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class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Indhold</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flyt til sidebjælken</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Indledning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Frankrig" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Frankrig"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Frankrig</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Frankrig-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tyskland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tyskland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Tyskland</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tyskland-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underafsnit Tyskland</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Tyskland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Guillotinen_i_Baden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Guillotinen_i_Baden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Guillotinen i Baden</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Guillotinen_i_Baden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Danmark" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Danmark"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Danmark</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Danmark-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Selvmord" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Selvmord"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Selvmord</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Selvmord-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referencer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referencer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Referencer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referencer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekstern_kilde/henvisning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekstern_kilde/henvisning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Ekstern kilde/henvisning</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ekstern_kilde/henvisning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul indholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul indholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Guillotine</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikel på et andet sprog. Tilgængelig på 88 sprog" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-88" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">88 sprog</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillotine" title="Guillotine – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Guillotine" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillotine" title="Guillotine – schweizertysk" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Guillotine" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="schweizertysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86xgealga" title="Æxgealga – oldengelsk" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Æxgealga" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="oldengelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%82%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%A9" title="مقصلة – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مقصلة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86" title="الجيلوتين – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الجيلوتين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilyotin" title="Gilyotin – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Gilyotin" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гільяціна – belarusisk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гільяціна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гилотина – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Гилотина" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8" title="গিলোটিন – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গিলোটিন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dibennerez" title="Dibennerez – bretonsk" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Dibennerez" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giljotina" title="Giljotina – bosnisk" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Giljotina" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillotina" title="Guillotina – catalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Guillotina" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilotina" title="Gilotina – tjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Gilotina" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гильотина – tjuvasjisk" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Гильотина" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tjuvasjisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillotine" title="Guillotine – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Guillotine" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giyotin" title="Giyotin – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Giyotin" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BA%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B1" title="Γκιλοτίνα – græsk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γκιλοτίνα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="græsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillotine" title="Guillotine – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Guillotine" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilotino" title="Gilotino – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Gilotino" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillotina" title="Guillotina – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Guillotina" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giljotiin" title="Giljotiin – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Giljotiin" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gillotina" title="Gillotina – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gillotina" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86" title="گیوتین – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گیوتین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giljotiini" title="Giljotiini – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Giljotiini" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillotine" title="Guillotine – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Guillotine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillotine" title="Guillotine – nordfrisisk" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Guillotine" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="nordfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillotine" title="Guillotine – vestfrisisk" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Guillotine" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="vestfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilit%C3%ADn" title="Gilitín – irsk" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Gilitín" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%97%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%9F%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%A8" title="ગિલોટીન – gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ગિલોટીન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiokina" title="Kiokina – hawaiiansk" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Kiokina" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="hawaiiansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%95%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%94" title="גיליוטינה – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גיליוטינה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="गिलोटिन – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="गिलोटिन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giljotina" title="Giljotina – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Giljotina" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyaktil%C3%B3" title="Nyaktiló – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nyaktiló" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%B8%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Գիլիոտին – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գիլիոտին" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillotine" title="Guillotine – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Guillotine" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilotino" title="Gilotino – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Gilotino" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall%C3%B6xi" title="Fallöxi – islandsk" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Fallöxi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghigliottina" title="Ghigliottina – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ghigliottina" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AE%E3%83%AD%E3%83%81%E3%83%B3" title="ギロチン – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ギロチン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillotine" title="Guillotine – javanesisk" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Guillotine" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="გილიოტინა – georgisk" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გილიოტინა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%A9ng%27ei" title="Kĩng'ei – kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Kĩng'ei" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гильотина – kasakhisk" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Гильотина" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakhisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಗಿಲೊಟೀನ್ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಗಿಲೊಟೀನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8B%A8%EB%91%90%EB%8C%80" title="단두대 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="단두대" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гильотина – karatjai-balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Гильотина" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karatjai-balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Me%C5%9Fneqe" title="Meşneqe – kurdisk" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Meşneqe" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillotine" title="Guillotine – luxembourgsk" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Guillotine" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxembourgsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giljotina" title="Giljotina – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Giljotina" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giljot%C4%ABna" title="Giljotīna – lettisk" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Giljotīna" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гилотина – makedonsk" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Гилотина" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB" title="ഗില്ലറ്റിൻ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗില്ലറ്റിൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilotin" title="Gilotin – malajisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Gilotin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86" title="گیوتین – mazenisk" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="گیوتین" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazenisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="गियोतिन – nepalesisk" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="गियोतिन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillotine" title="Guillotine – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Guillotine" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giljotin" title="Giljotin – nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Giljotin" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giljotin" title="Giljotin – bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Giljotin" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%93%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8" title="ਗੀਓਤੀਨ – punjabisk" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਗੀਓਤੀਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilotyna" title="Gilotyna – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gilotyna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guilhotina" title="Guilhotina – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Guilhotina" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghilotin%C4%83" title="Ghilotină – rumænsk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ghilotină" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumænsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гильотина – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гильотина" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гилотина – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Гилотина" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гильотина – jakutisk" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Гильотина" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakutisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghillotina" title="Ghillotina – sardinsk" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Ghillotina" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardinsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giljotina" title="Giljotina – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Giljotina" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillotine" title="Guillotine – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Guillotine" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilot%C3%ADna" title="Gilotína – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Gilotína" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giljotina" title="Giljotina – slovensk" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Giljotina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gijotina" title="Gijotina – albansk" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gijotina" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D1%99%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гиљотина – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Гиљотина" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giljotin" title="Giljotin – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Giljotin" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="கில்லட்டின் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கில்லட்டின்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B9%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гилйотина – tadsjikisk" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Гилйотина" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadsjikisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99" title="กิโยตีน – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กิโยตีน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giyotin" title="Giyotin – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Giyotin" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гильотина – tatarisk" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Гильотина" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B9%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гільйотина – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гільйотина" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%84%D9%88%D9%B9%DB%8C%D9%86" title="گلوٹین – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گلوٹین" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilotina" title="Gilotina – usbekisk" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Gilotina" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbekisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghijotina" title="Ghijotina – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Ghijotina" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1y_ch%C3%A9m" title="Máy chém – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Máy chém" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillotina" title="Guillotina – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Guillotina" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%AD%E5%A4%B4%E5%8F%B0" title="断头台 – wu-kinesisk" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="断头台" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu-kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B7%E9%A0%AD%E5%8F%B0" title="斷頭台 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="斷頭台" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B7%E9%A0%AD%E5%8F%B0" title="斷頭台 – kantonesisk" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="斷頭台" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q128015#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redigér sproglinks" class="wbc-editpage">Redigér links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Navnerum"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Guillotine" title="Se indholdssiden [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskussion:Guillotine" rel="discussion" title="Diskussion om indholdet på siden [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ændr sprogvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Badische_Guillotine.JPG/220px-Badische_Guillotine.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="455" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Badische_Guillotine.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="231" data-file-height="478" /></a><figcaption>Guillotinen i <a href="/wiki/Baden" title="Baden">Baden</a> (Rekonstruktion).</figcaption></figure> <p>En <b>guillotine</b> er en faldøkse til <a href="/wiki/Henrettelse" title="Henrettelse">henrettelse</a> ved halshugning. Ideen med maskinel henrettelse er fra før 1500. Guillotinens forgængere var den <a href="/wiki/Italien" title="Italien">italienske</a> <i>mannaia</i>, den <a href="/wiki/Skotsk" title="Skotsk">skotske</a> <i>maiden</i> (= <a href="/wiki/Jomfru" title="Jomfru">jomfru</a>) og <i>the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Halifax_(West_Yorkshire)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Halifax (West Yorkshire) (ikke skrevet endnu)">Halifax</a> Gibbet</i> i <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>, der blev benyttet til henrettelser af <a href="/wiki/Adel" title="Adel">adelige</a>. <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Frankrig">Frankrig</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guillotine&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigér afsnit: Frankrig" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guillotine&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Frankrig"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Guillotinen fik sit navn efter den franske læge <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Ignace_Guillotin" title="Joseph Ignace Guillotin">Joseph Ignace Guillotin</a>, der foreslog maskinel <a href="/wiki/Halshugning" title="Halshugning">halshugning</a> for at spare den <a href="/wiki/Franske_revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Franske revolution">franske revolutions</a> ofre for dårligt <a href="/wiki/B%C3%B8ddel" title="Bøddel">bøddelhåndværk</a>. Den blev under revolutionen opstillet foran <a href="/wiki/Tuilerierne" title="Tuilerierne">Tuilerierne</a> på Place du Carrousel i <a href="/wiki/1792" title="1792">1792</a>. Fra 1793 til august 1794 blev der afsagt omkring 14.000 dødsdomme ved guillotinen, eksekveringen af de mange domme var udelukkende muliggjort af dens eksistens. Guillotinen blev derved et politisk instrument - revolutionens hævnende arm og folkets retfærdige våben. <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Guillotin var ikke glad for, at hans navn var knyttet til mekanismen; guillotinen blev først omtalt som <i>louison</i> eller <i>louisette</i> efter lægen Antoine Louis, sekretær ved <a href="/wiki/Kirurgisk_akademi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kirurgisk akademi">Kirurgisk Akademi</a> (og forfatter til artiklen om død i <i>l'Encyclopédie</i>). Louis anbefalede mekanismen, fordi han mente, den medførte øjeblikkelig død. <sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Louis henviste til mislykkede henrettelser, forårsaget af manglende øvelse hos franske bødler, mens der i <a href="/wiki/Tyskland" title="Tyskland">Tyskland</a> var flere halshugninger, og hvor alle dødsdømte kvinder uanset <a href="/wiki/Stand_(samfundsgruppe)" title="Stand (samfundsgruppe)">stand</a> blev halshugget. Han nævnte også, at man i <a href="/wiki/Danmark" title="Danmark">Danmark</a> kendte to henrettelsesstillinger alt efter om <a href="/wiki/Sv%C3%A6rd" title="Sværd">sværd</a> eller økse blev brugt ved henrettelsen. <sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Navnet "guillotine" fik opfindelsen allerede i december 1789 i en <a href="/wiki/Satire" title="Satire">satirisk</a> vise, og navnet slog an, idet "guillotine" rimer på "<a href="/wiki/Maskine" title="Maskine">maskine</a>". Den blev bygget af en tysk <a href="/wiki/Klaver" title="Klaver">klaverbygger</a> ved navn Schmidt, fordi <a href="/wiki/Skafot" title="Skafot">skafotleverandør</a> Guidon forlangte en ublu pris med den begrundelse, at det var svært at få nogen til at medvirke. Den 17. april 1792 blev maskinen afprøvet på tre lig i en lille gård på Bicêtre-hospitalet. Louis rapporterede, at testen var forløbet tilfredsstillende, men foretog dog nogle justeringer, så faldøksens æg blev ændret fra <a href="/wiki/Konveks" title="Konveks">konveks</a> til skrå. Maskinen blev gjort meget højere, malet blodrød og monteret på et skafot. Senere kom andre ændringer, og de første guillotiner, der blev opstillet overalt i Frankrig, var ikke ens. Klaver- og guillotinebygger Schmidt søgte at udtage <a href="/wiki/Patent" title="Patent">patent</a> på opfindelsen, der var meget efterspurgt i en tid, hvor alle franske <a href="/wiki/Departement_(Frankrig)" title="Departement (Frankrig)">departementer</a> skulle forsynes. Det blev afslået 24. juli 1792 med begrundelsen: "D<i>et virker stødende mod humanitetens bud at tildele patent på en sådan opdagelse. Det ville dog være et overmål af barbari.</i>" <sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Siden revolutionen i <a href="/wiki/1789" title="1789">1789</a> er omkring 4.600 personer blevet guillotineret i <a href="/wiki/Frankrig" title="Frankrig">Frankrig</a>, heraf 23 fra <a href="/wiki/1956" title="1956">1956</a> til den sidste gang var i brug i <a href="/wiki/1977" title="1977">1977</a>. Guillotinen blev brugt første gang 25. april 1792, da Nicolas Jacques Pelletier, en tidligere straffet, blev henrettet for voldeligt røveri og dømt til at føres i en rød skjorte til Place de Grève, for der at få "<i>hovedet hugget af i overensstemmelse med straffeloven</i>". Mange soldater skulle beskytte, ikke bødlen, men den nye maskine. Den næste henrettelse var politisk og fandt sted på Place de Carrousel 21. august. For tilskuerne var den nye opfindelse en skuffelse, idet henrettelsen var så hurtigt overstået. <sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Rygte" title="Rygte">Rygtet</a> om, at <a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Corday" title="Charlotte Corday">Charlotte Cordays</a> afhuggede hoved rødmede, da en af bøddelhåndlangerne stak det en lussing, var med til at igangsætte en omfattende debat, åbnet i 1795 af den tyske læge Samuel-Thomas Sömmering, der mente, at guillotinen ikke bragte nogen øjeblikkelig død, og at det kunne påvises ved at sætte en kunstig lunge til et afhugget hoved, som så ville tale. Han fik støtte af den franske læge Jean-Joseph Sue, og selv om de fleste af <a href="/wiki/Oplysningstiden" title="Oplysningstiden">oplysningstidens</a> læger afviste teorien, kendes der en række franske eksperimenter med afhuggede hoveder frem til <a href="/wiki/1905" title="1905">1905</a>. <sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:France_-_Public_execution_on_Guillotine_1897.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/France_-_Public_execution_on_Guillotine_1897.jpg/220px-France_-_Public_execution_on_Guillotine_1897.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/France_-_Public_execution_on_Guillotine_1897.jpg/330px-France_-_Public_execution_on_Guillotine_1897.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/France_-_Public_execution_on_Guillotine_1897.jpg/440px-France_-_Public_execution_on_Guillotine_1897.jpg 2x" data-file-width="995" data-file-height="707" /></a><figcaption>Offentlig guillotinering i Lons-le-Saunier i 1897.</figcaption></figure> <p>Efter henrettelsen af kong <a href="/wiki/Ludvig_16._af_Frankrig" title="Ludvig 16. af Frankrig">Ludvig</a>, blev betegnelsen "Hellige Guillotine" en fast bestanddel af det jacobinske forvaltningssprog. Først i <a href="/wiki/1832" title="1832">1832</a> indskrænkedes den to timer lange procession til skafottet gennem Paris' gader, og i <a href="/wiki/1851" title="1851">1851</a> blev skafottet afskaffet. Henrettelserne blev nu udført foran indgangen til Grande Roquette-fængslet, og efter 1900 blev den flyttet endnu en gang, til en sidegade til La Santé-fængslet. I Frankrig fortsatte offentlige henrettelser helt til <a href="/wiki/1939" title="1939">1939</a>, og guillotinen vedblev at være eneste henrettelsesinstrument indtil <a href="/wiki/D%C3%B8dsstraf" title="Dødsstraf">dødsstraffens</a> afskaffelse i <a href="/wiki/1981" title="1981">1981</a>. <sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>I <a href="/wiki/1795" title="1795">1795</a> vedtog konventet at afskaffe dødsstraffen, straks efter freden; men <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_1._af_Frankrig" title="Napoleon 1. af Frankrig">konsul Bonaparte</a> ophævede <a href="/wiki/Dekret" title="Dekret">dekretet</a> i <a href="/wiki/1801" title="1801">1801</a>, da det blev klart, at krigen med England ville trække i langdrag. Efter <i>Code Napoléon</i> i <a href="/wiki/1810" title="1810">1810</a> blev 36 forbrydelser takseret til dødsstraf. <a href="/wiki/Revolutionerne_i_1848" title="Revolutionerne i 1848">Revolutionerne i 1848</a> førte til dødsstraffens afskaffelse for politiske forbrydelser, men en kampagne for total ophævelse i 1860'erne blev mødt med <a href="/wiki/Slogan" title="Slogan">sloganet</a>: "<i>Lad os afskaffe dødsstraffen, men lad d'herrer mordere begynde.</i>" I <a href="/wiki/1906" title="1906">1906</a> gik regeringen <a href="/wiki/Georges_Clemenceau" title="Georges Clemenceau">Clemenceau</a> ind for en afskaffelse, og i de næste to år stod guillotinen stille for første gang siden 1792. <sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I 1905-6 blev Nordøstfrankrig imidlertid terroriseret af "Pollet-banden", og i januar <a href="/wiki/1909" title="1909">1909</a> blev de fire medlemmer guillotineret. <sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Folk strømmede til, så hæren måtte udkommanderes, og det myldrede med fotografer. Til <a href="/wiki/1938" title="1938">1938</a> blev der henrettet 312 mennesker i Frankrig, i gennemsnit 10 om året. <sup id="cite_ref-autogeneret1_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogeneret1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Den 16. juni 1939 fandt en helt mislykket henrettelse sted i <a href="/wiki/Versailles" title="Versailles">Versailles</a>. Guillotinen var forkert opstillet, og der var fejl både ved <i>la lunette</i> (halskraven) og skæret på faldøksen; men "<i>det afskrækkende ikke tilskuerne,</i>" skrev <i>Paris Match</i>. Alle aviser bragte foto af hændelsen, der fik regeringen til på et ekstraordinært møde den 25. juni 1939 at afskaffe de offentlige henrettelser. <a href="/wiki/Anden_verdenskrig" class="mw-redirect" title="Anden verdenskrig">Anden verdenskrig</a> medførte imidlertid en stigning i antallet af henrettelser. <a href="/wiki/Philippe_Petain" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippe Petain">Marskal Pétain</a> brød en næsten hundredårig skik, da fem kvinder blev sendt til guillotinen. <sup id="cite_ref-autogeneret1_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogeneret1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Victor_Hugo" title="Victor Hugo">Victor Hugo</a> beskriver guillotinen i sin <a href="/wiki/Roman" title="Roman">roman</a> <i>1793</i>. To guillotiner er opmagasineret i en <a href="/wiki/Hangar" title="Hangar">hangar</a> uden for Paris. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Execution_of_Languille_in_1905.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Execution_of_Languille_in_1905.jpg/220px-Execution_of_Languille_in_1905.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Execution_of_Languille_in_1905.jpg/330px-Execution_of_Languille_in_1905.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Execution_of_Languille_in_1905.jpg/440px-Execution_of_Languille_in_1905.jpg 2x" data-file-width="848" data-file-height="548" /></a><figcaption>Henrettelsen af Languille i 1905.</figcaption></figure> <p>Den sidste henrettelse som følge af dødsstraf i Frankrig fandt sted den 10. september 1977, da morderen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamida_Djandoubi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hamida Djandoubi (ikke skrevet endnu)">Hamida Djandoubi</a> blev aflivet ved halshugning i guillotinen. I 1981 blev dødstraffen skrevet ud af Frankrigs straffelov. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tyskland">Tyskland</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guillotine&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigér afsnit: Tyskland" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guillotine&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Tyskland"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under <a href="/wiki/Napoleonskrigene" title="Napoleonskrigene">Napoleonskrigene</a> indførtes guillotinen under navnet <i>Fallbeil</i> ("faldøkse") i de besatte dele af Tyskland. Den var i brug til <a href="/wiki/1949" title="1949">1949</a>. Blandt andre blev <a href="/wiki/Sophie_Scholl" title="Sophie Scholl">Sophie</a> og <a href="/wiki/Hans_Scholl" title="Hans Scholl">Hans Scholl</a> henrettet med faldøkse. <a href="/wiki/Nazist" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazist">Nazisterne</a> var meget omhyggelige med ikke at bruge det franske ord "guillotine". </p><p>Da den blev indført i <a href="/wiki/Bayern" title="Bayern">Bayern</a> i 1854, reagerede tilskuerne negativt på, at henrettelsen slet ikke var hurtig. Inden guillotineringen skulle den dømtes hår klippes, og skjorten åbnes, så halsen blev fri. Så blev han bagbundet, og i oprejst stilling spændt fast til et bræt, der blev vippet <a href="/wiki/Vandret" title="Vandret">vandret</a>, så han lå med hovedet nedad, hvorefter den øvre del af <i>la lunette</i>, halskraven, låste halsen fast. "<i>Fastgørelsen af forbryderens hoved gjorde et meget dårligt indtryk på tilskuerne,</i>" skrev politiet i München, og en embedsmand i <a href="/wiki/Amberg" title="Amberg">Amberg</a> anførte, at guillotinen behandlede forbryderen som et dyr på slagtebænken, der i sin dødsangst håndteredes meget længere end ved en henrettelse med sværd. Alligevel vandt guillotinen frem i Tyskland. I <a href="/wiki/Rhinlandet" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhinlandet">Rhinlandet</a>, der under den franske erobring blev underlagt <i>Code Napoléon</i>, Napoleons love, brugtes guillotinen også efter hans nederlag. I <a href="/wiki/Preussen" title="Preussen">Preussen</a> holdt man derimod fast ved øksen til det sidste, med bødlen i <a href="/wiki/Kjole_og_hvidt" title="Kjole og hvidt">kjole og hvidt</a>, indtil justitsministeren i 1927 bad bødlen om at optræde helt i sort, da det virkede stødende, når han tog jakken af før hugget og stod i hvid skjorte. <sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Guillotinen_i_Baden">Guillotinen i Baden</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guillotine&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigér afsnit: Guillotinen i Baden" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guillotine&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Guillotinen i Baden"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I storhertugdømmet <a href="/wiki/Baden" title="Baden">Baden</a> blev der mellem <a href="/wiki/1848" title="1848">1848</a> og <a href="/wiki/1932" title="1932">1932</a> henrettet 37 mænd og to kvinder. Fra <a href="/wiki/1856" title="1856">1856</a> skete henrettelserne med en guillotine, som var bygget af firmaet Mannhard i <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen" title="München">München</a> for 1.000 gylden. Når guillotinen skulle til de forskellige fængsler i Baden, blev den skilt ad og pakket i kasser. Det kunne trods alle anstrengelser ikke undgås, at monteringen gav genlyd i fængselsgården, hvad der foruroligede fangerne. Efter at henrettelserne i <a href="/wiki/1933" title="1933">1933</a> blev henlagt til <a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a>, kom Badens guillotine i <a href="/wiki/1937" title="1937">1937</a> til straffeanstalten Berlin-<a href="/wiki/Pl%C3%B6tzensee" title="Plötzensee">Plötzensee</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Danmark">Danmark</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guillotine&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigér afsnit: Danmark" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guillotine&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Danmark"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:The_Halifax_Gibbet_-_geograph.org.uk_-_350422.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="photograph" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/The_Halifax_Gibbet_-_geograph.org.uk_-_350422.jpg/220px-The_Halifax_Gibbet_-_geograph.org.uk_-_350422.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="297" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/The_Halifax_Gibbet_-_geograph.org.uk_-_350422.jpg/330px-The_Halifax_Gibbet_-_geograph.org.uk_-_350422.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/The_Halifax_Gibbet_-_geograph.org.uk_-_350422.jpg/440px-The_Halifax_Gibbet_-_geograph.org.uk_-_350422.jpg 2x" data-file-width="443" data-file-height="599" /></a><figcaption>En rekonstruktion af <i>the Halifax Gibbet</i> på sin oprindelige plads, med St Mary's katolske kirke, Gibbet Street, i baggrunden, i 2008.</figcaption></figure> <p>Brugen af <a href="/wiki/Halshugning" title="Halshugning">halshugning</a> med økse og de dermed forbundne uheld førte omkring <a href="/wiki/1900" title="1900">1900</a> til, at der i <a href="/wiki/Rigsdagen" title="Rigsdagen">Rigsdagen</a> blev fremsat et lovforslag om, at henrettelser skulle ske "<i>med Faldøkse i et lukket Rum</i>". Forslaget blev ikke vedtaget, og guillotinering har aldrig været anvendt i Danmark. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selvmord">Selvmord</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guillotine&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redigér afsnit: Selvmord" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guillotine&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Selvmord"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Selvmord" title="Selvmord">Selvmord</a> ved guillotinering forekommer uhyre sjældent, men i <a href="/wiki/2003" title="2003">2003</a> halshuggede Boyd Taylor fra <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> sig selv netop med en hjemmelavet guillotine med elektrisk udløser. <sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referencer">Referencer</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guillotine&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redigér afsnit: Referencer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guillotine&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Referencer"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11780210">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Inga Floto: <i>Dødsstraffens kulturhistorie</i> (s. 100), Museum Tusculanums forlag, København 2001, <a href="/wiki/Internationalt_Standardbognummer" title="Internationalt Standardbognummer">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciel:ISBN-s%C3%B8gning/87-7289-655-8" title="Speciel:ISBN-søgning/87-7289-655-8">87-7289-655-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Inga Floto: <i>Dødsstraffens kulturhistorie</i> (s. 117)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Simon Schama: <i>Citizens</i> (s. 619-22), Penguin books, 1989, <a href="/wiki/Internationalt_Standardbognummer" title="Internationalt Standardbognummer">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciel:ISBN-s%C3%B8gning/0-14-017206-8" title="Speciel:ISBN-søgning/0-14-017206-8">0-14-017206-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Inga Floto: <i>Dødsstraffens kulturhistorie</i> (s. 107)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Inga Floto: <i>Dødsstraffens kulturhistorie</i> (s. 110-1)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Inga Floto: <i>Dødsstraffens kulturhistorie</i> (s. 111)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Inga Floto: <i>Dødsstraffens kulturhistorie</i> (s. 114-5)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Inga Floto: <i>Dødsstraffens kulturhistorie</i> (s. 120)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Inga Floto: <i>Dødsstraffens kulturhistorie</i> (s. 154-8)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://your-average-serial-killer.tumblr.com/post/20983556041/this-photograph-shows-the-heads-of-the-pollet">This photograph shows the heads of the Pollet... - "Every man to his own tastes. Mine is for corpses"</a><small> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Artikler_med_d%C3%B8de_eksterne_henvisninger" title="Wikipedia:Artikler med døde eksterne henvisninger">Webside ikke længere tilgængelig</a>)</small></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogeneret1-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogeneret1_11-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogeneret1_11-1"><sup>b</sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Inga Floto: <i>Dødsstraffens kulturhistorie</i> (s. 160)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Inga Floto: <i>Dødsstraffens kulturhistorie</i> (s. 116), </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/tyne/2974083.stm">BBC NEWS | UK | England | Tyne/Wear | Guillotine death was suicide</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ekstern_kilde/henvisning"><span id="Ekstern_kilde.2Fhenvisning"></span>Ekstern kilde/henvisning</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guillotine&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Redigér afsnit: Ekstern kilde/henvisning" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guillotine&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Ekstern kilde/henvisning"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><div class="plainlinks" style="display:inline;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/11px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/17px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/22px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> har flere filer relateret til <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Guillotines" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Guillotines">Guillotine</a></b> </div></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guillotine.dk">The Guillotine Headquarters ved Jørn Fabricius (tekst og billeder)</a></li></ul> <p><br clear="all" /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11759279">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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selflink">Guillotine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges-Jacques_Danton" title="Georges-Jacques Danton">Georges Danton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilien_Robespierre" title="Maximilien Robespierre">Maximilien Robespierre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorregimet" title="Terrorregimet">Terrorregimet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionskrigene" title="Revolutionskrigene">Revolutionskrigene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon_1._af_Frankrig" title="Napoleon 1. af Frankrig">Napoleon Bonaparte</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Amerikanske_uafh%C3%A6ngighedskrig" title="Amerikanske uafhængighedskrig">USA's uafhængighedskrig</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teselskabet_i_Boston" title="Teselskabet i Boston">Teselskabet i Boston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Benjamin Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amerikanske_borgerkrig" title="Amerikanske borgerkrig">Den amerikanske borgerkrig</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Julirevolutionen" title="Julirevolutionen">Juli-revolutionen 1830</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Saint-Simon" title="Henri de Saint-Simon">Saint-Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Delacroix&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Delacroix (ikke skrevet endnu)">George Delacroix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludvig-Filip_af_Frankrig" title="Ludvig-Filip af Frankrig">Louis-Philippe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Revolutionerne_i_1848" title="Revolutionerne i 1848">Europæiske revolutioner 1848</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Februarrevolutionen_(Frankrig)" title="Februarrevolutionen (Frankrig)">Februarrevolutionen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martsrevolutionen" title="Martsrevolutionen">Martsrevolutionen</a> (tyskland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martsrevolutionen_(Danmark)" title="Martsrevolutionen (Danmark)">Martsrevolutionen (Danmark)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Revolutionen_i_1848_i_Habsburg-omr%C3%A5derne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Revolutionen i 1848 i Habsburg-områderne (ikke skrevet endnu)">Østrig-revolutionen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tre%C3%A5rskrigen" title="Treårskrigen">1. Slesvigske krig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Det_Kommunistiske_Manifest" title="Det Kommunistiske Manifest">Det Kommunistiske Manifest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Engels" title="Friedrich Engels">Friedrich Engels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valgret" title="Valgret">Stemmeret</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pariserkommunen" title="Pariserkommunen">Pariserkommunen i 1871</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon_3._af_Frankrig" title="Napoleon 3. af Frankrig">Napoleon 3.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_fransk-preussiske_krig" title="Den fransk-preussiske krig">Den fransk-preussiske krig</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbejderkommunen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arbejderkommunen (ikke skrevet endnu)">Arbejderkommunen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Den_Russiske_Revolution_1917" title="Den Russiske Revolution 1917">De russiske revolutioner 1917</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Februarrevolutionen_(Rusland)" title="Februarrevolutionen (Rusland)">Februarrevolutionen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mensjevik" title="Mensjevik">Mensjevik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolsjevik" title="Bolsjevik">Bolsjevik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oktoberrevolutionen" title="Oktoberrevolutionen">Oktoberrevolutionen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin" title="Vladimir Lenin">Vladimir Lenin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lev_Trotskij" title="Lev Trotskij">Lev Trotskij</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tyske revolutioner</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martsrevolutionen" title="Martsrevolutionen">Martsrevolutionen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novemberrevolutionen" title="Novemberrevolutionen">Novemberrevolutionen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_polske_opstand_(1918%E2%80%931919)" title="Den polske opstand (1918–1919)">Den polske opstand (1918–1919)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Se også: <a href="/wiki/Portal:Historie" title="Portal:Historie">Andre indgange til historien</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11759279"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752089"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Autoritetsdata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Autoritetsdata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autoritetsdata" title="Autoritetsdata">Autoritetsdata</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/4158535-5">4158535-5</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tjekkisk_nationalbibliotek" title="Tjekkisk nationalbibliotek">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph270779&CON_LNG=ENG">ph270779</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaniens_nationalbibliotek" title="Spaniens nationalbibliotek">BNE</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX531657">XX531657</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_Store_Danske_Encyklop%C3%A6di" title="Den Store Danske Encyklopædi">DSD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//denstoredanske.lex.dk/guillotine">guillotine</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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