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aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_am.wikipedia.org&uselang=am" class=""><span>መዋጮ ለመስጠት</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%88%8D%E1%8B%A9:CreateAccount&returnto=%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%8D%E1%8B%B5" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>የብዕር ስም ለማውጣት</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%88%8D%E1%8B%A9:UserLogin&returnto=%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%8D%E1%8B%B5" title="በብዕር ስም መግባትዎ ጠቃሚ ቢሆንም አስፈላጊ አይደለም [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>ለመግባት</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="More options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" 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class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%88%8D%E1%8B%A9:CreateAccount&returnto=%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%8D%E1%8B%B5" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>የብዕር ስም ለማውጣት</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%88%8D%E1%8B%A9:UserLogin&returnto=%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%8D%E1%8B%B5" title="በብዕር ስም መግባትዎ ጠቃሚ ቢሆንም አስፈላጊ አይደለም [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>ለመግባት</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/%E1%8A%A5%E1%88%AD%E1%8B%B3%E1%89%B3:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> 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class="vector-toc-link" href="#ታሪክ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>ታሪክ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ታሪክ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">ንግድ</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 139 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-139" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">139 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handel_(ekonomie)" title="Handel (ekonomie) – አፍሪካንኛ" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Handel (ekonomie)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="አፍሪካንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handel" title="Handel – ስዊዝ ጀርመንኛ" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Handel" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="ስዊዝ ጀርመንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comercio" title="Comercio – አራጎንስ" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Comercio" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="አራጎንስ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9" title="تجارة – ዓረብኛ" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تجارة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="ዓረብኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%AC%DC%90%DC%93%DC%98%DC%AA%DC%AC%DC%90" title="ܬܐܓܘܪܬܐ – አራማይክ" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܬܐܓܘܪܬܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="አራማይክ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comerciu" title="Comerciu – አስቱሪያን" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Comerciu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="አስቱሪያን" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ticar%C9%99t" title="Ticarət – አዘርባጃንኛ" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ticarət" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="አዘርባጃንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="تیجارت – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="تیجارت" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%83%D2%99%D0%B0" title="Сауҙа – ባስኪርኛ" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Сауҙа" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="ባስኪርኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paadolan" title="Paadolan – ባሊኔስ" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Paadolan" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="ባሊኔስ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handl" title="Handl – ባቫሪያን" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Handl" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="ባቫሪያን" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prek%C4%ABba" title="Prekība – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Prekība" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Гандаль – ቤላራሻኛ" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гандаль" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="ቤላራሻኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Гандаль – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Гандаль" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagang" title="Dagang – ቤታዊ" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Dagang" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="ቤታዊ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Търговия – ቡልጋሪኛ" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Търговия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="ቡልጋሪኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8-%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8" title="लेन-देन – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="लेन-देन" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julaya" title="Julaya – ባምባርኛ" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Julaya" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="ባምባርኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF_(%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC)" title="বাণিজ্য (ক্রয়বিক্রয়) – ቤንጋሊኛ" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বাণিজ্য (ক্রয়বিক্রয়)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="ቤንጋሊኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenwerzh" title="Kenwerzh – ብሬቶንኛ" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kenwerzh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="ብሬቶንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trgovina" title="Trgovina – ቦስኒያንኛ" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Trgovina" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="ቦስኒያንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Наймаан – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Наймаан" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comer%C3%A7" title="Comerç – ካታላንኛ" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Comerç" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="ካታላንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Махлелор – ችችን" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Махлелор" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="ችችን" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C)" title="دانوستان (ئابوورناسی) – የሶራኒ ኩርድኛ" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دانوستان (ئابوورناسی)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="የሶራኒ ኩርድኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cummerciu" title="Cummerciu – ኮርሲካኛ" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Cummerciu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="ኮርሲካኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obchod" title="Obchod – ቼክኛ" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Obchod" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ቼክኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%82%D1%83-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D3%B3" title="Суту-илӳ – ቹቫሽ" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Суту-илӳ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ቹቫሽ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masnach" title="Masnach – ወልሽ" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Masnach" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="ወልሽ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handel" title="Handel – ዴኒሽ" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Handel" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="ዴኒሽ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handel" title="Handel – ጀርመንኛ" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Handel" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="ጀርመንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%88%DE%A8%DE%94%DE%A6%DE%8A%DE%A7%DE%83%DE%A8" title="ވިޔަފާރި – ዲቬሂ" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ވިޔަފާރި" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="ዲቬሂ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BC%CF%80%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Εμπόριο – ግሪክኛ" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εμπόριο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="ግሪክኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trade" title="Trade – እንግሊዝኛ" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Trade" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="እንግሊዝኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komerco" title="Komerco – ኤስፐራንቶ" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Komerco" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="ኤስፐራንቶ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comercio" title="Comercio – ስፓኒሽ" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Comercio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ስፓኒሽ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaubandus" title="Kaubandus – ኢስቶኒያንኛ" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kaubandus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="ኢስቶኒያንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkataritza" title="Merkataritza – ባስክኛ" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Merkataritza" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="ባስክኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="تجارت – ፐርሺያኛ" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تجارت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="ፐርሺያኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaupank%C3%A4ynti" title="Kaupankäynti – ፊኒሽ" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kaupankäynti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ፊኒሽ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaubandus" title="Kaubandus – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Kaubandus" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commerce" title="Commerce – ፈረንሳይኛ" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Commerce" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ፈረንሳይኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanel" title="Hanel – ሰሜናዊ ፍሪስያን" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Hanel" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="ሰሜናዊ ፍሪስያን" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumier%C3%A7" title="Cumierç – ፍሩሊያን" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Cumierç" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="ፍሩሊያን" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hannel" title="Hannel – ምዕራባዊ ፍሪሲኛ" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Hannel" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="ምዕራባዊ ፍሪሲኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C3%A1d%C3%A1il" title="Trádáil – አይሪሽ" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Trádáil" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="አይሪሽ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malairt" title="Malairt – ስኮቲሽ ጋይሊክ" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Malairt" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="ስኮቲሽ ጋይሊክ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comercio" title="Comercio – ጋሊሽያዊ" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Comercio" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="ጋሊሽያዊ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%91emu" title="Ñemu – ጓራኒኛ" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ñemu" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="ጓራኒኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dellal" title="Dellal – ማንክስ" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Dellal" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="ማንክስ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mo-yi" title="Mo-yi – ሃካ ቻይንኛ" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Mo-yi" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="ሃካ ቻይንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%81lepa" title="Kālepa – ሃዊያኛ" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Kālepa" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="ሃዊያኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%97%D7%A8" title="מסחר – ዕብራይስጥ" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מסחר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ዕብራይስጥ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="व्यापार – ሒንዱኛ" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="व्यापार" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ሒንዱኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Len-den" title="Len-den – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Len-den" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trgovina" title="Trgovina – ክሮሽያንኛ" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Trgovina" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="ክሮሽያንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neg%C3%B2s" title="Negòs – ሃይትኛ ክሮሌ" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Negòs" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="ሃይትኛ ክሮሌ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kereskedelem" title="Kereskedelem – ሀንጋሪኛ" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kereskedelem" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ሀንጋሪኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%BC%D6%87%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80" title="Առևտուր – አርመናዊ" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Առևտուր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="አርመናዊ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercio" title="Commercio – ኢንቴርሊንጓ" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Commercio" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="ኢንቴርሊንጓ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perdagangan" title="Perdagangan – ኢንዶኔዥያኛ" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Perdagangan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="ኢንዶኔዥያኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komerco" title="Komerco – ኢዶ" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Komerco" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ኢዶ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi%C3%B0skipti" title="Viðskipti – አይስላንድኛ" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Viðskipti" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="አይስላንድኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercio" title="Commercio – ጣሊያንኛ" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Commercio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ጣሊያንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%A4%E6%98%93" title="交易 – ጃፓንኛ" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="交易" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ጃፓንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chried" title="Chried – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Chried" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padagangan" title="Padagangan – ጃቫኒዝ" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Padagangan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="ጃቫኒዝ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="კომერცია – ጆርጂያዊ" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კომერცია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="ጆርጂያዊ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tad%C9%A9y%C9%9B" title="Tadɩyɛ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Tadɩyɛ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Сауда – ካዛክኛ" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Сауда" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="ካዛክኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A3%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF(%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0)" title="ವಾಣಿಜ್ಯ(ವ್ಯಾಪಾರ) – ካናዳ" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವಾಣಿಜ್ಯ(ವ್ಯಾಪಾರ)" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="ካናዳ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AC%B4%EC%97%AD" title="무역 – ኮሪያኛ" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="무역" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="ኮሪያኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%90%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8E%D8%AA" title="تِجارَت – ካሽሚርኛ" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="تِجارَت" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="ካሽሚርኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenwerth" title="Kenwerth – ኮርኒሽ" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Kenwerth" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="ኮርኒሽ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Соода – ክይርግይዝ" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Соода" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="ክይርግይዝ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercium" title="Commercium – ላቲንኛ" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Commercium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ላቲንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handel" title="Handel – ሉክሰምበርግኛ" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Handel" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="ሉክሰምበርግኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handel" title="Handel – ሊምቡርጊሽ" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Handel" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="ሊምቡርጊሽ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%84%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%B2" title="ການຄ້າ – ላኦኛ" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ການຄ້າ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="ላኦኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prekyba" title="Prekyba – ሉቴንያንኛ" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Prekyba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="ሉቴንያንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirdzniec%C4%ABba" title="Tirdzniecība – ላትቪያን" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tirdzniecība" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="ላትቪያን" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Трговија – ሜቄዶንኛ" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Трговија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="ሜቄዶንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="വ്യാപാരം – ማላያላም" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വ്യാപാരം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="ማላያላም" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B0" title="Худалдаа – ሞንጎሊያኛ" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Худалдаа" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="ሞንጎሊያኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="व्यापार – ማራቲ" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="व्यापार" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="ማራቲ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perdagangan" title="Perdagangan – ማላይ" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Perdagangan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="ማላይ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9E%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9D%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%81%E1%80%BC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ကူးသန်းရောင်းဝယ်ခြင်း – ቡርማኛ" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကူးသန်းရောင်းဝယ်ခြင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="ቡርማኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hannel" title="Hannel – የታችኛው ጀርመንኛ" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Hannel" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="የታችኛው ጀርመንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handel" title="Handel – የታችኛው ሳክሰን" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Handel" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="የታችኛው ሳክሰን" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handel_(economie)" title="Handel (economie) – ደች" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Handel (economie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ደች" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handel" title="Handel – የኖርዌይ ናይኖርስክ" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Handel" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="የኖርዌይ ናይኖርስክ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handel" title="Handel – የኖርዌይ ቦክማል" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Handel" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="የኖርዌይ ቦክማል" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komerse" title="Komerse – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Komerse" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Com%C3%A8rci" title="Comèrci – ኦሲታን" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Comèrci" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="ኦሲታን" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daldala" title="Daldala – ኦሮሚኛ" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Daldala" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="ኦሮሚኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0" title="ਵਪਾਰ – ፑንጃብኛ" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵਪਾਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="ፑንጃብኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trading" title="Trading – ፓንጋሲናን" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Trading" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="ፓንጋሲናን" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komersyu" title="Komersyu – ፓምፓንጋ" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Komersyu" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="ፓምፓንጋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handel" title="Handel – ፖሊሽ" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Handel" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="ፖሊሽ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="وپار – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="وپار" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Com%C3%A9rcio" title="Comércio – ፖርቹጋልኛ" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Comércio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="ፖርቹጋልኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makipura" title="Makipura – ኩዌቹዋ" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Makipura" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="ኩዌቹዋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comer%C8%9B" title="Comerț – ሮማኒያኛ" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Comerț" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="ሮማኒያኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rsk mw-list-item"><a href="https://rsk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D2%91%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Тарґовина – Pannonian Rusyn" lang="rsk" hreflang="rsk" data-title="Тарґовина" data-language-autonym="Руски" data-language-local-name="Pannonian Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Руски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Торговля – ራሽያኛ" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Торговля" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ራሽያኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Эргиэн – ሳክሃ" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Эргиэн" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="ሳክሃ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cummerciu" title="Cummerciu – ሲሲሊያንኛ" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Cummerciu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="ሲሲሊያንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tred" title="Tred – ስኮትስ" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Tred" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="ስኮትስ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="واپار – ሲንዲ" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="واپار" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="ሲንዲ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trgovina" title="Trgovina – ሰርቦ-ክሮኤሽያኛ" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Trgovina" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="ሰርቦ-ክሮኤሽያኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%99%E0%B7%85%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%B3%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B8" title="වෙළෙඳාම – ሲንሃላ" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="වෙළෙඳාම" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="ሲንሃላ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trade" title="Trade – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Trade" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obchodn%C3%A1_%C4%8Dinnos%C5%A5" title="Obchodná činnosť – ስሎቫክኛ" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Obchodná činnosť" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="ስሎቫክኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trgovina" title="Trgovina – ስሎቬንኛ" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Trgovina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="ስሎቬንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadashada" title="Gadashada – ሱማልኛ" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Gadashada" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="ሱማልኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tregtia" title="Tregtia – አልባንያንኛ" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Tregtia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="አልባንያንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Трговина – ሰርብያኛ" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Трговина" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="ሰርብያኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handel" title="Handel – ስዊድንኛ" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Handel" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="ስዊድንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="வணிகம் – ታሚል" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வணிகம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="ታሚል" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A3%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="వాణిజ్యం – ተሉጉ" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="వాణిజ్యం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="ተሉጉ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2" title="การค้า – ታይ" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การค้า" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="ታይ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%8D%E1%8B%B2" title="ንግዲ – ትግርኛ" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ንግዲ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="ትግርኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalakalan" title="Kalakalan – ታጋሎገኛ" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kalakalan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="ታጋሎገኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ticaret" title="Ticaret – ቱርክኛ" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ticaret" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ቱርክኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Торгівля – ዩክሬንኛ" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Торгівля" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ዩክሬንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="تجارت – ኡርዱኛ" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تجارت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ኡርዱኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savdo" title="Savdo – ኡዝቤክኛ" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Savdo" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ኡዝቤክኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C3%A0fego_(economia)" title="Tràfego (economia) – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Tràfego (economia)" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torguind" title="Torguind – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Torguind" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giao_th%C6%B0%C6%A1ng" title="Giao thương – ቪየትናምኛ" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Giao thương" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="ቪየትናምኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comiece" title="Comiece – ዋሎን" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Comiece" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="ዋሎን" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komersyo" title="Komersyo – ዋራይ" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Komersyo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="ዋራይ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B4%B8%E6%98%93" title="贸易 – ዉ ቻይንኛ" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="贸易" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="ዉ ቻይንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%AD%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90" title="ვაჭრუა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ვაჭრუა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%9C" title="האנדל – ይዲሽኛ" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="האנדל" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="ይዲሽኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B4%B8%E6%98%93" title="贸易 – ቻይንኛ" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="贸易" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ቻይንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C5%8D%CD%98-e%CC%8Dk" title="Bō͘-e̍k – ሚን ኛን ቻይንኛ" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Bō͘-e̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="ሚን ኛን ቻይንኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B2%BF%E6%98%93" title="貿易 – ካንቶኒዝ" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="貿易" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="ካንቶኒዝ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uhwebo" title="Uhwebo – ዙሉኛ" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Uhwebo" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="ዙሉኛ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q601401#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="ክፍለ-ዊኪዎች"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%8D%E1%8B%B5" title="መጣጥፉን ለማየት [c]" accesskey="c"><span>መጣጥፍ</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%88%B5%E1%8B%95%E1%88%8D:Wojciech_Gerson_-_Gda%C5%84sk_in_the_XVII_century.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Wojciech_Gerson_-_Gda%C5%84sk_in_the_XVII_century.jpg/220px-Wojciech_Gerson_-_Gda%C5%84sk_in_the_XVII_century.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Wojciech_Gerson_-_Gda%C5%84sk_in_the_XVII_century.jpg/330px-Wojciech_Gerson_-_Gda%C5%84sk_in_the_XVII_century.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Wojciech_Gerson_-_Gda%C5%84sk_in_the_XVII_century.jpg/440px-Wojciech_Gerson_-_Gda%C5%84sk_in_the_XVII_century.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="558" /></a><figcaption>Gdańsk</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%88%B5%E1%8B%95%E1%88%8D:Accarias_de_S%C3%A9rionne_-_Int%C3%A9r%C3%AAts_des_nations_de_l%27Europe,_d%C3%A9v%C3%A9lop%C3%A9s_relativement_au_commerce,_1766_-_5790093.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Accarias_de_S%C3%A9rionne_-_Int%C3%A9r%C3%AAts_des_nations_de_l%27Europe%2C_d%C3%A9v%C3%A9lop%C3%A9s_relativement_au_commerce%2C_1766_-_5790093.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Accarias_de_S%C3%A9rionne_-_Int%C3%A9r%C3%AAts_des_nations_de_l%27Europe%2C_d%C3%A9v%C3%A9lop%C3%A9s_relativement_au_commerce%2C_1766_-_5790093.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="314" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Accarias_de_S%C3%A9rionne_-_Int%C3%A9r%C3%AAts_des_nations_de_l%27Europe%2C_d%C3%A9v%C3%A9lop%C3%A9s_relativement_au_commerce%2C_1766_-_5790093.tif/lossy-page1-330px-Accarias_de_S%C3%A9rionne_-_Int%C3%A9r%C3%AAts_des_nations_de_l%27Europe%2C_d%C3%A9v%C3%A9lop%C3%A9s_relativement_au_commerce%2C_1766_-_5790093.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Accarias_de_S%C3%A9rionne_-_Int%C3%A9r%C3%AAts_des_nations_de_l%27Europe%2C_d%C3%A9v%C3%A9lop%C3%A9s_relativement_au_commerce%2C_1766_-_5790093.tif/lossy-page1-440px-Accarias_de_S%C3%A9rionne_-_Int%C3%A9r%C3%AAts_des_nations_de_l%27Europe%2C_d%C3%A9v%C3%A9lop%C3%A9s_relativement_au_commerce%2C_1766_-_5790093.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2768" data-file-height="3954" /></a><figcaption><i>Intérêts des nations de l'Europe, dévélopés relativement au commerce</i>, 1766</figcaption></figure> <p><b>ንግድ</b> በመሰረቱ እጅግ በጣም ጥንታዊ የሰው ልጆች እንቅስቃሴ ነው። ሰው ማንኛውንም የፈለገውን ቁሳቁስ ማሙዋላት የማይችል ስለሆነ የግድ በተሰማራበት ሙያ የሚያገኘውን የስራ ውጤት ሌሎች አስፈላጊ የሆኑ ነገሮችን ነገር ግን እሱ ራሱ ማምረት የማይችላቸውን ነገሮች ለማግኘት ሲል የሚያካሄደው የምርቶች ልውውጥ ሂደት ነው። </p> <ul><li>ደግሞ ይዩ፦ <a href="/wiki/%E1%88%9D%E1%8C%A3%E1%8A%94_%E1%88%80%E1%89%A5%E1%89%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="ምጣኔ ሀብት">ምጣኔ ሀብት</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ታሪክ"><span id=".E1.89.B3.E1.88.AA.E1.8A.AD"></span>ታሪክ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%8D%E1%8B%B5&veaction=edit&section=1" title="ታሪክ ክፍልን ለማስተካከል" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>ለማስተካከል</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%8D%E1%8B%B5&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: ታሪክ"><span>ኮድ አርም</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>3000 ዓክልበ. ግድም - በ<a href="/wiki/%E1%8C%A5%E1%8A%95%E1%89%B3%E1%8B%8A_%E1%8C%8D%E1%89%A5%E1%8C%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="ጥንታዊ ግብጽ">ጥንታዊ ግብጽ</a> ሠራተኞች ከ<a href="/wiki/%E1%8D%88%E1%88%AD%E1%8B%96%E1%8A%95" title="ፈርዖን">ፈርዖን</a> መንግሥት የ<a href="/wiki/%E1%8A%90%E1%8C%AD_%E1%88%BD%E1%8A%95%E1%8A%A9%E1%88%AD%E1%89%B5" title="ነጭ ሽንኩርት">ነጭ ሽንኩርት</a>፣ <a href="/wiki/%E1%88%BD%E1%8A%95%E1%8A%A9%E1%88%AD%E1%89%B5" title="ሽንኩርት">ሽንኩርት</a> ወዘተ. መቁነን በየቀኑ ይቀበላሉ። ይህም ለምግብ፣ እንዲሁም አንድላይ ለገንዘብና ለዘር (ለማትረፍ) ያገልግላል። ለመንግሥት የተመለሰውም <a href="/wiki/%E1%8C%8D%E1%89%A5%E1%88%AD" title="ግብር">ግብር</a> (በሽንኩርት ወዘተ. ተከፍሎ) ለደህንነት በ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%8D%92%E1%88%AB%E1%88%9A%E1%8B%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ፒራሚድ (ገጹ ገና አልተጻፈም)">ፒራሚድ</a> መዝገቦች ውስጥ ይከማች ነበር።</li> <li>2460 ዓክልበ. ? - <a href="/wiki/%E1%8A%A6%E1%88%AC%E1%8A%AD" title="ኦሬክ">ኦሬክ</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%8C%88%E1%89%A5%E1%88%B5" title="ገብስ">ገብስ</a>ን ወደ <a href="/wiki/%E1%8A%A0%E1%88%AB%E1%89%B3" title="አራታ">አራታ</a> አገር ይልካል፤ በምላሽም <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%8A%A5%E1%8A%95%E1%89%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="እንቁ (ገጹ ገና አልተጻፈም)">እንቁ</a>ን ይጠይቃል። ስላልተላከ ግን ጦርነት ተከተለ (<i><a href="/wiki/%E1%8A%A4%E1%8A%95%E1%88%98%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%AB%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%93_%E1%8B%A8%E1%8A%A0%E1%88%AB%E1%89%B3_%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%89%E1%88%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="ኤንመርካርና የአራታ ንጉሥ">ኤንመርካርና የአራታ ንጉሥ</a></i> - <a href="/wiki/%E1%8A%A0%E1%8D%88_%E1%89%B3%E1%88%AA%E1%8A%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="አፈ ታሪክ">አፈ ታሪክ</a>)</li> <li>2375 ዓክልበ. ግድም - <a href="/wiki/%E1%88%B1%E1%88%98%E1%88%AD" title="ሱመር">ሱመር</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%8A%A5%E1%88%85%E1%88%8D" title="እህል">እህል</a>ን ለ<a href="/wiki/%E1%8A%A4%E1%88%8B%E1%88%9D" title="ኤላም">ኤላም</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%8A%A8%E1%89%A5%E1%89%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ከብት (ገጹ ገና አልተጻፈም)">ከብት</a> በመለዋወጥ የዓለም መደበኛ <a href="/wiki/%E1%8C%88%E1%89%A0%E1%8B%AB" title="ገበያ">ገበያ</a> ተመሠረተ። በቅርብ ጊዜ <a href="/wiki/%E1%88%B1%E1%8D%8D" title="ሱፍ">ሱፍ</a>፣ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%89%A5%E1%88%A8%E1%89%B3%E1%89%A5%E1%88%A8%E1%89%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ብረታብረት (ገጹ ገና አልተጻፈም)">ብረታብረት</a> (በተለይ <a href="/wiki/%E1%89%A5%E1%88%AD_(%E1%89%A5%E1%88%A8%E1%89%B3%E1%89%A5%E1%88%A8%E1%89%B5)" title="ብር (ብረታብረት)">ብር</a>፣ <a href="/wiki/%E1%8B%88%E1%88%AD%E1%89%85" title="ወርቅ">ወርቅ</a>፣ <a href="/wiki/%E1%89%86%E1%88%AD%E1%89%86%E1%88%AE" title="ቆርቆሮ">ቆርቆሮ</a>፣ <a href="/wiki/%E1%88%98%E1%8B%B3%E1%89%A5" title="መዳብ">መዳብ</a>)፣ እና <a href="/wiki/%E1%89%A3%E1%88%AD%E1%8B%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="ባርያ">ባርያ</a>ዎች ይጨመራሉ።</li> <li>2300 ዓክልበ. ግ. - የ<a href="/wiki/%E1%8B%B5%E1%88%8D%E1%88%99%E1%8A%95" title="ድልሙን">ድልሙን</a> መርከቦች እንጨት ከማዶ ባህር ወደ <a href="/wiki/%E1%88%8B%E1%8C%8B%E1%88%BD" title="ላጋሽ">ላጋሽ</a> ያስገቡ ጀመር።</li> <li>2100 ዓክልበ. ግ. - አንድ <a href="/wiki/%E1%8A%AB%E1%88%A9%E1%88%9D" title="ካሩም">ካሩም</a> (የንግድ ጣቢያ ሠፈር) በ<a href="/wiki/%E1%8A%A4%E1%89%A5%E1%88%8B" title="ኤብላ">ኤብላ</a> ግዛት ይመሠረታል።</li> <li>2075 ዓክልበ. ግ. - የ<a href="/wiki/%E1%8A%A0%E1%8A%AB%E1%8B%B5" title="አካድ">አካድ</a> ነጋዴዎች ወገን በ<a href="/wiki/%E1%89%A1%E1%88%A9%E1%88%BB%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B3" title="ቡሩሻንዳ">ቡሩሻንዳ</a> (በ<a href="/wiki/%E1%88%90%E1%89%B2" title="ሐቲ">ሐቲ</a>) ይጠቀሳሉ።</li> <li>2003 ዓክልበ. ግ. - የ<a href="/wiki/3_%E1%88%98%E1%8A%95%E1%89%B1%E1%88%86%E1%89%B0%E1%8D%95" title="3 መንቱሆተፕ">3 መንቱሆተፕ</a> ተጓዦች <a href="/wiki/%E1%8B%95%E1%8C%A3%E1%8A%95" class="mw-redirect" title="ዕጣን">ዕጣን</a>፣ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%88%99%E1%8C%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ሙጫ (ገጹ ገና አልተጻፈም)">ሙጫ</a>ና <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%88%BD%E1%89%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ሽቶ (ገጹ ገና አልተጻፈም)">ሽቶ</a> ከ<a href="/wiki/%E1%8D%91%E1%8A%95%E1%89%B5" title="ፑንት">ፑንት</a> ወደ <a href="/wiki/%E1%88%9D%E1%88%B5%E1%88%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="ምስር">ምስር</a> ማምጣት ጀመሩ።</li> <li>1985 ዓክልበ. ግድም - ከእሳት በኋላ ብዙ ብር በ<a href="/wiki/%E1%8D%92%E1%88%AC%E1%8A%94_%E1%89%B0%E1%88%AB%E1%88%AE%E1%89%BD" title="ፒሬኔ ተራሮች">ፒሬኔ ተራሮች</a> ተገኝቶ ለ<a href="/wiki/%E1%8D%8A%E1%8A%95%E1%89%84" title="ፊንቄ">ፊንቄ</a> ሰዎች በርካሽ ተነገደ። (<a href="/wiki/%E1%8B%B2%E1%8B%AE%E1%8B%B6%E1%88%AE%E1%88%B5_%E1%88%B2%E1%8A%A9%E1%88%89%E1%88%B5" title="ዲዮዶሮስ ሲኩሉስ">ዲዮዶሮስ ሲኩሉስ</a> - አፈ ታሪክ)</li> <li>1983 ዓክልበ. - <a href="/wiki/%E1%8B%A8%E1%8A%A1%E1%88%AD-%E1%8A%93%E1%88%99_%E1%88%95%E1%8C%8D%E1%8C%8B%E1%89%B5" title="የኡር-ናሙ ሕግጋት">የኡር-ናሙ ሕግጋት</a> መደበኛ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%88%9D%E1%8A%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ምና (ገጹ ገና አልተጻፈም)">ምና</a> = ስልሳ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%88%B0%E1%89%80%E1%88%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ሰቀል (ገጹ ገና አልተጻፈም)">ሰቀል</a> (የክብደት ልክ) ደነገገ።</li> <li>1900-1740 ዓክልበ. ግ. - የ<a href="/wiki/%E1%8A%A0%E1%88%A6%E1%88%AD" title="አሦር">አሦር</a> ንጉሥ <a href="/wiki/%E1%8A%A2%E1%88%89%E1%88%B9%E1%88%9B" title="ኢሉሹማ">ኢሉሹማ</a> በርካታ ብረታብረት ወደ <a href="/wiki/%E1%88%98%E1%88%B5%E1%8C%B4%E1%8C%A6%E1%88%9D%E1%8B%AB" title="መስጴጦምያ">መስጴጦምያ</a> አስገባ፤ ከዚያ ጀምሮ አሦራውያን ካሩም በ<a href="/wiki/%E1%8A%AB%E1%8A%90%E1%88%BD" title="ካነሽ">ካነሽ</a>ና ሐቲ አስተዳደሩ።</li> <li>1900-1740 ዓክልበ. - ሴማውያን ነጋዴዎች የንግድ ጣቢያ ሠፈር በ<a href="/wiki/%E1%8C%8C%E1%88%A4%E1%88%9D" title="ጌሤም">ጌሤም</a> በስሜን <a href="/wiki/%E1%8C%8D%E1%89%A5%E1%8C%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="ግብጽ">ግብጽ</a> መሠረቱ። እስከ <a href="/wiki/%E1%8A%A9%E1%88%BD_%E1%88%98%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%8D%E1%88%A5%E1%89%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="ኩሽ መንግሥት">ኩሽ መንግሥት</a> ድረስ ንግድ አካሄዱ።</li> <li>1900 ዓክልበ. ግ. ? - <a href="/wiki/%E1%8B%A8%E1%8D%88%E1%89%B0%E1%8A%93_%E1%8B%B0%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%8A%E1%8B%AB" title="የፈተና ደንጊያ">የፈተና ደንጊያ</a> ዕውቀት በ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%88%83%E1%88%AB%E1%8D%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ሃራፓ (ገጹ ገና አልተጻፈም)">ሃራፓ</a> ሥልጣኔ (<a href="/wiki/%E1%8D%93%E1%8A%AA%E1%88%B5%E1%89%B3%E1%8A%95" title="ፓኪስታን">ፓኪስታን</a>) ተገኘ።</li> <li>1775 ዓክልበ. ግ. - <a href="/wiki/%E1%8B%A8%E1%8A%A4%E1%88%BD%E1%8A%91%E1%8A%93_%E1%88%95%E1%8C%8D%E1%8C%8B%E1%89%B5" title="የኤሽኑና ሕግጋት">የኤሽኑና ሕግጋት</a> መደበኛ የልውውጥ ዋጋዎች ደነገገ።</li> <li>1704 ዓክልበ. - የ<a href="/wiki/%E1%89%A3%E1%89%A2%E1%88%8E%E1%8A%95" title="ባቢሎን">ባቢሎን</a> ንጉሥ <a href="/wiki/%E1%88%90%E1%88%99%E1%88%AB%E1%89%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="ሐሙራቢ">ሐሙራቢ</a> ሕግጋት ሰው ሁሉ ለገዛው ዕቃ ሁሉ ደረሰኝ በሸክላ ጽላት እንዲጠበቅ በሞት ቅጣት ለማስገድ ሞከረ። (§7)</li> <li>1200 ዓክልበ. ግ. - የፈተና ድንጊያ በግብጽ ታወቀ።</li> <li>700 ዓክልበ. ግ. - የፈተና ድንግያ በ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%8A%AC%E1%88%8D%E1%89%B2%E1%8A%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ኬልቲካ (ገጹ ገና አልተጻፈም)">ኬልቲካ</a> (<a href="/wiki/%E1%8D%88%E1%88%A8%E1%8A%95%E1%88%B3%E1%8B%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="ፈረንሳይ">ፈረንሳይ</a>)ና በተለይ በ<a href="/wiki/%E1%88%8D%E1%8B%B5%E1%8B%AB" title="ልድያ">ልድያ</a> ይታወቃል።</li> <li>630 ዓክልበ. ግ. - የልድያ መንግሥት መጀመርያ የወርቅና የብር <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%88%98%E1%88%90%E1%88%88%E1%89%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="መሐለቅ (ገጹ ገና አልተጻፈም)">መሐለቅ</a> ፈጠረ።</li></ul> <div style="clear:both"></div> <center> <table width="600px" class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-content" style="; margin-bottom: 20px;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><div style="width: 52px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a 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