-popin="#contact">Contact</a> <div class="social-links social-links-rwd pull-right"> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/ling-ling-ang-1a72a37/"> Linkedin</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-3 col-aside"> <div class="liste auteurs co-auteurs"> <h2>Linked authors</h2> <div class="liste-items liste-items-well"> <div class='ajaxbloc' data-ajax-env='1+XzRhK9u1Abx7ATovcmz1waEKm9Euejzz6FFXYgwiyEpXwja8SEy4cqkVYj4EL0haSX5OKRHrpEb9/0ZIlcQXyzXGB8lRDwYs/ARtyxClCmO6WuKhlbSfUCR886PoxUFmVtkjRbz69Y2UusxL4VJB0XzJsg5fYPNEPLYF/ECtDRL9TndlkXKd+WaA6gEImqK3eokqq3yrRCX1eGksBHRq9iLFIV8hXATDh22+0mvgpIdG8BLHbdrnIUtztDPit+7abMlnIHRj9f' data-origin="//en/auteurs/ling-ling-ang"> <div class="item"><div class="entry auteur" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <strong class="entry-title"> <a href="en/auteurs/claire-chunying-xie" itemprop="url"> <span class='logo-img-wrapper spip_logo' style="width:35px;"><span class="img" style="display:block;position:relative;height:0;width:100%;padding-bottom:100%;overflow:hidden;background:url(local/cache-vignettes/L70xH70/auton126692-58445.jpg?1711360052) no-repeat center;background-size:100%;"> </span></span> <span itemprop="name" class="nom">Claire Chunying Xie</span></a> </strong> <div class="entry-content"> <span class='organisation' itemprop="worksFor" itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization">NERA (Washington)</span> </div> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="pays">United States</span> <span class="articles"><em>1</em> contribution</span> <span class="visites"><em>3680</em> visits</span> </div> </div></div> <div class="item"><div class="entry auteur" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <strong class="entry-title"> <a href="en/auteurs/emilie-feyler" itemprop="url"> <span class='logo-img-wrapper spip_logo' style="width:35px;"><span class="img" style="display:block;position:relative;height:0;width:100%;padding-bottom:100%;overflow:hidden;background:url(local/cache-vignettes/L70xH70/feyler_emilie_web_600x600-db372.png?1712050177) no-repeat center;background-size:100%;"> </span></span> <span itemprop="name" class="nom">Emilie Feyler</span></a> </strong> <div class="entry-content"> <span class='organisation' itemprop="worksFor" itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization">The GW Competition &amp; Innovation Lab (Washington)</span> </div> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="pays">United States</span> <span class="articles"><em>1</em> contribution</span> <span class="visites"><em>3680</em> visits</span> </div> </div></div> <div class="item"><div class="entry auteur" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <strong class="entry-title"> <a href="en/authors/alan-grant" itemprop="url"> <span class='logo-img-wrapper spip_logo' style="width:35px;"><span class="img" style="display:block;position:relative;height:0;width:100%;padding-bottom:97.14%;overflow:hidden;background:url(local/cache-vignettes/L70xH68/auton111200-75f63.jpg?1711359511) no-repeat center;background-size:100%;"> </span></span> <span itemprop="name" class="nom">Alan Grant</span></a> </strong> <div class="entry-content"> <span class='organisation' itemprop="worksFor" itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization">NERA (Washington)</span> </div> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="pays">United States</span> <span class="articles"><em>1</em> contribution</span> <span class="visites"><em>716</em> visits</span> </div> </div></div> <div class="item"><div class="entry auteur" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <strong class="entry-title"> <a href="en/authors/tomas-haug" itemprop="url"> <span class='logo-img-wrapper spip_logo' style="width:35px;"><span class="img" style="display:block;position:relative;height:0;width:100%;padding-bottom:100%;overflow:hidden;background:url(local/cache-vignettes/L70xH70/auton125912-a1bdd.png?1711359511) no-repeat center;background-size:100%;"> </span></span> <span itemprop="name" class="nom">Tomas Haug</span></a> </strong> <div class="entry-content"> <span class='organisation' itemprop="worksFor" itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization">NERA (Berlin)</span> </div> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="pays">Germany</span> <span class="articles"><em>1</em> contribution</span> <span class="visites"><em>853</em> visits</span> </div> </div></div> <div class="item"><div class="entry auteur" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <strong class="entry-title"> <a href="en/authors/marc-ivaldi" itemprop="url"> <span class='logo-img-wrapper spip_logo' style="width:35px;"><span class="img" style="display:block;position:relative;height:0;width:100%;padding-bottom:100%;overflow:hidden;background:url(local/cache-vignettes/L70xH70/auton26263-f5b8c.jpg?1711359511) no-repeat center;background-size:100%;"> </span></span> <span itemprop="name" class="nom">Marc Ivaldi</span></a> </strong> <div class="entry-content"> <span class='organisation' itemprop="worksFor" itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization">Toulouse School of Economics</span> </div> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="pays">France</span> <span class="articles"><em>8</em> contributions</span> <span class="visites"><em>66871</em> visits</span> </div> </div></div> <div class="pagination more center"><a id='pagination_coauteurs' class='pagination_ancre'></a> <ul class="pager"> <li class="next"><a href='//en/auteurs/ling-ling-ang?debut_coauteurs=5#pagination_coauteurs' class='lien_pagination more' rel='next'>More…</a></li> </ul></div> </div><!--ajaxbloc--> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="section section_primary section_events"> <div class="section__container"> <div class="section__content"> <h2 class="content-inner-title"><span> <span class="small visites"><i class="picto picto-eye"></i> 121</span> <span class="sep">|</span> Events</span></h2> <div class="list list_events list_events_articles list_cols3"> <div class="list__items"> <div class="list__item"> <article class="preview preview_event preview_event_article preview_event_simple ratio_5-3" id="evenement_6718" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Event" > <header class="preview__header"> <span itemprop="name" class="preview__heading crayon article-titre-121740 "> <a itemprop="url" class="url" href="en/events/competition-in-the-payments-sector"> Competition in the Payments Sector </a> </span> </header> <div class="preview__img"> <picture class="adapt-img-wrapper c1425494503 jpg" style="background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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)"> <!--[if IE 9]><video style="display: none;"><![endif]--><source media="(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2), (min-resolution: 2dppx)" srcset="local/adapt-img/320/20x/local/cache-vignettes/L750xH500/_q7a3451-2-aaff2.jpg@.webp?1731545059 640w, local/adapt-img/640/20x/local/cache-vignettes/L750xH500/_q7a3451-2-aaff2.jpg@.webp?1731521163 1280w, local/adapt-img/750/20x/local/cache-vignettes/L750xH500/_q7a3451-2-aaff2.jpg@.webp?1731519940 1500w" sizes="(min-width: 960px) 960px, 100vw" type="image/webp"><source media="(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2), (min-resolution: 2dppx)" srcset="local/adapt-img/320/20x/local/cache-vignettes/L750xH500/_q7a3451-2-aaff2.jpg?1731741228 640w, local/adapt-img/640/20x/local/cache-vignettes/L750xH500/_q7a3451-2-aaff2.jpg?1731741227 1280w, local/adapt-img/750/20x/local/cache-vignettes/L750xH500/_q7a3451-2-aaff2.jpg?1731590747 1500w" sizes="(min-width: 960px) 960px, 100vw" type="image/jpeg"><source media="(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.5), (min-resolution: 1.5dppx)" srcset="local/adapt-img/320/15x/local/cache-vignettes/L750xH500/_q7a3451-2-aaff2.jpg@.webp?1731594806 480w, local/adapt-img/640/15x/local/cache-vignettes/L750xH500/_q7a3451-2-aaff2.jpg@.webp?1731520771 960w, local/adapt-img/750/15x/local/cache-vignettes/L750xH500/_q7a3451-2-aaff2.jpg@.webp?1731520318 1125w" sizes="(min-width: 960px) 960px, 100vw" type="image/webp"><source media="(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.5), (min-resolution: 1.5dppx)" srcset="local/adapt-img/320/15x/local/cache-vignettes/L750xH500/_q7a3451-2-aaff2.jpg?1731741228 480w, local/adapt-img/640/15x/local/cache-vignettes/L750xH500/_q7a3451-2-aaff2.jpg?1731741228 960w, local/adapt-img/750/15x/local/cache-vignettes/L750xH500/_q7a3451-2-aaff2.jpg?1731741228 1125w" sizes="(min-width: 960px) 960px, 100vw" type="image/jpeg"><source media="(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1), (min-resolution: 1dppx)" srcset="local/adapt-img/320/10x/local/cache-vignettes/L750xH500/_q7a3451-2-aaff2.jpg@.webp?1731627813 320w, local/adapt-img/640/10x/local/cache-vignettes/L750xH500/_q7a3451-2-aaff2.jpg@.webp?1731530737 640w, local/adapt-img/750/10x/local/cache-vignettes/L750xH500/_q7a3451-2-aaff2.jpg@.webp?1731520245 750w" sizes="(min-width: 960px) 960px, 100vw" type="image/webp"><!--[if IE 9]></video><![endif]--> <img src='local/adapt-img/750/10x/local/cache-vignettes/L750xH500/_q7a3451-2-aaff2.jpg?1731522233' class='adapt-img spip_logo' alt="alt" width='750' height='500' itemprop='image' srcset='local/adapt-img/320/10x/local/cache-vignettes/L750xH500/_q7a3451-2-aaff2.jpg?1731741228 320w, local/adapt-img/640/10x/local/cache-vignettes/L750xH500/_q7a3451-2-aaff2.jpg?1731741228 640w, local/adapt-img/750/10x/local/cache-vignettes/L750xH500/_q7a3451-2-aaff2.jpg?1731522233 750w' sizes='(min-width: 960px) 960px, 100vw' /></picture> </div> <div class="preview__metas"> <time class="preview__meta preview__meta_date date" datetime="2024-11-12 18:00:00"> <span class="date"><span class="dm"><span class="d">12 </span><span class="m">Nov</span></span><span class="y"> 2024</span></span> </time> <meta itemprop="startDate" value="2024-11-12T17:00:00Z"> <meta itemprop="endDate" value="2024-11-12T21:00:00Z"> <span class="preview__meta preview__meta_location" itemprop="location">New York</span> </div> <div class="preview__content"> <div class="introduction crayon article-descriptif-121740 "><p>The "Dinner and Discussion: Competition in the Payments Sector" organised by Concurrences under Chatham House Rule with <a href="en/auteurs/jeffrey-tassey" class="spip_in">Jeffrey Tassey</a> (Electronic Payments Coalition) and <a href="en/auteurs/ling-ling-ang" class="spip_in">Ling Ling Ang</a> (NERA) in partnership with NERA took place in New York on November 12th, 2024.</p></div> <a href="en/events/competition-in-the-payments-sector" class="view-more view-more_doc"><i class="idc-icon idc-icon_file"></i> See documents</a> </div> <div class="preview__extra"> <ul class="authors"> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/auteurs/jeffrey-tassey" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Jeffrey Tassey<span class="sep"> & </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/auteurs/ling-ling-ang" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Ling Ling Ang</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="section section_primary section_awards"> <div class="section__container"> <h2 class="content-inner-title"><span>Awards Articles</span></h2> <div class="liste"> <div class="liste-items-well"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-6"> <div class="item content-thematique"> <article class="article auteurs_3 article-awards"> <div class="article-awards-qualification"> <span class="awards-article-annee">2022</span> <span>-</span> <span class="awards-article-categorie">Business Articles</span> </div> <strong class="h6 entry-title"><a href="https://awards.concurrences.com/en/awards/2022/business-articles/fintech-developments-and-antitrust-considerations-in-payments" rel="bookmark">Fintech developments and antitrust considerations in payments</a></strong> <div class="publication"> <div class="authors"> <div class="item"> <div class="entry auteur" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <strong class="entry-title"> <a href="en/auteurs/ling-ling-ang" itemprop="url"> <span itemprop="name" class="nom">Ling Ling Ang</span></a> </strong> <div class="entry-content"> <span class='organisation' itemprop="worksFor" itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization">NERA (Washington)</span> </div> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="pays">United States</span> <span class="articles"><em>1</em> contribution</span> <span class="visites"><em>121</em> visits</span> </div> </div> <span class="sep">,</span> </div> <div class="item"> <div class="entry auteur" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <strong class="entry-title"> <a href="en/authors/will-taylor" itemprop="url"> <span itemprop="name" class="nom">Will Taylor</span></a> </strong> <div class="entry-content"> <span class='organisation' itemprop="worksFor" itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization">NERA (Auckland)</span> </div> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="pays">New Zealand</span> </div> </div> <span class="sep">,</span> </div> <div class="item"> <div class="entry auteur" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <strong class="entry-title"> <a href="en/auteurs/max-perez" itemprop="url"> <span itemprop="name" class="nom">Max Perez Leon Quinoso</span></a> </strong> <div class="entry-content"> <span class='organisation' itemprop="worksFor" itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization">Amazon (Washington)</span> </div> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="pays">United States</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="section section_primary section_stats" id="statistiques"> <div class="section__container"> <h2 class="content-inner-title"><span>Statistics</span></h2> <div class="row statistiques-auteur"> <div class="col-sm-8 col-sm-offset-2 col-md-6 col-md-offset-3"> <div class="col-xs-4"> <span class="stat"> <img src='squelettes/img/stat-big-eye.png?1549956136' alt='' width='25' height='17' /><br/> <em>124</em> </span> <strong class="stat-label">Total visits</strong> </div> <div class="col-xs-4"> <span class="stat"> <img src='squelettes/img/stat-big-eye.png?1549956136' alt='' width='25' height='17' /><br/> <em>31</em> </span> <strong class="stat-label">Number of readings per contribution</strong> </div> <div class="col-xs-4"> <span class="stat"> <img src='squelettes/img/stat-pie.png?1549956136' alt='' width='21' height='21' /><br/> <em>4</em> </span> <strong class="stat-label">Number of contributions</strong> </div> <div class="separateur"> <span class="stat"> <img src='squelettes/img/stat-podium.png?1549956136' alt='' width='39' height='22' /><br/> <em>Author's ranking</em> </span> </div> <div class="col-xs-4"> <div class="stat-number"> <em>3787<sup>th</sup></em> </div> <strong class="stat-label">In number of contributions</strong> </div> <div class="col-xs-4"> <div class="stat-number"> <em>8892<sup>th</sup></em> </div> <strong class="stat-label">In number of visits</strong> </div> <div class="col-xs-4"> <div class="stat-number"> <em>10110<sup>th</sup></em> </div> <strong class="stat-label">In average number of visits</strong> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function() { // selectionner tous les liens vers des images var medias = jQuery('.collection-views').find('.link-media').not('.hasbox'); active_collection_popin(medias); }); onAjaxLoad(function() { var medias = jQuery('.link-media',this).not('.hasbox'); active_collection_popin(medias); }); </script> </main> <aside class="aside secondary" id="aside"> </aside> <aside class="extra secondary" id="extra"> </aside> </div> </div> <footer class="banner-bottom" id="banner-bottom"> <div class="container"> </div> </footer> </div> <footer class="footer" id="footer" role="contentinfo"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-4 col-xs-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-6 col-md-4"> <div class="adresse small"> <img src='squelettes/img/logo/concurrences-crop.svg?1704296160' alt='Concurrences' class='logo-concurrences' width='1680' height='408' /> <img src='squelettes/img/logo/20ans/20ans-crop.svg?1704296160' alt='Concurrences' class='logo-20ans' width='617' height='439' /> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-md-8"> <div class="adresse small"> <p>19 avenue Jean Aicard<br class='autobr' /> 75011 Paris, France </p> <p>106 West 32nd Street, Suite 149<br class='autobr' /> New York, NY, 10001, USA </p> <p>Camden Gateway, 349 Royal College St,<br class='autobr' /> London NW1 9QS, UK </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-2 col-xs-3 col-sm-offset-1"> <div class="menu small"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-6"> <ul class="menu-liste menu-items nav nav-list"> <li class="menu-entree item menu-items__item menu-items__item_objet menu-items__item_rubrique item_menu"> <a href="en/bulletin/" class="menu-items__lien">Bulletin</a> </li> <li class="menu-entree item menu-items__item menu-items__item_objet menu-items__item_rubrique item_menu"> <a href="en/review/" class="menu-items__lien">Review</a> </li> <li class="menu-entree item menu-items__item menu-items__item_objet menu-items__item_rubrique item_menu"> <a href="en/events/" class="menu-items__lien">Events</a> </li> <li class="menu-entree item menu-items__item menu-items__item_objet menu-items__item_rubrique"> <a href="en/all-books/" class="menu-items__lien">Books</a> </li> </ul></div><div class="col-sm-6"><ul class="menu-liste menu-items nav nav-list"> <li class="menu-entree item menu-items__item menu-items__item_objet menu-items__item_rubrique item_badge"> <a href="en/dictionary/" class="menu-items__lien">Dictionary <small>Free</small></a> </li> <li class="menu-entree item menu-items__item menu-items__item_objet menu-items__item_article"> <a href="en/podcasts" class="menu-items__lien">Podcasts</a> </li> <li class="menu-entree item menu-items__item menu-items__item_lien"> <a href="https://awards.concurrences.com" class="menu-items__lien">Awards</a> </li> <li class="menu-entree item menu-items__item menu-items__item_objet menu-items__item_rubrique item-primary"> <a href="en/abonnements/" class="menu-items__lien">Subscriptions</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-4 col-xs-6 col-sm-offset-1"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-6 w450"> <div class="links small"> <ul class="menu-liste menu-items nav" data-depth="0"> <li class="menu-entree item menu-items__item menu-items__item_page-speciale plan"> <a href="en/page/sitemap/" class="menu-items__lien">Site map</a> </li> <li class="menu-entree item menu-items__item menu-items__item_objet menu-items__item_article"> <a href="en/institute" class="menu-items__lien">Concurrences</a> </li> <li class="menu-entree item menu-items__item menu-items__item_objet menu-items__item_article"> <a href="en/terms-of-use-63" class="menu-items__lien">Terms of Use</a> </li> <li class="menu-entree item menu-items__item menu-items__item_objet menu-items__item_article"> <a href="en/terms-of-sale" class="menu-items__lien">Terms of Sale</a> </li> <li class="menu-entree item menu-items__item menu-items__item_objet menu-items__item_article"> <a href="en/write-for-concurrences-review" class="menu-items__lien">Publish</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 w450"> <div class="tools small"> <ul class="nav nav-list"> <li><a href="en/page/subscriptions/"><i class="picto picto-footer-abonnements"></i> Subscriptions</a></li> <li><a href="en/page/contact/" class="popin"><i class="picto picto-footer-contact"></i> Contact</a></li> <li> <a href="en/page/subscribe/"><i class="picto picto-footer-newsletter"></i> Newsletter</a> </li> <li><a href="https://calendly.com/concurrences/30min" rel="external" target="blank">Request a demo</a></li> </ul> <span class="social social_links"> <a class="social__icon social__icon_twitter" href="https://twitter.com/CompetitionLaws" title="Visit our Twitter page" target="_blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer"> <em class="idc-icon idc-icon_twitter-fill" aria-hidden></em> <span class="visually-hidden">Twitter (opens a new window)</span> </a> <a class="social__icon social__icon_linkedin" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/institute-of-competition-law-icl-institut-de-droit-de-la-concurrence-idc-" title="Visit our Linkedin page" target="_blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer"> <em class="idc-icon idc-icon_linkedin-fill" aria-hidden></em> <span class="visually-hidden">Linkedin (opens a new window)</span> </a> <a class="social__icon social__icon_facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/concurrences.review/" title="Visit our Facebook page" target="_blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer"> <em class="idc-icon idc-icon_facebook-fill" aria-hidden></em> <span class="visually-hidden">Facebook (opens a new window)</span> </a> <a class="social__icon social__icon_instagram" href="https://www.instagram.com/concurrences_review/" title="Visit our Instagram page" target="_blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer"> <em class="idc-icon idc-icon_instagram-fill" aria-hidden></em> <span class="visually-hidden">Instagram (opens a new window)</span> </a> <a class="social__icon social__icon_youtube" href="https://www.youtube.com/c/ConcurrencesReview" title="Visit our Youtube page" target="_blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer"> <em class="idc-icon idc-icon_youtube-fill" aria-hidden></em> <span class="visually-hidden">Youtube (opens a new window)</span> </a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </footer> </div> <!-- Stats SPIP-JS --> <script type="text/javascript"> (function() { var w=window,d=document,r="",g=d.createElement('script'),s=d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; try{r=w.top.document.referrer}catch(Y){if(w.parent){try{r=w.parent.document.referrer}catch(X){r=""}}}if(r===""){r=d.referrer} g.type='text/javascript';g.defer=true;g.async=true;g.src="//www.concurrences.com/spip.php?action=statsjs&c=YToxOntzOjk6ImlkX2F1dGV1ciI7czo2OiIxMzIyMzMiO30="+"&r="+btoa(r);s.parentNode.insertBefore(g,s); })(); </script></body></html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10