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class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Cold War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cold_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Korean_War_and_Vietnam_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Korean_War_and_Vietnam_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Korean War and Vietnam War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Korean_War_and_Vietnam_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post_Vietnam_and_Gulf_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post_Vietnam_and_Gulf_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Post Vietnam and Gulf War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post_Vietnam_and_Gulf_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Afghanistan_and_Iraq" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Afghanistan_and_Iraq"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Afghanistan and Iraq</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Afghanistan_and_Iraq-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military_occupational_specialties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_occupational_specialties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Military occupational specialties</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Military_occupational_specialties-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Military occupational specialties subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Military_occupational_specialties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Enlisted" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enlisted"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Enlisted</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enlisted-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Warrant_officer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Warrant_officer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Warrant officer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Warrant_officer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commissioned_officer_areas_of_concentration_(AOC)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commissioned_officer_areas_of_concentration_(AOC)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Commissioned officer areas of concentration (AOC)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commissioned_officer_areas_of_concentration_(AOC)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commissioned_officer_functional_areas_(FA)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commissioned_officer_functional_areas_(FA)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4</span> <span>Commissioned officer functional areas (FA)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commissioned_officer_functional_areas_(FA)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Heraldic_items" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Heraldic_items"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Heraldic items</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Heraldic_items-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Heraldic items subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Heraldic_items-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Coat_of_arms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coat_of_arms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Coat of arms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coat_of_arms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Branch_insignia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Branch_insignia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Branch insignia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Branch_insignia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regimental_Distinctive_Insignia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regimental_Distinctive_Insignia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>Regimental Distinctive Insignia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regimental_Distinctive_Insignia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.4</span> <span>Inception</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Branch_color" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Branch_color"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.5</span> <span>Branch color</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Branch_color-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_members" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_members"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notable members</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_members-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" 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mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%8E%CE%BC%CE%B1_%CE%A3%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%B4%CF%8C%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7%CF%82_(%CE%A3%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CF%8C%CF%82_%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%97%CE%A0%CE%91)" title="Σώμα Σηματοδότησης (Στρατός των ΗΠΑ) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σώμα Σηματοδότησης (Στρατός των ΗΠΑ)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%B3%DB%8C%DA%AF%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B4_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%87" title="سپاه سیگنال ارتش ایالات متحده – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سپاه سیگنال ارتش ایالات متحده" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Army_Signal_Corps" title="United States Army Signal Corps – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="United States Army Signal Corps" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal_Corps_(Angkatan_Darat_Amerika_Serikat)" title="Signal Corps (Angkatan Darat Amerika Serikat) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Signal Corps (Angkatan Darat Amerika Serikat)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal_Corps_(United_States_Army)" title="Signal Corps (United States Army) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Signal Corps (United States Army)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Army_Signal_Corps" title="United States Army Signal Corps – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="United States Army Signal Corps" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%81_%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%B8_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90" title="Корпус связи Армии США – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Корпус связи Армии США" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" 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Corps</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">U.S. Army's branch for communications and information systems</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">United States Army Signal Corps</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Army_Signal_Corps_Coat_of_Arms.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/US_Army_Signal_Corps_Coat_of_Arms.svg/125px-US_Army_Signal_Corps_Coat_of_Arms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/US_Army_Signal_Corps_Coat_of_Arms.svg/188px-US_Army_Signal_Corps_Coat_of_Arms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/US_Army_Signal_Corps_Coat_of_Arms.svg/250px-US_Army_Signal_Corps_Coat_of_Arms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="281" data-file-height="424" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">U.S. Army Signal Corps coat of arms</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Active</th><td class="infobox-data">3 March 1863 – present</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span>United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_the_United_States_Army.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_the_United_States_Army.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_the_United_States_Army.svg/43px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="6336" data-file-height="4992" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Garrison/HQ</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fort_Eisenhower" title="Fort Eisenhower">Fort Eisenhower</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Motto(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Pro Patria Vigilans</i><br />(English: <span lang="en">Watchful for the Country</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Corps colors</th><td class="infobox-data">Orange and white</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Anniversaries</th><td class="infobox-data">21 June 1860</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Engagements</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Wars">Indian Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine%E2%80%93American_War" title="Philippine–American War">Philippine–American War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> (Occupation)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Desert_Storm" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Desert Storm">Operation Desert Storm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Enduring_Freedom" title="Operation Enduring Freedom">Operation Enduring Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Iraqi_Freedom" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Iraqi Freedom">Operation Iraqi Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Inherent_Resolve" title="Operation Inherent Resolve">Operation Inherent Resolve</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">43rd Chief of Signal and Signal School Commandant</th><td class="infobox-data">Colonel Julia M. Donley</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">25th Regimental Command Sergeant Major</th><td class="infobox-data">Command Sgt. Maj. Linwood E. Barrett</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Notable<br />commanders</th><td class="infobox-data">BG <a href="/wiki/Albert_J._Myer" title="Albert J. Myer">Albert J. Myer</a><br /> BG <a href="/wiki/Adolphus_Greely" title="Adolphus Greely">Adolphus Greely</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Insignia</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Branch insignia</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Insignia_signal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Representing Myer's "Wigwag"."><img alt="Representing Myer's "Wigwag"." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Insignia_signal.svg/150px-Insignia_signal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Insignia_signal.svg/225px-Insignia_signal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Insignia_signal.svg/300px-Insignia_signal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="628" data-file-height="446" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Regimental insignia</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:USArmySigCorRegInsignia.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/USArmySigCorRegInsignia.png/60px-USArmySigCorRegInsignia.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/USArmySigCorRegInsignia.png/90px-USArmySigCorRegInsignia.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/USArmySigCorRegInsignia.png/120px-USArmySigCorRegInsignia.png 2x" data-file-width="324" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Military unit</div> <p>The <b>United States Army Signal Corps</b> (<b>USASC</b>) is a branch of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a> that creates and manages <a href="/wiki/Military_communications" title="Military communications">communications</a> and <a href="/wiki/Information_systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Information systems">information systems</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Command_and_control" title="Command and control">command and control</a> of <a href="/wiki/Combined_arms" title="Combined arms">combined arms</a> forces. It was established in 1860, the brainchild of <a href="/wiki/Major_(United_States)#American_Civil_War" title="Major (United States)">Major</a> <a href="/wiki/Albert_J._Myer" title="Albert J. Myer">Albert J. Myer</a>, and had an important role in the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>. Over its history, it had the initial responsibility for portfolios and new technologies that were eventually transferred to other U.S. government entities. Such responsibilities included <a href="/wiki/Defense_Intelligence_Agency" title="Defense Intelligence Agency">military intelligence</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Weather_Service#History" title="National Weather Service">weather forecasting</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Aeronautical_Division,_U.S._Signal_Corps" title="Aeronautical Division, U.S. Signal Corps">aviation</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mission_statement">Mission statement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Army_Signal_Corps&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Mission statement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <blockquote><p>Support for the command and control of combined arms forces. Signal support includes network operations (information assurance, information dissemination management, and network management) and management of the electromagnetic spectrum. Signal support encompasses all aspects of designing, installing, data communications networks that employ single and multi-channel satellite, tropospheric scatter, terrestrial microwave, switching, messaging, video-teleconferencing, visual information, and other related systems. They integrate tactical, strategic and sustaining base communications, information processing and management systems into a seamless global information network that supports knowledge dominance for Army, joint and coalition operations.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_history">Early history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Army_Signal_Corps&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Signal_Corps_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Signal Corps in the American Civil War">Signal Corps in the American Civil War</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Civil_War_Signal_Corps_Kit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Civil_War_Signal_Corps_Kit.jpg/220px-Civil_War_Signal_Corps_Kit.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Civil_War_Signal_Corps_Kit.jpg/330px-Civil_War_Signal_Corps_Kit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Civil_War_Signal_Corps_Kit.jpg/440px-Civil_War_Signal_Corps_Kit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1252" data-file-height="894" /></a><figcaption>Standard Issue Civil War Signal Corps Kit, complete with flags and torches.</figcaption></figure> <p>While serving as a medical officer in Texas in 1856, <a href="/wiki/Albert_James_Myer" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert James Myer">Albert James Myer</a> proposed that the Army use his visual communications system, called <a href="/wiki/Wigwag_(flag_signals)" title="Wigwag (flag signals)">aerial telegraphy</a> (or "wig-wag"). When the Army adopted his system on 21 June 1860, the Signal Corps was born with Myer as the first and only Signal Officer.<sup id="cite_ref-birthday_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-birthday-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wigwag.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Wigwag.gif/220px-Wigwag.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Wigwag.gif/330px-Wigwag.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Wigwag.gif/440px-Wigwag.gif 2x" data-file-width="2087" data-file-height="3127" /></a><figcaption>Click photo to enlarge for history of the <a href="/wiki/Wigwag_(flag_signals)" title="Wigwag (flag signals)">wigwag</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Major Myer first used his visual signaling system on active service in <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Navajo_Wars" title="Navajo Wars">early 1860s Navajo expedition</a>. Using flags for daytime signaling and a torch at night, wigwag was tested in <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a> combat in June 1861 to direct the fire of a harbor battery at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Wool" title="Fort Wool">Fort Wool</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederate</a> positions opposite <a href="/wiki/Fort_Monroe" title="Fort Monroe">Fort Monroe</a>. For nearly three years, Myer was forced to rely on detailed personnel, although he envisioned a separate, trained professional military signal service. </p><p>Myer's vision came true on 3 March 1863, when Congress authorized a regular Signal Corps for the duration of the war. Some 2,900 officers and enlisted men served, although not at any single time, in the Civil War Signal Corps. </p><p>Myer's Civil War innovations included an unsuccessful balloon experiment at <a href="/wiki/First_Bull_Run" class="mw-redirect" title="First Bull Run">First Bull Run</a>, and, in response to McClellan's desire for a Signal Corps field telegraph train, an <a href="/wiki/Electric_telegraph" class="mw-redirect" title="Electric telegraph">electric telegraph</a> in the form of the <a href="/wiki/Beardslee_Telegraph" title="Beardslee Telegraph">Beardslee magnetoelectric telegraph machine</a>. Even in the Civil War, the wigwag system, restricted to line-of-sight communications, was waning in the face of the electric telegraph. </p><p>Initially, Myer used his office downtown in Washington, D.C. to house the Signal Corps School. When it was found to need additional space, he sought out other locations. First came <a href="/wiki/Fort_Greble" title="Fort Greble">Fort Greble</a>, one of the <a href="/wiki/Civil_War_Defenses_of_Washington" title="Civil War Defenses of Washington">Defenses of Washington</a> during the Civil War, and when that proved inadequate, Myer chose <a href="/wiki/Fort_Whipple,_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Whipple, Virginia">Fort Whipple</a>, on Arlington Heights overlooking the national capital. The size and location were outstanding. The school remained there for over 20 years and ultimately was renamed <a href="/wiki/Fort_Myer" title="Fort Myer">Fort Myer</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Signal_Corps_Automobile_1904.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Signal_Corps_Automobile_1904.jpg/220px-Signal_Corps_Automobile_1904.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Signal_Corps_Automobile_1904.jpg/330px-Signal_Corps_Automobile_1904.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Signal_Corps_Automobile_1904.jpg/440px-Signal_Corps_Automobile_1904.jpg 2x" data-file-width="493" data-file-height="331" /></a><figcaption>US Army Signal Corps automobile at the Manassas maneuvers in 1904</figcaption></figure> <p>Signal Corps detachments participated in campaigns fighting Native Americans in the west, such as the <a href="/wiki/Powder_River_Expedition_(1865)" title="Powder River Expedition (1865)">Powder River Expedition of 1865</a>. </p><p>In July 1866, Congress decided that there should be a unit or at least a Cadre of Signal even in peace time. It thereupon provided: One Chief Signal Officer of the Army, with the rank of Colonel. To confuse things even more, the 6 officers and 100 men authorized for the Signal Corp were to be chosen from the Corps of Engineers. Thus the Signal Corps was officially born. </p><p>The electric telegraph, in addition to visual signaling, became a Signal Corps responsibility in 1867. Within 12 years, the Signal Corps had constructed, and was maintaining and operating, some 4,000 miles of telegraph lines along the country's western frontier. </p><p>In 1870, the Signal Corps established a congressionally mandated <a href="/wiki/National_weather_service" class="mw-redirect" title="National weather service">national weather service</a>. Within a decade, with the assistance of Lieutenant <a href="/wiki/Adolphus_Greely" title="Adolphus Greely">Adolphus Greely</a>, Myer commanded a weather service of international acclaim until his death in 1880. </p><p>The Weather Bureau became part of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture" title="United States Department of Agriculture">U.S. Department of Agriculture</a> in 1891, while the corps retained responsibility for military meteorology. </p><p>In 1881, the Signal Corps participated in the First <a href="/wiki/International_Polar_Year" title="International Polar Year">International Polar Year</a>. One of the groups under the command of LT <a href="/wiki/Adolphus_Greely" title="Adolphus Greely">Adolphus Greely</a> was to write another grueling chapter of suffering and extinction in the history of the Arctic. Greely's Signal Corps volunteers became separated from their base camp and were marooned on a huge ice floe. They were decimated by starvation and drowning; of the original 25 volunteers, only 7 survived. </p><p>The Signal Corps' role in the <a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War</a> of 1898 and the subsequent <a href="/wiki/Philippine%E2%80%93American_War" title="Philippine–American War">Philippine Insurrection</a> was on a grander scale than it had been in the Civil War. In addition to visual signaling, including <a href="/wiki/Heliograph" title="Heliograph">heliograph</a>, the corps supplied telephone and telegraph wire lines and cable communications, fostered the use of telephones in combat, employed <a href="/wiki/War_photography" title="War photography">combat photography</a>, and renewed the use of balloons. Shortly after the war, the Signal Corps constructed the <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Communications_System_(ACS)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaska Communications System (ACS)">Washington-Alaska Military Cable and Telegraph System (WAMCATS)</a>, also known as the Alaska Communications System (ACS), introducing the first wireless telegraph in the <a href="/wiki/Western_Hemisphere" title="Western Hemisphere">Western Hemisphere</a>. </p><p>In October 1903, Congress handed the then Chief Signal Officer Brigadier General <a href="/wiki/Adolphus_Greely" title="Adolphus Greely">Adolphus Greely</a> what may be considered the supreme challenge. Accompanied by an appropriation of <span style="white-space: nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a>25,000</span> (equivalent to $0.85<span class="nowrap"> </span>million in 2023), it decreed that the military should "build a flying machine for war purposes".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Needless to say, the first attempts at flying were failures, but Greely handed the contract to the <a href="/wiki/Wright_brothers" title="Wright brothers">Wright brothers</a> who piloted the first aircraft at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="World_War_I">World War I</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Army_Signal_Corps&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: World War I"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>For more details on this topic, see <a href="/wiki/Aeronautical_Division,_U.S._Signal_Corps" title="Aeronautical Division, U.S. Signal Corps">Aeronautical Division, U.S. Signal Corps</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aviation_Section,_U.S._Signal_Corps" title="Aviation Section, U.S. Signal Corps">Aviation Section, U.S. Signal Corps</a></i> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cpl-Ward-and-Pvt-Barrett.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Cpl-Ward-and-Pvt-Barrett.png/220px-Cpl-Ward-and-Pvt-Barrett.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Cpl-Ward-and-Pvt-Barrett.png/330px-Cpl-Ward-and-Pvt-Barrett.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Cpl-Ward-and-Pvt-Barrett.png/440px-Cpl-Ward-and-Pvt-Barrett.png 2x" data-file-width="713" data-file-height="932" /></a><figcaption>First military assigned to the Army Signal Corps' <a href="/wiki/Balloon_(aircraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Balloon (aircraft)">ballooning</a> program</figcaption></figure> <p>On 1 August 1907, an Aeronautical Division was established within the Office of the Chief Signal Officer (OCSO). In 1908, on <a href="/wiki/Fort_Myer" title="Fort Myer">Fort Myer</a>, Virginia, the <a href="/wiki/Wright_brothers" title="Wright brothers">Wright brothers</a> made test flights of the Army's first airplane built to Signal Corps' specifications. Reflecting the need for an official pilot rating, War Department Bulletin No. 2, released on 24 February 1911, established a "Military Aviator" rating. Army aviation remained within the Signal Corps until 1918, when it became the <a href="/wiki/Army_Air_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Army Air Service">Army Air Service</a>. </p><p>During World War I. Chief Signal Officer <a href="/wiki/George_Owen_Squier" title="George Owen Squier">George Owen Squier</a> worked closely with private industry to perfect radio tubes while creating a major signal laboratory at Camp Alfred Vail (<a href="/wiki/Fort_Monmouth" title="Fort Monmouth">Fort Monmouth</a>). Early radiotelephones developed by the Signal Corps were introduced into the European theater in 1918. While the new American voice radios were superior to the radiotelegraph sets, telephone and telegraph remained the major technology of World War I. </p><p>A pioneer in <a href="/wiki/Radar" title="Radar">radar</a>, Colonel <a href="/wiki/William_R._Blair" title="William R. Blair">William Blair</a>, director of the Signal Corps laboratories at Fort Monmouth, patented the first Army radar demonstrated in May 1937. Even before the United States entered World War II, mass production of two radar sets, the <a href="/wiki/SCR-268" class="mw-redirect" title="SCR-268">SCR-268</a> and the <a href="/wiki/SCR-270" title="SCR-270">SCR-270</a>, had begun. Along with the Signal Corps' tactical <a href="/wiki/FM_radio" class="mw-redirect" title="FM radio">FM radio</a>, also developed in the 1930s, radar was the most important communications development of World War II. </p><p>During World War I, women switchboard operators, known as the "<a href="/wiki/Hello_Girls" title="Hello Girls">Hello Girls</a>", were sworn into the U.S. Army Signal Corps. Despite the fact that they wore U.S. Army uniforms and were subject to Army regulations (Chief Operator <a href="/wiki/Grace_Banker" title="Grace Banker">Grace Banker</a> received the <a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Service_Medal_(U.S._Army)" title="Distinguished Service Medal (U.S. Army)">Distinguished Service Medal</a>), they were not given <a href="/wiki/Military_discharge" title="Military discharge">honorable discharges</a> but were considered "civilians" employed by the military, because Army regulations specified the male gender. Not until 1978—the 60th anniversary of the end of World War I—did <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Congress</a> approve veteran status/honorable discharges for the remaining "Hello Girls".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="World_War_II">World War II</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Army_Signal_Corps&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%22WHERE_SKILL_AND_COURAGE_COUNT%22_-_NARA_-_513698.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/%22WHERE_SKILL_AND_COURAGE_COUNT%22_-_NARA_-_513698.jpg/220px-%22WHERE_SKILL_AND_COURAGE_COUNT%22_-_NARA_-_513698.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/%22WHERE_SKILL_AND_COURAGE_COUNT%22_-_NARA_-_513698.jpg/330px-%22WHERE_SKILL_AND_COURAGE_COUNT%22_-_NARA_-_513698.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/%22WHERE_SKILL_AND_COURAGE_COUNT%22_-_NARA_-_513698.jpg/440px-%22WHERE_SKILL_AND_COURAGE_COUNT%22_-_NARA_-_513698.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2292" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>World War II recruitment poster (1942)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/SingalCorpsRoscheiderHof.webm/220px-seek%3D78-SingalCorpsRoscheiderHof.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="109" data-mwtitle="SingalCorpsRoscheiderHof.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:SingalCorpsRoscheiderHof.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/74/SingalCorpsRoscheiderHof.webm/SingalCorpsRoscheiderHof.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/74/SingalCorpsRoscheiderHof.webm/SingalCorpsRoscheiderHof.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/SingalCorpsRoscheiderHof.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/74/SingalCorpsRoscheiderHof.webm/SingalCorpsRoscheiderHof.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/74/SingalCorpsRoscheiderHof.webm/SingalCorpsRoscheiderHof.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/74/SingalCorpsRoscheiderHof.webm/SingalCorpsRoscheiderHof.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>World War II signal corps <a href="/wiki/Historical_reenactment" title="Historical reenactment">reenactment</a></figcaption></figure> <p>When the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_War" title="United States Department of War">War Department</a> was reorganized on 9 March 1942, the Signal Corps became one of the technical services in the Services of Supply (later <a href="/wiki/Army_Service_Forces" title="Army Service Forces">Army Service Forces</a>). Its organized components served both the <a href="/wiki/Army_Ground_Forces" title="Army Ground Forces">Army Ground Forces</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Army_Air_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Army Air Forces">Army Air Forces</a>. </p><p>The Army Chief Signal Officer (CSO) was responsible for establishing and maintaining communications service schools for officers and enlisted soldiers, ranging in qualifications from those holding doctorates to functional illiterates. The single pre-war Signal training site was <a href="/wiki/Fort_Monmouth" title="Fort Monmouth">Fort Monmouth</a>, New Jersey. To keep up with the demand for more signallers, the CSO opened more training facilities: <a href="/wiki/Camp_Crowder" class="mw-redirect" title="Camp Crowder">Camp Crowder</a>, Missouri; <a href="/wiki/Camp_Kohler" title="Camp Kohler">Camp Kohler</a>, California; and <a href="/wiki/Camp_Murphy_Southern_Signal_Corps_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Camp Murphy Southern Signal Corps School">Camp Murphy</a>, Florida.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Eastern Signal Corps Training Center at Fort Monmouth consisted of an officers' school, an <a href="/wiki/Officer_Candidate_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Officer Candidate School">officer candidate school</a>, an enlisted school and a <a href="/wiki/Recruit_training" class="mw-redirect" title="Recruit training">basic training</a> center at subpost Camp Wood. The officer candidate school operated from 1941 to 1946 and graduated 21,033 Signal Corps second lieutenants. </p><p>The term "<a href="/wiki/Radar" title="Radar">RADAR</a>" was coined by the Navy in 1940 and agreed to by the Army in 1941. The first Signal Corps Field Manual on Aircraft Warning Service defined RADAR as "a term used to designate radio sets SCR (<a href="/wiki/Signal_Corps_Radio" title="Signal Corps Radio">Signal Corps Radio</a>)-268 and <a href="/wiki/SCR-270" title="SCR-270">SCR-270</a> and similar equipment". The <a href="/wiki/SCR-268" class="mw-redirect" title="SCR-268">SCR-268</a> and 270 were not radios at all, but were designated as such to keep their actual function <a href="/wiki/Classified_information" title="Classified information">secret</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Although important offensive applications have since been developed, radar emerged historically from the defensive need to counter the possibility of massive <a href="/wiki/Strategic_bombing" title="Strategic bombing">aerial bombardment</a>. </p><p>In 1941, the laboratories at Fort Monmouth developed the <a href="/wiki/SCR-300" title="SCR-300">SCR-300</a>, the first FM backpack radio. Its pioneering <a href="/wiki/Frequency_modulation" title="Frequency modulation">frequency modulation</a> circuits provided front-line troops with reliable, static-free communications. The labs also fielded multichannel FM radio relay sets (e.g., AN/TRC-1) in the <a href="/wiki/European_Theater_of_Operations" class="mw-redirect" title="European Theater of Operations">European Theater of Operations</a> as early as 1943. Multichannel radio broadcasting allowed several channels of communications to be broadcast over a single radio signal, increasing security and range and relieving <a href="/wiki/Frequency_spectrum" class="mw-redirect" title="Frequency spectrum">frequency spectrum</a> crowding. </p><p>In December 1942, the War Department directed the Signal Corps General Development Laboratories and the <a href="/wiki/Camp_Evans" class="mw-redirect" title="Camp Evans">Camp Evans</a> Signal Lab to combine into the Signal Corps Ground Service (SCGS) with headquarters at <a href="/wiki/Bradley_Beach,_New_Jersey" title="Bradley Beach, New Jersey">Bradley Beach, New Jersey</a> (Hotel Grossman). The Department also directed the Signal Corps Ground Service to cut total military and civilian personnel from 14,518 military and civilian personnel to 8,879 by August 1943. In June 1944, "Signees", former Italian <a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war">prisoners of war</a>, arrived at Fort Monmouth to perform housekeeping duties. A lieutenant colonel and 500 enlisted men became hospital, mess, and repair shop attendants, relieving American soldiers from these duties. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SCR188.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/SCR188.jpg/220px-SCR188.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/SCR188.jpg/330px-SCR188.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/SCR188.jpg/440px-SCR188.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2106" data-file-height="1696" /></a><figcaption>Radio operator Cpl. John Robbins, 41st Signal, 41st Infantry Division, operating his SCR 188 in a sandbagged hut at Station NYU. Dobodura, <a href="/wiki/New_Guinea" title="New Guinea">New Guinea</a> on 9 May 1943.</figcaption></figure> <p>One of the more unusual units of the Signal Corps were the <a href="/wiki/Joint_Assault_Signal_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Joint Assault Signal Company">Joint Assault Signal Company</a> (JASCOs).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These companies were Signal Corps units that were made up of several hundred <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">Army</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Corps" title="United States Army Air Corps">Air Corps</a>, and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a> communications specialists specially trained to link land, sea and air operational elements. They saw combat throughout the Pacific and European<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> theaters during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> in late 1943. JASCOs were much larger than normal signal companies. The joint assault signal companies were the predecessor to the <a href="/wiki/Air_Naval_Gunfire_Liaison_Company" title="Air Naval Gunfire Liaison Company">Air Naval Gunfire Liaison Company</a> that exists today. JASCOs represented but one of many unprecedented Signal Corps' activities in the Pacific theater. Shipboard fighting was a new kind of combat for Signal Corps soldiers. Army communicators sometimes plied their trade aboard Navy and civilian ships. Signal Corps personnel also served on Army communications ships. </p><p>In particular the <a href="/wiki/South_West_Pacific_Area_(command)" class="mw-redirect" title="South West Pacific Area (command)">Southwest Pacific Area</a> (SWPA) formed a fleet, unofficially known as the "Catboat Flotilla" and formally as the CP fleet, that served as command and communication vessels during amphibious operations, starting with two Australian schooners <i>Harold</i> and <a href="/wiki/Booya_(ship)" title="Booya (ship)"><i>Argosy Lemal</i></a> acquired by the Army and converted during the first half of 1943 by Australian firms into communications ships with AWA radio sets built by Amalgamated Wireless of Australia installed.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SC43-45_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SC43-45-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These initial vessels were joined by <i><a href="/wiki/Geoanna" title="Geoanna">Geoanna</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/USS_Volador_(IX-59)" title="USS Volador (IX-59)"><i>Volador</i></a><sup id="cite_ref-Grover_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grover-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and later by a more capable fleet as described in <i>The Signal Corps: The Outcome (Mid-1943 Through 1945)</i>: </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Argosy_Lemal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Argosy_Lemal.jpg/220px-Argosy_Lemal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Argosy_Lemal.jpg/330px-Argosy_Lemal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Argosy_Lemal.jpg/440px-Argosy_Lemal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="432" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Booya_(ship)" title="Booya (ship)"><i>Argosy Lemal</i></a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1940</span>, one of two Australian vessels acquired by the SWPA chief signal officer for the SWPA CP fleet.</figcaption></figure> <blockquote><p> The first task was to obtain ships more suitable than the <i>Harold</i> or the <i>Argosy</i>. Such a ship was the freighterpassenger, FP-47, acquired by Signal Corps in March 1944, at Sydney. The Army had built her in the United States in 1942, a sturdy, wooden, diesel-driven vessel only 114 feet long, but broad, of 370 tons, intended for use in the Aleutians. Instead she had sailed to Australia as a tug. The Signal Corps fitted her with Australian transmitters and receivers, also with an SCR-300 walkietalkie, two SCR-808's, and an SCR-608, plus power equipment, antennas, and, finally, quarters for the Signal Corps operators. The Australian sets were intended for long-range CW signals operating in the high frequencies; the SCRs were short-range VHF FM radios for use in the fleet net and for ship-toshore channels. Armed with antiaircraft weapons and machine guns (served by 12 enlisted men of the Army ship and gun crews), navigated by a crew of 6 <a href="/wiki/Army_Transport_Service" title="Army Transport Service">Army Transport Service</a> officers and the 12 men already mentioned, the FP-47 was ready for service in June. Her Signal Corps complement consisted of one officer and 12 men.</p></blockquote> <blockquote><p>The facilities of FP-47 were needed immediately at Hollandia to supplement the heavily loaded signal nets that could hardly carry the message burden imposed by the invasion and the subsequent build-up there of a great base. Arriving on 25 June, she anchored offshore and ran cables to the message centers on land. Her powerful transmitters opened new channels to SWPA headquarters in Brisbane and to the advance headquarters still at Port Moresby. At Hollandia, and at Biak, to which the FP-47 moved early in September, this one ship handled an average of 7,000 to 11,000 code groups a day.<sup id="cite_ref-SC43-45_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SC43-45-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p></blockquote> <p>Many film industry personalities served in the Signal Corps, including <a href="/wiki/Stan_Lee" title="Stan Lee">Stan Lee</a>, an American comic book writer, <a href="/wiki/Tony_Randall" title="Tony Randall">Tony Randall</a>, the actor, and <a href="/wiki/Jean_Shepherd" title="Jean Shepherd">Jean Shepherd</a>, radio storyteller, author and narrator of <i><a href="/wiki/A_Christmas_Story" title="A Christmas Story">A Christmas Story</a></i>. </p><p>In 1942 General <a href="/wiki/George_C._Marshall" title="George C. Marshall">George C. Marshall</a> ordered the creation of the Army Pictorial Service (APS) to produce motion pictures for the training, indoctrination, and entertainment of the American forces and their <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allies</a>. The APS took over <a href="/wiki/Kaufman_Astoria_Studios" title="Kaufman Astoria Studios">Kaufman Astoria Studios</a> in 1942 and produced over 2,500 films during the war with over 1,000 redubbed in other languages.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Army left Astoria studios and film production in 1971. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Julius_Rosenberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Julius Rosenberg">Julius Rosenberg</a> worked for the Signal Corps Labs from 1940 to 1945. He was dismissed early in 1945 when it was learned he had been a member of the <a href="/wiki/History_of_Soviet_espionage_in_the_United_States#Secret_apparatus" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Soviet espionage in the United States">Communist Party USA secret apparatus</a>, and had passed to the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> the secret of the <a href="/wiki/Proximity_fuze" title="Proximity fuze">proximity fuze</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cold_War">Cold War</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Army_Signal_Corps&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Cold War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Equipment_at_Repeater_Station,_Daegu_1950-08-01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Equipment_at_Repeater_Station%2C_Daegu_1950-08-01.jpg/220px-Equipment_at_Repeater_Station%2C_Daegu_1950-08-01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Equipment_at_Repeater_Station%2C_Daegu_1950-08-01.jpg/330px-Equipment_at_Repeater_Station%2C_Daegu_1950-08-01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Equipment_at_Repeater_Station%2C_Daegu_1950-08-01.jpg/440px-Equipment_at_Repeater_Station%2C_Daegu_1950-08-01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="627" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>SC345199 – Korean War Equipment at <a href="/wiki/Radio_repeater" title="Radio repeater">Repeater Station</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taegu,_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Taegu, Korea">Taegu, Korea</a>. Quad cable terminal on left, testboard on right and center on 1 August 1950.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Signal Corps' <a href="/wiki/Project_Diana" title="Project Diana">Project Diana</a>, in 1946, successfully bounced radar signals off the moon, paving the way for space communications. </p><p>In 1948 researchers at Fort Monmouth grew the first synthetically produced large <a href="/wiki/Quartz" title="Quartz">quartz</a> crystals. The crystals were able to be used in the manufacture of electronic components, and made the United States largely independent of foreign imports for this critical mineral. In 1949 the first auto-assembly of <a href="/wiki/Printed_circuit_board" title="Printed circuit board">printed circuits</a> was invented. A technique for assembling electronic parts on a printed circuit board, developed by Fort Monmouth engineers, pioneered the development and fabrication of miniature circuits for both military and civilian use. Although they did not invent the <a href="/wiki/Transistor" title="Transistor">transistor</a>, Fort Monmouth scientists were among the first to recognize its importance, particularly in military applications, and did pioneer significant improvements in its composition and production. </p><p>Everything was to change as world tensions increased with the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Airlift" class="mw-redirect" title="Berlin Airlift">Berlin Airlift</a>. To sustain the Army's worldwide commitments, it again became necessary to enlarge the capacity of every activity on-post. </p><p>In June 1950, with the onset of the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a>, President <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a> quickly received the necessary authorization to call the <a href="/wiki/National_Guard_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="National Guard of the United States">National Guard</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reserve_component_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Reserve component of the Armed Forces of the United States">Organized Reserves</a> to 21 months of active duty. He also signed a bill extending the <a href="/wiki/Selective_Service_Act_of_1948" class="mw-redirect" title="Selective Service Act of 1948">Selective Service Act</a> until 9 July 1951. The Officer Candidate School was reestablished. </p><p>The fighting in Korea brought to light the need for new techniques in the conduct of modern warfare. The use of mortars by the enemy, and the resultant need to quickly <a href="/wiki/Counter-battery_fire" title="Counter-battery fire">locate and destroy</a> the mortar sites resulted in development of the Mortar-Radar Locator AN/MPQ-3 and AN/MPQ-10 at the Communications Electronics Research and Development Engineering Center, better known as the <a href="/wiki/Albert_J._Myer" title="Albert J. Myer">Albert J. Myer</a> Center, or simply, the Hexagon. Korea's terrain and road nets, along with the distance and speed with which communications were forced to travel, limited the use of wire. The Signal Corps' <a href="/wiki/Very_high_frequency" title="Very high frequency">VHF</a> radio became the "backbone" of tactical communications throughout the war. </p><p>The development of new equipment, however, placed requirements on the Signal Corps to provide increased numbers of trained electronics personnel to work in the <a href="/wiki/Fire-control_system" title="Fire-control system">fire control</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guided_missile" class="mw-redirect" title="Guided missile">guided missiles</a> firing battery systems. To meet this need, Signal Corps Training Units—the 9614th and 9615th—were established at <a href="/wiki/Aberdeen,_Maryland#Aberdeen_Proving_Ground" title="Aberdeen, Maryland">Aberdeen</a>, Maryland and <a href="/wiki/Redstone_Arsenal" title="Redstone Arsenal">Redstone Arsenal</a> in Alabama. These units provided instruction on electronics equipment used in the <a href="/wiki/Anti-aircraft_warfare" title="Anti-aircraft warfare">anti-aircraft artillery</a> and guided missile firing systems. </p><p>Following the arrest of the <a href="/wiki/Julius_and_Ethel_Rosenberg" title="Julius and Ethel Rosenberg">Julius and Ethel Rosenberg</a> in 1950, two former Fort Monmouth scientists, <a href="/wiki/Joel_Barr" title="Joel Barr">Joel Barr</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Sarant" title="Alfred Sarant">Alfred Sarant</a>, defected to the Soviet Union. On 31 August 1953, having received word of possible <a href="/wiki/Subversion_(political)" class="mw-redirect" title="Subversion (political)">subversive activities</a> from Fort Monmouth's commanding general, Kirke B. Lawton, the Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Permanent_Subcommittee_on_Investigations" class="mw-redirect" title="Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations">Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations</a> (PSI), <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senator</a> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_McCarthy" title="Joseph McCarthy">Joseph McCarthy</a>, suspected a spy ring still existed in the Signal Corps labs. At first, McCarthy conducted his hearings behind closed doors, but opened them to the public on 24 November 1953. Extensive <a href="/wiki/Congressional_hearing" class="mw-redirect" title="Congressional hearing">Congressional hearings</a> were continued in 1955 under the chairmanship of Senator <a href="/wiki/John_Little_McClellan" class="mw-redirect" title="John Little McClellan">John McClellan</a> of Arkansas. </p><p>In the 1950s the Army Pictorial Service produced a series of television programs called <i><a href="/wiki/The_Big_Picture_(American_TV_series)" title="The Big Picture (American TV series)">The Big Picture</a></i> that were often aired on American television. The last episode was produced in 1971.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 18 December 1958, with <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">Air Force</a> assistance, the Signal Corps launched its first <a href="/wiki/Communications_satellite" title="Communications satellite">communications satellite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Project_SCORE" class="mw-redirect" title="Project SCORE">Project SCORE</a>, demonstrating the feasibility of worldwide communications in delayed and real-time mode by means of relatively simple active satellite relays. </p><p>The Vietnam War's requirement for high-quality telephone and message circuits led to the Signal Corps' deployment of <a href="/wiki/Tropospheric_scatter" title="Tropospheric scatter">tropospheric-scatter</a> radio links that could provide many circuits between locations more than 200 miles apart. Other developments included the <a href="/wiki/Syncom" title="Syncom">SYNCOM</a> satellite communications service, and a commercial fixed-station system known as the Integrated Wideband Communications System, the Southeast Asia link in the <a href="/wiki/Defense_Satellite_Communications_System" title="Defense Satellite Communications System">Defense Communications System</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Korean_War_and_Vietnam_War">Korean War and Vietnam War</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Army_Signal_Corps&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Korean War and Vietnam War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> the Signal Corps operated officer candidate schools initially at Fort Monmouth in 1950–1953, graduating 1,234 officers, and at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Gordon" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Gordon">Fort Gordon</a> in 1965–1968, which produced 2,213 signal officers. (The World War II Signal OCS program at Fort Monmouth, from 1941–1946 graduated 21,033 Signal Corps officers.) </p><p>Modern warfare utilizes three main sorts of signal soldiers. Some are assigned to specific military bases ("Base Ops"), and they are charged with installation, operation and maintenance of the base communications infrastructure along with hired civilian contracted companies. Others are members of non-signal Army units, providing communications capability for those with other jobs to accomplish (e.g. infantry, medical, armor, etc.) in much the same way as, say, the unit supply sections, unit clerks, or chemical specialists. The third major sort of signaleer is one assigned to a signal unit. That is to say, a unit whose only mission is to provide communications links between the Army units in their area of operations and other signal nodes in further areas served by other signal units. </p><p>Sending radio signals across the vast Pacific Ocean had always been unreliable. In August 1964, radio communications across the sea were given a huge boost in quality: The first satellite terminal ever installed in a combat zone was installed in Ba Queo, near <a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City">Saigon</a>, led by Warrant Officer Jack Inman.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This enabled trustworthy communications to Hawaii, and thereby to Washington, D.C. </p><p>From north to south, communicating across the varied landscapes of Vietnam presented a variety of challenges, from mountains to jungle. The answer came by utilizing the technology of "troposcatter". A radio signal beamed up into the atmosphere is "bounced" back down to Earth with astonishingly good results, bypassing debilitating terrain. The Army had little experience with this technology, so they contracted the development of the systems to Page Engineering. In January 1962, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">Secretary of Defense</a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_McNamara" title="Robert McNamara">Robert McNamara</a> approved the system of troposcatter units under the operational name of BACKPORCH.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The escalation of the number of troops in the Vietnam War caused an increasing need for more communications infrastructure. In the spring of 1966 the assorted Signal units were reassigned to the newly formed <a href="/wiki/1st_Signal_Brigade_(United_States)" title="1st Signal Brigade (United States)">1st Signal Brigade</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the close of 1968 this brigade consisted of six signal groups, and 22 signal battalions—roughly 23,000 soldiers.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War_Casualties" class="mw-redirect" title="Vietnam War Casualties">Vietnam War death</a> on the battlefield was a Signal Corps radio operator, <a href="/wiki/Specialist_(rank)#United_States_Army" title="Specialist (rank)">SP4</a> James Thomas Davis of the 3rd Radio Research Unit of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Security_Agency" title="United States Army Security Agency">United States Army Security Agency</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Post_Vietnam_and_Gulf_War">Post Vietnam and Gulf War</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Army_Signal_Corps&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Post Vietnam and Gulf War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A major program in 1988 was the initial production and deployment phase of the mobile-subscriber equipment (MSE) system. The MSE system called for setting up the equivalent of a <a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone" title="Mobile phone">mobile telephone</a> network on a battlefield, allowing a commander or <a href="/wiki/Tactical_Operations_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Tactical Operations Center">Tactical Operations Center</a> (TOC) to connect mobile telephones and fax machines in vehicles with each other, sending and receiving secure information. Talking through signal nodes, MSE established a seamless connection from the battlefield even back to commercial telephone lines. Significant to the Signal soldiers, MSE was fielded on the backs of <a href="/wiki/Humvee" title="Humvee">Humvee</a>, rather than on the larger, less-mobile <a href="/wiki/M35_2-1/2_ton_cargo_truck" class="mw-redirect" title="M35 2-1/2 ton cargo truck">M35 2-1/2 ton cargo trucks</a>—the "deuce and a half".<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 1990, most Army units had replaced their older <a href="/wiki/AN/VRC-12" title="AN/VRC-12">VRC-12</a> series FM radios for the new <a href="/wiki/SINCGARS" title="SINCGARS">SINCGARS</a> ("SINgle-Channel Ground-Air Radio Systems") family of equipment. Rather than sending a signal along one signal frequency, the SINCGARS radios sent its signals across many frequencies, <a href="/wiki/Frequency-hopping_spread_spectrum" title="Frequency-hopping spread spectrum">"hopping"</a> from one frequency to another at high speed. This allowed many nets to share an already-crowded frequency spectrum.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later generations of these radios combined the <a href="/wiki/Communications_security" title="Communications security">communications security</a> (COMSEC) encryption devices with the receiver/transmitter, making a single easier-to-program unit. Most significant, the SINCGARS radios could send and receive digital traffic with great fidelity.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the advent of <a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Operation Desert Shield</a>, all Army units were deployed using the most secure FM communications in the world. The SINCGARS radios have a failure rate in extreme heat of once every 7,000 hours compared to the VRC-12 series' failure rate of 2–300 hours.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Afghanistan_and_Iraq">Afghanistan and Iraq</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Army_Signal_Corps&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Afghanistan and Iraq"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since October 2001, the Signal Corps has provided communications for the <a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001-2021)" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Afghanistan (2001-2021)">War in Afghanistan (2001-2021)</a> and the <a href="/wiki/War_in_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Iraq">War in Iraq</a>. The Signal Corps is currently fielding the <a href="/wiki/Warfighter_Information_Network-Tactical" class="mw-redirect" title="Warfighter Information Network-Tactical">Warfighter Information Network-Tactical</a> (WIN-T).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> It will<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The date of the event predicted near this tag has passed. (May 2021)">needs update</span></a></i>]</sup> eventually provide "On-The-Move" down to the company level for maneuver, fires and aviation brigades, and will fully support the <a href="/wiki/Future_Combat_Systems" title="Future Combat Systems">Future Combat Systems</a> (FCS) program;<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and also provide protected satellite communications "On-The-Move" capability against jamming, detection and intercept and will be aligned with the Telecommunications Satellite (TSAT) program.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Military_occupational_specialties">Military occupational specialties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Army_Signal_Corps&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Military occupational specialties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Signal Corps <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Army_careers#Signal_Corps_Branch" title="List of United States Army careers">military occupational specialties</a> are:<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Enlisted">Enlisted</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Army_Signal_Corps&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Enlisted"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 27em;"> <ul><li>25B: Information Technology Specialist</li> <li>25D: Cyber Network Defender</li> <li>25E: Electromagnetic Spectrum Manager</li> <li>25H: Network Communications Systems Specialist (Merged 25L, 25N, 25Q)</li> <li>25S: Satellite Communication Systems Operator / Maintainer (Merged with 25P)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signal_Support_Systems_Specialist_(United_States_Army)" class="mw-redirect" title="Signal Support Systems Specialist (United States Army)">25U: Signal Support Systems Specialist</a></li> <li>25Z: Visual Information Operations Chief</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Warrant_officer">Warrant officer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Army_Signal_Corps&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Warrant officer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:030921-A-2611R-011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/030921-A-2611R-011.jpg/220px-030921-A-2611R-011.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/030921-A-2611R-011.jpg/330px-030921-A-2611R-011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/030921-A-2611R-011.jpg/440px-030921-A-2611R-011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1258" data-file-height="1062" /></a><figcaption><br />A Combat Documentation Specialist of the <a href="/wiki/1108th_Signal_Brigade" title="1108th Signal Brigade">1108th Signal Brigade</a> documents <a href="/wiki/10th_Mountain_Division" title="10th Mountain Division">10th Mountain Division</a> soldiers as they search a mountainside near Shkin Firebase in late 2003.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>255A Information Services Technician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/255n" title="255n">255N</a> Network Management Technician</li> <li>255S Information Protection Technician</li> <li>255Z Senior Signal Systems Technician</li></ul> <dl><dd>Note 1: 250N has been changed to 255N.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dd>Note 2: 251A and 254A have been merged into 255A.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dd>Note 3: 255S is new.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Commissioned_officer_areas_of_concentration_(AOC)"><span id="Commissioned_officer_areas_of_concentration_.28AOC.29"></span>Commissioned officer areas of concentration (AOC)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Army_Signal_Corps&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Commissioned officer areas of concentration (AOC)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>25A Signal Officer</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Commissioned_officer_functional_areas_(FA)"><span id="Commissioned_officer_functional_areas_.28FA.29"></span>Commissioned officer functional areas (FA)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Army_Signal_Corps&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Commissioned officer functional areas (FA)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>FA26A Telecommunications Systems Engineer</li> <li>FA26B Information Systems Engineer</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Heraldic_items">Heraldic items</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Army_Signal_Corps&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Heraldic items"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coat_of_arms">Coat of arms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Army_Signal_Corps&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Coat of arms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Army_Signal_Corps_Frontpiece.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/60/US_Army_Signal_Corps_Frontpiece.jpg/220px-US_Army_Signal_Corps_Frontpiece.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/60/US_Army_Signal_Corps_Frontpiece.jpg/330px-US_Army_Signal_Corps_Frontpiece.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/60/US_Army_Signal_Corps_Frontpiece.jpg/440px-US_Army_Signal_Corps_Frontpiece.jpg 2x" data-file-width="562" data-file-height="691" /></a><figcaption>The Signal Corps Regimental Color</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Shield: Argent, within a bordure tenne a baton fesswise or and suspended therefrom a signal flag gules charged at center with a square of the first, in chief a mullet bronze.</li> <li>Crest: On a wreath of the colors <a href="/wiki/Argent" title="Argent">argent</a> and tenne a dexter hand couped at the wrist, clenched, palm affronte, grasping three forked lightning flashes, all proper, flashes argent.</li> <li>Motto: <i>Pro Patria Vigilans</i> (Watchful for the Country).</li> <li>The U.S. Army Signal Corps March: "From flag and torch in the Civil War, to signal satellites afar, we give our Army the voice to give command on battlefield or global span, in combat, we're always in the fight we speed the message day or night, technicians too, ever skillful, ever watchful, we're the Army Signal Corps."<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Symbolism:</li></ul> <ol><li>Orange and white are the colors traditionally associated with the Signal Corps.</li> <li>The signal flag suspended from a baton is adopted from a badge that originated in 1865 and was called the Order of the Signal Corps.</li> <li>The bronze battle star represents formal recognition for participation in combat. It adorned a signal flag and was first awarded to Signal Corps soldiers in 1862.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Branch_insignia">Branch insignia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Army_Signal_Corps&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Branch insignia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The Signal Corps branch insignia is represented by two signal flags crossed, dexter flag white with a red center, the sinister flag red with a white center, staffs gold, with a flaming torch of gold color metal upright at center of crossed flags.</li></ul> <ol><li>"Crossed flags" have been used by the Signal Corps since 1868, when they were prescribed for wear on the uniform coat by enlisted men of the Signal Corps.</li> <li>In 1884, a burning torch was added to the insignia and the present design adopted on 1 July 1884.</li> <li>The flags and torch are symbolic of signaling or communication.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regimental_Distinctive_Insignia">Regimental Distinctive Insignia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Army_Signal_Corps&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Regimental Distinctive Insignia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Description: A gold color metal and enamel device that consists of a gold eagle grasping a horizontal baton from which is suspended a red signal flag with a white center, enclosing the flag from a star at the bottom, a wreath of laurel all gold and at top left and right a white scroll inscribed PRO PATRIA at left and VIGILANS at right in gold.</li> <li>Symbolism:</li></ul> <ol><li>The gold eagle holds in his talons a golden baton, from which descends a signal flag.</li> <li>The design originated in 1865 from a meeting of Signal Corps officers, led by Major <a href="/wiki/Albert_J._Myer" title="Albert J. Myer">Albert J. Myer</a>, the chief signal officer, in Washington, D.C.</li> <li>The badge was a symbol of faithful service and good fellowship for those who served together in war and was called the Order of the Signal Corps.</li> <li>The motto <i>Pro Patria Vigilans</i> (Watchful for the Country) was adopted from the Signal School insignia and serves to portray the cohesiveness of Signal soldiers and their affiliation with their regimental home.</li> <li>The laurel wreath depicts the myriad achievements through strength made by the corps since its inception.</li> <li>The battle star centered on the wreath represents formal recognition for participation in combat. It adorned a signal flag and was first awarded to Signal Corps soldiers in 1862. The battle star typifies the close operational relationship between the combined arms and the Signal Corps.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inception">Inception</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Army_Signal_Corps&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Inception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Signal Corps was authorized as a separate branch of the Army by <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Congress" title="Act of Congress">Act of Congress</a> on 3 March 1863 (Public Law No. 58 Article VIII, Section 17 and 18).<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the Signal Corps dates its existence from 21 June 1860, when Congress authorized the appointment of one signal officer in the Army, and a War Department order carried the following assignment: "Signal Department—Assistant Surgeon Albert J. Myer to be Signal Officer, with the rank of Major, 17 June 1860, to fill an original vacancy." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Branch_color">Branch color</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Army_Signal_Corps&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Branch color"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Orange with white piping. Orange was selected in 1872 as the Signal Corps branch color. In 1902, the white piping was added to conform to the custom that prevailed of having piping of a different color for all branches except the line branches. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_members">Notable members</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Army_Signal_Corps&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Notable members"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Notable members of the Signal Corps include General of the Army (later General of the Air Force) <a href="/wiki/Henry_H._Arnold" title="Henry H. Arnold">Henry H. Arnold</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lester_Asheim" title="Lester Asheim">Lester Asheim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frank_Capra" title="Frank Capra">Frank Capra</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Cheever" title="John Cheever">John Cheever</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frank_Lautenberg" title="Frank Lautenberg">Frank Lautenberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stan_Lee" title="Stan Lee">Stan Lee</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Russ_Meyer" title="Russ Meyer">Russ Meyer</a>, <a href="/wiki/C._Bruce_Pickette" title="C. Bruce Pickette">C. Bruce Pickette</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tony_Randall" title="Tony Randall">Tony Randall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Shepherd" title="Jean Shepherd">Jean Shepherd</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_C._Holmes" class="mw-redirect" title="John C. Holmes">John C. Holmes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julius_Rosenberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Julius Rosenberg">Julius Rosenberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Darryl_Zanuck" class="mw-redirect" title="Darryl Zanuck">Darryl Zanuck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Alito" title="Samuel Alito">Samuel Alito</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Carl_Foreman" title="Carl Foreman">Carl Foreman</a>. </p><p>Five members of the Signal Corps have been awarded the <a href="/wiki/Medal_of_Honor" title="Medal of Honor">Medal of Honor</a>: </p> <ul><li>Private First Class <a href="/wiki/Will_C._Barnes" title="Will C. Barnes">Will C. Barnes</a>, for actions during the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Wars">Indian Wars</a></li> <li>First Lieutenant <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Johnston_(soldier)" title="Gordon Johnston (soldier)">Gordon Johnston</a>, for actions during the <a href="/wiki/Philippine%E2%80%93American_War" title="Philippine–American War">Philippine–American War</a></li> <li>First Lieutenant <a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Kilbourne" title="Charles E. Kilbourne">Charles E. Kilbourne</a>, for actions during the Philippine–American War</li> <li>Private <a href="/wiki/Morgan_D._Lane" title="Morgan D. Lane">Morgan D. Lane</a>, for actions during the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a></li> <li>Brigadier General <a href="/wiki/Adolphus_Greely" title="Adolphus Greely">Adolphus Greely</a>, for life service to the Signal Corps and Army Service from the American Civil War until 1908</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Army_Signal_Corps&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._Signal_Corps_Vehicles" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U.S. Signal Corps Vehicles">List of U.S. Signal Corps Vehicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_Army" title="Ghost Army">Ghost Army (<i>Operation Quicksilver</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_Network_Enterprise_Technology_Command_(NETCOM)/9th_Army_Signal_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="Army Network Enterprise Technology Command (NETCOM)/9th Army Signal Command">Network Enterprise Technology Command/9th Signal Command (Army)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Electronics_Type_Designation_System" title="Joint Electronics Type Designation System">Joint Electronics Type Designation System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Signal_Troops" title="Russian Signal Troops">Russian Signal Troops</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Army_Signal_Corps&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130403050141/http://www.signal.army.mil/ocos/rdiv/histarch/schist.asp">"Signal Corps History"</a>. 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Naval Institute Press. p. 146. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87021-766-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-87021-766-6"><bdi>0-87021-766-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=U.S.+Army+Ships+and+Watercraft+of+World+War+II&rft.pages=146&rft.pub=Naval+Institute+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0-87021-766-6&rft.aulast=Grover&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Army+Signal+Corps" class="Z3988"></span>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLunneyFinch1995" class="citation book cs1">Lunney, Bill; Finch, Frank (1995). <i>Forgotten Fleet</i>. Medlowie NSW, Australia: Forfleet Publishing. p. 136. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-646-26048-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-646-26048-0"><bdi>0-646-26048-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Forgotten+Fleet&rft.place=Medlowie+NSW%2C+Australia&rft.pages=136&rft.pub=Forfleet+Publishing&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-646-26048-0&rft.aulast=Lunney&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft.au=Finch%2C+Frank&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Army+Signal+Corps" class="Z3988"></span>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gordon.army.mil">"Fort Gordon"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050605232527/http://www.gordon.army.mil/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 June 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fort+Gordon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gordon.army.mil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Army+Signal+Corps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.ascendentimage.com">[2]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151012070522/http://ascendentimage.com/">Archived</a> 12 October 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rienzi, Thomas. <i>Vietnam Studies. Communications-Electronics 1962–1970</i>, Department of the Army, Washington, D.C., 1972. p. 19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rienzi. p. 361.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Raines, Rebecca Robbins, <i>Getting the Message Through: A Branch History of the U.S. Army Signal Corps</i>, Center of Military History, United States Army, Washington, D.C. 1999. p. 371</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rienzi. p. v.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stationhypo.com/2016/06/01/remembering-sp4-james-t-davis-usa-kia/">"Remembering SP4 James T. Davis, USA, KIA"</a>. <i>Station HYPO</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Station+HYPO&rft.atitle=Remembering+SP4+James+T.+Davis%2C+USA%2C+KIA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstationhypo.com%2F2016%2F06%2F01%2Fremembering-sp4-james-t-davis-usa-kia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Army+Signal+Corps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Raines. pp. 394–95.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Center for Army Lessons Learned (CALL) Newsletter No. 92-1, <i>Operations Desert Shield – Desert Storm</i>, Jan. 1992. P. 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Raines. pp. 396–7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Raines. p. 407.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://win-t.army.mil/wint/menu.cfm">"PM WIN-T Information & Support Exchange"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141209082825/https://win-t.army.mil/wint/menu.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on 9 December 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PM+WIN-T+Information+%26+Support+Exchange&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwin-t.army.mil%2Fwint%2Fmenu.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Army+Signal+Corps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.army-portal.com/jobs/signal/">"Army-Portal.com - Signal Corps Jobs / Military Occupational Specialties (MOS) List"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150701165845/http://www.army-portal.com/jobs/signal/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Army-Portal.com+-+Signal+Corps+Jobs+%2F+Military+Occupational+Specialties+%28MOS%29+List&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.army-portal.com%2Fjobs%2Fsignal%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Army+Signal+Corps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130310021306/http://www.usarec.army.mil/hq/warrant/prerequ/wo250N.html">"U.S. Army Recruiting Command's Warrant Officer Recruiting Information Site"</a>. Usarec.army.mil. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usarec.army.mil/hq/warrant/prerequ/WO250N.html">the original</a> on 10 March 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.+Army+Recruiting+Command%27s+Warrant+Officer+Recruiting+Information+Site&rft.pub=Usarec.army.mil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usarec.army.mil%2Fhq%2Fwarrant%2Fprerequ%2FWO250N.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Army+Signal+Corps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130310021310/http://www.usarec.army.mil/hq/warrant/prerequ/wo251A.html">"U.S. Army Recruiting Command's Warrant Officer Recruiting Information Site"</a>. Usarec.army.mil. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usarec.army.mil/hq/warrant/prerequ/WO251A.html">the original</a> on 10 March 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.+Army+Recruiting+Command%27s+Warrant+Officer+Recruiting+Information+Site&rft.pub=Usarec.army.mil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usarec.army.mil%2Fhq%2Fwarrant%2Fprerequ%2FWO251A.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Army+Signal+Corps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.army.mil/CIOG6/briefings/Sorenson/090528AUSA.pdf">[3]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090808152706/http://www.army.mil/CIOG6/briefings/Sorenson/090528AUSA.pdf">Archived</a> 8 August 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.signalcorps.org/documents/regimental/songs_brief_narrative.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141215233750/http://www.signalcorps.org/documents/regimental/songs_brief_narrative.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 15 December 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.signalcorps.org%2Fdocuments%2Fregimental%2Fsongs_brief_narrative.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Army+Signal+Corps" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span> Referenced 2014-05-08</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gordon.army.mil/band/music%20files/Signal%20Song.mp3">"Archived copy"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130220101707/http://www.gordon.army.mil/band/music%20files/Signal%20Song.mp3">Archived</a> from the original on 20 February 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gordon.army.mil%2Fband%2Fmusic%2520files%2FSignal%2520Song.mp3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Army+Signal+Corps" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span> Referenced 2014-05-08</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://howardlanham.tripod.com/linkgr3/link158.html">"U.S. Army Regulations Illustration: Link 158 Signal Corps Uniforms"</a>. Howardlanham.tripod.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125015618/http://howardlanham.tripod.com/linkgr3/link158.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.+Army+Regulations+Illustration%3A+Link+158+Signal+Corps+Uniforms&rft.pub=Howardlanham.tripod.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhowardlanham.tripod.com%2Flinkgr3%2Flink158.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Army+Signal+Corps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorthrup2017" class="citation news cs1">Northrup, Samuel (3 March 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=REH42cHNY4U">"Stan Lee gets inducted into the SCRA"</a>. <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211117/REH42cHNY4U">Archived</a> from the original on 17 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Stan+Lee+gets+inducted+into+the+SCRA&rft.date=2017-03-03&rft.aulast=Northrup&rft.aufirst=Samuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DREH42cHNY4U&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Army+Signal+Corps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Army_Signal_Corps&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://armysignalocs.com">The definitive website on all things historical for the Signal Corps; names of officers that served, enlisted, stories, families and friends, their lives, and more</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.armysignalocs.com">List of all Signal Corps Officers that graduated from Army Signal Corps Officer Candidate School during WWII, Korea and Vietnam eras. Includes key enlisted support personnel, graduates of Australian Signal Corps OCS program, et al. Also includes an archive of min-biographies for many of the over 27,000 Officers involved.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.civilwarsignals.org">Signal Corps in the Civil War</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060504232127/http://www.gordon.army.mil/ocos/rdiv/HISTARCH/schist.asp">Signal Corps History</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120619064818/http://signal.army.mil/history/default.htm">Signal Corps Regimental History</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060614141604/http://www.tioh.hqda.pentagon.mil/branches/Signal.htm">Signal Corps Branch Insignia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.army.mil/books/30-17/Front.htm#toc">Getting the Message Through: A Branch History of the U.S. Army Signal Corps, R.R. Raines, 1996, Ctr. of Mil. History, US Army, 438 pp.</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Army_Signal_Corps&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:United_States_Army_Signal_Corps" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:United States Army Signal Corps">United States Army Signal Corps</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.army.mil/banner_images/focus/150th_signal_corps.html">150th Anniversary Portal</a> at the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Center_of_Military_History" title="United States Army Center of Military History">United States Army Center of Military History</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.army.mil/html/books/060/60-15-1/CMH_Pub_60-15-1.pdf">Army Lineage Series – Signal Corps</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://home.army.mil/eisenhower/">U.S. Army Signal Center, Fort Eisenhower</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ArmySignalOCS.com/">U.S. Army Signal Officer Candidate School Association</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.signalcorps.org/">Signal Corps Regimental Association (SCRA)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://25signal.com/">Signal Corps MOS Community</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scra-agc.org/">SCRA, Adolphus Greely Chapter</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scra-atlanta.org/">SCRA, Greater Atlanta Chapter</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nysignal.org/">SCRA, Liberty Chapter</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.civilwarsignal.org/">Signal Corps in the Civil War and Military Telegraphs</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100324004258/http://www.gordon.army.mil/ocos/museum/">Signal Corps Museum</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://voiceofiron.com">Voice of Iron: The 143rd Signal Battalion, 3rd Armor Division</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.armysignalocs.com/">United States Army Signal Corps Officer Candidate School Association</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7igDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA82">Feb 1919 Popular Science article about a method to replace semaphore flags with a swinging dot signal: <i>Wigwagging is Now Done by Machine</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science" title="Popular Science">Popular Science</a> monthly, February 1919, page 82</li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lonesentry.com/gi_stories_booklets/signalcorps/index.html">Service: Story of the Signal Corps</a></i></li> <li>The short film <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gov.archives.arc.2569557"><i>Big Picture: Nerves of the Army</i></a> is available for free viewing and download at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</li> <li>The short film <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gov.archives.arc.2569462"><i>Big Picture: The Eyes and Ears of the Army</i></a> is available for free viewing and download at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/42264">Works by US Army Signal Corps</a> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Corps%2C%20Signal%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Signal%20Corps%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Corps%2C%20Signal%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Signal%20Corps%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Corps%2C%20S%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Signal%20Corps%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Corps%2C%20Signal%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Signal%20Corps%22%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about United States Army Signal Corps</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_Army_navbox" title="Template:US Army navbox"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_Army_navbox" title="Template talk:US Army navbox"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_Army_navbox" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US Army navbox"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_Army" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Leadership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Army" title="United States Secretary of the Army">Secretary of the Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Under_Secretary_of_the_Army" title="United States Under Secretary of the Army">Under Secretary of the Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Chief of Staff of the United States Army">Chief of Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Army">Vice Chief of Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Army_four-star_generals" title="List of United States Army four-star generals">4-star generals</a></li> <li>3-star generals <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lieutenant_generals_in_the_United_States_Army_before_1960" title="List of lieutenant generals in the United States Army before 1960">1798–1959</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Army_lieutenant_generals_from_1990_to_1999" title="List of United States Army lieutenant generals from 1990 to 1999">1990–1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Army_lieutenant_generals_from_2000_to_2009" title="List of United States Army lieutenant generals from 2000 to 2009">2000–2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Army_lieutenant_generals_from_2010_to_2019" title="List of United States Army lieutenant generals from 2010 to 2019">2010–2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Army_lieutenant_generals_since_2020" title="List of United States Army lieutenant generals since 2020">2020–present</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_Staff_Senior_Warrant_Officer" title="Army Staff Senior Warrant Officer">Army Staff Senior Warrant Officer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergeant_Major_of_the_Army" title="Sergeant Major of the Army">Sergeant Major of the Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Armed_Services" title="United States House Committee on Armed Services">House Armed Services Committee</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Armed_Services_Subcommittee_on_Tactical_Air_and_Land_Forces" title="United States House Armed Services Subcommittee on Tactical Air and Land Forces">House Subcommittee on Air and Land Forces</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Armed_Services" title="United States Senate Committee on Armed Services">Senate Committee on Armed Services</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Armed_Services_Subcommittee_on_Airland" title="United States Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Airland">Senate Subcommittee on Air and Land Forces</a>)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Mark_of_the_United_States_Army.svg/80px-Mark_of_the_United_States_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Mark_of_the_United_States_Army.svg/120px-Mark_of_the_United_States_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Mark_of_the_United_States_Army.svg/160px-Mark_of_the_United_States_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Components<br />and<br />commands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regular_Army_(United_States)" title="Regular Army (United States)">Regular Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Reserve" title="United States Army Reserve">Army Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_National_Guard" title="Army National Guard">Army National Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army#Regular_combat_maneuver_organizations" title="United States Army">Active Units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reorganization_plan_of_United_States_Army" title="Reorganization plan of United States Army">Reorganization plan of United States Army</a><br /></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Commands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Forces_Command" title="United States Army Forces Command">Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Futures_Command" title="United States Army Futures Command">Futures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Materiel_Command" title="United States Army Materiel Command">Materiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Training_and_Doctrine_Command" title="United States Army Training and Doctrine Command">Training and Doctrine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Service <br />components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Central" title="United States Army Central">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Europe_and_Africa" title="United States Army Europe and Africa">Europe</a>–<a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Army Africa">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Pacific" title="United States Army Pacific">Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_North" title="United States Army North">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_South" title="United States Army South">South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Special_Operations_Command" title="United States Army Special Operations Command">Special Operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Surface_Deployment_and_Distribution_Command" title="Military Surface Deployment and Distribution Command">Surface Deployment and Distribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Space_and_Missile_Defense_Command" title="United States Army Space and Missile Defense Command">Space and Missile Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Cyber_Command" title="United States Army Cyber Command">Cyber Command</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Direct reporting<br />units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_United_States_Army" title="Second United States Army">Second Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Medical_Command" title="United States Army Medical Command">Medical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Intelligence_and_Security_Command" title="United States Army Intelligence and Security Command">Intelligence and Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Criminal_Investigation_Division" title="United States Army Criminal Investigation Division">Criminal Investigation Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Corps_of_Engineers" title="United States Army Corps of Engineers">Corps of Engineers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Military_District_of_Washington" title="United States Army Military District of Washington">Military District of Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Test_and_Evaluation_Command" title="United States Army Test and Evaluation Command">Test and Evaluation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Military_Academy" title="United States Military Academy">Military Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Reserve_Command" title="United States Army Reserve Command">Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Army_Acquisition_Support_Center" title="U.S. Army Acquisition Support Center">Acquisition Support Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Installation_Management_Command" title="United States Army Installation Management Command">Installation Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_War_College" title="United States Army War College">War College</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_field_armies_of_the_United_States_Army" title="List of field armies of the United States Army">Field armies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Army_(United_States)" title="First Army (United States)">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Central" title="United States Army Central">Third</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_North" title="United States Army North">Fifth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_Army_(United_States)" title="Sixth Army (United States)">Sixth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Europe_and_Africa" title="United States Army Europe and Africa">Seventh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighth_Army_(United_States)" title="Eighth Army (United States)">Eighth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninth_Army_(United_States)" title="Ninth Army (United States)">Ninth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Branches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Acquisition_Corps" title="United States Army Acquisition Corps">Acquisition Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Adjutant_General%27s_Corps" title="United States Army Adjutant General's Corps">Adjutant General's Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Defense_Artillery_Branch" title="Air Defense Artillery Branch">Air Defense Artillery Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armor_Branch" title="Armor Branch">Armor Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Aviation_Branch" title="United States Army Aviation Branch">Aviation Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_military_bands" title="United States military bands">Army Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaplain_Corps_(United_States_Army)" title="Chaplain Corps (United States Army)">Chaplain Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_Corps" title="Chemical Corps">Chemical Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Civil_Affairs_and_Psychological_Operations_Command" title="United States Army Civil Affairs and Psychological Operations Command">Civil Affairs Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Corps_of_Engineers" title="United States Army Corps of Engineers">Corps of Engineers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyber_Branch_(United_States_Army)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyber Branch (United States Army)">Cyber Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Dental_Command" title="United States Army Dental Command">Dental Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_Artillery_Branch_(United_States)" title="Field Artillery Branch (United States)">Field Artillery Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finance_Corps" title="Finance Corps">Finance Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infantry_Branch_(United_States)" title="Infantry Branch (United States)">Infantry Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Inspector_General_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Office of the Inspector General of the United States Army">Inspector General's Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Judge_Advocate_General%27s_Corps" title="United States Army Judge Advocate General's Corps">Judge Advocate General's Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Logistics_Branch" title="United States Army Logistics Branch">Logistics Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Medical_Corps" title="United States Army Medical Corps">Medical Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_Medical_Department_(United_States)" title="Army Medical Department (United States)">Medical Service Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_Medical_Department_(United_States)" title="Army Medical Department (United States)">Medical Specialist Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Intelligence_Corps_(United_States_Army)" title="Military Intelligence Corps (United States Army)">Military Intelligence Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Police_Corps_(United_States)" title="Military Police Corps (United States)">Military Police Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Nurse_Corps" title="United States Army Nurse Corps">Nurse Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Ordnance_Corps" title="United States Army Ordnance Corps">Ordnance Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_operations_(United_States)" title="Psychological operations (United States)">Psychological operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Quartermaster_Corps" title="United States Army Quartermaster Corps">Quartermaster Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signal_Corps_(United_States_Army)" class="mw-redirect" title="Signal Corps (United States Army)">Signal Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Special_Forces" title="United States Army Special Forces">Special Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_Corps" title="Transportation Corps">Transportation Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Veterinary_Corps" title="United States Army Veterinary Corps">Veterinary Corps</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Installations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_former_United_States_Army_installations" title="List of former United States Army installations">United States and overseas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Army_installations_in_Germany" title="List of United States Army installations in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Installations_of_the_United_States_Army_in_Japan" title="Category:Installations of the United States Army in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Army_installations_in_Kuwait" title="List of United States Army installations in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Army_installations_in_South_Korea" title="List of United States Army installations in South Korea">South Korea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Training</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Basic_Training" title="United States Army Basic Training">Basic Training</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basic_Officer_Leaders_Course" title="Basic Officer Leaders Course">BOLC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_Reserve_Officers%27_Training_Corps" title="Army Reserve Officers' Training Corps">ROTC</a> (<a href="/wiki/Early_Commissioning_Program" title="Early Commissioning Program">ECP</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Officer_Candidate_School_(United_States_Army)" title="Officer Candidate School (United States Army)">OCS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warrant_Officer_Basic_Course" title="Warrant Officer Basic Course">WOBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warrant_Officer_Candidate_School" title="Warrant Officer Candidate School">WOCS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Military_Academy" title="United States Military Academy">Military Academy (West Point)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Army_careers" title="List of United States Army careers">MOS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Uniforms and<br />insignia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Awards_and_decorations_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Army" title="Awards and decorations of the United States Department of the Army">Awards and decorations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badges_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Badges of the United States Army">Badges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_branch_insignia" title="United States Army branch insignia">Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_officer_rank_insignia" title="United States Army officer rank insignia">Officer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warrant_officer_(United_States)" title="Warrant officer (United States)">Warrant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_enlisted_rank_insignia" title="United States Army enlisted rank insignia">Enlisted</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_enlisted_rank_insignia_of_World_War_I" title="United States Army enlisted rank insignia of World War I">World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_enlisted_rank_insignia_of_World_War_II" title="United States Army enlisted rank insignia of World War II">World War II</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniforms_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Uniforms of the United States Army">Uniforms</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_equipment_of_the_United_States_Army" title="List of equipment of the United States Army">Equipment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_individual_weapons_of_the_U.S._Armed_Forces" title="List of individual weapons of the U.S. Armed Forces">Individual weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_crew-served_weapons_of_the_U.S._Armed_Forces" title="List of crew-served weapons of the U.S. Armed Forces">Crew-served weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_land_vehicles_of_the_U.S._Armed_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="List of land vehicles of the U.S. Armed Forces">Vehicles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_military_premier_ensembles" title="List of United States military premier ensembles">Premier<br />ensembles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Field_Band" title="United States Army Field Band">Army Field Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Band" title="United States Army Band">Army Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Guard_Fife_and_Drum_Corps" title="Old Guard Fife and Drum Corps">Old Guard Fife and Drum Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Point_Band" title="West Point Band">West Point Band</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">History and<br /> traditions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_Army" title="History of the United States Army">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Continental Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_army" title="Union army">Union army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_Army#World_War_I" title="History of the United States Army">National Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_United_States" title="Army of the United States">Army of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Center_of_Military_History" title="United States Army Center of Military History">Center of Military History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Institute_of_Heraldry" title="United States Army Institute of Heraldry">Institute of Heraldry</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/America%27s_Army" title="America's Army">America's Army</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Art_Program" title="United States Army Art Program">Army Art Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Flag of the United States Army">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_the_United_States_Army" title="National Museum of the United States Army">National Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Military_Academy#West_Point_Museum" title="United States Military Academy">West Point Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Rangers" title="United States Army Rangers">Rangers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Army_Regimental_System" title="U.S. Army Regimental System">U.S. Army Regimental System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soldier%27s_Creed" title="Soldier's Creed">Soldier's Creed</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Army_Goes_Rolling_Along" title="The Army Goes Rolling Along">The Army Goes Rolling Along</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_nicknames_of_United_States_Army_divisions" title="List of nicknames of United States Army divisions">Division nicknames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_the_United_States" title="Conscription in the United States">Draft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_number_(United_States_Army)" title="Service number (United States Army)">Service numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventh_Army_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Seventh Army Symphony Orchestra">Seventh Army Symphony Orchestra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Soldier" title="Buffalo Soldier">Buffalo Soldiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_Air_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Army Air Forces">Army Air Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_Service_Forces" title="Army Service Forces">Army Service Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Army_Corps" title="Women's Army Corps">Women's Army Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rough_Riders" title="Rough Riders">Rough Riders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Cavalry" title="United States Cavalry">U.S. Cavalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Colored_Troops" title="United States Colored Troops">United States Colored Troops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Hospital_Corps" title="United States Army Hospital Corps">United States Army Hospital Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Sanitary_Commission" title="United States Sanitary Commission">U.S. Sanitary Commission</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_Army" title="Category:United States Army">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736213#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736213#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736213#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121628567">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/162873812">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/536255/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/121996-0">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79099281">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb125655782">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb125655782">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35563101">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX130988">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=225266">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9812478212205606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007504300205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA17698823?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moma.org/artists/7032">Museum of Modern Art</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pic.nypl.org/constituents/1713">Photographers' Identities</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/996999">Trove</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Etats-Unis. Army. Signal corps"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/086022903">IdRef</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="États-Unis. Army. Signal Corps"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/203357698">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6dg0gvc">SNAC</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w69h8p8p">2</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_Army_Signal_Corps&oldid=1253810907">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_Army_Signal_Corps&oldid=1253810907</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Signal_units_and_formations_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Category:Signal units and formations of the United States Army">Signal units and formations of the United States Army</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Branches_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Category:Branches of the United States Army">Branches of the United States Army</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Signals_intelligence" title="Category:Signals intelligence">Signals intelligence</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Electronic_warfare" title="Category:Electronic warfare">Electronic warfare</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_units_and_formations_established_in_1860" title="Category:Military units and formations established in 1860">Military units and formations established in 1860</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1860_establishments_in_the_United_States" title="Category:1860 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