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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Hubert Lanz</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 15 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B2" title="هوبرت لانز – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هوبرت لانز" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubert_Lanz" title="Hubert Lanz – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hubert Lanz" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubert_Lanz" title="Hubert Lanz – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hubert Lanz" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubert_Lanz" title="Hubert Lanz – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hubert Lanz" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubert_Lanz" title="Hubert Lanz – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Hubert Lanz" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%98_%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A5" title="הוברט לאנץ – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הוברט לאנץ" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B2" title="هوبرت لانز – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هوبرت لانز" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubert_Lanz" title="Hubert Lanz – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hubert Lanz" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubert_Lanz" title="Hubert Lanz – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hubert Lanz" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86,_%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82" title="Ланц, Хуберт – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ланц, Хуберт" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubert_Lanz" title="Hubert Lanz – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Hubert Lanz" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubert_Lanz" title="Hubert Lanz – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hubert Lanz" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubert_Lanz" title="Hubert Lanz – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hubert Lanz" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubert_Lanz" title="Hubert Lanz – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hubert Lanz" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86" title="Губерт Ланц – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Губерт Ланц" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q62718#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Hubert Lanz</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Hubert_Lanz_during_Hostages_Trial.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Hubert_Lanz_during_Hostages_Trial.jpg/220px-Hubert_Lanz_during_Hostages_Trial.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="297" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Hubert_Lanz_during_Hostages_Trial.jpg/330px-Hubert_Lanz_during_Hostages_Trial.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Hubert_Lanz_during_Hostages_Trial.jpg/440px-Hubert_Lanz_during_Hostages_Trial.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2102" data-file-height="2841" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Lanz during the <a href="/wiki/Hostages_Trial" title="Hostages Trial">Hostages Trial</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1896-05-22</span>)</span>22 May 1896<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Entringen" title="Entringen">Entringen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Kingdom of Württemberg">Kingdom of Württemberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">15 August 1982<span style="display:none">(1982-08-15)</span> (aged 86)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Massacre_of_the_Acqui_Division" title="Massacre of the Acqui Division">Cephalonia massacre</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Criminal status</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Deceased" class="mw-redirect" title="Deceased">Deceased</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Conviction" title="Conviction">Conviction(s)</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/War_crimes" class="mw-redirect" title="War crimes">War crimes</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Trial</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hostages_Trial" title="Hostages Trial">Hostages Trial</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Criminal penalty</th><td class="infobox-data">12 years imprisonment; commuted to <a href="/wiki/Time_served" title="Time served">time served</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight:bold;">Military career</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Weimar_Republic" title="Weimar Republic">Weimar Republic</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Service <wbr />/ branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/War_Ensign_of_Germany_%281938%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-War_Ensign_of_Germany_%281938%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/War_Ensign_of_Germany_%281938%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-War_Ensign_of_Germany_%281938%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/War_Ensign_of_Germany_%281938%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-War_Ensign_of_Germany_%281938%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/German_Army_(1935%E2%80%931945)" title="German Army (1935–1945)">German Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1914–45</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/General_der_Gebirgstruppe" title="General der Gebirgstruppe">General der Gebirgstruppe</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Commands</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/1st_Mountain_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="1st Mountain Division (Wehrmacht)">1st Mountain Division</a>, <a href="/wiki/Army_Detachment_Lanz" class="mw-redirect" title="Army Detachment Lanz">Army Detachment Lanz</a>, <a href="/wiki/XXXXIX_Mountain_Corps_(Germany)" class="mw-redirect" title="XXXXIX Mountain Corps (Germany)">XXXXIX Mountain Corps</a>, <a href="/wiki/XXII_Mountain_Corps_(Germany)" class="mw-redirect" title="XXII Mountain Corps (Germany)">XXII Mountain Corps</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Battles / wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Balkans_Campaign_(World_War_II)" class="mw-redirect" title="Balkans Campaign (World War II)">Balkans Campaign</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">Eastern Front</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Bandenbek%C3%A4mpfung" title="Bandenbekämpfung">Security warfare</a> in Greece</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Knight%27s_Cross_of_the_Iron_Cross_with_Oak_Leaves" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves">Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Relations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Albrecht_Lanz" title="Albrecht Lanz">Albrecht Lanz</a> (brother)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Karl Hubert Lanz</b> (22 May 1896 – 15 August 1982) was a German general during the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>, in which he led units in the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">Eastern Front</a> and in the <a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkans</a>. After the war, he was tried for war crimes and convicted in the <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Case" class="mw-redirect" title="Southeast Case">Southeast Case</a>, specifically for several atrocities committed by units under his command in the Balkans. Released in 1951, he joined the liberal <a href="/wiki/Free_Democratic_Party_(Germany)" title="Free Democratic Party (Germany)">Free Democratic Party</a> and served as its adviser on military and security issues. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_career">Early career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hubert_Lanz&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lanz entered the Army on 20 June 1914, shortly before the outbreak of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> and served in the <a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Western Front (World War I)">Western Front</a>, and ended it with the rank of lieutenant (<i>Oberleutnant</i>). He was retained in the reduced post-war <a href="/wiki/Reichswehr" title="Reichswehr">Reichswehr</a>, being promoted to captain on 1 February 1928. In the period 1932–1934 he commanded a company in an infantry regiment at <a href="/wiki/Gumbinnen" class="mw-redirect" title="Gumbinnen">Gumbinnen</a>, and was subsequently employed in staff duties, being promoted to lieutenant-colonel and Chief of Staff of IX Army Corps on 1 March 1937. After a period of command of the 100th <i>Gebirgsjäger</i> Regiment from November 1937 to August 1938, he assumed the position of Chief of Staff of the Military District V. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="World_War_II">World War II</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hubert_Lanz&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="France_and_Yugoslavia">France and Yugoslavia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hubert_Lanz&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: France and Yugoslavia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:General_Lanz_v_Celju.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/General_Lanz_v_Celju.jpg/220px-General_Lanz_v_Celju.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/General_Lanz_v_Celju.jpg/330px-General_Lanz_v_Celju.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/General_Lanz_v_Celju.jpg/440px-General_Lanz_v_Celju.jpg 2x" data-file-width="502" data-file-height="356" /></a><figcaption>General Lanz entering city magistrate to take over power in occupied <a href="/wiki/Celje" title="Celje">Celje</a>, Yugoslavia, April 1941</figcaption></figure> <p>On 15 February 1940, he was posted as Chief of Staff for the <a href="/wiki/XVIII_Corps_(Germany)" class="mw-redirect" title="XVIII Corps (Germany)">XVIII Corps</a>. On 1 October, he was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Knight%27s_Cross_of_the_Iron_Cross" title="Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross">Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross</a> for his performance in this position during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_France" title="Battle of France">Battle of France</a>. On 26 October, he assumed command of the <a href="/wiki/1st_Mountain_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="1st Mountain Division (Wehrmacht)">1st Mountain Division</a>, which was earmarked for <a href="/wiki/Operation_Felix" title="Operation Felix">Operation Felix</a>, the assault on <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a>. With Felix cancelled, the division was transferred East, where it took part in the <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Yugoslavia" title="Invasion of Yugoslavia">Invasion of Yugoslavia</a> in April 1941 as part of the <a href="/wiki/2nd_Army_(Wehrmacht)" title="2nd Army (Wehrmacht)">2nd Army</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eastern_Front">Eastern Front</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hubert_Lanz&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Eastern Front"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In June 1941, Lanz led his division in the <a href="/wiki/Operation_Barbarossa" title="Operation Barbarossa">invasion of the</a> <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>. On 30 June, his division conquered <a href="/wiki/Lvov" class="mw-redirect" title="Lvov">Lvov</a>. There, the Germans discovered several thousand bodies of prisoners who had been executed by the <a href="/wiki/NKVD" title="NKVD">NKVD</a>, as they could not be evacuated.<sup id="cite_ref-Lemberg_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lemberg-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Heer_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heer-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the news spread, a large-scale anti-Jewish <a href="/wiki/Lviv_pogroms" class="mw-redirect" title="Lviv pogroms">pogrom</a> broke out, in which the town's Ukrainian population participated, stirred up in part by German and <a href="/wiki/Organization_of_Ukrainian_Nationalists" class="mw-redirect" title="Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists">OUN</a> posters and proclamations calling for revenge against the "Jewish <a href="/wiki/Bolshevik" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolshevik">Bolshevik</a> murders".<sup id="cite_ref-Lemberg_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lemberg-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Heer_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heer-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lanz continued to command the division during its advance in the Soviet Union, participating in the breakthrough of the <a href="/wiki/Stalin_Line" title="Stalin Line">Stalin Line</a> and the advance to the <a href="/wiki/Dnjepr" class="mw-redirect" title="Dnjepr">Dnjepr</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Mius_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Mius River">Mius River</a>. In May 1942, Lanz's division fought in the <a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Kharkov" title="Second Battle of Kharkov">Second Battle of Kharkov</a> and then participated in the <a href="/wiki/Fall_Blau" class="mw-redirect" title="Fall Blau">Fall Blau</a> offensive through southern Russia and into the <a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a> (<a href="/wiki/Operation_Edelweiss" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Edelweiss">Operation Edelweiss</a>). In a symbolic <a href="/wiki/Propaganda" title="Propaganda">propaganda</a> move, on 21 August, Lanz sent a detachment of his men to raise the German flag on <a href="/wiki/Mount_Elbrus" title="Mount Elbrus">Mount Elbrus</a>. Although the feat was widely publicized by <a href="/wiki/Goebbels" class="mw-redirect" title="Goebbels">Goebbels</a>, Hitler was furious at this.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Relieved of command on 17 December 1942, he was awarded the Oak Leaves to the Knight's Cross on the 23rd. Following the collapse of the German front after the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stalingrad" title="Battle of Stalingrad">Battle of Stalingrad</a>, on 26 January 1943 Lanz was promoted to general and placed in command of the Army Detachment Lanz (<i>Armeeabteilung Lanz</i>), a formation made up of various German forces after the collapse of the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Army_in_Russia" title="Italian Army in Russia">Italian 8th Army</a>, including the elite troops of the <a href="/wiki/II_SS_Panzer_Corps" title="II SS Panzer Corps">II SS Panzer Corps</a> under General <a href="/wiki/Paul_Hausser" title="Paul Hausser">Paul Hausser</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hoffmann279_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hoffmann279-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lanz was tasked by Hitler to hold the area of <a href="/wiki/Kharkov" class="mw-redirect" title="Kharkov">Kharkov</a>, even though he was outnumbered by almost 4:1. Following the loss of the city to the advancing <a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Red Army</a>, he was again dismissed on 20 February, although the decision to abandon the city without a fight had been taken by Hausser against Lanz's orders.<sup id="cite_ref-Hoffmann279_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hoffmann279-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 25 June he was appointed provisional commander of <a href="/wiki/XXXXIX_Mountain_Corps_(Germany)" class="mw-redirect" title="XXXXIX Mountain Corps (Germany)">XXXXIX Mountain Corps</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Crimea" title="Crimea">Crimea</a>, a post he retained for a month. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Plan_to_arrest_Hitler">Plan to arrest Hitler</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hubert_Lanz&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Plan to arrest Hitler"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While Lanz was in command of the defence of Kharkov, he, along with his Chief of Staff <a href="/wiki/Hans_Speidel" title="Hans Speidel">Hans Speidel</a> (later chief of staff to <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Rommel" title="Erwin Rommel">Erwin Rommel</a> and involved in the <a href="/wiki/20_July_plot" title="20 July plot">20 July plot</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Hyazinth_Graf_Strachwitz_von_Gross-Zauche_und_Camminetz" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyazinth Graf Strachwitz von Gross-Zauche und Camminetz">Colonel von Strachwitz</a> formulated a plan to arrest Hitler during his scheduled visit to Lanz's headquarters at <a href="/wiki/Poltava" title="Poltava">Poltava</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hoffmann279_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hoffmann279-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="The material near this tag is possibly inaccurate or nonfactual. (February 2016)">dubious</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Hubert_Lanz#must_have_come_from_Lanz_and_Speidel;_should_not_be_presented_as_a_statement_of_fact" title="Talk:Hubert Lanz">discuss</a></i>]</sup> To accomplish this, the plotters planned to use von Strachwitz's <i><a href="/wiki/Gro%C3%9Fdeutschland_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="Großdeutschland Division">Großdeutschland</a></i> Panzer regiment to overpower Hitler's SS bodyguard.<sup id="cite_ref-Hoffmann280_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hoffmann280-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This "Plan Lanz" was known in certain military circles, including the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Army_Group_B" title="Army Group B">Army Group B</a>, and was even communicated to Field Marshal <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Rommel" title="Erwin Rommel">Erwin Rommel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hoffmann280_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hoffmann280-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="The material near this tag is possibly inaccurate or nonfactual. (February 2016)">dubious</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Hubert_Lanz#what_Rommel_knew/Speidel_communicated_to_him_is_disputed" title="Talk:Hubert Lanz">discuss</a></i>]</sup> However, on 17 February, when Hitler made his front visit, he chose <a href="/wiki/Erich_von_Manstein" title="Erich von Manstein">Manstein</a>'s headquarters at <a href="/wiki/Zaporozhye" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaporozhye">Zaporozhye</a> instead of Poltava.<sup id="cite_ref-Hoffmann280_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hoffmann280-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Greece">Greece</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hubert_Lanz&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Greece"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Security_warfare_in_Epirus">Security warfare in Epirus</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hubert_Lanz&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Security warfare in Epirus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bandenbek%C3%A4mpfung" title="Bandenbekämpfung">Bandenbekämpfung</a></div> <p>On 9 September 1943, Lanz assumed command of the newly formed (on 20 August) <a href="/wiki/XXII_Mountain_Corps_(Germany)" class="mw-redirect" title="XXII Mountain Corps (Germany)">XXII Mountain Corps</a> in <a href="/wiki/Epirus_(region)" title="Epirus (region)">Epirus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Meyer1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meyer1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Germans feared an Allied landing in Greece (a belief reinforced by British <a href="/wiki/Disinformation" title="Disinformation">disinformation</a> measures like <a href="/wiki/Operation_Mincemeat" title="Operation Mincemeat">Operation Mincemeat</a>), and were engaged in continuous anti-<a href="/wiki/Partisan_(military)" title="Partisan (military)">partisan</a> sweeps,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> during which several hundred villages were depopulated and often torched.<sup id="cite_ref-Meyer1_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meyer1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Collective_punishment" title="Collective punishment">Collective punishment</a> of entire localities for guerrilla attacks was common, with directives to execute 50 to 100 hostages for each German casualty;<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> only four days before Lanz assumed command, men of the 98th Regiment of <a href="/wiki/1st_Mountain_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="1st Mountain Division (Wehrmacht)">1st Mountain Division</a> under Lieutenant-Colonel Josef Salminger, an ardent Nazi, had executed 153 civilians in the village of <a href="/wiki/Massacres_of_Mousiotitsa" title="Massacres of Mousiotitsa">Mousiotitsa</a> and another 317 in the village of <a href="/wiki/Massacre_of_Kommeno" title="Massacre of Kommeno">Kommeno</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Meyer1_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meyer1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lanz himself was often at odds with his new subordinates. A conservative officer of the old school, and a devout <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism">Catholic</a>, he had little in common with the energetic and fanatical young officers of the division like Salminger.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lanz was certainly no Nazi, and his involvement with the circles of the <a href="/wiki/20_July_plot" title="20 July plot">20 July plot</a> was known; after its failure, he was said to sleep with a revolver under his pillow.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite Lanz's personal misgivings and his clashes with his subordinate, General <a href="/wiki/Walter_Stettner_Ritter_von_Grabenhofen" title="Walter Stettner Ritter von Grabenhofen">Walter von Stettner</a>, over the treatment of civilians,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> reprisals remained a standard tactic: following the death of Salminger in a guerrilla ambush in late September, Lanz issued an order demanding "ruthless retaliatory action" in a 20 km area around the place of the ambush. As a result, at least 200 civilians were executed, including 92 in the village of <a href="/wiki/Lingiades_massacre" title="Lingiades massacre">Lingiades</a> alone.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although these large-scale operations proved to have little permanent effect on the guerrilla groups themselves,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the reprisals instilled sufficient terror in the local population to deter cooperation with the guerrillas. Furthermore, in late 1943, pressed by both the Germans and rival leftist <a href="/wiki/Greek_People%27s_Liberation_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek People's Liberation Army">ELAS</a> guerrillas, General <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_Zervas" title="Napoleon Zervas">Napoleon Zervas</a>, the leader of <a href="/wiki/EDES" title="EDES">EDES</a>, the dominant guerrilla group in Epirus, reached a tacit agreement with Lanz and restricted his forces' operations against the Germans.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cephalonia_and_Corfu_massacres">Cephalonia and Corfu massacres</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hubert_Lanz&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Cephalonia and Corfu massacres"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 8 September, <a href="/wiki/Italian_armistice" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian armistice">Italy surrendered</a> to the Allies. This began a race to <a href="/wiki/Operation_Achse" title="Operation Achse">disarm and intern</a> the Italian garrisons of the Balkans before the Allies could take advantage of it. Lanz was tasked with overcoming the Italian forces in Epirus and the <a href="/wiki/Ionian_Islands" title="Ionian Islands">Ionian Islands</a>. In two cases, in <a href="/wiki/Cephalonia" title="Cephalonia">Cephalonia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Corfu" title="Corfu">Corfu</a>, the Italians offered resistance. Lanz himself was initially in favour of negotiating the Italian surrender, but in the end followed his orders and stormed these islands.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Cephalonia, the battle raged for a week before the Italians surrendered. After their surrender, and according to a directive from Hitler, <a href="/wiki/Massacre_of_the_Acqui_Division" title="Massacre of the Acqui Division">more than 5,000 Italians were executed</a> by the Germans. Lanz was present in Cephalonia both during the battle and the subsequent massacre. In Corfu, resistance lasted only for a day, but all 280 Italian officers on the island were shot and their bodies were disposed of in the sea, on Lanz's orders. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="End_of_the_war">End of the war</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hubert_Lanz&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: End of the war"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the German retreat from Greece in October 1944, Lanz and his troops moved through the Balkans towards <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a>, where they participated in <a href="/wiki/Operation_Margarethe" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Margarethe">Operation Margarethe</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Austrian <a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alps</a>, where he surrendered to the <a href="/wiki/US_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="US Army">US Army</a> on 8 May 1945. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Trial_and_subsequent_life">Trial and subsequent life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hubert_Lanz&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Trial and subsequent life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Defendants_in_the_dock_and_their_lawyers_during_Hostages_Trial_USHMM_16806.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Defendants_in_the_dock_and_their_lawyers_during_Hostages_Trial_USHMM_16806.jpg/200px-Defendants_in_the_dock_and_their_lawyers_during_Hostages_Trial_USHMM_16806.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Defendants_in_the_dock_and_their_lawyers_during_Hostages_Trial_USHMM_16806.jpg/300px-Defendants_in_the_dock_and_their_lawyers_during_Hostages_Trial_USHMM_16806.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Defendants_in_the_dock_and_their_lawyers_during_Hostages_Trial_USHMM_16806.jpg/400px-Defendants_in_the_dock_and_their_lawyers_during_Hostages_Trial_USHMM_16806.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1641" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>The defendants of the "Southeast Case" in the dock at Nuremberg. Lanz is third from left in the back.</figcaption></figure> <p>Lanz was brought to trial in 1947 in the so-called "<a href="/wiki/Southeast_Case" class="mw-redirect" title="Southeast Case">Southeast Case</a>" of the <a href="/wiki/Subsequent_Nuremberg_Trials" class="mw-redirect" title="Subsequent Nuremberg Trials">Nuremberg Trials</a>, along with other Wehrmacht generals active in the Balkans. The trial was concerned with the atrocities carried out against civilians and <a href="/wiki/POW" class="mw-redirect" title="POW">POWs</a> in the area. In Lanz's case, the biggest issue was the <a href="/wiki/Massacre_of_the_Acqui_Division" title="Massacre of the Acqui Division">Cephalonia massacre</a>. However, his defence team cast doubt on the allegations concerning these events, and as the Italians did not present any evidence against him, Lanz convinced the court that he had resisted Hitler's directives and that the massacre did not happen.<sup id="cite_ref-A_Brutal_Story_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A_Brutal_Story-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He claimed that the report to Army Group E reporting the execution of 5,000 soldiers had been a ruse employed to deceive the Army command, in order to hide the fact that he had disobeyed the Führer’s orders. He added that fewer than a dozen officers were shot and the rest of the <i>Acqui</i> Division was transported to <a href="/wiki/Piraeus" title="Piraeus">Piraeus</a> through <a href="/wiki/Patras" title="Patras">Patras</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-A_Brutal_Story_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A_Brutal_Story-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His defence also argued that the Italians were under no orders to fight from the War Office in <a href="/wiki/Brindisi" title="Brindisi">Brindisi</a>, and would therefore have to be regarded as <a href="/wiki/Mutiny" title="Mutiny">mutineers</a> or <i><a href="/wiki/Franc-tireur" class="mw-redirect" title="Franc-tireur">franc-tireurs</a></i> who had no right to be treated as POWs under the <a href="/wiki/Third_Geneva_Convention" title="Third Geneva Convention">Geneva conventions</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-A_Brutal_Story_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A_Brutal_Story-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ultimately, Lanz was sentenced to 12 years imprisonment, a comparatively light sentence compared with other commanders involved with operations in the Balkans, like <a href="/wiki/Lothar_Rendulic" title="Lothar Rendulic">Lothar Rendulic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-A_Brutal_Story_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A_Brutal_Story-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His sentence was reviewed by the "<a href="/wiki/Peck_Panel" class="mw-redirect" title="Peck Panel">Peck Panel</a>". On 1 February 1951, Lanz was released after his sentence was commuted to time served. To date, he is the only person to have served a prison sentence for the atrocities committed in Epirus or the Ionian islands. </p><p>After his release, Lanz became active in the ranks of the <a href="/wiki/Freie_Demokratische_Partei" class="mw-redirect" title="Freie Demokratische Partei">FDP</a> party and served as its adviser on military and security issues. In 1954, he published a book on the history of the 1st Mountain Division. He died in Munich in 1982. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_decorations">Awards and decorations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hubert_Lanz&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Awards and decorations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Cross" title="Iron Cross">Iron Cross</a> (1914) 1st and 2nd class<sup id="cite_ref-rdr_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rdr-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Golden Württemberg Military Merit Medal<sup id="cite_ref-rdr_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rdr-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on 30 August 1915<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Knight's Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Order" title="Friedrich Order">Friedrich Order</a> with Swords<sup id="cite_ref-rdr_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rdr-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Knight's Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Military_Merit_Order_(W%C3%BCrttemberg)" title="Military Merit Order (Württemberg)">Military Merit Order (Württemberg)</a><sup id="cite_ref-rdr_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rdr-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Merit_Cross_(Austria-Hungary)" title="Military Merit Cross (Austria-Hungary)">Military Merit Cross</a>, 3rd class with Swords (Austria-Hungary)<sup id="cite_ref-rdr_19-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rdr-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wound_Badge" title="Wound Badge">Wound Badge</a> (1918) in Black<sup id="cite_ref-rdr_19-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rdr-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Vytautas_the_Great" title="Order of Vytautas the Great">Order of Vytautas the Great</a>, 5th class (Lithuania) on 8 September 1933<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clasp_to_the_Iron_Cross" title="Clasp to the Iron Cross">Clasp to the Iron Cross</a> (1939) <ul><li>2nd Class (22 May 1940)<sup id="cite_ref-Thomas_p11_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thomas_p11-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1st Class (8 June 1940)<sup id="cite_ref-Thomas_p11_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thomas_p11-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knight%27s_Cross_of_the_Iron_Cross_with_Oak_Leaves" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves">Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves</a> <ul><li>Knight's Cross on 1 October 1940 as an <i>Oberst</i> in the General Staff and Chief of Staff of XVIII. Armeekorps<sup id="cite_ref-Scherzer_p494_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scherzer_p494-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>160th Oak Leaves on 23 December 1942 as a <i>Generalleutnant</i> and commander of the 1. Gebirgs-Division<sup id="cite_ref-Scherzer_p494_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scherzer_p494-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hubert_Lanz&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_attempts_on_Adolf_Hitler" title="Assassination attempts on Adolf Hitler">Assassination attempts on Adolf Hitler</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hubert_Lanz&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Lemberg-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lemberg_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lemberg_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Hannes_Heer" title="Hannes Heer">Hannes Heer</a>, Einübung in den Holocaust: Lemberg Juni/Juli 1941; in: ZfG 5/2001</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Heer-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Heer_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Heer_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hannes Heer: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zeit.de/2001/26/200126_a-lemberg.xml"><i>Blutige Ouvertüre. Lemberg, 30. Juni 1941: Mit dem Einmarsch der Wehrmachttruppen beginnt der Judenmord</i></a> DIE ZEIT Nr. 26/2001; S. 90</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Heer <i>et al.</i> (2000), p. 163</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hoffmann279-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hoffmann279_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hoffmann279_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hoffmann279_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hoffmann (1996), p. 279</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hoffmann280-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hoffmann280_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hoffmann280_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hoffmann280_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hoffmann (1996), p. 280</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Meyer1-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Meyer1_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meyer1_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meyer1_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hfmeyer.com/greek/publications/mousiotitsia/index.html">Meyer, Hermann Frank: Die 1. Gebirgs-Division in Epirus im Sommer 1943</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mazower (1995), p. 170</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mazower (1995), p. 177</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nrw.vvn-bda.de/texte/gebirgsjaeger.htm">Mörder unterm Edelweiß – noch immer unter uns</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Heer <i>et al.</i> (2000), pp. 158–159</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mazower (1995), p. 207</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mazower (1995), p. 177; Heer <i>et als</i> (2000), p. 158</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Meyer (1999), pp. 103–107</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mazower (1995), pp. 171–172</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mazower (1995), p. 148 & p. 178</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Steinberg (2002), p. 161</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Steinberg (2002), p. 214</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-A_Brutal_Story-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-A_Brutal_Story_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-A_Brutal_Story_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-A_Brutal_Story_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-A_Brutal_Story_18-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lamb (1996), pp. 134–135</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rdr-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rdr_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rdr_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rdr_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rdr_19-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rdr_19-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rdr_19-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><i>Rangliste des Deutschen Reichsheeres</i> (in German). Berlin: Mittler & Sohn. p. 147.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rangliste+des+Deutschen+Reichsheeres&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pages=147&rft.pub=Mittler+%26+Sohn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Lanz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvon_Moser1928" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">von Moser, Otto (1928). <i>Die Württemberger im Weltkrieg. 2. Auflage</i> (in German). Stuttgart: Belser. p. 133.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+W%C3%BCrttemberger+im+Weltkrieg.+2.+Auflage&rft.place=Stuttgart&rft.pages=133&rft.pub=Belser&rft.date=1928&rft.aulast=von+Moser&rft.aufirst=Otto&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Lanz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas & Wegmann 1994, p. 21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thomas_p11-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Thomas_p11_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thomas_p11_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas 1998, p. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Scherzer_p494-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Scherzer_p494_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Scherzer_p494_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Scherzer 2007, p. 494.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fellgiebel 2000, p. 285.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fellgiebel 2000, p. 64.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources_and_bibliography">Sources and bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hubert_Lanz&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Sources and bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><span class="languageicon">(in German)</span> Charles B. Burdick: Hubert Lanz. General der Gebirgstruppe 1896–1982, (= Soldatenschicksale des zwanzigsten Jahrhunderts als Geschichtsquelle, Bd. 9), Osnabrück, 1988, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-7648-1736-4" title="Special:BookSources/3-7648-1736-4">3-7648-1736-4</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFellgiebel2000" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer (2000) [1986]. <i>Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile</i> [<i>The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches</i>] (in German). Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-7909-0284-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-7909-0284-6"><bdi>978-3-7909-0284-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+Tr%C3%A4ger+des+Ritterkreuzes+des+Eisernen+Kreuzes+1939%E2%80%931945+%E2%80%94+Die+Inhaber+der+h%C3%B6chsten+Auszeichnung+des+Zweiten+Weltkrieges+aller+Wehrmachtteile&rft.place=Friedberg%2C+Germany&rft.pub=Podzun-Pallas&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-3-7909-0284-6&rft.aulast=Fellgiebel&rft.aufirst=Walther-Peer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Lanz" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeerNaumann,_KlausShelton,_Roy2000" class="citation book cs1">Heer, Hannes; Naumann, Klaus; Shelton, Roy (2000). <i>War of Extermination: The German Military in World War II, 1941–1944</i>. Berghahn Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57181-493-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57181-493-7"><bdi>978-1-57181-493-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=War+of+Extermination%3A+The+German+Military+in+World+War+II%2C+1941%E2%80%931944&rft.pub=Berghahn+Books&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-1-57181-493-7&rft.aulast=Heer&rft.aufirst=Hannes&rft.au=Naumann%2C+Klaus&rft.au=Shelton%2C+Roy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Lanz" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoffmann1996" class="citation book cs1">Hoffmann, Peter (1996). <i>The History of the German Resistance, 1933–1945</i>. McGill-Queen's Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-1531-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-1531-4"><bdi>978-0-7735-1531-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+the+German+Resistance%2C+1933%E2%80%931945&rft.pub=McGill-Queen%27s+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-7735-1531-4&rft.aulast=Hoffmann&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Lanz" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLamb1996" class="citation book cs1">Lamb, Richard (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=J3lZfe7chxwC&q=%22Cephalonia+Massacre%22&pg=PA134"><i>War in Italy, 1943–1945: A Brutal Story</i></a>. Da Capo Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-306-80688-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-306-80688-6"><bdi>0-306-80688-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=War+in+Italy%2C+1943%E2%80%931945%3A+A+Brutal+Story&rft.pub=Da+Capo+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-306-80688-6&rft.aulast=Lamb&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJ3lZfe7chxwC%26q%3D%2522Cephalonia%2BMassacre%2522%26pg%3DPA134&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Lanz" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged June 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLanz1954" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lanz, Hubert (1954). <i>Gebirgsjäger. Die 1. Gebirgs-Division 1935 – 1945</i> (in German). Bad Nauheim.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gebirgsj%C3%A4ger.+Die+1.+Gebirgs-Division+1935+%E2%80%93+1945&rft.place=Bad+Nauheim&rft.date=1954&rft.aulast=Lanz&rft.aufirst=Hubert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Lanz" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMazower1995" class="citation book cs1">Mazower, Mark (1995). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/insidehitlersgre00mark"><i>Inside Hitler's Greece: The Experience of Occupation, 1941–44</i></a></span>. United States: Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-300-08923-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-300-08923-6"><bdi>0-300-08923-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inside+Hitler%27s+Greece%3A+The+Experience+of+Occupation%2C+1941%E2%80%9344&rft.place=United+States&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-300-08923-6&rft.aulast=Mazower&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Finsidehitlersgre00mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Lanz" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeyer1999" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Meyer, Hermann Frank (1999). <i>Kommeno. Erzählende Rekonstruktion eines Wehrmachtsverbrechens in Griechenland</i> (in German). Köln: Romiosini Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-929889-34-X" title="Special:BookSources/3-929889-34-X"><bdi>3-929889-34-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kommeno.+Erz%C3%A4hlende+Rekonstruktion+eines+Wehrmachtsverbrechens+in+Griechenland&rft.place=K%C3%B6ln&rft.pub=Romiosini+Verlag&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=3-929889-34-X&rft.aulast=Meyer&rft.aufirst=Hermann+Frank&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Lanz" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeyer2008" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Meyer, Hermann Frank (2008). <i>Blutiges Edelweiß. Die 1. Gebirgs-Division im Zweiten Weltkrieg</i> (in German). Berlin: Verlag Ch. Links. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-86153-447-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-86153-447-1"><bdi>978-3-86153-447-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Blutiges+Edelwei%C3%9F.+Die+1.+Gebirgs-Division+im+Zweiten+Weltkrieg&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pub=Verlag+Ch.+Links&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-3-86153-447-1&rft.aulast=Meyer&rft.aufirst=Hermann+Frank&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Lanz" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScherzer2007" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Scherzer, Veit (2007). <i>Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives</i> [<i>The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives</i>] (in German). Jena, Germany: Scherzers Militaer-Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-938845-17-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-938845-17-2"><bdi>978-3-938845-17-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+Ritterkreuztr%C3%A4ger+1939%E2%80%931945+Die+Inhaber+des+Ritterkreuzes+des+Eisernen+Kreuzes+1939+von+Heer%2C+Luftwaffe%2C+Kriegsmarine%2C+Waffen-SS%2C+Volkssturm+sowie+mit+Deutschland+verb%C3%BCndeter+Streitkr%C3%A4fte+nach+den+Unterlagen+des+Bundesarchives&rft.place=Jena%2C+Germany&rft.pub=Scherzers+Militaer-Verlag&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-3-938845-17-2&rft.aulast=Scherzer&rft.aufirst=Veit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Lanz" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchreiber1990" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Schreiber, Gerhard (1990). <i>Die italienischen Militärinternierten im deutschen Machtbereich 1943 bis 1945. Verraten – Verachtet – Vergessen, (= Beiträge zur Militärgeschichte, Bd. 28)</i> (in German). München. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-486-55391-7" title="Special:BookSources/3-486-55391-7"><bdi>3-486-55391-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+italienischen+Milit%C3%A4rinternierten+im+deutschen+Machtbereich+1943+bis+1945.+Verraten+%E2%80%93+Verachtet+%E2%80%93+Vergessen%2C+%28%3D+Beitr%C3%A4ge+zur+Milit%C3%A4rgeschichte%2C+Bd.+28%29&rft.place=M%C3%BCnchen&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=3-486-55391-7&rft.aulast=Schreiber&rft.aufirst=Gerhard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Lanz" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteinberg2002" class="citation book cs1">Steinberg, Jonathan (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LIgoGnRb1hcC"><i>All Or Nothing: The Axis and the Holocaust, 1941–1943</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-29069-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-29069-2"><bdi>978-0-415-29069-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=All+Or+Nothing%3A+The+Axis+and+the+Holocaust%2C+1941%E2%80%931943&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-415-29069-2&rft.aulast=Steinberg&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLIgoGnRb1hcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Lanz" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomasWegmann1994" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Thomas, Franz; Wegmann, Günter (1994). <i>Die Ritterkreuzträger der Deutschen Wehrmacht 1939–1945 Teil VI: Die Gebirgstruppe Band 2: L–Z</i> [<i>The Knight's Cross Bearers of the German Wehrmacht 1939–1945 Part VI: The Mountain Troops Volume 2: L–Z</i>] (in German). Osnabrück, Germany: Biblio-Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-7648-2430-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-7648-2430-3"><bdi>978-3-7648-2430-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+Ritterkreuztr%C3%A4ger+der+Deutschen+Wehrmacht+1939%E2%80%931945+Teil+VI%3A+Die+Gebirgstruppe+Band+2%3A+L%E2%80%93Z&rft.place=Osnabr%C3%BCck%2C+Germany&rft.pub=Biblio-Verlag&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-3-7648-2430-3&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Franz&rft.au=Wegmann%2C+G%C3%BCnter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Lanz" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas1998" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Thomas, Franz (1998). <i>Die Eichenlaubträger 1939–1945 Band 2: L–Z</i> [<i>The Oak Leaves Bearers 1939–1945 Volume 2: L–Z</i>] (in German). Osnabrück, Germany: Biblio-Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-7648-2300-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-7648-2300-9"><bdi>978-3-7648-2300-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+Eichenlaubtr%C3%A4ger+1939%E2%80%931945+Band+2%3A+L%E2%80%93Z&rft.place=Osnabr%C3%BCck%2C+Germany&rft.pub=Biblio-Verlag&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-3-7648-2300-9&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Franz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Lanz" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hubert_Lanz&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #CF9C65;">Military offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Generalleutnant <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_K%C3%BCbler" title="Ludwig Kübler">Ludwig Kübler</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Commander of <a href="/wiki/1st_Mountain_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="1st Mountain Division (Wehrmacht)">1. Gebirgs-Division</a> </b><br />October 25, 1940 – December 17, 1942 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Generalleutnant <a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_von_Stettner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter von Stettner (page does not exist)">Walter von Stettner</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">none<br />(new formation)</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Commander of <a href="/wiki/Army_Detachment_Lanz" class="mw-redirect" title="Army Detachment Lanz">Armeeabteilung Lanz</a> </b><br />January 28, 1943 – February 20, 1943 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">General der Panzertruppe <a href="/wiki/Werner_Kempf" title="Werner Kempf">Werner Kempf</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/German_Army_Detachment_Kempf" class="mw-redirect" title="German Army Detachment Kempf">Armeeabteilung Kempf</a>)</div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">General der Gebirgstruppe <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Konrad" title="Rudolf Konrad">Rudolf Konrad</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Commander of <a href="/wiki/XXXXIX_Mountain_Corps_(Germany)" class="mw-redirect" title="XXXXIX Mountain Corps (Germany)">XXXXIX Gebirgskorps</a> </b><br />June 25, 1943 – July 26, 1943 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">General der Gebirgstruppe <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Konrad" title="Rudolf Konrad">Rudolf Konrad</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">none<br />(new formation)</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Commander of <a href="/wiki/XXII_Mountain_Corps_(Germany)" class="mw-redirect" title="XXII Mountain Corps (Germany)">XXII Gebirgskorps</a> </b><br />August 20, 1943 – May 8, 1945 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">none<br />(German capitulation)</div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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href="/wiki/Ernst_Dehner" title="Ernst Dehner">Ernst Dehner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_von_Leyser" title="Ernst von Leyser">Ernst von Leyser</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Speidel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilhelm Speidel (page does not exist)">Wilhelm Speidel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lightsteelblue;">Acquitted</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Foertsch" title="Hermann Foertsch">Hermann Foertsch</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurt_Ritter_von_Geitner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kurt Ritter von Geitner (page does not exist)">Kurt Ritter von Geitner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lightsteelblue;">No decision</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_von_Weichs" title="Maximilian von Weichs">Maximilian von Weichs</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_B%C3%B6hme" title="Franz Böhme">Franz Böhme</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em 0.2em 0.3em; background:lightsteelblue; line-height:1.3em;"><div><sup><small>1</small></sup> Charges dropped due to failing health. <sup><small>2</small></sup> Committed suicide.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62718#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62718#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62718#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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href="https://viaf.org/viaf/32793774">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/254015/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJh4yWYpjptBFMRQFjQKBP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118841335">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n88212107">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=295822">Greece</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118841335.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118841335">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/147026814">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6190rbt">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output 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