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References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" 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href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteste_gegen_Rassismus_in_der_National_Football_League" title="Proteste gegen Rassismus in der National Football League – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Proteste gegen Rassismus in der National Football League" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestations_durant_l%27hymne_am%C3%A9ricain" title="Protestations durant l'hymne américain – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Protestations durant l'hymne américain" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%90%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%99" title="מחאת ההמנון 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Series of protests by American athletes</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the previous protests, see <a href="/wiki/U.S._national_anthem_protests" title="U.S. national anthem protests">U.S. national anthem protests</a>. For the wider sense of the 'taking the knee' symbolic gesture, see <a href="/wiki/Taking_the_knee" title="Taking the knee">Taking the knee</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article needs to be updated. The reason given is: Updates following 2020 due to article's status as ongoing.. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (April 2022)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing: 2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="background-color:#CEE0F2;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">U.S. national anthem kneeling protests</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa; line-height: 1.5em;"><a href="/wiki/File:Oakland_Raiders_National_Anthem_Kneeling_(37444579735)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Oakland_Raiders_National_Anthem_Kneeling_%2837444579735%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/300px-Oakland_Raiders_National_Anthem_Kneeling_%2837444579735%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="369" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Oakland_Raiders_National_Anthem_Kneeling_%2837444579735%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/450px-Oakland_Raiders_National_Anthem_Kneeling_%2837444579735%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Oakland_Raiders_National_Anthem_Kneeling_%2837444579735%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/600px-Oakland_Raiders_National_Anthem_Kneeling_%2837444579735%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="796" data-file-height="979" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="padding:0.35em 0.35em 0.25em;line-height:1.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Oakland_Raiders" title="Oakland Raiders">Oakland Raiders</a> players kneeling during the national anthem in 2017</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Date</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">August 14, 2016–ongoing (8 years, 3 months, 1 week and 1 day)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="display:inline;" class="location"><a href="/wiki/National_Football_League_stadiums" class="mw-redirect" title="National Football League stadiums">National Football League stadiums</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Goals</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"> <ul><li>To raise awareness of <a href="/wiki/Racism_in_the_United_States" title="Racism in the United States">racism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Police_brutality_in_the_United_States" title="Police brutality in the United States">police brutality</a><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-2">[2]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_speech" title="Freedom of speech">Freedom of speech</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Methods</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Peaceful_protest" class="mw-redirect" title="Peaceful protest">Peaceful protest</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Beginning in August 2016, some American athletes, most of whom are <a href="/wiki/African_American" class="mw-redirect" title="African American">African Americans</a>, have protested against <a href="/wiki/Racism_in_the_United_States" title="Racism in the United States">systemic racism in the United States</a> by <a href="/wiki/Kneeling" title="Kneeling">kneeling</a> on one knee while the <a href="/wiki/U.S._national_anthem" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. national anthem">U.S. national anthem</a> is played.<a href="#cite_note-insider.foxnews.com-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> Beginning in 2017, many players also protested against President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>'s criticisms of those involved in the protest, and some against Trump's policies during his time in office.<a href="#cite_note-insider.foxnews.com-4">[4]</a> Some observers have praised the players' social awareness.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> The act itself has become widely referred to as "<a href="/wiki/Taking_the_knee" title="Taking the knee">taking the knee</a>" or "taking a knee".<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> Right-wing backlash to Black athletes kneeling often includes heavy criticism of the athletes for being "unpatriotic"; internet backlash against the players has raised questions over their right to <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_speech" title="Freedom of speech">freedom of speech</a>.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> The protests began in the <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">National Football League</a> (NFL) after <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_49ers" title="San Francisco 49ers">San Francisco 49ers</a> <a href="/wiki/Quarterback" title="Quarterback">quarterback</a> <a href="/wiki/Colin_Kaepernick" title="Colin Kaepernick">Colin Kaepernick</a> sat and later <a href="/wiki/Knelt" class="mw-redirect" title="Knelt">knelt</a> during the anthem, before his team's <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League_preseason" class="mw-redirect" title="National Football League preseason">preseason</a> games of 2016.<a href="#cite_note-SB-11">[11]</a> Throughout the following seasons, members of various NFL and other sports teams have engaged in similar silent protests. On September 24, 2017, the NFL protests became more widespread when over 200 players sat or knelt in reaction to Trump's call for owners to "fire" the protesting players.<a href="#cite_note-:1-12">[12]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._national_anthem_kneeling_protests&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/U.S._national_anthem_protests" title="U.S. national anthem protests">U.S. national anthem protests</a></div> It is a tradition in the United States to play "<a href="/wiki/The_Star-Spangled_Banner" title="The Star-Spangled Banner">The Star-Spangled Banner</a>", the <a href="/wiki/National_anthem" title="National anthem">national anthem</a>, before sporting events.<a href="#cite_note-:2-13">[13]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Code" title="United States Code">United States Code</a>, those present should stand at attention with right hand over heart.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">National Football League</a> (NFL) players were not mandated to be on the field for the playing of the national anthem until 2009.<a href="#cite_note-:5-17">[17]</a> In 2016 the NFL stated that "players are encouraged but not required to stand during the playing of the National Anthem"; its game operations manual reads that players "should stand" for the anthem.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> The people of the United States are widely divided on the intended meaning of the anthem. Some believe it salutes military and police officers who have died on duty; for others, it honors the United States generally.<a href="#cite_note-:2-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> The antagonistic response to kneeling is raised in spite of the fact that kneeling is a demonstration of reverence, submissiveness, and deference,<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> in contrast with the interpretation that kneeling is offensive to those who are honored by the anthem. Teams across all major sports received $6.8 million from the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Defense" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Defense">Department of Defense</a> between 2012 and 2015 in exchange for performance of the national anthem at their games, along with various other military and patriotic activities.<a href="#cite_note-:5-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> Kaepernick and his 49ers teammate <a href="/wiki/Eric_Reid" title="Eric Reid">Eric Reid</a> said they choose to kneel in San Diego during the anthem to call attention to the issues of <a href="/wiki/Racial_inequality_in_the_United_States" title="Racial inequality in the United States">racial inequality</a> and police brutality. "After hours of careful consideration, and even a visit from <a href="/wiki/Nate_Boyer" title="Nate Boyer">Nate Boyer</a>, a retired <a href="/wiki/Special_Forces_(United_States_Army)" class="mw-redirect" title="Special Forces (United States Army)">Green Beret</a> and former NFL player, we came to the conclusion that we should kneel, rather than sit, ... during the anthem, as a peaceful protest," said Reid. "We chose to kneel because it's a <a href="/wiki/Respect" title="Respect">respectful</a> gesture. I remember thinking our posture was like a flag flown at half-mast to mark a tragedy."<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> Some regard kneeling as disrespectful to those who have died or been wounded in service of the United States, such as police officers or military veterans.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> <a href="/wiki/Torrey_Smith" title="Torrey Smith">Torrey Smith</a>, ex-wide receiver for the <a href="/wiki/Carolina_Panthers" title="Carolina Panthers">Carolina Panthers</a>, had said in an interview: "I understand why people are offended by people protesting the National Anthem. My father served 25 years. When he dies, he's going to be wrapped in an American flag. But my dad is also out of the Army, and he drives trucks all over the country, and he's a black man everywhere he goes, and sometimes he has racial incidents still today. That doesn't protect him, just because he served our country. And I think that's important."<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> Kaepernick has said on numerous occasions that the sole purpose of kneeling during the national anthem is not to disrespect the military personnel at all, but rather that his goal is to use his social platform to bring topics regarding police brutality and oppression of people of color to light. "I am not going to get up to show pride in a country that oppresses black people and people of color."<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-sporting_news_slover-26">[26]</a> Kaepernick has expressed his concerns about how his actions have been labeled as "anthem protest", since he considers this to be a diversion strategy from his critics to deviate the discussion from what really matters. "I am not protesting the anthem or the nation, I'm protesting organised brutality. To me, this is much bigger than football and it would be selfish to look the other way.<a href="#cite_note-medium_mejia-27">[27]</a> There are bodies in the street and people getting paid leave and getting away with murder."<a href="#cite_note-sporting_news_slover-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-medium_mejia-27">[27]</a> After Kaepernick started his campaign to create awareness about excess police brutality towards minorities, especially African-Americans, commentators have mainly shifted focus to the patriotic aspect of kneeling rather than the meaning behind it, thus weakening Kaepernick's primary goal.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> One political person that players believe completely misinterpreted the act of kneeling was President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>, since he repeatedly claimed that players are protesting the flag and the national anthem; however, players are for the most part protesting the lack of accountability in the judicial system, and the way police officers can easily get away with police brutality towards African-Americans.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> Kaepernick was not able to sign a contract with any NFL team even after he opted out of his contract with the 49ers and became a free agent in 2017, presumably because of his actions of taking a knee.<a href="#cite_note-Reid-30">[30]</a> Nevertheless, even though Kaepernick was no longer on the sideline, his movement did not stop but rather gained more participants.<a href="#cite_note-Reid-30">[30]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Causes">Causes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._national_anthem_kneeling_protests&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Causes">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Police_protest.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Police_protest.jpg/220px-Police_protest.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Police_protest.jpg/330px-Police_protest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Police_protest.jpg/440px-Police_protest.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1508" /></a><figcaption>Protestors demanding police accountability</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Criminal_justice_reform_in_the_United_States" title="Criminal justice reform in the United States">Criminal justice reform</a> is one of the top issues that NFL players have been supporting in their protests.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> Kaepernick was initially moved to protest by the deaths of African-Americans at the hands of police or while in police custody. These deaths gained prominence through the media and the <a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter">Black Lives Matter</a> movement in the years immediately preceding the protest.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> During a post-game interview on August 26, 2016, he stated, "I am not going to stand up to show pride in a flag for a country that oppresses <a href="/wiki/Black_people" title="Black people">black people</a> and <a href="/wiki/People_of_color" class="mw-redirect" title="People of color">people of color</a>. To me, this is bigger than football and it would be selfish on my part to look the other way. There are bodies in the street and people getting paid leave and getting away with murder", adding that he would continue to protest during the anthem until he feels like "[the United States flag] represents what it's supposed to represent."<a href="#cite_note-wyche-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> After that interview, Kaepernick pledged to donate the first $1 million of his $11.9 million salary from the 2016–2017 season to different organizations that help communities in need.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> He pledged to donate $100,000 per month for 10 months to various organizations.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> Days later, the San Francisco 49ers matched Kaepernick by pledging $1 million to two organizations addressing racial and social inequality.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> Kaepernick has been following through on his commitment and has donated $900,000 (~$1.1 million in 2023) as of September 2017 to groups including <a href="/wiki/Meals_on_Wheels" title="Meals on Wheels">Meals on Wheels</a>, United We Dream, Black Veterans for Social Justice and many others.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> Kaepernick has also held "Know Your Rights" camps for young <a href="/wiki/People_of_color" class="mw-redirect" title="People of color">people of color</a>.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> The camps include legal education from attorneys that give advice on how to interact with police when being detained and lectures from prominent academics on the history of the <a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil Rights Movement">Civil Rights Movement</a> in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> The <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League_Players_Association" title="National Football League Players Association">National Football League Players Association</a> (NFLPA) named Kaepernick the Week One MVP in September 2017 for his charity work related to the protest.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> Kaepernick also joined the 10 for 10 challenge, which basically consists of donating ten thousand dollars for ten consecutive days. Some major celebrities that matched Kaepernick's donations include basketball players <a href="/wiki/Steph_Curry" class="mw-redirect" title="Steph Curry">Steph Curry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Durant" title="Kevin Durant">Kevin Durant</a>, tennis player <a href="/wiki/Serena_Williams" title="Serena Williams">Serena Williams</a>, singer <a href="/wiki/Usher_(musician)" title="Usher (musician)">Usher</a>, and rappers <a href="/wiki/Snoop_Dogg" title="Snoop Dogg">Snoop Dogg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Meek_Mill" title="Meek Mill">Meek Mill</a>.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trump_calls_for_firing_protesting_players">Trump calls for firing protesting players</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._national_anthem_kneeling_protests&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Trump calls for firing protesting players">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Protests_against_Donald_Trump" title="Protests against Donald Trump">Protests against Donald Trump</a> and <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_American_football" title="Donald Trump and American football">Donald Trump and American football</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_with_jersey,_helmet_and_football_of_New_England_Patriots.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Donald_Trump_with_jersey%2C_helmet_and_football_of_New_England_Patriots.jpg/220px-Donald_Trump_with_jersey%2C_helmet_and_football_of_New_England_Patriots.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Donald_Trump_with_jersey%2C_helmet_and_football_of_New_England_Patriots.jpg/330px-Donald_Trump_with_jersey%2C_helmet_and_football_of_New_England_Patriots.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Donald_Trump_with_jersey%2C_helmet_and_football_of_New_England_Patriots.jpg/440px-Donald_Trump_with_jersey%2C_helmet_and_football_of_New_England_Patriots.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>President Trump meeting with the players and staff of <a href="/wiki/New_England_Patriots" title="New England Patriots">New England Patriots</a> at the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> on April 19, 2017, following their <a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl_LI" title="Super Bowl LI">Super Bowl LI</a> win over the <a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Falcons" title="Atlanta Falcons">Atlanta Falcons</a></figcaption></figure> In September 2017 at a rally in <a href="/wiki/Huntsville,_Alabama" title="Huntsville, Alabama">Huntsville, Alabama</a>, President Trump said NFL owners should fire players who kneel during the national anthem and encouraged fans to walk out. Trump stated he would love to see NFL owners say, "get that son of a bitch off the field right now, out, he's fired. He's fired!"<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> He called the players' protest "a total disrespect of our heritage".<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> Trump added on that the new NFL safety rules created to protect players from <a href="/wiki/Concussions_in_American_football" title="Concussions in American football">concussions</a> were ruining the game for the public.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> His statement came after a new research indicated that NFL players are at high risk for <a href="/wiki/Chronic_traumatic_encephalopathy" title="Chronic traumatic encephalopathy">chronic traumatic encephalopathy</a> (CTE) due to the likelihood of multiple head injuries.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> Trump said his criticism of the protesters was not related to race. "This has to do with respect for our country and respect for our flag," he said.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> In the games immediately following Trump's statements, the protest gained broader participation when over 200 players sat or knelt during the anthem, others linked arms with their teammates or raised fists, and three teams chose to stay in the locker room for the anthem.<a href="#cite_note-:3-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-SB-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-:4-51">[51]</a> However, the response quickly turned into one towards Trump, rather than Kaepernick's original protests of racial injustice, which took away largely from Kaepernick's original message.<a href="#cite_note-:4-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-latimes.com-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> Reasons cited by players, owners, and coaches included supporting freedom of speech and opposing what they considered intimidation by Trump.<a href="#cite_note-:4-51">[51]</a> Others said they took offense to Trump demeaning the integrity of their primarily African American colleagues, when a month earlier he had hesitated to condemn the <a href="/wiki/White_nationalists" class="mw-redirect" title="White nationalists">white nationalists</a> who <a href="/wiki/Unite_the_Right_rally" title="Unite the Right rally">protested in Charlottesville, Virginia</a>, and murdered a counter protester.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> The reaction to Trump's remarks were amidst other ongoing issues his administration was facing, including failed <a href="/wiki/American_Health_Care_Act_of_2017" title="American Health Care Act of 2017">attempts at healthcare reform</a>, the primary election loss of Trump-backed candidate <a href="/wiki/Luther_Strange" title="Luther Strange">Luther Strange</a> for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_special_election_in_Alabama,_2017" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate special election in Alabama, 2017">Alabama seat in the U.S. Senate</a>, recovery efforts for <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Maria" title="Hurricane Maria">Hurricane Maria</a> in Puerto Rico, <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Irma" title="Hurricane Irma">Hurricane Irma</a> in Florida, and <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Harvey" title="Hurricane Harvey">Hurricane Harvey</a> in <a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a>, and <a href="/wiki/North_Korea%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="North Korea–United States relations">relations with North Korea</a> over their <a href="/wiki/2017_North_Korean_nuclear_test" title="2017 North Korean nuclear test">nuclear</a> and <a href="/wiki/2017_North_Korean_missile_tests" title="2017 North Korean missile tests">missile testing</a>.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> Many players beyond the 2017 season have knelt or raised fists in protest against Trump's policies.<a href="#cite_note-:4-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-latimes.com-52">[52]</a> Other Republicans such as Florida senator <a href="/wiki/Marco_Rubio" title="Marco Rubio">Marco Rubio</a> also expressed their discomforts against these policies as well. While Rubio's objections were not aimed directly at President Trump, he did support the rights of players of kneeling during the national anthem, especially <a href="/wiki/Miami_Dolphins" title="Miami Dolphins">Miami Dolphins</a> player <a href="/wiki/Kenny_Stills" title="Kenny Stills">Kenny Stills</a>. He tweeted, "No @NFL player does more community service than @KStills of the @MiamiDolphins. You don't have to agree with how or why he has chosen to exercise the 1st Amendment before every game to acknowledge the hours he gives voluntarily, on his day off, to serve his fellow Americans."<a href="#cite_note-Deen-57">[57]</a> Rubio has also expressed his feeling about Kaepernick, and while he publicly stated that he does not agree with what Kaepernick does (taking a knee during the national anthem), he does support his rights that allows him to do so and he believes that the NFL should not prohibit him from playing in the league again.<a href="#cite_note-Deen-57">[57]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="NFL_protests">NFL protests</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._national_anthem_kneeling_protests&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: NFL protests">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2016_preseason">2016 preseason</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._national_anthem_kneeling_protests&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 2016 preseason">edit</a>]</div> Kaepernick began sitting during the national anthem at the start of the 2016 NFL preseason. His actions went unnoticed for two weeks before he was questioned by the media.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> In the 49ers' final 2016 preseason game on September 1, 2016, after talking to Boyer, Kaepernick opted to kneel during the U.S. national anthem rather than sit as he did in their previous games. He explained his decision to switch was an attempt to show more respect to former and current U.S. military members while still protesting during the anthem. <a href="/wiki/Eric_Reid" title="Eric Reid">Eric Reid</a> joined Kaepernick in kneeling during the national anthem during the final preseason game.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> <a href="/wiki/Seattle_Seahawks" title="Seattle Seahawks">Seattle Seahawks</a> player <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Lane" title="Jeremy Lane">Jeremy Lane</a> also did not stand for the anthem during his final preseason game the same day, stating, "It's something I plan to keep on doing until justice is being served."<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2016_season">2016 season</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._national_anthem_kneeling_protests&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 2016 season">edit</a>]</div> In Week 1, eleven NFL players joined Kaepernick's protests.<a href="#cite_note-breech-61">[61]</a> <a href="/wiki/Denver_Broncos" title="Denver Broncos">Denver Broncos</a> player <a href="/wiki/Brandon_Marshall_(linebacker)" title="Brandon Marshall (linebacker)">Brandon Marshall</a> knelt during the national anthem prior to the start of the <a href="/wiki/NFL_Kickoff_Game" title="NFL Kickoff Game">Kickoff game</a>, which was broadcast on <a href="/wiki/NBC_Sunday_Night_Football" title="NBC Sunday Night Football">NBC</a>.<a href="#cite_note-money-62">[62]</a> The act of kneeling as protest has been referred to as "taking a knee".<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> Kaepernick and Marshall were teammates at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Nevada" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Nevada">University of Nevada</a>.<a href="#cite_note-money-62">[62]</a> Kaepernick and Marshall were by no means the first pro football players to be seen kneeling on the field. Beginning in 2011, the Denver Broncos' then-quarterback <a href="/wiki/Tim_Tebow" title="Tim Tebow">Tim Tebow</a> was seen kneeling on the sidelines, as if in prayer, often enough to inspire the <a href="/wiki/Neologism" title="Neologism">neologism</a> "Tebowing". Tebow was awarded a trademark for that term in 2012.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> (Tebow's actions were not considered controversial at the time.) On September 11, <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_Chiefs" title="Kansas City Chiefs">Kansas City Chiefs</a> cornerback <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Peters" title="Marcus Peters">Marcus Peters</a> <a href="/wiki/Raised_fist" title="Raised fist">raised his fist</a> while the rest of the team interlocked their arms showing <a href="/wiki/Solidarity" title="Solidarity">solidarity</a>.<a href="#cite_note-time-67">[67]</a> Two members of the <a href="/wiki/New_England_Patriots" title="New England Patriots">New England Patriots</a>, <a href="/wiki/Devin_McCourty" title="Devin McCourty">Devin McCourty</a> and <a href="/wiki/Martellus_Bennett" title="Martellus Bennett">Martellus Bennett</a>, raised their fists on <a href="/wiki/NBC_Sunday_Night_Football" title="NBC Sunday Night Football">Sunday Night Football</a>. The entire Seattle Seahawks team stood and interlocked arms.<a href="#cite_note-arnold-68">[68]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jelani_Jenkins" title="Jelani Jenkins">Jelani Jenkins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arian_Foster" title="Arian Foster">Arian Foster</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kenny_Stills" title="Kenny Stills">Kenny Stills</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Thomas_(defensive_back)" title="Michael Thomas (defensive back)">Michael Thomas</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Miami_Dolphins" title="Miami Dolphins">Miami Dolphins</a> all knelt during the National Anthem.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> At the same time, a group of <a href="/wiki/Jacksonville_Jaguars" title="Jacksonville Jaguars">Jacksonville Jaguars</a> players, led by cornerback <a href="/wiki/Prince_Amukamara" title="Prince Amukamara">Prince Amukamara</a>, initially planned to join the protest but chose not to do so after photographs of Kaepernick wearing socks with a crude anti-police message during training camp were made public.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> On November 13, 2016, five days after Donald Trump was <a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">elected</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tampa_Bay_Buccaneers" title="Tampa Bay Buccaneers">Tampa Bay Buccaneers</a> wide-receiver <a href="/wiki/Mike_Evans_(wide_receiver)" title="Mike Evans (wide receiver)">Mike Evans</a> decided to sit during the national anthem. According to <a href="/wiki/Sports_Illustrated" title="Sports Illustrated">Sports Illustrated</a>, Evans said, "If this happens, then America's not right right now. I said this a long time ago. When he ran, I thought it was a joke, and the joke continues. I'm not a political person that much, but I got common sense. And I know when something's not right."<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> However, his protest began the day following <a href="/wiki/Veterans_Day" title="Veterans Day">Veterans Day</a>, so he received criticism. He quickly changed his method of protesting and joined his teammates during the following game against the Kansas City Chiefs. He apologized to veterans and other members of the military for his actions – citing that the timing of his protest was poor. "On the field, I'm going to continue to do what I do – play hard. I'm playing hard because I've got this right – freedom, because of the vets. I'm going to reach out to organizations, organizations that I feel are doing the best job to help the minority ... women, LGBT, African Americans, Latinos, people that are in fear of Donald Trump and his presidency."<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2017_season">2017 season</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._national_anthem_kneeling_protests&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 2017 season">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Browns" title="Cleveland Browns">Cleveland Browns</a> tight end <a href="/wiki/Seth_DeValve" title="Seth DeValve">Seth DeValve</a> became the first white football player to kneel or sit during the anthem on the team's August 21, 2017, preseason game against the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Giants" title="New York Giants">New York Giants</a>.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Washington_Redskins_National_Anthem_Kneeling_(37301887651)_(cropped)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Washington_Redskins_National_Anthem_Kneeling_%2837301887651%29_%28cropped%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Washington_Redskins_National_Anthem_Kneeling_%2837301887651%29_%28cropped%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Washington_Redskins_National_Anthem_Kneeling_%2837301887651%29_%28cropped%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Washington_Redskins_National_Anthem_Kneeling_%2837301887651%29_%28cropped%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Washington_Redskins_National_Anthem_Kneeling_%2837301887651%29_%28cropped%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Washington_Redskins_National_Anthem_Kneeling_%2837301887651%29_%28cropped%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="805" data-file-height="966" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Washington_Redskins" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Redskins">Washington Redskins</a> players kneeling before the game with the Oakland Raiders</figcaption></figure> In Week 3 of the season the majority of games were played two days after Trump made his statements.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> The protest gained broader participation when over 200 players sat or knelt during the anthem.<a href="#cite_note-:1-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-SB-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-:3-50">[50]</a> Many players, coaches and NFL teams protested and/or issued statements expressing dismay with Trump's comments:<a href="#cite_note-ESPN.com-75">[75]</a> <ul><li>Twenty-seven members of the <a href="/wiki/Baltimore_Ravens" title="Baltimore Ravens">Baltimore Ravens</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jacksonville_Jaguars" title="Jacksonville Jaguars">Jacksonville Jaguars</a> knelt during the American national anthem at their game at <a href="/wiki/Wembley_Stadium" title="Wembley Stadium">Wembley Stadium</a> in London.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> Retired Ravens star and honorary Team Captain <a href="/wiki/Ray_Lewis" title="Ray Lewis">Ray Lewis</a> knelt with members of his team.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> All of the players stood for the British national anthem "<a href="/wiki/God_Save_the_Queen" class="mw-redirect" title="God Save the Queen">God Save the Queen</a>", with many remaining in locked arms.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a></li> <li>Several members of the <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Eagles" title="Philadelphia Eagles">Philadelphia Eagles</a> raised their fists during the anthem before their game against the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Giants" title="New York Giants">New York Giants</a>. Before the same game, various Giants players stood with arms locked while others knelt.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-79">[79]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Seattle_Seahawks" title="Seattle Seahawks">Seattle Seahawks</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Titans" title="Tennessee Titans">Tennessee Titans</a> did not take the field during the playing of the anthem, staying in their locker rooms until it concluded. The players of the Seahawks released a statement saying, "We will not stand for the injustice that has plagued people of color in this country. Out of love for our country and in honor of the sacrifices made on our behalf, we unite to oppose those that would deny our most basic freedoms."<a href="#cite_note-ESPN.com-75">[75]</a> <a href="/wiki/Meghan_Linsey" title="Meghan Linsey">Meghan Linsey</a>, the Nashville singer who performed the anthem, knelt when she completed the song.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a></li> <li>Before the opening of their game against the <a href="/wiki/Houston_Texans" title="Houston Texans">Houston Texans</a>, various <a href="/wiki/New_England_Patriots" title="New England Patriots">New England Patriots</a> players and staff also expressed their concerns, including quarterback <a href="/wiki/Tom_Brady" title="Tom Brady">Tom Brady</a> locking arms with <a href="/wiki/Phillip_Dorsett" title="Phillip Dorsett">Phillip Dorsett</a>, and head coach <a href="/wiki/Bill_Belichick" title="Bill Belichick">Bill Belichick</a> crossing his arms in front of him. Sixteen members of the Patriots knelt during the anthem.<a href="#cite_note-:0-81">[81]</a> Patriots owner <a href="/wiki/Robert_Kraft" title="Robert Kraft">Robert Kraft</a> said he was disappointed at the tone in which Trump's comments were made.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-79">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-LAT_2019-02-01-82">[82]</a></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:San_Francisco_49ers_National_Anthem_Kneeling_(37721041581).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/San_Francisco_49ers_National_Anthem_Kneeling_%2837721041581%29.jpg/260px-San_Francisco_49ers_National_Anthem_Kneeling_%2837721041581%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/San_Francisco_49ers_National_Anthem_Kneeling_%2837721041581%29.jpg/390px-San_Francisco_49ers_National_Anthem_Kneeling_%2837721041581%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/San_Francisco_49ers_National_Anthem_Kneeling_%2837721041581%29.jpg/520px-San_Francisco_49ers_National_Anthem_Kneeling_%2837721041581%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2668" data-file-height="1945" /></a><figcaption>Members of the San Francisco 49ers kneeling during the National Anthem before a game against the Washington Redskins in week 6</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Several members of the <a href="/wiki/Miami_Dolphins" title="Miami Dolphins">Miami Dolphins</a> wore "#IMWITHKAP" T-shirts on the field during the pregame warmup, in support of Kaepernick's actions.<a href="#cite_note-:0-81">[81]</a> The team locked arms during the anthem, with five members kneeling. The opposing team, the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Jets" title="New York Jets">New York Jets</a>, also linked arms during the anthem.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a></li> <li>All <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Steelers" title="Pittsburgh Steelers">Pittsburgh Steelers</a> players except <a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Villanueva_(American_football)" title="Alejandro Villanueva (American football)">Alejandro Villanueva</a>, who served as an <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Rangers" title="United States Army Rangers">Army Ranger</a>, refused to leave the locker room during the anthem. On the sideline, the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Bears" title="Chicago Bears">Chicago Bears</a> players locked their arms while the anthem was performed.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> Villanueva has since expressed regret for his actions.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a></li> <li>The majority of the <a href="/wiki/Oakland_Raiders" title="Oakland Raiders">Oakland Raiders</a> either sat or knelt during the anthem, with several members of the opposing <a href="/wiki/Washington_Redskins" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Redskins">Washington Redskins</a> either kneeling or joining arms as well.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a></li> <li>Thirty-two members of the <a href="/wiki/Denver_Broncos" title="Denver Broncos">Denver Broncos</a> knelt during the anthem.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> At least ten members of the <a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Bills" title="Buffalo Bills">Buffalo Bills</a> also knelt during the anthem, while other team members locked arms.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> Running back <a href="/wiki/LeSean_McCoy" title="LeSean McCoy">LeSean McCoy</a> said "My message to him (Trump) is, be a president, be respectful, man. You know, us Americans, we are together. Stop trying to divide us."<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> McCoy performed stretches during the national anthem.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Dallas_Cowboys" title="Dallas Cowboys">Dallas Cowboys</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arizona_Cardinals" title="Arizona Cardinals">Arizona Cardinals</a> players locked arms during the anthem, while everyone on the Cowboys, including owner and general manager <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Jones" title="Jerry Jones">Jerry Jones</a>, knelt before the anthem was played.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans_Saints" title="New Orleans Saints">New Orleans Saints</a> established a plan with their team prior to their game against the <a href="/wiki/Miami_Dolphins" title="Miami Dolphins">Miami Dolphins</a> on how they will handle the national anthem before the game. <a href="/wiki/Drew_Brees" title="Drew Brees">Drew Brees</a> stated on Twitter prior to the game, "As a way to show respect to all, our #Saints team will kneel in solidarity prior to the national anthem & stand together during the anthem."<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a></li> <li>More than ten <a href="/wiki/Indianapolis_Colts" title="Indianapolis Colts">Indianapolis Colts</a> and about 20 <a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Browns" title="Cleveland Browns">Cleveland Browns</a> players knelt on one knee while the remaining players locked arms during the playing of "<a href="/wiki/The_Star-Spangled_Banner" title="The Star-Spangled Banner">The Star-Spangled Banner</a>" in <a href="/wiki/Indianapolis,_Indiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Indianapolis, Indiana">Indianapolis, Indiana</a>. The actions were met by some boos from the crowd at <a href="/wiki/Lucas_Oil_Stadium" title="Lucas Oil Stadium">Lucas Oil Stadium</a>.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> Indiana is the home state of Vice President <a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Mike Pence</a>, who weeks later intentionally walked out of a Colts game against the 49ers.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a></li></ul> On October 15, 2017, Colin Kaepernick filed a grievance for collusion against NFL owners. Instead of using the NFLPA, Kaepernick hired Mark Geragos to be his attorney.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> On February 15, 2019, the grievance was settled by mutual confidential agreement between the parties.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> In Week 8 at Seattle, the majority of the Texans players knelt during the anthem after Houston owner <a href="/wiki/Bob_McNair" title="Bob McNair">Bob McNair</a> had commented about having the "inmates running the prison" during a league owner meeting regarding the ongoing protest. McNair had apologized, stating that he was not referring to the players, but rather to the "relationship between the league office and team owners".<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> It was the first time a Texans player had knelt during the anthem.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2018_preseason">2018 preseason</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._national_anthem_kneeling_protests&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 2018 preseason">edit</a>]</div> On May 23, 2018, NFL Commissioner <a href="/wiki/Roger_Goodell" title="Roger Goodell">Roger Goodell</a> and all NFL team owners, except for two that abstained from voting in a show of hand voting process, approved a new policy that would require all players to stand during the national anthem or be given the option to stay in the locker room during the national anthem. The vote took place without consulting the NFLPA.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> The policy also stated that any players from all NFL teams who protested the anthem while on the field would become subject to discipline from the league. In addition, the teams as a whole would be subject to punishment and other forms of discipline from the NFL as a result.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> In disagreement with the policy, several players on the Super Bowl champions <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Eagles" title="Philadelphia Eagles">Philadelphia Eagles</a> indicated that they would decline an invitation from Trump to visit the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> on June 5, leading the President to rescind the offer the day before the event.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> The Eagles were the second sports franchise that Trump had uninvited, joining the 2017 <a href="/wiki/National_Basketball_Association" title="National Basketball Association">National Basketball Association</a> (NBA) champion <a href="/wiki/Golden_State_Warriors" title="Golden State Warriors">Golden State Warriors</a>, whose visit was cancelled after several players publicly declined to attend.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> On July 19, the NFL and the players association issued a joint statement that "no rules relating to the anthem will be issued for the next several weeks." This came after the <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a> had reported earlier in the day that Miami team rules stated that improper anthem conduct could result in a player suspension of up to four games, more than some players receive for violating the <a href="/wiki/NFL_domestic_violence_policy" class="mw-redirect" title="NFL domestic violence policy">league's domestic violence policy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> The following day, Trump tweeted that players should be suspended for one game the first time kneeling, and for the entire season without pay after a second offense.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2018_season">2018 season</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._national_anthem_kneeling_protests&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 2018 season">edit</a>]</div> On February 3, 2019, Maroon 5 headlined the <a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl_LIII_halftime_show" title="Super Bowl LIII halftime show">Super Bowl LIII halftime show</a> in <a href="/wiki/Atlanta,_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlanta, Georgia">Atlanta, Georgia</a>, at <a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_Stadium" title="Mercedes-Benz Stadium">Mercedes-Benz Stadium</a>, with American rappers <a href="/wiki/Big_Boi" title="Big Boi">Big Boi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Travis_Scott" title="Travis Scott">Travis Scott</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BB-20190203-107">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-MTV-20190203-108">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-People-20190203-109">[109]</a> The band's decision was controversial, because other musicians, including <a href="/wiki/Cardi_B" title="Cardi B">Cardi B</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rihanna" title="Rihanna">Rihanna</a>, refused to perform. The musicians who pulled out did so to show their support for <a href="/wiki/Colin_Kaepernick" title="Colin Kaepernick">Colin Kaepernick</a> and others who protested police brutality and racism by <a href="/wiki/Taking_the_knee" title="Taking the knee">kneeling during the U.S. national anthem</a> and faced repercussions by the NFL for doing so.<a href="#cite_note-BBC-20190114-110">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> The performance drew criticism from audiences and critics.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2019_season">2019 season</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._national_anthem_kneeling_protests&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 2019 season">edit</a>]</div> During the 2019 season, only three players continued to protest. <a href="/wiki/Eric_Reid" title="Eric Reid">Eric Reid</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Carolina_Panthers" title="Carolina Panthers">Carolina Panthers</a> continues to kneel and says he will continue to do so in the future. Reid is the first player on the Carolina Panthers to kneel during the playing of the national anthem.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kenny_Stills" title="Kenny Stills">Kenny Stills</a> who was traded to the <a href="/wiki/Houston_Texans" title="Houston Texans">Houston Texans</a> continue to kneel during the playing of the anthem.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> Stills says that he will continue to do so even if his job is threatened as a result.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> <a href="/wiki/Albert_Wilson_(American_football)" title="Albert Wilson (American football)">Albert Wilson</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Miami_Dolphins" title="Miami Dolphins">Miami Dolphins</a> continues to kneel during the playing of the national anthem.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2020_season">2020 season</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._national_anthem_kneeling_protests&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: 2020 season">edit</a>]</div> After the creation of a video featuring NFL players, among them incumbent <a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl_MVP" class="mw-redirect" title="Super Bowl MVP">Super Bowl MVP</a> <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Mahomes" title="Patrick Mahomes">Patrick Mahomes</a>, asking the league to address racial inequalities following the May <a href="/wiki/Murder_of_George_Floyd" title="Murder of George Floyd">murder of George Floyd</a>, commissioner Roger Goodell released a video of his own condemning racism and apologizing for the NFL's handling of previous protests.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> The league later announced plans to play "<a href="/wiki/Lift_Every_Voice_and_Sing" title="Lift Every Voice and Sing">Lift Every Voice and Sing</a>", also known as the Black national anthem, prior to "The Star-Spangled Banner" during Week 1 games.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> The season-opening game between the <a href="/wiki/Houston_Texans" title="Houston Texans">Houston Texans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_Chiefs" title="Kansas City Chiefs">Kansas City Chiefs</a> saw the Texans remaining in the locker room during both songs, while Kansas City had its players on the sidelines, almost all of them standing. <a href="/wiki/Alex_Okafor" title="Alex Okafor">Alex Okafor</a> was the only Chief to kneel and also raised his fist.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> The two teams later joined together at midfield for a moment of unity and silence, while social justice messages were displayed.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> Both the <a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Falcons" title="Atlanta Falcons">Atlanta Falcons</a> and <a href="/wiki/Seattle_Seahawks" title="Seattle Seahawks">Seattle Seahawks</a> stood with their arms linked. <a href="/wiki/Jamal_Adams" title="Jamal Adams">Jamal Adams</a> of the Seahawks raised his fist while others either knelt, sat or remained in the locker room.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> After the anthems, both teams knelt during a moment of silence.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Miami_Dolphins" title="Miami Dolphins">Miami Dolphins</a> remained in the locker room prior to playing the home team <a href="/wiki/New_England_Patriots" title="New England Patriots">New England Patriots</a> who were the only team to not protest in any manner.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> Both the <a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Bills" title="Buffalo Bills">Buffalo Bills</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_York_Jets" title="New York Jets">New York Jets</a> remained in the locker rooms until just before kickoff.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> Most of the <a href="/wiki/Baltimore_Ravens" title="Baltimore Ravens">Baltimore Ravens</a> either knelt or sat on the bench.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> On the other side, <a href="/wiki/Myles_Garrett" title="Myles Garrett">Myles Garrett</a>, <a href="/wiki/KhaDarel_Hodge" title="KhaDarel Hodge">KhaDarel Hodge</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ronnie_Harrison" title="Ronnie Harrison">Ronnie Harrison</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Browns" title="Cleveland Browns">Cleveland Browns</a> knelt.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bisi_Johnson" title="Bisi Johnson">Bisi Johnson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tajae_Sharpe" title="Tajae Sharpe">Tajae Sharpe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Mattison" title="Alexander Mattison">Alexander Mattison</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ameer_Abdullah" title="Ameer Abdullah">Ameer Abdullah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jalyn_Holmes" title="Jalyn Holmes">Jalyn Holmes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nate_Meadors" title="Nate Meadors">Nate Meadors</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Vikings" title="Minnesota Vikings">Minnesota Vikings</a> knelt. This was the first time that any member of the Vikings did so. The visiting <a href="/wiki/Green_Bay_Packers" title="Green Bay Packers">Green Bay Packers</a> remained in the locker room. The Vikings' <a href="/wiki/Gjallarhorn" title="Gjallarhorn">Gjallarhorn</a> was not blown to call attention to "silenced voices".<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> Eight players on the <a href="/wiki/Carolina_Panthers" title="Carolina Panthers">Carolina Panthers</a> including <a href="/wiki/Teddy_Bridgewater" title="Teddy Bridgewater">Teddy Bridgewater</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robby_Anderson" class="mw-redirect" title="Robby Anderson">Robby Anderson</a> knelt while others locked arms and raised fists. Anderson plans on protesting for the entire season.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> The visiting <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas_Raiders" title="Las Vegas Raiders">Las Vegas Raiders</a> linked arms. <a href="/wiki/Trent_Brown" title="Trent Brown">Trent Brown</a> stood on his own behind everyone else, but did not protest.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> <a href="/wiki/Washington_Football_Team" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Football Team">Washington Football Team</a> players knelt in unison during a moment of silence before standing during the Star-Spangled Banner. Several Football Team players raised their fists while the visiting <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Eagles" title="Philadelphia Eagles">Philadelphia Eagles</a> remained in the locker room.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Jacksonville_Jaguars" title="Jacksonville Jaguars">Jacksonville Jaguars</a> remained in the locker room while <a href="/wiki/Indianapolis_Colts" title="Indianapolis Colts">Indianapolis Colts</a> head coach <a href="/wiki/Frank_Reich" title="Frank Reich">Frank Reich</a> was the only person on the visiting sidelines to kneel.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> Multiple players on the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Bears" title="Chicago Bears">Chicago Bears</a> knelt while others raised their fists. At least 21 remained in the locker room.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> The home team <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Lions" title="Detroit Lions">Detroit Lions</a> did the same with players either kneeling or leaving the field.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> Both the <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_Bengals" title="Cincinnati Bengals">Cincinnati Bengals</a> and <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Chargers" title="Los Angeles Chargers">Los Angeles Chargers</a> stood with their arms linked. The Bengals are one of three teams to not have any kneeling players since the demonstrations began. The other two are Pittsburgh Steelers and Green Bay Packers. <a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jerick_McKinnon" title="Jerick McKinnon">Jerick McKinnon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richie_James" title="Richie James">Richie James</a> of the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_49ers" title="San Francisco 49ers">San Francisco 49ers</a> both sat on the bench while the visiting <a href="/wiki/Arizona_Cardinals" title="Arizona Cardinals">Arizona Cardinals</a> remained in the locker room.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Jenkins" title="Malcolm Jenkins">Malcolm Jenkins</a> was the only player on the <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans_Saints" title="New Orleans Saints">New Orleans Saints</a> that protested. He remained in the locker room until the coin toss. The visiting <a href="/wiki/Tampa_Bay_Buccaneers" title="Tampa Bay Buccaneers">Tampa Bay Buccaneers</a> linked arms.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> <a href="/wiki/Dontari_Poe" title="Dontari Poe">Dontari Poe</a> was the lone player on the <a href="/wiki/Dallas_Cowboys" title="Dallas Cowboys">Dallas Cowboys</a> that knelt making him the first Cowboy to do so. The hometown <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Rams" title="Los Angeles Rams">Los Angeles Rams</a> saw twelve players kneel before the <a href="/wiki/NBC_Sunday_Night_Football" title="NBC Sunday Night Football">Sunday Night Football</a> game.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> Over twenty players on the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Giants" title="New York Giants">New York Giants</a> either knelt or raised their fists. The visiting <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Steelers" title="Pittsburgh Steelers">Pittsburgh Steelers</a> stood with linked arms hoisting an anti-racism sign while some raised their fists.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> Every <a href="/wiki/Denver_Broncos" title="Denver Broncos">Denver Broncos</a> player knelt or raised their fists during the anthem, as well as all <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Titans" title="Tennessee Titans">Tennessee Titans</a> players, except <a href="/wiki/Derrick_Henry" title="Derrick Henry">Derrick Henry</a>.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> On September 17, 2020, the Cincinnati Bengals and Cleveland Browns stood together with arms linked. None of the Browns players from the previous game knelt.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_athletes_join">Other athletes join</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._national_anthem_kneeling_protests&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Other athletes join">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Soccer">Soccer</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._national_anthem_kneeling_protests&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Soccer">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Megan_Rapinoe_USA_vs_Can_Sep17.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Megan_Rapinoe_USA_vs_Can_Sep17.jpg/170px-Megan_Rapinoe_USA_vs_Can_Sep17.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Megan_Rapinoe_USA_vs_Can_Sep17.jpg/255px-Megan_Rapinoe_USA_vs_Can_Sep17.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Megan_Rapinoe_USA_vs_Can_Sep17.jpg/340px-Megan_Rapinoe_USA_vs_Can_Sep17.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1098" data-file-height="1904" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Megan_Rapinoe" title="Megan Rapinoe">Megan Rapinoe</a> in 2011</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FC_Krasnodar_vs_Chelsea_kneeling_against_racism_2020-10-31_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/FC_Krasnodar_vs_Chelsea_kneeling_against_racism_2020-10-31_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-FC_Krasnodar_vs_Chelsea_kneeling_against_racism_2020-10-31_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/FC_Krasnodar_vs_Chelsea_kneeling_against_racism_2020-10-31_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-FC_Krasnodar_vs_Chelsea_kneeling_against_racism_2020-10-31_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/FC_Krasnodar_vs_Chelsea_kneeling_against_racism_2020-10-31_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-FC_Krasnodar_vs_Chelsea_kneeling_against_racism_2020-10-31_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="704" data-file-height="469" /></a><figcaption>Players taking the knee at the opening whistle of a <a href="/wiki/UEFA_Champions_League" title="UEFA Champions League">UEFA Champions League</a> match between <a href="/wiki/FC_Krasnodar" title="FC Krasnodar">FC Krasnodar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chelsea_F.C." title="Chelsea F.C.">Chelsea</a> in October 2020</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Seattle_Reign_FC" title="Seattle Reign FC">Seattle Reign FC</a> and <a href="/wiki/U.S._women%27s_national_soccer_team" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. women's national soccer team">U.S. women's national soccer team</a> (NWSL) player <a href="/wiki/Megan_Rapinoe" title="Megan Rapinoe">Megan Rapinoe</a> knelt during the national anthem in a game on September 5, 2016, explaining that her decision was a "nod to Kaepernick and everything that he's standing for right now".<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> In a subsequent match at the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Spirit" title="Washington Spirit">Washington Spirit</a>, Spirit owner Bill Lynch – anticipating Rapinoe's protest – moved the national anthem's performance without warning or notice to occur before the players' appearances on the pitch. <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Plush" title="Jeff Plush">Jeff Plush</a>, the league's commissioner, was present at the game and told reporters that he was unaware of Lynch's plans and disagreed with the act of moving the anthem's performance.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> The Spirit's players issued a joint statement also disagreeing with Lynch's decision to move the anthem without first consulting the team's players or coaches.<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> As a member of the U.S. women's national soccer team, Rapinoe also knelt before an international <a href="/wiki/Friendly_match" class="mw-redirect" title="Friendly match">friendly match</a> against <a href="/wiki/Thailand_women%27s_national_football_team" title="Thailand women's national football team">Thailand</a> on September 16, despite public statements of disagreement with her protest methods issued before the match by the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Soccer_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Soccer Federation">U.S. Soccer Federation</a> and her coach <a href="/wiki/Jill_Ellis" title="Jill Ellis">Jill Ellis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> U.S. Soccer proceeded to pass a policy that required all of its players to stand "respectfully" during the national anthem, making it the first American sports league or governing body to do so.<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Soccer" title="Major League Soccer">Major League Soccer</a> (MLS) released a statement in September 2017 regarding any potential protests. It said "The march of players, officials and children into our stadiums and singing of the anthem has been a pre-match tradition since our first game in 1996. The National Anthem provides our clubs and fans an important and time-honored opportunity to salute our country and stand up for its principles -- whether in the United States or in Canada."<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-146">[146]</a> MLS to date, has yet to encounter national anthem protests. The protest had supporters outside the U.S. as well. In an October 2017 match against <a href="/wiki/Schalke_04" class="mw-redirect" title="Schalke 04">Schalke 04</a>, players and staff of German soccer club <a href="/wiki/Hertha_Berlin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hertha Berlin">Hertha Berlin</a> took the knee in solidarity.<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> Hertha Berlin has several American players on their roster. After the <a href="/wiki/Murder_of_George_Floyd" title="Murder of George Floyd">murder of George Floyd</a> in May 2020, French player <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Thuram" title="Marcus Thuram">Marcus Thuram</a> took a knee after scoring for <a href="/wiki/Borussia_M%C3%B6nchengladbach" title="Borussia Mönchengladbach">Borussia Mönchengladbach</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Bundesliga" title="Bundesliga">Bundesliga</a> match against <a href="/wiki/1._FC_Union_Berlin" title="1. FC Union Berlin">1. FC Union Berlin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> The initial reaction of the <a href="/wiki/German_Football_Association" title="German Football Association">DFB</a>, the governing body for soccer in Germany, was to announce an investigation into on-field protests. The investigation was rapidly dropped after <a href="/wiki/Gianni_Infantino" title="Gianni Infantino">Gianni Infantino</a>, president of <a href="/wiki/FIFA" title="FIFA">FIFA</a>, the world governing body, publicly stated that such protests are worthy of applause not punishment.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> On June 1, 2020, <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_F.C." title="Liverpool F.C.">Liverpool F.C.</a> posted a picture of its first team squad taking a knee on its social media accounts with the caption "Unity is strength #BlackLivesMatter".<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Football_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Football Association">FA</a>, the governing body in England, announced that it would take "a commonsense approach" if Premier League players took a knee in protest at the murder of George Floyd.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> On June 16, 2020, <a href="/wiki/Aston_Villa" class="mw-redirect" title="Aston Villa">Aston Villa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sheffield_United" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheffield United">Sheffield United</a> contested the first English soccer fixture in 100 days, following the COVID-19 lockdown. After the referee blew his whistle for kick-off, all the players and the coaching staffs took the knee.<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> The protests inspired a vote of the U.S. Soccer board to repeal the ban on kneeling during the national anthem, and the new president of the federation personally apologized to Megan Rapinoe. The policy is expected to technically remain in force until voted on at the 2021 general meeting of the national council.<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> In the opening game of the 2020 NWSL Challenge Cup, all 22 starters from the Portland Thorns and North Carolina Courage knelt during the national anthem.<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> A moment of silence was held prior to the opening game and players and staff wore Black Lives Matter shirts. Similar protests have continued throughout the Challenge Cup, with all players wearing Black Lives Matter shirts and many players kneeling. During the <a href="/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2020" title="UEFA Euro 2020">UEFA Euro 2020</a> many national teams have agreed to take the knee before kickoff; UEFA has supported the display.<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="College">College</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._national_anthem_kneeling_protests&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: College">edit</a>]</div> On September 7, 2016, three volleyball players from <a href="/wiki/West_Virginia_Tech" class="mw-redirect" title="West Virginia Tech">West Virginia Tech</a> knelt during the national anthem.<a href="#cite_note-kalea-158">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-gibbs-159">[159]</a> On October 1, at <a href="/wiki/East_Carolina_University" title="East Carolina University">East Carolina University</a>, about 19 members of the band knelt, while about another two held the American flag during the national anthem at the beginning of the football game against the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Central_Florida" title="University of Central Florida">University of Central Florida</a>.<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> There have been almost no such incidents involving college football players, for the simple reason that college players and coaches are typically in the locker room when the anthem is played. There has been at least one exception to the rule, however. During a September 2016 away game at <a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Wildcats_football" title="Northwestern Wildcats football">Northwestern</a>, where players are traditionally on the field during the anthem, three <a href="/wiki/Nebraska_Cornhuskers_football" title="Nebraska Cornhuskers football">Nebraska</a> players knelt on the sideline.<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> The NCAA football rulebook does not address the issue of pregame ceremonies (patriotic or otherwise) at all, except to say that team captains must be present for a <a href="/wiki/Coin_toss" class="mw-redirect" title="Coin toss">coin toss</a> three minutes before the first-half kickoff. <a href="/wiki/College_of_the_Ozarks" title="College of the Ozarks">College of the Ozarks</a> president Jerry Davis announced in September 2017 that his college's teams would <a href="/wiki/Forfeit_(sport)" title="Forfeit (sport)">refuse to play</a> any team whose players knelt during the anthem.<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> In response, the <a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Intercollegiate_Athletics" title="National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics">NAIA</a> chose to move its <a href="/wiki/NAIA_Men%27s_Basketball_Championships#Division_II" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Men's Basketball Championships">Division II men's basketball champion game</a> away from College of the Ozarks' <a href="/wiki/Keeter_Gymnasium" title="Keeter Gymnasium">Keeter Gymnasium</a> (where the championship game had been held since 2000) to <a href="/wiki/Sanford_Pentagon" title="Sanford Pentagon">Sanford Pentagon</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sioux_Falls" class="mw-redirect" title="Sioux Falls">Sioux Falls</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">South Dakota</a>.<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> On February 23, 2019, eight players of the <a href="/wiki/Ole_Miss_Rebels_men%27s_basketball" title="Ole Miss Rebels men's basketball">Ole Miss men's basketball</a> team took a knee during the national anthem at their home-game against <a href="/wiki/University_of_Georgia" title="University of Georgia">Georgia</a>. The players took a knee to protest the pro-confederate rally that was happening on campus at the time.<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> The players previously stood during the national anthem, with this being the first time they took the knee. The athletes were upset by a video posted online by the rally organizers a few days prior.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The protest reached national attention and received negative backlash. However, the athletes received public support from University officials.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] On September 24, 2016, Michigan football players Jordan Lewis and Khalid Hill raised their right arms in the air in support of the Anthem Protests.<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="High_school">High school</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._national_anthem_kneeling_protests&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: High school">edit</a>]</div> On September 2, 2016, a football player at <a href="/wiki/Brunswick_High_School_(Ohio)" title="Brunswick High School (Ohio)">Brunswick High School</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a> knelt during the national anthem after he heard his teammates saying "<a href="/wiki/Nigger" title="Nigger">nigger</a>".<a href="#cite_note-gibbs-159">[159]</a> After his protest, the player received racial threats.<a href="#cite_note-fox-167">[167]</a> On September 9, high school players across the country knelt during the national anthem. On September 23, four players from <a href="/wiki/Withrow_High_School" title="Withrow High School">Withrow High School</a>, three black and one white, in <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">Cincinnati</a> knelt during the national anthem before their football game.<a href="#cite_note-gibbs-159">[159]</a> In September 2017, Principal Waylon Bates of <a href="/wiki/Parkway_High_School_(Louisiana)" title="Parkway High School (Louisiana)">Parkway High School</a> in <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a> referred to the national anthem protests as a "disruption" and threatened to kick any player out of the football team if he knelt during the national anthem.<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> Two black students on the Victory & Praise Christian Academy football team protested during the anthem. Immediately after the anthem concluded, their coach removed them from the team, having them take off their uniforms on the <a href="/wiki/Sidelines" class="mw-redirect" title="Sidelines">sidelines</a>.<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> In December 2017, Ninth Circuit Court for the Southern District of California ruled in favor of high school players, and stated that no high school football player can be forced to stand during the national anthem or cannot be forced out of the team by refusing to do so.<a href="#cite_note-Stratmoen_204–213-170">[170]</a> The basis for such ruling is that "loss of First Amendment freedoms unquestionably constitutes irreparable harm and that the mandate issued by the district superintendent is a violation of the athlete's First Amendment rights."<a href="#cite_note-Stratmoen_204–213-170">[170]</a> In October 2018, the 32 players of the Christian Capital Academy football team as well as the coaching staff decided to take a knee during the national anthem. When asked about their reasons, the team collectively responded that they took a knee as a way to protest for the excessive use of police brutality against minorities, especially against African Americans.<a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a> The two players did not receive any punishment for their protest.<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Baseball">Baseball</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._national_anthem_kneeling_protests&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Baseball">edit</a>]</div> On September 23, 2017, <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Maxwell" title="Bruce Maxwell">Bruce Maxwell</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Oakland_Athletics" class="mw-redirect" title="Oakland Athletics">Oakland Athletics</a> knelt during the national anthem, becoming the first MLB player to join the protest. His team backed him up by saying, "The Oakland A's pride ourselves on being inclusive. We respect and support all of our players' constitutional rights and freedom of expression."<a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a> Maxwell received a standing ovation from A's fans before his first at-bat following his protest.<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2020_MLB_Preseason">2020 MLB Preseason</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._national_anthem_kneeling_protests&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: 2020 MLB Preseason">edit</a>]</div> On July 21, 2020, <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Giants" title="San Francisco Giants">San Francisco Giants</a> manager <a href="/wiki/Gabe_Kapler" title="Gabe Kapler">Gabe Kapler</a> took a knee over anger of how the United States is handling police brutality. Right Fielder <a href="/wiki/Jaylin_Davis" title="Jaylin Davis">Jaylin Davis</a> joined as well.<a href="#cite_note-auto2-176">[176]</a> <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Angels" title="Los Angeles Angels">Los Angeles Angels</a> reliever <a href="/wiki/Keynan_Middleton" title="Keynan Middleton">Keynan Middleton</a> knelt and raised his right fist during the national anthem on the same day.<a href="#cite_note-auto2-176">[176]</a> The following day, <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_Reds" title="Cincinnati Reds">Cincinnati Reds</a> players <a href="/wiki/Phillip_Ervin" title="Phillip Ervin">Phillip Ervin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joey_Votto" title="Joey Votto">Joey Votto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amir_Garrett" title="Amir Garrett">Amir Garrett</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alex_Blandino" title="Alex Blandino">Alex Blandino</a> all knelt.<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a> The Giants also continued their protest with <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Sandoval" title="Pablo Sandoval">Pablo Sandoval</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hunter_Pence" title="Hunter Pence">Hunter Pence</a> and several others joining in.<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2020_MLB_Season">2020 MLB Season</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._national_anthem_kneeling_protests&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: 2020 MLB Season">edit</a>]</div> Prior to each game on opening day, players knelt in unison while holding a black rope.<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a> Patches reading "United for Change" and <a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter">Black Lives Matter</a> are also on the sleeves of every player's <a href="/wiki/Baseball_uniform" title="Baseball uniform">baseball uniform</a>.<a href="#cite_note-auto3-180">[180]</a> The <a href="/wiki/New_York_Yankees" title="New York Yankees">New York Yankees</a> and <a href="/wiki/Washington_Nationals" title="Washington Nationals">Washington Nationals</a> both knelt during pregame demonstrations before standing during the anthem.<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mookie_Betts" title="Mookie Betts">Mookie Betts</a> was the lone member of the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Dodgers" title="Los Angeles Dodgers">Los Angeles Dodgers</a> to protest. <a href="/wiki/Max_Muncy" title="Max Muncy">Max Muncy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cody_Bellinger" title="Cody Bellinger">Cody Bellinger</a> stood next to Betts with their hands on his shoulders.<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> The same members of the San Francisco Giants that knelt during the preseason continued their protest. Of the Giants, pitcher <a href="/wiki/Sam_Coonrod" title="Sam Coonrod">Sam Coonrod</a> was the lone player that didn't kneel during pregame demonstrations. His reasoning was because of his faith and that he only feels that he can kneel for <a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a>. He also believes that the <a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter">Black Lives Matter</a> movement has <a href="/wiki/Marxist" class="mw-redirect" title="Marxist">Marxist</a> roots and is against the <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_family" title="Nuclear family">nuclear family</a>.<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a> Players on both the <a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Braves" title="Atlanta Braves">Atlanta Braves</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_York_Mets" title="New York Mets">New York Mets</a> wore shirts reading <a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter">Black Lives Matter</a> and "Love Your Neighbor" during pregame warmups. All players took part in pregame demonstrations before standing for the anthem.<a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a> <a href="/wiki/Niko_Goodrum" title="Niko Goodrum">Niko Goodrum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cameron_Maybin" title="Cameron Maybin">Cameron Maybin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jeimer_Candelario" title="Jeimer Candelario">Jeimer Candelario</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joe_Jim%C3%A9nez" title="Joe Jiménez">Joe Jiménez</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dave_Clark_(baseball)" title="Dave Clark (baseball)">Dave Clark</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Tigers" title="Detroit Tigers">Detroit Tigers</a> knelt during the national anthem prior to their game against the <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_Reds" title="Cincinnati Reds">Cincinnati Reds</a>.<a href="#cite_note-auto3-180">[180]</a> On the other side, <a href="/wiki/Amir_Garrett" title="Amir Garrett">Amir Garrett</a> and <a href="/wiki/Phillip_Ervin" title="Phillip Ervin">Phillip Ervin</a> continued to kneel. Garrett and Ervin are the only two African-American players on the Reds.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-185">[185]</a> <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Guerrero_Jr." title="Vladimir Guerrero Jr.">Vladimir Guerrero Jr.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cavan_Biggio" title="Cavan Biggio">Cavan Biggio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Alford" title="Anthony Alford">Anthony Alford</a> and <a href="/wiki/Santiago_Espinal" title="Santiago Espinal">Santiago Espinal</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Blue_Jays" title="Toronto Blue Jays">Toronto Blue Jays</a> knelt during the anthem prior to their game against the <a href="/wiki/Tampa_Bay_Rays" title="Tampa Bay Rays">Tampa Bay Rays</a>. Biggio explained that he did it to help other kneeling players who were afraid to do so.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-185">[185]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ozzie_Timmons" title="Ozzie Timmons">Ozzie Timmons</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rodney_Linares" title="Rodney Linares">Rodney Linares</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Tampa_Bay_Rays" title="Tampa Bay Rays">Tampa Bay Rays</a> both knelt as well.<a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a> The Rays <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a> account had called for the arrest of the police officers involved in the <a href="/wiki/Shooting_of_Breonna_Taylor" class="mw-redirect" title="Shooting of Breonna Taylor">shooting of Breonna Taylor</a> prior to the first game.<a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a> <a href="/wiki/Miami_Marlins" title="Miami Marlins">Miami Marlins</a> players wore <a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter">Black Lives Matter</a> shirts during warmups before their game against the <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Phillies" title="Philadelphia Phillies">Philadelphia Phillies</a>.<a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a> Both teams stood during both the pregame demonstration and national anthem.<a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a> Prior to their game against the <a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Indians" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleveland Indians">Cleveland Indians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_Royals" title="Kansas City Royals">Kansas City Royals</a> players wore <a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter">Black Lives Matter</a> shirts. During the national anthem, both teams stood with Indians players placing their left arms over each other's shoulders.<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Baltimore_Orioles" title="Baltimore Orioles">Baltimore Orioles</a> all walked onto the field wearing <a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter">Black Lives Matter</a> shirts. All of the Orioles stood while linking arms. On the other side, several members of the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Red_Sox" title="Boston Red Sox">Boston Red Sox</a> including <a href="/wiki/Jackie_Bradley_Jr." title="Jackie Bradley Jr.">Jackie Bradley Jr.</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alex_Verdugo" title="Alex Verdugo">Alex Verdugo</a> knelt.<a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a> <a href="/wiki/Matt_Kemp" title="Matt Kemp">Matt Kemp</a> was the only member of the <a href="/wiki/Colorado_Rockies" title="Colorado Rockies">Colorado Rockies</a> to kneel during the national anthem before their game against the <a href="/wiki/Texas_Rangers_(baseball)" title="Texas Rangers (baseball)">Texas Rangers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Twins" title="Minnesota Twins">Minnesota Twins</a> plan to play both the Star-Spangled Banner and <a href="/wiki/Lift_Every_Voice_and_Sing" title="Lift Every Voice and Sing">Lift Every Voice and Sing</a> before their home games as well as a moment of silence at 8:46 pm during their home opener.<a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a> Several Twins members knelt during the anthem before their game against the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_White_Sox" title="Chicago White Sox">Chicago White Sox</a>.<a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a> Six members of the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_White_Sox" title="Chicago White Sox">Chicago White Sox</a> knelt during the anthem.<a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jarrod_Dyson" title="Jarrod Dyson">Jarrod Dyson</a> was the sole <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Pirates" title="Pittsburgh Pirates">Pittsburgh Pirates</a> player to kneel.<a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tony_Kemp_(baseball)" title="Tony Kemp (baseball)">Tony Kemp</a> and <a href="/wiki/Khris_Davis" title="Khris Davis">Khris Davis</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Oakland_Athletics" class="mw-redirect" title="Oakland Athletics">Oakland Athletics</a> raised their right fists in the air but did not kneel.<a href="#cite_note-auto4-197">[197]</a> <a href="/wiki/Justin_Upton" title="Justin Upton">Justin Upton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brian_Goodwin_(baseball)" title="Brian Goodwin (baseball)">Brian Goodwin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrelton_Simmons" title="Andrelton Simmons">Andrelton Simmons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Keynan_Middleton" title="Keynan Middleton">Keynan Middleton</a> and <a href="/wiki/No%C3%A9_Ramirez_(baseball)" class="mw-redirect" title="Noé Ramirez (baseball)">Noe Ramirez</a> knelt during the anthem before playing the <a href="/wiki/Oakland_Athletics" class="mw-redirect" title="Oakland Athletics">Oakland Athletics</a>. Middleton also raised his fist while kneeling.<a href="#cite_note-auto4-197">[197]</a> <a href="/wiki/Seattle_Mariners" title="Seattle Mariners">Seattle Mariners</a> players <a href="/wiki/Kyle_Lewis" title="Kyle Lewis">Kyle Lewis</a>, <a href="/wiki/J._P._Crawford" title="J. P. Crawford">J. P. Crawford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shed_Long" class="mw-redirect" title="Shed Long">Shed Long</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mallex_Smith" title="Mallex Smith">Mallex Smith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dee_Gordon" class="mw-redirect" title="Dee Gordon">Dee Gordon</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Justus_Sheffield" title="Justus Sheffield">Justus Sheffield</a> raised their right fists.<a href="#cite_note-auto4-197">[197]</a> On July 25, 2020, <a href="/wiki/New_York_Yankees" title="New York Yankees">New York Yankees</a> players <a href="/wiki/Giancarlo_Stanton" title="Giancarlo Stanton">Giancarlo Stanton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Hicks" title="Aaron Hicks">Aaron Hicks</a> both knelt during the anthem becoming the first Yankees players to do so. <a href="/wiki/DJ_LeMahieu" title="DJ LeMahieu">DJ LeMahieu</a> tapped both players on the shoulder following the conclusion of the anthem in a show of solidarity.<a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="WNBA">WNBA</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._national_anthem_kneeling_protests&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: WNBA">edit</a>]</div> On September 24, 2017, prior to Game 1 of the <a href="/wiki/2017_WNBA_Finals" title="2017 WNBA Finals">2017 WNBA Finals</a>, players from the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Sparks" title="Los Angeles Sparks">Los Angeles Sparks</a> chose to stay in the locker room during the national anthem, while members of the <a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Lynx" title="Minnesota Lynx">Minnesota Lynx</a> locked arms on the court.<a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a> Both the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Liberty" title="New York Liberty">New York Liberty</a> and <a href="/wiki/Seattle_Storm" title="Seattle Storm">Seattle Storm</a> walked off the court during the Star-Spangled Banner during the 2020 season opener.<a href="#cite_note-auto-200">[200]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="NBA">NBA</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._national_anthem_kneeling_protests&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: NBA">edit</a>]</div> Players on the <a href="/wiki/Milwaukee_Bucks" title="Milwaukee Bucks">Milwaukee Bucks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Lakers" title="Los Angeles Lakers">Los Angeles Lakers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Raptors" title="Toronto Raptors">Toronto Raptors</a>, <a href="/wiki/Utah_Jazz" title="Utah Jazz">Utah Jazz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boston_Celtics" title="Boston Celtics">Boston Celtics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denver_Nuggets" title="Denver Nuggets">Denver Nuggets</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miami_Heat" title="Miami Heat">Miami Heat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Clippers" title="Los Angeles Clippers">Los Angeles Clippers</a> planned to kneel during the anthem when the 2020 NBA Season resumed, despite the NBA not allowing it.<a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a> The <a href="/wiki/NBA" class="mw-redirect" title="NBA">NBA</a> has a policy in their <a href="/wiki/NBA_Collective_Bargaining_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="NBA Collective Bargaining Agreement">CBA</a> that requires players to stand up during the national anthem, however many prominent players have expressed support for the NFL protests on social media or in interviews.<a href="#cite_note-202">[202]</a> However, in the wake of the <a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests" title="George Floyd protests">George Floyd protests</a>, NBA commissioner <a href="/wiki/Adam_Silver" title="Adam Silver">Adam Silver</a> reversed his stance, stating that he respects "teams' unified act of peaceful protest for social justice and under these unique circumstances will not enforce [the] long-standing rule requiring standing during the playing of our national anthem."<a href="#cite_note-203">[203]</a> Upon the resumption of the 2019–2020 season in the <a href="/wiki/NBA_Bubble" class="mw-redirect" title="NBA Bubble">NBA Bubble</a>, the entire ensemble of players, coaches, and referees in the first game knelt for an instrumental version of the National Anthem, which featured elements of <a href="/wiki/Rap_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Rap music">rap music</a>, pre-recorded by <a href="/wiki/Jon_Batiste" title="Jon Batiste">Jon Batiste</a>. This marked the first time that all players, coaches, and referees knelt for an event in one of the <a href="/wiki/Major_professional_sports_leagues_in_the_United_States_and_Canada#"Big_Four"_leagues" title="Major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada">Big Four</a> leagues in the US.<a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a> As games continue to be played, players, coaches, and referees continue to kneel. <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Isaac" title="Jonathan Isaac">Jonathan Isaac</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Orlando_Magic" title="Orlando Magic">Orlando Magic</a> has been one of the only NBA players to stand during the anthem, citing his faith as the reason why he did not kneel. <a href="/wiki/San_Antonio_Spurs" title="San Antonio Spurs">San Antonio Spurs</a> coaches <a href="/wiki/Gregg_Popovich" title="Gregg Popovich">Gregg Popovich</a>, an "outspoken supporter of Black Lives Matter", and <a href="/wiki/Becky_Hammon" title="Becky Hammon">Becky Hammon</a> also chose to stand for their own reasons.<a href="#cite_note-205">[205]</a><a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a> <a href="/wiki/Miami_Heat" title="Miami Heat">Miami Heat</a> player <a href="/wiki/Meyers_Leonard" title="Meyers Leonard">Meyers Leonard</a> also chose to stand with his hand over his heart. His reasoning came down to his support for the military.<a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a> On February 10, 2021, <a href="/wiki/Dallas_Mavericks" title="Dallas Mavericks">Dallas Mavericks</a> owner <a href="/wiki/Mark_Cuban" title="Mark Cuban">Mark Cuban</a> announced that he would not play the national anthem at home games stating that it was "too divisive". The NBA later stepped in and forced him to retract his statement, reinforcing their policy that all teams are required to play the national anthem in the future. The same day, the <a href="/wiki/Dallas_Stars" title="Dallas Stars">Dallas Stars</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Texas_Rangers_(baseball)" title="Texas Rangers (baseball)">Texas Rangers</a> affirmed that they would play the national anthem regardless of any backlash they would receive. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_Hockey_League">National Hockey League</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._national_anthem_kneeling_protests&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: National Hockey League">edit</a>]</div> On October 7, 2017, <a href="/wiki/J._T._Brown_(ice_hockey)" title="J. T. Brown (ice hockey)">J. T. Brown</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Tampa_Bay_Lightning" title="Tampa Bay Lightning">Tampa Bay Lightning</a> raised his fist while standing on the bench during the national anthem. He had also done the same in a preseason game, in an attempt to "bring awareness to police brutality against minorities and racial inequality".<a href="#cite_note-208">[208]</a> He stated that he had "received death threats" after the protest.<a href="#cite_note-thescore-209">[209]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Boston_Bruins" title="Boston Bruins">Boston Bruins</a> planned on linking arms during the playing of both the American and Canadian national anthems when the 2020 Stanley Cup Playoffs began.<a href="#cite_note-210">[210]</a> <a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Wild" title="Minnesota Wild">Minnesota Wild</a> player <a href="/wiki/Matt_Dumba" title="Matt Dumba">Matt Dumba</a> became the first NHL employee to kneel during the Star-Spangled Banner. He eventually stood during the playing of O Canada.<a href="#cite_note-211">[211]</a> Dumba regrets not kneeling for both anthems and plans to raise his fist instead of kneel for the rest of the playoffs.<a href="#cite_note-212">[212]</a> On August 3, 2020, <a href="/wiki/Ryan_Reaves" title="Ryan Reaves">Ryan Reaves</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robin_Lehner" title="Robin Lehner">Robin Lehner</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Vegas_Golden_Knights" title="Vegas Golden Knights">Vegas Golden Knights</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tyler_Seguin" title="Tyler Seguin">Tyler Seguin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jason_Dickinson" title="Jason Dickinson">Jason Dickinson</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Dallas_Stars" title="Dallas Stars">Dallas Stars</a> knelt during both the American and Canadian national anthems.<a href="#cite_note-213">[213]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pan_American_Games">Pan American Games</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._national_anthem_kneeling_protests&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Pan American Games">edit</a>]</div> At the <a href="/wiki/2019_Pan_American_Games" title="2019 Pan American Games">2019 Pan American Games</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lima" title="Lima">Lima</a>, Peru, team fencing gold medalist <a href="/wiki/Race_Imboden" title="Race Imboden">Race Imboden</a> knelt and women's hammer throw champion <a href="/wiki/Gwen_Berry" title="Gwen Berry">Gwen Berry</a> raised a fist on the awards stand during the American national anthem.<a href="#cite_note-214">[214]</a><a href="#cite_note-215">[215]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">Racism, gun control, mistreatment of immigrants, and a president who spreads hate are at the top of a long list. I chose to sacrifice my moment today at the top of the podium to call attention to issues that I believe need to be addressed. I encourage others to please use your platforms for empowerment and change.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Race Imboden</cite></div></blockquote> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">It's too important to not say something. Something has to be said. If nothing is said, nothing will be done, and nothing will be fixed, and nothing will be changed.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Gwen Berry</cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Role_of_Russian_bots_in_amplifying_controversy">Role of Russian bots in amplifying controversy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._national_anthem_kneeling_protests&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Role of Russian bots in amplifying controversy">edit</a>]</div> A <a href="/wiki/Clemson_University" title="Clemson University">Clemson University</a> research paper found that Russian bots played a role in amplifying the controversy over kneeling during the national anthem. Some 12,000 tweets linked to 491 accounts linked to Russia's <a href="/wiki/Internet_Research_Agency" title="Internet Research Agency">Internet Research Agency</a> were sent from the end of 2014 to mid-2018; those tweets peaked on September 22, 2017, after President Donald Trump's speech in <a href="/wiki/Huntsville,_Alabama" title="Huntsville, Alabama">Huntsville, Alabama</a>.<a href="#cite_note-216">[216]</a><a href="#cite_note-217">[217]</a> U.S. Senator <a href="/wiki/James_Lankford" title="James Lankford">James Lankford</a> of <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a> said <a href="/wiki/Trolls_from_Olgino" class="mw-redirect" title="Trolls from Olgino">Russian internet trolls</a>, seeking to polarize Americans, helped fuel online discord.<a href="#cite_note-218">[218]</a><a href="#cite_note-219">[219]</a><a href="#cite_note-220">[220]</a> During a Senate hearing, Lankford said: "We watched, even this weekend, the Russians and their troll farms, their internet folks, start hashtagging out #TakeAKnee and also hashtagging out #BoycottNFL. They were taking both sides of the argument this weekend ... to try to raise the noise level of America and make a big issue seem like an even bigger issue as they are trying to push divisiveness in this country."<a href="#cite_note-221">[221]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reactions">Reactions</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._national_anthem_kneeling_protests&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Reactions">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_figures">Political figures</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._national_anthem_kneeling_protests&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Political figures">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mike_Pence_NFL_Protests_2017.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Mike_Pence_NFL_Protests_2017.jpg/220px-Mike_Pence_NFL_Protests_2017.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Mike_Pence_NFL_Protests_2017.jpg/330px-Mike_Pence_NFL_Protests_2017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Mike_Pence_NFL_Protests_2017.jpg/440px-Mike_Pence_NFL_Protests_2017.jpg 2x" data-file-width="655" data-file-height="408" /></a><figcaption>Vice President Pence stands for anthem prior to leaving after players knelt</figcaption></figure> In September 2016, President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> stated that Kaepernick was "exercising his constitutional right" to protest. He went on: "I don't doubt his sincerity. I think he cares about some real, legitimate issues that have to be talked about. If nothing else, he's generated more conversation about issues that have to be talked about."<a href="#cite_note-222">[222]</a> <a href="/wiki/U.S._Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Supreme Court">Supreme Court</a> Justice <a href="/wiki/Ruth_Bader_Ginsburg" title="Ruth Bader Ginsburg">Ruth Bader Ginsburg</a> criticized the protest as "dumb and disrespectful", stating that athletes have the right to protest "if they want to be stupid". The Supreme Court later issued a statement from Ginsburg stating that her comments were "inappropriately dismissive and harsh. I should have declined to respond."<a href="#cite_note-223">[223]</a> On September 25, 2017, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Representative" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Representative">U.S. Representative</a> <a href="/wiki/Sheila_Jackson_Lee" title="Sheila Jackson Lee">Sheila Jackson Lee</a> knelt on the floor of the House of Representatives.<a href="#cite_note-224">[224]</a> Fellow congressman <a href="/wiki/Mark_Pocan" title="Mark Pocan">Mark Pocan</a> knelt on the floor of the House the next day.<a href="#cite_note-225">[225]</a> On September 26, 2017, Louisiana Lt. Gov. <a href="/wiki/Billy_Nungesser" title="Billy Nungesser">Billy Nungesser</a> told <a href="/wiki/The_Times-Picayune" class="mw-redirect" title="The Times-Picayune">The Times-Picayune</a> that he would not be attending the <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans_Saints" title="New Orleans Saints">New Orleans Saints</a> game against the <a href="/wiki/Miami_Dolphins" title="Miami Dolphins">Miami Dolphins</a>, which was going to be taking place in London. Although he was going to be in London during the time of the game, he told the newspaper that he would not attend because he was "disappointed in the NFL". He added that "it is disgraceful that anybody would use that as a time to protest".<a href="#cite_note-226">[226]</a> On October 8, 2017, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Vice_President" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Vice President">Vice President</a> <a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Mike Pence</a> left a game between the NFL's <a href="/wiki/Indianapolis_Colts" title="Indianapolis Colts">Indianapolis Colts</a> and the San Francisco 49ers, members of which had knelt during the anthem, "because President Trump and I will not dignify any event that disrespects our soldiers, our flag, or our national anthem".<a href="#cite_note-227">[227]</a> <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a> state representative <a href="/wiki/Sean_Roberts_(Oklahoma_politician)" title="Sean Roberts (Oklahoma politician)">Sean Roberts</a> warned the <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City_Thunder" title="Oklahoma City Thunder">Oklahoma City Thunder</a> that if they kneel, he will reexamine their tax benefits.<a href="#cite_note-228">[228]</a> "Taking a knee" became a wider social phenomenon beyond the sports field and outside of the United States, especially in the wake of actions related to the <a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter">Black Lives Matter</a> movement in 2020. Notably, the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Prime_Minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian Prime Minister">Canadian Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a>, took a knee in this context in June 2020.<a href="#cite_note-229">[229]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Corporations">Corporations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._national_anthem_kneeling_protests&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Corporations">edit</a>]</div> Major sports sponsors <a href="/wiki/Nike,_Inc." title="Nike, Inc.">Nike</a>, <a href="/wiki/Under_Armour" title="Under Armour">Under Armour</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford</a> all issued statements in support of athletes' freedom of expression after Trump's comments regarding the NFL. Nike's statement read, "Nike supports athletes and their right to freedom of expression on issues that are of great importance to our society."<a href="#cite_note-230">[230]</a> Nike's ad featuring Kaepernick read "Believe in something. Even if it means sacrificing everything."<a href="#cite_note-231">[231]</a> In September 2016, after <a href="/wiki/Brandon_Marshall_(linebacker)" title="Brandon Marshall (linebacker)">Brandon Marshall</a> knelt during the national anthem, <a href="/wiki/Century_Link" class="mw-redirect" title="Century Link">Century Link</a> and <a href="/wiki/Air_Academy_Federal_Credit_Union" title="Air Academy Federal Credit Union">Air Academy Federal Credit Union</a> dropped him as a paid sponsor.<a href="#cite_note-crab-232">[232]</a> Radio station <a href="/wiki/WFAY" title="WFAY">WFAY</a> dropped a broadcast of an <a href="/wiki/East_Carolina_University" title="East Carolina University">East Carolina University</a> football game on the station after the marching band took part in the protest, calling it an insult to the U.S. Armed Forces.<a href="#cite_note-233">[233]</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Schnatter" title="John Schnatter">John Schnatter</a> of sponsor <a href="/wiki/Papa_John%27s_Pizza" class="mw-redirect" title="Papa John's Pizza">Papa John's Pizza</a> blamed the protests for a drop in sales and a 24% fall in stock during 2017, saying that the "controversy is polarizing the customer, polarizing the country".<a href="#cite_note-234">[234]</a> Later that day, the company announced that the NFL shield or "official sponsor" designation on Papa John's commercials and advertising would be removed.<a href="#cite_note-235">[235]</a> In December 2017 <a href="/wiki/Sanderson_Farms" title="Sanderson Farms">Sanderson Farms</a> CEO questioned whether the NFL protests were to blame for falling <a href="/wiki/Buffalo_wing" title="Buffalo wing">chicken wing</a> prices.<a href="#cite_note-236">[236]</a> After his first kneel in 2016, Nike was well on its way to severing its four year long partnership with Kaepernick.<a href="#cite_note-237">[237]</a> Nigel Powell, chief communications executive of Nike, convinced the company to maintain their partnership with Kaepernick which eventually led to the launch of the politically and socially controversial advertisement released in 2018, "Nike - Dream Crazy", with Kaepernick as their face of their 30th anniversary campaign.<a href="#cite_note-238">[238]</a> Despite the prevalent backlash on social media of people who criticized Kaepernick's actions by burning and cutting up their Nike brand clothing, and even attracting the attention of President Trump, who then tweeted against the company's campaign,<a href="#cite_note-239">[239]</a> Nike sales increased by 31% within five days after the advertisement was released. However, the campaign did result in a temporary drop of 2.2% in the company's stock price.<a href="#cite_note-240">[240]</a><a href="#cite_note-241">[241]</a> By September 13, 2018, Nike's stock price closed at $83.47 (~$100.00 in 2023), which at the time was the highest in the company's history.<a href="#cite_note-https://www.facebook.com/CindyBoren-242">[242]</a> Nike took this backlash and converted it into a meme by releasing an ad that provided instructions to their customer on how to burn their products "properly".<a href="#cite_note-https://www.facebook.com/CindyBoren-242">[242]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Athletes_and_sports_media">Athletes and sports media</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._national_anthem_kneeling_protests&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Athletes and sports media">edit</a>]</div> Throughout the remainder of the 2016 season, Kaepernick received public backlash for his protest, with an anonymous <a href="/wiki/NFL" class="mw-redirect" title="NFL">NFL</a> executive calling Kaepernick "a traitor".<a href="#cite_note-243">[243]</a> On September 20, 2016, Kaepernick also stated that he received death threats primarily through social media.<a href="#cite_note-deaththreats-244">[244]</a> Sportscaster <a href="/wiki/Bob_Costas" title="Bob Costas">Bob Costas</a> offered support for Kaepernick stating, "Patriotism comes in many forms and what has happened is it's been conflated with a bumper-style kind of flag-waving and with the military only so that people cannot see that in his own way Colin Kaepernick, however imperfectly, is doing a <a href="/wiki/Patriotic" class="mw-redirect" title="Patriotic">patriotic</a> thing."<a href="#cite_note-245">[245]</a> <a href="/wiki/Trent_Dilfer" title="Trent Dilfer">Trent Dilfer</a> criticized Kaepernick. "The big thing that hit me through all this was this is a backup quarterback whose job is to be quiet, and sit in the shadows and get the starter ready to play Week 1," Dilfer said on <a href="/wiki/Sunday_NFL_Countdown" title="Sunday NFL Countdown">Sunday NFL Countdown</a>. "Yet he chose a time where all of a sudden he became the center of attention. And it has disrupted that organization. It has caused friction. And it's torn at the fabric of the team."<a href="#cite_note-mercury-246">[246]</a> Stemming from the Kaepernick controversy, before the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/2016_World_Cup_of_Hockey" title="2016 World Cup of Hockey">2016 World Cup of Hockey</a> tournament in <a href="/wiki/Toronto,_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Toronto, Canada">Toronto, Canada</a>, Team USA coach <a href="/wiki/John_Tortorella" title="John Tortorella">John Tortorella</a> told in an interview that if any one of his players were to sit out during the anthem, they would sit on the bench for the entire duration of the game.<a href="#cite_note-247">[247]</a> The September 2016 police shootings of <a href="/wiki/Terence_Crutcher" class="mw-redirect" title="Terence Crutcher">Terence Crutcher</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shooting_of_Keith_Lamont_Scott" class="mw-redirect" title="Shooting of Keith Lamont Scott">Keith Lamont Scott</a> bolstered support for his protest.<a href="#cite_note-248">[248]</a> Kaepernick said of the Terence Crutcher shooting, "this is a perfect example of what this is about."<a href="#cite_note-deaththreats-244">[244]</a> Boxer <a href="/wiki/Floyd_Mayweather" class="mw-redirect" title="Floyd Mayweather">Floyd Mayweather</a> criticized Kaepernick, stating, "You know, a lot of times, we get stuck, and we are followers. When you hear one person say 'black lives matter' or 'blue lives matter,' all lives matter." Adding moments later, "With me being a fighter, and my hands being registered, if I hit a guy for breaking in my house, or breaking in my car, it's gonna cost me more money, so I gotta work smarter, not harder. I'm gonna call the cops."<a href="#cite_note-249">[249]</a> Discussion continued throughout August 2017. <a href="/wiki/Baseball_Hall_of_Famer" class="mw-redirect" title="Baseball Hall of Famer">Baseball Hall of Famer</a> <a href="/wiki/Hank_Aaron" title="Hank Aaron">Hank Aaron</a> said, "I think he's getting a raw deal" from the NFL.<a href="#cite_note-250">[250]</a> That same month, <a href="/wiki/Pro_Football_Hall_of_Fame" title="Pro Football Hall of Fame">Pro Football Hall of Famer</a> and longtime <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_activist" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil rights activist">civil rights activist</a> <a href="/wiki/Jim_Brown" title="Jim Brown">Jim Brown</a>, who a year earlier supported Kaepernick "100 percent",<a href="#cite_note-251">[251]</a> now criticized him, suggesting Kaepernick ought to decide whether to be an athlete or an activist.<a href="#cite_note-252">[252]</a> "I'm an American," said Brown. "I don't desecrate my flag and my national anthem. ... This is my country, and I'll work out the problems, but I'll do it in an intelligent manner."<a href="#cite_note-253">[253]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jim_Harbaugh" title="Jim Harbaugh">Jim Harbaugh</a>, Kaepernick's former coach, penned a strong statement of support for him as part of <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/100_Most_Influential_People" class="mw-redirect" title="100 Most Influential People">100 Most Influential People</a>" series. Harbaugh wrote, "His willingness to take a position at personal cost is now part of our American story. How lucky for us all and for our country to have among our citizens someone as remarkable as Colin Kaepernick."<a href="#cite_note-254">[254]</a> <a href="/wiki/NASCAR" title="NASCAR">NASCAR</a> team owners <a href="/wiki/Richard_Petty" title="Richard Petty">Richard Petty</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Childress" title="Richard Childress">Richard Childress</a> have supported Trump and said that they would fire drivers and employees who would not stand for the national anthem.<a href="#cite_note-255">[255]</a> Petty said, "Anybody that don't stand up for the anthem ought to be out of the country. Period." Childress said, "It'll get you a ride on a Greyhound bus" if anyone on his team protested the anthem.<a href="#cite_note-256">[256]</a> Driver <a href="/wiki/Dale_Earnhardt_Jr." title="Dale Earnhardt Jr.">Dale Earnhardt Jr.</a>, however, expressed support for the peaceful protests, quoting President <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a>, "Those who make peaceful revolution impossible will make violent revolution inevitable."<a href="#cite_note-257">[257]</a> NASCAR released a statement on September 25 in response to the protests that said, "Sports are a unifying influence in our society, bringing people of differing backgrounds and beliefs together. Our respect for the national anthem has always been a hallmark of our pre-race events. Thanks to the sacrifices of many, we live in a country of unparalleled freedoms and countless liberties, including the right to peacefully express one's opinion."<a href="#cite_note-258">[258]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jemele_Hill" title="Jemele Hill">Jemele Hill</a> tweeted, "Just so we're clear: the president's comments will only incite more player protests, not quell them." following Trump's initial response to the protests.<a href="#cite_note-259">[259]</a><a href="#cite_note-260">[260]</a> Hill was later put on a two-week suspension for "a second violation of our social media guidelines", after Hill suggested people direct their disagreements towards advertisers of Dallas Cowboys owner <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Jones" title="Jerry Jones">Jerry Jones</a>, after Jones stated he would bench any player who protested the national anthem on October 9, 2017.<a href="#cite_note-261">[261]</a><a href="#cite_note-262">[262]</a> On September 25, 2017, <a href="/wiki/Bill_Russell" title="Bill Russell">Bill Russell</a> posted a photo to Twitter while kneeling and wearing his <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom" title="Presidential Medal of Freedom">Presidential Medal of Freedom</a>.<a href="#cite_note-263">[263]</a> On September 26, 2017, Joey Odoms, the national anthem singer for the home games of the Ravens, resigned citing the "tone/actions of a large number of NFL fans in the midst of our country's cultural crisis".<a href="#cite_note-264">[264]</a> Former <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Bears" title="Chicago Bears">Chicago Bears</a> coach <a href="/wiki/Mike_Ditka" title="Mike Ditka">Mike Ditka</a> commented, "If you don't respect our country, then you shouldn't be in this country playing football ... So I would say, adios." He added that he was "not condemning anybody or criticizing anybody" in his remarks. According to Ditka, "there has been no oppression in the last 100 years that I know of."<a href="#cite_note-265">[265]</a> On June 3, 2020, during the <a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests" title="George Floyd protests">protests</a> over the murder of George Floyd, <a href="/wiki/Drew_Brees" title="Drew Brees">Drew Brees</a> told <a href="/wiki/Yahoo_Finance" title="Yahoo Finance">Yahoo Finance</a> that he stood by his 2016 opinion that kneeling during the national anthem was disrespectful to the flag and to the US.<a href="#cite_note-:02-266">[266]</a><a href="#cite_note-:12-267">[267]</a> Multiple of his teammates and other professional athletes expressed disappointment and anger at the statement.<a href="#cite_note-:12-267">[267]</a> He apologized early the next day.<a href="#cite_note-:02-266">[266]</a><a href="#cite_note-268">[268]</a> <a href="/wiki/ESPN" title="ESPN">ESPN</a> journalist <a href="/wiki/Howard_Bryant" title="Howard Bryant">Howard Bryant</a> pointed out while many critics urged African-American athletes to leave politics out of sports, militaristic political displays and recruitment were broadly welcome, such as military fly-overs, camouflage versions of uniform merchandise, celebration of wounded veterans, expressions of support for law enforcement, and the national anthem.<a href="#cite_note-269">[269]</a> Bryant also criticized the impulse to silence or take away the citizenship of people speaking up against injustice. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Entertainment">Entertainment</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._national_anthem_kneeling_protests&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Entertainment">edit</a>]</div> NFL ratings have been in decline for the past couple years, except for the 2018 season, which saw an increase of 4%.<a href="#cite_note-270">[270]</a> However, during the 2016 and 2017 seasons ratings were down by 8% and 9.7% respectively.<a href="#cite_note-271">[271]</a><a href="#cite_note-272">[272]</a> A UBS securities analysis show that the primary cause of the drop in the ratings from the NFL is mainly due to players protesting the national anthem. According to the same survey, 50% of the decline in rating in 2017 is because of players taking a knee before the game, whereas this action only accounts for 18% of the decline of rating in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-273">[273]</a> The decline in ratings also had an impact on the ad revenue from major television companies, especially CBS and Fox.<a href="#cite_note-274">[274]</a> <a href="/wiki/Stevie_Wonder" title="Stevie Wonder">Stevie Wonder</a> knelt during the 2017 <a href="/wiki/Global_Citizen_Festival" title="Global Citizen Festival">Global Citizen Festival</a> on September 23, saying "Tonight, I'm taking a knee for America".<a href="#cite_note-275">[275]</a> <a href="/wiki/Eddie_Vedder" title="Eddie Vedder">Eddie Vedder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pharrell_Williams" title="Pharrell Williams">Pharrell Williams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dave_Matthews" title="Dave Matthews">Dave Matthews</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Legend" title="John Legend">John Legend</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roger_Waters" title="Roger Waters">Roger Waters</a> knelt to support the protests during concerts on September 24.<a href="#cite_note-276">[276]</a> The same day <a href="/wiki/Sonequa_Martin-Green" title="Sonequa Martin-Green">Sonequa Martin-Green</a> posted in her <a href="/wiki/Instagram" title="Instagram">Instagram</a> account a picture of several members from <a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_Discovery" title="Star Trek: Discovery">Star Trek: Discovery</a>'s cast alongside producer <a href="/wiki/Akiva_Goldsman" title="Akiva Goldsman">Akiva Goldsman</a> and herself kneeling.<a href="#cite_note-277">[277]</a> <a href="/wiki/Shonda_Rhimes" title="Shonda Rhimes">Shonda Rhimes</a> posted a photo kneeling with the cast of <a href="/wiki/Grey%27s_Anatomy" title="Grey's Anatomy">Grey's Anatomy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-278">[278]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_X-Files" title="The X-Files">The X-Files</a> actors <a href="/wiki/Gillian_Anderson" title="Gillian Anderson">Gillian Anderson</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Duchovny" title="David Duchovny">David Duchovny</a> posted a photo on Twitter of themselves kneeling with arms locked on September 26.<a href="#cite_note-279">[279]</a> Actor <a href="/wiki/Damien_Leake" title="Damien Leake">Damien Leake</a> had been making a similar protest for almost 50 years, since the assassination of <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a> When asked to comment: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">Does it ever occur to you that the playing of the national anthem has no place at a sporting event, period? Those of you who know me from high school may remember that I decided to start sitting during the playing of the Star Spangled Banner on April 4th 1968, and have been sitting ever since.<a href="#cite_note-280">[280]</a></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colleges">Colleges</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._national_anthem_kneeling_protests&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Colleges">edit</a>]</div> On October 11, 2018, Colin Kaepernick was awarded the <a href="/wiki/W.E.B._Du_Bois" class="mw-redirect" title="W.E.B. Du Bois">W.E.B. Du Bois</a> Medal at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> during the Hutchins Center Honors sponsored by the <a href="/wiki/Hutchins_Center_for_African_%26_African_American_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="Hutchins Center for African & African American Research">Hutchins Center for African & African American Research</a>. The award was given for his "significant contributions and African-American history and culture", and for his support "for intercultural understanding and human rights in an increasingly global and interconnected world".<a href="#cite_note-281">[281]</a> Some might think that the award is significant because it shows what he has sacrificed for starting and upholding the national anthem protest, and gives credibility to him as an activist based on the criteria for the award and past honorees such as <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali" title="Muhammad Ali">Muhammad Ali</a>.<a href="#cite_note-282">[282]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Law_enforcement">Law enforcement</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._national_anthem_kneeling_protests&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Law enforcement">edit</a>]</div> Due to Kaepernick's 2018 advertisement with Nike, both plaudits and denunciations have been voiced. On September 5, 2018, in response to the new Kaepernick-Nike campaign, the National Black Police Association provided a letter stating, "The NBPA believes that Mr. Kaepernick's stance is in direct alignment with what law enforcement stands for — the protection of a people, their human rights, their dignity, their safety and their rights as American citizens."<a href="#cite_note-283">[283]</a> Despite being police officers, the NBPA defends Kaepernick's actions because they feel that the issue of race must be addressed in order to tackle the ongoing issue.<a href="#cite_note-284">[284]</a> There is a wide divide of agreement on this subject between law enforcement groups; especially between the NBPA and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.napo.org">National Association of Police Organizations</a> (who felt that Kaepernick's gestures regarding the national anthem were disrespectful).<a href="#cite_note-285">[285]</a> NAPO has even called for a boycott of Nike products due to their recent partnership with Kaepernick.<a href="#cite_note-286">[286]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests" title="George Floyd protests">George Floyd protests</a>, some police officers began kneeling to express solidarity with the protesters, in support of racial justice.<a href="#cite_note-287">[287]</a> On May 31, Lieutenant Robert Cattani knelt during the <a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_New_York_City" title="George Floyd protests in New York City">protests</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lower_Manhattan" title="Lower Manhattan">Lower Manhattan</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Foley_Square" title="Foley Square">Foley Square</a>. Cattani later apologized, on June 3, to his fellow officers for his "horrible decision", stating that he had not thought of the "consequence" of his action, which was not specified; that having knelt "goes against every principle and value that I stand for", and that his kneeling had ruined his "reputation as a good cop".<a href="#cite_note-288">[288]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Social_media">Social media</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._national_anthem_kneeling_protests&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Social media">edit</a>]</div> Kneeling during the national anthem became a symbol of resistance, similar to the <a href="/wiki/Black_power_fist" class="mw-redirect" title="Black power fist">black power fist</a>. The act was discussed heavily on social media, with users on <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a> using #TakeAKnee or #TakeTheKnee to discuss the act. The use of this <a href="/wiki/Hashtag" title="Hashtag">hashtag</a> exploded with 4 million tweets.<a href="#cite_note-289">[289]</a><a href="#cite_note-290">[290]</a> The hashtag was often used with other hashtags such as #BoycottNFL and #BlackLivesMatter. #BoycottNFL is used in different states than #TakeAKnee, with those using #BoycottNFL wanting to boycott the NFL and those using #TakeAKnee supporting the players who choose to protest.<a href="#cite_note-291">[291]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="NFL_national_anthem_policy">NFL national anthem policy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._national_anthem_kneeling_protests&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: NFL national anthem policy">edit</a>]</div> The previous national anthem policy by the NFL written about a decade before the new policy in May 2018 contained vocabulary that allotted more leeway in the players' behavior during the national anthem before games. It required players to be on the sideline but only stated that players should, not must, stand during the national anthem.<a href="#cite_note-292">[292]</a> Colin Kaepernick used this fact to an advantage and conducted his act of a peaceful protest which remained inconspicuous until President Trump posted his tweets on Twitter.<a href="#cite_note-293">[293]</a> The tweets brought enormous amounts of media attention to the participating players and found people on two sides of the issue; one group that supported Kaepernick and many other players that were protesting to bring awareness to the police brutality that black people faced and the other group that believed kneeling was disrespectful to the country, flag, or the military.<a href="#cite_note-294">[294]</a> To address the backlash, the NFL released a national anthem policy in May 2018, stating that players and team personnel were required to stand during the national anthem. Those who chose not to stand were required to remain in the locker room.<a href="#cite_note-295">[295]</a> Though NFL commissioner <a href="/wiki/Roger_Goodell" title="Roger Goodell">Roger Goodell</a> said the vote was unanimous among all NFL owners, <a href="/wiki/Jed_York" title="Jed York">Jed York</a>, the owner of the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_49ers" title="San Francisco 49ers">San Francisco 49ers</a> and Kaepernick's previous team said he abstained.<a href="#cite_note-296">[296]</a> During an interview, President Trump said that the NFL did "the right thing" of releasing the new policy. He added, "You have to stand proudly for the national anthem or you shouldn't be playing. You shouldn't be there. Maybe you shouldn't be in the country."<a href="#cite_note-297">[297]</a> In another interview, he applauded the new policy after its release, but felt that it was not strict enough.<a href="#cite_note-nbcnews.com-298">[298]</a> Since passing the new national anthem policy in May 2018, the policy was put on hold in July 2018. This occurred when the <a href="/wiki/NFLPA" class="mw-redirect" title="NFLPA">NFLPA</a> filed a grievance against the NFL's national anthem policy, stating that the policy violated the players' rights because there were no prior discussions between the NFL and NFLPA. The policy remained suspended until <a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl_LIII" title="Super Bowl LIII">Super Bowl LIII</a> and will remain suspended until further notice.<a href="#cite_note-299">[299]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests" title="George Floyd protests">George Floyd protests</a> on June 4, 2020, about 20 players released a video reciting the names of victims, demanding that the NFL condemn racism and admit its policy against peaceful protests were wrong and to affirm that black lives matter. <a href="/wiki/Roger_Goodell" title="Roger Goodell">Roger Goodell</a> did so in a video message on June 5, and encouraged everyone to protest peacefully.<a href="#cite_note-week-300">[300]</a> On June 3, quarterback <a href="/wiki/Drew_Brees" title="Drew Brees">Drew Brees</a> reiterated his opinion against the national anthem protests, generating considerable criticism, including from his teammates. Though he did not endorse the action of kneeling during the anthem, Brees apologized, prompting criticism of the apology from President Trump. Brees replied to Trump on Twitter that he has come to understand the protests were never about the American flag, and said it was wrong to use the flag to turn people away or distract people from issues facing African-Americans.<a href="#cite_note-week-300">[300]</a> In August, after the <a href="/wiki/Shooting_of_Jacob_Blake" title="Shooting of Jacob Blake">shooting of Jacob Blake</a>, a black man, Goodell said that he wished the NFL had listened earlier to Kaepernick's reasons for kneeling.<a href="#cite_note-301">[301]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._national_anthem_kneeling_protests&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Show_Racism_the_Red_Card" title="Show Racism the Red Card">Show Racism the Red Card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_American_athlete_strikes" title="2020 American athlete strikes">2020 American athlete strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Olympics_Black_Power_salute" title="1968 Olympics Black Power salute">1968 Olympics Black Power salute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Flag_Code" title="United States Flag Code">United States Flag Code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quarterback_kneel" title="Quarterback kneel">Quarterback kneel</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._national_anthem_kneeling_protests&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHoffmanMinsberg2018" class="citation news cs1">Hoffman, Benjamin; 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September 26, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170928103059/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/nfl-eric-reid-donald-trump-race-row-neo-nazis-charlottesville-fine-people-president-us-latest-a7967811.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 28, 2017. 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September 1, 2016. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160907050158/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2016/sep/01/colin-kaepernick-eric-reid-kneel-national-anthem-protest-san-francisco-49ers">Archived</a> from the original on September 7, 2016. Retrieved September 7, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Colin+Kaepernick+joined+by+Eric+Reid+in+kneeling+for+national+anthem+protest&rft.date=2016-09-01&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fsport%2F2016%2Fsep%2F01%2Fcolin-kaepernick-eric-reid-kneel-national-anthem-protest-san-francisco-49ers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+national+anthem+kneeling+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/nfl/seahawks/2016/09/01/jeremy-lane-colin-kaepernick-national-anthem-protest/89752460/">"Seahawks' Jeremy Lane joins Colin Kaepernick's protest, sits during national anthem"</a>. <a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160905103948/http://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/nfl/seahawks/2016/09/01/jeremy-lane-colin-kaepernick-national-anthem-protest/89752460/">Archived</a> from the original on September 5, 2016. 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Retrieved October 3, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Opinion+%7C+What+the+NFL+take-a-knee+protests+mean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fopinions%2Fwhat-the-nfl-take-a-knee-protests-mean%2F2017%2F09%2F26%2F4915930e-a210-11e7-b573-8ec86cdfe1ed_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+national+anthem+kneeling+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKing" class="citation news cs1">King, Alexandra. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2017/09/30/us/costas-nfl-cnntv/index.html">"Bob Costas: Stand for anthem, then take a knee"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171003124816/http://edition.cnn.com/2017/09/30/us/costas-nfl-cnntv/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 3, 2017. 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September 25, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170928035104/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/taking-a-knee-national-anthem-nfl-trump-why-meaning-origins-racism-us-colin-kaepernick-a7966961.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 28, 2017. 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Time. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160917233412/http://time.com/4486853/kansas-city-chiefs-marcus-peters-national-anthem/">Archived</a> from the original on September 17, 2016. Retrieved September 20, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Kansas+City+Chiefs+Cornerback+Marcus+Peters+Raises+Fist+During+National+Anthem&rft.aulast=Gajanan&rft.aufirst=Mahita&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F4486853%2Fkansas-city-chiefs-marcus-peters-national-anthem%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+national+anthem+kneeling+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-arnold-68"><a href="#cite_ref-arnold_68-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArnold2016" class="citation web cs1">Arnold, Geoffrey (September 12, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oregonlive.com/nfl/index.ssf/2016/09/seattle_seahawks_lock_arms_dur.html">"Seattle Seahawks lock arms during national anthem"</a>. The Oregonian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160923114745/http://www.oregonlive.com/nfl/index.ssf/2016/09/seattle_seahawks_lock_arms_dur.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 23, 2016. Retrieved September 20, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Oregonian&rft.atitle=Seattle+Seahawks+lock+arms+during+national+anthem&rft.date=2016-09-12&rft.aulast=Arnold&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregonlive.com%2Fnfl%2Findex.ssf%2F2016%2F09%2Fseattle_seahawks_lock_arms_dur.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+national+anthem+kneeling+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHabib" class="citation news cs1">Habib, Hal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ajc.com/sports/miami-dolphins-kneel-during-national-anthem/tVERFq0ty4uFmEqT2ULKCL/">"4 Miami Dolphins kneel during national anthem"</a>. The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170906141157/http://www.ajc.com/sports/miami-dolphins-kneel-during-national-anthem/tVERFq0ty4uFmEqT2ULKCL/">Archived</a> from the original on September 6, 2017. Retrieved September 24, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlanta+Journal-Constitution&rft.atitle=4+Miami+Dolphins+kneel+during+national+anthem&rft.aulast=Habib&rft.aufirst=Hal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajc.com%2Fsports%2Fmiami-dolphins-kneel-during-national-anthem%2FtVERFq0ty4uFmEqT2ULKCL%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+national+anthem+kneeling+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.espn.com/blog/jacksonville-jaguars/post/_/id/19870/jaguars-players-considered-protest-but-pig-socks-derailed-plans">"Jaguars players considered protest, but pig socks scuttled plans"</a>. November 16, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161123201306/http://www.espn.com/blog/jacksonville-jaguars/post/_/id/19870/jaguars-players-considered-protest-but-pig-socks-derailed-plans">Archived</a> from the original on November 23, 2016. Retrieved December 16, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jaguars+players+considered+protest%2C+but+pig+socks+scuttled+plans&rft.date=2016-11-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.espn.com%2Fblog%2Fjacksonville-jaguars%2Fpost%2F_%2Fid%2F19870%2Fjaguars-players-considered-protest-but-pig-socks-derailed-plans&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+national+anthem+kneeling+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbssports.com/nfl/news/mike-evans-sat-during-anthem-to-protest-donald-trump-presidency/">"Mike Evans sat during anthem to protest Donald Trump presidency"</a>. CBSSports.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161128133213/http://www.cbssports.com/nfl/news/mike-evans-sat-during-anthem-to-protest-donald-trump-presidency/">Archived</a> from the original on November 28, 2016. Retrieved November 27, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Mike+Evans+sat+during+anthem+to+protest+Donald+Trump+presidency&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbssports.com%2Fnfl%2Fnews%2Fmike-evans-sat-during-anthem-to-protest-donald-trump-presidency%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+national+anthem+kneeling+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.espn.com/blog/tampa-bay-buccaneers/post/_/id/15124/bucs-mike-evans-stands-for-national-anthem">"Bucs' Mike Evans ends protest, stands for national anthem"</a>. ESPN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161128050728/http://www.espn.com/blog/tampa-bay-buccaneers/post/_/id/15124/bucs-mike-evans-stands-for-national-anthem">Archived</a> from the original on November 28, 2016. Retrieved November 27, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Bucs%27+Mike+Evans+ends+protest%2C+stands+for+national+anthem&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.espn.com%2Fblog%2Ftampa-bay-buccaneers%2Fpost%2F_%2Fid%2F15124%2Fbucs-mike-evans-stands-for-national-anthem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+national+anthem+kneeling+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaccellieri2017" class="citation web cs1">Baccellieri, Emma (August 22, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deadspin.com/seth-devalve-is-the-first-white-player-to-kneel-for-the-1798295618">"Seth DeValve Is The First White Player To Kneel for the National Anthem"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170822053647/http://deadspin.com/seth-devalve-is-the-first-white-player-to-kneel-for-the-1798295618">Archived</a> from the original on August 22, 2017. Retrieved August 22, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Seth+DeValve+Is+The+First+White+Player+To+Kneel+for+the+National+Anthem&rft.date=2017-08-22&rft.aulast=Baccellieri&rft.aufirst=Emma&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdeadspin.com%2Fseth-devalve-is-the-first-white-player-to-kneel-for-the-1798295618&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+national+anthem+kneeling+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraham2017" class="citation web cs1">Graham, Bryan (September 23, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2017/sep/22/donald-trump-nfl-national-anthem-protests">"Donald Trump blasts NFL anthem protesters: 'Get that son of a bitch off the field'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170923222421/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2017/sep/22/donald-trump-nfl-national-anthem-protests">Archived</a> from the original on September 23, 2017. Retrieved October 3, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Donald+Trump+blasts+NFL+anthem+protesters%3A+%27Get+that+son+of+a+bitch+off+the+field%27&rft.date=2017-09-23&rft.aulast=Graham&rft.aufirst=Bryan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fsport%2F2017%2Fsep%2F22%2Fdonald-trump-nfl-national-anthem-protests&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+national+anthem+kneeling+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ESPN.com-75">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ESPN.com_75-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ESPN.com_75-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.espn.com/blog/nflnation/post/_/id/249755/nfl-players-who-protested-during-the-national-anthem-in-week-3">"NFL players who protested during the national anthem in Week 3"</a>. ESPN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170925014751/http://www.espn.com/blog/nflnation/post/_/id/249755/nfl-players-who-protested-during-the-national-anthem-in-week-3">Archived</a> from the original on September 25, 2017. Retrieved September 24, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=NFL+players+who+protested+during+the+national+anthem+in+Week+3&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.espn.com%2Fblog%2Fnflnation%2Fpost%2F_%2Fid%2F249755%2Fnfl-players-who-protested-during-the-national-anthem-in-week-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+national+anthem+kneeling+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWembley2017" class="citation news cs1">Wembley, Sean Ingle at (September 24, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2017/sep/24/donald-trump-defied-wembley-jaguars-ravens-nfl-kneel-anthem">"Donald Trump defied at Wembley as Jaguars and Ravens kneel for anthem"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170924205616/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2017/sep/24/donald-trump-defied-wembley-jaguars-ravens-nfl-kneel-anthem">Archived</a> from the original on September 24, 2017. Retrieved September 25, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Donald+Trump+defied+at+Wembley+as+Jaguars+and+Ravens+kneel+for+anthem&rft.date=2017-09-24&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Wembley&rft.aufirst=Sean+Ingle+at&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fsport%2F2017%2Fsep%2F24%2Fdonald-trump-defied-wembley-jaguars-ravens-nfl-kneel-anthem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+national+anthem+kneeling+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZrebiec" class="citation news cs1">Zrebiec, Jeff. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.baltimoresun.com/sports/ravens/ravens-insider/bs-sp-ravens-anthem-protest-20170924-story.html">"Some Ravens and Jaguars take knee during national anthem in wake of comments by President Trump"</a>. The Baltimore Sun. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170925083233/http://www.baltimoresun.com/sports/ravens/ravens-insider/bs-sp-ravens-anthem-protest-20170924-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 25, 2017. Retrieved September 25, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Baltimore+Sun&rft.atitle=Some+Ravens+and+Jaguars+take+knee+during+national+anthem+in+wake+of+comments+by+President+Trump&rft.aulast=Zrebiec&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baltimoresun.com%2Fsports%2Fravens%2Fravens-insider%2Fbs-sp-ravens-anthem-protest-20170924-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+national+anthem+kneeling+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSweeney2017" class="citation news cs1">Sweeney, Don (September 24, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.miamiherald.com/news/nation-world/world/article175130091.html">"NFL players in London kneel for the US national anthem but stand for the British one"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Miami_Herald" title="Miami Herald">Miami Herald</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170924183619/http://www.miamiherald.com/news/nation-world/world/article175130091.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 24, 2017. Retrieved September 25, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Miami+Herald&rft.atitle=NFL+players+in+London+kneel+for+the+US+national+anthem+but+stand+for+the+British+one&rft.date=2017-09-24&rft.aulast=Sweeney&rft.aufirst=Don&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.miamiherald.com%2Fnews%2Fnation-world%2Fworld%2Farticle175130091.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+national+anthem+kneeling+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTimes-79">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes_79-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes_79-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBelsonManchesterMather2017" class="citation web cs1">Belson, Ken; Manchester, Sam; Mather, Victor (September 24, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/24/sports/nfl-trump-anthem-protests.html">"Tom Brady Joins Anthem Demonstration as N.F.L. Protests Trump Comments"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170924165431/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/24/sports/nfl-trump-anthem-protests.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 24, 2017. Retrieved September 24, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Tom+Brady+Joins+Anthem+Demonstration+as+N.F.L.+Protests+Trump+Comments&rft.date=2017-09-24&rft.aulast=Belson&rft.aufirst=Ken&rft.au=Manchester%2C+Sam&rft.au=Mather%2C+Victor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F09%2F24%2Fsports%2Fnfl-trump-anthem-protests.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+national+anthem+kneeling+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tennessean.com/story/sports/nfl/titans/2017/09/24/meghan-linsey-kneels-after-singing-national-anthem-titans-seahawks-game/698362001/">"Meghan Linsey kneels after singing national anthem at Titans-Seahawks game"</a>. The Tennessean. Retrieved September 25, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Tennessean&rft.atitle=Meghan+Linsey+kneels+after+singing+national+anthem+at+Titans-Seahawks+game&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tennessean.com%2Fstory%2Fsports%2Fnfl%2Ftitans%2F2017%2F09%2F24%2Fmeghan-linsey-kneels-after-singing-national-anthem-titans-seahawks-game%2F698362001%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+national+anthem+kneeling+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-81">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_81-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_81-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/nfl/2017/09/24/donald-trump-nfl-player-protests-national-anthem-week-3-response/697609001/">"NFL player protests sweep league after President Donald Trump's hostile remarks"</a>. <a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170925041022/https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/nfl/2017/09/24/donald-trump-nfl-player-protests-national-anthem-week-3-response/697609001/">Archived</a> from the original on September 25, 2017. Retrieved September 24, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=NFL+player+protests+sweep+league+after+President+Donald+Trump%27s+hostile+remarks&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fsports%2Fnfl%2F2017%2F09%2F24%2Fdonald-trump-nfl-player-protests-national-anthem-week-3-response%2F697609001%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+national+anthem+kneeling+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-LAT_2019-02-01-82"><a href="#cite_ref-LAT_2019-02-01_82-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBierman2019" class="citation news cs1">Bierman, Noah (February 2, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-na-pol-trump-nfl-20190201-story.html">"For years, Trump bashed the NFL and players who protested racial injustice. Here's why he stopped"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190201163650/https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-na-pol-trump-nfl-20190201-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 1, 2019. Retrieved February 2, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=For+years%2C+Trump+bashed+the+NFL+and+players+who+protested+racial+injustice.+Here%27s+why+he+stopped&rft.date=2019-02-02&rft.aulast=Bierman&rft.aufirst=Noah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fpolitics%2Fla-na-pol-trump-nfl-20190201-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+national+anthem+kneeling+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.miamiherald.com/sports/nfl/miami-dolphins/article175171896.html">"Why did Stills kneel Sunday? Because he felt Trump tried to 'scare' or 'intimidate' him"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Miami_Herald" title="Miami Herald">Miami Herald</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170925083418/http://www.miamiherald.com/sports/nfl/miami-dolphins/article175171896.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 25, 2017. Retrieved September 25, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Miami+Herald&rft.atitle=Why+did+Stills+kneel+Sunday%3F+Because+he+felt+Trump+tried+to+%27scare%27+or+%27intimidate%27+him&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.miamiherald.com%2Fsports%2Fnfl%2Fmiami-dolphins%2Farticle175171896.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+national+anthem+kneeling+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wgntv.com/2017/09/24/nfl-sunday-kicks-off-amid-beef-between-players-trump/">"From Chicago to London, NFL players react to Trump's protest critiques"</a>. WGN-TV. September 24, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170924233654/http://wgntv.com/2017/09/24/nfl-sunday-kicks-off-amid-beef-between-players-trump/">Archived</a> from the original on September 24, 2017. Retrieved September 25, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=From+Chicago+to+London%2C+NFL+players+react+to+Trump%27s+protest+critiques&rft.date=2017-09-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwgntv.com%2F2017%2F09%2F24%2Fnfl-sunday-kicks-off-amid-beef-between-players-trump%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+national+anthem+kneeling+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.journalnow.com/news/nation_world/villanueva-on-anthem-flap-it-wasn-t-me-stepping-forward/article_62177918-7571-5d91-9bbf-f2337ea908ef.html">"Villanueva on anthem flap: 'It wasn't me stepping forward'"</a>. Winston-Salem Journal. Associated Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170926235724/http://www.journalnow.com/news/nation_world/villanueva-on-anthem-flap-it-wasn-t-me-stepping-forward/article_62177918-7571-5d91-9bbf-f2337ea908ef.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 26, 2017. Retrieved October 9, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Winston-Salem+Journal&rft.atitle=Villanueva+on+anthem+flap%3A+%27It+wasn%27t+me+stepping+forward%27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.journalnow.com%2Fnews%2Fnation_world%2Fvillanueva-on-anthem-flap-it-wasn-t-me-stepping-forward%2Farticle_62177918-7571-5d91-9bbf-f2337ea908ef.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+national+anthem+kneeling+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRollins" class="citation magazine cs1">Rollins, Khadrice. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.si.com/nfl/2017/09/24/raiders-sit-during-national-anthem-they-couldnt-stay-locker-room">"Most of the Raiders took a seat during national anthem"</a>. Sports Illustrated. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170925063442/https://www.si.com/nfl/2017/09/24/raiders-sit-during-national-anthem-they-couldnt-stay-locker-room">Archived</a> from the original on September 25, 2017. Retrieved September 25, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sports+Illustrated&rft.atitle=Most+of+the+Raiders+took+a+seat+during+national+anthem&rft.aulast=Rollins&rft.aufirst=Khadrice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.si.com%2Fnfl%2F2017%2F09%2F24%2Fraiders-sit-during-national-anthem-they-couldnt-stay-locker-room&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+national+anthem+kneeling+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.denverpost.com/2017/09/24/von-miller-broncos-kneel-national-anthem/">"Von Miller among 32 Broncos players who take a knee for national anthem"</a>. The Denver Post. September 24, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170924214352/http://www.denverpost.com/2017/09/24/von-miller-broncos-kneel-national-anthem/">Archived</a> from the original on September 24, 2017. Retrieved September 25, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Denver+Post&rft.atitle=Von+Miller+among+32+Broncos+players+who+take+a+knee+for+national+anthem&rft.date=2017-09-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.denverpost.com%2F2017%2F09%2F24%2Fvon-miller-broncos-kneel-national-anthem%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+national+anthem+kneeling+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newyorkupstate.com/buffalo-bills/index.ssf/2017/09/buffalo_bills_national_anthem_protests_kneeling_racial_injustive_donald_trump.html">"Buffalo Bills lock arms during national anthem in response to Donald Trump"</a>. 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Retrieved September 25, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Buffalo+Bills+lock+arms+during+national+anthem+in+response+to+Donald+Trump&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorkupstate.com%2Fbuffalo-bills%2Findex.ssf%2F2017%2F09%2Fbuffalo_bills_national_anthem_protests_kneeling_racial_injustive_donald_trump.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+national+anthem+kneeling+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pennlive.com/sports/index.ssf/2017/09/lesean_mccoy_says_donald_trump.html">"LeSean McCoy says Donald Trump should 'be a president,' 'be respectful'"</a>. 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Retrieved September 25, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=LeSean+McCoy+says+Donald+Trump+should+%27be+a+president%2C%27+%27be+respectful%27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pennlive.com%2Fsports%2Findex.ssf%2F2017%2F09%2Flesean_mccoy_says_donald_trump.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+national+anthem+kneeling+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArcherWeinfuss2017" class="citation web cs1">Archer, Todd; Weinfuss, Josh (September 26, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/20819786/dallas-cowboys-arizona-cardinals-lock-arms-monday-night-football-game">"Cowboys, Cardinals lock arms for national anthem in show of unity"</a>. 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Retrieved October 20, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Colts+kneel%2C+lock+arms+in+show+of+unity+against+Donald+Trump%27s+comments&rft.pub=WRTV&rft.date=2017-09-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theindychannel.com%2Fsports%2Fcolts%2Fcolts-kneel-lock-arms-in-show-of-unity-against-donald-trumps-comments&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+national+anthem+kneeling+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.espn.com/blog/nflnation/post/_/id/249755/nfl-players-who-protested-during-the-national-anthem-in-week-3">"NFL players who protested during the national anthem in Week 3"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ESPN" title="ESPN">ESPN</a>. 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North Jersey Media Group.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=North+Jersey+Media+Group&rft.atitle=Group+of+NY+Mets%2C+Braves+players+wear+%27Black+Lives+Matter%27+shirts+before+Opening+Day+game&rft.aulast=Toscano&rft.aufirst=Justin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.northjersey.com%2Fstory%2Fsports%2Fmlb%2Fmets%2F2020%2F07%2F24%2Fblack-lives-matter-ny-mets-atlanta-braves-wear-shirts-before-game%2F5499723002%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+national+anthem+kneeling+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto1-185">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_185-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_185-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.msn.com/en-us/sports/mlb/cincinnati-reds-players-amir-garrett-phillip-ervin-kneel-during-national-anthem/ar-BB179LDx">"Cincinnati Reds players Amir Garrett, Phillip Ervin kneel during national anthem"</a>. www.msn.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.msn.com&rft.atitle=Cincinnati+Reds+players+Amir+Garrett%2C+Phillip+Ervin+kneel+during+national+anthem&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.msn.com%2Fen-us%2Fsports%2Fmlb%2Fcincinnati-reds-players-amir-garrett-phillip-ervin-kneel-during-national-anthem%2Far-BB179LDx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+national+anthem+kneeling+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tampabay.com/sports/rays/2020/07/24/rays-coaches-ozzie-timmons-rodney-linares-kneel-during-anthem/">"Rays coaches Ozzie Timmons, Rodney Linares kneel during anthem"</a>. Tampa Bay Times.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tampa+Bay+Times&rft.atitle=Rays+coaches+Ozzie+Timmons%2C+Rodney+Linares+kneel+during+anthem&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tampabay.com%2Fsports%2Frays%2F2020%2F07%2F24%2Frays-coaches-ozzie-timmons-rodney-linares-kneel-during-anthem%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+national+anthem+kneeling+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.yahoo.com/mlb-team-says-great-day-193800761.html">"MLB team says its a "great day to arrest the killers of Breonna Taylor""</a>. news.yahoo.com. July 24, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=news.yahoo.com&rft.atitle=MLB+team+says+its+a+%22great+day+to+arrest+the+killers+of+Breonna+Taylor%22&rft.date=2020-07-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.yahoo.com%2Fmlb-team-says-great-day-193800761.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+national+anthem+kneeling+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiami_Marlins2020" class="citation web cs1">Miami Marlins [@Marlins] (July 24, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/Marlins/status/1286787253910540288">"Unequivocally. #BlackLivesMatter https://t.co/Bboaowdou3"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>). Retrieved January 2, 2021 – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Unequivocally.+%23BlackLivesMatter+https%3A%2F%2Ft.co%2FBboaowdou3&rft.date=2020-07-24&rft.au=Miami+Marlins&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2FMarlins%2Fstatus%2F1286787253910540288&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+national+anthem+kneeling+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhiladelphia_Phillies2020" class="citation web cs1">Philadelphia Phillies [@Phillies] (July 24, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/Phillies/status/1286810402786074624">"Unity https://t.co/P522eh6CGl"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>). Retrieved January 2, 2021 – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Unity+https%3A%2F%2Ft.co%2FP522eh6CGl&rft.date=2020-07-24&rft.au=Philadelphia+Phillies&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2FPhillies%2Fstatus%2F1286810402786074624&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+national+anthem+kneeling+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraham2020" class="citation web cs1">Graham, Sophia [@SophiaGrahamUSA] (July 23, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/SophiaGrahamUSA/status/1286463957058949120">"Cleveland Indians stood for the national anthem. Right hand over their hearts and left hand on their teammates shoulders. God bless the Cleveland Indians ✝️✝️🇺🇸🇺🇸🇺🇸 https://t.co/c6I0aFWKsc"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>). Retrieved January 2, 2021 – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cleveland+Indians+stood+for+the+national+anthem.+Right+hand+over+their+hearts+and+left+hand+on+their+teammates+shoulders.+God+bless+the+Cleveland+Indians+%E2%9C%9D%EF%B8%8F%E2%9C%9D%EF%B8%8F%F0%9F%87%BA%F0%9F%87%B8%F0%9F%87%BA%F0%9F%87%B8%F0%9F%87%BA%F0%9F%87%B8+https%3A%2F%2Ft.co%2Fc6I0aFWKsc&rft.date=2020-07-23&rft.aulast=Graham&rft.aufirst=Sophia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2FSophiaGrahamUSA%2Fstatus%2F1286463957058949120&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+national+anthem+kneeling+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211110011936/https://sports.yahoo.com/orioles-red-sox-knee-national-233650397.html">"Orioles, Red Sox take knee before national anthem at Fenway Park"</a>. sports.yahoo.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sports.yahoo.com/orioles-red-sox-knee-national-233650397.html">the original</a> on November 10, 2021. Retrieved July 25, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sports.yahoo.com&rft.atitle=Orioles%2C+Red+Sox+take+knee+before+national+anthem+at+Fenway+Park&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsports.yahoo.com%2Forioles-red-sox-knee-national-233650397.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+national+anthem+kneeling+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFbrent.briggeman@gazette.com2020" class="citation web cs1">brent.briggeman@gazette.com, BRENT BRIGGEMAN (July 24, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gazette.com/sports/outfielder-matt-kemp-only-rockies-player-to-kneel-during-national-anthem-in-opener/article_b5c102ec-ce0c-11ea-8519-1f42f81781a2.html">"Outfielder Matt Kemp only Rockies player to kneel during national anthem in opener"</a>. Colorado Springs Gazette.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Colorado+Springs+Gazette&rft.atitle=Outfielder+Matt+Kemp+only+Rockies+player+to+kneel+during+national+anthem+in+opener&rft.date=2020-07-24&rft.aulast=brent.briggeman%40gazette.com&rft.aufirst=BRENT+BRIGGEMAN&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgazette.com%2Fsports%2Foutfielder-matt-kemp-only-rockies-player-to-kneel-during-national-anthem-in-opener%2Farticle_b5c102ec-ce0c-11ea-8519-1f42f81781a2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+national+anthem+kneeling+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kstp.com/minnesota-sports/twins-to-honor-health-care-workers-george-floyd-covid-victims-at-home-opener/5803730/">"Twins to honor health care workers, George Floyd, COVID victims at home opener"</a>. KSTP. July 23, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=KSTP&rft.atitle=Twins+to+honor+health+care+workers%2C+George+Floyd%2C+COVID+victims+at+home+opener&rft.date=2020-07-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkstp.com%2Fminnesota-sports%2Ftwins-to-honor-health-care-workers-george-floyd-covid-victims-at-home-opener%2F5803730%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+national+anthem+kneeling+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.twincities.com/2020/07/24/members-of-the-twins-take-a-knee-to-protest-racial-inequality/">"Members of the Twins take a knee to protest racial inequality"</a>. July 25, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Members+of+the+Twins+take+a+knee+to+protest+racial+inequality&rft.date=2020-07-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.twincities.com%2F2020%2F07%2F24%2Fmembers-of-the-twins-take-a-knee-to-protest-racial-inequality%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+national+anthem+kneeling+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGregor2020" class="citation web cs1">Gregor, Scot (July 24, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dailyherald.com/sports/20200724/renteria-white-sox-players-show-blm-support">"Renteria, White Sox players show BLM support"</a>. Daily Herald.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Daily+Herald&rft.atitle=Renteria%2C+White+Sox+players+show+BLM+support&rft.date=2020-07-24&rft.aulast=Gregor&rft.aufirst=Scot&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailyherald.com%2Fsports%2F20200724%2Frenteria-white-sox-players-show-blm-support&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+national+anthem+kneeling+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStumpf2020" class="citation web cs1">Stumpf, Alex (July 25, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wpxi.com/sports/mlb/pittsburgh-pirates/pirates-cf-jarrod-dyson-takes-knee-during-national-anthem-opening-day/2BMCF5TMFZDYVKY3YYS54ICJIM/">"Pirates CF Jarrod Dyson takes knee during national anthem on opening day"</a>. WPXI.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WPXI&rft.atitle=Pirates+CF+Jarrod+Dyson+takes+knee+during+national+anthem+on+opening+day&rft.date=2020-07-25&rft.aulast=Stumpf&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wpxi.com%2Fsports%2Fmlb%2Fpittsburgh-pirates%2Fpirates-cf-jarrod-dyson-takes-knee-during-national-anthem-opening-day%2F2BMCF5TMFZDYVKY3YYS54ICJIM%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+national+anthem+kneeling+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto4-197">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto4_197-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto4_197-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto4_197-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sports.yahoo.com/six-white-sox-players-including-tim-anderson-and-lucas-giolito-kneel-during-national-anthem-011501211.html">"A's outfielders Khris Davis and Tony Kemp raise fists in support of Black Lives Matter"</a>. sports.yahoo.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=sports.yahoo.com&rft.atitle=A%27s+outfielders+Khris+Davis+and+Tony+Kemp+raise+fists+in+support+of+Black+Lives+Matter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsports.yahoo.com%2Fsix-white-sox-players-including-tim-anderson-and-lucas-giolito-kneel-during-national-anthem-011501211.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+national+anthem+kneeling+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLacques" class="citation web cs1">Lacques, Gabe. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/mlb/yankees/2020/07/25/giancarlo-stanton-aaron-hicks-yankees-kneel-national-anthem/5512427002/">"'We're still in this fight': Yankees' Giancarlo Stanton, Aaron Hicks kneel during national anthem"</a>. USA TODAY.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=USA+TODAY&rft.atitle=%27We%27re+still+in+this+fight%27%3A+Yankees%27+Giancarlo+Stanton%2C+Aaron+Hicks+kneel+during+national+anthem&rft.aulast=Lacques&rft.aufirst=Gabe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fsports%2Fmlb%2Fyankees%2F2020%2F07%2F25%2Fgiancarlo-stanton-aaron-hicks-yankees-kneel-national-anthem%2F5512427002%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+national+anthem+kneeling+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTheisen2017" class="citation news cs1">Theisen, Lauren (September 24, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deadspin.com/los-angeles-sparks-leave-court-before-national-anthem-i-1818709276">"Los Angeles Sparks Leave Court Before National Anthem in Game 1 of WNBA Finals"</a>. Deadspin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170925012416/http://deadspin.com/los-angeles-sparks-leave-court-before-national-anthem-i-1818709276">Archived</a> from the original on September 25, 2017. Retrieved September 24, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deadspin&rft.atitle=Los+Angeles+Sparks+Leave+Court+Before+National+Anthem+in+Game+1+of+WNBA+Finals&rft.date=2017-09-24&rft.aulast=Theisen&rft.aufirst=Lauren&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdeadspin.com%2Flos-angeles-sparks-leave-court-before-national-anthem-i-1818709276&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+national+anthem+kneeling+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-200"><a href="#cite_ref-auto_200-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ftw.usatoday.com/2020/06/every-nfl-player-who-will-kneel-during-national-anthem">"Every NFL player who has said they'll kneel during the national anthem"</a>. June 17, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Every+NFL+player+who+has+said+they%27ll+kneel+during+the+national+anthem&rft.date=2020-06-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fftw.usatoday.com%2F2020%2F06%2Fevery-nfl-player-who-will-kneel-during-national-anthem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+national+anthem+kneeling+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbssports.com/nba/news/adam-silver-responds-to-nba-players-kneeling-during-anthem-before-first-game-in-disney-bubble/">"Adam Silver responds to NBA players kneeling during anthem before first game in Disney bubble"</a>. cbssports. July 31, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cbssports&rft.atitle=Adam+Silver+responds+to+NBA+players+kneeling+during+anthem+before+first+game+in+Disney+bubble&rft.date=2020-07-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbssports.com%2Fnba%2Fnews%2Fadam-silver-responds-to-nba-players-kneeling-during-anthem-before-first-game-in-disney-bubble%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+national+anthem+kneeling+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWashburn" class="citation news cs1">Washburn, Gary. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180828071305/https://www.bostonglobe.com/sports/celtics/2018/06/04/why-don-players-have-problem-with-nba-national-anthem-policy/RDqhgKaScJL2DPLLSuWiVM/story.html">"Why don't players have a problem with the NBA's national anthem policy?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Boston_Globe" title="The Boston Globe">The Boston Globe</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bostonglobe.com/sports/celtics/2018/06/04/why-don-players-have-problem-with-nba-national-anthem-policy/RDqhgKaScJL2DPLLSuWiVM/story.html">the original</a> on August 28, 2018. Retrieved February 2, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Boston+Globe&rft.atitle=Why+don%27t+players+have+a+problem+with+the+NBA%27s+national+anthem+policy%3F&rft.aulast=Washburn&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bostonglobe.com%2Fsports%2Fceltics%2F2018%2F06%2F04%2Fwhy-don-players-have-problem-with-nba-national-anthem-policy%2FRDqhgKaScJL2DPLLSuWiVM%2Fstory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+national+anthem+kneeling+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbssports.com/nba/news/adam-silver-responds-to-nba-players-kneeling-during-anthem-before-first-game-in-disney-bubble/">"Adam Silver responds to NBA players kneeling during anthem before first game in Disney bubble"</a>. 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CBSSports.com. August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CBSSports.com&rft.atitle=Magic%27s+Jonathan+Isaac+explains+why+he+didn%27t+take+knee+or+wear+Black+Lives+Matter+shirt+Friday&rft.date=2020-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbssports.com%2Fnba%2Fnews%2Fmagics-jonathan-isaac-explains-why-he-didnt-take-knee-or-wear-black-lives-matter-shirt-friday%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+national+anthem+kneeling+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://orlandomagicdaily.com/2020/08/01/jonathan-isaac-chose-stand-reasons-belong/">"Jonathan Isaac chose to stand, his reasons belong to him"</a>. 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August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sports.yahoo.com&rft.atitle=Heat%27s+Meyers+Leonard+stands+for+anthem+with+teammates%27+support&rft.date=2020-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsports.yahoo.com%2Fheats-meyers-leonard-stands-for-anthem-with-teammates-support-174924459.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+national+anthem+kneeling+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2017" class="citation web cs1">Smith, Joe (October 7, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tampabay.com/sports/hockey/lightning/lightnings-jt-brown-raises-fist-in-protest-during-anthem-before-panthers/2340305/">"Lightning's J.T. Brown raises fist in protest during anthem before Panthers game"</a>. tampabay.com. Tampa Bay Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171008080405/http://www.tampabay.com/sports/hockey/lightning/lightnings-jt-brown-raises-fist-in-protest-during-anthem-before-panthers/2340305">Archived</a> from the original on October 8, 2017. Retrieved October 7, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tampabay.com&rft.atitle=Lightning%27s+J.T.+Brown+raises+fist+in+protest+during+anthem+before+Panthers+game&rft.date=2017-10-07&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Joe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tampabay.com%2Fsports%2Fhockey%2Flightning%2Flightnings-jt-brown-raises-fist-in-protest-during-anthem-before-panthers%2F2340305%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+national+anthem+kneeling+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-thescore-209"><a href="#cite_ref-thescore_209-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLivingstone2017" class="citation web cs1">Livingstone, Flip (October 8, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thescore.com/nhl/news/1393535-lightning-s-brown-i-have-received-death-threats-after-protest">"Lightning's Brown: 'I have received death threats' after protest"</a>. <a href="/wiki/TheScore_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="TheScore Inc.">TheScore.com</a>. 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Retrieved October 8, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TheScore.com&rft.atitle=Lightning%27s+Brown%3A+%27I+have+received+death+threats%27+after+protest&rft.date=2017-10-08&rft.aulast=Livingstone&rft.aufirst=Flip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thescore.com%2Fnhl%2Fnews%2F1393535-lightning-s-brown-i-have-received-death-threats-after-protest&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+national+anthem+kneeling+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newscentermaine.com/article/sports/bruins-say-theyll-lock-arms-for-the-national-anthem-as-a-sign-of-solidarity-with-the-black-community/97-67c868cb-c492-4df6-9154-67cec3040897">"Bruins say they'll lock arms for the national anthem 'as a sign of solidarity with the Black community'"</a>. newscentermaine.com. July 28, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=newscentermaine.com&rft.atitle=Bruins+say+they%27ll+lock+arms+for+the+national+anthem+%27as+a+sign+of+solidarity+with+the+Black+community%27&rft.date=2020-07-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newscentermaine.com%2Farticle%2Fsports%2Fbruins-say-theyll-lock-arms-for-the-national-anthem-as-a-sign-of-solidarity-with-the-black-community%2F97-67c868cb-c492-4df6-9154-67cec3040897&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+national+anthem+kneeling+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ftw.usatoday.com/2020/08/matt-dumba-first-nhl-player-to-take-a-knee-during-national-anthem">"Matt Dumba becomes the first NHL player to take a knee during the national anthem"</a>. 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NHL.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NHL.com&rft.atitle=Golden+Knights%2C+Stars+players+kneel+during+anthems+at+Qualifiers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhl.com%2Fnews%2Fgolden-knights-stars-players-kneel-during-anthems%2Fc-317842136&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+national+anthem+kneeling+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor2019" class="citation news cs1">Taylor, Derrick Bryson (August 11, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/11/sports/race-imboden-fencer-kneels.html">"U.S. Fencer, Race Imboden, Takes a Knee at Pan-American Games"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. 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USAToday NFL. Retrieved November 17, 2019. </li> <li id="cite_note-217"><a href="#cite_ref-217">^</a> Andrew Beaton, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/how-russian-trolls-inflamed-nfls-anthem-controversy-1540233979">How Russian Trolls Inflamed the NFL's Anthem Controversy</a>, Wall Street Journal (October 22, 2018). </li> <li id="cite_note-218"><a href="#cite_ref-218">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDevlin_Barrett2017" class="citation web cs1">Devlin Barrett (September 27, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/lawmaker-russian-trolls-trying-to-sow-discord-in-nfl-kneeling-debate/2017/09/27/5f46dce0-a3b0-11e7-ade1-76d061d56efa_story.html">"Lawmaker: Russian trolls trying to sow discord in NFL kneeling debate"</a>. washingtonpost.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171128103832/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/lawmaker-russian-trolls-trying-to-sow-discord-in-nfl-kneeling-debate/2017/09/27/5f46dce0-a3b0-11e7-ade1-76d061d56efa_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 28, 2017. Retrieved December 1, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=washingtonpost.com&rft.atitle=Lawmaker%3A+Russian+trolls+trying+to+sow+discord+in+NFL+kneeling+debate&rft.date=2017-09-27&rft.au=Devlin+Barrett&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2Fnational-security%2Flawmaker-russian-trolls-trying-to-sow-discord-in-nfl-kneeling-debate%2F2017%2F09%2F27%2F5f46dce0-a3b0-11e7-ade1-76d061d56efa_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+national+anthem+kneeling+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-219"><a href="#cite_ref-219">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/russian-trolls-using-nfl-protests-sow-discord-online-republican-senator-n805296">"Russian trolls using NFL protests to sow discord online, GOP senator says"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a>. 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Retrieved December 10, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Russian+trolls+using+NFL+protests+to+sow+discord+online%2C+GOP+senator+says&rft.date=2017-09-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fnews%2Fus-news%2Frussian-trolls-using-nfl-protests-sow-discord-online-republican-senator-n805296&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+national+anthem+kneeling+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-220"><a href="#cite_ref-220">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/russian-internet-trolls-calling-takeaknee-boycottnf-sow-discord/story?id=50132807">"Russian internet trolls pushed national anthem controversy, #TakeAKnee: Senator"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)" title="ABC News (United States)">ABC News</a>. 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Retrieved May 25, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Russian+internet+trolls+pushed+national+anthem+controversy%2C+%23TakeAKnee%3A+Senator&rft.pub=ABC+News&rft.date=2017-09-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FPolitics%2Frussian-internet-trolls-calling-takeaknee-boycottnf-sow-discord%2Fstory%3Fid%3D50132807&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+national+anthem+kneeling+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-221"><a href="#cite_ref-221">^</a> Phillip Ewing, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2017/09/28/554024047/as-scrutiny-of-social-networks-grows-influence-attacks-continue-in-real-time">As Scrutiny Of Social Networks Grows, Influence Attacks Continue In Real Time</a>, NPR (September 28, 2017). </li> <li id="cite_note-222"><a href="#cite_ref-222">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHjelmgaard" class="citation web cs1">Hjelmgaard, Kim. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/nfl/2016/09/05/obama-defends-kaepernicks-national-anthem-protest/89879478/">"24095 924 494 Obama defends Kaepernick's national anthem protest"</a>. <a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160923102513/http://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/nfl/2016/09/05/obama-defends-kaepernicks-national-anthem-protest/89879478/">Archived</a> from the original on September 23, 2016. 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Retrieved November 1, 2020. <q>Trudeau joined the large crowd in kneeling for eight minutes and 46 seconds — which is how long a Minneapolis police officer held down George Floyd with his knee on his neck before he died.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=Trudeau+takes+a+knee+at+anti-racism+protest+on+Parliament+Hill&rft.date=2020-06-05&rft.aulast=Tasker&rft.aufirst=John+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Ftrudeau-anti-racism-parliament-hill-1.5600803&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+national+anthem+kneeling+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-230"><a href="#cite_ref-230">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/news/nike-becomes-first-nfl-sponsor-take-side-trump-vs-nfl-193639102.html">"Nike, an NFL sponsor, takes clear side in Trump vs NFL"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170929000415/https://finance.yahoo.com/news/nike-becomes-first-nfl-sponsor-take-side-trump-vs-nfl-193639102.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 29, 2017. 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Retrieved February 20, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Colin+Kaepernick%3A+A+cultural+star+fast+turning+into+a+global+icon&rft.date=2018-09-07&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Aimee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2018%2F09%2F07%2Fsport%2Fcolin-kaepernick-protest-taking-the-knee-nate-boyer-spt-intl%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+national+anthem+kneeling+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-crab-232"><a href="#cite_ref-crab_232-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrabtree2016" class="citation web cs1">Crabtree, Curtis (September 15, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://profootballtalk.nbcsports.com/2016/09/15/brandon-marshall-picks-up-new-endorsement-after-losing-two-following-anthem-kneel/">"Brandon Marshall picks up new endorsement after losing two following anthem kneel"</a>. 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Retrieved September 21, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brandon+Marshall+picks+up+new+endorsement+after+losing+two+following+anthem+kneel&rft.pub=NBC+Sports&rft.date=2016-09-15&rft.aulast=Crabtree&rft.aufirst=Curtis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fprofootballtalk.nbcsports.com%2F2016%2F09%2F15%2Fbrandon-marshall-picks-up-new-endorsement-after-losing-two-following-anthem-kneel%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+national+anthem+kneeling+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-233"><a href="#cite_ref-233">^</a> Martin, Nick (October 6, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deadspin.com/local-espn-radio-station-to-drop-ecu-game-after-band-pr-1787404764">Local ESPN Radio Station To Drop ECU Game After Band Protest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161007121144/http://deadspin.com/local-espn-radio-station-to-drop-ecu-game-after-band-pr-1787404764">Archived</a> October 7, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. 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Retrieved November 2, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN+Money&rft.atitle=Papa+John%27s+says+NFL+protests+are+hurting+sales&rft.date=2017-11-01&rft.aulast=Meyersohn&rft.aufirst=Nathaniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmoney.cnn.com%2F2017%2F11%2F01%2Fmedia%2Fnfl-papa-johns-protests%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+national+anthem+kneeling+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-235"><a href="#cite_ref-235">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRovell2017" class="citation news cs1">Rovell, Darren (November 1, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/21250448/nfl-sponsor-papa-john-not-happy-anthem-protests">"Papa John's says anthem protests are hurting deal with NFL"</a>. 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NPR.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NPR.org&rft.atitle=Week+In+Sports%3A+NFL+Commissioner+Says+%27We+Were+Wrong%27+About+Kneeling+Protests&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2020%2F06%2F06%2F871404631%2Fweek-in-sports-nfl-commissioner-says-we-were-wrong-about-kneeling-protests&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+national+anthem+kneeling+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-301"><a href="#cite_ref-301">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEpstein2020" class="citation news cs1">Epstein, Jori (August 27, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/nfl/cowboys/2020/08/27/stephen-jones-does-not-back-roger-goodell-colin-kaepernick-stance/5652302002/">"Dallas Cowboys VP Stephen Jones declines chance to back Roger Goodell's stance on Colin Kaepernick's protests"</a>. <a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a>. Retrieved August 29, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Dallas+Cowboys+VP+Stephen+Jones+declines+chance+to+back+Roger+Goodell%27s+stance+on+Colin+Kaepernick%27s+protests&rft.date=2020-08-27&rft.aulast=Epstein&rft.aufirst=Jori&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fsports%2Fnfl%2Fcowboys%2F2020%2F08%2F27%2Fstephen-jones-does-not-back-roger-goodell-colin-kaepernick-stance%2F5652302002%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+national+anthem+kneeling+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._national_anthem_kneeling_protests&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoward_Bryant2018" class="citation book cs1">Howard Bryant (2018). The Heritage: Black Athletes, a Divided America, and the Politics of Patriotism. Beacon Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0807026991" title="Special:BookSources/978-0807026991"><bdi>978-0807026991</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Heritage%3A+Black+Athletes%2C+a+Divided+America%2C+and+the+Politics+of+Patriotism&rft.pub=Beacon+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-0807026991&rft.au=Howard+Bryant&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU.S.+national+anthem+kneeling+protests" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:Black_Lives_Matter" title="Template:Black Lives Matter"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Black_Lives_Matter" title="Template talk:Black Lives Matter"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Black_Lives_Matter" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Black Lives Matter"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Black_Lives_Matter" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter">Black Lives Matter</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Melina_Abdullah" title="Melina Abdullah">Melina Abdullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tay_Anderson" title="Tay Anderson">Tay Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_Brooks" title="Cat Brooks">Cat Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cori_Bush" title="Cori Bush">Cori Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwen_Carr" title="Gwen Carr">Gwen Carr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Crump" title="Benjamin Crump">Benjamin Crump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrisse_Cullors" title="Patrisse Cullors">Patrisse Cullors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aalayah_Eastmond" title="Aalayah Eastmond">Aalayah Eastmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnetta_Elzie" title="Johnetta Elzie">Johnetta Elzie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Franks_Jr." title="Bruce Franks Jr.">Bruce Franks Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darnella_Frazier" title="Darnella Frazier">Darnella Frazier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erica_Garner" title="Erica Garner">Erica Garner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alicia_Garza" title="Alicia Garza">Alicia Garza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elle_Hearns" class="mw-redirect" title="Elle Hearns">Elle Hearns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandy_Hudson" title="Sandy Hudson">Sandy Hudson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blair_Imani" title="Blair Imani">Blair Imani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natalie_Aleta_Jackson" title="Natalie Aleta Jackson">Natalie Aleta Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marissa_Johnson" title="Marissa Johnson">Marissa Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sasha_Johnson" title="Sasha Johnson">Sasha Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jari_Jones" title="Jari Jones">Jari Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tishaura_Jones" title="Tishaura Jones">Tishaura Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariame_Kaba" title="Mariame Kaba">Mariame Kaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Kaepernick" title="Colin Kaepernick">Colin Kaepernick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brittany_Kamai" title="Brittany Kamai">Brittany Kamai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janaya_Khan" title="Janaya Khan">Janaya Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaun_King" title="Shaun King">Shaun King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nekima_Levy_Armstrong" title="Nekima Levy Armstrong">Nekima Levy Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eva_Lewis" title="Eva Lewis">Eva Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamika_Mallory" title="Tamika Mallory">Tamika Mallory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_McHarris" title="Philip McHarris">Philip McHarris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeRay_Mckesson" title="DeRay Mckesson">DeRay Mckesson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhiyidin_Moye" title="Muhiyidin Moye">Muhiyidin Moye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bree_Newsome" title="Bree Newsome">Bree Newsome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikkita_Oliver" title="Nikkita Oliver">Nikkita Oliver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ijeoma_Oluo" title="Ijeoma Oluo">Ijeoma Oluo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brittany_Packnett_Cunningham" title="Brittany Packnett Cunningham">Brittany Packnett Cunningham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Puryear" title="Eugene Puryear">Eugene Puryear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teressa_Raiford" title="Teressa Raiford">Teressa Raiford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jen_Reid" title="Jen Reid">Jen Reid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Sarsour" title="Linda Sarsour">Linda Sarsour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Sharpton" title="Al Sharpton">Al Sharpton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Sinyangwe" title="Samuel Sinyangwe">Samuel Sinyangwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_Stevens" title="Nova Stevens">Nova Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keeanga-Yamahtta_Taylor" title="Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor">Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Thompson_(Minnesota_politician)" title="John Thompson (Minnesota politician)">John Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ay%E1%BB%8D_Tometi" title="Ayọ Tometi">Ayọ Tometi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assa_Traor%C3%A9" title="Assa Traoré">Assa Traoré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrus_Marcus_Ware" title="Syrus Marcus Ware">Syrus Marcus Ware</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferguson_unrest" title="Ferguson unrest">Ferguson unrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Baltimore_protests" title="2015 Baltimore protests">2015 Baltimore protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015%E2%80%932016_University_of_Missouri_protests" title="2015–2016 University of Missouri protests">2015–2016 University of Missouri protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dismissal_of_Robert_Rialmo" title="Dismissal of Robert Rialmo">Dismissal of Robert Rialmo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Donald_Trump_Chicago_rally_protest" title="2016 Donald Trump Chicago rally protest">2016 Donald Trump Chicago rally protest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_St._Louis_protests" title="2017 St. Louis protests">2017 St. Louis protests</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breonna_Taylor_protests" title="Breonna Taylor protests">Breonna Taylor protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests" title="George Floyd protests">George Floyd protests</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_changes_made_due_to_the_George_Floyd_protests" title="List of changes made due to the George Floyd protests">changes made</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_name_changes_due_to_the_George_Floyd_protests" title="List of name changes due to the George Floyd protests">name changes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monuments_and_memorials_removed_during_the_George_Floyd_protests" title="List of monuments and memorials removed during the George Floyd protests">removal of monuments and memorials</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_the_George_Floyd_protests" title="Reactions to the George Floyd protests">reactions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Derek_Chauvin" title="Trial of Derek Chauvin">trial of Derek Chauvin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_and_controversies_during_the_George_Floyd_protests" title="Violence and controversies during the George Floyd protests">violence and controversies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_photo_op_at_St._John%27s_Church" title="Donald Trump photo op at St. John's Church">Donald Trump photo op at St. John's Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_police_violence_incidents_during_George_Floyd_protests" title="List of police violence incidents during George Floyd protests">police violence incidents</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_police_shoving_incident" title="Buffalo police shoving incident">Buffalo police shoving incident</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_gun-toting_incident" title="St. Louis gun-toting incident">St. Louis gun-toting incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vehicle-ramming_incidents_during_George_Floyd_protests" title="List of vehicle-ramming incidents during George Floyd protests">vehicle-ramming incidents</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Birders_Week" title="Black Birders Week">Black Birders Week</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackout_Tuesday" title="Blackout Tuesday">Blackout Tuesday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitol_Hill_Occupied_Protest" title="Capitol Hill Occupied Protest">Capitol Hill Occupied Protest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strike_for_Black_Lives_(academic_protest)" title="Strike for Black Lives (academic protest)">Academic strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strike_for_Black_Lives_(coalition_protest)" title="Strike for Black Lives (coalition protest)">General strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenosha_unrest" title="Kenosha unrest">Kenosha unrest</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kenosha_unrest_shooting" title="Kenosha unrest shooting">shooting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_American_athlete_strikes" title="2020 American athlete strikes">Athlete strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Minneapolis_false_rumors_riot" title="2020 Minneapolis false rumors riot">2020 Minneapolis false rumors riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932023_Minneapolis%E2%80%93Saint_Paul_racial_unrest" title="2020–2023 Minneapolis–Saint Paul racial unrest">2020–2023 Minneapolis–Saint Paul racial unrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orisha_Land" title="Orisha Land">Orisha Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daunte_Wright_protests" title="Daunte Wright protests">Daunte Wright protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Uptown_Minneapolis_unrest" title="2021 Uptown Minneapolis unrest">2021 Uptown Minneapolis unrest</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Deona_Marie_Knajdek" title="Killing of Deona Marie Knajdek">vehicle-ramming attack</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyre_Nichols_protests" title="Tyre Nichols protests">Tyre Nichols protests</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_protests_in_New_York_City" title="Black Lives Matter protests in New York City">Protests in New York City</a></li> <li>List of George Floyd protests <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_George_Floyd_protests_in_the_United_States" title="List of George Floyd protests in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_George_Floyd_protests_outside_the_United_States" title="List of George Floyd protests outside the United States">outside the United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Daunte_Wright_protests" title="List of Daunte Wright protests">List of Daunte Wright protests</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_unarmed_African_Americans_killed_by_law_enforcement_officers_in_the_United_States" title="List of unarmed African Americans killed by law enforcement officers in the United States">Deaths protested</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2009–2011</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Oscar_Grant" title="Killing of Oscar Grant">Oscar Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Aiyana_Jones" title="Killing of Aiyana Jones">Aiyana Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_James_Craig_Anderson" title="Murder of James Craig Anderson">James Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Mark_Duggan" title="Killing of Mark Duggan">Mark Duggan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Kenneth_Chamberlain_Sr." title="Killing of Kenneth Chamberlain Sr.">Kenneth Chamberlain Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Anthony_Lamar_Smith" title="Killing of Anthony Lamar Smith">Anthony Lamar Smith</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2012–2013</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Ramarley_Graham" title="Killing of Ramarley Graham">Ramarley Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Trayvon_Martin" title="Killing of Trayvon Martin">Trayvon Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Rekia_Boyd" title="Killing of Rekia Boyd">Rekia Boyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Jordan_Davis" title="Murder of Jordan Davis">Jordan Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Timothy_Russell_and_Malissa_Williams" title="Killing of Timothy Russell and Malissa Williams">Timothy Russell and Malissa Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Tyrone_West" title="Death of Tyrone West">Tyrone West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Larry_Jackson_Jr." title="Killing of Larry Jackson Jr.">Larry Jackson Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Jonathan_Ferrell" title="Killing of Jonathan Ferrell">Jonathan Ferrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Miriam_Carey" title="Killing of Miriam Carey">Miriam Carey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Renisha_McBride" title="Murder of Renisha McBride">Renisha McBride</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2014</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Dontre_Hamilton" title="Killing of Dontre Hamilton">Dontre Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Eric_Garner" title="Killing of Eric Garner">Eric Garner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_John_Crawford_III" title="Killing of John Crawford III">John Crawford III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Michael_Brown" title="Killing of Michael Brown">Michael Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Ezell_Ford" title="Killing of Ezell Ford">Ezell Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Laquan_McDonald" title="Murder of Laquan McDonald">Laquan McDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Akai_Gurley" title="Killing of Akai Gurley">Akai Gurley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Tamir_Rice" title="Killing of Tamir Rice">Tamir Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Antonio_Martin" title="Killing of Antonio Martin">Antonio Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Jerame_Reid" title="Killing of Jerame Reid">Jerame Reid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2015</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Natasha_McKenna" title="Death of Natasha McKenna">Natasha McKenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Charley_Leundeu_Keunang" title="Killing of Charley Leundeu Keunang">Charley Leundeu Keunang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Tony_Robinson" title="Killing of Tony Robinson">Tony Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Anthony_Hill" title="Killing of Anthony Hill">Anthony Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Meagan_Hockaday" title="Killing of Meagan Hockaday">Meagan Hockaday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Eric_Harris" title="Killing of Eric Harris">Eric Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Walter_Scott" title="Killing of Walter Scott">Walter Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Freddie_Gray" title="Killing of Freddie Gray">Freddie Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_William_Chapman" title="Killing of William Chapman">William Chapman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charleston_church_shooting" title="Charleston church shooting">Charleston church shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Jonathan_Sanders" title="Death of Jonathan Sanders">Jonathan Sanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Sandra_Bland" title="Death of Sandra Bland">Sandra Bland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Samuel_DuBose" title="Killing of Samuel DuBose">Samuel DuBose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Mansur_Ball-Bey" title="Killing of Mansur Ball-Bey">Mansur Ball-Bey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Jeremy_McDole" title="Killing of Jeremy McDole">Jeremy McDole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Corey_Jones" title="Killing of Corey Jones">Corey Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Jamar_Clark" title="Killing of Jamar Clark">Jamar Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Woods" class="mw-redirect" title="Mario Woods">Mario Woods</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2016</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Greg_Gunn" title="Killing of Greg Gunn">Greg Gunn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Alton_Sterling" title="Killing of Alton Sterling">Alton Sterling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Philando_Castile" title="Killing of Philando Castile">Philando Castile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Joseph_Mann" title="Killing of Joseph Mann">Joseph Mann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Adama_Traor%C3%A9" title="Death of Adama Traoré">Adama Traoré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Abdirahman_Abdi" title="Death of Abdirahman Abdi">Abdirahman Abdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Paul_O%27Neal" title="Killing of Paul O'Neal">Paul O'Neal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Korryn_Gaines" title="Killing of Korryn Gaines">Korryn Gaines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Jamarion_Robinson" title="Killing of Jamarion Robinson">Jamarion Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylville_Smith" class="mw-redirect" title="Sylville Smith">Sylville Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Elijah_Doughty" title="Death of Elijah Doughty">Elijah Doughty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Terence_Crutcher" title="Killing of Terence Crutcher">Terence Crutcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Keith_Lamont_Scott" title="Killing of Keith Lamont Scott">Keith Lamont Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Alfred_Olango" title="Killing of Alfred Olango">Alfred Olango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Deborah_Danner" title="Killing of Deborah Danner">Deborah Danner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2017</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Jocques_Clemmons" title="Killing of Jocques Clemmons">Jocques Clemmons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Jordan_Edwards" title="Murder of Jordan Edwards">Jordan Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Edson_Da_Costa" title="Death of Edson Da Costa">Edson Da Costa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Rashan_Charles" title="Death of Rashan Charles">Rashan Charles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Patrick_Harmon" title="Killing of Patrick Harmon">Patrick Harmon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2018</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Anthony_Weber" title="Killing of Anthony Weber">Anthony Weber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Stephon_Clark" title="Killing of Stephon Clark">Stephon Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Marcus-David_Peters" title="Killing of Marcus-David Peters">Marcus-David Peters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Antwon_Rose_Jr." title="Killing of Antwon Rose Jr.">Antwon Rose Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Markeis_McGlockton" title="Killing of Markeis McGlockton">Markeis McGlockton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Daniel_Hambrick" title="Killing of Daniel Hambrick">Daniel Hambrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Botham_Jean" title="Murder of Botham Jean">Botham Jean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Tamla_Horsford" title="Death of Tamla Horsford">Tamla Horsford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Jemel_Roberson" title="Killing of Jemel Roberson">Jemel Roberson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Emantic_Fitzgerald_Bradford_Jr." title="Killing of Emantic Fitzgerald Bradford Jr.">EJ Bradford Jr.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2019</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_George_Robinson" title="Killing of George Robinson">George Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Willie_McCoy" title="Killing of Willie McCoy">Willie McCoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Danquirs_Franklin" title="Killing of Danquirs Franklin">Danquirs Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Javier_Ambler" title="Killing of Javier Ambler">Javier Ambler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Lassana_Cisse" title="Murder of Lassana Cisse">Lassana Cisse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Ronald_Greene" title="Killing of Ronald Greene">Ronald Greene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Pamela_Turner" title="Killing of Pamela Turner">Pamela Turner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Layleen_Polanco" title="Death of Layleen Polanco">Layleen Polanco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Shukri_Abdi" title="Death of Shukri Abdi">Shukri Abdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Christopher_Kapessa" title="Death of Christopher Kapessa">Christopher Kapessa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Elijah_McClain" title="Killing of Elijah McClain">Elijah McClain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Atatiana_Jefferson" title="Killing of Atatiana Jefferson">Atatiana Jefferson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Alvin_Cole" title="Killing of Alvin Cole">Alvin Cole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery" title="Murder of Ahmaud Arbery">Ahmaud Arbery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Manuel_Ellis" title="Killing of Manuel Ellis">Manuel Ellis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Breonna_Taylor" title="Killing of Breonna Taylor">Breonna Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Daniel_Prude" title="Killing of Daniel Prude">Daniel Prude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Nina_Pop" title="Killing of Nina Pop">Nina Pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_George_Floyd" title="Murder of George Floyd">George Floyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Dion_Johnson" title="Killing of Dion Johnson">Dion Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Tony_McDade" title="Killing of Tony McDade">Tony McDade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Regis_Korchinski-Paquet" title="Death of Regis Korchinski-Paquet">Regis Korchinski-Paquet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_James_Scurlock" title="Killing of James Scurlock">James Scurlock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_David_McAtee" title="Killing of David McAtee">David McAtee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murders_of_Oluwatoyin_Salau_and_Victoria_Sims" title="Murders of Oluwatoyin Salau and Victoria Sims">Oluwatoyin Salau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Carlos_Carson" title="Killing of Carlos Carson">Carlos Carson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Rayshard_Brooks" title="Killing of Rayshard Brooks">Rayshard Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Julian_Lewis" title="Killing of Julian Lewis">Julian Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Dijon_Kizzee" title="Killing of Dijon Kizzee">Dijon Kizzee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Marcellis_Stinnette" title="Killing of Marcellis Stinnette">Marcellis Stinnette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Chaniece_Wallace" title="Death of Chaniece Wallace">Chaniece Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Walter_Wallace" title="Killing of Walter Wallace">Walter Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Andre_Hill" title="Murder of Andre Hill">Andre Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Dolal_Idd" title="Killing of Dolal Idd">Dolal Idd</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2021</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Marvin_Scott" title="Death of Marvin Scott">Marvin Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Adam_Toledo" title="Killing of Adam Toledo">Adam Toledo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Daunte_Wright" title="Killing of Daunte Wright">Daunte Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Lindani_Myeni" title="Killing of Lindani Myeni">Lindani Myeni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Ma%27Khia_Bryant" title="Killing of Ma'Khia Bryant">Ma'Khia Bryant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Andrew_Brown_Jr." title="Killing of Andrew Brown Jr.">Andrew Brown Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Winston_Boogie_Smith" title="Killing of Winston Boogie Smith">Winston Boogie Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Leneal_Frazier" title="Killing of Leneal Frazier">Leneal Frazier</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2022</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Amir_Locke" title="Killing of Amir Locke">Amir Locke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Patrick_Lyoya" title="Killing of Patrick Lyoya">Patrick Lyoya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Jayland_Walker" title="Killing of Jayland Walker">Jayland Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Donovan_Lewis" title="Killing of Donovan Lewis">Donovan Lewis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2023</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Keenan_Anderson" title="Death of Keenan Anderson">Keenan Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Tyre_Nichols" title="Killing of Tyre Nichols">Tyre Nichols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Irvo_Otieno" title="Killing of Irvo Otieno">Irvo Otieno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Jordan_Neely" title="Killing of Jordan Neely">Jordan Neely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Ricky_Cobb_II" title="Killing of Ricky Cobb II">Ricky Cobb II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Johnny_Hollman" title="Killing of Johnny Hollman">Johnny Hollman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Ta%27Kiya_Young" title="Killing of Ta'Kiya Young">Ta'Kiya Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Leonard_Cure" title="Killing of Leonard Cure">Leonard Cure</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2024</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Dexter_Reed" title="Killing of Dexter Reed">Dexter Reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Roger_Fortson" title="Killing of Roger Fortson">Roger Fortson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Sonya_Massey" title="Killing of Sonya Massey">Sonya Massey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%">Other cases protested</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalief_Browder" title="Kalief Browder">Kalief Browder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Texas_pool_party_incident" title="2015 Texas pool party incident">2015 Texas pool party incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_of_Charles_Kinsey" title="Shooting of Charles Kinsey">Shooting of Charles Kinsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_of_Jacob_Blake" title="Shooting of Jacob Blake">Shooting of Jacob Blake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_of_Ralph_Yarl" title="Shooting of Ralph Yarl">Shooting of Ralph Yarl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rankin_County_torture_incident" title="Rankin County torture incident">Rankin County torture incident</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_movement_in_popular_culture" title="Black Lives Matter movement in popular culture">In popular culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_art" title="Black Lives Matter art">Art</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_art_in_New_York_City" title="Black Lives Matter art in New York City">New York City</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bust_of_George_Floyd" title="Bust of George Floyd">Bust of George Floyd</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_art_in_Portland,_Oregon" title="Black Lives Matter art in Portland, Oregon">Portland, Oregon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_mural_(Portland,_Oregon)" title="George Floyd mural (Portland, Oregon)">George Floyd mural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/We_Stand_with_You" title="We Stand with You">We Stand with You</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Say_Their_Names" title="Say Their Names">Say Their Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_Floyd" title="Statue of George Floyd">Statue of George Floyd</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;wide"><tbody><tr><th id="Street_murals" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Black_Lives_Matter_street_murals" title="List of Black Lives Matter street murals">Street murals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_street_mural_(Cincinnati)" title="Black Lives Matter street mural (Cincinnati)">Cincinnati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_street_mural_(Indianapolis)" title="Black Lives Matter street mural (Indianapolis)">Indianapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_street_mural_(Portland,_Oregon)" title="Black Lives Matter street mural (Portland, Oregon)">Portland, Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_street_mural_(Salt_Lake_City)" title="Black Lives Matter street mural (Salt Lake City)">Salt Lake City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_street_mural_(Santa_Cruz,_California)" title="Black Lives Matter street mural (Santa Cruz, California)">Santa Cruz, California</a></li> <li>Seattle <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_street_mural_(Capitol_Hill,_Seattle)" title="Black Lives Matter street mural (Capitol Hill, Seattle)">Capitol Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_street_mural_(Seattle_City_Hall)" title="Black Lives Matter street mural (Seattle City Hall)">City Hall</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_street_mural_(Springfield,_Massachusetts)" title="Black Lives Matter street mural (Springfield, Massachusetts)">Springfield, Massachusetts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_American_Boys" title="All American Boys">All American Boys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Software" title="Black Software">Black Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackout_(young_adult_novel)" title="Blackout (young adult novel)">Blackout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brit(ish)" title="Brit(ish)">Brit(ish)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dear_Martin" title="Dear Martin">Dear Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hate_U_Give" title="The Hate U Give">The Hate U Give</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/His_Name_Is_George_Floyd" title="His Name Is George Floyd">His Name Is George Floyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I_Can%27t_Breathe:_A_Killing_on_Bay_Street" title="I Can't Breathe: A Killing on Bay Street">I Can't Breathe: A Killing on Bay Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rest_in_Power:_The_Enduring_Life_of_Trayvon_Martin" title="Rest in Power: The Enduring Life of Trayvon Martin">Rest in Power: The Enduring Life of Trayvon Martin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Film</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/16_Shots" title="16 Shots">16 Shots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_1/2_Minutes,_10_Bullets" title="3 1/2 Minutes, 10 Bullets">3 1/2 Minutes, 10 Bullets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Son_(2019_film)" title="American Son (2019 film)">American Son</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bars4Justice" title="Bars4Justice">Bars4Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruitvale_Station_(film)" title="Fruitvale Station (film)">Fruitvale Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generation_Revolution" title="Generation Revolution">Generation Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hate_U_Give_(film)" title="The Hate U Give (film)">The Hate U Give</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rest_in_Power:_The_Trayvon_Martin_Story" title="Rest in Power: The Trayvon Martin Story">Rest in Power: The Trayvon Martin Story</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stay_Woke:_The_Black_Lives_Matter_Movement" title="Stay Woke: The Black Lives Matter Movement">Stay Woke: The Black Lives Matter Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stranger_Fruit_(film)" title="Stranger Fruit (film)">Stranger Fruit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_Distant_Strangers" title="Two Distant Strangers">Two Distant Strangers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whose_Streets%3F" title="Whose Streets?">Whose Streets?</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Alright_(Kendrick_Lamar_song)" title="Alright (Kendrick Lamar song)">Alright</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Angel_Down_(song)" title="Angel Down (song)">Angel Down</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Bigger_Picture_(song)" title="The Bigger Picture (song)">The Bigger Picture</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Black_Parade_(song)" title="Black Parade (song)">Black Parade</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Can%27t_Put_It_in_the_Hands_of_Fate" title="Can't Put It in the Hands of Fate">Can't Put It in the Hands of Fate</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Chains_(Usher_song)" title="Chains (Usher song)">Chains</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Cop_vs._Phone_Girl" title="Cop vs. Phone Girl">Cop vs. Phone Girl</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Shoot_(The_Game_song)" title="Don't Shoot (The Game song)">Don't Shoot</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Formation_(song)" title="Formation (song)">Formation</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Freedom_(Beyonc%C3%A9_song)" title="Freedom (Beyoncé song)">Freedom</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Hell_You_Talmbout" title="Hell You Talmbout">Hell You Talmbout</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Can%27t_Breathe_(H.E.R._song)" title="I Can't Breathe (H.E.R. song)">I Can't Breathe</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Lavender_(Nightfall_Remix)" title="Lavender (Nightfall Remix)">Lavender (Nightfall Remix)</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Loyal_Like_Sid_%26_Nancy" title="Loyal Like Sid & Nancy">Loyal Like Sid & Nancy</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Otherside_of_America" title="Otherside of America">Otherside of America</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Riot_(XXXTentacion_song)" title="Riot (XXXTentacion song)">Riot</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Rockstar_(DaBaby_song)" title="Rockstar (DaBaby song)">Rockstar (BLM Remix)</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Seven_Last_Words_of_the_Unarmed" title="The Seven Last Words of the Unarmed">The Seven Last Words of the Unarmed</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Snow_on_tha_Bluff_(song)" title="Snow on tha Bluff (song)">Snow on tha Bluff</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/This_Is_America_(song)" title="This Is America (song)">This Is America</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/What_They%27ll_Say_About_Us" title="What They'll Say About Us">What They'll Say About Us</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/White_Privilege_II" title="White Privilege II">White Privilege II</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colin_in_Black_%26_White" title="Colin in Black & White">Colin in Black & White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8:46_(special)" title="8:46 (special)">8:46</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Holding_a_Black_Lives_Matter_Sign_in_America%27s_Most_Racist_Town" title="Holding a Black Lives Matter Sign in America's Most Racist Town">Holding a Black Lives Matter Sign in America's Most Racist Town</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Ferguson" title="Our Lady of Ferguson">Our Lady of Ferguson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taking_a_Stand_in_Baton_Rouge" title="Taking a Stand in Baton Rouge">Taking a Stand in Baton Rouge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woke_(TV_series)" title="Woke (TV series)">Woke (TV series)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%">Activist groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/8_to_Abolition" title="8 to Abolition">8 to Abolition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assata%27s_Daughters" title="Assata's Daughters">Assata's Daughters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Feminist_Future" title="Black Feminist Future">Black Feminist Future</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_Global_Network_Foundation" title="Black Lives Matter Global Network Foundation">Black Lives Matter Global Network Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Visions_Collective" title="Black Visions Collective">Black Visions Collective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BlackinChem" title="BlackinChem">BlackinChem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BYP100" title="BYP100">BYP100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_Zero" title="Campaign Zero">Campaign Zero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Shoot_Portland" title="Don't Shoot Portland">Don't Shoot Portland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millennial_Activists_United" title="Millennial Activists United">Millennial Activists United</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mothers_of_Gynecology_Movement" title="Mothers of Gynecology Movement">Mothers of Gynecology Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mothers_of_the_Movement" title="Mothers of the Movement">Mothers of the Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_for_Black_Lives" title="Movement for Black Lives">Movement for Black Lives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peoples_Power_Assemblies" title="Peoples Power Assemblies">Peoples Power Assemblies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SayHerName" title="SayHerName">#SayHerName</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_Cop_City" title="Stop Cop City">Stop Cop City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_Riders_NYC" title="Street Riders NYC">Street Riders NYC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taking_the_Initiative_Party" title="Taking the Initiative Party">Taking the Initiative Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wall_of_Moms" title="Wall of Moms">Wall of Moms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Coats_for_Black_Lives" title="White Coats for Black Lives">White Coats for Black Lives</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%">Proposed legislation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BREATHE_Act" title="BREATHE Act">BREATHE Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commission_for_Diversity_in_the_Public_Realm" title="Commission for Diversity in the Public Realm">Commission for Diversity in the Public Realm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ending_Qualified_Immunity_Act" title="Ending Qualified Immunity Act">Ending Qualified Immunity Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_Justice_in_Policing_Act" title="George Floyd Justice in Policing Act">George Floyd Justice in Policing Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_Law_Enforcement_Trust_and_Integrity_Act" title="George Floyd Law Enforcement Trust and Integrity Act">George Floyd Law Enforcement Trust and Integrity Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAFE-T_Act" title="SAFE-T Act">Safety, Accountability, Fairness and Equity-Today Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_police_reforms_related_to_the_George_Floyd_protests" title="List of police reforms related to the George Floyd protests">List of police reforms related to the George Floyd protests</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%">Groups associated with opposition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_Lives_Matter" title="All Lives Matter">All Lives Matter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alt-right" title="Alt-right">Alt-right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Guns_Matter" title="Black Guns Matter">Black Guns Matter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Lives_Matter" title="Blue Lives Matter">Blue Lives Matter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_Front" title="Patriot Front">Patriot Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia_and_Black_Lives_Matter" title="Russia and Black Lives Matter">Russian disinformation campaigns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidency of Donald Trump">Trump administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Citizens%27_Alarm" title="United Citizens' Alarm">United Citizens' Alarm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Lives_Matter" title="White Lives Matter">White Lives Matter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_deployment_of_federal_forces_in_the_United_States" title="2020 deployment of federal forces in the United States">2020 deployment of federal forces in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932023_United_States_racial_unrest" class="mw-redirect" title="2020–2023 United States racial unrest">2020–2023 United States racial unrest</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_incidents_and_protests_of_the_2020%E2%80%932023_United_States_racial_unrest" class="mw-redirect" title="List of incidents and protests of the 2020–2023 United States racial unrest">list of incidents</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_Plaza" title="Black Lives Matter Plaza">Black Lives Matter Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_maternal_mortality_in_the_United_States" title="Black maternal mortality in the United States">Black maternal mortality in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_stereotype_of_African_Americans" title="Criminal stereotype of African Americans">Criminal stereotype of African Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defund_the_police" title="Defund the police">Defund the police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driving_while_black" title="Driving while black">Driving while black</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Running_while_Black" title="Running while Black">Running while Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shopping_while_black" title="Shopping while black">shopping while black</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferguson_effect" title="Ferguson effect">Ferguson effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_Square" title="George Floyd Square">George Floyd Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hands_up,_don%27t_shoot" title="Hands up, don't shoot">Hands up, don't shoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I_can%27t_breathe" title="I can't breathe">I can't breathe</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">National anthem protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_brutality_against_Native_Americans#Native_Lives_Matter" title="Police brutality against Native Americans">Native Lives Matter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_justice,_no_peace" title="No justice, no peace">No justice, no peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_abolition_movement" title="Police abolition movement">Police abolition movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Minneapolis_Question_2" title="2021 Minneapolis Question 2">2021 Minneapolis Question 2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_accountability" title="Police accountability">Police accountability</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_wall_of_silence" title="Blue wall of silence">blue wall of silence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gypsy_cop" class="mw-redirect" title="Gypsy cop">gypsy cops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_perjury" title="Police perjury">police perjury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qualified_immunity" title="Qualified immunity">qualified immunity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_brutality_in_the_United_States" title="Police brutality in the United States">Police brutality</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Militarization_of_police#21st_Century" title="Militarization of police">militarization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pain_compliance" title="Pain compliance">pain compliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_use_of_deadly_force_in_the_United_States" title="Police use of deadly force in the United States">use of deadly force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use_of_torture_by_police_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Use of torture by police in the United States">use of torture</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_misconduct" title="Police misconduct">Police misconduct</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/False_arrest#United_States" title="False arrest">false arrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_profiling_in_the_United_States" title="Racial profiling in the United States">racial profiling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ticket_quota" title="Ticket quota">ticket quota</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_bias_in_criminal_news_in_the_United_States" title="Racial bias in criminal news in the United States">Racial bias in criminal news</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rest_in_power" title="Rest in power">Rest in power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Save_the_Boards" title="Save the Boards">Save the Boards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taking_the_knee" title="Taking the knee">Taking the knee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_stop" title="Terry stop">Terry stop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_talk_(racism_in_the_United_States)" title="The talk (racism in the United States)">The talk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woke" title="Woke">Woke</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#eeeeee;"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Black_Lives_Matter" title="Category:Black Lives Matter">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=U.S._national_anthem_kneeling_protests&oldid=1257962458">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=U.S._national_anthem_kneeling_protests&oldid=1257962458</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:U.S._national_anthem_protests_(2016%E2%80%93present)" title="Category:U.S. national anthem protests (2016–present)">U.S. national anthem protests (2016–present)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2016_beginnings" title="Category:2016 beginnings">2016 beginnings</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2016_controversies_in_the_United_States" title="Category:2016 controversies in the United States">2016 controversies in the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2016_in_American_sports" title="Category:2016 in American sports">2016 in American sports</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2016_protests" title="Category:2016 protests">2016 protests</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2017_controversies_in_the_United_States" title="Category:2017 controversies in the United States">2017 controversies in the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2017_in_American_sports" title="Category:2017 in American sports">2017 in American sports</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2017_protests" title="Category:2017 protests">2017 protests</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2018_protests" title="Category:2018 protests">2018 protests</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2018_in_American_sports" title="Category:2018 in American sports">2018 in American sports</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2018_controversies_in_the_United_States" title="Category:2018 controversies in the United States">2018 controversies in the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2019_protests" title="Category:2019 protests">2019 protests</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2019_in_American_sports" title="Category:2019 in American sports">2019 in American sports</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2019_controversies_in_the_United_States" title="Category:2019 controversies in the United States">2019 controversies in the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2020_protests" title="Category:2020 protests">2020 protests</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2020_in_American_sports" title="Category:2020 in American sports">2020 in American sports</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2020_controversies_in_the_United_States" title="Category:2020 controversies in the United States">2020 controversies in the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2021_protests" title="Category:2021 protests">2021 protests</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2021_in_American_sports" title="Category:2021 in American sports">2021 in American sports</a></li><li><a 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