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class="region region-highlighted"> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> </div> </div> <a id="main-content"></a> <div class="region region-content"> <h1 class="page-header"><span>Beata María Rafols Bruna</span> </h1> <article role="article" about="/biografias/10727/beata-maria-rafols-bruna" class="bio full clearfix"> <div class="content"> <div class="wrapper-biografia"> <div class="field field--name-field-biografia field--type-text-long field--label-visually_hidden"> <div class="field--label sr-only">Biografía</div> <div class="field--item"> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-weight:bold;">Rafols Bruna, María</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">. Beata María Rafols Bruna. </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Villafranca del Penedés (Barcelona), 5.XI.1781 – Zaragoza, 30.VIII.1853. Fundadora de las Hermanas de la Caridad de Santa Ana, beata.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Nació en el seno de una familia de molineros, pero en 1794, al morir el padre, fue enviada a Barcelona, donde estudió en el Colegio de la Enseñanza. En sus ratos libres la joven visitaba a los enfermos del Hospital de la Santa Cruz y allí formó parte de una hermandad que para asistir a los enfermos estaba creando el capellán del Hospital, Juan Bonal y Cortada. En diciembre de 1804, en compañía de otras once mujeres y doce hombres, es enviada al Hospital de Nuestra Señora de Gracia en Zaragoza a fin de atender a los allí ingresados, pero la hostilidad con que fueron recibidos hizo que muy pronto desapareciera la hermandad masculina. María Rafols, como presidenta del grupo de mujeres, se mantuvo firme en su puesto, mejorando las condiciones de vida de los enfermos.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Sin embargo, el 4 de agosto de 1808 el Hospital fue reducido a escombros durante uno de los bombardeos de las tropas francesas sitiadoras de la ciudad. Durante el segundo sitio de la ciudad, al año siguiente, la fundadora se decidió a atravesar las líneas enemigas para entrevistarse con el mariscal Lannes y conseguir de él ayuda para los enfermos. Ocupada la ciudad por los franceses e impuesta al Hospital una junta afrancesada, la madre Rafols se vio obligada a dimitir de su cargo de presidenta el 10 de agosto de 1812, ocupándose entonces de la sacristía y desde 1813 de la inclusa.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">El 15 de julio de 1824 la Congregación obtiene la aprobación de sus constituciones y al año siguiente la madre Rafols pronuncia sus votos y es de nuevo elegida superiora, cargo que ostentará hasta 1829.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">En 1834, en plena Guerra Carlista, fue acusada de conspirar contra la Reina y desterrada a la ciudad de Huesca, de donde no pudo volver hasta 1841, haciéndose nuevamente cargo de los niños de la inclusa. Murió tras larga enfermedad y su causa de beatificación se abrió en 1926, pero no fue beatificada hasta el 16 de octubre de 1994 por el papa Juan Pablo II. En esta dilación tuvo mucho que ver una falsificación de la que la madre Rafols fue víctima setenta años después de su muerte. Desde 1922 la maestra de novicias de la Congregación, llamada María Naya Bescós, comenzó a falsificar una serie de documentos relativos a la fundadora que incluían unas profecías sobre el reinado de Cristo en España; con la llegada de la segunda República aumentaron tales profecías, puestas en boca de la madre Rafols. Aunque la superchería fue pronto descubierta, los escritos gozaron, sin embargo, de gran popularidad durante mucho tiempo.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"> </span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Bibl.: A. Lambert, “Sur les ‘Escritos póstumos’ de la V. M. Rafols”, en </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Revue d’Histoire Écclésiastique</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">, XXIX (1933), págs. 96-107; J. Tellechea Idígoras, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Las hermanas de la caridad de Santa Ana en Zaragoza, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Zaragoza, Hermanas de la Caridad de Santa Ana, 1976; W. A. Christian jr., </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Visionaries. The Spanish Republic and the Reign of Christ, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Berkeley, University of California Press, 1996, págs. 67-74; J. L. Martín Descalzo, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">El verdadero rostro de María Rafols, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Madrid, Biblioteca de Autores Cristianos, 2001; J. Velaz, “Beata María Rafols”, en </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Nuevo año cristiano, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">vol. XI, Madrid, Edibesa, 2001, págs. 99-108.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;"> </span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Miguel C. Vivancos Gómez, OSB </span></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </section> <aside class="col-sm-4" role="complementary"> <div class="region region-sidebar-second"> <section id="block-preguntasfrecuentes" class="block block-block-content block-block-contentbb506541-4315-4ede-8b34-510511732f52 clearfix"> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item"><p><a href="/preguntas-frecuentes">Preguntas frecuentes</a></p> </div> </section> <section class="views-element-container block block-views block-views-blockbiografia-destacada-block-2 clearfix" id="block-views-block-biografia-destacada-block-2"> <h2 class="block-title">Biografía destacada</h2> <div class="form-group"><div class="view view-biografia-destacada view-id-biografia_destacada view-display-id-block_2 js-view-dom-id-1ed68749b39468d3acb17775a8fe61d9febd263c1d4a557d9a3d3d857435aeec"> <div class="view-content"> <div id="views-bootstrap-biografia-destacada-block-2" 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del DBE</h1> <div class="col-xs-12 block-personajes-content"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-5 col-first"> <div class="views-element-container form-group"><div class="view view-personajes-relacionados view-id-personajes_relacionados view-display-id-block_2 js-view-dom-id-7c0bb35a6f8e686fc071b92370a2d0cfafecd4696272f50c8120ff74f80b10d1"> <div class="view-header"> <h2>Biografías que citan a este personaje</h2> </div> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-image"><div class="field-content"> <a href="/biografias/22818/julian-rabaza-fuster" hreflang="und"><img width="33" height="33" src="/sites/default/files/default_images/personaje-azul.svg" alt="DBE" title="DBE" typeof="foaf:Image" class="img-responsive" /> </a> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content"><a href="/biografias/22818/julian-rabaza-fuster" hreflang="und">Julián Rabaza Fuster</a></span></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-2"> <div class="views-element-container form-group"><div class="view view-personaje view-id-personaje view-display-id-block_1 js-view-dom-id-6b71f024d0d98c1a08633cc3a05b1ac502dc9538876f0d6fce57d06eef97b638"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-image"><div class="field-content"> <a href="/biografias/10727/beata-maria-rafols-bruna" hreflang="und"><img width="100" height="100" src="/sites/default/files/default_images/personaje-azul.svg" alt="DBE" title="DBE" typeof="foaf:Image" class="img-responsive" /> </a> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content"><a href="/biografias/10727/beata-maria-rafols-bruna" hreflang="und">Beata María Rafols Bruna</a></span></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-5 col-last"> <div class="views-element-container form-group"><div class="view view-personajes-relacionados view-id-personajes_relacionados view-display-id-block_1 js-view-dom-id-275ed14ba579b4dbaa5889ea9b5e9e3348866fb5d6bf25096b41fe81532ed90b"> <div class="view-header"> <h2>Personajes citados en esta biografía</h2> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section id="block-dbepersonajessimilares" class="block block-dbe-block block-dbe-personajes-similares clearfix"> <div class="block-personajes-similares-wrapper"> <h1>Personajes similares</h1> <div class="personajes-similares-select-wrapper"> <select id="personajes-similares-select" class="form-select required form-control"> <option value="1" selected="selected">Mismo ámbito disciplinar / Misma época</option> <option value="2">Mismo ámbito geográfico de nacimiento / Misma época</option> <option value="3">Mismo ámbito geográfico de muerte / Misma época</option> </select> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 block-personajes-content"> <div class="col-xs-12 content-similares content-similares-1 active"> <div class="views-element-container form-group"><div class="view 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class="views-exposed-form bef-exposed-form" data-bef-auto-submit-full-form="" data-drupal-selector="views-exposed-form-personajes-similares-block-2" action="/biografias/10727/beata-maria-rafols-bruna" method="get" id="views-exposed-form-personajes-similares-block-2" accept-charset="UTF-8"> <div class="form--inline form-inline clearfix"> <div class="form-item js-form-item form-type-select js-form-type-select form-item-tid js-form-item-tid form-no-label form-group"> <div class="select-wrapper"><select data-drupal-selector="edit-tid" class="form-select required form-control" id="edit-tid" name="tid" required="required" aria-required="true"><option value="4" selected="selected">Barcelona</option></select></div> </div> <div data-drupal-selector="edit-actions" class="form-actions form-group js-form-wrapper form-wrapper" id="edit-actions--2"><button data-bef-auto-submit-click="" class="js-hide button js-form-submit form-submit btn-info btn" data-drupal-selector="edit-submit-personajes-similares-2" type="submit" id="edit-submit-personajes-similares--2" value="Apply" name="">Apply</button></div> </div> </form> </div> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-image"><div class="field-content"> <a href="/biografias/19385/jose-sadoc-alemany" hreflang="und"><img width="" height="" src="/sites/default/files/default_images/personaje-azul.svg" alt="DBE" title="DBE" typeof="foaf:Image" class="img-responsive" /> </a> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content"><a href="/biografias/19385/jose-sadoc-alemany">José Sadoc Alemany</a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-image"><div class="field-content"> <a href="/biografias/7145/felix-amat-de-palou-y-pont" hreflang="und"><img src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumb/public/imagenes/biografias/3504_Amat-de-Palou-y-Pont%2C-Felix-.jpg" width="33" height="33" alt="Félix Amat de Palou y Pont" title="Detalle del retrato de Félix Amat, s. 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CC Biblioteca Nacional de España" typeof="foaf:Image" class="img-responsive" /> </a> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content"><a href="/biografias/8001/juan-arolas-bonet">Juan Arolas Bonet</a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-image"><div class="field-content"> <a href="/biografias/21666/josep-blanch-graells" hreflang="und"><img width="" height="" src="/sites/default/files/default_images/personaje-azul.svg" alt="DBE" title="DBE" typeof="foaf:Image" class="img-responsive" /> </a> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content"><a href="/biografias/21666/josep-blanch-graells">Josep Blanch Graells</a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-image"><div class="field-content"> <a href="/biografias/35945/agustin-pedro-blaquier" hreflang="und"><img width="" height="" src="/sites/default/files/default_images/personaje-azul.svg" alt="DBE" title="DBE" typeof="foaf:Image" class="img-responsive" /> </a> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content"><a href="/biografias/35945/agustin-pedro-blaquier">Agustín Pedro Blaquier</a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-image"><div class="field-content"> <a href="/biografias/30135/agusti-casanovas-manent" hreflang="und"><img width="" height="" src="/sites/default/files/default_images/personaje-azul.svg" alt="DBE" title="DBE" typeof="foaf:Image" class="img-responsive" /> </a> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content"><a href="/biografias/30135/agusti-casanovas-manent">Agustí Casanovas Manent</a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-image"><div class="field-content"> <a href="/biografias/22699/jose-de-calasanz-casanovas-manent" 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href="/biografias/74541/joaquin-catala-i-murall" hreflang="und"><img width="" height="" src="/sites/default/files/default_images/personaje-azul.svg" alt="DBE" title="DBE" typeof="foaf:Image" class="img-responsive" /> </a> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content"><a href="/biografias/74541/joaquin-catala-i-murall">Joaquín Catalá i Murall</a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-image"><div class="field-content"> <a href="/biografias/40157/felicia-clavell-llenas" hreflang="und"><img width="" height="" src="/sites/default/files/default_images/personaje-azul.svg" alt="DBE" title="DBE" typeof="foaf:Image" class="img-responsive" /> </a> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content"><a href="/biografias/40157/felicia-clavell-llenas">Felicia Clavell Llenas</a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-image"><div 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class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-image"><div class="field-content"> <a href="/biografias/55108/francesc-ferrer-tolra" hreflang="und"><img width="" height="" src="/sites/default/files/default_images/personaje-azul.svg" alt="DBE" title="DBE" typeof="foaf:Image" class="img-responsive" /> </a> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content"><a href="/biografias/55108/francesc-ferrer-tolra">Francesc Ferrer Tolrà</a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-image"><div class="field-content"> <a href="/biografias/41009/pedro-pascual-ferreras-escarras" hreflang="und"><img width="" height="" src="/sites/default/files/default_images/personaje-azul.svg" alt="DBE" title="DBE" typeof="foaf:Image" class="img-responsive" /> </a> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content"><a href="/biografias/41009/pedro-pascual-ferreras-escarras">Pedro Pascual Ferreras 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