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class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Cuprins</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Început</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Ideea_lui_Guillotin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ideea_lui_Guillotin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Ideea lui Guillotin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ideea_lui_Guillotin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Realizarea_instrumentului_morții" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Realizarea_instrumentului_morții"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Realizarea instrumentului morții</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Realizarea_instrumentului_morții-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Realizarea instrumentului morții subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Realizarea_instrumentului_morții-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Robespierre,_executantul_executat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Robespierre,_executantul_executat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Robespierre, executantul executat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Robespierre,_executantul_executat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vezi_și" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vezi_și"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Vezi și</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vezi_și-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Bibliografie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referințe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referințe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Referințe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referințe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legături_externe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legături_externe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Legături externe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legături_externe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Cuprins" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Comută cuprinsul" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Comută cuprinsul</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ghilotină</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mergeți la un articol în altă limbă. Disponibil în 88 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-88" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">88 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillotine" title="Guillotine – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Guillotine" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillotine" title="Guillotine – germană (Elveția)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Guillotine" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="germană (Elveția)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86xgealga" title="Æxgealga – engleză veche" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Æxgealga" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="engleză veche" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%82%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%A9" title="مقصلة – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مقصلة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86" title="الجيلوتين – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الجيلوتين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilyotin" title="Gilyotin – azeră" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Gilyotin" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гільяціна – belarusă" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гільяціна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гилотина – bulgară" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Гилотина" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8" title="গিলোটিন – bengaleză" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গিলোটিন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dibennerez" title="Dibennerez – bretonă" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Dibennerez" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giljotina" title="Giljotina – bosniacă" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Giljotina" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillotina" title="Guillotina – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Guillotina" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilotina" title="Gilotina – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Gilotina" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гильотина – ciuvașă" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Гильотина" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillotine" title="Guillotine – daneză" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Guillotine" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillotine" title="Guillotine – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Guillotine" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giyotin" title="Giyotin – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Giyotin" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BA%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B1" title="Γκιλοτίνα – greacă" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γκιλοτίνα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillotine" title="Guillotine – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Guillotine" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilotino" title="Gilotino – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Gilotino" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillotina" title="Guillotina – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Guillotina" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giljotiin" title="Giljotiin – estonă" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Giljotiin" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gillotina" title="Gillotina – bască" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gillotina" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bască" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86" title="گیوتین – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گیوتین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giljotiini" title="Giljotiini – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Giljotiini" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillotine" title="Guillotine – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Guillotine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillotine" title="Guillotine – frizonă nordică" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Guillotine" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frizonă nordică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillotine" title="Guillotine – frizonă occidentală" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Guillotine" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frizonă occidentală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilit%C3%ADn" title="Gilitín – irlandeză" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Gilitín" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%97%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%9F%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%A8" title="ગિલોટીન – gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ગિલોટીન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiokina" title="Kiokina – hawaiiană" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Kiokina" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="hawaiiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%95%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%94" title="גיליוטינה – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גיליוטינה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="गिलोटिन – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="गिलोटिन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giljotina" title="Giljotina – croată" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Giljotina" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyaktil%C3%B3" title="Nyaktiló – maghiară" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nyaktiló" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maghiară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%B8%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Գիլիոտին – armeană" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գիլիոտին" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillotine" title="Guillotine – indoneziană" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Guillotine" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilotino" title="Gilotino – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Gilotino" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall%C3%B6xi" title="Fallöxi – islandeză" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Fallöxi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghigliottina" title="Ghigliottina – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ghigliottina" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AE%E3%83%AD%E3%83%81%E3%83%B3" title="ギロチン – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ギロチン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillotine" title="Guillotine – javaneză" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Guillotine" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="გილიოტინა – georgiană" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გილიოტინა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%A9ng%27ei" title="Kĩng'ei – kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Kĩng'ei" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гильотина – kazahă" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Гильотина" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಗಿಲೊಟೀನ್ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಗಿಲೊಟೀನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8B%A8%EB%91%90%EB%8C%80" title="단두대 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="단두대" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гильотина – karaceai-balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Гильотина" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karaceai-balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Me%C5%9Fneqe" title="Meşneqe – kurdă" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Meşneqe" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillotine" title="Guillotine – luxemburgheză" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Guillotine" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giljotina" title="Giljotina – lituaniană" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Giljotina" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giljot%C4%ABna" title="Giljotīna – letonă" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Giljotīna" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гилотина – macedoneană" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Гилотина" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoneană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB" title="ഗില്ലറ്റിൻ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗില്ലറ്റിൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilotin" title="Gilotin – malaeză" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Gilotin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86" title="گیوتین – mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="گیوتین" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="गियोतिन – nepaleză" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="गियोतिन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillotine" title="Guillotine – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Guillotine" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giljotin" title="Giljotin – norvegiană nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Giljotin" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegiană nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giljotin" title="Giljotin – norvegiană bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Giljotin" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegiană bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%93%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8" title="ਗੀਓਤੀਨ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਗੀਓਤੀਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilotyna" title="Gilotyna – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gilotyna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guilhotina" title="Guilhotina – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Guilhotina" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гильотина – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гильотина" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гилотина – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Гилотина" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гильотина – sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Гильотина" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghillotina" title="Ghillotina – sardiniană" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Ghillotina" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardiniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giljotina" title="Giljotina – sârbo-croată" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Giljotina" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="sârbo-croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillotine" title="Guillotine – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Guillotine" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilot%C3%ADna" title="Gilotína – slovacă" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Gilotína" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giljotina" title="Giljotina – slovenă" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Giljotina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gijotina" title="Gijotina – albaneză" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gijotina" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D1%99%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гиљотина – sârbă" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Гиљотина" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sârbă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giljotin" title="Giljotin – suedeză" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Giljotin" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="கில்லட்டின் – tamilă" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கில்லட்டின்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B9%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гилйотина – tadjică" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Гилйотина" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99" title="กิโยตีน – thailandeză" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กิโยตีน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giyotin" title="Giyotin – turcă" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Giyotin" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гильотина – tătară" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Гильотина" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tătară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B9%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гільйотина – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гільйотина" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%84%D9%88%D9%B9%DB%8C%D9%86" title="گلوٹین – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گلوٹین" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilotina" title="Gilotina – uzbecă" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Gilotina" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghijotina" title="Ghijotina – venetă" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Ghijotina" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venetă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1y_ch%C3%A9m" title="Máy chém – vietnameză" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Máy chém" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillotina" title="Guillotina – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Guillotina" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%AD%E5%A4%B4%E5%8F%B0" title="断头台 – chineză wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="断头台" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chineză wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B7%E9%A0%AD%E5%8F%B0" title="斷頭台 – chineză" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="斷頭台" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B7%E9%A0%AD%E5%8F%B0" title="斷頭台 – cantoneză" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="斷頭台" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q128015#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifică legăturile interlinguale" class="wbc-editpage">Modifică legăturile</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Guillotine1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Guillotine1.jpg/250px-Guillotine1.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="307" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Guillotine1.jpg/375px-Guillotine1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/Guillotine1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="470" data-file-height="578" /></a><figcaption>Prezentarea folosirii ghilotinei</figcaption></figure> <p><br /> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Anonymous_-_Portrait_de_Joseph-Ignace_Guillotin_(1738-1814),_m%C3%A9decin_et_homme_politique._-_P1052_-_Mus%C3%A9e_Carnavalet_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Anonymous_-_Portrait_de_Joseph-Ignace_Guillotin_%281738-1814%29%2C_m%C3%A9decin_et_homme_politique._-_P1052_-_Mus%C3%A9e_Carnavalet_%28cropped%29.jpg/230px-Anonymous_-_Portrait_de_Joseph-Ignace_Guillotin_%281738-1814%29%2C_m%C3%A9decin_et_homme_politique._-_P1052_-_Mus%C3%A9e_Carnavalet_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Anonymous_-_Portrait_de_Joseph-Ignace_Guillotin_%281738-1814%29%2C_m%C3%A9decin_et_homme_politique._-_P1052_-_Mus%C3%A9e_Carnavalet_%28cropped%29.jpg/345px-Anonymous_-_Portrait_de_Joseph-Ignace_Guillotin_%281738-1814%29%2C_m%C3%A9decin_et_homme_politique._-_P1052_-_Mus%C3%A9e_Carnavalet_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Anonymous_-_Portrait_de_Joseph-Ignace_Guillotin_%281738-1814%29%2C_m%C3%A9decin_et_homme_politique._-_P1052_-_Mus%C3%A9e_Carnavalet_%28cropped%29.jpg/460px-Anonymous_-_Portrait_de_Joseph-Ignace_Guillotin_%281738-1814%29%2C_m%C3%A9decin_et_homme_politique._-_P1052_-_Mus%C3%A9e_Carnavalet_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1633" data-file-height="1971" /></a><figcaption> <b><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Ignace_Guillotin" title="Joseph Ignace Guillotin">Guillotin</a></b> a propus utilizarea ghilotinei în timpul Revoluției Franceze</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Guillotine_suisse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Guillotine_suisse.jpg/220px-Guillotine_suisse.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="499" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Guillotine_suisse.jpg/330px-Guillotine_suisse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fd/Guillotine_suisse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="817" /></a><figcaption>Ghilotina Cantonului Lucerna a fost utilizată pentru toate executările civile între 1879 și 1940</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Ghilotina</b> (conform originalului din <a href="/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83" title="Limba franceză">franceză</a>, <i>Guillotine</i>) este un mecanism gravitațional prevăzut cu un cuțit masiv, mobil, de formă <a href="/wiki/Trapez" title="Trapez">trapezoidală</a>, care alunecă ghidat, construit în scopul <a href="/wiki/Decapitare" title="Decapitare">decapitării</a> rapide a condamnatului la <a href="/wiki/Moarte" title="Moarte">moarte</a>. </p><p>Instrumente asemănătoare pentru execuția prin decapitare au existat anterior, așa cum au fost cele din insulele britanice, „<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fecioara_sco%C8%9Bian%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fecioara scoțiană — pagină inexistentă">Fecioara scoțiană</a>” (în <a href="/wiki/Englez%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Engleză">engleză</a> <i>Scottish Maiden</i>, <a href="/wiki/1661" title="1661">1661</a>) sau „<a href="/w/index.php?title=Toporul_din_Halifax&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Toporul din Halifax — pagină inexistentă">Toporul din Halifax</a>” (în engleză, <i>The Halifax Gibbe</i>), sau cel din <a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a>, „Mannaia” (în <a href="/wiki/Italian%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Italiană">italiană</a> <i>mannaia</i> înseamnă <i>satâr</i>). </p><p>Toate aceste instrumente de execuție au fost folosite în practică până către sfârșitul <a href="/wiki/Secolul_al_XVIII-lea" title="Secolul al XVIII-lea">secolului al XVIII-lea</a>, după care au fost abandonate, cu excepția ghilotinei, a cărei folosire ei în <a href="/wiki/Fran%C8%9Ba" title="Franța">Franța</a> a fost abolită la 9 octombrie 1981. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ideea_lui_Guillotin">Ideea lui Guillotin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghilotin%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Ideea lui Guillotin" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghilotin%C4%83&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Ideea lui Guillotin"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Ignace_Guillotin" title="Joseph Ignace Guillotin">Doctorul Joseph Ignace Guillotin</a> cere la <a href="/wiki/10_octombrie" title="10 octombrie">10 octombrie</a> <a href="/wiki/1789" title="1789">1789</a> introducerea utilizării ghilotinei, pentru a pune capăt execuțiilor crude anterioare, în care <a href="/wiki/C%C4%83l%C4%83u" title="Călău">călăul</a> nu reușea adeseori decapitarea la prima încercare. În cazul ghilotinării, prin despărțirea foarte rapidă a capului de trunchi, având ca efect imediat tăierii <a href="/wiki/M%C4%83duva_spin%C4%83rii" title="Măduva spinării">măduvei spinării</a>, se consideră că <a href="/wiki/Moartea" class="mw-redirect" title="Moartea">moartea</a> se produce într-un timp extrem de scurt, de ordinul milisecundelor, scurtând astfel suferința condamnatului. Guillotin a fost sprijinit în cererea sa de <a href="/wiki/C%C4%83l%C4%83u" title="Călău">călăul</a> <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Parisului</a> timpului respectiv, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Henri_Sanson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Henri Sanson — pagină inexistentă">Charles Henri Sanson</a>, care descria amănunțit dezavantajele decapitării cu sabia. </p><p>Adunarea Națională franceză a însărcinat pe medicul regelui, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antoine_Louis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antoine Louis — pagină inexistentă">Antoine Louis</a>, să cerceteze situația. Ca urmare, la <a href="/wiki/17_martie" title="17 martie">17 martie</a> <a href="/wiki/1792" title="1792">1792</a>, acesta a prezentat Adunării o schiță a ghilotinei, care a fost aprobată imediat, la <a href="/wiki/20_martie" title="20 martie">20 martie</a> 1792. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Ignace_Guillotin" title="Joseph Ignace Guillotin">Guillotin</a> a suferit sufletește din cauză că instrumentul de execuție purta și a continuat să poarte numele lui. Ideea și scopul declarat al creării mecanismului era de a ameliora suferințele osânditului la moarte, lucru care, din păcate, a fost interpretat altfel de către posteritate. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Realizarea_instrumentului_morții"><span id="Realizarea_instrumentului_mor.C8.9Bii"></span>Realizarea instrumentului morții</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghilotin%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifică secțiunea: Realizarea instrumentului morții" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghilotin%C4%83&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Realizarea instrumentului morții"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Marie_Antoinette_Execution.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Marie_Antoinette_Execution.jpg/250px-Marie_Antoinette_Execution.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Marie_Antoinette_Execution.jpg/375px-Marie_Antoinette_Execution.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Marie_Antoinette_Execution.jpg/500px-Marie_Antoinette_Execution.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1033" data-file-height="652" /></a><figcaption> Marie Antoinette pe <a href="/wiki/E%C8%99afod" title="Eșafod">eșafod</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Prima ghilotină a fost construită de către constructorul de piane german <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tobias_Schmidt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tobias Schmidt — pagină inexistentă">Tobias Schmidt</a>, prin mandatarea acestuia de către Sanson. Ghilotina inițială avea lama cuțitului în formă de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Semilun%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Semilună — pagină inexistentă">semilună</a>, care s-a dovedit eficientă în cazul experimentării pe <a href="/wiki/Oaie" class="mw-redirect" title="Oaie">oi</a>. Când încercările au fost făcute pe cadavre, nu s-a reușit întotdeauna despărțirea <a href="/wiki/Cap" title="Cap">capului</a> de trunchi. Doar după mărirea greutății cuțitului mobil și schimbarea formei acestuia în cea oblică cunoscută, aceea de <a href="/wiki/Trapez_dreptunghic" class="mw-redirect" title="Trapez dreptunghic">trapez dreptunghic</a>, instrumentul a început să funcționeze cum a fost imaginat. </p><p>Ulterior au apărut mai multe modele de ghilotină, așa cum au fost cele cunoscute sub numele de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Louison&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louison — pagină inexistentă">Louison</a> sau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Louisette&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louisette — pagină inexistentă">Louisette</a>. În popor, ghilotina era numită fie "le rasoir national" (briciul național) sau "la raccourcisseuse" (cea ce scurtează). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Robespierre,_executantul_executat"><span id="Robespierre.2C_executantul_executat"></span>Robespierre, executantul executat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghilotin%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifică secțiunea: Robespierre, executantul executat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghilotin%C4%83&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Robespierre, executantul executat"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Maximilien_Robespierre" class="mw-redirect" title="Maximilien Robespierre">Maximilien Robespierre</a>, unul din conducătorii Revoluției franceze, membru al <a href="/wiki/Comitetul_Salv%C4%83rii_Publice" title="Comitetul Salvării Publice">Comitetului Salvării Publice</a>, inspiratorul <a href="/wiki/Teroarea_Iacobin%C4%83" title="Teroarea Iacobină">perioadei terorii</a>, care a dus la ghilotină mulți reprezentanți de frunte ai revoluției, a murit el însuși prin această metodă, ca o ironie a sorții. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vezi_și"><span id="Vezi_.C8.99i"></span>Vezi și</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghilotin%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifică secțiunea: Vezi și" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghilotin%C4%83&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Vezi și"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pedeaps%C4%83_capital%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Pedeapsă capitală">Pedeapsă capitală</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decapitare" title="Decapitare">Decapitare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapidatio" class="mw-redirect" title="Lapidatio">Lapidatio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolu%C8%9Bia_francez%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Revoluția franceză">Revoluția franceză</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografie">Bibliografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghilotin%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifică secțiunea: Bibliografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghilotin%C4%83&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografie"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Caryle, Thomas. <i>The French Revolution In Three Volumes, Volume 3: The Guillotine</i>. Charles C. Little and James Brown (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Little_Brown&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Little Brown — pagină inexistentă">Little Brown</a>). New York, NY, 1839. No ISBN. (First Edition. Many reprintings of this important history have been done during the last two centuries.)</li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Wilson_Croker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Wilson Croker — pagină inexistentă">Croker, John Wilson</a> (<time datetime="1853">1853</time>). <i><a href="https://ro.wikisource.org/wiki/History_of_the_Guillotine" class="extiw" title="s:History of the Guillotine">History of the Guillotine</a></i>. London: John Murray.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Guillotine&rft.place=London&rft.pub=John+Murray&rft.date=1853&rft.aulast=Croker&rft.aufirst=John+Wilson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AGhilotin%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16236537">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"„""”""«""»"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Gerould, Daniel (<time datetime="1992">1992</time>). <i>Guillotine; Its Legend and Lore</i>. Blast Books. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/0-922233-02-0" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/0-922233-02-0">0-922233-02-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guillotine%3B+Its+Legend+and+Lore&rft.pub=Blast+Books&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-922233-02-0&rft.au=Gerould%2C+Daniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AGhilotin%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referințe"><span id="Referin.C8.9Be"></span>Referințe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghilotin%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifică secțiunea: Referințe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghilotin%C4%83&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Referințe"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legături_externe"><span id="Leg.C4.83turi_externe"></span>Legături externe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghilotin%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifică secțiunea: Legături externe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghilotin%C4%83&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Legături externe"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint" style="clear: right; border: solid #aaa 1px; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; font-size: 90%; background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9f9); color:var(--color-base, #000); width: 230px; padding: 2px; spacing: 2px; text-align: center; float: right;"> <div style="float: left; vertical-align:middle;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Commons"><img alt="Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption>Commons</figcaption></figure></div> <div style="margin-left: 35px; line-height:normal; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> conține materiale multimedia legate de <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ghilotin%C4%83" class="extiw" title="commons:Ghilotină">Ghilotină</a></b></div> </div> <div class="noprint" style="clear: right; border: solid #aaa 1px; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; font-size: 90%; background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9f9); color:var(--color-base, #000); width: 250px; padding: 2px; spacing: 2px; text-align: center; float: right;"> <div style="float: left;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikicitat"><img alt="Wikicitat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/25px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/38px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/50px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a><figcaption>Wikicitat</figcaption></figure></div> <div style="margin-left: 35px; line-height:normal;">La <b><a href="/wiki/Wikicitat" title="Wikicitat">Wikicitat</a></b> găsiți citate legate de <b><a href="https://ro.wikiquote.org/wiki/Ghilotin%C4%83" class="extiw" title="q:Ghilotină">Ghilotină</a></b>.</div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guillotine.dk/">The Guillotine Headquarters</a> with a gallery, history, name list, and quiz.</li> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba franceză">fr</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://site.voila.fr/guillotine/">L'art de bien couper</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091126015422/http://site.voila.fr/guillotine/">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2009-11-26">26 noiembrie 2009</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. un web site în franceză cu o listă completă a criminalilor ghilotinați, imagini, istorie</li> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba engleză">en</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://boisdejustice.com/History/History.html">Bois de justice</a> Istoria ghilotinei, detalii constructive, imagini rare</li> <li><cite class="citation web">Fabricius, Jørn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guillotine.dk/">„The Guillotine Headquarters”</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Guillotine+Headquarters&rft.aulast=Fabricius&rft.aufirst=J%C3%B8rn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guillotine.dk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AGhilotin%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.straightdope.com/columns/read/1172/does-the-head-remain-briefly-conscious-after-decapitation">Does the head remain briefly conscious after decapitation (revisited)?</a> (from <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Straight_Dope&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Straight Dope — pagină inexistentă">The Straight Dope</a></i>)</li> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba engleză">en</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metaphor.dk/guillotine/">The Guillotine Headquarters</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050324091653/http://www.metaphor.dk/guillotine/">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2005-03-24">24 martie 2005</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. galerie, istorie, nume, liste</li> <li><cite class="citation web">Fabricius, Jørn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061208015538/http://www.metaphor.dk/guillotine/Pages/Guillot.html">„The Guillotine Headquarters”</a>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metaphor.dk/guillotine/Pages/Guillot.html">original</a> la <time datetime="2006-12-08">8 decembrie 2006</time>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Guillotine+Headquarters&rft.aulast=Fabricius&rft.aufirst=J%C3%B8rn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metaphor.dk%2Fguillotine%2FPages%2FGuillot.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AGhilotin%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Control_de_autoritate" title="Ajutor:Control de autoritate">Control de autoritate</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblioteca Nacional de España">BNE</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX531657">XX531657</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Authority File">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4158535-5">4158535-5</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph270779&CON_LNG=ENG">ph270779</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Control_de_autoritate" title="Ajutor:Control de autoritate"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/OOjs_UI_icon_helpNotice-ltr.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_helpNotice-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/OOjs_UI_icon_helpNotice-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_helpNotice-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/OOjs_UI_icon_helpNotice-ltr.svg/40px-OOjs_UI_icon_helpNotice-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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