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<li id="toc-December_2014" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#December_2014"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 December 2014 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-December_2014-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-March_2015" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#March_2015"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 March 2015 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-March_2015-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-April_2015" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#April_2015"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.7 April 2015 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-April_2015-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-August_2015" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#August_2015"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.8 August 2015 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-August_2015-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-August_2016" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#August_2016"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.9 August 2016 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-August_2016-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Related_incidents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_incidents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Related incidents </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Related_incidents-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Related incidents subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Related_incidents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ray_Albers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ray_Albers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Ray Albers </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ray_Albers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kajieme_Powell" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kajieme_Powell"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Kajieme Powell </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kajieme_Powell-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dan_Page" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dan_Page"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Dan Page </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dan_Page-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Matthew_Pappert" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Matthew_Pappert"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Matthew Pappert </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Matthew_Pappert-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lawsuit_against_police_and_local_governments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lawsuit_against_police_and_local_governments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Lawsuit against police and local governments </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lawsuit_against_police_and_local_governments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vonderrit_Myers_Jr." class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vonderrit_Myers_Jr."> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 Vonderrit Myers Jr. </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vonderrit_Myers_Jr.-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Antonio_Martin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antonio_Martin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.7 Antonio Martin </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antonio_Martin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jeffrey_L._Williams" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jeffrey_L._Williams"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.8 Jeffrey L. Williams </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jeffrey_L._Williams-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tyrone_Harris_Jr." class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tyrone_Harris_Jr."> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.9 Tyrone Harris Jr. </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tyrone_Harris_Jr.-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_deaths_of_protestors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_deaths_of_protestors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Later deaths of protestors </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_deaths_of_protestors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Related_developments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_developments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Related developments </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Related_developments-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Related developments subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Related_developments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Town_hall_meetings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Town_hall_meetings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Town hall meetings </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Town_hall_meetings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voter_registration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voter_registration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Voter registration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voter_registration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ferguson_PR_sub-contractor_fired" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ferguson_PR_sub-contractor_fired"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Ferguson PR sub-contractor fired </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ferguson_PR_sub-contractor_fired-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Injunction_against_"keep_moving"_rule_at_peaceful_protests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Injunction_against_"keep_moving"_rule_at_peaceful_protests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Injunction against "keep moving" rule at peaceful protests </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Injunction_against_"keep_moving"_rule_at_peaceful_protests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rebuilding_process" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rebuilding_process"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 Rebuilding process </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rebuilding_process-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philanthropy_help" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philanthropy_help"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.6 Philanthropy help </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philanthropy_help-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_police_chief_named" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_police_chief_named"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.7 New police chief named </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_police_chief_named-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Racial_context" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Racial_context"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Racial context </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Racial_context-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reactions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reactions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Reactions </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Reactions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Reactions subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Reactions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-In_the_United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_the_United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 In the United States </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_the_United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Federal_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Federal_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1.1 Federal government </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Federal_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Supreme_Court_Justices" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Supreme_Court_Justices"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1.2 Supreme Court Justices </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Supreme_Court_Justices-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Missouri_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Missouri_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1.3 Missouri government </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Missouri_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Local_authorities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_authorities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1.4 Local authorities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local_authorities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brown_family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brown_family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1.5 Brown family </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brown_family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Polls" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Polls"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1.6 Polls </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Polls-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Third_parties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Third_parties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1.7 Third parties </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Third_parties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_reactions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_reactions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 International reactions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_reactions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Others" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Others"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Others </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Others-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Gallery </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Ferguson unrest</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 24 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" > 24 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B6%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86_2014" title="اضطرابات فيرجسون 2014 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اضطرابات فيرجسون 2014" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desordres_de_Ferguson_del_2014" title="Desordres de Ferguson del 2014 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Desordres de Ferguson del 2014" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fergusoni_rahutused" title="Fergusoni rahutused – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Fergusoni rahutused" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des%C3%B3rdenes_en_Ferguson_de_2014" title="Desórdenes en Ferguson de 2014 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Desórdenes en Ferguson de 2014" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%81%D8%B1%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%86" title="ناآرامی‌های فرگوسن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ناآرامی‌های فرگوسن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manifestations_de_Ferguson" title="Manifestations de Ferguson – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Manifestations de Ferguson" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8D%BC%EA%B1%B0%EC%8A%A8_%EB%B6%88%EC%98%A8%EC%82%AC%ED%83%9C" title="퍼거슨 불온사태 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="퍼거슨 불온사태" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B6%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A3%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80_%D5%96%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A3%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Անկարգություններ Ֆերգյուսոնում – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Անկարգություններ Ֆերգյուսոնում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1" title="फ़र्गसन कांड – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="फ़र्गसन कांड" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerusuhan_Ferguson" title="Kerusuhan Ferguson – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kerusuhan Ferguson" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%93%D7%A8_%D7%91%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9F_(2014)" title="הפרות הסדר בפרגוסון (2014) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הפרות הסדר בפרגוסון (2014)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%8E%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D2%9B%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B_(2014)" title="Фергюсон қарсылықтары (2014) – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Фергюсон қарсылықтары (2014)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machafuko_ya_Ferguson" title="Machafuko ya Ferguson – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Machafuko ya Ferguson" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusuhan_Ferguson" title="Rusuhan Ferguson – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Rusuhan Ferguson" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AC%E3%82%BD%E3%83%B3%E6%9A%B4%E5%8B%95" title="ファーガソン暴動 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ファーガソン暴動" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumultos_em_Ferguson_em_2014" title="Tumultos em Ferguson em 2014 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tumultos em Ferguson em 2014" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Беспорядки в Фергусоне – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Беспорядки в Фергусоне" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferguson_unrest" title="Ferguson unrest – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ferguson unrest" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neredi_u_Fergusonu" title="Neredi u Fergusonu – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Neredi u Fergusonu" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fergusonin_mellakat" 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Aftermath of the shooting of Michael Brown on August 9, 2014 in Ferguson, Missouri</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the aftermath of the shooting of Michael Brown. For coverage of events immediately surrounding the shooting, see <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Michael_Brown" title="Killing of Michael Brown">Killing of Michael Brown</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing: 2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="background-color:#CEE0F2;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">2014 Ferguson unrest</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background-color:#eeeeee;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Lives Matter movement">Black Lives Matter movement</a> and reactions to the <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Michael_Brown" title="Killing of Michael Brown">Killing of Michael Brown</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa; line-height: 1.5em;"><a href="/wiki/File:Ferguson_Day_6,_Picture_44.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Ferguson_Day_6%2C_Picture_44.png/310px-Ferguson_Day_6%2C_Picture_44.png" decoding="async" width="310" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Ferguson_Day_6%2C_Picture_44.png/465px-Ferguson_Day_6%2C_Picture_44.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Ferguson_Day_6%2C_Picture_44.png/620px-Ferguson_Day_6%2C_Picture_44.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="664" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="padding:0.35em 0.35em 0.25em;line-height:1.25em;">Police officers using <a href="/wiki/Tear_gas" title="Tear gas">tear gas</a> on protesters</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Date</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">First wave: August 10–25, 2014<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> Second wave: November 24<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> – December 2, 2014 (2014-12-02)<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> Third wave: August 9–11, 2015</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="display:inline;" class="location"><a href="/wiki/Ferguson,_Missouri" title="Ferguson, Missouri">Ferguson, Missouri</a>, U.S. and <a href="/wiki/St._Louis,_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Louis, Missouri">St. Louis, Missouri</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Caused by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">First wave: <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Michael_Brown" title="Killing of Michael Brown">Killing of Michael Brown</a> Second wave: Darren Wilson not <a href="/wiki/Indictment" title="Indictment">indicted</a> Third wave: Anniversary of shooting</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Methods</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Widespread rioting, vandalism, looting, arson, and gunfire.</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#CEE0F2;">Arrests and injuries</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Death(s)</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">1 (Michael Brown)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Injuries</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">10 members of the public injured<a href="#cite_note-KMOV-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-FergusonApril-5">[5]</a> 6 police officers injured<a href="#cite_note-CBC.Injuries-6">[6]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Arrested</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">321 members of the public<a href="#cite_note-FergusonApril-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-WashPost.Breakdown-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> The Ferguson unrest (sometimes called the Ferguson uprising, Ferguson protests, or the Ferguson riots) was a series of <a href="/wiki/Protest" title="Protest">protests</a> and <a href="/wiki/Riot" title="Riot">riots</a> which began in <a href="/wiki/Ferguson,_Missouri" title="Ferguson, Missouri">Ferguson, Missouri</a> on August 10, 2014, the day after the fatal <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Michael_Brown" title="Killing of Michael Brown">shooting of Michael Brown</a> by <a href="/wiki/Ferguson_Police_Department_(Missouri)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferguson Police Department (Missouri)">FPD</a> officer Darren Wilson. The unrest sparked a vigorous debate in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> about the relationship between law enforcement officers and <a href="/wiki/Black_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Americans">Black Americans</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Militarization_of_police" title="Militarization of police">militarization of police</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Use-of-force_law_in_Missouri" title="Use-of-force law in Missouri">use-of-force law in Missouri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Use_of_force" title="Use of force">nationwide</a>. Continuing activism expanded the issues by including <a href="/wiki/Debtors%27_prison#Modern_debtors'_prisons_(1970–current)" title="Debtors' prison">modern-day debtors prisons</a>,<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> for-profit policing,<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> and school segregation.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> As the details of the shooting emerged, police established curfews and deployed riot squads in anticipation of unrest. Along with peaceful protests, there was a significant amount of looting and violence in the vicinity of the site of the shooting, as well as across the city. Media criticism of the militarization of the police in Ferguson after the shooting was frequent.<a href="#cite_note-USAToday.Military-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-WashPost.Military-13">[13]</a> The unrest continued on November 24, 2014, after a <a href="/wiki/Grand_jury" title="Grand jury">grand jury</a> did not <a href="/wiki/Indictment" title="Indictment">indict</a> Officer Wilson.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> It briefly flared again on the first anniversary of Brown's shooting.<a href="#cite_note-ABCNews.Extended-15">[15]</a> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">Department of Justice</a> (DOJ) concluded that Wilson shot Brown in self-defense.<a href="#cite_note-LATimes.Federal-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> In response to the shooting and the subsequent unrest, the DOJ conducted an investigation into the policing practices of the <a href="/wiki/Ferguson_Police_Department_(Missouri)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferguson Police Department (Missouri)">Ferguson Police Department</a> (FPD).<a href="#cite_note-WSJ.JusticeDept-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-Washington_Post-19">[19]</a> In March 2015, the DOJ announced that they had determined that the FPD had engaged in <a href="/wiki/Police_misconduct" title="Police misconduct">misconduct</a> against the citizenry of Ferguson by, among other things, discriminating against African Americans and applying racial stereotypes in a "pattern or practice of unlawful conduct."<a href="#cite_note-DOJ.Report-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-DOJ.findings-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-Washington_Post_Editorial-22">[22]</a> The DOJ also found that the Ferguson <a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_the_United_States" title="Local government in the United States">city council</a> relied on fines and other charges generated by police for funding municipal services.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferguson_unrest&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Shooting_of_Michael_Brown" class="mw-redirect" title="Shooting of Michael Brown">Shooting of Michael Brown</a></div> Michael Brown, an 18-year-old African-American male, was shot and killed during an encounter with Officer Darren Wilson. Officer Wilson arrived after a robbery and assault was reported at a nearby convenience store. The caller described the accused (later identified as Michael Brown from security cameras). Officer Wilson's account was that after seeing Brown and Brown's friend Dorian Johnson walking home in the middle of the street he asked them to walk on the sidewalk instead. When they refused Wilson noticed that Brown's shirt and a box of cigarillos he was holding matched the description from the robbery call, and suspected Brown and Johnson as being involved. When he attempted to question Michael Brown, he was attacked.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> There was a struggle, Brown attempting and almost succeeding in gaining possession of Officer Wilson's weapon. Due to the struggle, the weapon discharged, slightly wounding Brown, who then fled. Wilson gave brief chase firing upon Brown, ultimately shooting and killing Brown when Brown turned to confront him and, upon Wilson's account, charged at him. The officer was a 28-year-old white male <a href="/wiki/Ferguson_Police_Department_(Missouri)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferguson Police Department (Missouri)">Ferguson</a> police officer.<a href="#cite_note-WSJ.Missouri-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-PressDemocrat.Fatal-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes.Autopsy-27">[27]</a> After several months of deliberation, a <a href="/wiki/Grand_jury" title="Grand jury">grand jury</a> decided not to indict Officer Wilson for any criminal charges in relation to the incident.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes.GrandJury-28">[28]</a> The police response to the shooting was heavily criticized, as was the slow rate of information making its way out to the public. Many of the documents received and reviewed by the Grand Jury were released when the grand jury declined to indict Officer Wilson.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes.GrandJury-28">[28]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferguson_unrest&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Events">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ferguson,_Day_4,_Photo_11.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Ferguson%2C_Day_4%2C_Photo_11.png/250px-Ferguson%2C_Day_4%2C_Photo_11.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Ferguson%2C_Day_4%2C_Photo_11.png/375px-Ferguson%2C_Day_4%2C_Photo_11.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Ferguson%2C_Day_4%2C_Photo_11.png/500px-Ferguson%2C_Day_4%2C_Photo_11.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="664" /></a><figcaption>A U.S. Marine offers words of encouragement to protesters.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ferguson,_Day_4,_Photo_13.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Ferguson%2C_Day_4%2C_Photo_13.png/250px-Ferguson%2C_Day_4%2C_Photo_13.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Ferguson%2C_Day_4%2C_Photo_13.png/375px-Ferguson%2C_Day_4%2C_Photo_13.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Ferguson%2C_Day_4%2C_Photo_13.png/500px-Ferguson%2C_Day_4%2C_Photo_13.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="664" /></a><figcaption>The looted, burned-out QuikTrip gas station in Ferguson</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ferguson,_Day_4,_Photo_26.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Ferguson%2C_Day_4%2C_Photo_26.png/250px-Ferguson%2C_Day_4%2C_Photo_26.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Ferguson%2C_Day_4%2C_Photo_26.png/375px-Ferguson%2C_Day_4%2C_Photo_26.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Ferguson%2C_Day_4%2C_Photo_26.png/500px-Ferguson%2C_Day_4%2C_Photo_26.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="664" /></a><figcaption>Protests at Ferguson on August 14, 2014</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="August_2014">August 2014</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferguson_unrest&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: August 2014">edit</a>]</div> On August 9, the evening of the shooting, residents had created a makeshift memorial of flowers and candles in the spot where Brown died. According to <a href="/wiki/Mother_Jones_(magazine)" title="Mother Jones (magazine)">Mother Jones</a>, an unidentified policeman allowed their dog to urinate on the memorial and police vehicles later crushed the memorial. Mother Jones reported that these incidents inflamed tensions among bystanders, according to Missourian state representative Sharon Pace, who told the reporters for the magazine, "That made people in the crowd mad and it made me mad."<a href="#cite_note-MoJo.Tactics-29">[29]</a> On August 10, a day of memorials began peacefully, but some people became outspoken after an evening candlelight vigil.<a href="#cite_note-NBC.Looting-30">[30]</a> Local police stations assembled approximately 150 officers in riot gear.<a href="#cite_note-ChiTribune.Protest-31">[31]</a> Some people began looting businesses, vandalizing vehicles, and confronting police officers who sought to block off access to several areas of the city.<a href="#cite_note-NBC.Looting-30">[30]</a> At least 12 businesses were looted or vandalized and a <a href="/wiki/QuikTrip" title="QuikTrip">QuikTrip</a> convenience store and gas station was <a href="/wiki/Arson" title="Arson">set on fire</a>, as well as a <a href="/wiki/Little_Caesars" title="Little Caesars">Little Caesars</a>. The Quiktrip looting was captured on video by activist <a href="/wiki/Umar_Lee" title="Umar Lee">Umar Lee</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> leading to over 30 arrests. Many windows were broken and several nearby businesses closed on Monday.<a href="#cite_note-STLToday.Businesses-33">[33]</a> The people arrested face charges of assault, burglary, and theft. Police used a variety of equipment, including riot gear and helicopters, to disperse the crowd by 2:00 a.m.<a href="#cite_note-STLAmerican.Protest-34">[34]</a> Two police officers suffered minor injuries during the events.<a href="#cite_note-KSDK.Arrests-35">[35]</a> On August 11, police fired tear gas to disperse a crowd at the burnt shell of the QuikTrip<a href="#cite_note-STLAmerican.Protest-34">[34]</a> convenience store, set on fire by looters the night before. According to reports, gunshots were fired in Ferguson and five people were arrested.<a href="#cite_note-CNN.Protesters-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-FWorthStar.Vandalism-37">[37]</a> Some protesters threw rocks at police officers. The police responded by firing tear gas and bean bag rounds at protesters which included <a href="/wiki/Missouri_Senate" title="Missouri Senate">Missouri Senate</a> member <a href="/wiki/Maria_Chappelle-Nadal" title="Maria Chappelle-Nadal">Maria Chappelle-Nadal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-HuffPost.Senator-38">[38]</a> On August 12, several hundred protesters gathered in <a href="/wiki/Clayton,_Missouri" title="Clayton, Missouri">Clayton</a>, the <a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat">county seat</a>, seeking criminal prosecution of the officer involved in the shooting.<a href="#cite_note-HuffPost.Answers-39">[39]</a> Protesters in Ferguson carried signs and many held their hands in the air while shouting "don't shoot," apparently in response to eye-witness accounts that Brown had his hands raised in an attempt to surrender at the moment he was shot. According to police, some protesters threw bottles at the officers, prompting the use of tear gas to disperse the crowd.<a href="#cite_note-CNN.Decline-40">[40]</a> The following day, a <a href="/wiki/SWAT" title="SWAT">SWAT</a> team of around 70 officers arrived at a protest demanding that protesters disperse.<a href="#cite_note-HuffPost.SWAT-41">[41]</a> That night, police used <a href="/wiki/Smoke_bomb" title="Smoke bomb">smoke bombs</a>, flash grenades, rubber bullets, and tear gas to disperse the crowd. Video footage of the events recorded by KARG Argus Radio shows Ferguson Police firing tear gas into a residential neighborhood and ordering the journalist to cease recording.<a href="#cite_note-AP.Violent-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-FTimes.Clash-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> Between August 12 and 13, police officers at times fired tear gas and rubber bullets at lines of protesters and reporters. At least seven protesters were arrested on the evening of August 12 and 13 after police told protesters to "go home" or face arrest.<a href="#cite_note-Vice.Tension-45">[45]</a> <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a> cameras filmed an officer addressing a group of protesters by saying "Bring it, you fucking animals, bring it."<a href="#cite_note-HuffPost.Animals-46">[46]</a> On the night of August 12, a peaceful protester was shot in the head non-fatally by police. The gunshot survivor, Mya Aaten-White, complained that police had failed to interview her in connection with the shooting. Police had attempted to interview Aaten-White alone, but she refused to speak with them without an attorney present which police refused. A month after the shooting, Aaten-White's attorney indicated that he had subsequently contacted police to set up an appointment for an interview, without response. City officials refused to provide reporters with ballistics reports or other investigative records, citing state law regarding ongoing police investigations.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> As night fell on August 13, protesters threw projectiles at police including <a href="/wiki/Molotov_cocktails" class="mw-redirect" title="Molotov cocktails">Molotov cocktails</a>, and police launched tear gas and smoke bombs in retaliation.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> While police were clearing a McDonald's restaurant, <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a> reporter <a href="/wiki/Wesley_Lowery" title="Wesley Lowery">Wesley Lowery</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Huffington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="The Huffington Post">The Huffington Post</a> reporter Ryan J. Reilly were arrested.<a href="#cite_note-Politico.Arrests-49">[49]</a> Officers reportedly asked them to leave first, gave them a 45-second countdown when they were not moving fast enough, and ultimately resorted to more forceful measures to remove people from the McDonald's.<a href="#cite_note-Politico.Arrests-49">[49]</a> "Officers slammed me into a fountain soda machine because I was confused about which door they were asking me to walk out of," Lowery said.<a href="#cite_note-USAToday.Reporters-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> <a href="/wiki/Martin_Baron" title="Martin Baron">Martin Baron</a>, executive editor of The Washington Post, issued a statement, saying "there was absolutely no justification for Wesley Lowery's arrest," and that the police behavior "was wholly unwarranted and an assault on the freedom of the press to cover the news."<a href="#cite_note-WashPost.Lowery-52">[52]</a> <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_America" title="Al Jazeera America">Al Jazeera America</a> journalists including correspondent <a href="/wiki/Ash-har_Quraishi" title="Ash-har Quraishi">Ash-har Quraishi</a> covering the protests in Ferguson on Wednesday night were also tear-gassed and shot at with rubber bullets by a police SWAT team. An officer was captured on video turning the reporters' video camera toward the ground and dismantling their equipment.<a href="#cite_note-AlJazeera.Gas-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-KSDK.Gas-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-Slate.Gas-55">[55]</a> Al Jazeera America issued a statement, calling the incident an "egregious assault on the freedom of the press that was clearly intended to have a chilling effect on our ability to cover this important story."<a href="#cite_note-CNN.Troopers-56">[56]</a> On Thursday, August 14, the <a href="/wiki/St._Charles_County_Regional_SWAT_Team" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Charles County Regional SWAT Team">St. Charles County Regional SWAT Team</a> put out a press release stating that "... the SWAT Team has not been any part of attempting to prevent media coverage" and that the SWAT team had helped journalists move their equipment at their request.<a href="#cite_note-KSDK.Gas-54">[54]</a> A raw video captured a vehicle marked clearly as "St. Charles County SWAT" rolling up to the Al Jazeera lights and camera and taking them down.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sharpshooter_facing_camera.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Sharpshooter_facing_camera.jpg/220px-Sharpshooter_facing_camera.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Sharpshooter_facing_camera.jpg/330px-Sharpshooter_facing_camera.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Sharpshooter_facing_camera.jpg/440px-Sharpshooter_facing_camera.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>A police marksman posted atop armored vehicle</figcaption></figure> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Jackson_(police_officer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Jackson (police officer) (page does not exist)">Tom Jackson</a>, the Ferguson police chief denied any suppression of the media. <a href="/wiki/U.S._President" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. President">U.S. President</a> <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> addressed the <a href="/wiki/First_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="First Amendment to the United States Constitution">First Amendment</a> violations, saying, "There's also no excuse for police to use excessive force against peaceful protests, or to throw protesters in jail for lawfully exercising their First Amendment rights. And here, in the United States of America, police should not be bullying or arresting journalists who are just trying to do their jobs and report to the American people on what they see on the ground."<a href="#cite_note-WhiteHouse.Statement-58">[58]</a> <a href="/wiki/Board_of_Aldermen_of_the_City_of_St._Louis" class="mw-redirect" title="Board of Aldermen of the City of St. Louis">St. Louis alderman</a> <a href="/wiki/Antonio_French" title="Antonio French">Antonio French</a>, who was documenting the protests for social media, was also arrested by police in Ferguson on Wednesday night.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes.Obama-59">[59]</a> French said that he went into his car to escape tear gas and smoke bombs being thrown by police. While he was in his car, police approached him, dragging him out of the car. French was arrested for unlawful assembly.<a href="#cite_note-KSDK.French-60">[60]</a> Speaking to reporters after his release from jail on Thursday, French described the dozen or so other people arrested as "peacekeepers" including "reverends, young people organizing the peace effort."<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes.Updates-61">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes.Chronicled-62">[62]</a> No charges were ultimately brought against French.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Reporters_Committee_for_Freedom_of_the_Press" title="Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press">Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press</a> (RCFP), a large coalition of media and press freedom groups, wrote to police forces in Ferguson, Missouri, to protest the harassment of journalists covering the protests.<a href="#cite_note-HuffPost.Coalition-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-RCFP.Detention-65">[65]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Senator_Claire_McCaskill_at_Ferguson_protests.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Senator_Claire_McCaskill_at_Ferguson_protests.jpg/220px-Senator_Claire_McCaskill_at_Ferguson_protests.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Senator_Claire_McCaskill_at_Ferguson_protests.jpg/330px-Senator_Claire_McCaskill_at_Ferguson_protests.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Senator_Claire_McCaskill_at_Ferguson_protests.jpg/440px-Senator_Claire_McCaskill_at_Ferguson_protests.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>United States Senator Claire McCaskill (D-MO) talking to protesters in Ferguson</figcaption></figure> On August 14, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senator" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senator">United States Senator</a> <a href="/wiki/Claire_McCaskill" title="Claire McCaskill">Claire McCaskill</a> (D-MO) stated that "militarization of the police escalated the protesters' response."<a href="#cite_note-NBC.Militarization-66">[66]</a> <a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Police_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Louis Police Department">St. Louis</a> <a href="/wiki/Superintendent_(police)#United_States" title="Superintendent (police)">Chief of Police</a> <a href="/wiki/Sam_Dotson" title="Sam Dotson">Sam Dotson</a> stated he would not have employed military-style policing such as that which transpired. According to Chief Dotson, "My gut told me what I was seeing were not tactics that I would use in the city and I would never put officers in situations that I would not do myself." Another reason Dotson did not want the city and county police to collaborate was because of the history of racial profiling by police in that county. In an email to a St. Louis Alderman who brought up concerns of racial profiling, he wrote: "I agree and removed our tactical assistance. We did not send tactical resources to Ferguson on Tuesday or Wednesday. Our only assistance was that of four traffic officers to help divert traffic and keep both pedestrians and motorists safe. On Thursday we will have no officers assisting Ferguson."<a href="#cite_note-HuffPost.Tactics-67">[67]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Missouri_Highway_Patrol_Captain_Ron_Johnson.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Missouri_Highway_Patrol_Captain_Ron_Johnson.jpg/220px-Missouri_Highway_Patrol_Captain_Ron_Johnson.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Missouri_Highway_Patrol_Captain_Ron_Johnson.jpg/330px-Missouri_Highway_Patrol_Captain_Ron_Johnson.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Missouri_Highway_Patrol_Captain_Ron_Johnson.jpg/440px-Missouri_Highway_Patrol_Captain_Ron_Johnson.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Missouri Highway Patrol Captain Ronald S. Johnson was asked to take over law enforcement jurisdiction at Ferguson</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Missouri">Missouri Governor</a> <a href="/wiki/Jay_Nixon" title="Jay Nixon">Jay Nixon</a> said at a press conference that the <a href="/wiki/Missouri_State_Highway_Patrol" title="Missouri State Highway Patrol">Missouri State Highway Patrol</a> would take over policing Ferguson from the St. Louis County police, whose tactics were widely criticized, referring to the change as "an operational shift," and that police will use force "only when necessary," and will generally "step back a little bit."<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes.Obama-59">[59]</a> Nixon said that Ferguson security would be overseen by Captain Ron Johnson of the Highway Patrol. Johnson, an African-American, said he grew up in the community and "it means a lot to me personally that we break this cycle of violence."<a href="#cite_note-AP.Troopers2-68">[68]</a> Nixon said, "The people of Ferguson want their streets to be free of intimidation and fear" he said, but during the past few days, "it looked a little bit more like a war zone and that's not acceptable."<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes.Obama-59">[59]</a> St. Louis county prosecutor <a href="/wiki/Robert_P._McCulloch_(prosecutor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert P. McCulloch (prosecutor)">Robert P. McCulloch</a> criticized the governor's decision, saying "It's shameful what he did today; he had no legal authority to do that. To denigrate the men and women of the county police department is shameful."<a href="#cite_note-STLToday.Blast-69">[69]</a> In the evening hours of August 14, Captain Johnson walked with and led a large, peaceful march in Ferguson.<a href="#cite_note-HuffPost.Johnson-70">[70]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ferguson_Police_chief_Thomas_Jackson_at_press_conference.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Ferguson_Police_chief_Thomas_Jackson_at_press_conference.jpg/220px-Ferguson_Police_chief_Thomas_Jackson_at_press_conference.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Ferguson_Police_chief_Thomas_Jackson_at_press_conference.jpg/330px-Ferguson_Police_chief_Thomas_Jackson_at_press_conference.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Ferguson_Police_chief_Thomas_Jackson_at_press_conference.jpg/440px-Ferguson_Police_chief_Thomas_Jackson_at_press_conference.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3236" data-file-height="2544" /></a><figcaption>Ferguson Police Chief Tom Jackson at the August 14, 2014 news conference</figcaption></figure> Ferguson Police Chief <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Jackson_(police_officer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Jackson (police officer) (page does not exist)">Tom Jackson</a> announced the name of the officer involved in the shooting in a news conference the morning of Friday, August 15, nearly a week after the officer shot Brown on Saturday afternoon. Jackson prefaced the name announcement by describing a "strong-arm" robbery that had occurred a few minutes before the shooting at a nearby convenience store called Ferguson Market & Liquor. A police report released to members of the media at the news conference described Brown as the suspect involved in the robbery.<a href="#cite_note-ABC.Public-71">[71]</a> Hours later, Jackson held another news conference in which he said Wilson wasn't aware of the robbery when he stopped Brown.<a href="#cite_note-WSJ.Suspect-72">[72]</a> On Friday night, protests continued in "an almost celebratory manner" near the <a href="/wiki/QuikTrip" title="QuikTrip">QuikTrip</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-CBS.Clean-74">[74]</a> until police arrived at around 11:00 p.m.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> At around 1:30 a.m. Saturday morning, rioters broke into and looted the Ferguson Market & Liquor store that Brown allegedly robbed prior to his shooting, as well as other nearby businesses; after the initial break-in, a group of protesters and observers gathered near the storefronts of the looted businesses in an attempt to prevent further looting.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ferguson_Day_6,_Picture_53.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Ferguson_Day_6%2C_Picture_53.png/250px-Ferguson_Day_6%2C_Picture_53.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Ferguson_Day_6%2C_Picture_53.png/375px-Ferguson_Day_6%2C_Picture_53.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Ferguson_Day_6%2C_Picture_53.png/500px-Ferguson_Day_6%2C_Picture_53.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="664" /></a><figcaption>Law enforcement responding to civil unrest, August 17, 2014</figcaption></figure> As a result of looting and disruption the night before, on August 16, Nixon declared in a press conference a <a href="/wiki/State_of_emergency" title="State of emergency">state of emergency</a> and implemented nightly <a href="/wiki/Curfew" title="Curfew">curfews</a> in Ferguson from midnight to 5:00 a.m. Some residents at the press conference said that law enforcement officers had instigated the violence with their military-like tactics.<a href="#cite_note-CNN.Curfew-78">[78]</a> Johnson said that police would not enforce the curfew with armored trucks and tear gas, and that police will communicate with protesters and give them time and opportunity to leave before curfew.<a href="#cite_note-AP.Curfew-79">[79]</a> In the early hours of August 17, tear gas and tactical units were used, despite prior assurances. One of the protesters was shot by police and critically wounded; police have claimed that they did not fire any shots.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> Seven other individuals were arrested.<a href="#cite_note-NBC.Clashes-81">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> Later that morning, a Missouri Highway Patrol spokesman announced that the curfew would be extended for a second day.<a href="#cite_note-STLToday.Curfew2-83">[83]</a> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ferguson_Day_6,_Picture_13.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Ferguson_Day_6%2C_Picture_13.png/250px-Ferguson_Day_6%2C_Picture_13.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Ferguson_Day_6%2C_Picture_13.png/375px-Ferguson_Day_6%2C_Picture_13.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Ferguson_Day_6%2C_Picture_13.png/500px-Ferguson_Day_6%2C_Picture_13.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="664" /></a><figcaption>Protests at Ferguson on August 17, 2014</figcaption></figure> On August 18, after violent clashes during the imposed curfew, Nixon issued an executive order calling in the <a href="/wiki/Missouri_National_Guard" title="Missouri National Guard">National Guard</a> to "help restore peace and order and to protect the citizens of Ferguson."<a href="#cite_note-NYMag.Guard-84">[84]</a> Nixon also announced that there would be no curfew on the night of August 18.<a href="#cite_note-WashPost.MondayCurfew-85">[85]</a> <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> sent a 13-person contingent of human rights activists to seek meetings with officials as well as to train local activists in non-violent protest methods.<a href="#cite_note-Reuters.Amnesty-86">[86]</a> Police were recorded threatening the media with mace.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> A photojournalist, Scott Olson, was also arrested by officers.<a href="#cite_note-HuffPost.Getty-89">[89]</a> After being briefed by Attorney General Eric Holder on the events, President Obama dispatched Holder to Ferguson to monitor the unrest there.<a href="#cite_note-UsaToday.Holder-90">[90]</a> On the night of August 18, after several hundred protesters, some of whom were seen throwing bottles, charged toward a wall of police 60 wide and five deep, members of the crowd pushed them back including clergymen and community leaders locking arms, averting a more serious confrontation.<a href="#cite_note-NBCNews.Averting-91">[91]</a> 78 individuals were arrested, including <a href="/wiki/The_Intercept" title="The Intercept">The Intercept</a>'s Ryan Devereaux.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> <a href="/wiki/German_people" class="mw-redirect" title="German people">German</a> journalists Ansgar Graw and Frank Hermann reported being placed under arrest by an unidentified officer who would only identify himself as "Donald Duck."<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> On August 20, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">Attorney General</a> <a href="/wiki/Eric_Holder" title="Eric Holder">Eric Holder</a> traveled to Ferguson, where he met with residents as well as Brown's family.<a href="#cite_note-BBC.Holder-94">[94]</a> Only six individuals were arrested, compared to 47 arrests the prior night.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> Nixon then withdrew the National Guard from Ferguson on August 21 after witnessing improvements among the social unrest.<a href="#cite_note-Philly.Nixon-96">[96]</a> On August 23, protests continued to be peaceful, although three more arrests were made.<a href="#cite_note-Reuters.Calm-97">[97]</a> During the same day, a rally of 50 to 70 people was held in Ferguson in support of Wilson under the banner "I am Darren Wilson,"<a href="#cite_note-BF.ThisIs_Why-98">[98]</a> and as of August 25, nearly US$400,000 were raised by supporters in an online <a href="/wiki/Crowdfunding" title="Crowdfunding">crowdfunding</a> campaign. The online campaign drew a number of racist comments, which forced the website to shut down the comment section.<a href="#cite_note-CBS.400k-99">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-WashPost.Thousands-100">[100]</a> Brown's family asked that supporters suspend their protests for one day out of respect for the funeral proceedings, planned for August 25. "All I want tomorrow is peace while we lay our son to rest. Please, that's all I ask," Brown's father said.<a href="#cite_note-BBC.Father-101">[101]</a> The service was attended by thousands of people, including 2,500 filling the sanctuary, and others in an overflow auditorium which was also full. An estimated 2,000 additional people were on church property for the funeral. Eric Davis, one of Brown's cousins, said at the funeral, "[s]how up at the voting booths. Let your voices be heard, and let everyone know that we have had enough of all of this."<a href="#cite_note-KCS.Mourners-102">[102]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="September_2014">September 2014</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferguson_unrest&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: September 2014">edit</a>]</div> Early on September 23, a memorial to Michael Brown on Canfield Drive burned to the ground. Protesters gathered at the site.<a href="#cite_note-MSNBC.Burn-103">[103]</a> The burned memorial was set up again.<a href="#cite_note-WashPost.Learn-104">[104]</a> That evening, several hundred protesters gathered, asking for Jackson's resignation. In front of the police headquarters, protected by 50 police officers<a href="#cite_note-MSNBC.Chief-105">[105]</a> Jackson addressed the protest and started to explain that changes were underway after Brown's killing, creating some agitation in the crowd. Within minutes, police officers intervened to protect their chief.<a href="#cite_note-MSNBC.Chief-105">[105]</a> Several protesters were arrested and later the protest was declared unlawful.<a href="#cite_note-MSNBC.Chief-105">[105]</a> On September 26, the Department of Justice's Civil Rights Division asked Jackson to prohibit police officers from wearing "I am Darren Wilson" bracelets when on duty. In a previous letter earlier that week, it had asked that police officers wear nametags.<a href="#cite_note-STLToday.Bracelets-106">[106]</a> On the evening of September 28, a large crowd protested. Bottles and rocks were thrown at officers. Support from other police forces was requested. Eight protesters were arrested for failure to disperse and resisting arrest charges.<a href="#cite_note-USAToday.Manhunt-107">[107]</a> On September 29, protesters gathered in front of the police building, including a dozen clergy members who prayed in the police parking. They were told that they would be arrested if they did not clear the street. A clergyman was then arrested. Protesters were also told that they would be arrested if the chants went on after 11:00 p.m. About that time, police moved slowly forward, but protesters refused to move backwards. As they were almost in contact, gunshots were heard, and both sides backed up. Later, Capt. Ron Johnson of the Missouri Highway Patrol told the crowd that the "five-second rule" would not be implemented and there would be no arrest as long as the protest remained peaceful.<a href="#cite_note-WashPost.Ease-108">[108]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="October_2014">October 2014</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferguson_unrest&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: October 2014">edit</a>]</div> On October 2, St. Louis County Police and Missouri State Highway Patrol arrested more than a dozen people<a href="#cite_note-HuffPost.Jumpsuits-109">[109]</a> including Mary Moore, a freelance journalist who has worked for CNN and local activists Ashley Yates, Alexis Templeton and <a href="/wiki/Brittany_Ferrell" title="Brittany Ferrell">Brittany Ferrell</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WashPost.Freelance-110">[110]</a> Protesters were charged with offenses that included failure to comply with police, noise ordinance violations and resisting arrest. They had to wear orange jumpsuits. Bonds were highest at $2,700, then reduced to $1,000.<a href="#cite_note-HuffPost.Jumpsuits-109">[109]</a> Police dismantled an encampment that lasted a few weeks on West Florissant. Police and protesters are adapting constantly to the other side's moves ("It's a legal clinic on these streets."). The city has recently raised bonds from $100 to $1,000.<a href="#cite_note-WashPost.Learn-104">[104]</a> On October 3, Ferguson police chief Thomas Jackson ceded responsibility for managing protests in the city to the St. Louis County police department. The limited resources of Ferguson police made it difficult to handle daily protests after their resumption the previous week.<a href="#cite_note-WashPost.Manage-111">[111]</a> On October 4, about 50 protesters briefly delayed a concert of the <a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Symphony_Orchestra" title="St. Louis Symphony Orchestra">St. Louis Symphony Orchestra</a>. Just before the performance resumed after intermission, they started singing an old civil rights tune, unfurled three hand-painted banners and scattered paper hearts that read: "Requiem for Mike Brown." After that, they left the building peacefully.<a href="#cite_note-STLToday.Concert-112">[112]</a> On Monday evening, October 6, after a game between the St. Louis Cardinals and the Los Angeles Dodgers, baseball supporters and protesters had a chanting battle outside the stadium.<a href="#cite_note-BuzzFeed.Cardinals-113">[113]</a> A website, Ferguson October, as well as other organizations, planned a massive week of resistance throughout the St. Louis metropolitan area. The event, <a href="/wiki/Ferguson_October" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferguson October">Ferguson October</a>, began on Friday afternoon when protesters peacefully marched to County Prosecutor Bob McCulloch's office in <a href="/wiki/Clayton,_Missouri" title="Clayton, Missouri">Clayton, Missouri</a>.<a href="#cite_note-USAToday.October-114">[114]</a> Later, until around 2:30 a.m., mostly peaceful protests took place in Ferguson and the Shaw neighborhood. As many as 400 people took to the streets on Friday night. On October 9, 2014, Ferguson October sparked the activation of the St. Louis County Emergency Center in anticipation.<a href="#cite_note-CBS.EOC-115">[115]</a> Police were also working longer shifts and the Missouri National Guard could have been activated if needed.<a href="#cite_note-USAToday.October-114">[114]</a> On October 12, a Ferguson October rally and service was held at <a href="/wiki/Chaifetz_Arena" title="Chaifetz Arena">Chaifetz Arena</a>, located on Saint Louis University's campus. The stated purpose of the event was to "call on the nation to repent for the sin of police brutality and support a new generation of youth activists." Activists Suheir Hammad, Ashley Yates and Tef Poe spoke to the crowd along with Christian, Jewish, and Muslim clergy members. Younger activists criticized older activists for not being radical enough. When the keynote speaker, <a href="/wiki/Cornel_West" title="Cornel West">Cornel West</a>, took the stage, he said, "I didn't come here to give a speech. I came here to go to jail!"<a href="#cite_note-LATimes.October-116">[116]</a> On October 13, protesters attempted to cross police lines to meet with officers at the Ferguson Police Department. Dozens of protesters, estimated to be over 50, were arrested, during a staged and peaceful act of disobedience, including clergy and Cornel West.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes.October-117">[117]</a> Saint Louis University became hosts to peaceful protesters around the Clock Tower, located near the library and is essentially the center of the campus. The protesters staged a <a href="/wiki/Sit_in" class="mw-redirect" title="Sit in">sit in</a> with over 250 people attending.<a href="#cite_note-Protesters_stage_sit-in_at_St._Louis_University-118">[118]</a> On October 20, <a href="/wiki/Missouri_Senate" title="Missouri Senate">Missouri Senator</a> <a href="/wiki/Jamilah_Nasheed" title="Jamilah Nasheed">Jamilah Nasheed</a> was arrested in front of the Ferguson Police Department building for blocking traffic in the street and not respecting police orders. She was taken into custody, along with a man who was accompanying her, and refused bond. At the time of her arrest she was carrying a handgun.<a href="#cite_note-STLToday.Nasheed-119">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="November_2014">November 2014</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferguson_unrest&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: November 2014">edit</a>]</div> On November 17, the governor of Missouri declared a state of emergency in anticipation of protests in Ferguson following the announcement of the results of the grand jury.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> On November 21, two members of the <a href="/wiki/New_Black_Panther_Party" title="New Black Panther Party">New Black Panther Party</a> were arrested for buying explosives they planned to detonate during protests. The same pair is also indicted for purchasing two pistols under false pretenses.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> On November 22, Journalist Trey Yingst was arrested in front of the Ferguson Police Department. He later filed a lawsuit with the ACLU and won an $8,500 settlement.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> On November 24, the grand jury decided not to indict Wilson in the shooting death of Brown.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> Following the announcement of the grand jury's decision, Michael Brown's stepfather Louis Head yelled to the crowd of protesters in front of the police department: "Burn this bitch down!"<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> There were peaceful protests as well as rioting. A dozen buildings were burned down; there was gunfire, looting, vandalism, and destruction of two St. Louis County Police patrol cars, as well as burning of various non-police cars.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> On November 25, the body of 20-year-old DeAndre Joshua was found inside a parked car within a few blocks of where Brown was killed. Police initially classified the death as suspicious, later ruling it a homicide.<a href="#cite_note-parked_car-131">[131]</a> The man had been shot in the head and burned.<a href="#cite_note-Joshua_burned-132">[132]</a> That same day, CNN reported that thousands of people rallied to protest the grand jury's decision in more than 170 U.S. cities from <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a> to <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>, and that National Guard forces were reinforced at Ferguson to prevent the situation from escalating.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> At least 90 people were arrested for arson, looting, and vandalism in <a href="/wiki/Oakland,_California" title="Oakland, California">Oakland, California</a>.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> Protests also took place internationally, with demonstrations held in several major cities in Canada<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> and in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, United Kingdom.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> Calls by protesters to disrupt the <a href="/wiki/Black_Friday_(shopping)" title="Black Friday (shopping)">Black Friday</a> shopping day, which took place the Friday after the grand jury decision, were heeded in the St. Louis region, with hundreds of demonstrators blocking walkways and shouting slogans at the <a href="/wiki/Saint_Louis_Galleria" title="Saint Louis Galleria">Saint Louis Galleria</a> and other area shopping centers.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> On November 27, Governor Nixon reportedly rejected calls for a new grand jury to decide whether to charge Wilson over Brown's killing.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="December_2014">December 2014</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferguson_unrest&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: December 2014">edit</a>]</div> On December 2, an armed militia associated with the <a href="/wiki/Oath_Keepers" title="Oath Keepers">Oath Keepers</a> watched community members on Ferguson roofs, even after the police told them to stop doing so.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="March_2015">March 2015</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferguson_unrest&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: March 2015">edit</a>]</div> On the night of March 11, 2015, around 12:00 a.m. CST, protests ensued throughout the city of Ferguson following the announcement of the chief of police's resignation. Under a mutual separation agreement, police chief Thomas Jackson would be paid one year of annual salary (nearly $96,000) with health benefits, with his resignation effective March 19. Lieutenant Colonel Al Eickhoff was declared acting chief pending the hiring of a replacement.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> According to a report by Susan Weich of the <a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Post-Dispatch" title="St. Louis Post-Dispatch">St. Louis Post-Dispatch</a>, there were two sets of protesters, one chanting clean slogans, and the other, "volatile, angry, hurling profanities at the police, media and other protesters."<a href="#cite_note-Chandler-141">[141]</a> In the early morning hours of March 12, two police officers were shot outside the Ferguson police station. Though approximately 100 protesters remained on the other side of South Florissant Road adjacent to the police line, witnesses believed the shooter was on the top of a hill approximately 220 yards from the police station.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> A 41-year-old officer from the <a href="/wiki/St._Louis_County_Police_Department" title="St. Louis County Police Department">St. Louis County Police Department</a> was hit in the shoulder, and a 32-year-old officer from the <a href="/wiki/Webster_Groves" class="mw-redirect" title="Webster Groves">Webster Groves</a> Police Department was hit in the cheek.<a href="#cite_note-STLToday.ManHeld-143">[143]</a> The St. Louis County police chief said that at least three shots were fired parallel to the ground rather than up into the air (not "skip shots") and therefore assumed his officers were the target.<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> An "intense manhunt" was launched for the person or persons responsible for the shooting.<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> On March 14, 20-year-old black male <a href="#Jeffrey_L._Williams">Jeffrey L. Williams</a> was arrested in connection with the shooting.<a href="#cite_note-reuters.Williams-147">[147]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="April_2015">April 2015</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferguson_unrest&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: April 2015">edit</a>]</div> On April 29, protests resumed in the wake of the <a href="/wiki/Death_of_Freddie_Gray" class="mw-redirect" title="Death of Freddie Gray">death of Freddie Gray</a> in <a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore, Maryland</a>. Two people were shot in the neck and a third was shot in the leg, with all three victims being in stable condition. Six people were arrested, one for shooting one of the victims and five for looting a <a href="/wiki/Mobil" title="Mobil">Mobil</a> gas station. Four police cars were damaged after rocks were thrown at them. Several items were also set on fire.<a href="#cite_note-FergusonApril-5">[5]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="August_2015">August 2015</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferguson_unrest&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: August 2015">edit</a>]</div> On August 9, the anniversary of Brown's fatal shooting, peaceful demonstrations occurred and attendants observed four-and-a-half minutes of silence, signifying the four-and-a-half hours during which Brown's body was left on the street.<a href="#cite_note-CNN.Anniversary-148">[148]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ferguson_police_August_2015_VOA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Ferguson_police_August_2015_VOA.jpg/220px-Ferguson_police_August_2015_VOA.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Ferguson_police_August_2015_VOA.jpg/330px-Ferguson_police_August_2015_VOA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Ferguson_police_August_2015_VOA.jpg/440px-Ferguson_police_August_2015_VOA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="882" data-file-height="499" /></a><figcaption>Police and protesters on August 10, 2015</figcaption></figure> Later on in the night, two groups of suspected looters began firing at each other during a demonstration. Four plain-clothed officers in an unmarked <a href="/wiki/Sports_utility_vehicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Sports utility vehicle">sports utility vehicle</a> responded to the scene. There, they shot a man who allegedly opened fire on them with a stolen <a href="/wiki/9mm" class="mw-redirect" title="9mm">9mm</a> <a href="/wiki/SIG_Sauer" title="SIG Sauer">SIG Sauer</a> handgun. The suspect, identified as Tyrone Harris Jr., was hospitalized in "critical and unstable" condition. Three hours after the shooting, two teenagers were wounded in an apparent <a href="/wiki/Drive-by_shooting" title="Drive-by shooting">drive-by shooting</a> as they were walking near a memorial dedicated to Brown. A journalist was also attacked and robbed in a parking lot, while three police officers were injured by protesters.<a href="#cite_note-CNN.Anniversary-148">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-Yahoo.Emergency-150">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-SLPD.Shot-151">[151]</a> Following the violence, officials placed St. Louis County under a state of emergency on August 10, which was lifted three days later.<a href="#cite_note-ABCNews.Extended-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-Yahoo.Emergency-150">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> Protests continued that day and into the night, with one such event shutting down <a href="/wiki/Interstate_70" title="Interstate 70">Interstate 70</a>. More than 100 protesters were arrested during the demonstrations.<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> Early in the morning of August 11, more than 20 additional protesters were arrested.<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> Later that day, police released video footage of Harris' shooting.<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="August_2016">August 2016</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferguson_unrest&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: August 2016">edit</a>]</div> On the second anniversary of Michael Brown's death, mourners decided to hold a protest by blocking a road way. A vehicle later drove through the protesters hitting one and knocking them into the air. Protesters then began to shoot at the fleeing vehicle. The injured protester was later brought to a hospital and the driver cooperated with police.<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_incidents">Related incidents</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferguson_unrest&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Related incidents">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ray_Albers">Ray Albers</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferguson_unrest&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Ray Albers">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Officer_points_gun_at_me_and_other_media_on_W._Florissant_ferguson.webmhd.webm/100px-seek%3D4-Officer_points_gun_at_me_and_other_media_on_W._Florissant_ferguson.webmhd.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="100" height="177" data-durationhint="37" data-mwtitle="Officer_points_gun_at_me_and_other_media_on_W._Florissant_ferguson.webmhd.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Officer_points_gun_at_me_and_other_media_on_W._Florissant_ferguson.webmhd.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/db/Officer_points_gun_at_me_and_other_media_on_W._Florissant_ferguson.webmhd.webm/Officer_points_gun_at_me_and_other_media_on_W._Florissant_ferguson.webmhd.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="270" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/db/Officer_points_gun_at_me_and_other_media_on_W._Florissant_ferguson.webmhd.webm/Officer_points_gun_at_me_and_other_media_on_W._Florissant_ferguson.webmhd.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="406" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Officer_points_gun_at_me_and_other_media_on_W._Florissant_ferguson.webmhd.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="406" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/db/Officer_points_gun_at_me_and_other_media_on_W._Florissant_ferguson.webmhd.webm/Officer_points_gun_at_me_and_other_media_on_W._Florissant_ferguson.webmhd.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="82" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/db/Officer_points_gun_at_me_and_other_media_on_W._Florissant_ferguson.webmhd.webm/Officer_points_gun_at_me_and_other_media_on_W._Florissant_ferguson.webmhd.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="136" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/db/Officer_points_gun_at_me_and_other_media_on_W._Florissant_ferguson.webmhd.webm/Officer_points_gun_at_me_and_other_media_on_W._Florissant_ferguson.webmhd.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="204" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/db/Officer_points_gun_at_me_and_other_media_on_W._Florissant_ferguson.webmhd.webm/Officer_points_gun_at_me_and_other_media_on_W._Florissant_ferguson.webmhd.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="204" data-height="360" /></video><figcaption><a href="/wiki/St._Ann,_Missouri" title="St. Ann, Missouri">St. Ann</a> police officer Ray Albers, who was suspended for pointing his rifle at peaceful protesters<a href="#cite_note-NYDailyNews.Threat-158">[158]</a></figcaption></figure> Ray Albers of the <a href="/wiki/St._Ann_Police_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Ann Police Department">St. Ann Police Department</a> was suspended indefinitely from his duties after an incident at a protest in Ferguson that was captured on video. According to St. Louis County police, he pointed a semi-automatic service rifle at peaceful protesters while using profanity and threatening to kill them.<a href="#cite_note-STLToday.Albers-159">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-HuffPost.Albers2-160">[160]</a><a href="#cite_note-BostonCom.Suspend-161">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-WashPost.Suspend-162">[162]</a> Albers was recorded on video saying, "I will fucking kill you."<a href="#cite_note-sydney-163">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-censorshipisabadthing-164">[164]</a> When asked to identify himself, Albers replied, "Go fuck yourself."<a href="#cite_note-sydney-163">[163]</a> This led the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_Liberties_Union" title="American Civil Liberties Union">ACLU</a> to write to law enforcement demanding action.<a href="#cite_note-sydney-163">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-censorshipisabadthing-164">[164]</a> A repercussion of his actions was that while his identification was pending, Albers was widely referred to on social media as Officer Go Fuck Yourself.<a href="#cite_note-sydney-163">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a> Albers resigned eight days later on August 28, 2014.<a href="#cite_note-STLToday.Officers-167">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-HuffPost.Albers-168">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYDailyNews.Officers-169">[169]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kajieme_Powell">Kajieme Powell</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferguson_unrest&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Kajieme Powell">edit</a>]</div> Four miles from Ferguson, 25-year-old Kajieme Powell was killed by police gunfire in the early afternoon of August 19, 2014. It had been reported to the St Louis Police Department that Powell was behaving in an erratic manner, carrying a knife. Upon arriving at the scene police officers ordered Powell to drop to the ground before shooting him dead when he took a step towards them. Twelve shots were fired in total; one witness described the level of force used as "excessive".<a href="#cite_note-St._Louis_Video-170">[170]</a> Demonstrators were ready to engage in protest and the event was given due immediate coverage by the media.<a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> Kajieme Powell was born in 1990. St Louis police released several video and audio recordings of the shooting on 21 August.<a href="#cite_note-St._Louis_Video-170">[170]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dan_Page">Dan Page</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferguson_unrest&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Dan Page">edit</a>]</div> On August 22, St. Louis County Police officer Dan Page, who was filmed pushing CNN's <a href="/wiki/Don_Lemon" title="Don Lemon">Don Lemon</a>, was relieved of duty after a video emerged of an inflammatory speech Page had given to the St. Louis and St. Charles chapter of the <a href="/wiki/Oath_Keepers" title="Oath Keepers">Oath Keepers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a> He retired three days later.<a href="#cite_note-NYDailyNews.Officers-169">[169]</a><a href="#cite_note-HuffPost.PageRetires-174">[174]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Matthew_Pappert">Matthew Pappert</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferguson_unrest&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Matthew Pappert">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Glendale,_Missouri" title="Glendale, Missouri">Glendale</a> police officer Matthew Pappert, who had patrolled in Ferguson during the protests, was suspended for controversial postings to Facebook, such as "[t]hese protesters should have been put down like a rabid dog the first night" and "[w]here is a Muslim with a backpack when you need him?" (referring to the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Marathon_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston Marathon bombings">Boston Marathon bombings</a>).<a href="#cite_note-STLToday.PagePappert-175">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYDailyNews.Pappert-176">[176]</a><a href="#cite_note-STLToday.Glendale-177">[177]</a> Journalists in Ferguson claimed Pappert had threatened them.<a href="#cite_note-NYDailyNews.Pappert-176">[176]</a> Pappert was ultimately fired from the department after the conclusion of an internal investigation.<a href="#cite_note-STLToday.Officers-167">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYDailyNews.Officers-169">[169]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lawsuit_against_police_and_local_governments">Lawsuit against police and local governments</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferguson_unrest&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Lawsuit against police and local governments">edit</a>]</div> A $40 million federal lawsuit was filed on August 28 by five protesters who were arrested between August 11–13. It alleges that police officers used unnecessary force and made unjustified arrests.<a href="#cite_note-CNN.Lawsuit-178">[178]</a> Four more protesters were added as plaintiffs in October.<a href="#cite_note-STLToday.Lawsuit-179">[179]</a> The lawsuit lists various police officials, officers, the Ferguson city government and the St. Louis county government as defendants.<a href="#cite_note-CNN.Lawsuit-178">[178]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vonderrit_Myers_Jr.">Vonderrit Myers Jr.</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferguson_unrest&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Vonderrit Myers Jr.">edit</a>]</div> On October 8, 2014, Vonderrit Myers Jr. was shot and killed by an off-duty police officer in <a href="/wiki/Shaw,_St._Louis" title="Shaw, St. Louis">Shaw, St. Louis</a>. Police said he had a gun and shot at them. Doug Hollis of St. Louis, a relative of both Myers and Michael Brown, did not witness the shooting but told <a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a> that Myers was unarmed, with only a sandwich in his hands, and suggested that the gun found at the scene might have been planted by police.<a href="#cite_note-USAToday.Second-180">[180]</a> Following the shooting, there were multiple nights of protests.<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a><a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> Forensic evidence later confirmed that Myers had gunshot residue on his right hand, shirt, and pants, indicating that he had fired a gun. Three bullets fired at police matched Myers's gun.<a href="#cite_note-STLToday.Forensic-183">[183]</a><a href="#cite_note-MSNBC.Matters-184">[184]</a><a href="#cite_note-IBTimes.Myers-185">[185]</a> The family's attorney noticed that police versions differ about the weapon Myers allegedly used: first, police mentioned a 9mm Ruger, and later a 9mm Smith & Wesson. It was later determined that Myers did have a gun and it matched the same gun he was seen with in various photos posted to social media.<a href="#cite_note-STLA.Myers-186">[186]</a> An independent autopsy by <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Wecht" title="Cyril Wecht">Dr. Cyril H. Wecht</a> found that six of the eight wounds were at the back of the body.<a href="#cite_note-CTFP.Myers-187">[187]</a> Police investigators served Wecht with a subpoena for his results. The funeral was held on October 26.<a href="#cite_note-STLToday.Myers-188">[188]</a> On May 19, 2015, it was announced that no charges would be filed against the off-duty police officer. St. Louis Circuit Attorney Jennifer Joyce's report says the officer shot and killed Myers in self-defense after Myers fired a gun at him, and thus a criminal violation could not be proven beyond a reasonable doubt in the resulting death.<a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antonio_Martin">Antonio Martin</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferguson_unrest&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Antonio Martin">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Shooting_of_Antonio_Martin" class="mw-redirect" title="Shooting of Antonio Martin">Shooting of Antonio Martin</a></div> On December 23, 2014, 18-year-old Antonio Martin was shot and killed in <a href="/wiki/Berkeley,_Missouri" title="Berkeley, Missouri">Berkeley, Missouri</a> after pulling a gun on a <a href="/wiki/St._Louis_County_Police_Department" title="St. Louis County Police Department">St. Louis County police officer</a> who was questioning him. The incident provoked additional violent protests in the area.<a href="#cite_note-guardian-martin-190">[190]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jeffrey_L._Williams">Jeffrey L. Williams</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferguson_unrest&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Jeffrey L. Williams">edit</a>]</div> On March 14, 2015, Jeffrey L. Williams, age 20,<a href="#cite_note-reuters.Williams-147">[147]</a> was arrested in connection with the shooting of two police officers two days earlier (see <a href="#March_2015">above</a>). Williams, who is black and was on probation for possession of stolen property,<a href="#cite_note-reuters.Williams-147">[147]</a> had admitted to firing the shots but said that he was not aiming at police. According to Williams' attorney, he intended to retaliate against a person who had robbed him earlier that day.<a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a> Police recovered a .40-<a href="/wiki/Caliber" title="Caliber">caliber</a> handgun that matched the spent cartridges found at the crime scene.<a href="#cite_note-STLToday.ManHeld-143">[143]</a> On April 1, the <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a> reported that during phone conversations, Williams confessed to firing back at an unidentified person who was shooting at him during the March 12 protest. His attorney had previously claimed Williams never discharged a firearm during the shooting.<a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a> Arraigned on June 3, Williams pleaded not guilty to all charges. In December 2016, a jury found Williams guilty of two counts of first-degree assault, three counts of armed criminal action and one count of unlawful use of a weapon. He was sentenced to 25 years in prison on March 17, 2017.<a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tyrone_Harris_Jr.">Tyrone Harris Jr.</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferguson_unrest&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Tyrone Harris Jr.">edit</a>]</div> On August 9, 2015, the anniversary of Brown's shooting, Tyrone Harris Jr., age 18, was shot by four plain-clothed police officers during a gunfight between looters (see <a href="#August_2015">above</a>). He was hospitalized in critical condition. Police charged him with four counts of first-degree assault on law enforcement, five counts of armed criminal action, and one count of discharging a firearm at a motor vehicle. Harris was held on a $250,000 cash-only bond.<a href="#cite_note-CNN.Anniversary-148">[148]</a> According to Harris' father, he graduated from the same high school as Brown and was a close friend of his.<a href="#cite_note-SLPD.Shot-151">[151]</a> Two days after the shooting, police released surveillance video of Harris firing a gun at an unmarked police car.<a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a> Harris was out on bond for felony charges related to the theft of a vehicle and a gun at the time of the incident.<a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a> Despite video evidence, Harris' father denied that his son had a gun. Others in Ferguson said that Harris might not have known he was firing at an unmarked police car.<a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a> On the night that Harris was shot, a free benefit concert to raise money for the family of Brown was sponsored by Activist/Rapper <a href="/wiki/Talib_Kweli" title="Talib Kweli">Talib Kweli</a>. Kweli along with Academy Award winner <a href="/wiki/Common_(rapper)" title="Common (rapper)">Common</a>, and other members of the <a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter">Black Lives Matter</a> movement were present. Harris was shot while the concert took place. The event and subsequent protest were filmed and organized into an award-winning short documentary entitled <a href="/wiki/Bars4Justice" title="Bars4Justice">#Bars4Justice</a> directed by multi-media activists Queen Muhammad Ali and Hakeem Khaaliq. The film won best short film at the 24th annual Pan African Film Festival in 2016. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_deaths_of_protestors">Later deaths of protestors</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferguson_unrest&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Later deaths of protestors">edit</a>]</div> As of March 2019<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ferguson_unrest&action=edit">[update]</a>, Ferguson protesters have continued to receive threats to their lives or wellbeing.<a href="#cite_note-2019-03-18-nbc-197">[197]</a> A number have died under circumstances viewed as suspicious by the community.<a href="#cite_note-2019-03-18-nbc-197">[197]</a> Continuing mistrust between the police and the community may have resulted in the police failing to adequately investigate these deaths.<a href="#cite_note-2019-03-18-nbc-197">[197]</a> On September 6, 2016, <a href="/wiki/Darren_Seals" title="Darren Seals">Darren Seals</a>, a leader in the Ferguson protests, was found shot and killed inside a burning car, similarly to DeAndre Joshua;<a href="#cite_note-2019-03-18-nbc-197">[197]</a> he was 29 years old.<a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a> Edward Crawford, known for an iconic photograph of him throwing a tear gas canister during the protests, also died in 2017 after an apparent suicide, according to police. A number of media outlets had reported that Crawford had thrown the canister at police; however, he later told the St. Louis Post-Dispatch that he was throwing it away from children in the crowd.<a href="#cite_note-Coleman_2020-199">[199]</a><a href="#cite_note-O'Hara_2017-200">[200]</a><a href="#cite_note-Griffin_2017-201">[201]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_developments">Related developments</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferguson_unrest&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Related developments">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Town_hall_meetings">Town hall meetings</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferguson_unrest&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Town hall meetings">edit</a>]</div> In order to develop a dialogue between authorities and residents, a series of five town meetings in October and November were set up by City leaders. The DOJ's Community Relations Service was involved, and the meetings were closed to the media and non-residents.<a href="#cite_note-MSNBC.Meetings-202">[202]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Voter_registration">Voter registration</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferguson_unrest&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Voter registration">edit</a>]</div> It was reported that 3,200 inhabitants (out of 21,000) had registered to vote in Ferguson since Michael Brown's death.<a href="#cite_note-USAToday.Voter-203">[203]</a> Later, the election board stated that the released numbers were inaccurate and only 128 new voter registrations occurred. The larger number was the total number of interactions with Ferguson voters, including address changes or other alterations.<a href="#cite_note-CBS.Voter-204">[204]</a><a href="#cite_note-RFTimes.Voter-205">[205]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ferguson_PR_sub-contractor_fired">Ferguson PR sub-contractor fired</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferguson_unrest&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Ferguson PR sub-contractor fired">edit</a>]</div> Devin James, a minority PR person hired shortly before the unrest began, was fired by the St. Louis Economic Development Partnership after his prior record came to light. James worked directly with the Ferguson Police Chief and seems to be the one who suggested the video apology, among other things.<a href="#cite_note-STLToday.James2-206">[206]</a> The Partnership was informed that James served a 90-day work farm sentence in 2009 for reckless homicide. As a victim of an armed robbery in 2004, he shot 8 times and killed one of his two assailants. Earlier in 2004, he was shot in the shoulder as a victim of another armed robbery. After a troubled youth, James managed to attend university, but the two robberies prevented him from obtaining a degree.<a href="#cite_note-STLToday.James-207">[207]</a> James kept his position on a pro bono basis. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Injunction_against_"keep_moving"_rule_at_peaceful_protests">Injunction against "keep moving" rule at peaceful protests</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferguson_unrest&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Injunction against "keep moving" rule at peaceful protests">edit</a>]</div> On September 29, 2014, the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_Liberties_Union" title="American Civil Liberties Union">ACLU</a> asked a federal court to order police to stop using the "keep moving" rule during protests in Ferguson, which prevented people from standing still under threat of arrest. St. Louis County Police Chief Jon Belmar testified that the rule was meant to be used for the most volatile night protests during curfew and was mistakenly used by some officers at calm protests during the day.<a href="#cite_note-STLToday.Moving-208">[208]</a> On October 6, Chief Judge <a href="/wiki/Catherine_D._Perry" title="Catherine D. Perry">Catherine D. Perry</a>, of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Eastern_District_of_Missouri" title="United States District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri">United States District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri</a>, ruled that "The practice of requiring peaceful demonstrators and others to walk, rather than stand still, violates the constitution," and issued an injunction against the practice for peaceful, law-abiding protesters in Ferguson.<a href="#cite_note-washPost.Unconstitutional-209">[209]</a><a href="#cite_note-210">[210]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rebuilding_process">Rebuilding process</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferguson_unrest&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Rebuilding process">edit</a>]</div> The QuikTrip that was looted and burned during the first night of unrest will be rebuilt as a job training center as part of the Urban League of Metropolitan St. Louis's "empowering communities" effort. The center, when complete, will house the new Save Our Sons program. St. Louis area companies have contributed $1.2 million toward the effort, meant to give young jobless or underemployed men a month's training before matching them with area jobs.<a href="#cite_note-211">[211]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Philanthropy_help">Philanthropy help</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferguson_unrest&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Philanthropy help">edit</a>]</div> Wanting to aid the healing process of the wounded city, an anonymous couple called the Greater Saint Louis Community Foundation and set up a $100,000 fund. But the generous couple didn't know which programs or initiatives would best help Ferguson, so they requested that a racially balanced group of Ferguson residents make the decision on how to distribute the money.<a href="#cite_note-212">[212]</a> The Come Together Ferguson grant committee—made up of pairs of black and white teachers, police officers, pastors, and residents—decided to award the first round of grants to Ferguson summer youth programs. On Saturday, May 23, 2015, the committee announced it would distribute $39,000 to eleven organizations, selected out of 42 applications.<a href="#cite_note-213">[213]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_police_chief_named">New police chief named</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferguson_unrest&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: New police chief named">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Delrish_Moss" title="Delrish Moss">Delrish Moss</a>, a seasoned Miami police officer with decades of experience related to public relations and community outreach, was appointed police chief in April 2016. Major Moss, who is black, will be leading the primarily white police force in protecting a community where over half of residents are African American.<a href="#cite_note-214">[214]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Racial_context">Racial context</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferguson_unrest&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Racial context">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a> noted that racial disparities had already existed between the Ferguson Police Department and its citizenry, which had experienced significant demographic changes since 2000.<a href="#cite_note-WashPost.Even-215">[215]</a> Protests,<a href="#cite_note-NYDailyNews.Stage-216">[216]</a> vandalism, and other forms of social unrest continued for more than a week,<a href="#cite_note-KY3.Next-217">[217]</a> and the violence escalated despite the imposition of a night curfew.<a href="#cite_note-Economist.Police-218">[218]</a><a href="#cite_note-Vox.Tensions-219">[219]</a> Several of the stores looted during the unrest are <a href="/wiki/Asian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian American">Asian American</a>-owned, with <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Beast" title="The Daily Beast">The Daily Beast</a> writing that Asian-Americans tend to be "left out" of the race relations discussion.<a href="#cite_note-220">[220]</a> Also according to The Washington Post, the Ferguson Police Department "bears little demographic resemblance" to the mostly African-American community, which already harbored "suspicions of the law enforcement agency" preceding Brown's shooting, with 48 of the police force's 53 officers being white,<a href="#cite_note-LATimes.Unrest-221">[221]</a> while the population is only one-third white and about two-thirds black.<a href="#cite_note-WashPost.Even-215">[215]</a><a href="#cite_note-msnbc-20140812-222">[222]</a> The community had experienced rapid demographic change in recent years; in 2000, just over half of the population was black.<a href="#cite_note-WashPost.Even-215">[215]</a> An annual report last year by the office of Missouri's attorney general concluded that Ferguson police were "twice as likely to arrest African Americans during traffic stops as they were whites."<a href="#cite_note-WashPost.Even-215">[215]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a> argued that the situation that exploded in Ferguson "has been building for decades," stating that the protesters initially came from the town as well as from neighboring towns that have pockets of poverty, the poorest towns in St. Louis, and it also argued that "the growing challenge of the suburbanization of poverty" was the catalyst of the unrest.<a href="#cite_note-LATimes.Economy-223">[223]</a> <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time magazine</a> argued that "<a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">Blacks</a> in this country are more apt to riot because they are one of the populations here which still needs to riot. In the case of the <a href="/wiki/1992_Los_Angeles_riots" title="1992 Los Angeles riots">1992 riots</a>, 30 years of black people trying to talk about their struggles against racial profiling are muted, but their reaction to still vastly unfair, treatment, came to a boil. Sometimes, enough is simply too much. And after that catalyst event, the landscape of southern California changed, and nationally, police forces took note."<a href="#cite_note-TM-224">[224]</a> Another aspect of this situation might stem from a system that burdens the poor and black in Ferguson.<a href="#cite_note-225">[225]</a> Minor traffic offenses are the starting point, and the costs spiral up rapidly if the offenders do not pay the fines on time or do not appear in court.<a href="#cite_note-226">[226]</a> The income from court fines represented the second-largest source of revenue for Ferguson in 2013. On October 1, 2014, the city of St. Louis canceled 220,000 arrest warrants and gave a three-month delay to the offenders to get a new court date before the warrants would be reissued.<a href="#cite_note-MNSBC.Warrants-227">[227]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reactions">Reactions</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferguson_unrest&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Reactions">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Prose plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Prose" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section is in <a href="/wiki/MOS:LIST" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:LIST">list</a> format but may read better as <a href="/wiki/MOS:PROSE" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:PROSE">prose</a>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ferguson_unrest&action=edit">converting this section</a>, if appropriate. <a href="/wiki/Help:Editing" title="Help:Editing">Editing help</a> is available. (January 2015)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_the_United_States">In the United States</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferguson_unrest&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: In the United States">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Federal_government">Federal government</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferguson_unrest&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Federal government">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>On August 12, citing an incident where a St. Louis County Police Department helicopter was fired on from the ground, the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Aviation_Administration" title="Federal Aviation Administration">FAA</a> implemented a no-fly zone over Ferguson.<a href="#cite_note-Time.Fly-228">[228]</a><a href="#cite_note-FAA.NOTAM-229">[229]</a> Recordings of telephone conversations between FAA employees later revealed that the true reason the flight restrictions were requested was to keep news helicopters out of the area during the protest violence. The tapes were obtained by the <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_Information_Act_(United_States)" title="Freedom of Information Act (United States)">Freedom of Information Act (FOIA)</a> request.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes.Tapes-230">[230]</a></li> <li>In an August 14 op-ed in <a href="/wiki/Time_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Time Magazine">Time Magazine</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senator" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senator">U.S. Senator</a> <a href="/wiki/Rand_Paul" title="Rand Paul">Rand Paul</a> (<a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">R-</a>Kentucky) said that police forces need to be demilitarized and that "[t]he shooting of 18-year-old Michael Brown is an awful tragedy" and that "Anyone who thinks race does not skew the application of criminal justice in this country is just not paying close enough attention."<a href="#cite_note-Time.Paul-231">[231]</a></li> <li>Senator <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren">Elizabeth Warren</a> (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">D-</a>Massachusetts) and Representative <a href="/wiki/Justin_Amash" title="Justin Amash">Justin Amash</a> (R-Michigan) tweeted similar descriptions of Ferguson as a "war zone" in the aftermath of the police actions of August 12, with Amash calling the situation "frightening" on August 13 and Warren demanding answers on August 14.<a href="#cite_note-MediaiteWarrenAmash-232">[232]</a></li> <li>On August 23, <a href="/wiki/U.S._President" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. President">U.S. President</a> <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> ordered a review of the distribution of military hardware to state and local police, questioning the use of such equipment during the racial unrest in Ferguson. The review will be led by White House staff and includes the <a href="/wiki/Domestic_Policy_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Domestic Policy Council">Domestic Policy Council</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Security_Council" title="United States National Security Council">National Security Council</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Management_and_Budget" title="Office of Management and Budget">Office of Management and Budget</a>, as well as other agencies including the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">Department of Defense</a>, <a href="/wiki/Homeland_Security" class="mw-redirect" title="Homeland Security">Homeland Security</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">Justice Department</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Department of the Treasury">Treasury Department</a>, in coordination with Congress.<a href="#cite_note-Reuters.ObamaReview-233">[233]</a> Attorney General Eric Holder said in a statement to The New York Times that "it makes sense to take a look at whether military-style equipment is being acquired for the right purposes and whether there is proper training on when and how to deploy it" and that "[d]isplays of force in response to mostly peaceful demonstrations can be counterproductive."<a href="#cite_note-USAToday.WhiteHouse-234">[234]</a></li> <li>On September 4, Eric Holder announced that the Justice Department will investigate Ferguson police force for possible misconduct or discrimination, saying that, "[w]e have determined that there is cause for the Justice Department to open an investigation to determine whether Ferguson police officials have engaged in a pattern or practice of violations of the U.S. Constitution or federal law."<a href="#cite_note-WSJ.JusticeDept-18">[18]</a> Attorney General Holder indicated that an overhaul similar to a recent agreement with the <a href="/wiki/Albuquerque" class="mw-redirect" title="Albuquerque">Albuquerque</a> police department over use of excessive force could be called for in Ferguson. "It's pretty clear that the need for wholesale change in that department is appropriate," Holder said.<a href="#cite_note-Washington_Post-19">[19]</a></li> <li>On September 24 at the United Nations General Assembly, President Obama described the racial tensions at Ferguson as a failure to live up to America's ideals, and said that, "[i]n a summer marked by instability in the Middle East and Eastern Europe, I know the world also took notice of the small American city of Ferguson, Missouri – where a young man was killed, and a community was divided. So yes, we have our own racial and ethnic tensions."<a href="#cite_note-HuffPo.Embarrassment-235">[235]</a></li> <li>On November 24, minutes after a prosecuting attorney announced that a <a href="/wiki/Grand_jury" title="Grand jury">grand jury</a> decided not to indict police officer Darren Wilson, President Obama urged calm and restraint in Ferguson, saying racial discrimination and distrust of police cannot be resolved by "throwing bottles." Immediately after the shooting and in the weeks leading up to the grand jury announcement, President Obama has made several such calls for calm and restraint in Ferguson.<a href="#cite_note-236">[236]</a></li> <li>On November 24, after reports of gunshots fired into the sky in Ferguson, the FAA diverted some flights to other airports that were inbound to St. Louis. Departures were not affected. The <a href="/wiki/Temporary_Flight_Restriction" class="mw-redirect" title="Temporary Flight Restriction">Temporary Flight Restriction</a> said that no news helicopters or commercial flights were allowed in a three-mile radius up to an altitude of 3000 feet.<a href="#cite_note-237">[237]</a><a href="#cite_note-238">[238]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Supreme_Court_Justices">Supreme Court Justices</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferguson_unrest&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Supreme Court Justices">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Associate_Justice_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States">Justice</a> <a href="/wiki/Ruth_Bader_Ginsburg" title="Ruth Bader Ginsburg">Ruth Bader Ginsburg</a> said in an August 22 interview with <a href="/wiki/The_National_Law_Journal" title="The National Law Journal">The National Law Journal</a> that the events at Ferguson and the <a href="/wiki/Stop-and-frisk_in_New_York_City" title="Stop-and-frisk in New York City">stop-and-frisk policies in New York City</a>, point to a "real racial problem" in the U.S.<a href="#cite_note-NationalLawJournal.Justice-239">[239]</a> Additionally, <a href="/wiki/Sonia_Sotomayor" title="Sonia Sotomayor">Justice Sonia Sotomayor</a> cited the Department of Justice's "Ferguson Report" extensively in her dissent in the 2016 Fourth-Amendment case Utah v. Strieff as evidence of systemic racial bias in police practice.<a href="#cite_note-240">[240]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Missouri_government">Missouri government</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferguson_unrest&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Missouri government">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>On August 14, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governors of Missouri">Governor of Missouri</a> <a href="/wiki/Jay_Nixon" title="Jay Nixon">Jay Nixon</a> stated that the Ferguson riots were "deeply challenging" and "promised 'operational shifts' to ease the situation,<a href="#cite_note-BBC.Nixon-241">[241]</a> using the <a href="/wiki/Missouri_State_Highway_Patrol" title="Missouri State Highway Patrol">Missouri State Highway Patrol</a> to direct security.<a href="#cite_note-CNN.Troopers-56">[56]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Chappelle-Nadal" title="Maria Chappelle-Nadal">Maria Chappelle-Nadal</a>, a Missouri Senator who represented parts of Ferguson and was tear-gassed during the demonstrations, said in an interview that "It doesn't matter if Michael Brown committed theft or not. That's not the issue. The issue is what happened when Darren Wilson encountered Michael Brown, and when he died—when he was killed. Those are the only facts that are necessary."<a href="#cite_note-HuffPost.Equal-242">[242]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Knowles_III" title="James Knowles III">James Knowles III</a>, the Mayor of Ferguson, was slow to seek support and coordination from state and county authorities as violence and civil unrest developed in his municipality. Mayor Knowles did not receive a phone call from either the Governor or others as riots developed and even as others came on the scene, no one appeared to take charge.<a href="#cite_note-243">[243]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Local_authorities">Local authorities</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferguson_unrest&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Local authorities">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jennings,_Missouri" title="Jennings, Missouri">Jennings, Missouri</a>: On August 11, in response to safety concerns, the school district in nearby <a href="/wiki/Jennings,_Missouri" title="Jennings, Missouri">Jennings</a> cancelled the first day of classes.<a href="#cite_note-STLToday.Events-244">[244]</a><a href="#cite_note-245">[245]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferguson-Florissant_School_District" title="Ferguson-Florissant School District">Ferguson-Florissant School District, Missouri</a>: On August 13, in response to the continuing unrest in the community, Ferguson-Florissant schools that were to open Thursday were closed and scheduled to reopen on Monday.<a href="#cite_note-246">[246]</a> On Sunday Aug 17, the school district again cancelled the first day of classes due to ongoing unrest. On Monday, administrators for the district announced that school would continue to be closed through the end of the school week.<a href="#cite_note-STLToday.Classes-247">[247]</a></li> <li>On August 12, <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Police_Department,_City_of_St._Louis" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan Police Department, City of St. Louis">Metropolitan Police Department, City of St. Louis</a> Commissioner of Police <a href="/wiki/Sam_Dotson" title="Sam Dotson">Sam Dotson</a> decided against providing any more manpower to Ferguson owing to concerns about the welfare of the protesters and the handling of the situation by local police.<a href="#cite_note-AP.Tactics-248">[248]</a></li> <li>On September 1, it was reported that, after receiving a large amount of criticism regarding their practices, the police force in Ferguson had begun to wear <a href="/wiki/Body_camera" title="Body camera">body cameras</a>. The cameras had been donated to the police by two private security firms.<a href="#cite_note-NBCNews.Cameras-249">[249]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Brown_family">Brown family</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferguson_unrest&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Brown family">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>One of Brown's cousins released a statement saying that "the stealing and breaking in stores is not what Mike will want, it is very upsetting to me and my family." The statement also said, "Our family didn't ask for this but for justice and peace."<a href="#cite_note-NYDailyNews.FBI-250">[250]</a></li> <li>After the grand jury's decision was announced, Brown's mother, Lesley McSpadden, speaking to a crowd, expressed feelings of disbelief and innocence.<a href="#cite_note-251">[251]</a> Brown's stepfather, Louis Head, turned to a crowd of demonstrators who had gathered, and yelled, "Burn this motherfucker down" and "Burn this bitch down," according to a New York Times video.<a href="#cite_note-252">[252]</a> He later apologized for his outburst.<a href="#cite_note-253">[253]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Polls">Polls</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferguson_unrest&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Polls">edit</a>]</div> A <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="Pew Research">Pew Research</a> poll conducted August 14–17 among 1,000 adults, found stark racial and political divisions in reactions to the shooting. By about four-to-one, African Americans (80% to 18%) said the shooting raised important issues about race, while whites, by 47% to 37%, said the issue of race is getting more attention than it deserves. The divide in public opinion was also observed across partisan lines, with 68% of Democrats (including 62% of white Democrats) believing the incident raises important issues about race that merit discussion, compared with 40% of Independents and 22% of Republicans. Republicans were also more likely than Democrats to view the police response as appropriate (43%), compared with 21% of Democrats; 65% of Republicans expressed confidence in the investigations into the incident, compared with 38% of Democrats.<a href="#cite_note-PewResearch.Stark-254">[254]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Third_parties">Third parties</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferguson_unrest&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Third parties">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Protest_at_Ferguson_police_dept.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Protest_at_Ferguson_police_dept.jpg/220px-Protest_at_Ferguson_police_dept.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Protest_at_Ferguson_police_dept.jpg/330px-Protest_at_Ferguson_police_dept.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Protest_at_Ferguson_police_dept.jpg/440px-Protest_at_Ferguson_police_dept.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Protestors gather at the Ferguson police department</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>As of December 28, 2014, at least 253 demonstrations had been held worldwide for Michael Brown or in solidarity with Ferguson.<a href="#cite_note-255">[255]</a></li> <li>Local pastors held a vigil on the morning of Sunday, August 10.<a href="#cite_note-ktvi140810-256">[256]</a> Another vigil was planned on the same day, at 8:00 p.m. in the area where Brown was killed.<a href="#cite_note-ktvi140810-256">[256]</a></li> <li>National vigils and marches occurred on the evening of Thursday, August 14, in over 100 cities around the U.S. with thousands in attendance. They were organized by FeministaJones, using Twitter and the #NMOS14 hashtag.<a href="#cite_note-WashPost.Facebook-257">[257]</a><a href="#cite_note-258">[258]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hacktivism" title="Hacktivism">Hacktivists</a> claiming an association with <a href="/wiki/Anonymous_(group)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anonymous (group)">Anonymous</a> and operating under the codename "Operation Ferguson" organized cyberprotests by setting up a website and a Twitter account.<a href="#cite_note-WashPost.Riot-259">[259]</a> The group promised that if any protesters were harassed or harmed, they would attack the city's servers and computers, taking them offline.<a href="#cite_note-WashPost.Riot-259">[259]</a> City officials said that e-mail systems were targeted and phones died, while the Internet crashed at the City Hall.<a href="#cite_note-WashPost.Riot-259">[259]</a><a href="#cite_note-STLToday.Hackers-260">[260]</a> Prior to August 15, members of Anonymous corresponding with <a href="/wiki/Mother_Jones_(magazine)" title="Mother Jones (magazine)">Mother Jones</a> said that they were working on confirming the identity of the undisclosed police officer who shot Brown and would release his name as soon as they did.<a href="#cite_note-MoJo.Anonymous-261">[261]</a> On August 14, Anonymous posted on its Twitter feed what it claimed was the name of the officer involved in the shooting.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes.Obama-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-262">[262]</a> However, police said the identity released by Anonymous was incorrect.<a href="#cite_note-263">[263]</a> Twitter subsequently suspended the Anonymous account from its service.<a href="#cite_note-STLToday.Twitter-264">[264]</a></li> <li>A group of Tibetan monks joined the protesters in Ferguson on Sunday, August 17.<a href="#cite_note-265">[265]</a><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ferguson_Day_6,_Picture_19.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Ferguson_Day_6%2C_Picture_19.png/220px-Ferguson_Day_6%2C_Picture_19.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Ferguson_Day_6%2C_Picture_19.png/330px-Ferguson_Day_6%2C_Picture_19.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Ferguson_Day_6%2C_Picture_19.png/440px-Ferguson_Day_6%2C_Picture_19.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="664" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Civil_and_political_rights" title="Civil and political rights">Civil rights</a> leader Reverend <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Jackson" title="Jesse Jackson">Jesse Jackson</a> in Ferguson, August 17, 2014</figcaption></figure></li> <li>On August 17, about 150 people protested in downtown St. Louis in support of Darren Wilson. The protesters argued that Wilson had been victimized and that any punishment for him would cause law enforcement officers to be "frightened to do their jobs."<a href="#cite_note-Cleveland.WilsonRally-266">[266]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>, along with <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)" title="ABC News (United States)">ABC News</a> and others, described the incident as having triggered a national debate on race relations, as well as the use of force and the militarization of the police in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-KY3.Next-217">[217]</a></li> <li>The Green Shadow Cabinet, a group led by 2012 <a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_the_United_States" title="Green Party of the United States">Green Party</a> presidential nominee Dr. <a href="/wiki/Jill_Stein" title="Jill Stein">Jill Stein</a>, stated on August 14 that "[a] healthy response by the local police and government agencies in Ferguson and St. Louis County would have been to immediately announce a full investigation of the shooting and a review of police policies and practices."<a href="#cite_note-267">[267]</a></li> <li>Some veterans of the U.S. Armed Forces criticized the tactics and procedures used by the police during the unrest, including the use of assault rifles in a protest situation. They also criticized the choice to use canine units, which played into racial imagery exacerbating the issue and encouraged engaging the civilian population in dialogue and social media.<a href="#cite_note-268">[268]</a></li> <li>On September 22, protesters received support from a California-based group called We Copwatch to improve the way they record their interactions with the police.<a href="#cite_note-KSKD.Cameras-269">[269]</a></li> <li>In October 2014, members of the Emerson Unitarian Universalist Chapel in the primarily white St. Louis suburb of Chesterfield, Missouri, held its first Black Lives Matter vigil to honor Michael Brown.<a href="#cite_note-STLToday.FirstWECAN-270">[270]</a> The group evolved into the West County Community Action Network (WE CAN), a grassroots organization that holds weekly Black Lives Matter vigils in visible locations in primarily white portions of St. Louis County, Missouri. The organization advocates about various Calls to Action of the Ferguson Commission Report, Forward Through Ferguson: A Path Toward Racial Equity,<a href="#cite_note-STLPublicRadio.Report-271">[271]</a> a 2015 analysis that highlighted structural contributions to inequity in the region and ways to address them.<a href="#cite_note-STLMag.Report-272">[272]</a> The group's efforts, focused in the western area of the county, include working to dismantle the school-to-prison pipeline,<a href="#cite_note-WestNewsMagazine.Parkway-273">[273]</a> promoting racial equity in police work,<a href="#cite_note-STLToday.FirstWECAN-270">[270]</a> and advocating about racially equitable voting rights.<a href="#cite_note-StLouisCo.Elections-274">[274]</a> Members of the group are also poised to respond to racist acts in the area.<a href="#cite_note-FoxNews2.WECANResponse-275">[275]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Rams" title="St. Louis Rams">St. Louis Rams</a> wide receiver <a href="/wiki/Kenny_Britt" title="Kenny Britt">Kenny Britt</a> led his teammates <a href="/wiki/Tavon_Austin" title="Tavon Austin">Tavon Austin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jared_Cook" title="Jared Cook">Jared Cook</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stedman_Bailey" title="Stedman Bailey">Stedman Bailey</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chris_Givens" title="Chris Givens">Chris Givens</a> in giving the "Hands up, Don't shoot." gesture when walking on to the field prior to the November 30 contest against the <a href="/wiki/Oakland_Raiders" title="Oakland Raiders">Oakland Raiders</a>. The five came under fire from several media outlets, including <a href="/wiki/Mike_Ditka" title="Mike Ditka">Mike Ditka</a>, who called the display "embarrassing."<a href="#cite_note-276">[276]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_reactions">International reactions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferguson_unrest&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: International reactions">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> – The Chinese state news <a href="/wiki/Xinhua_News_Agency" title="Xinhua News Agency">Xinhua News Agency</a> said hours before the governor ordered National Guard troops into Ferguson, "Obviously, what the United States needs to do is to concentrate on solving its own problems rather than always pointing fingers at others."<a href="#cite_note-LATimes.International-277">[277]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> – Its <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Egypt)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Egypt)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> stressed that it agrees calls for "self restraint and respect for the right of assembly and peaceful expression of opinion" in the protests, hoping that the American authorities deal with the protests according to "the international standards."<a href="#cite_note-DNEgypt.Restraint-278">[278]</a> Egypt's Foreign Ministry Spokesman said that Egypt is closely following up with the "mounting protests" in Ferguson.<a href="#cite_note-AswatMasriya.Egypt-279">[279]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice_(France)" title="Ministry of Justice (France)">French Minister of Justice</a> <a href="/wiki/Christiane_Taubira" title="Christiane Taubira">Christiane Taubira</a> commented on <a href="/wiki/Radio_France_Internationale" title="Radio France Internationale">Radio France Internationale</a>, "I will not make value judgements on the institutions of the United States but when the sense of frustration is that strong, that deep, that long-lasting and that huge, there is reason to question whether people trust these institutions. You realise that somehow it only happens to the same people: Afro-American kids. Certain clichés still persist, certain prejudices which can create terrible reflexes." She also tweeted in French "Michael Brown, racial profiling, social exclusion, territorial segregation, cultural relegation, weapons, fear, fatal cocktail." Taking a line of the song <a href="/wiki/I_Shot_the_Sheriff" title="I Shot the Sheriff">I Shot the Sheriff</a> by <a href="/wiki/Bob_Marley" title="Bob Marley">Bob Marley</a>, she added: "Kill them before they grow?."<a href="#cite_note-280">[280]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_News_Agency" title="Islamic Republic News Agency">Islamic Republic News Agency</a> commented, "Violence has become institutionalized in the U.S. in recent years, but since President Obama, the 2009 Nobel Peace Prize winner, came to the White House, the violence has intensified, and now it has erupted against blacks in Ferguson."<a href="#cite_note-LATimes.International-277">[277]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a> - called the United States a "human rights graveyard,"<a href="#cite_note-281">[281]</a> the "laughingstock of the world," and "a country wantonly violating the human rights where people are subject to discrimination and humiliation due to their race and are seized with such horror that they do not know when they are [going to be] shot to death."<a href="#cite_note-282">[282]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Russian_Foreign_Ministry" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Foreign Ministry">Russian Foreign Ministry</a> stated, "Our American partners [have] to pay more attention to restoring order in their own country before imposing their dubious experience on other nations" and that the U.S. "has positioned itself as a 'bastion of human rights' and is actively engaged in 'export of democracy' on a systematic basis," but that "serious violations of basic human rights and barbaric practices thrive" in the country.<a href="#cite_note-LATimes.International-277">[277]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Foreign_Ministry" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish Foreign Ministry">Turkish Foreign Ministry</a> criticized the U.S. police for detaining a correspondent of the state Anadolu news agency while he covered protests in Ferguson, Missouri, calling it unacceptable and against the freedom of press.<a href="#cite_note-283">[283]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Others">Others</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferguson_unrest&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Others">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>From August 14 to 22, <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International_USA" title="Amnesty International USA">Amnesty International USA</a> had a team of human rights observers, trainers and researchers in Ferguson. It included organizers to train activists in the use of non-violent protests.<a href="#cite_note-Amnesty.Delegation-284">[284]</a><a href="#cite_note-Amnesty.Report-285">[285]</a> This was the first time that <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> has deployed such a team to the United States.<a href="#cite_note-Buzzfeed.Amnesty-286">[286]</a><a href="#cite_note-LATimes.Curfew-287">[287]</a><a href="#cite_note-HuffPost.Amnesty-288">[288]</a> In a subsequent report of October 24, 2014, they expressed concerns for <a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">human rights</a> in Ferguson, related to the use of lethal force in the death of Brown, racial discrimination and excessive use of police force, imposition of restrictions on the rights to protest, intimidation of protesters, the use of tear gas, <a href="/wiki/Rubber_bullet" title="Rubber bullet">rubber bullets</a> and <a href="/wiki/Long_range_acoustic_device" class="mw-redirect" title="Long range acoustic device">long range acoustic devices</a>, restrictions imposed on the media covering the protests, and lack of accountability for law enforcement policing protests.<a href="#cite_note-Amnesty.Report-285">[285]</a><a href="#cite_note-TimeMag.Amnesty-289">[289]</a></li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Palestine">Palestine</a>, people from Gaza and other Palestinian cities expressed their support for the protestors in Ferguson and shared tips on how to deal with tear gas and police violence, noting the weapons fired in Ferguson come from companies that supply Israel.<a href="#cite_note-290">[290]</a><a href="#cite_note-291">[291]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine" title="Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine">PFLP</a> released an official statement of solidarity with Ferguson, acknowledging the ties between the Palestinian struggle to liberation and the black liberation movement in the US.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant">Islamic State</a> militants stated that they will use social media to encourage Islamic extremism in Ferguson.<a href="#cite_note-uptown-292">[292]</a><a href="#cite_note-WashPost.Isis-293">[293]</a></li> <li>On August 18, <a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_United_Nations" title="Secretary-General of the United Nations">Secretary-General of the United Nations</a> <a href="/wiki/Ban_Ki-moon" title="Ban Ki-moon">Ban Ki-moon</a> called for U.S. authorities to ensure protection of the protesters' rights to peaceful assembly and freedom of expression. Through a spokesman, Ban called for "all to exercise restraint, for law enforcement officials to abide by U.S. and international standards in dealing with demonstrators."<a href="#cite_note-Reuters.UN-294">[294]</a></li> <li>Protesters in Egypt expressed support for protesters in Ferguson using <a href="/wiki/Social_media" title="Social media">social media</a>, and offered advice on how to deal with tear gas.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes.Advice-295">[295]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> – In an interview with <a href="/wiki/Der_Spiegel" title="Der Spiegel">Der Spiegel</a>, Marcel Kuhlmey, security expert and professor in the department of security management at the <a href="/wiki/Berlin_School_of_Economics_and_Law" title="Berlin School of Economics and Law">Berlin School of Economics and Law</a>, asserted that what happened in Ferguson could never happen in Germany, stating that "In the U.S., it seems to me, the police are far quicker to resort to guns. Even at the training stage, there is a much heavier emphasis on shooting [than in Germany]."<a href="#cite_note-LATimes.International-277">[277]</a> <a href="/wiki/Die_Zeit" title="Die Zeit">Zeit Online</a> described the incident as an example of deep-rooted racism in the U.S., concluding that "the situation of African-Americans has barely improved since <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King</a>."<a href="#cite_note-WashPost.RestOfWorld2-296">[296]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azteca_(multimedia_conglomerate)" class="mw-redirect" title="Azteca (multimedia conglomerate)">Azteca News</a> wrote that Obama's "words of peace and reconciliation are perceived by many activists as inadequate and almost treason to a situation they see as a direct result of slavery and racial segregation laws that were in force until 1965."<a href="#cite_note-WashPost.RestOfWorld2-296">[296]</a></li> <li>Abigail Chandler of the newspaper <a href="/wiki/Metro_(British_newspaper)" title="Metro (British newspaper)">The Metro</a> wrote that "[w]hile the <a href="/wiki/2011_England_riots" title="2011 England riots">London riots</a> were at their worst, people were calling for rubber bullets, tear gas and water cannons to be used against the rioters, Ferguson is a living example of why we should be immensely grateful that those tactics were never used during the U.K. riots."<a href="#cite_note-WashPost.RestOfWorld2-296">[296]</a></li> <li>On November 25, 2014, journalist <a href="/wiki/Darlena_Cunha" title="Darlena Cunha">Darlena Cunha</a> had a <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time magazine</a> article published about the 2014 Ferguson unrest entitled "Ferguson: In Defense of Rioting." Cunha wrote that riots are "a necessary part of the evolution of society."<a href="#cite_note-TM-224">[224]</a></li> <li>On November 26, 2014, Stand Up To Racism and the <a href="/wiki/London_Black_Revolutionaries" title="London Black Revolutionaries">London Black Revolutionaries</a> organized a protest outside the <a href="/wiki/Embassy_of_the_United_States,_London" title="Embassy of the United States, London">Embassy of the United States, London</a> against the grand jury's decision, gathering hundreds of people throughout the night.<a href="#cite_note-297">[297]</a></li> <li>In 2020, Vicky Osterweil wrote <a href="/wiki/In_Defense_of_Looting" title="In Defense of Looting">In Defense of Looting</a> as an <a href="/wiki/Apologia" title="Apologia">apologia</a> for looting, as occurred in Ferguson, as a way to redistribute wealth under <a href="/wiki/Racial_capitalism" title="Racial capitalism">racial capitalism</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferguson_unrest&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Gallery">edit</a>]</div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 69.333333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 67.333333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Policesign.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A woman protesting against the militarization of police"><img alt="A woman protesting against the militarization of police" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Policesign.jpg/101px-Policesign.jpg" decoding="async" width="68" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Policesign.jpg/152px-Policesign.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Policesign.jpg/202px-Policesign.jpg 2x" data-file-width="540" data-file-height="960" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">A woman protesting against the <a href="/wiki/Militarization_of_police" title="Militarization of police">militarization of police</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 183.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 181.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Middle_of_the_crowd_in_Ferguson.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Protesters in Ferguson"><img alt="Protesters in Ferguson" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Middle_of_the_crowd_in_Ferguson.jpg/272px-Middle_of_the_crowd_in_Ferguson.jpg" decoding="async" width="182" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Middle_of_the_crowd_in_Ferguson.jpg/408px-Middle_of_the_crowd_in_Ferguson.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Middle_of_the_crowd_in_Ferguson.jpg/544px-Middle_of_the_crowd_in_Ferguson.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Protesters in Ferguson</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Ferguson,_Day_4,_Photo_48.png" class="mw-file-description" title="People marching in Ferguson, Missouri"><img alt="People marching in Ferguson, Missouri" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Ferguson%2C_Day_4%2C_Photo_48.png/271px-Ferguson%2C_Day_4%2C_Photo_48.png" decoding="async" width="181" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Ferguson%2C_Day_4%2C_Photo_48.png/407px-Ferguson%2C_Day_4%2C_Photo_48.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Ferguson%2C_Day_4%2C_Photo_48.png/542px-Ferguson%2C_Day_4%2C_Photo_48.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="664" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">People marching in Ferguson, Missouri</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 183.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 181.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Police_sharpshooter_at_Ferguson_protests.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sharpshooter, with weapon trained, atop a SWAT vehicle"><img alt="Sharpshooter, with weapon trained, atop a SWAT vehicle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Police_sharpshooter_at_Ferguson_protests.jpg/272px-Police_sharpshooter_at_Ferguson_protests.jpg" decoding="async" width="182" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Police_sharpshooter_at_Ferguson_protests.jpg/408px-Police_sharpshooter_at_Ferguson_protests.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Police_sharpshooter_at_Ferguson_protests.jpg/544px-Police_sharpshooter_at_Ferguson_protests.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sharpshooter, with weapon trained, atop a SWAT vehicle</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><a href="/wiki/File:St._Charles_County_SWAT_team.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="St. Charles County SWAT team at Ferguson. The device on top of the armored vehicle is a type of directed-energy weapon called an LRAD"><img alt="St. Charles County SWAT team at Ferguson. The device on top of the armored vehicle is a type of directed-energy weapon called an LRAD" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/St._Charles_County_SWAT_team.jpg/240px-St._Charles_County_SWAT_team.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/St._Charles_County_SWAT_team.jpg/360px-St._Charles_County_SWAT_team.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/St._Charles_County_SWAT_team.jpg/480px-St._Charles_County_SWAT_team.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">St. Charles County SWAT team at Ferguson. The device on top of the armored vehicle is a type of <a href="/wiki/Directed-energy_weapon" title="Directed-energy weapon">directed-energy weapon</a> called an <a href="/wiki/LRAD" class="mw-redirect" title="LRAD">LRAD</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Ferguson_Day_6,_Picture_12.png" class="mw-file-description" title="A woman holding a sign in Ferguson"><img alt="A woman holding a sign in Ferguson" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Ferguson_Day_6%2C_Picture_12.png/271px-Ferguson_Day_6%2C_Picture_12.png" decoding="async" width="181" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Ferguson_Day_6%2C_Picture_12.png/407px-Ferguson_Day_6%2C_Picture_12.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Ferguson_Day_6%2C_Picture_12.png/542px-Ferguson_Day_6%2C_Picture_12.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="664" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">A woman holding a sign in Ferguson</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferguson_unrest&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 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class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/30px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/46px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/61px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="606" data-file-height="558" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Law" title="Portal:Law">Law portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferguson_effect" title="Ferguson effect">Ferguson effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_incidents_of_civil_unrest_in_the_United_States" title="List of incidents of civil unrest in the United States">List of incidents of civil unrest in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_brutality_in_the_United_States" title="Police brutality in the United States">Police brutality in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_in_the_United_States_criminal_justice_system" title="Race in the United States criminal justice system">Race in the United States criminal justice system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_profiling" title="Racial profiling">Racial profiling</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferguson_unrest&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px 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class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Ferguson_unrest" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Ferguson unrest">Ferguson unrest</a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, 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<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/video/data/2.0/video/us/2014/08/12/sot-dorian-johnson-michael-brown-shooting.kmov.html">Video interview of eyewitness Dorian Johnson</a> on <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mediaite.com/tv/new-witness-to-michael-brown-shooting-speaks-to-don-lemon-about-what-she-saw/#ooid=hpbDJubzoH0CY5e4xT80_7PuopnCCq3s">Video interview of eyewitness Tiffany Mitchell</a> on <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140816160724/http://www.kmov.com/news/local/Heavy-police-presence--270609091.html">Video interview of eyewitness discussing the events that ended in vandalism, looting, and burning of Quik Trip store.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ksdk.com/story/news/crime/2014/08/10/ferguson-police-news-conference-michael-brown/13860601/">Video of St. Louis County Police Chief Jon Belmar giving his department's version of the circumstances and events that led to the death of Michael Brown</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20140810221333/http://www.ksdk.com/story/news/crime/2014/08/10/ferguson-police-news-conference-michael-brown/13860601/">Archived</a> August 10, 2014, at <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://on.msnbc.com/1t0UfAN">Rachel Maddow interview with City Alderman, Antonio French</a> after his arrest in Ferguson on charges of disorderly conduct</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=43&v=fcGby7xvoZg&feature=emb_logo">Nyota Uhura Speaks About</a> The Ferguson Riots And What Happened Later</li></ul> Collected photographs <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/infocus/2014/08/national-guard-sent-to-ferguson-missouri-after-week-of-chaos-and-protest/100794/">Images from Ferguson</a> collected photographs at <a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darkroom.baltimoresun.com/2014/08/images-that-define-fergusons-protests-hands-up-dont-shoot/#1">Images from Ferguson</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141223125558/http://darkroom.baltimoresun.com/2014/08/images-that-define-fergusons-protests-hands-up-dont-shoot/#1">Archived</a> December 23, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> collected photographs at <a href="/wiki/The_Baltimore_Sun" title="The Baltimore Sun">The Baltimore Sun</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digital.wustl.edu/ferguson">Documenting Ferguson</a> an online archive of images, audio, video, and stories, an initiative of <a href="/wiki/Washington_University_in_St._Louis" title="Washington University in St. Louis">Washington University in St. Louis</a></li></ul> Documents <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apps.stlpublicradio.org/ferguson-commission-priorities/assets/report.pdf">Ferguson Commission Report</a> Forward Through Ferguson: A Path Toward Racial Equity</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230811053256/https://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/opa/press-releases/attachments/2015/03/04/ferguson_police_department_report.pdf">"Investigation of the Ferguson Police Department"</a> (PDF). United States Department of Justice Civil Rights Division. March 4, 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/opa/press-releases/attachments/2015/03/04/ferguson_police_department_report.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on August 11, 2023. Retrieved August 15, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Investigation+of+the+Ferguson+Police+Department&rft.pub=United+States+Department+of+Justice+Civil+Rights+Division&rft.date=2015-03-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.justice.gov%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fopa%2Fpress-releases%2Fattachments%2F2015%2F03%2F04%2Fferguson_police_department_report.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerguson+unrest" class="Z3988"></li></ul> Organizations <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141014184350/http://fergusonoctober.com/">Ferguson October</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://forwardthroughferguson.org">Forward Through Ferguson</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2014_Ferguson_unrest" title="Template:2014 Ferguson unrest"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2014_Ferguson_unrest" title="Template talk:2014 Ferguson unrest"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2014_Ferguson_unrest" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2014 Ferguson unrest"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ferguson_unrest128" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ferguson unrest</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_of_Michael_Brown" class="mw-redirect" title="Shooting of Michael Brown">Shooting of Michael Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferguson,_Missouri" title="Ferguson, Missouri">Ferguson, Missouri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governmental agencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferguson_Police_Department_(Missouri)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferguson Police Department (Missouri)">Ferguson Police Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_National_Guard" title="Missouri National Guard">Missouri National Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_Attorney_General" title="Missouri Attorney General">Missouri Attorney General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">United States Attorney General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">Federal Bureau of Investigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_State_Highway_Patrol" title="Missouri State Highway Patrol">Missouri State Highway Patrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_County_Police_Department" title="St. Louis County Police Department">St. Louis County Police Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Charles_County_Police_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Charles County Police Department">St. Charles County Police Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Aviation_Administration" title="Federal Aviation Administration">Federal Aviation Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_White_House" class="mw-redirect" title="The White House">The White House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">United States Department of Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_Department_of_Public_Safety" title="Missouri Department of Public Safety">Missouri Department of Public Safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Police_Department,_City_of_St._Louis" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan Police Department, City of St. Louis">St. Louis Metropolitan Police Department</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Chappelle-Nadal" title="Maria Chappelle-Nadal">Maria Chappelle-Nadal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacy_Clay" title="Lacy Clay">Lacy Clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Dooley" title="Charlie Dooley">Charlie Dooley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doyle_Sam_Dotson_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Doyle Sam Dotson III">Doyle Sam Dotson III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hayden_Jr." title="John Hayden Jr.">John Hayden Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Holder" title="Eric Holder">Eric Holder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Isom" title="Daniel Isom">Daniel Isom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Jackson" title="Jesse Jackson">Jesse Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Knowles_III" title="James Knowles III">James Knowles III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Koster" title="Chris Koster">Chris Koster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_McCulloch_(prosecutor)" title="Bob McCulloch (prosecutor)">Bob McCulloch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Nixon" title="Jay Nixon">Jay Nixon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Slay" title="Francis Slay">Francis Slay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Stenger" title="Steve Stenger">Steve Stenger</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Protest organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferguson_Action" title="Ferguson Action">Ferguson Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hands_Up_United" title="Hands Up United">Hands Up United</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter">Black Lives Matter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Hands_up,_don%27t_shoot" title="Hands up, don't shoot">Hands up, don't shoot</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Shoot_(The_Game_song)" title="Don't Shoot (The Game song)">Don't Shoot</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferguson_Municipal_Public_Library" title="Ferguson Municipal Public Library">Ferguson Municipal Public Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Ferguson" title="Our Lady of Ferguson">Our Lady of Ferguson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Black_Lives_Matter454" style="wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;background-color:#CEE0F2;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Black_Lives_Matter" title="Template:Black Lives Matter"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Black_Lives_Matter" title="Template talk:Black Lives Matter"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Black_Lives_Matter" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Black Lives Matter"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Black_Lives_Matter454" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter">Black Lives Matter</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Melina_Abdullah" title="Melina Abdullah">Melina Abdullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tay_Anderson" title="Tay Anderson">Tay Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_Brooks" title="Cat Brooks">Cat Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cori_Bush" title="Cori Bush">Cori Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwen_Carr" title="Gwen Carr">Gwen Carr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Crump" title="Benjamin Crump">Benjamin Crump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrisse_Cullors" title="Patrisse Cullors">Patrisse Cullors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aalayah_Eastmond" title="Aalayah Eastmond">Aalayah Eastmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnetta_Elzie" title="Johnetta Elzie">Johnetta Elzie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Franks_Jr." title="Bruce Franks Jr.">Bruce Franks Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darnella_Frazier" title="Darnella Frazier">Darnella Frazier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erica_Garner" title="Erica Garner">Erica Garner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alicia_Garza" title="Alicia Garza">Alicia Garza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elle_Hearns" class="mw-redirect" title="Elle Hearns">Elle Hearns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandy_Hudson" title="Sandy Hudson">Sandy Hudson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blair_Imani" title="Blair Imani">Blair Imani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natalie_Aleta_Jackson" title="Natalie Aleta Jackson">Natalie Aleta Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marissa_Johnson" title="Marissa Johnson">Marissa Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sasha_Johnson" title="Sasha Johnson">Sasha Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jari_Jones" title="Jari Jones">Jari Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tishaura_Jones" title="Tishaura Jones">Tishaura Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariame_Kaba" title="Mariame Kaba">Mariame Kaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Kaepernick" title="Colin Kaepernick">Colin Kaepernick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brittany_Kamai" title="Brittany Kamai">Brittany Kamai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janaya_Khan" title="Janaya Khan">Janaya Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaun_King" title="Shaun King">Shaun King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nekima_Levy_Armstrong" title="Nekima Levy Armstrong">Nekima Levy Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eva_Lewis" title="Eva Lewis">Eva Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamika_Mallory" title="Tamika Mallory">Tamika Mallory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_McHarris" title="Philip McHarris">Philip McHarris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeRay_Mckesson" title="DeRay Mckesson">DeRay Mckesson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhiyidin_Moye" title="Muhiyidin Moye">Muhiyidin Moye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bree_Newsome" title="Bree Newsome">Bree Newsome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikkita_Oliver" title="Nikkita Oliver">Nikkita Oliver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ijeoma_Oluo" title="Ijeoma Oluo">Ijeoma Oluo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brittany_Packnett_Cunningham" title="Brittany Packnett Cunningham">Brittany Packnett Cunningham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Puryear" title="Eugene Puryear">Eugene Puryear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teressa_Raiford" title="Teressa Raiford">Teressa Raiford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jen_Reid" title="Jen Reid">Jen Reid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Sarsour" title="Linda Sarsour">Linda Sarsour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Sharpton" title="Al Sharpton">Al Sharpton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Sinyangwe" title="Samuel Sinyangwe">Samuel Sinyangwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_Stevens" title="Nova Stevens">Nova Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keeanga-Yamahtta_Taylor" title="Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor">Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Thompson_(Minnesota_politician)" title="John Thompson (Minnesota politician)">John Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ay%E1%BB%8D_Tometi" title="Ayọ Tometi">Ayọ Tometi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assa_Traor%C3%A9" title="Assa Traoré">Assa Traoré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrus_Marcus_Ware" title="Syrus Marcus Ware">Syrus Marcus Ware</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ferguson unrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Baltimore_protests" title="2015 Baltimore protests">2015 Baltimore protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015%E2%80%932016_University_of_Missouri_protests" title="2015–2016 University of Missouri protests">2015–2016 University of Missouri protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dismissal_of_Robert_Rialmo" title="Dismissal of Robert Rialmo">Dismissal of Robert Rialmo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Donald_Trump_Chicago_rally_protest" title="2016 Donald Trump Chicago rally protest">2016 Donald Trump Chicago rally protest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_St._Louis_protests" title="2017 St. Louis protests">2017 St. Louis protests</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breonna_Taylor_protests" title="Breonna Taylor protests">Breonna Taylor protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests" title="George Floyd protests">George Floyd protests</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_changes_made_due_to_the_George_Floyd_protests" title="List of changes made due to the George Floyd protests">changes made</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_name_changes_due_to_the_George_Floyd_protests" title="List of name changes due to the George Floyd protests">name changes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monuments_and_memorials_removed_during_the_George_Floyd_protests" title="List of monuments and memorials removed during the George Floyd protests">removal of monuments and memorials</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_the_George_Floyd_protests" title="Reactions to the George Floyd protests">reactions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Derek_Chauvin" title="Trial of Derek Chauvin">trial of Derek Chauvin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_and_controversies_during_the_George_Floyd_protests" title="Violence and controversies during the George Floyd protests">violence and controversies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_photo_op_at_St._John%27s_Church" title="Donald Trump photo op at St. John's Church">Donald Trump photo op at St. John's Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_police_violence_incidents_during_George_Floyd_protests" title="List of police violence incidents during George Floyd protests">police violence incidents</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_police_shoving_incident" title="Buffalo police shoving incident">Buffalo police shoving incident</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_gun-toting_incident" title="St. Louis gun-toting incident">St. Louis gun-toting incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vehicle-ramming_incidents_during_George_Floyd_protests" title="List of vehicle-ramming incidents during George Floyd protests">vehicle-ramming incidents</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Birders_Week" title="Black Birders Week">Black Birders Week</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackout_Tuesday" title="Blackout Tuesday">Blackout Tuesday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitol_Hill_Occupied_Protest" title="Capitol Hill Occupied Protest">Capitol Hill Occupied Protest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strike_for_Black_Lives_(academic_protest)" title="Strike for Black Lives (academic protest)">Academic strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strike_for_Black_Lives_(coalition_protest)" title="Strike for Black Lives (coalition protest)">General strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenosha_unrest" title="Kenosha unrest">Kenosha unrest</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kenosha_unrest_shooting" title="Kenosha unrest shooting">shooting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_American_athlete_strikes" title="2020 American athlete strikes">Athlete strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Minneapolis_false_rumors_riot" title="2020 Minneapolis false rumors riot">2020 Minneapolis false rumors riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932023_Minneapolis%E2%80%93Saint_Paul_racial_unrest" title="2020–2023 Minneapolis–Saint Paul racial unrest">2020–2023 Minneapolis–Saint Paul racial unrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orisha_Land" title="Orisha Land">Orisha Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daunte_Wright_protests" title="Daunte Wright protests">Daunte Wright protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Uptown_Minneapolis_unrest" title="2021 Uptown Minneapolis unrest">2021 Uptown Minneapolis unrest</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Deona_Marie_Knajdek" title="Killing of Deona Marie Knajdek">vehicle-ramming attack</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyre_Nichols_protests" title="Tyre Nichols protests">Tyre Nichols protests</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_protests_in_New_York_City" title="Black Lives Matter protests in New York City">Protests in New York City</a></li> <li>List of George Floyd protests <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_George_Floyd_protests_in_the_United_States" title="List of George Floyd protests in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_George_Floyd_protests_outside_the_United_States" title="List of George Floyd protests outside the United States">outside the United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Daunte_Wright_protests" title="List of Daunte Wright protests">List of Daunte Wright protests</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_unarmed_African_Americans_killed_by_law_enforcement_officers_in_the_United_States" title="List of unarmed African Americans killed by law enforcement officers in the United States">Deaths protested</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2009–2011</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Oscar_Grant" title="Killing of Oscar Grant">Oscar Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Aiyana_Jones" title="Killing of Aiyana Jones">Aiyana Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_James_Craig_Anderson" title="Murder of James Craig Anderson">James Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Mark_Duggan" title="Killing of Mark Duggan">Mark Duggan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Kenneth_Chamberlain_Sr." title="Killing of Kenneth Chamberlain Sr.">Kenneth Chamberlain Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Anthony_Lamar_Smith" title="Killing of Anthony Lamar Smith">Anthony Lamar Smith</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2012–2013</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Ramarley_Graham" title="Killing of Ramarley Graham">Ramarley Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Trayvon_Martin" title="Killing of Trayvon Martin">Trayvon Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Rekia_Boyd" title="Killing of Rekia Boyd">Rekia Boyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Jordan_Davis" title="Murder of Jordan Davis">Jordan Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Timothy_Russell_and_Malissa_Williams" title="Killing of Timothy Russell and Malissa Williams">Timothy Russell and Malissa Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Tyrone_West" title="Death of Tyrone West">Tyrone West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Larry_Jackson_Jr." title="Killing of Larry Jackson Jr.">Larry Jackson Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Jonathan_Ferrell" title="Killing of Jonathan Ferrell">Jonathan Ferrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Miriam_Carey" title="Killing of Miriam Carey">Miriam Carey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Renisha_McBride" title="Murder of Renisha McBride">Renisha McBride</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2014</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Dontre_Hamilton" title="Killing of Dontre Hamilton">Dontre Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Eric_Garner" title="Killing of Eric Garner">Eric Garner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_John_Crawford_III" title="Killing of John Crawford III">John Crawford III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Michael_Brown" title="Killing of Michael Brown">Michael Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Ezell_Ford" title="Killing of Ezell Ford">Ezell Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Laquan_McDonald" title="Murder of Laquan McDonald">Laquan McDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Akai_Gurley" title="Killing of Akai Gurley">Akai Gurley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Tamir_Rice" title="Killing of Tamir Rice">Tamir Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Antonio_Martin" title="Killing of Antonio Martin">Antonio Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Jerame_Reid" title="Killing of Jerame Reid">Jerame Reid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2015</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Natasha_McKenna" title="Death of Natasha McKenna">Natasha McKenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Charley_Leundeu_Keunang" title="Killing of Charley Leundeu Keunang">Charley Leundeu Keunang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Tony_Robinson" title="Killing of Tony Robinson">Tony Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Anthony_Hill" title="Killing of Anthony Hill">Anthony Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Meagan_Hockaday" title="Killing of Meagan Hockaday">Meagan Hockaday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Eric_Harris" title="Killing of Eric Harris">Eric Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Walter_Scott" title="Killing of Walter Scott">Walter Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Freddie_Gray" title="Killing of Freddie Gray">Freddie Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_William_Chapman" title="Killing of William Chapman">William Chapman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charleston_church_shooting" title="Charleston church shooting">Charleston church shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Jonathan_Sanders" title="Death of Jonathan Sanders">Jonathan Sanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Sandra_Bland" title="Death of Sandra Bland">Sandra Bland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Samuel_DuBose" title="Killing of Samuel DuBose">Samuel DuBose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Mansur_Ball-Bey" title="Killing of Mansur Ball-Bey">Mansur Ball-Bey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Jeremy_McDole" title="Killing of Jeremy McDole">Jeremy McDole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Corey_Jones" title="Killing of Corey Jones">Corey Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Jamar_Clark" title="Killing of Jamar Clark">Jamar Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Woods" class="mw-redirect" title="Mario Woods">Mario Woods</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2016</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Greg_Gunn" title="Killing of Greg Gunn">Greg Gunn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Alton_Sterling" title="Killing of Alton Sterling">Alton Sterling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Philando_Castile" title="Killing of Philando Castile">Philando Castile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Joseph_Mann" title="Killing of Joseph Mann">Joseph Mann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Adama_Traor%C3%A9" title="Death of Adama Traoré">Adama Traoré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Abdirahman_Abdi" title="Death of Abdirahman Abdi">Abdirahman Abdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Paul_O%27Neal" title="Killing of Paul O'Neal">Paul O'Neal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Korryn_Gaines" title="Killing of Korryn Gaines">Korryn Gaines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Jamarion_Robinson" title="Killing of Jamarion Robinson">Jamarion Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylville_Smith" class="mw-redirect" title="Sylville Smith">Sylville Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Elijah_Doughty" title="Death of Elijah Doughty">Elijah Doughty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Terence_Crutcher" title="Killing of Terence Crutcher">Terence Crutcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Keith_Lamont_Scott" title="Killing of Keith Lamont Scott">Keith Lamont Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Alfred_Olango" title="Killing of Alfred Olango">Alfred Olango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Deborah_Danner" title="Killing of Deborah Danner">Deborah Danner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2017</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Jocques_Clemmons" title="Killing of Jocques Clemmons">Jocques Clemmons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Jordan_Edwards" title="Murder of Jordan Edwards">Jordan Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Edson_Da_Costa" title="Death of Edson Da Costa">Edson Da Costa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Rashan_Charles" title="Death of Rashan Charles">Rashan Charles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Patrick_Harmon" title="Killing of Patrick Harmon">Patrick Harmon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2018</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Anthony_Weber" title="Killing of Anthony Weber">Anthony Weber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Stephon_Clark" title="Killing of Stephon Clark">Stephon Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Marcus-David_Peters" title="Killing of Marcus-David Peters">Marcus-David Peters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Antwon_Rose_Jr." title="Killing of Antwon Rose Jr.">Antwon Rose Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Markeis_McGlockton" title="Killing of Markeis McGlockton">Markeis McGlockton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Daniel_Hambrick" title="Killing of Daniel Hambrick">Daniel Hambrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Botham_Jean" title="Murder of Botham Jean">Botham Jean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Tamla_Horsford" title="Death of Tamla Horsford">Tamla Horsford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Jemel_Roberson" title="Killing of Jemel Roberson">Jemel Roberson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Emantic_Fitzgerald_Bradford_Jr." title="Killing of Emantic Fitzgerald Bradford Jr.">EJ Bradford Jr.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2019</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_George_Robinson" title="Killing of George Robinson">George Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Willie_McCoy" title="Killing of Willie McCoy">Willie McCoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Danquirs_Franklin" title="Killing of Danquirs Franklin">Danquirs Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Javier_Ambler" title="Killing of Javier Ambler">Javier Ambler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Lassana_Cisse" title="Murder of Lassana Cisse">Lassana Cisse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Ronald_Greene" title="Killing of Ronald Greene">Ronald Greene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Pamela_Turner" title="Killing of Pamela Turner">Pamela Turner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Layleen_Polanco" title="Death of Layleen Polanco">Layleen Polanco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Shukri_Abdi" title="Death of Shukri Abdi">Shukri Abdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Christopher_Kapessa" title="Death of Christopher Kapessa">Christopher Kapessa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Elijah_McClain" title="Killing of Elijah McClain">Elijah McClain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Atatiana_Jefferson" title="Killing of Atatiana Jefferson">Atatiana Jefferson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Alvin_Cole" title="Killing of Alvin Cole">Alvin Cole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery" title="Murder of Ahmaud Arbery">Ahmaud Arbery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Manuel_Ellis" title="Killing of Manuel Ellis">Manuel Ellis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Breonna_Taylor" title="Killing of Breonna Taylor">Breonna Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Daniel_Prude" title="Killing of Daniel Prude">Daniel Prude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Nina_Pop" title="Killing of Nina Pop">Nina Pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_George_Floyd" title="Murder of George Floyd">George Floyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Dion_Johnson" title="Killing of Dion Johnson">Dion Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Tony_McDade" title="Killing of Tony McDade">Tony McDade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Regis_Korchinski-Paquet" title="Death of Regis Korchinski-Paquet">Regis Korchinski-Paquet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_James_Scurlock" title="Killing of James Scurlock">James Scurlock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_David_McAtee" title="Killing of David McAtee">David McAtee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murders_of_Oluwatoyin_Salau_and_Victoria_Sims" title="Murders of Oluwatoyin Salau and Victoria Sims">Oluwatoyin Salau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Carlos_Carson" title="Killing of Carlos Carson">Carlos Carson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Rayshard_Brooks" title="Killing of Rayshard Brooks">Rayshard Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Julian_Lewis" title="Killing of Julian Lewis">Julian Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Dijon_Kizzee" title="Killing of Dijon Kizzee">Dijon Kizzee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Marcellis_Stinnette" title="Killing of Marcellis Stinnette">Marcellis Stinnette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Chaniece_Wallace" title="Death of Chaniece Wallace">Chaniece Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Walter_Wallace" title="Killing of Walter Wallace">Walter Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Andre_Hill" title="Murder of Andre Hill">Andre Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Dolal_Idd" title="Killing of Dolal Idd">Dolal Idd</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2021</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Marvin_Scott" title="Death of Marvin Scott">Marvin Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Adam_Toledo" title="Killing of Adam Toledo">Adam Toledo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Daunte_Wright" title="Killing of Daunte Wright">Daunte Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Lindani_Myeni" title="Killing of Lindani Myeni">Lindani Myeni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Ma%27Khia_Bryant" title="Killing of Ma'Khia Bryant">Ma'Khia Bryant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Andrew_Brown_Jr." title="Killing of Andrew Brown Jr.">Andrew Brown Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Winston_Boogie_Smith" title="Killing of Winston Boogie Smith">Winston Boogie Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Leneal_Frazier" title="Killing of Leneal Frazier">Leneal Frazier</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2022</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Amir_Locke" title="Killing of Amir Locke">Amir Locke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Patrick_Lyoya" title="Killing of Patrick Lyoya">Patrick Lyoya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Jayland_Walker" title="Killing of Jayland Walker">Jayland Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Donovan_Lewis" title="Killing of Donovan Lewis">Donovan Lewis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2023</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Keenan_Anderson" title="Death of Keenan Anderson">Keenan Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Tyre_Nichols" title="Killing of Tyre Nichols">Tyre Nichols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Irvo_Otieno" title="Killing of Irvo Otieno">Irvo Otieno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Jordan_Neely" title="Killing of Jordan Neely">Jordan Neely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Ricky_Cobb_II" title="Killing of Ricky Cobb II">Ricky Cobb II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Johnny_Hollman" title="Killing of Johnny Hollman">Johnny Hollman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Ta%27Kiya_Young" title="Killing of Ta'Kiya Young">Ta'Kiya Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Leonard_Cure" title="Killing of Leonard Cure">Leonard Cure</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2024</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Dexter_Reed" title="Killing of Dexter Reed">Dexter Reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Roger_Fortson" title="Killing of Roger Fortson">Roger Fortson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Sonya_Massey" title="Killing of Sonya Massey">Sonya Massey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Robert_Brooks" title="Killing of Robert Brooks">Robert Brooks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%">Other cases protested</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalief_Browder" title="Kalief Browder">Kalief Browder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Texas_pool_party_incident" title="2015 Texas pool party incident">2015 Texas pool party incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_of_Charles_Kinsey" title="Shooting of Charles Kinsey">Shooting of Charles Kinsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_of_Jacob_Blake" title="Shooting of Jacob Blake">Shooting of Jacob Blake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_of_Ralph_Yarl" title="Shooting of Ralph Yarl">Shooting of Ralph Yarl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rankin_County_torture_incident" title="Rankin County torture incident">Rankin County torture incident</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_movement_in_popular_culture" title="Black Lives Matter movement in popular culture">In popular culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_art" title="Black Lives Matter art">Art</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_art_in_New_York_City" title="Black Lives Matter art in New York City">New York City</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bust_of_George_Floyd" title="Bust of George Floyd">Bust of George Floyd</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_art_in_Portland,_Oregon" title="Black Lives Matter art in Portland, Oregon">Portland, Oregon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_mural_(Portland,_Oregon)" title="George Floyd mural (Portland, Oregon)">George Floyd mural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/We_Stand_with_You" title="We Stand with You">We Stand with You</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Say_Their_Names" title="Say Their Names">Say Their Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_Floyd" title="Statue of George Floyd">Statue of George Floyd</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;wide"><tbody><tr><th id="Street_murals58" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Black_Lives_Matter_street_murals" title="List of Black Lives Matter street murals">Street murals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_street_mural_(Cincinnati)" title="Black Lives Matter street mural (Cincinnati)">Cincinnati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_street_mural_(Indianapolis)" title="Black Lives Matter street mural (Indianapolis)">Indianapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_street_mural_(Portland,_Oregon)" title="Black Lives Matter street mural (Portland, Oregon)">Portland, Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_street_mural_(Salt_Lake_City)" title="Black Lives Matter street mural (Salt Lake City)">Salt Lake City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_street_mural_(Santa_Cruz,_California)" title="Black Lives Matter street mural (Santa Cruz, California)">Santa Cruz, California</a></li> <li>Seattle <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_street_mural_(Capitol_Hill,_Seattle)" title="Black Lives Matter street mural (Capitol Hill, Seattle)">Capitol Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_street_mural_(Seattle_City_Hall)" title="Black Lives Matter street mural (Seattle City Hall)">City Hall</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_street_mural_(Springfield,_Massachusetts)" title="Black Lives Matter street mural (Springfield, Massachusetts)">Springfield, Massachusetts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_American_Boys" title="All American Boys">All American Boys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Software" title="Black Software">Black Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackout_(young_adult_novel)" title="Blackout (young adult novel)">Blackout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brit(ish)" title="Brit(ish)">Brit(ish)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dear_Martin" title="Dear Martin">Dear Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hate_U_Give" title="The Hate U Give">The Hate U Give</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/His_Name_Is_George_Floyd" title="His Name Is George Floyd">His Name Is George Floyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I_Can%27t_Breathe:_A_Killing_on_Bay_Street" title="I Can't Breathe: A Killing on Bay Street">I Can't Breathe: A Killing on Bay Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rest_in_Power:_The_Enduring_Life_of_Trayvon_Martin" title="Rest in Power: The Enduring Life of Trayvon Martin">Rest in Power: The Enduring Life of Trayvon Martin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Film</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/16_Shots" title="16 Shots">16 Shots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_1/2_Minutes,_10_Bullets" title="3 1/2 Minutes, 10 Bullets">3 1/2 Minutes, 10 Bullets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Son_(2019_film)" title="American Son (2019 film)">American Son</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bars4Justice" title="Bars4Justice">Bars4Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruitvale_Station_(film)" title="Fruitvale Station (film)">Fruitvale Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generation_Revolution" title="Generation Revolution">Generation Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hate_U_Give_(film)" title="The Hate U Give (film)">The Hate U Give</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rest_in_Power:_The_Trayvon_Martin_Story" title="Rest in Power: The Trayvon Martin Story">Rest in Power: The Trayvon Martin Story</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stay_Woke:_The_Black_Lives_Matter_Movement" title="Stay Woke: The Black Lives Matter Movement">Stay Woke: The Black Lives Matter Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stranger_Fruit_(film)" title="Stranger Fruit (film)">Stranger Fruit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_Distant_Strangers" title="Two Distant Strangers">Two Distant Strangers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whose_Streets%3F" title="Whose Streets?">Whose Streets?</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Alright_(Kendrick_Lamar_song)" title="Alright (Kendrick Lamar song)">Alright</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Angel_Down_(song)" title="Angel Down (song)">Angel Down</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Bigger_Picture_(song)" title="The Bigger Picture (song)">The Bigger Picture</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Black_Parade_(song)" title="Black Parade (song)">Black Parade</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Can%27t_Put_It_in_the_Hands_of_Fate" title="Can't Put It in the Hands of Fate">Can't Put It in the Hands of Fate</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Chains_(Usher_song)" title="Chains (Usher song)">Chains</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Cop_vs._Phone_Girl" title="Cop vs. Phone Girl">Cop vs. Phone Girl</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Shoot_(The_Game_song)" title="Don't Shoot (The Game song)">Don't Shoot</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Formation_(song)" title="Formation (song)">Formation</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Freedom_(Beyonc%C3%A9_song)" title="Freedom (Beyoncé song)">Freedom</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Hell_You_Talmbout" title="Hell You Talmbout">Hell You Talmbout</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Can%27t_Breathe_(H.E.R._song)" title="I Can't Breathe (H.E.R. song)">I Can't Breathe</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Lavender_(Nightfall_Remix)" title="Lavender (Nightfall Remix)">Lavender (Nightfall Remix)</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Loyal_Like_Sid_%26_Nancy" title="Loyal Like Sid & Nancy">Loyal Like Sid & Nancy</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Otherside_of_America" title="Otherside of America">Otherside of America</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Riot_(XXXTentacion_song)" title="Riot (XXXTentacion song)">Riot</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Rockstar_(DaBaby_song)" title="Rockstar (DaBaby song)">Rockstar (BLM Remix)</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Seven_Last_Words_of_the_Unarmed" title="The Seven Last Words of the Unarmed">The Seven Last Words of the Unarmed</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Snow_on_tha_Bluff_(song)" title="Snow on tha Bluff (song)">Snow on tha Bluff</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/This_Is_America_(song)" title="This Is America (song)">This Is America</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/What_They%27ll_Say_About_Us" title="What They'll Say About Us">What They'll Say About Us</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/White_Privilege_II" title="White Privilege II">White Privilege II</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colin_in_Black_%26_White" title="Colin in Black & White">Colin in Black & White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8:46_(special)" title="8:46 (special)">8:46</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Holding_a_Black_Lives_Matter_Sign_in_America%27s_Most_Racist_Town" title="Holding a Black Lives Matter Sign in America's Most Racist Town">Holding a Black Lives Matter Sign in America's Most Racist Town</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Ferguson" title="Our Lady of Ferguson">Our Lady of Ferguson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taking_a_Stand_in_Baton_Rouge" title="Taking a Stand in Baton Rouge">Taking a Stand in Baton Rouge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woke_(TV_series)" title="Woke (TV series)">Woke (TV series)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%">Activist groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/8_to_Abolition" title="8 to Abolition">8 to Abolition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assata%27s_Daughters" title="Assata's Daughters">Assata's Daughters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Feminist_Future" title="Black Feminist Future">Black Feminist Future</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_Global_Network_Foundation" title="Black Lives Matter Global Network Foundation">Black Lives Matter Global Network Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Visions_Collective" title="Black Visions Collective">Black Visions Collective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BlackinChem" title="BlackinChem">BlackinChem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BYP100" title="BYP100">BYP100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_Zero" title="Campaign Zero">Campaign Zero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Shoot_Portland" title="Don't Shoot Portland">Don't Shoot Portland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millennial_Activists_United" title="Millennial Activists United">Millennial Activists United</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mothers_of_Gynecology_Movement" title="Mothers of Gynecology Movement">Mothers of Gynecology Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mothers_of_the_Movement" title="Mothers of the Movement">Mothers of the Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_for_Black_Lives" title="Movement for Black Lives">Movement for Black Lives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peoples_Power_Assemblies" title="Peoples Power Assemblies">Peoples Power Assemblies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SayHerName" title="SayHerName">#SayHerName</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_Cop_City" title="Stop Cop City">Stop Cop City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_Riders_NYC" title="Street Riders NYC">Street Riders NYC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taking_the_Initiative_Party" title="Taking the Initiative Party">Taking the Initiative Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wall_of_Moms" title="Wall of Moms">Wall of Moms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Coats_for_Black_Lives" title="White Coats for Black Lives">White Coats for Black Lives</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%">Proposed legislation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BREATHE_Act" title="BREATHE Act">BREATHE Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commission_for_Diversity_in_the_Public_Realm" title="Commission for Diversity in the Public Realm">Commission for Diversity in the Public Realm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ending_Qualified_Immunity_Act" title="Ending Qualified Immunity Act">Ending Qualified Immunity Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_Justice_in_Policing_Act" title="George Floyd Justice in Policing Act">George Floyd Justice in Policing Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_Law_Enforcement_Trust_and_Integrity_Act" title="George Floyd Law Enforcement Trust and Integrity Act">George Floyd Law Enforcement Trust and Integrity Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAFE-T_Act" title="SAFE-T Act">Safety, Accountability, Fairness and Equity-Today Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_police_reforms_related_to_the_George_Floyd_protests" title="List of police reforms related to the George Floyd protests">List of police reforms related to the George Floyd protests</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%">Groups associated with opposition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_Lives_Matter" title="All Lives Matter">All Lives Matter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alt-right" title="Alt-right">Alt-right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Guns_Matter" title="Black Guns Matter">Black Guns Matter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Lives_Matter" title="Blue Lives Matter">Blue Lives Matter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_Front" title="Patriot Front">Patriot Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia_and_Black_Lives_Matter" title="Russia and Black Lives Matter">Russian disinformation campaigns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidency of Donald Trump">Trump administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Citizens%27_Alarm" title="United Citizens' Alarm">United Citizens' Alarm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Lives_Matter" title="White Lives Matter">White Lives Matter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_deployment_of_federal_forces_in_the_United_States" title="2020 deployment of federal forces in the United States">2020 deployment of federal forces in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932023_United_States_racial_unrest" class="mw-redirect" title="2020–2023 United States racial unrest">2020–2023 United States racial unrest</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_incidents_and_protests_of_the_2020%E2%80%932023_United_States_racial_unrest" class="mw-redirect" title="List of incidents and protests of the 2020–2023 United States racial unrest">list of incidents</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_Plaza" title="Black Lives Matter Plaza">Black Lives Matter Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_maternal_mortality_in_the_United_States" title="Black maternal mortality in the United States">Black maternal mortality in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_stereotype_of_African_Americans" title="Criminal stereotype of African Americans">Criminal stereotype of African Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defund_the_police" title="Defund the police">Defund the police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driving_while_black" title="Driving while black">Driving while black</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Running_while_Black" title="Running while Black">Running while Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shopping_while_black" title="Shopping while black">shopping while black</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferguson_effect" title="Ferguson effect">Ferguson effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_Square" title="George Floyd Square">George Floyd Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hands_up,_don%27t_shoot" title="Hands up, don't shoot">Hands up, don't shoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I_can%27t_breathe" title="I can't breathe">I can't breathe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._national_anthem_kneeling_protests" title="U.S. national anthem kneeling protests">National anthem protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_brutality_against_Native_Americans#Native_Lives_Matter" title="Police brutality against Native Americans">Native Lives Matter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_justice,_no_peace" title="No justice, no peace">No justice, no peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_abolition_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Police abolition movement">Police abolition movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Minneapolis_Question_2" title="2021 Minneapolis Question 2">2021 Minneapolis Question 2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_accountability" title="Police accountability">Police accountability</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_wall_of_silence" title="Blue wall of silence">blue wall of silence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gypsy_cop" class="mw-redirect" title="Gypsy cop">gypsy cops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_perjury" title="Police perjury">police perjury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qualified_immunity" title="Qualified immunity">qualified immunity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_brutality_in_the_United_States" title="Police brutality in the United States">Police brutality</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Militarization_of_police#21st_Century" title="Militarization of police">militarization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pain_compliance" title="Pain compliance">pain compliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_use_of_deadly_force_in_the_United_States" title="Police use of deadly force in the United States">use of deadly force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use_of_torture_by_police_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Use of torture by police in the United States">use of torture</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_misconduct" title="Police misconduct">Police misconduct</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/False_arrest#United_States" title="False arrest">false arrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_profiling_in_the_United_States" title="Racial profiling in the United States">racial profiling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ticket_quota" title="Ticket quota">ticket quota</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_bias_in_criminal_news_in_the_United_States" title="Racial bias in criminal news in the United States">Racial bias in criminal news</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rest_in_power" title="Rest in power">Rest in power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Save_the_Boards" title="Save the Boards">Save the Boards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taking_the_knee" title="Taking the knee">Taking the knee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_stop" title="Terry stop">Terry stop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_talk_(racism_in_the_United_States)" title="The talk (racism in the United States)">The talk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woke" title="Woke">Woke</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#eeeeee;"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Black_Lives_Matter" title="Category:Black Lives Matter">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="St._Louis_protests49" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:St._Louis_protests" title="Template:St. Louis protests"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:St._Louis_protests" title="Template talk:St. Louis protests"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:St._Louis_protests" title="Special:EditPage/Template:St. Louis protests"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="St._Louis_protests49" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">St. Louis protests</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major protests</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Occupy_St._Louis" title="Occupy St. Louis">Occupy St. Louis (2011)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_Against_Monsanto" title="March Against Monsanto">March Against Monsanto STL</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ferguson protests (2014–15)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_of_Mansur_Ball-Bey" class="mw-redirect" title="Shooting of Mansur Ball-Bey">Shooting of Mansur Ball-Bey (2014)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_St._Louis_protests" title="2017 St. Louis protests">2017 St. Louis protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Louis_Workhouse" class="mw-redirect" title="St Louis Workhouse">St. Louis workhouse demonstrations (2017–2020)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_the_Bans" title="Stop the Bans">Stop the Bans STL (2019)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests" title="George Floyd protests">Killing of George Floyd (2020)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_bullfight_riot" title="St. Louis bullfight riot">St. Louis bullfight riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1877_St._Louis_general_strike" title="1877 St. Louis general strike">1877 St. Louis general strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_streetcar_strike_of_1900" title="St. Louis streetcar strike of 1900">St. Louis streetcar strike of 1900</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Liberators" title="Black Liberators">Black Liberators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W.E.B._Du_Bois_Clubs_of_America" title="W.E.B. Du Bois Clubs of America">Dubois Club STL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Koen" title="Charles Koen">Charles Koen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smith_Act" title="Smith Act">Smith Act</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Riots_and_civil_unrest_in_the_history_of_the_United_States_(1980–present)177" style="wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#CEE0F2;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Riots_in_the_United_States_(1980%E2%80%93present)" title="Template:Riots in the United States (1980–present)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Riots_in_the_United_States_(1980%E2%80%93present)" title="Template talk:Riots in the United States (1980–present)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Riots_in_the_United_States_(1980%E2%80%93present)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Riots in the United States (1980–present)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Riots_and_civil_unrest_in_the_history_of_the_United_States_(1980–present)177" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_incidents_of_civil_unrest_in_the_United_States" title="List of incidents of civil unrest in the United States">Riots and civil unrest in the history of the United States</a> (1980–present)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">1980–1991</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boston_desegregation_busing_crisis" title="Boston desegregation busing crisis">Boston desegregation busing crisis</a> (1974–1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Miami_riots" title="1980 Miami riots">1980 Miami riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_Overtown_riot" title="1982 Overtown riot">1982 Overtown riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabbage_Patch_riots" title="Cabbage Patch riots">Cabbage Patch riots</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Conner_Correctional_Center" title="Dick Conner Correctional Center">1983 Dick Conner Correctional Center riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aggieville_riots" class="mw-redirect" title="Aggieville riots">Aggieville riots</a> (1984; 1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit_riots#1984" class="mw-redirect" title="Detroit riots">1984 Detroit riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Tampa_riots" title="1987 Tampa riots">1987 Tampa riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_prison_riots" title="Atlanta prison riots">Atlanta prison riots</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedar_Grove,_Shreveport,_Louisiana#1988_Riot" title="Cedar Grove, Shreveport, Louisiana">1988 Cedar Grove riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Tompkins_Square_Park_riot" title="1988 Tompkins Square Park riot">1988 Tompkins Square Park riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Correctional_Institution_%E2%80%93_Camp_Hill#1989_riots" title="State Correctional Institution – Camp Hill">1989 SCI Camp Hill riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_Miami_riot" title="1989 Miami riot">1989 Miami riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Detroit_riot" title="1990 Detroit riot">1990 Detroit riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_of_Phillip_Pannell#Aftermath" title="Shooting of Phillip Pannell">Phillip Pannell shooting aftermath</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southport_Correctional_Facility#Incidents" title="Southport Correctional Facility">1990 Southport Correctional Facility riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Correctional_Institution,_Talladega" title="Federal Correctional Institution, Talladega">1991 FCI Talladega riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverport_Riot" title="Riverport Riot">Riverport Riot</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Bulls_Championship_riots#1991" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicago Bulls Championship riots">1991 Chicago Bulls Championship riot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">1992–2007</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">California</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1992_Los_Angeles_riots" title="1992 Los Angeles riots">1992 Los Angeles riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_Mountain_Community_Correctional_Facility" title="Eagle Mountain Community Correctional Facility">2003 Eagle Mountain Correctional riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Luis_Obispo_Mardi_Gras#2004_Mardi_Gras_riot_and_its_immediate_aftermath" title="San Luis Obispo Mardi Gras">2004 San Luis Obispo Mardi Gras riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_County_Correctional_Facility#2006_riot" title="North County Correctional Facility">2006 North County Correctional Facility riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Bernardino_punk_riot" title="San Bernardino punk riot">San Bernardino punk riot</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_MacArthur_Park_rallies" title="2007 MacArthur Park rallies">2007 MacArthur Park rallies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">New York</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Heights_riot" title="Crown Heights riot">Crown Heights riot</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Washington_Heights_riots" class="mw-redirect" title="1992 Washington Heights riots">1992 Washington Heights riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodstock_%2799" title="Woodstock '99">Woodstock '99</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ohio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Ohio_Correctional_Facility#1993_riot" title="Southern Ohio Correctional Facility">1993 Southern Ohio Correctional Facility riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_riots_of_2001" title="Cincinnati riots of 2001">Cincinnati riots of 2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Toledo_riot" title="2005 Toledo riot">2005 Toledo riot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1991_Washington,_D.C.,_riot" title="1991 Washington, D.C., riot">1991 Washington, D.C., riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Bulls_Championship_riots" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicago Bulls Championship riots">Chicago Bulls Championship riots</a> (1992–1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Las_Vegas_riots" title="West Las Vegas riots">West Las Vegas riots</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Petersburg,_Florida_riots_of_1996" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Petersburg, Florida riots of 1996">St. Petersburg, Florida riots of 1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_State_University_student_riots" title="Michigan State University student riots">Michigan State University student riots</a> (1998; 1999; 2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seattle_Mardi_Gras_riot" title="Seattle Mardi Gras riot">Seattle Mardi Gras riot</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benton_Harbor_riots#2003" class="mw-redirect" title="Benton Harbor riots">2003 Benton Harbor riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arizona_State_Prison_Complex_%E2%80%93_Lewis#Standoff" title="Arizona State Prison Complex – Lewis">2004 ASPC-Lewis riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_American_League_Championship_Series#Game_7" title="2004 American League Championship Series">2004 ALCS Game 7 riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Castle_Correctional_Facility#Riot_of_April_24,_2007" title="New Castle Correctional Facility">2007 New Castle Correctional riot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2008–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">California</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_of_Oscar_Grant#Protests_and_riots" class="mw-redirect" title="Shooting of Oscar Grant">Oscar Grant shooting protests and riots</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Oakland_general_strike" title="2011 Oakland general strike">2011 Oakland general strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Anaheim,_California_police_shooting_and_protests" title="2012 Anaheim, California police shooting and protests">2012 Anaheim police shooting and protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Oakland_riots" title="2014 Oakland riots">2014 Oakland riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Oakland_riots" title="2016 Oakland riots">2016 Oakland riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Sacramento_riot" title="2016 Sacramento riot">2016 Sacramento riot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minnesota</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2008_Republican_National_Convention#Protests" title="2008 Republican National Convention">Republican National Convention</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupy_Minneapolis" title="Occupy Minneapolis">Occupy Minneapolis</a> (2011–2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Jamar_Clark" title="Killing of Jamar Clark">Killing of Jamar Clark</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_of_Philando_Castile#Protests_and_civil_unrest" class="mw-redirect" title="Shooting of Philando Castile">Shooting of Philando Castile</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_of_Justine_Damond#Reactions" class="mw-redirect" title="Shooting of Justine Damond">Shooting of Justine Damond</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakota_Access_Pipeline_protests" title="Dakota Access Pipeline protests">Dakota Access Pipeline protests</a> (2016–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Minneapolis%E2%80%93Saint_Paul" title="George Floyd protests in Minneapolis–Saint Paul">George Floyd protests in Minneapolis–Saint Paul</a> (2020–protests)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932023_Minneapolis%E2%80%93Saint_Paul_racial_unrest" title="2020–2023 Minneapolis–Saint Paul racial unrest">2020–2023 Minneapolis–Saint Paul racial unrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_Square_occupied_protest" title="George Floyd Square occupied protest">George Floyd Square occupied protest</a> (2020–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Minneapolis_false_rumors_riot" title="2020 Minneapolis false rumors riot">2020 Minneapolis false rumors riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Dolal_Idd" title="Killing of Dolal Idd">Killing of Dolal Idd</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daunte_Wright_protests" title="Daunte Wright protests">Daunte Wright protests</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Uptown_Minneapolis_unrest" title="2021 Uptown Minneapolis unrest">2021 Uptown Minneapolis unrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Deona_Marie_Knajdek" title="Killing of Deona Marie Knajdek">Killing of Deona Marie Knajdek</a> (2021)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Akron,_Ohio#Riots_of_2009" title="Crime in Akron, Ohio">Akron riots of 2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_State_University_student_riots#December_8,_2013" title="Michigan State University student riots">2013 Michigan State University student riot</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ferguson unrest</a> (2014–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Baltimore_protests" title="2015 Baltimore protests">2015 Baltimore protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_of_Mansur_Ball-Bey#Protest_and_civil_unrest_in_immediate_aftermath" class="mw-redirect" title="Shooting of Mansur Ball-Bey">Mansur Ball-Bey shooting civil unrest</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Malheur_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Occupation of the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge">2016 Malheur National Wildlife Refuge occupation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Milwaukee_riots" title="2016 Milwaukee riots">2016 Milwaukee riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_of_Keith_Lamont_Scott#Protests_and_rioting" class="mw-redirect" title="Shooting of Keith Lamont Scott">Keith Lamont Scott shooting rioting</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Portland,_Oregon_riots" title="2016 Portland, Oregon riots">2016 Portland riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unite_the_Right_rally" title="Unite the Right rally">Unite the Right rally</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests" title="George Floyd protests">George Floyd protests</a> (2020–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitol_Hill_Occupied_Protest" title="Capitol Hill Occupied Protest">2020 Seattle Capitol Hill Occupied Protest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenosha_unrest" title="Kenosha unrest">2020 Kenosha protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932023_United_States_racial_unrest" class="mw-redirect" title="2020–2023 United States racial unrest">2020–2023 United States racial unrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack" title="January 6 United States Capitol attack">January 6 United States Capitol attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_United_States_inauguration_week_protests" title="2021 United States inauguration week protests">2021 United States inauguration week protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_Cop_City" title="Stop Cop City">Stop Cop City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Union_Square_riot" title="2023 Union Square riot">2023 Union Square riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_pro-Palestinian_protests_on_university_campuses" title="2024 pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses">2024 pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_incidents_of_civil_unrest_in_Colonial_North_America" title="List of incidents of civil unrest in Colonial North America">List of incidents of civil unrest in Colonial North America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_racial_violence_in_the_United_States" title="Mass racial violence in the United States">Mass racial violence in the United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ferguson_unrest&oldid=1276254514">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ferguson_unrest&oldid=1276254514</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Killing_of_Michael_Brown" title="Category:Killing of Michael Brown">Killing of Michael Brown</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2014_controversies_in_the_United_States" title="Category:2014 controversies in the United States">2014 controversies in the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2014_in_Missouri" title="Category:2014 in 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