CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Flag of France - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"2323d29a-a978-41a2-99c3-f4965502b61c","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Flag_of_France","wgTitle":"Flag of France","wgCurRevisionId":1259346434,"wgRevisionId":1259346434,"wgArticleId":70764,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles containing French-language text","CS1 French-language sources (fr)","CS1 Italian-language sources (it)","Articles containing Italian-language text","CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown","Webarchive template wayback links","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use dmy dates from March 2021","Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference", "Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from The American Cyclopaedia","Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from The American Cyclopaedia without a Wikisource reference","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Articles containing video clips","National symbols of France","National flags","Flags of France","Flags introduced in 1794","Flags introduced in 1830","Flags with blue, red and white","Tricolor flags","Vertically symmetrical flags"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Flag_of_France","wgRelevantArticleId":70764,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr", "pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":50000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q43192","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles": "ready","ext.tmh.player.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.gallery","mediawiki.page.media","ext.tmh.player","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface", "ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.tmh.player.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/1200px-Flag_of_France.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="800"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/800px-Flag_of_France.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="533"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/640px-Flag_of_France.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="427"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Flag of France - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_France"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_France&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_France"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Flag_of_France rootpage-Flag_of_France skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Flag+of+France" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Flag+of+France" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Flag+of+France" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Flag+of+France" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Design" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Design"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Design</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Design-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Symbolism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Symbolism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Symbolism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Symbolism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kingdom_of_France" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kingdom_of_France"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Kingdom of France</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kingdom_of_France-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Tricolore" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Tricolore"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>The <i>Tricolore</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Tricolore-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regimental_flags" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regimental_flags"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Regimental flags</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regimental_flags-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Naval_flags" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Naval_flags"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Naval flags</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Naval_flags-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colonial_flags" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colonial_flags"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Colonial flags</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colonial_flags-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Other</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Flag of France</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 88 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-88" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">88 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlag_van_Frankryk" title="Vlag van Frankryk – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Vlag van Frankryk" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="علم فرنسا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="علم فرنسا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandera_de_Francia" title="Bandera de Francia – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Bandera de Francia" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D4%B4%D6%80%D6%85%D5%B7" title="Ֆրանսայի Դրօշ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ֆրանսայի Դրօշ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drap%C3%A9l_de_la_France" title="Drapél de la France – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Drapél de la France" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandera_de_Francia" title="Bandera de Francia – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Bandera de Francia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransa_bayra%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Fransa bayrağı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Fransa bayrağı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%87_%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%BA%DB%8C" title="فرانسه بایراغی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="فرانسه بایراغی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kob%C3%A9r_Prancis" title="Kobér Prancis – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Kobér Prancis" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoat-kok_kok-k%C3%AE" title="Hoat-kok kok-kî – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hoat-kok kok-kî" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%86%D1%8F%D0%B3_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%96" title="Сцяг Францыі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сцяг Францыі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8C%D1%86%D1%8F%D0%B3_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%96" title="Сьцяг Францыі – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Сьцяг Францыі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Национално знаме на Франция – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Национално знаме на Франция" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zastava_Francuske" title="Zastava Francuske – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Zastava Francuske" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banniel_Fra%C3%B1s" title="Banniel Frañs – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Banniel Frañs" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandera_de_Fran%C3%A7a" title="Bandera de França – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bandera de França" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francouzsk%C3%A1_vlajka" title="Francouzská vlajka – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Francouzská vlajka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baner_Ffrainc" title="Baner Ffrainc – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Baner Ffrainc" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tricoloren" title="Tricoloren – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tricoloren" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flagge_Frankreichs" title="Flagge Frankreichs – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Flagge Frankreichs" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prantsusmaa_lipp" title="Prantsusmaa lipp – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Prantsusmaa lipp" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%93%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Σημαία της Γαλλίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σημαία της Γαλλίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandera_de_Francia" title="Bandera de Francia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bandera de Francia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flago_de_Francio" title="Flago de Francio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Flago de Francio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frantziako_bandera" title="Frantziako bandera – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Frantziako bandera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%DA%86%D9%85_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%87" title="پرچم فرانسه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پرچم فرانسه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drapeau_de_la_France" title="Drapeau de la France – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Drapeau de la France" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandeira_de_Francia" title="Bandeira de Francia – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Bandeira de Francia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AB%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%8B_%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B7%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%9F%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%A7%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%9C" title="ફ્રાન્સનો રાષ્ટ્રધ્વજ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ફ્રાન્સનો રાષ્ટ્રધ્વજ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%9E%91%EC%8A%A4%EC%9D%98_%EA%B5%AD%EA%B8%B0" title="프랑스의 국기 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프랑스의 국기" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%A4%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B7" title="Ֆրանսիայի դրոշ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆրանսիայի դրոշ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%9C" title="फ्रांस का ध्वज – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="फ्रांस का ध्वज" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zastava_Francuske" title="Zastava Francuske – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Zastava Francuske" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standardo_di_Francia" title="Standardo di Francia – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Standardo di Francia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="ফ্রান্সর ফিরালহান – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="ফ্রান্সর ফিরালহান" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bendera_Prancis" title="Bendera Prancis – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bendera Prancis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A1ni_Frakklands" title="Fáni Frakklands – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Fáni Frakklands" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandiera_della_Francia" title="Bandiera della Francia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bandiera della Francia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%92%D7%9C_%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%AA" title="דגל צרפת – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דגל צרפת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gend%C3%A9ra_Prancis" title="Gendéra Prancis – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Gendéra Prancis" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%93%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A8%E1%83%90" title="საფრანგეთის დროშა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="საფრანგეთის დროშა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bendera_ya_Ufaransa" title="Bendera ya Ufaransa – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Bendera ya Ufaransa" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vexillum_Franciae" title="Vexillum Franciae – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Vexillum Franciae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francijas_karogs" title="Francijas karogs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Francijas karogs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A4ndel_vu_Frankr%C3%A4ich" title="Fändel vu Frankräich – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Fändel vu Frankräich" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pranc%C5%ABzijos_v%C4%97liava" title="Prancūzijos vėliava – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Prancūzijos vėliava" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandera_de_la_Franza" title="Bandera de la Franza – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Bandera de la Franza" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franciaorsz%C3%A1g_z%C3%A1szlaja" title="Franciaország zászlaja – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Franciaország zászlaja" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Знаме на Франција – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Знаме на Франција" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%9E%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B6%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95" title="ഫ്രഞ്ച് ദേശീയപതാക – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഫ്രഞ്ച് ദേശീയപതാക" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%9C" title="फ्रान्सचा ध्वज – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="फ्रान्सचा ध्वज" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="علم فرنسا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="علم فرنسا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bendera_Perancis" title="Bendera Perancis – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bendera Perancis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%82%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B0" title="Францын төрийн далбаа – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Францын төрийн далбаа" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlag_van_Frankrijk" title="Vlag van Frankrijk – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vlag van Frankrijk" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9%E3%81%AE%E5%9B%BD%E6%97%97" title="フランスの国旗 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フランスの国旗" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankrikes_flagg" title="Frankrikes flagg – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Frankrikes flagg" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_franske_flagget" title="Det franske flagget – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Det franske flagget" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandi%C3%A8ra_de_Fran%C3%A7a" title="Bandièra de França – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Bandièra de França" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransiya_bayrog%CA%BBi" title="Fransiya bayrogʻi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Fransiya bayrogʻi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%B8_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%9D%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BE" title="ਫ੍ਰਾਂਸ ਦਾ ਝੰਡਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਫ੍ਰਾਂਸ ਦਾ ਝੰਡਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3_%D8%AF%D8%A7_%DA%86%D9%86%DA%88%D8%A7" title="فرانس دا چنڈا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="فرانس دا چنڈا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flaga_Francji" title="Flaga Francji – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Flaga Francji" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandeira_da_Fran%C3%A7a" title="Bandeira da França – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bandeira da França" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drapelul_Fran%C8%9Bei" title="Drapelul Franței – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Drapelul Franței" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Флаг Франции – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Флаг Франции" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banner_o_Fraunce" title="Banner o Fraunce – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Banner o Fraunce" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flamuri_i_Franc%C3%ABs" title="Flamuri i Francës – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Flamuri i Francës" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bannera_francisa" title="Bannera francisa – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Bannera francisa" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_France" title="Flag of France – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Flag of France" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlajka_Franc%C3%BAzska" title="Vlajka Francúzska – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Vlajka Francúzska" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fana_Francyje" title="Fana Francyje – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Fana Francyje" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%DA%B5%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%81%DB%95%DA%95%DB%95%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="ئاڵای فەڕەنسا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئاڵای فەڕەنسا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="Застава Француске – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Застава Француске" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zastava_Francuske" title="Zastava Francuske – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Zastava Francuske" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranskan_lippu" title="Ranskan lippu – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ranskan lippu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankrikes_flagga" title="Frankrikes flagga – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Frankrikes flagga" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acnyal_n_Fransa" title="Acnyal n Fransa – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Acnyal n Fransa" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9D%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%AA" title="ธงชาติฝรั่งเศส – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ธงชาติฝรั่งเศส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransa_bayra%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Fransa bayrağı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Fransa bayrağı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96%D1%97" title="Прапор Франції – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Прапор Франції" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%E1%BB%91c_k%E1%BB%B3_Ph%C3%A1p" title="Quốc kỳ Pháp – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Quốc kỳ Pháp" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prantsus%C3%B5_lipp" title="Prantsusõ lipp – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Prantsusõ lipp" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E6%97%97" title="法国国旗 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="法国国旗" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80s%C3%AC%C3%A1_il%E1%BA%B9%CC%80_Fr%C3%A1ns%C3%AC" title="Àsìá ilẹ̀ Fránsì – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Àsìá ilẹ̀ Fránsì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%97%97" title="法國旗 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="法國旗" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E6%97%97" title="法国国旗 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="法国国旗" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%9B%E2%B5%8F%E2%B5%A2%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8D_%E2%B5%8F_%E2%B4%BC%E2%B5%95%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F%E2%B5%9A%E2%B4%B0" title="ⴰⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍ ⵏ ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⴰ – Standard Moroccan Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴰⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍ ⵏ ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⴰ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standard Moroccan Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q43192#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_France" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Flag_of_France" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_France"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_France&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_France&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_France"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_France&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_France&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Flag_of_France" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Flag_of_France" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_France&oldid=1259346434" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_France&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Flag_of_France&id=1259346434&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFlag_of_France"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFlag_of_France"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Flag_of_France&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_France&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:National_flag_of_France" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q43192" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">French Republic</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="display:none"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/255px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="255" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/383px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/510px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Tricolore</i></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vexillological_symbol" title="Vexillological symbol">Use</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/National_flag" title="National flag">National flag</a> <span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_111000.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="National flag"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/FIAV_111000.svg/23px-FIAV_111000.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/FIAV_111000.svg/35px-FIAV_111000.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/FIAV_111000.svg/46px-FIAV_111000.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="210" /></a></span> <span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_normal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Normal or de jure version of flag, or obverse side"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FIAV_normal.svg/23px-FIAV_normal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FIAV_normal.svg/36px-FIAV_normal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FIAV_normal.svg/46px-FIAV_normal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> <span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IFIS_Mirror.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Reverse side is mirror image of obverse side"><img alt="Reverse side is mirror image of obverse side" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/IFIS_Mirror.svg/21px-IFIS_Mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/IFIS_Mirror.svg/32px-IFIS_Mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/IFIS_Mirror.svg/42px-IFIS_Mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="21" data-file-height="15" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Proportion</th><td class="infobox-data">2:3 (habitual)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Adopted</th><td class="infobox-data">15 February 1794<span class="noprint">; 230 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1794-02-15</span>)</span> (darker variant on 13 July 2020) <sup id="cite_ref-first_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-first-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Design</th><td class="infobox-data">A vertical <a href="/wiki/Tricolour_(flag)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tricolour (flag)">tricolour</a> of blue, white, and red</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jacques-Louis_David" title="Jacques-Louis David">Jacques-Louis David</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="display:none"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_France_(1976%E2%80%932020).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_France_%281976%E2%80%932020%29.svg/158px-Flag_of_France_%281976%E2%80%932020%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="158" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_France_%281976%E2%80%932020%29.svg/237px-Flag_of_France_%281976%E2%80%932020%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_France_%281976%E2%80%932020%29.svg/315px-Flag_of_France_%281976%E2%80%932020%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vexillological_symbol" title="Vexillological symbol">Use</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/National_flag" title="National flag">National flag</a> <span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_111000.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="National flag"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/FIAV_111000.svg/23px-FIAV_111000.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/FIAV_111000.svg/35px-FIAV_111000.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/FIAV_111000.svg/46px-FIAV_111000.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="210" /></a></span> <span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_historical.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Design used in the past, but now abandoned"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/23px-FIAV_historical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/36px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/46px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> <span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IFIS_Mirror.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Reverse side is mirror image of obverse side"><img alt="Reverse side is mirror image of obverse side" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/IFIS_Mirror.svg/21px-IFIS_Mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/IFIS_Mirror.svg/32px-IFIS_Mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/IFIS_Mirror.svg/42px-IFIS_Mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="21" data-file-height="15" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Proportion</th><td class="infobox-data">2:3 (habitual)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Adopted</th><td class="infobox-data">1976<sup id="cite_ref-lightyear_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lightyear-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Design</th><td class="infobox-data">An interchangeable variant of the national flag with lighter shades</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <a href="/wiki/National_flag" title="National flag">national flag</a> of <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> (<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">drapeau national de la France</i></span>) is a <a href="/wiki/Tricolour_(flag)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tricolour (flag)">tricolour</a> featuring three vertical bands coloured blue (<a href="/wiki/Flag_terminology#Description_of_standard_flag_parts_and_terms" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag terminology">hoist side</a>), white, and red. The design was adopted after the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a>, whose revolutionaries were influenced by the horizontally striped red-white-blue <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Netherlands" title="Flag of the Netherlands">flag of the Netherlands</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While not the first tricolour, it became one of the most influential flags in history. The tricolour scheme was later adopted by many other nations in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> and elsewhere, and, according to the <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> has historically stood "in symbolic opposition to the <a href="/wiki/Autocracy" title="Autocracy">autocratic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ancien_R%C3%A9gime" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancien Régime">clericalist royal standards</a> of the past". </p><p>Before the tricolour was adopted the royal government used many flags, the best known being a blue shield and gold <a href="/wiki/Fleurs-de-lis" class="mw-redirect" title="Fleurs-de-lis">fleurs-de-lis</a> (the <a href="/wiki/National_emblem_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="National emblem of France">Royal Arms of France</a>) on a white background, or state flag. Early in the French Revolution, the Paris militia, which played a prominent role in the <a href="/wiki/Storming_of_the_Bastille" title="Storming of the Bastille">storming of the Bastille</a>, wore a <a href="/wiki/Cockade" title="Cockade">cockade</a> of blue and red,<sup id="cite_ref-ansa_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ansa-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the city's traditional colours. According to French general <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_du_Motier,_Marquis_de_Lafayette" title="Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette">Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette</a>, white was the "ancient French colour" and was added to the militia cockade to form a tricolour, or national, <a href="/wiki/Cockade_of_France" title="Cockade of France">cockade of France</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lafayette_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lafayette-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This cockade became part of the uniform of the <a href="/wiki/National_Guard_(France)" title="National Guard (France)">National Guard</a>, which succeeded the militia and was commanded by Lafayette.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The colours and design of the cockade are the basis of the Tricolour flag, adopted in 1790,<sup id="cite_ref-ilsole24_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ilsole24-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> originally with the red nearest to the flagpole and the blue farthest from it. A modified design by <a href="/wiki/Jacques-Louis_David" title="Jacques-Louis David">Jacques-Louis David</a> was adopted in 1794. The royal white flag was used during the <a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Restoration_in_France" title="Bourbon Restoration in France">Bourbon Restoration</a> from 1815 to 1830; the tricolour was brought back after the <a href="/wiki/July_Revolution" title="July Revolution">July Revolution</a> and has been used since then, except for an interruption for <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution_of_1848" title="French Revolution of 1848">a few days in 1848</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-secrep_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-secrep-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 1976, there have been two versions of the flag in varying levels of use by the state: the original (identifiable by its use of navy blue) and one with a lighter shade of blue. Since July 2020, France has used the older variant by default, including at the <a href="/wiki/%C3%89lys%C3%A9e_Palace" title="Élysée Palace">Élysée Palace</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-moreau_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moreau-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-blue_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blue-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design">Design</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_France&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Article 2 of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_France" title="Constitution of France">French constitution</a> of 1958 states that "the national emblem is the tricolour flag, blue, white, red".<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> No law has specified the shades of these official colours.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-drapeau_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drapeau-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In English <a href="/wiki/Blazon" title="Blazon">blazon</a>, the flag is described as <i>tierced in pale azure, argent and gules.</i> </p><p>The blue stripe has usually been a dark navy blue; a lighter blue (and slightly lighter red) version was introduced in 1976<sup id="cite_ref-lightyear_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lightyear-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by <a href="/wiki/President_of_France" title="President of France">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Val%C3%A9ry_Giscard_d%27Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing">Valéry Giscard d'Estaing</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-blue_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blue-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-drapeau_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drapeau-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both versions were used from then; town halls, public buildings and barracks usually fly the darker version of the flag, but the lighter version was sometimes used even on official State buildings.<sup id="cite_ref-moreau_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moreau-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 13 July 2020, President <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a> reverted,<sup id="cite_ref-moreau_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moreau-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> without any statement and with no orders for other institutions to use a specific version, to the darker hue for the presidential <a href="/wiki/%C3%89lys%C3%A9e_Palace" title="Élysée Palace">Élysée Palace</a>, as a symbol of the French Revolution.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The move was met with comments both in favour of and against the change, but it was noted that both the darker and lighter flags have been in use for decades.<sup id="cite_ref-blue_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blue-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_France_(colour_shade_comparison)_063712.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Flag_of_France_%28colour_shade_comparison%29_063712.svg/220px-Flag_of_France_%28colour_shade_comparison%29_063712.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Flag_of_France_%28colour_shade_comparison%29_063712.svg/330px-Flag_of_France_%28colour_shade_comparison%29_063712.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Flag_of_France_%28colour_shade_comparison%29_063712.svg/440px-Flag_of_France_%28colour_shade_comparison%29_063712.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>A comparison of the lighter and darker versions of the flag</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable" style="background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px solid #aaaaaa; border-collapse: collapse; white-space: nowrap; text-align: left" width="60%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" border="1"> <tbody><tr style="text-align: center; background: #eee"> <th>Authority </th> <th>Scheme </th> <th style="background:#0055A4; color:white" title="#0055A4">Blue </th> <th style="background:#FFFFFF" title="#FFF">White </th> <th style="background:#EF4135; color:white" title="#EF4135">Red </th></tr> <tr> <td>Ministry of Defense<sup id="cite_ref-milcolours_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-milcolours-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-navycolors_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-navycolors-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/AFNOR" title="AFNOR">AFNOR</a><br />NFX 08002 </td> <td>A 503 </td> <td>A 665 </td> <td>An 805 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4">Embassy to Germany<br />(lighter colours)<sup id="cite_ref-colors_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-colors-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pantone" title="Pantone">Pantone</a> </td> <td>Reflex blue </td> <td>Safe </td> <td>Red 032 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/CMYK_color_model" title="CMYK color model">CMYK</a> </td> <td>100.80.0.0 </td> <td>0.0.0.0 </td> <td>0.100.100.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/RGB_color_model" title="RGB color model">RGB</a> </td> <td>(0,85,164) </td> <td>(255,255,255) </td> <td>(239,65,53) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hex_color" class="mw-redirect" title="Hex color">HEX</a> </td> <td>#0055A4 </td> <td>#FFFFFF </td> <td>#EF4135 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Currently, the flag is one and a half times wider than its height (i.e. in the proportion 2:3) and, except in the <a href="/wiki/French_Navy" title="French Navy">French Navy</a>, has stripes of equal width. Initially, the three stripes of the flag were not equally wide, being in the proportions 30 (blue), 33 (white) and 37 (red). Under <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_I_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon I of France">Napoleon I</a>, the proportions were changed to make the stripes' width equal, but by a regulation dated 17 May 1853, the navy went back to using the 30:33:37 proportions, which it now continues to use, as the flapping of the flag makes portions farther from the <a href="/wiki/Halyard" title="Halyard">halyard</a> seem smaller. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Drapeau_France_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Drapeau_France_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision.svg/220px-Drapeau_France_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Drapeau_France_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision.svg/330px-Drapeau_France_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Drapeau_France_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision.svg/440px-Drapeau_France_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>Flag used as a photographic backdrop</figcaption></figure> <p>When the French president or prime minister is expected to be photographed at an official or televised event, a flag with a much narrower white stripe is often used as a backdrop to ensure that all three stripes are visible when the cameras are focused on them, as using a flag with equal stripes might show only the white stripe in frame.<sup id="cite_ref-LObs1_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LObs1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Symbolism">Symbolism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_France&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Symbolism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Blue and red are the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Paris" title="Flag of Paris">traditional colours</a> of Paris, used on the <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Paris" title="Coat of arms of Paris">city's coat of arms</a>. Blue is identified with <a href="/wiki/Martin_of_Tours" title="Martin of Tours">Saint Martin</a>, red with <a href="/wiki/Saint_Denis_of_Paris" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Denis of Paris">Saint Denis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the <a href="/wiki/Storming_of_the_Bastille" title="Storming of the Bastille">storming of the Bastille</a> in 1789, the Paris militia wore blue and red cockades on their hats. White had long featured prominently on French flags and is described as the "ancient French colour" by Lafayette.<sup id="cite_ref-Lafayette_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lafayette-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> White was added to the "revolutionary" colours of the militia cockade to "nationalise" the design, thus forming the <a href="/wiki/Cockade_of_France" title="Cockade of France">cockade of France</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lafayette_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lafayette-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although Lafayette identified the white stripe with the nation, other accounts identify it with the monarchy.<sup id="cite_ref-elysee_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-elysee-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lafayette denied that the flag contains any reference to the red-and-white livery of the <a href="/wiki/Duc_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" class="mw-redirect" title="Duc d'Orléans">Duc d'Orléans</a>. Despite this, Orléanists adopted the tricolour as their own. </p><p>Blue and red are associated with the Virgin Mary, the patroness of France, and were the colours of the <a href="/wiki/Oriflamme" title="Oriflamme">oriflamme</a>. The colours of the French flag may also represent the three main <a href="/wiki/Estates_of_the_realm" title="Estates of the realm">estates</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ancien_R%C3%A9gime" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancien Régime">Ancien Régime</a> (the clergy: white, the <a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">nobility</a>: red and the <a href="/wiki/Bourgeoisie" title="Bourgeoisie">bourgeoisie</a>: blue). Blue, as the symbol of class, comes first and red, representing the nobility, comes last. Both extreme colours are situated on each side of white referring to a superior order.<sup id="cite_ref-flagsymbols_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-flagsymbols-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brandenburg_Gate_in_French_flag_colours_after_Paris_attack_(23028317551).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Brandenburg_Gate_in_French_flag_colours_after_Paris_attack_%2823028317551%29.jpg/220px-Brandenburg_Gate_in_French_flag_colours_after_Paris_attack_%2823028317551%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Brandenburg_Gate_in_French_flag_colours_after_Paris_attack_%2823028317551%29.jpg/330px-Brandenburg_Gate_in_French_flag_colours_after_Paris_attack_%2823028317551%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Brandenburg_Gate_in_French_flag_colours_after_Paris_attack_%2823028317551%29.jpg/440px-Brandenburg_Gate_in_French_flag_colours_after_Paris_attack_%2823028317551%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7360" data-file-height="4912" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Brandenburg_Gate" title="Brandenburg Gate">Brandenburg Gate</a> in Berlin was one of many world landmarks illuminated in the French flag colours after the <a href="/wiki/November_2015_Paris_attacks" title="November 2015 Paris attacks">November 2015 Paris attacks</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Cockade_of_France" title="Cockade of France">cockade of France</a> was adopted in July 1789, a moment of national unity that soon faded. Royalists began wearing white cockades and flying white flags, while the <a href="/wiki/Jacobin_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacobin Club">Jacobins</a>, and later the Socialists, flew the <a href="/wiki/Red_flag_(politics)" title="Red flag (politics)">red flag</a>. The tricolour, which combines royalist white with republican red, came to be seen as a symbol of moderation and of a nationalism that transcended factionalism. </p><p>The French government website states that the white field was the colour of the king, while blue and red were the colours of Paris. </p><p>The three colours are occasionally taken to represent the three elements of the revolutionary motto, <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">liberté</i></span> (freedom: blue), <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">égalité</i></span> (equality: white), <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">fraternité</i></span> (brotherhood: red); this symbolism was referenced in <a href="/wiki/Three_Colours_trilogy" title="Three Colours trilogy">Krzysztof Kieślowski's three colours film trilogy</a>, for example. </p><p>In the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/November_2015_Paris_attacks" title="November 2015 Paris attacks">November 2015 Paris attacks</a>, many famous landmarks and stadiums around the world were illuminated in the flag colours to honour the victims. </p> <div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_France&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kingdom_of_France">Kingdom of France</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_France&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Kingdom of France"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_France#History" title="Coat of arms of France">Coat of arms of France § History</a></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Middle_Ages"></span><span class="anchor" id="Bourbon_flag"></span> During the early <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Oriflamme" title="Oriflamme">oriflamme</a>, the flag of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Denis_of_Paris" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Denis of Paris">Saint Denis</a>, was used—red, with two, three, or five spikes. Originally, it was the royal banner under the <a href="/wiki/Capetian_dynasty" title="Capetian dynasty">Capetians</a>. It was stored in Saint-Denis abbey, where it was taken when war broke out. French kings went forth into battle preceded either by Saint Martin's red cape, which was supposed to protect the monarch, or by the red banner of Saint Denis. </p><p>Later during the Middle Ages, these colours came to be associated with the reigning house of France. In 1328, the coat-of-arms of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Valois" title="House of Valois">House of Valois</a> was blue with gold <a href="/wiki/Fleurs-de-lis" class="mw-redirect" title="Fleurs-de-lis">fleurs-de-lis</a> bordered in red. From this time on, the kings of France were represented in vignettes and manuscripts wearing a red gown under a blue coat decorated with gold fleurs-de-lis. <a href="/wiki/Charles_V_of_France" title="Charles V of France">Charles V of France</a> changed the design from an all-over scattering of fleurs-de-lis to a group of three in about 1376; these two coats are known in heraldic terminology as <i>France Ancient</i> and <i>France Modern</i>, respectively. </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Hundred_Years%27_War" title="Hundred Years' War">Hundred Years' War</a>, England was recognised by a red cross; <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Burgundy" title="Duchy of Burgundy">Burgundy</a>, a red <a href="/wiki/Saltire" title="Saltire">saltire</a>; and France, a white cross. This cross could figure either on a blue or a red field. The blue field eventually became the common standard for French armies. The French regiments were later assigned the white cross as standard, with their proper colours in the cantons. The French flag of a white cross on a blue field is still seen on some flags derived from it, such as that of <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Quebec" title="Flag of Quebec">Quebec</a>. </p><p>The flag of <a href="/wiki/Joan_of_Arc" title="Joan of Arc">Joan of Arc</a> during the Hundred Years' War is described in her own words, "I had a banner of which the field was sprinkled with lilies; the world was painted there, with an angel at each side; it was white of the white cloth called '<a href="/wiki/Buckram" title="Buckram">boccassin</a>'; there was written above it, I believe, 'JHESUS MARIA'; it was fringed with silk."<sup id="cite_ref-Whitney_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whitney-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Joan's standard led to the prominent use of white on later French flags.<sup id="cite_ref-Whitney_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whitney-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From the accession of the Bourbons to the throne of France, the green ensign of the navy became a plain white flag, the symbol of purity and royal authority. The merchant navy was assigned "the old flag of the nation of France", the white cross on a blue field.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There also was a red jack for the French galleys. A variant of the plain white Bourbon banner, a white field strewn with gold fleur de lis, was also sometimes seen. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-nolines" style="max-width: 1112px;background:lightgray; padding:15px; text-align:left"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Oriflamme.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Oriflamme, the banner of the Capetians"><img alt="The Oriflamme, the banner of the Capetians" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Oriflamme.svg/24px-Oriflamme.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Oriflamme.svg/36px-Oriflamme.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Oriflamme.svg/48px-Oriflamme.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Oriflamme" title="Oriflamme">Oriflamme</a>, the banner of the Capetians</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_France_(XII-XIII).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of France under the Capetian dynasty since the twelfth century"><img alt="Flag of France under the Capetian dynasty since the twelfth century" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_France_%28XII-XIII%29.svg/120px-Flag_of_France_%28XII-XIII%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_France_%28XII-XIII%29.svg/180px-Flag_of_France_%28XII-XIII%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_France_%28XII-XIII%29.svg/240px-Flag_of_France_%28XII-XIII%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_historical.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Design used in the past, but now abandoned"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/23px-FIAV_historical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/36px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/46px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> Flag of France under the Capetian dynasty since the twelfth century</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_France_(XIV-XVI).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of France under the Capetian dynasty since the fourteenth century"><img alt="Flag of France under the Capetian dynasty since the fourteenth century" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_France_%28XIV-XVI%29.svg/120px-Flag_of_France_%28XIV-XVI%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_France_%28XIV-XVI%29.svg/180px-Flag_of_France_%28XIV-XVI%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_France_%28XIV-XVI%29.svg/240px-Flag_of_France_%28XIV-XVI%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_historical.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Design used in the past, but now abandoned"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/23px-FIAV_historical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/36px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/46px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> Flag of France under the Capetian dynasty since the fourteenth century</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_flag_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Royal Banner of France[25] or "Bourbon Flag". The House of Bourbon ruled France from 1589 to 1792 and again from 1815 to 1848."><img alt="The Royal Banner of France[25] or "Bourbon Flag". The House of Bourbon ruled France from 1589 to 1792 and again from 1815 to 1848." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Royal_flag_of_France.svg/130px-Royal_flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Royal_flag_of_France.svg/195px-Royal_flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Royal_flag_of_France.svg/260px-Royal_flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_historical.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Design used in the past, but now abandoned"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/23px-FIAV_historical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/36px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/46px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> The Royal Banner of France<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or "Bourbon Flag". The <a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">House of Bourbon</a> ruled France from 1589 to 1792 and again from 1815 to 1848.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Royal Standard of France (1643 design)"><img alt="The Royal Standard of France (1643 design)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/130px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/195px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/260px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_historical.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Design used in the past, but now abandoned"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/23px-FIAV_historical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/36px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/46px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> The Royal Standard of France <span class="nowrap">(1643 design)</span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pavillon_royal_de_France.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Variant royal standard of France (1643 design)"><img alt="Variant royal standard of France (1643 design)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Pavillon_royal_de_France.svg/130px-Pavillon_royal_de_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Pavillon_royal_de_France.svg/195px-Pavillon_royal_de_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Pavillon_royal_de_France.svg/260px-Pavillon_royal_de_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_historical.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Design used in the past, but now abandoned"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/23px-FIAV_historical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/36px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/46px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> <span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_variant.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Design is an acceptable variant"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/FIAV_variant.svg/23px-FIAV_variant.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/FIAV_variant.svg/36px-FIAV_variant.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/FIAV_variant.svg/46px-FIAV_variant.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> Variant royal standard of France <span class="nowrap">(1643 design)</span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Standard_of_King_Louis_XIV.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Variant royal standard of France (1643 design)"><img alt="Variant royal standard of France (1643 design)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Royal_Standard_of_King_Louis_XIV.svg/130px-Royal_Standard_of_King_Louis_XIV.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Royal_Standard_of_King_Louis_XIV.svg/195px-Royal_Standard_of_King_Louis_XIV.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Royal_Standard_of_King_Louis_XIV.svg/260px-Royal_Standard_of_King_Louis_XIV.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_historical.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Design used in the past, but now abandoned"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/23px-FIAV_historical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/36px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/46px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> <span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_variant.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Design is an acceptable variant"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/FIAV_variant.svg/23px-FIAV_variant.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/FIAV_variant.svg/36px-FIAV_variant.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/FIAV_variant.svg/46px-FIAV_variant.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> Variant royal standard of France <span class="nowrap">(1643 design)</span></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Tricolore">The <i>Tricolore</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_France&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: The Tricolore"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/The_national_flag_of_France_%26_Arch_of_Triumph.ogv/220px--The_national_flag_of_France_%26_Arch_of_Triumph.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="8" data-mwtitle="The_national_flag_of_France_&_Arch_of_Triumph.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:The_national_flag_of_France_%26_Arch_of_Triumph.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9d/The_national_flag_of_France_%26_Arch_of_Triumph.ogv/The_national_flag_of_France_%26_Arch_of_Triumph.ogv.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9d/The_national_flag_of_France_%26_Arch_of_Triumph.ogv/The_national_flag_of_France_%26_Arch_of_Triumph.ogv.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9d/The_national_flag_of_France_%26_Arch_of_Triumph.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9d/The_national_flag_of_France_%26_Arch_of_Triumph.ogv/The_national_flag_of_France_%26_Arch_of_Triumph.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9d/The_national_flag_of_France_%26_Arch_of_Triumph.ogv/The_national_flag_of_France_%26_Arch_of_Triumph.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9d/The_national_flag_of_France_%26_Arch_of_Triumph.ogv/The_national_flag_of_France_%26_Arch_of_Triumph.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9d/The_national_flag_of_France_%26_Arch_of_Triumph.ogv/The_national_flag_of_France_%26_Arch_of_Triumph.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>The national flag of France at the <a href="/wiki/Arc_de_Triomphe" title="Arc de Triomphe">Arc de Triomphe</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lar7_cogniet_001z.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Lar7_cogniet_001z.jpg/220px-Lar7_cogniet_001z.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Lar7_cogniet_001z.jpg/330px-Lar7_cogniet_001z.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Lar7_cogniet_001z.jpg/440px-Lar7_cogniet_001z.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1253" /></a><figcaption>The white flag of the monarchy transformed into the Tricolore as a result of the <a href="/wiki/July_Revolution" title="July Revolution">July Revolution</a>. Painting by <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Cogniet" title="Léon Cogniet">Léon Cogniet</a> (1830)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Philippoteaux_-_Lamartine_in_front_of_the_Town_Hall_of_Paris_rejects_the_red_flag.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Philippoteaux_-_Lamartine_in_front_of_the_Town_Hall_of_Paris_rejects_the_red_flag.jpg/220px-Philippoteaux_-_Lamartine_in_front_of_the_Town_Hall_of_Paris_rejects_the_red_flag.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Philippoteaux_-_Lamartine_in_front_of_the_Town_Hall_of_Paris_rejects_the_red_flag.jpg/330px-Philippoteaux_-_Lamartine_in_front_of_the_Town_Hall_of_Paris_rejects_the_red_flag.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Philippoteaux_-_Lamartine_in_front_of_the_Town_Hall_of_Paris_rejects_the_red_flag.jpg/440px-Philippoteaux_-_Lamartine_in_front_of_the_Town_Hall_of_Paris_rejects_the_red_flag.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5619" data-file-height="2900" /></a><figcaption><i>Lamartine, before the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_Ville,_Paris" title="Hôtel de Ville, Paris">Hôtel de Ville, Paris</a></i></span>, rejects the Red Flag, 25 February 1848</i>. By <a href="/wiki/Henri_Felix_Emmanuel_Philippoteaux" class="mw-redirect" title="Henri Felix Emmanuel Philippoteaux">Henri Felix Emmanuel Philippoteaux</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The horizontally striped red-white-blue <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Netherlands" title="Flag of the Netherlands">flag of the Netherlands</a> originally inspired the colour scheme used by the French revolutionaries after the French Revolution in 1789.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Consequently, the French tricolour flag is derived from the <a href="/wiki/Cockade_of_France" title="Cockade of France">cockade of France</a> used during the French Revolution. These were circular rosette-like emblems attached to the hat. <a href="/wiki/Camille_Desmoulins" title="Camille Desmoulins">Camille Desmoulins</a> asked his followers to wear green cockades on 12 July 1789. The Paris militia, formed on 13 July, adopted a blue and red cockade. Blue and red are the traditional colours of Paris, and they are used on the <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Paris" title="Coat of arms of Paris">city's coat of arms</a>. The addition of white has been attributed to Lafayette, Mayor Jean Sylvain Bailly, and even <a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI" title="Louis XVI">Louis XVI</a> himself.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This episode is supposed to have taken place on July 17, 1789, on the occasion of the king's visit to the Paris city hall. However, it is proven that the tricolor cockade began to be worn, by order of the city, from the 13th or 14th of July.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In any case, Louis XVI actually went to the Paris city hall where he received the tricolor cockade. On 27 July, a tricolour cockade was adopted as part of the uniform of the National Guard, the national police force that succeeded the militia.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A <i>drapeau tricolore</i> with vertical red, white and blue stripes was approved by the <a href="/wiki/National_Constituent_Assembly_(France)" title="National Constituent Assembly (France)">Constituent Assembly</a> on 24 October 1790. Simplified designs were used to illustrate how the revolution had broken with the past. The order was reversed to blue-white-red, the current design, by a resolution passed on 15 February 1794. </p><p>When the <a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Restoration_in_France" title="Bourbon Restoration in France">Bourbon dynasty</a> was restored following the defeat of <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a> in 1815, the <i>tricolore</i>—with its revolutionary connotations—was replaced by a white flag, the pre-revolutionary naval flag. However, following the <a href="/wiki/July_Revolution" title="July Revolution">July Revolution</a> of 1830, the "citizen-king", <a href="/wiki/Louis-Philippe_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis-Philippe of France">Louis-Philippe</a>, restored the <i>tricolore</i>, and it has remained France's national flag since that time. </p><p>Following the overthrow of <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_III" title="Napoleon III">Napoleon III</a>, voters elected a royalist majority to the National Assembly of the new <a href="/wiki/Third_French_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Third French Republic">Third Republic</a>. This parliament then offered the throne to the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">Bourbon</a> pretender, <a href="/wiki/Henri,_Comte_de_Chambord" class="mw-redirect" title="Henri, Comte de Chambord">Henri, Comte de Chambord</a>. However, he insisted that he would accept the throne only on the condition that the tricolour be replaced by the white flag.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the tricolour had become a cherished national symbol, this demand proved impossible to accommodate. Plans to restore the monarchy were adjourned and ultimately dropped, and France has remained a republic, with the tricolour flag, ever since. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy régime</a>, which dropped the word "republic" in favour of "the French state", maintained the use of the <i>tricolore</i>, but <a href="/wiki/Philippe_P%C3%A9tain" title="Philippe Pétain">Philippe Pétain</a> used as his personal standard a version of the flag with, in the white stripe, an axe made with a star-studded marshal's <a href="/wiki/Baton_(military)" title="Baton (military)">baton</a>. This axe is called the "Francisque" in reference to the ancient <a href="/wiki/Francisca" title="Francisca">Frankish throwing axe</a>. During this same period, the <a href="/wiki/Free_France" title="Free France">Free French Forces</a> used a <i>tricolore</i> with, in the white stripe, a red <a href="/wiki/Cross_of_Lorraine" title="Cross of Lorraine">Cross of Lorraine</a>. </p><p>The constitutions of 1946 and 1958 instituted the "blue, white, and red" flag as the national emblem of the Republic. </p><p>The colours of the national flag are occasionally said to represent different flowers; blue represents <a href="/wiki/Cornflower" class="mw-redirect" title="Cornflower">cornflowers</a>, white represents <a href="/wiki/Leucanthemum_vulgare" title="Leucanthemum vulgare">marguerites</a>, and red represents <a href="/wiki/Poppy" title="Poppy">poppies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-nolines" style="max-width: 1112px;background:lightgray; padding:15px; text-align:left"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Paris.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="The flag of Paris, source of the tricolour's blue and red stripes"><img alt="The flag of Paris, source of the tricolour's blue and red stripes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Paris.svg/120px-Flag_of_Paris.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Paris.svg/180px-Flag_of_Paris.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Paris.svg/240px-Flag_of_Paris.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Paris" title="Flag of Paris">flag of Paris</a>, source of the tricolour's blue and red stripes</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tricolour_Cockade.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="The cockade of France, designed in July 1789. White was added to "nationalise" an earlier blue and red design."><img alt="The cockade of France, designed in July 1789. White was added to "nationalise" an earlier blue and red design." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Tricolour_Cockade.svg/120px-Tricolour_Cockade.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Tricolour_Cockade.svg/180px-Tricolour_Cockade.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Tricolour_Cockade.svg/240px-Tricolour_Cockade.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="722" data-file-height="722" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Cockade_of_France" title="Cockade of France">cockade of France</a>, designed in July 1789. White was added to "nationalise" an earlier blue and red design.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_France_(1790%E2%80%931794).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="The flag of France used from 1790 until 1794"><img alt="The flag of France used from 1790 until 1794" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_France_%281790%E2%80%931794%29.svg/130px-Flag_of_France_%281790%E2%80%931794%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_France_%281790%E2%80%931794%29.svg/195px-Flag_of_France_%281790%E2%80%931794%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_France_%281790%E2%80%931794%29.svg/260px-Flag_of_France_%281790%E2%80%931794%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_historical.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Design used in the past, but now abandoned"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/23px-FIAV_historical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/36px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/46px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> The flag of France used from 1790 until 1794</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="The flag of France used from 1794 (interrupted in 1815–1830 and in 1848)"><img alt="The flag of France used from 1794 (interrupted in 1815–1830 and in 1848)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/130px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/195px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/260px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The flag of France used from 1794 (interrupted in 1815–1830 and in 1848)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Drapeau_france_1848.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="The French Second Republic adopted a variant of the tricolour for a few days between 24 February and 5 March 1848.[8]"><img alt="The French Second Republic adopted a variant of the tricolour for a few days between 24 February and 5 March 1848.[8]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Drapeau_france_1848.svg/130px-Drapeau_france_1848.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Drapeau_france_1848.svg/195px-Drapeau_france_1848.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Drapeau_france_1848.svg/260px-Drapeau_france_1848.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_historical.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Design used in the past, but now abandoned"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/23px-FIAV_historical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/36px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/46px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> The <a href="/wiki/French_Second_Republic" title="French Second Republic">French Second Republic</a> adopted a variant of the tricolour for a few days between 24 February and 5 March 1848.<sup id="cite_ref-secrep_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-secrep-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Henri_d%27Artois%27_Flag_of_France_(proposed).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="The French tricolore with the royal crown and fleur-de-lys was possibly designed by the Henri, Count of Chambord, in his younger years as a compromise, but which was never made official, and which he himself rejected when offered the throne in 1870.[31]"><img alt="The French tricolore with the royal crown and fleur-de-lys was possibly designed by the Henri, Count of Chambord, in his younger years as a compromise, but which was never made official, and which he himself rejected when offered the throne in 1870.[31]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Henri_d%27Artois%27_Flag_of_France_%28proposed%29.svg/130px-Henri_d%27Artois%27_Flag_of_France_%28proposed%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Henri_d%27Artois%27_Flag_of_France_%28proposed%29.svg/195px-Henri_d%27Artois%27_Flag_of_France_%28proposed%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Henri_d%27Artois%27_Flag_of_France_%28proposed%29.svg/260px-Henri_d%27Artois%27_Flag_of_France_%28proposed%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_proposal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Design was proposed in the past, but never officially adopted"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/FIAV_proposal.svg/23px-FIAV_proposal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/FIAV_proposal.svg/36px-FIAV_proposal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/FIAV_proposal.svg/46px-FIAV_proposal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> The French <i>tricolore</i> with the royal crown and fleur-de-lys was possibly designed by the <a href="/wiki/Henri,_Count_of_Chambord" title="Henri, Count of Chambord">Henri, Count of Chambord</a>, in his younger years as a compromise, but which was never made official, and which he himself rejected when offered the throne in 1870.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Roundel_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="From 1912 onwards, the French Air Force originated the use of roundels on military aircraft shortly before World War I. Similar national cockades, with different ordering of colours, were later adopted as aircraft roundels by their allies.[32]"><img alt="From 1912 onwards, the French Air Force originated the use of roundels on military aircraft shortly before World War I. Similar national cockades, with different ordering of colours, were later adopted as aircraft roundels by their allies.[32]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Roundel_of_France.svg/120px-Roundel_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Roundel_of_France.svg/180px-Roundel_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Roundel_of_France.svg/240px-Roundel_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="602" data-file-height="602" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">From 1912 onwards, the <a href="/wiki/French_Air_and_Space_Force" title="French Air and Space Force">French Air Force</a> originated the use of <a href="/wiki/Roundel" title="Roundel">roundels</a> on military aircraft shortly before <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. Similar national cockades, with different ordering of colours, were later adopted as aircraft roundels by their allies.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Philippe_P%C3%A9tain,_Chief_of_State_of_Vichy_France.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Personal standard of Philippe Pétain, as Chief of the Vichy France."><img alt="Personal standard of Philippe Pétain, as Chief of the Vichy France." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Flag_of_Philippe_P%C3%A9tain%2C_Chief_of_State_of_Vichy_France.svg/130px-Flag_of_Philippe_P%C3%A9tain%2C_Chief_of_State_of_Vichy_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Flag_of_Philippe_P%C3%A9tain%2C_Chief_of_State_of_Vichy_France.svg/195px-Flag_of_Philippe_P%C3%A9tain%2C_Chief_of_State_of_Vichy_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Flag_of_Philippe_P%C3%A9tain%2C_Chief_of_State_of_Vichy_France.svg/260px-Flag_of_Philippe_P%C3%A9tain%2C_Chief_of_State_of_Vichy_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_historical.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Design used in the past, but now abandoned"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/23px-FIAV_historical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/36px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/46px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> Personal standard of <a href="/wiki/Philippe_P%C3%A9tain" title="Philippe Pétain">Philippe Pétain</a>, as Chief of the <a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy France</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Free_France_(1940-1944).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag used by the Free French Forces during World War II; in the centre is the Cross of Lorraine; later, the personal standard of President Charles de Gaulle, as Chief of the Free France."><img alt="Flag used by the Free French Forces during World War II; in the centre is the Cross of Lorraine; later, the personal standard of President Charles de Gaulle, as Chief of the Free France." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Flag_of_Free_France_%281940-1944%29.svg/130px-Flag_of_Free_France_%281940-1944%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Flag_of_Free_France_%281940-1944%29.svg/195px-Flag_of_Free_France_%281940-1944%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Flag_of_Free_France_%281940-1944%29.svg/260px-Flag_of_Free_France_%281940-1944%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_historical.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Design used in the past, but now abandoned"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/23px-FIAV_historical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/36px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/46px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> Flag used by the <a href="/wiki/Free_French_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Free French Forces">Free French Forces</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>; in the centre is the <a href="/wiki/Cross_of_Lorraine" title="Cross of Lorraine">Cross of Lorraine</a>; later, the personal standard of President <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a>, as Chief of the <a href="/wiki/Free_France" title="Free France">Free France</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="The flag of France, darker red and blue variant."><img alt="The flag of France, darker red and blue variant." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/130px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/195px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/260px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The flag of France, darker red and blue variant.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_France_(1976%E2%80%932020).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="The flag of France, lighter red and blue variant."><img alt="The flag of France, lighter red and blue variant." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_France_%281976%E2%80%932020%29.svg/130px-Flag_of_France_%281976%E2%80%932020%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_France_%281976%E2%80%932020%29.svg/195px-Flag_of_France_%281976%E2%80%932020%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_France_%281976%E2%80%932020%29.svg/260px-Flag_of_France_%281976%E2%80%932020%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The flag of France, lighter red and blue variant.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Regimental_flags">Regimental flags</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_France&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Regimental flags"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed" style="background:lightgray; padding:15px; text-align:left"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 144px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 142px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vigiles_du_roi_Charles_VII_32.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The French soldiers started to use white crosses, during the Hundred Years' War, to distinguish themselves from the English soldiers wearing red crosses."><img alt="The French soldiers started to use white crosses, during the Hundred Years' War, to distinguish themselves from the English soldiers wearing red crosses." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Vigiles_du_roi_Charles_VII_32.jpg/213px-Vigiles_du_roi_Charles_VII_32.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Vigiles_du_roi_Charles_VII_32.jpg/320px-Vigiles_du_roi_Charles_VII_32.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Vigiles_du_roi_Charles_VII_32.jpg/426px-Vigiles_du_roi_Charles_VII_32.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1871" data-file-height="1581" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The French soldiers started to use white crosses, during the <a href="/wiki/Hundred_Years%27_War" title="Hundred Years' War">Hundred Years' War</a>, to distinguish themselves from the English soldiers wearing red crosses.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 98.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 96.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:R%C3%A9g_d_Auvergne_1635.png" class="mw-file-description" title="A white-crossed regimental flag during the Ancien Régime (here, Régiment d'Auvergne)"><img alt="A white-crossed regimental flag during the Ancien Régime (here, Régiment d'Auvergne)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/R%C3%A9g_d_Auvergne_1635.png/145px-R%C3%A9g_d_Auvergne_1635.png" decoding="async" width="97" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/R%C3%A9g_d_Auvergne_1635.png/217px-R%C3%A9g_d_Auvergne_1635.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/R%C3%A9g_d_Auvergne_1635.png/290px-R%C3%A9g_d_Auvergne_1635.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="932" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A white-crossed regimental flag during the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Ancien_R%C3%A9gime" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancien Régime">Ancien Régime</a></i></span> (here, <i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Régiment d'<a href="/wiki/Auvergne_(province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Auvergne (province)">Auvergne</a></i></span></i>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 98.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 96.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:R%C3%A9g_de_La_Sarre_1685.png" class="mw-file-description" title="La Sarre Regiment (Régiment de la Sarre)"><img alt="La Sarre Regiment (Régiment de la Sarre)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/R%C3%A9g_de_La_Sarre_1685.png/145px-R%C3%A9g_de_La_Sarre_1685.png" decoding="async" width="97" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/R%C3%A9g_de_La_Sarre_1685.png/218px-R%C3%A9g_de_La_Sarre_1685.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/R%C3%A9g_de_La_Sarre_1685.png/290px-R%C3%A9g_de_La_Sarre_1685.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="930" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">La Sarre</i></span> Regiment (<i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9giment_de_la_Sarre" class="mw-redirect" title="Régiment de la Sarre">Régiment de la Sarre</a></i></span></i>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 94.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 92.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:R%C3%A9g_du_Roi_1757.png" class="mw-file-description" title="King's Regiment (Régiment du Roi)"><img alt="King's Regiment (Régiment du Roi)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/R%C3%A9g_du_Roi_1757.png/139px-R%C3%A9g_du_Roi_1757.png" decoding="async" width="93" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/R%C3%A9g_du_Roi_1757.png/209px-R%C3%A9g_du_Roi_1757.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/R%C3%A9g_du_Roi_1757.png/279px-R%C3%A9g_du_Roi_1757.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="968" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">King's Regiment (<i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9giment_du_Roi" title="Régiment du Roi">Régiment du Roi</a></i></span></i>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 98.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 96.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:R%C3%A9g_de_La_Reine_1661.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Queen's Regiment (Régiment de la Reine)"><img alt="Queen's Regiment (Régiment de la Reine)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/R%C3%A9g_de_La_Reine_1661.png/145px-R%C3%A9g_de_La_Reine_1661.png" decoding="async" width="97" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/R%C3%A9g_de_La_Reine_1661.png/217px-R%C3%A9g_de_La_Reine_1661.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/R%C3%A9g_de_La_Reine_1661.png/290px-R%C3%A9g_de_La_Reine_1661.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="931" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Queen's Regiment (<i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9giment_de_la_Reine" class="mw-redirect" title="Régiment de la Reine">Régiment de la Reine</a></i></span></i>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Levis.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="General Lévis' Regiment Flag in North America. Now official flag of the city of Lévis, Quebec"><img alt="General Lévis' Regiment Flag in North America. Now official flag of the city of Lévis, Quebec" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Levis.svg/270px-Flag_of_Levis.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Levis.svg/405px-Flag_of_Levis.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Levis.svg/540px-Flag_of_Levis.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">General <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Gaston_de_L%C3%A9vis" title="François Gaston de Lévis">Lévis</a></i></span>' Regiment Flag in North America. Now official flag of the city of <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9vis,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Lévis, Quebec">Lévis, Quebec</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Franche_de_la_Marine1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The pre-revolutionary regimental flags inspired the flag of Quebec (here, the Compagnies Franches de la Marine)."><img alt="The pre-revolutionary regimental flags inspired the flag of Quebec (here, the Compagnies Franches de la Marine)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Franche_de_la_Marine1.jpg/240px-Franche_de_la_Marine1.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Franche_de_la_Marine1.jpg/360px-Franche_de_la_Marine1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Franche_de_la_Marine1.jpg/480px-Franche_de_la_Marine1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The pre-<a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">revolutionary</a> regimental flags inspired the flag of <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a> (here, the <i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Compagnies_Franches_de_la_Marine" class="mw-redirect" title="Compagnies Franches de la Marine">Compagnies Franches de la Marine</a></i></span></i>).</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 122px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Grenadier_Pied_1_1812_Revers.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Regimental flag of the 1st Regiment of Grenadiers of the French Imperial Guard (1812)"><img alt="Regimental flag of the 1st Regiment of Grenadiers of the French Imperial Guard (1812)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Grenadier_Pied_1_1812_Revers.png/180px-Grenadier_Pied_1_1812_Revers.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Grenadier_Pied_1_1812_Revers.png 1.5x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Regimental flag of the 1st Regiment of Grenadiers of the <a href="/wiki/French_Imperial_Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="French Imperial Guard">French Imperial Guard</a> (1812)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 82px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 80px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Drapeaux_1RE_et_2REI_Paris_2003.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Current regimental flags of the 1st and 2nd Regiments of the Légion étrangère"><img alt="Current regimental flags of the 1st and 2nd Regiments of the Légion étrangère" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Drapeaux_1RE_et_2REI_Paris_2003.jpg/120px-Drapeaux_1RE_et_2REI_Paris_2003.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Drapeaux_1RE_et_2REI_Paris_2003.jpg/180px-Drapeaux_1RE_et_2REI_Paris_2003.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Drapeaux_1RE_et_2REI_Paris_2003.jpg/240px-Drapeaux_1RE_et_2REI_Paris_2003.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="3072" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Current regimental flags of the 1st and 2nd Regiments of the <a href="/wiki/French_Foreign_Legion" title="French Foreign Legion">Légion étrangère</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Naval_flags">Naval flags</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_France&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Naval flags"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/French_ensigns" title="French ensigns">French ensigns</a></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-nolines" style="max-width: 973px;background:lightgray; padding:15px; text-align:left"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_France_(1814%E2%80%931830).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Naval ensign prior to 1789 and 1814–1830"><img alt="Naval ensign prior to 1789 and 1814–1830" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_France_%281814%E2%80%931830%29.svg/130px-Flag_of_France_%281814%E2%80%931830%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_France_%281814%E2%80%931830%29.svg/195px-Flag_of_France_%281814%E2%80%931830%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_France_%281814%E2%80%931830%29.svg/260px-Flag_of_France_%281814%E2%80%931830%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_historical.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Design used in the past, but now abandoned"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/23px-FIAV_historical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/36px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/46px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> Naval ensign prior to 1789 and 1814–1830</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Naval_Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_France_(Civil_Ensign).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="The merchant flag of France (1689 design)"><img alt="The merchant flag of France (1689 design)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Naval_Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_France_%28Civil_Ensign%29.svg/130px-Naval_Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_France_%28Civil_Ensign%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Naval_Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_France_%28Civil_Ensign%29.svg/195px-Naval_Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_France_%28Civil_Ensign%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Naval_Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_France_%28Civil_Ensign%29.svg/260px-Naval_Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_France_%28Civil_Ensign%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_historical.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Design used in the past, but now abandoned"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/23px-FIAV_historical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/36px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/46px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> The merchant flag of France <span class="nowrap">(1689 design)</span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ensign_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="The present ensign of France introduced on 17 May 1853"><img alt="The present ensign of France introduced on 17 May 1853" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Ensign_of_France.svg/130px-Ensign_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Ensign_of_France.svg/195px-Ensign_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Ensign_of_France.svg/260px-Ensign_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_000111.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="National ensign"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/FIAV_000111.svg/23px-FIAV_000111.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/FIAV_000111.svg/35px-FIAV_000111.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/FIAV_000111.svg/46px-FIAV_000111.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="210" /></a></span> <span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_normal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Normal or de jure version of flag, or obverse side"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FIAV_normal.svg/23px-FIAV_normal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FIAV_normal.svg/36px-FIAV_normal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FIAV_normal.svg/46px-FIAV_normal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> <span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IFIS_Mirror.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Reverse side is mirror image of obverse side"><img alt="Reverse side is mirror image of obverse side" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/IFIS_Mirror.svg/21px-IFIS_Mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/IFIS_Mirror.svg/32px-IFIS_Mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/IFIS_Mirror.svg/42px-IFIS_Mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="21" data-file-height="15" /></a></span> The present ensign of France introduced on 17 May 1853</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Colonial_flags">Colonial flags</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_France&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Colonial flags"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/French_colonial_flags" title="French colonial flags">French colonial flags</a> and <a href="/wiki/French_Colonial_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="French Colonial Empire">French Colonial Empire</a></div> <p>Most French colonies either used the regular tricolour or a regional flag without the French flag. There were some exceptions: </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-nolines" style="max-width: 1112px;background:lightgray; padding:15px; text-align:left"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Colonial_Annam.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Tonkin (French protectorate) and Annam in French Indochina"><img alt="Flag of Tonkin (French protectorate) and Annam in French Indochina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_Colonial_Annam.svg/130px-Flag_of_Colonial_Annam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_Colonial_Annam.svg/195px-Flag_of_Colonial_Annam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_Colonial_Annam.svg/260px-Flag_of_Colonial_Annam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_historical.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Design used in the past, but now abandoned"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/23px-FIAV_historical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/36px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/46px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> Flag of <a href="/wiki/Tonkin_(French_protectorate)" title="Tonkin (French protectorate)">Tonkin (French protectorate)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Annam_(French_protectorate)" title="Annam (French protectorate)">Annam</a> in <a href="/wiki/French_Indochina" title="French Indochina">French Indochina</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Laos_(1893%E2%80%931952).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Laos in French Indochina"><img alt="Flag of Laos in French Indochina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Flag_of_Laos_%281893%E2%80%931952%29.svg/130px-Flag_of_Laos_%281893%E2%80%931952%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Flag_of_Laos_%281893%E2%80%931952%29.svg/195px-Flag_of_Laos_%281893%E2%80%931952%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Flag_of_Laos_%281893%E2%80%931952%29.svg/260px-Flag_of_Laos_%281893%E2%80%931952%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_historical.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Design used in the past, but now abandoned"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/23px-FIAV_historical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/36px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/46px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> Flag of <a href="/wiki/French_Protectorate_of_Laos" class="mw-redirect" title="French Protectorate of Laos">Laos</a> in French Indochina</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Tai_Dam_People.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the Sip Song Chau Tai, French Indochina (1948–1955)"><img alt="Flag of the Sip Song Chau Tai, French Indochina (1948–1955)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Flag_of_the_Tai_Dam_People.svg/130px-Flag_of_the_Tai_Dam_People.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Flag_of_the_Tai_Dam_People.svg/195px-Flag_of_the_Tai_Dam_People.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Flag_of_the_Tai_Dam_People.svg/260px-Flag_of_the_Tai_Dam_People.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_historical.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Design used in the past, but now abandoned"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/23px-FIAV_historical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/36px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/46px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> Flag of the <a href="/wiki/Sip_Song_Chau_Tai" title="Sip Song Chau Tai">Sip Song Chau Tai</a>, French Indochina (1948–1955)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_French_Sudan_(1958%E2%80%931959).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of French Sudan (1958–1959), present-day Mali"><img alt="Flag of French Sudan (1958–1959), present-day Mali" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_French_Sudan_%281958%E2%80%931959%29.svg/130px-Flag_of_French_Sudan_%281958%E2%80%931959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_French_Sudan_%281958%E2%80%931959%29.svg/195px-Flag_of_French_Sudan_%281958%E2%80%931959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_French_Sudan_%281958%E2%80%931959%29.svg/260px-Flag_of_French_Sudan_%281958%E2%80%931959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_historical.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Design used in the past, but now abandoned"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/23px-FIAV_historical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/36px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/46px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> Flag of <a href="/wiki/French_Sudan" title="French Sudan">French Sudan</a> (1958–1959), present-day <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Togo_(1957%E2%80%931958).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of French Togoland (1916–1960), present-day Togo"><img alt="Flag of French Togoland (1916–1960), present-day Togo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Togo_%281957%E2%80%931958%29.svg/130px-Flag_of_Togo_%281957%E2%80%931958%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Togo_%281957%E2%80%931958%29.svg/195px-Flag_of_Togo_%281957%E2%80%931958%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Togo_%281957%E2%80%931958%29.svg/260px-Flag_of_Togo_%281957%E2%80%931958%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_historical.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Design used in the past, but now abandoned"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/23px-FIAV_historical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/36px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/46px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> Flag of <a href="/wiki/French_Togoland" title="French Togoland">French Togoland</a> (1916–1960), present-day <a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Gabon_(1959%E2%80%931960).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Gabon (1959–1960)"><img alt="Flag of Gabon (1959–1960)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Gabon_%281959%E2%80%931960%29.svg/130px-Flag_of_Gabon_%281959%E2%80%931960%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Gabon_%281959%E2%80%931960%29.svg/195px-Flag_of_Gabon_%281959%E2%80%931960%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Gabon_%281959%E2%80%931960%29.svg/260px-Flag_of_Gabon_%281959%E2%80%931960%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_historical.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Design used in the past, but now abandoned"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/23px-FIAV_historical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/36px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/46px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Gabon" title="Flag of Gabon">Flag of Gabon</a> (1959–1960)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Madagascar_Protectorate_(1885-1896).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Madagascar under French protection (1885–1895)"><img alt="Flag of Madagascar under French protection (1885–1895)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_the_Madagascar_Protectorate_%281885-1896%29.svg/130px-Flag_of_the_Madagascar_Protectorate_%281885-1896%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_the_Madagascar_Protectorate_%281885-1896%29.svg/195px-Flag_of_the_Madagascar_Protectorate_%281885-1896%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_the_Madagascar_Protectorate_%281885-1896%29.svg/260px-Flag_of_the_Madagascar_Protectorate_%281885-1896%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="325" data-file-height="218" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_historical.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Design used in the past, but now abandoned"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/23px-FIAV_historical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/36px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/46px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> Flag of <a href="/wiki/Malagasy_Protectorate" title="Malagasy Protectorate">Madagascar under French protection</a> (1885–1895)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Merchant_flag_of_French_Morocco.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Merchant flag of the French protectorate of Morocco (1912–1956)"><img alt="Merchant flag of the French protectorate of Morocco (1912–1956)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Merchant_flag_of_French_Morocco.svg/130px-Merchant_flag_of_French_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Merchant_flag_of_French_Morocco.svg/195px-Merchant_flag_of_French_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Merchant_flag_of_French_Morocco.svg/260px-Merchant_flag_of_French_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_historical.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Design used in the past, but now abandoned"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/23px-FIAV_historical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/36px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/46px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> Merchant flag of the <a href="/wiki/French_protectorate_in_Morocco" title="French protectorate in Morocco">French protectorate of Morocco</a> (1912–1956)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Tunisia_with_French_canton.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag used by some military units based in the French protectorate of Tunisia"><img alt="Flag used by some military units based in the French protectorate of Tunisia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Tunisia_with_French_canton.svg/130px-Flag_of_Tunisia_with_French_canton.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Tunisia_with_French_canton.svg/195px-Flag_of_Tunisia_with_French_canton.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Tunisia_with_French_canton.svg/260px-Flag_of_Tunisia_with_French_canton.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_historical.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Design used in the past, but now abandoned"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/23px-FIAV_historical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/36px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/46px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> Flag used by some military units based in the <a href="/wiki/French_protectorate_of_Tunisia" title="French protectorate of Tunisia">French protectorate of Tunisia</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_French_Mandate_of_Syria_(1920).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Briefly used flag of the French Mandate of Syria and the Lebanon in 1920"><img alt="Briefly used flag of the French Mandate of Syria and the Lebanon in 1920" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_French_Mandate_of_Syria_%281920%29.svg/130px-Flag_of_the_French_Mandate_of_Syria_%281920%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_French_Mandate_of_Syria_%281920%29.svg/195px-Flag_of_the_French_Mandate_of_Syria_%281920%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_French_Mandate_of_Syria_%281920%29.svg/260px-Flag_of_the_French_Mandate_of_Syria_%281920%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_historical.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Design used in the past, but now abandoned"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/23px-FIAV_historical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/36px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/46px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> Briefly used flag of the <a href="/wiki/French_Mandate_of_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="French Mandate of Syria">French Mandate of Syria and the Lebanon</a> in 1920</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_State_of_Aleppo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the State of Aleppo, in the French Mandate of Syria (1920–1924)"><img alt="Flag of the State of Aleppo, in the French Mandate of Syria (1920–1924)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Flag_of_the_State_of_Aleppo.svg/130px-Flag_of_the_State_of_Aleppo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Flag_of_the_State_of_Aleppo.svg/195px-Flag_of_the_State_of_Aleppo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Flag_of_the_State_of_Aleppo.svg/260px-Flag_of_the_State_of_Aleppo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_historical.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Design used in the past, but now abandoned"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/23px-FIAV_historical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/36px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/46px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> Flag of the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Aleppo" title="State of Aleppo">State of Aleppo</a>, in the French Mandate of Syria (1920–1924)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_State_of_Damascus.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the State of Damascus, in the French Mandate of Syria (1920–1924)"><img alt="Flag of the State of Damascus, in the French Mandate of Syria (1920–1924)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_the_State_of_Damascus.svg/130px-Flag_of_the_State_of_Damascus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_the_State_of_Damascus.svg/195px-Flag_of_the_State_of_Damascus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_the_State_of_Damascus.svg/260px-Flag_of_the_State_of_Damascus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_historical.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Design used in the past, but now abandoned"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/23px-FIAV_historical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/36px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/46px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> Flag of the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Damascus" title="State of Damascus">State of Damascus</a>, in the French Mandate of Syria (1920–1924)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Syria_French_mandate.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the State of Syria, in the French Mandate of Syria (1924–1930)"><img alt="Flag of the State of Syria, in the French Mandate of Syria (1924–1930)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Flag_of_Syria_French_mandate.svg/130px-Flag_of_Syria_French_mandate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Flag_of_Syria_French_mandate.svg/195px-Flag_of_Syria_French_mandate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Flag_of_Syria_French_mandate.svg/260px-Flag_of_Syria_French_mandate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_historical.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Design used in the past, but now abandoned"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/23px-FIAV_historical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/36px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/46px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> Flag of the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Syria_(1925%E2%80%931930)" title="State of Syria (1925–1930)">State of Syria</a>, in the French Mandate of Syria (1924–1930)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Alawite_State_(1920%E2%80%931936).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the State of Alawites, in the French Mandate of Syria"><img alt="Flag of the State of Alawites, in the French Mandate of Syria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_the_Alawite_State_%281920%E2%80%931936%29.svg/130px-Flag_of_the_Alawite_State_%281920%E2%80%931936%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_the_Alawite_State_%281920%E2%80%931936%29.svg/195px-Flag_of_the_Alawite_State_%281920%E2%80%931936%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_the_Alawite_State_%281920%E2%80%931936%29.svg/260px-Flag_of_the_Alawite_State_%281920%E2%80%931936%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="795" data-file-height="530" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_historical.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Design used in the past, but now abandoned"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/23px-FIAV_historical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/36px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/46px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> Flag of the <a href="/wiki/Alawite_State" title="Alawite State">State of Alawites</a>, in the French Mandate of Syria</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Jabal_ad-Druze_(state).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Jabal ad-Druze, in the French Mandate of Syria"><img alt="Flag of Jabal ad-Druze, in the French Mandate of Syria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Flag_of_Jabal_ad-Druze_%28state%29.svg/130px-Flag_of_Jabal_ad-Druze_%28state%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Flag_of_Jabal_ad-Druze_%28state%29.svg/195px-Flag_of_Jabal_ad-Druze_%28state%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Flag_of_Jabal_ad-Druze_%28state%29.svg/260px-Flag_of_Jabal_ad-Druze_%28state%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_historical.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Design used in the past, but now abandoned"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/23px-FIAV_historical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/36px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/46px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> Flag of <a href="/wiki/Jabal_ad-Druze_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jabal ad-Druze (state)">Jabal ad-Druze</a>, in the French Mandate of Syria</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Lebanon_during_French_Mandate_(1920-1943).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the State of Greater Lebanon during the French mandate 1920–1943"><img alt="Flag of the State of Greater Lebanon during the French mandate 1920–1943" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flag_of_Lebanon_during_French_Mandate_%281920-1943%29.svg/130px-Flag_of_Lebanon_during_French_Mandate_%281920-1943%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flag_of_Lebanon_during_French_Mandate_%281920-1943%29.svg/195px-Flag_of_Lebanon_during_French_Mandate_%281920-1943%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flag_of_Lebanon_during_French_Mandate_%281920-1943%29.svg/260px-Flag_of_Lebanon_during_French_Mandate_%281920-1943%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_historical.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Design used in the past, but now abandoned"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/23px-FIAV_historical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/36px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/46px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> Flag of the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Lebanon" title="Greater Lebanon">State of Greater Lebanon</a> during the French mandate 1920–1943</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Independent_Guyana_(1886-1887).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Republic of Independent Guyana (1886–1887)"><img alt="Flag of Republic of Independent Guyana (1886–1887)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Independent_Guyana_%281886-1887%29.svg/130px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Independent_Guyana_%281886-1887%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Independent_Guyana_%281886-1887%29.svg/195px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Independent_Guyana_%281886-1887%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Independent_Guyana_%281886-1887%29.svg/260px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Independent_Guyana_%281886-1887%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_historical.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Design used in the past, but now abandoned"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/23px-FIAV_historical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/36px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/46px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> Flag of <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Independent_Guyana" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Independent Guyana">Republic of Independent Guyana</a> (1886–1887)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy_(local).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Unofficial flag of Saint Barthélemy"><img alt="Unofficial flag of Saint Barthélemy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy_%28local%29.svg/130px-Flag_of_Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy_%28local%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy_%28local%29.svg/195px-Flag_of_Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy_%28local%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy_%28local%29.svg/260px-Flag_of_Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy_%28local%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_historical.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Design used in the past, but now abandoned"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/23px-FIAV_historical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/36px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/46px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> <span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_defacto.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="De facto version of flag"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/FIAV_defacto.svg/23px-FIAV_defacto.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/FIAV_defacto.svg/36px-FIAV_defacto.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/FIAV_defacto.svg/46px-FIAV_defacto.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> Unofficial flag of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy" title="Saint Barthélemy">Saint Barthélemy</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Franceville.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of New Hebrides (Vanuatu) under the Anglo-French Joint Naval Commission (1887–1906)"><img alt="Flag of New Hebrides (Vanuatu) under the Anglo-French Joint Naval Commission (1887–1906)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Franceville.svg/130px-Flag_of_Franceville.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Franceville.svg/195px-Flag_of_Franceville.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Franceville.svg/260px-Flag_of_Franceville.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_historical.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Design used in the past, but now abandoned"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/23px-FIAV_historical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/36px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/46px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> Flag of <a href="/wiki/New_Hebrides" title="New Hebrides">New Hebrides</a> (Vanuatu) under the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-French_Joint_Naval_Commission" title="Anglo-French Joint Naval Commission">Anglo-French Joint Naval Commission</a> (1887–1906)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Uvea_(1860).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the French Protectorate of Wallis and Futuna (Uvea) (1860–1886)"><img alt="Flag of the French Protectorate of Wallis and Futuna (Uvea) (1860–1886)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Flag_of_Uvea_%281860%29.svg/130px-Flag_of_Uvea_%281860%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Flag_of_Uvea_%281860%29.svg/195px-Flag_of_Uvea_%281860%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Flag_of_Uvea_%281860%29.svg/260px-Flag_of_Uvea_%281860%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_historical.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Design used in the past, but now abandoned"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/23px-FIAV_historical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/36px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/46px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> Flag of the French Protectorate of <a href="/wiki/Wallis_and_Futuna" title="Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a> (Uvea) (1860–1886)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Wallis_and_Futuna.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Present unofficial flag of Wallis and Futuna"><img alt="Present unofficial flag of Wallis and Futuna" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flag_of_Wallis_and_Futuna.svg/130px-Flag_of_Wallis_and_Futuna.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flag_of_Wallis_and_Futuna.svg/195px-Flag_of_Wallis_and_Futuna.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flag_of_Wallis_and_Futuna.svg/260px-Flag_of_Wallis_and_Futuna.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_defacto.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="De facto version of flag"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/FIAV_defacto.svg/23px-FIAV_defacto.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/FIAV_defacto.svg/36px-FIAV_defacto.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/FIAV_defacto.svg/46px-FIAV_defacto.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> Present unofficial flag of <a href="/wiki/Wallis_and_Futuna" title="Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Tahiti_Protectorate_1843-1880.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the Kingdom of Tahiti under the Protectorate of France (1845–1880)"><img alt="Flag of the Kingdom of Tahiti under the Protectorate of France (1845–1880)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Tahiti_Protectorate_1843-1880.svg/130px-Flag_of_the_Tahiti_Protectorate_1843-1880.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Tahiti_Protectorate_1843-1880.svg/195px-Flag_of_the_Tahiti_Protectorate_1843-1880.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Tahiti_Protectorate_1843-1880.svg/260px-Flag_of_the_Tahiti_Protectorate_1843-1880.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_historical.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Design used in the past, but now abandoned"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/23px-FIAV_historical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/36px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/46px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> Flag of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tahiti" title="Kingdom of Tahiti">Kingdom of Tahiti</a> under the Protectorate of France (1845–1880)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Drapeau_Protectorat_Fran%C3%A7ais_RuRutu_(1858-1889).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the French protectorate of Rurutu in French Polynesia (1858–1889)"><img alt="Flag of the French protectorate of Rurutu in French Polynesia (1858–1889)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Drapeau_Protectorat_Fran%C3%A7ais_RuRutu_%281858-1889%29.png/130px-Drapeau_Protectorat_Fran%C3%A7ais_RuRutu_%281858-1889%29.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Drapeau_Protectorat_Fran%C3%A7ais_RuRutu_%281858-1889%29.png/195px-Drapeau_Protectorat_Fran%C3%A7ais_RuRutu_%281858-1889%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Drapeau_Protectorat_Fran%C3%A7ais_RuRutu_%281858-1889%29.png/260px-Drapeau_Protectorat_Fran%C3%A7ais_RuRutu_%281858-1889%29.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1250" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_historical.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Design used in the past, but now abandoned"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/23px-FIAV_historical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/36px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/46px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> Flag of the French protectorate of Rurutu in <a href="/wiki/French_Polynesia" title="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a> (1858–1889)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_French_Polynesia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of French Polynesia"><img alt="Flag of French Polynesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_French_Polynesia.svg/130px-Flag_of_French_Polynesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_French_Polynesia.svg/195px-Flag_of_French_Polynesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_French_Polynesia.svg/260px-Flag_of_French_Polynesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_110000.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Civil and state flag"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/FIAV_110000.svg/23px-FIAV_110000.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/FIAV_110000.svg/35px-FIAV_110000.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/FIAV_110000.svg/46px-FIAV_110000.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="210" /></a></span> Flag of <a href="/wiki/French_Polynesia" title="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Saar_(1947%E2%80%931956).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the French protectorate of Saar (1947–1956)"><img alt="Flag of the French protectorate of Saar (1947–1956)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_Saar_%281947%E2%80%931956%29.svg/130px-Flag_of_Saar_%281947%E2%80%931956%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_Saar_%281947%E2%80%931956%29.svg/195px-Flag_of_Saar_%281947%E2%80%931956%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_Saar_%281947%E2%80%931956%29.svg/260px-Flag_of_Saar_%281947%E2%80%931956%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_historical.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Design used in the past, but now abandoned"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/23px-FIAV_historical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/36px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/46px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> Flag of the French protectorate of <a href="/wiki/Saar_(protectorate)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saar (protectorate)">Saar</a> (1947–1956)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_French_Governor_in_French_Colony.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the French colonial governor"><img alt="Flag of the French colonial governor" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_French_Governor_in_French_Colony.svg/130px-Flag_of_French_Governor_in_French_Colony.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_French_Governor_in_French_Colony.svg/195px-Flag_of_French_Governor_in_French_Colony.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_French_Governor_in_French_Colony.svg/260px-Flag_of_French_Governor_in_French_Colony.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_historical.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Design used in the past, but now abandoned"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/23px-FIAV_historical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/36px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/46px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> Flag of the French colonial governor</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands"><img alt="Flag of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Flag_of_the_French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands.svg/130px-Flag_of_the_French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Flag_of_the_French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands.svg/195px-Flag_of_the_French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Flag_of_the_French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands.svg/260px-Flag_of_the_French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="425" data-file-height="283" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Flag of the <a href="/wiki/French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands" title="French Southern and Antarctic Lands">French Southern and Antarctic Lands</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Louisiana_(January_1861).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Unofficial flag of Louisiana (1861)"><img alt="Unofficial flag of Louisiana (1861)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Flag_of_Louisiana_%28January_1861%29.svg/130px-Flag_of_Louisiana_%28January_1861%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Flag_of_Louisiana_%28January_1861%29.svg/195px-Flag_of_Louisiana_%28January_1861%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Flag_of_Louisiana_%28January_1861%29.svg/260px-Flag_of_Louisiana_%28January_1861%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1023" data-file-height="682" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_historical.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Design used in the past, but now abandoned"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/23px-FIAV_historical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/36px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/46px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> <span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_defacto.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="De facto version of flag"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/FIAV_defacto.svg/23px-FIAV_defacto.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/FIAV_defacto.svg/36px-FIAV_defacto.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/FIAV_defacto.svg/46px-FIAV_defacto.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> Unofficial flag of <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a> (1861)</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other">Other</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_France&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Other"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many provinces and territories in Canada have French-speaking communities with flags represents: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_flags#Francophone_peoples" title="List of Canadian flags">List of Canadian flags § Francophone peoples</a></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-nolines" style="max-width: 1112px;background:lightgray; padding:15px; text-align:left"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Acadia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Acadian flag used in Canada is based on the tricolour flag of France, but this flag was never used during French rule of Acadia. It was adopted in 1884. Acadians live mainly in Louisiana, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island and Nova Scotia."><img alt="The Acadian flag used in Canada is based on the tricolour flag of France, but this flag was never used during French rule of Acadia. It was adopted in 1884. Acadians live mainly in Louisiana, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island and Nova Scotia." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Acadia.svg/130px-Flag_of_Acadia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Acadia.svg/195px-Flag_of_Acadia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Acadia.svg/260px-Flag_of_Acadia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Acadian_flag" class="mw-redirect" title="Acadian flag">Acadian flag</a> used in Canada is based on the tricolour flag of France, but this flag was never used during French rule of <a href="/wiki/Acadia" title="Acadia">Acadia</a>. It was adopted in 1884. Acadians live mainly in <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island" title="Prince Edward Island">Prince Edward Island</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Quebec.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="The current flag of Quebec. The use of blue and white is a characteristic of pre-revolutionary flags."><img alt="The current flag of Quebec. The use of blue and white is a characteristic of pre-revolutionary flags." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_Quebec.svg/130px-Flag_of_Quebec.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_Quebec.svg/195px-Flag_of_Quebec.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_Quebec.svg/260px-Flag_of_Quebec.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The current <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Quebec" title="Flag of Quebec">flag of Quebec</a>. The use of blue and white is a characteristic of pre-revolutionary flags.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Franco-Terreneuviens.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Franco-Newfoundlanders"><img alt="Flag of Franco-Newfoundlanders" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Franco-Terreneuviens.svg/130px-Flag_of_Franco-Terreneuviens.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Franco-Terreneuviens.svg/195px-Flag_of_Franco-Terreneuviens.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Franco-Terreneuviens.svg/260px-Flag_of_Franco-Terreneuviens.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Flag of <a href="/wiki/Franco-Newfoundlander" title="Franco-Newfoundlander">Franco-Newfoundlanders</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:French_Congo_1959_proposal_(Flag).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Proposed flag of the French Congo (pre-1959)"><img alt="Proposed flag of the French Congo (pre-1959)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/French_Congo_1959_proposal_%28Flag%29.svg/130px-French_Congo_1959_proposal_%28Flag%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/French_Congo_1959_proposal_%28Flag%29.svg/195px-French_Congo_1959_proposal_%28Flag%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/French_Congo_1959_proposal_%28Flag%29.svg/260px-French_Congo_1959_proposal_%28Flag%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Proposed flag of the <a href="/wiki/French_Congo" title="French Congo">French Congo</a> (pre-1959)</div> </li> </ul> <p>Many areas in North America have substantial French-speaking and ancestral communities: </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-nolines" style="max-width: 1112px;background:lightgray; padding:15px; text-align:left"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Acadiana.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Acadiana"><img alt="Flag of Acadiana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_Acadiana.svg/130px-Flag_of_Acadiana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_Acadiana.svg/195px-Flag_of_Acadiana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_Acadiana.svg/260px-Flag_of_Acadiana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="415" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Flag of <a href="/wiki/Acadiana" title="Acadiana">Acadiana</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Drapeau_Franco-Am%C3%A9ricain.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of United Franco-Americans"><img alt="Flag of United Franco-Americans" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Drapeau_Franco-Am%C3%A9ricain.svg/130px-Drapeau_Franco-Am%C3%A9ricain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Drapeau_Franco-Am%C3%A9ricain.svg/195px-Drapeau_Franco-Am%C3%A9ricain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Drapeau_Franco-Am%C3%A9ricain.svg/260px-Drapeau_Franco-Am%C3%A9ricain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Flag of United <a href="/wiki/Franco-Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Franco-Americans">Franco-Americans</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Drapeau_fran%C3%A7ais-am%C3%A9ricain.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of New England Franco-Americans"><img alt="Flag of New England Franco-Americans" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Drapeau_fran%C3%A7ais-am%C3%A9ricain.svg/130px-Drapeau_fran%C3%A7ais-am%C3%A9ricain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Drapeau_fran%C3%A7ais-am%C3%A9ricain.svg/195px-Drapeau_fran%C3%A7ais-am%C3%A9ricain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Drapeau_fran%C3%A7ais-am%C3%A9ricain.svg/260px-Drapeau_fran%C3%A7ais-am%C3%A9ricain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="562" data-file-height="375" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Flag of <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a> Franco-Americans</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Drapeau_de_l%27Acadie_occidentale.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Aroostook county Franco-Americans"><img alt="Flag of Aroostook county Franco-Americans" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Drapeau_de_l%27Acadie_occidentale.svg/130px-Drapeau_de_l%27Acadie_occidentale.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Drapeau_de_l%27Acadie_occidentale.svg/195px-Drapeau_de_l%27Acadie_occidentale.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Drapeau_de_l%27Acadie_occidentale.svg/260px-Drapeau_de_l%27Acadie_occidentale.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Flag of <a href="/wiki/Aroostook_County,_Maine" title="Aroostook County, Maine">Aroostook county</a> Franco-Americans</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Drapeau_de_l%27Union_Saint-Jean-Baptiste_d%27Am%C3%A9rique.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Androscoggin county Franco-Americans"><img alt="Flag of Androscoggin county Franco-Americans" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Drapeau_de_l%27Union_Saint-Jean-Baptiste_d%27Am%C3%A9rique.svg/130px-Drapeau_de_l%27Union_Saint-Jean-Baptiste_d%27Am%C3%A9rique.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Drapeau_de_l%27Union_Saint-Jean-Baptiste_d%27Am%C3%A9rique.svg/195px-Drapeau_de_l%27Union_Saint-Jean-Baptiste_d%27Am%C3%A9rique.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Drapeau_de_l%27Union_Saint-Jean-Baptiste_d%27Am%C3%A9rique.svg/260px-Drapeau_de_l%27Union_Saint-Jean-Baptiste_d%27Am%C3%A9rique.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Flag of <a href="/wiki/Androscoggin_County,_Maine" title="Androscoggin County, Maine">Androscoggin county</a> Franco-Americans</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Drapeau_de_la_Louisiane_septentrionale.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Illinois Country Franco-Americans"><img alt="Flag of Illinois Country Franco-Americans" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Drapeau_de_la_Louisiane_septentrionale.svg/130px-Drapeau_de_la_Louisiane_septentrionale.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Drapeau_de_la_Louisiane_septentrionale.svg/195px-Drapeau_de_la_Louisiane_septentrionale.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Drapeau_de_la_Louisiane_septentrionale.svg/260px-Drapeau_de_la_Louisiane_septentrionale.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Flag of <a href="/wiki/Missouri_French" title="Missouri French">Illinois Country</a> Franco-Americans</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Iowa.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Iowa"><img alt="Flag of Iowa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Iowa.svg/130px-Flag_of_Iowa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Iowa.svg/195px-Flag_of_Iowa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Iowa.svg/260px-Flag_of_Iowa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="714" data-file-height="477" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Flag of <a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_New_Orleans,_Louisiana.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of New Orleans, Louisiana"><img alt="Flag of New Orleans, Louisiana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_New_Orleans%2C_Louisiana.svg/130px-Flag_of_New_Orleans%2C_Louisiana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_New_Orleans%2C_Louisiana.svg/195px-Flag_of_New_Orleans%2C_Louisiana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_New_Orleans%2C_Louisiana.svg/260px-Flag_of_New_Orleans%2C_Louisiana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Flag of <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a>, Louisiana</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Mobile,_Alabama.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Mobile, Alabama"><img alt="Flag of Mobile, Alabama" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Mobile%2C_Alabama.png/130px-Flag_of_Mobile%2C_Alabama.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Mobile%2C_Alabama.png/195px-Flag_of_Mobile%2C_Alabama.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Mobile%2C_Alabama.png/260px-Flag_of_Mobile%2C_Alabama.png 2x" data-file-width="324" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Flag of <a href="/wiki/Mobile,_Alabama" title="Mobile, Alabama">Mobile</a>, Alabama</div> </li> </ul> <p><a href="/wiki/New_Hebrides" title="New Hebrides">New Hebrides</a> used several flags incorporating both the British Union Flag and the French flag. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-nolines" style="max-width: 1112px;background:lightgray; padding:15px; text-align:left"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_Vanuatu_1963.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag attested as being used in the 1963 South Pacific Games[33]"><img alt="Flag attested as being used in the 1963 South Pacific Games[33]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_Vanuatu_1963.svg/130px-Flag_Vanuatu_1963.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_Vanuatu_1963.svg/195px-Flag_Vanuatu_1963.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_Vanuatu_1963.svg/260px-Flag_Vanuatu_1963.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="821" data-file-height="547" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Flag attested as being used in the <a href="/wiki/1963_South_Pacific_Games" title="1963 South Pacific Games">1963 South Pacific Games</a><sup id="cite_ref-FotW_historical_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FotW_historical-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_New_Hebrides.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag attested as being used in the 1966 and 1971 South Pacific Games[33]"><img alt="Flag attested as being used in the 1966 and 1971 South Pacific Games[33]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_New_Hebrides.svg/130px-Flag_of_New_Hebrides.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_New_Hebrides.svg/195px-Flag_of_New_Hebrides.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_New_Hebrides.svg/260px-Flag_of_New_Hebrides.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Flag attested as being used in the <a href="/wiki/1966_South_Pacific_Games" title="1966 South Pacific Games">1966</a> and <a href="/wiki/1971_South_Pacific_Games" title="1971 South Pacific Games">1971</a> South Pacific Games<sup id="cite_ref-FotW_historical_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FotW_historical-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_New_Hebrides_(1969).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dark blue version attested at the time of the 1969 South Pacific Games[34]"><img alt="Dark blue version attested at the time of the 1969 South Pacific Games[34]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_New_Hebrides_%281969%29.svg/130px-Flag_of_New_Hebrides_%281969%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_New_Hebrides_%281969%29.svg/195px-Flag_of_New_Hebrides_%281969%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_New_Hebrides_%281969%29.svg/260px-Flag_of_New_Hebrides_%281969%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="342" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Dark blue version attested at the time of the <a href="/wiki/1969_South_Pacific_Games" title="1969 South Pacific Games">1969 South Pacific Games</a><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> </ul> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_International_Settlement" title="Shanghai International Settlement">Shanghai International Settlement</a>, the flag of Shanghai Municipal Council has a shield incorporating the French tricolour. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-nolines" style="max-width: 1112px;background:lightgray; padding:15px; text-align:left"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Shanghai_International_Settlement.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the Shanghai Municipal Council, Shanghai International Settlement"><img alt="Flag of the Shanghai Municipal Council, Shanghai International Settlement" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_the_Shanghai_International_Settlement.svg/130px-Flag_of_the_Shanghai_International_Settlement.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_the_Shanghai_International_Settlement.svg/195px-Flag_of_the_Shanghai_International_Settlement.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_the_Shanghai_International_Settlement.svg/260px-Flag_of_the_Shanghai_International_Settlement.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Flag of the Shanghai Municipal Council, Shanghai International Settlement</div> </li> </ul> <p>Two territories of Vietnam used flags based on the tricolour flag of France. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-nolines" style="max-width: 1112px;background:lightgray; padding:15px; text-align:left"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Montagnard_country_of_South_Indochina.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Montagnard country (1946–1950)"><img alt="Montagnard country (1946–1950)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_the_Montagnard_country_of_South_Indochina.svg/130px-Flag_of_the_Montagnard_country_of_South_Indochina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_the_Montagnard_country_of_South_Indochina.svg/195px-Flag_of_the_Montagnard_country_of_South_Indochina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_the_Montagnard_country_of_South_Indochina.svg/260px-Flag_of_the_Montagnard_country_of_South_Indochina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1876" data-file-height="1243" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Montagnard_country_of_South_Indochina" title="Montagnard country of South Indochina">Montagnard country</a> (1946–1950)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Tai_Autonomous_Territory.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tai Autonomous Territory (1946–1950)"><img alt="Tai Autonomous Territory (1946–1950)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Tai_Autonomous_Territory.svg/130px-Flag_of_Tai_Autonomous_Territory.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Tai_Autonomous_Territory.svg/195px-Flag_of_Tai_Autonomous_Territory.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Tai_Autonomous_Territory.svg/260px-Flag_of_Tai_Autonomous_Territory.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2001" data-file-height="1326" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Tai_Autonomous_Territory" class="mw-redirect" title="Tai Autonomous Territory">Tai Autonomous Territory</a> (1946–1950)</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_France&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:El_114_de_infanter%C3%ADa,_en_Par%C3%ADs,_el_14_de_julio_de_1917,_Le%C3%B3n_Gimpel.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="French regimental flag, Paris, autochrome dated 1917"><img alt="French regimental flag, Paris, autochrome dated 1917" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/El_114_de_infanter%C3%ADa%2C_en_Par%C3%ADs%2C_el_14_de_julio_de_1917%2C_Le%C3%B3n_Gimpel.jpg/120px-El_114_de_infanter%C3%ADa%2C_en_Par%C3%ADs%2C_el_14_de_julio_de_1917%2C_Le%C3%B3n_Gimpel.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/El_114_de_infanter%C3%ADa%2C_en_Par%C3%ADs%2C_el_14_de_julio_de_1917%2C_Le%C3%B3n_Gimpel.jpg/180px-El_114_de_infanter%C3%ADa%2C_en_Par%C3%ADs%2C_el_14_de_julio_de_1917%2C_Le%C3%B3n_Gimpel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/El_114_de_infanter%C3%ADa%2C_en_Par%C3%ADs%2C_el_14_de_julio_de_1917%2C_Le%C3%B3n_Gimpel.jpg/240px-El_114_de_infanter%C3%ADa%2C_en_Par%C3%ADs%2C_el_14_de_julio_de_1917%2C_Le%C3%B3n_Gimpel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1123" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">French regimental flag, Paris, <a href="/wiki/Autochrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Autochrome">autochrome</a> dated 1917</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dieudonn%C3%A9_Costes_devant_le_Point_d%27Interrogation.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of France, color photography dated 1930"><img alt="Flag of France, color photography dated 1930" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Dieudonn%C3%A9_Costes_devant_le_Point_d%27Interrogation.jpg/120px-Dieudonn%C3%A9_Costes_devant_le_Point_d%27Interrogation.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Dieudonn%C3%A9_Costes_devant_le_Point_d%27Interrogation.jpg/180px-Dieudonn%C3%A9_Costes_devant_le_Point_d%27Interrogation.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Dieudonn%C3%A9_Costes_devant_le_Point_d%27Interrogation.jpg/240px-Dieudonn%C3%A9_Costes_devant_le_Point_d%27Interrogation.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="690" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Flag of France, <a href="/wiki/Color_photography" title="Color photography">color photography</a> dated 1930</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Drapeaux_fran%C3%A7ais.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Multiple French flags as commonly flown from public buildings"><img alt="Multiple French flags as commonly flown from public buildings" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Drapeaux_fran%C3%A7ais.jpg/120px-Drapeaux_fran%C3%A7ais.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Drapeaux_fran%C3%A7ais.jpg/180px-Drapeaux_fran%C3%A7ais.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Drapeaux_fran%C3%A7ais.jpg/240px-Drapeaux_fran%C3%A7ais.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3374" data-file-height="2461" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Multiple French flags as commonly flown from public buildings</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_France&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/32px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/48px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/64px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:France" title="Portal:France">France portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_flags" title="List of French flags">List of French flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flags_of_the_regions_of_France" title="Flags of the regions of France">Flags of the regions of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_emblem_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="National emblem of France">National emblem of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armorial_of_France" title="Armorial of France">Armorial of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cockade_of_France" title="Cockade of France">Cockade of France</a></li> <li>Flag of <a href="/wiki/Somoto" class="mw-redirect" title="Somoto">Somoto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a>, similar design</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Haiti#History" title="Flag of Haiti">Flag of Haiti</a> (based on French Republican flag)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_France&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-first-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-first_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Use has not been continuous: readopted in 1830 after a 15 year gap, last re-adopted on 5 March 1848 after a few days.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_France&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-lightyear-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lightyear_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lightyear_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://drapeaux-sfv.org/vexillologie/actualites/article/a-propos-du-bleu-du-drapeau-tricolore">"À propos du bleu du drapeau tricolore -"</a> [About the blue of the tricolour flag]. <i>Société Française de Vexillologie</i> (in French). n.d. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231015025617/http://www.drapeaux-sfv.org/vexillologie/actualites/article/a-propos-du-bleu-du-drapeau-tricolore">Archived</a> from the original on 15 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+Fran%C3%A7aise+de+Vexillologie&rft.atitle=%C3%80+propos+du+bleu+du+drapeau+tricolore+-&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdrapeaux-sfv.org%2Fvexillologie%2Factualites%2Farticle%2Fa-propos-du-bleu-du-drapeau-tricolore&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEriksenJenkins2007" class="citation book cs1">Eriksen, Thomas Hylland; Jenkins, Richard, eds. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/182759362"><i>Flag, nation and symbolism in Europe and America</i></a>. London: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-203-93496-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-203-93496-8"><bdi>978-0-203-93496-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/182759362">182759362</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Flag%2C+nation+and+symbolism+in+Europe+and+America&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F182759362&rft.isbn=978-0-203-93496-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F182759362&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/list/flags-that-look-alike">"Flags That Look Alike | Britannica"</a>. <i>www.britannica.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151130071911/https://www.britannica.com/list/flags-that-look-alike">Archived</a> from the original on 30 November 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=Flags+That+Look+Alike+%7C+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Flist%2Fflags-that-look-alike&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ansa-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ansa_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ansa.it/sito/notizie/mondo/2015/07/14/parigi-14-luglio-la-bastiglia-e-il-rosso-della-first-lady-messicana-angelica_5ffc5fb9-5c2f-406b-ab8c-99935f5c4428.html">"Presa della Bastiglia, il 14 luglio e il rosso della first lady messicana Angelica"</a> (in Italian). 14 July 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170728201839/http://www.ansa.it/sito/notizie/mondo/2015/07/14/parigi-14-luglio-la-bastiglia-e-il-rosso-della-first-lady-messicana-angelica_5ffc5fb9-5c2f-406b-ab8c-99935f5c4428.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Presa+della+Bastiglia%2C+il+14+luglio+e+il+rosso+della+first+lady+messicana+Angelica&rft.date=2015-07-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ansa.it%2Fsito%2Fnotizie%2Fmondo%2F2015%2F07%2F14%2Fparigi-14-luglio-la-bastiglia-e-il-rosso-della-first-lady-messicana-angelica_5ffc5fb9-5c2f-406b-ab8c-99935f5c4428.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lafayette-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lafayette_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lafayette_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lafayette_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Marie Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert Du Motier Lafayette (marquis de), <i>Memoirs, correspondence and manuscripts of General Lafayette,</i> vol. 2, p. 252.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGaines2015" class="citation news cs1">Gaines, James (September 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/washington-amp-lafayette-162245867/">"Washington & Lafayette"</a>. <i>Smithsonian Magazine</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190225161847/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/washington-amp-lafayette-162245867/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 February 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Smithsonian+Magazine&rft.atitle=Washington+%26+Lafayette&rft.date=2015-09&rft.aulast=Gaines&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smithsonianmag.com%2Fhistory%2Fwashington-amp-lafayette-162245867%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ilsole24-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ilsole24_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCuriat2011" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Curiat, Andrea (3 March 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://st.ilsole24ore.com/art/notizie/2011-03-03/storia-tricolore-nostro-viaggio-105431.shtml">"La storia del tricolore"</a>. <i><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Il Sole 24 ORE</i></span></i> (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200731170605/https://st.ilsole24ore.com/art/notizie/2011-03-03/storia-tricolore-nostro-viaggio-105431.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 31 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%3Cspan+title%3D%22Italian-language+text%22%3E%3Ci+lang%3D%22it%22%3EIl+Sole+24+ORE%3C%2Fi%3E%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3AArticles+containing+Italian-language+text&rft.atitle=La+storia+del+tricolore&rft.date=2011-03-03&rft.aulast=Curiat&rft.aufirst=Andrea&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fst.ilsole24ore.com%2Fart%2Fnotizie%2F2011-03-03%2Fstoria-tricolore-nostro-viaggio-105431.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-secrep-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-secrep_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-secrep_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.persee.fr/doc/r1848_1155-8806_1931_num_28_139_1209_t1_0237_0000_2">"Les couleurs du drapeau de 1848"</a>. <i>Revue d'Histoire du Xixe Siècle - 1848</i>. <b>28</b> (139): 237–238. 1931. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190707143232/https://www.persee.fr/doc/r1848_1155-8806_1931_num_28_139_1209_t1_0237_0000_2">Archived</a> from the original on 7 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revue+d%27Histoire+du+Xixe+Si%C3%A8cle+-+1848&rft.atitle=Les+couleurs+du+drapeau+de+1848&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=139&rft.pages=237-238&rft.date=1931&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.persee.fr%2Fdoc%2Fr1848_1155-8806_1931_num_28_139_1209_t1_0237_0000_2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-moreau-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-moreau_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-moreau_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-moreau_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Raguenel2021" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">de Raguenel, Louis (14 November 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.europe1.fr/politique/info-e1-le-drapeau-francais-a-change-de-couleur-4076943">"Emmanuel Macron a changé la couleur du drapeau français"</a> [Emmanuel Macron has changed the colour of the French flag]. <i>Europe 1</i> (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211115161915/https://www.europe1.fr/politique/info-e1-le-drapeau-francais-a-change-de-couleur-4076943">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2021</span>. <q>La décision de changer la couleur du drapeau français a été prise par le président de la République le 13 juillet 2020 (…)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Europe+1&rft.atitle=Emmanuel+Macron+a+chang%C3%A9+la+couleur+du+drapeau+fran%C3%A7ais&rft.date=2021-11-14&rft.aulast=de+Raguenel&rft.aufirst=Louis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.europe1.fr%2Fpolitique%2Finfo-e1-le-drapeau-francais-a-change-de-couleur-4076943&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-blue-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-blue_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-blue_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-blue_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-59283134">"Macron switches to using navy blue on France's flag - reports"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. 14 November 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211115111902/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-59283134">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Macron+switches+to+using+navy+blue+on+France%27s+flag+-+reports&rft.date=2021-11-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-59283134&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">"Article 2". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/LEGIARTI000006527453"><i>Constitution du 4 octobre 1958</i></a> (in French). Légifrance (French government). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211115200514/https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/LEGIARTI000006527453">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Article+2&rft.btitle=Constitution+du+4+octobre+1958&rft.pub=L%C3%A9gifrance+%28French+government%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.legifrance.gouv.fr%2Floda%2Fid%2FLEGIARTI000006527453&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rmc.bfmtv.com/emission/discretement-emmanuel-macron-a-change-la-tonalite-du-drapeau-bleu-blanc-rouge-2051123.html">"Discrètement, Emmanuel Macron a changé la tonalité du drapeau bleu-blanc-rouge"</a> [Emmanuel Macron has discreetly changed the hue of the blue-white-red flag]. <i><a href="/wiki/RMC_(France)" title="RMC (France)">RMC</a></i> (in French). 15 November 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211115133950/https://rmc.bfmtv.com/emission/discretement-emmanuel-macron-a-change-la-tonalite-du-drapeau-bleu-blanc-rouge-2051123.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 November</span> 2021</span>. <q>La Constitution ne précise pas la tonalité des couleurs. Aucune loi non plus.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RMC&rft.atitle=Discr%C3%A8tement%2C+Emmanuel+Macron+a+chang%C3%A9+la+tonalit%C3%A9+du+drapeau+bleu-blanc-rouge&rft.date=2021-11-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frmc.bfmtv.com%2Femission%2Fdiscretement-emmanuel-macron-a-change-la-tonalite-du-drapeau-bleu-blanc-rouge-2051123.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-drapeau-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-drapeau_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-drapeau_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131204524/http://www.promo-drapeaux.fr/content/15-drapeau-france">"Drapeau Français"</a>. <i>promo-drapeaux.fr</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.promo-drapeaux.fr/content/15-drapeau-france">the original</a> on 31 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=promo-drapeaux.fr&rft.atitle=Drapeau+Fran%C3%A7ais&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.promo-drapeaux.fr%2Fcontent%2F15-drapeau-france&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOsborne2021" class="citation web cs1">Osborne, Samuel (15 November 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.sky.com/story/emmanuel-macron-changed-colour-of-french-flag-to-revive-a-symbol-of-the-revolution-12469156">"Emmanuel Macron changed colour of French flag in 'very political' decision"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Sky_News" title="Sky News">Sky News</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221222221953/https://news.sky.com/story/emmanuel-macron-changed-colour-of-french-flag-to-revive-a-symbol-of-the-revolution-12469156">Archived</a> from the original on 22 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2022</span>. <q>But they also said the "very political" decision was made "to revive a symbol of the French Revolution".</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sky+News&rft.atitle=Emmanuel+Macron+changed+colour+of+French+flag+in+%27very+political%27+decision&rft.date=2021-11-15&rft.aulast=Osborne&rft.aufirst=Samuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.sky.com%2Fstory%2Femmanuel-macron-changed-colour-of-french-flag-to-revive-a-symbol-of-the-revolution-12469156&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-milcolours-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-milcolours_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation techreport cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.derivery.fr/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/NORMDEF-0001-Couleurs-de-lad%C3%A9fense-nationale.pdf"><i>Couleurs de la défense nationale</i></a> [<i>Colours for the French ministry of defence</i>] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Technical report) (in French). République Française - Ministére de la Défense. March 2009. NORMDEF 0001, Édition 01.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Couleurs+de+la+d%C3%A9fense+nationale&rft.pub=R%C3%A9publique+Fran%C3%A7aise+-+Minist%C3%A9re+de+la+D%C3%A9fense&rft.date=2009-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.derivery.fr%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2017%2F08%2FNORMDEF-0001-Couleurs-de-lad%25C3%25A9fense-nationale.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-navycolors-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-navycolors_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://flagspot.net/flags/fr.html#col">"France"</a>. Flags of the World. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160727203123/https://flagspot.net/flags/fr.html#col">Archived</a> from the original on 27 July 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=France&rft.pub=Flags+of+the+World&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fflagspot.net%2Fflags%2Ffr.html%23col&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-colors-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-colors_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111110005908/http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/de/frankreich_3/frankreich-entdecken_244/portrat-frankreichs_247/die-symbole-der-franzosischen-republik_260/trikolore-die-nationalfahne_114.html">"Die Symbole der französischen Republik"</a>. Archived from the original on 10 November 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Die+Symbole+der+franz%C3%B6sischen+Republik&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.diplomatie.gouv.fr%2Fde%2Ffrankreich_3%2Ffrankreich-entdecken_244%2Fportrat-frankreichs_247%2Fdie-symbole-der-franzosischen-republik_260%2Ftrikolore-die-nationalfahne_114.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+France" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LObs1-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LObs1_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Boutiny2016" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">de Boutiny, Arthur (18 November 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nouvelobs.com/rue89/rue89-rue89-culture/20140628.RUE4683/dix-choses-que-vous-ignoriez-surement-sur-les-drapeaux.html">"Dix choses que vous ignoriez sûrement sur les drapeaux"</a> [Ten things you surely don't know about flags]. <i><a href="/wiki/L%27Obs" class="mw-redirect" title="L'Obs">L'Obs</a> website</i> (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190101002845/https://www.nouvelobs.com/rue89/rue89-rue89-culture/20140628.RUE4683/dix-choses-que-vous-ignoriez-surement-sur-les-drapeaux.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=L%27Obs+website&rft.atitle=Dix+choses+que+vous+ignoriez+s%C3%BBrement+sur+les+drapeaux&rft.date=2016-11-18&rft.aulast=de+Boutiny&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nouvelobs.com%2Frue89%2Frue89-rue89-culture%2F20140628.RUE4683%2Fdix-choses-que-vous-ignoriez-surement-sur-les-drapeaux.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://drapeaux-sfv.blogspot.com/search/label/drapeau%20fran%C3%A7ais%20%C3%A0%20bande%20blanche%20%C3%A9troite">"Drapeau français à bande blanche étroite"</a> [The French flag with a narrow white stripe] (in French). Drapeaux-SFV (former information blog of the <a href="/wiki/French_Society_of_Vexillology" title="French Society of Vexillology">French Society of Vexillology</a>). 2010–2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211115120414/http://drapeaux-sfv.blogspot.com/search/label/drapeau%20fran%C3%A7ais%20%C3%A0%20bande%20blanche%20%C3%A9troite">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Drapeau+fran%C3%A7ais+%C3%A0+bande+blanche+%C3%A9troite&rft.pub=Drapeaux-SFV+%28former+information+blog+of+the+French+Society+of+Vexillology%29&rft.date=2010%2F2012&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdrapeaux-sfv.blogspot.com%2Fsearch%2Flabel%2Fdrapeau%2520fran%25C3%25A7ais%2520%25C3%25A0%2520bande%2520blanche%2520%25C3%25A9troite&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gouvernement.fr/en/the-tricolour-flag">"The three colours before the flag"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200221121236/https://www.gouvernement.fr/en/the-tricolour-flag">Archived</a> from the original on 21 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+three+colours+before+the+flag&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gouvernement.fr%2Fen%2Fthe-tricolour-flag&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-elysee-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-elysee_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elysee.fr/la-presidence/le-drapeau-francais">"Le drapeau français"</a> [The French flag]. <i>Élysée (France)</i> (in French). n.d. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120217190339/http://www.elysee.fr/president/la-presidence/les-symboles-de-la-republique-francaise/le-drapeau-francais/le-drapeau-francais.1117.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 February 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%C3%89lys%C3%A9e+%28France%29&rft.atitle=Le+drapeau+fran%C3%A7ais&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elysee.fr%2Fla-presidence%2Fle-drapeau-francais&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-flagsymbols-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-flagsymbols_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210225185336/http://users.skynet.be/lotus/flag/fra0-en.htm">"The French flag - Colours of the flag"</a>. <i>users.skynet.be/lotus/flag/fra0-en.htm</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://users.skynet.be/lotus/flag/fra0-en.htm">the original</a> on 25 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=users.skynet.be%2Flotus%2Fflag%2Ffra0-en.htm&rft.atitle=The+French+flag+-+Colours+of+the+flag&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fusers.skynet.be%2Flotus%2Fflag%2Ffra0-en.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Whitney-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Whitney_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Whitney_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Whitney Smith, <i>Flags through the ages and across the world</i>, McGraw-Hill, England, 1975 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-07-059093-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-07-059093-1">0-07-059093-1</a>, pp. 66–67, The Standard of Joan of Arc, after quoting her from her trial transcript he states: "it was her influence which determined that white should serve as the principal French national colour from shortly after her death in 1431 until the French Revolution almost 350 years later."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <ul><li>"...the standard of France was white, sprinkled with golden fleur de lis..." (<a href="#CITEREFRipleyDana1879">Ripley & Dana 1879</a>, p. 250).</li> <li>On the reverse of this plate it says: "Le pavillon royal était véritablement le drapeau national au dix-huitième siecle...Vue du chateau d'arrière d'un vaisseau de guerre de haut rang portant le pavillon royal (blanc, avec les armes de France)" (<a href="#CITEREFVinkhuijzen_collection2011"><i>Vinkhuijzen collection</i> 2011</a>).</li> <li>"The oriflamme and the Chape de St Martin were succeeded at the end of the 16th century, when Henry III., the last of the house of Valois, came to the throne, by the white standard powdered with fleurs-de-lis. This in turn gave place to the famous tricolour"(<a href="#CITEREFChisholm1911">Chisholm 1911</a>, p. 460).</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Governor_General_of_Canada2020" class="citation web cs1">The Governor General of Canada (12 November 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reg.gg.ca/heraldry/pub-reg/project-pic.asp?lang=e&ProjectID=1214&ProjectElementID=3952">"Royal Banner of France – Heritage Emblem"</a>. <i>Confirmation of the blazon of a Flag. February 15, 2008 Vol. V, p. 202</i>. The Office of the Secretary to the Governor General. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210425025226/https://reg.gg.ca/heraldry/pub-reg/project-pic.asp?lang=e&ProjectID=1214&ProjectElementID=3952">Archived</a> from the original on 25 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Confirmation+of+the+blazon+of+a+Flag.+February+15%2C+2008+Vol.+V%2C+p.+202&rft.atitle=Royal+Banner+of+France+%E2%80%93+Heritage+Emblem&rft.date=2020-11-12&rft.au=The+Governor+General+of+Canada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freg.gg.ca%2Fheraldry%2Fpub-reg%2Fproject-pic.asp%3Flang%3De%26ProjectID%3D1214%26ProjectElementID%3D3952&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPinoteau1992" class="citation journal cs1">Pinoteau, Hervé (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.persee.fr/doc/bsnaf_0081-1181_1992_num_1990_1_9536">"Les trois couleurs en 1789"</a>. <i>Bulletin de la Société nationale des Antiquaires de France</i>. <b>1990</b> (1): 42–44. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3406%2Fbsnaf.1992.9536">10.3406/bsnaf.1992.9536</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240302125410/https://www.persee.fr/doc/bsnaf_0081-1181_1992_num_1990_1_9536">Archived</a> from the original on 2 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+de+la+Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+nationale+des+Antiquaires+de+France&rft.atitle=Les+trois+couleurs+en+1789&rft.volume=1990&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=42-44&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3406%2Fbsnaf.1992.9536&rft.aulast=Pinoteau&rft.aufirst=Herv%C3%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.persee.fr%2Fdoc%2Fbsnaf_0081-1181_1992_num_1990_1_9536&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.contreculture.org/AT%20Cocarde%20tricolore.html">"Cocarde tricolore ; les origines du drapeau français"</a>. <i>www.contreculture.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240302092331/https://www.contreculture.org/AT%20Cocarde%20tricolore.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.contreculture.org&rft.atitle=Cocarde+tricolore+%3B+les+origines+du+drapeau+fran%C3%A7ais&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.contreculture.org%2FAT%2520Cocarde%2520tricolore.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Clifford, Dale, "Can the Uniform Make the Citizen? Paris, 1789–1791", <i>Eighteenth-Century Studies</i>, 2001, p. 369.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin2022" class="citation news cs1">Martin, Jacques (2022) [23 March 1978]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ewtn.com/catholicism/library/humour-of-pope-pius-ix-5720">"The Humour of Pope Pius IX"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/L%27Osservatore_Romano" title="L'Osservatore Romano">L'Osservatore Romano</a></i> (English weekly ed.). Baltimore, MD: The Cathedral Foundation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210610024319/https://www.ewtn.com/catholicism/library/humour-of-pope-pius-ix-5720">Archived</a> from the original on 10 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2022</span> – via EWTN Global Catholic Network.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=L%27Osservatore+Romano&rft.atitle=The+Humour+of+Pope+Pius+IX&rft.date=2022&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Jacques&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ewtn.com%2Fcatholicism%2Flibrary%2Fhumour-of-pope-pius-ix-5720&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bienpublic.com/cote-d-or/2014/11/30/coquelicot-et-bleuet">"Côte-d'Or - Histoire. Cuisine de guerre : coquelicot et bleuet"</a>. <i>www.bienpublic.com</i> (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210612061950/https://www.bienpublic.com/cote-d-or/2014/11/30/coquelicot-et-bleuet">Archived</a> from the original on 12 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bienpublic.com&rft.atitle=C%C3%B4te-d%27Or+-+Histoire.+Cuisine+de+guerre+%3A+coquelicot+et+bleuet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bienpublic.com%2Fcote-d-or%2F2014%2F11%2F30%2Fcoquelicot-et-bleuet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Whitney Smith. <i>Flags through the ages and cross the world</i>. McGraw-Hill Book Company. 1975. p. 75.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rafmuseum.org.uk/research/faq/roundel.cfm">Royal Air Force Museum</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090602233007/http://www.rafmuseum.org.uk/research/faq/roundel.cfm">Archived</a> 2 June 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FotW_historical-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FotW_historical_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FotW_historical_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://flagspot.net/flags/vu_nh.html">"Historical Flags (Vanuatu)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Flags_of_the_World_(website)" title="Flags of the World (website)">Flags of the World</a></i>. 10 June 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170919183043/https://flagspot.net/flags/vu_nh.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Flags+of+the+World&rft.atitle=Historical+Flags+%28Vanuatu%29&rft.date=2011-06-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fflagspot.net%2Fflags%2Fvu_nh.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-postage-stamp-new-hebrides-condominium-1f-featuring-3rd-south-pacific-62836733.html">"postage stamp New Hebrides Condominium 1F featuring 3rd South Pacific Games Port Moresby 1969 dated 1969"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180909082217/https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-postage-stamp-new-hebrides-condominium-1f-featuring-3rd-south-pacific-62836733.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=postage+stamp+New+Hebrides+Condominium+1F+featuring+3rd+South+Pacific+Games+Port+Moresby+1969+dated+1969&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.alamy.com%2Fstock-photo-postage-stamp-new-hebrides-condominium-1f-featuring-3rd-south-pacific-62836733.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_France&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Flag"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Flag">"Flag" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 454–463.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Flag&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=454-463&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="public domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRipleyDana1879" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Ripley, George; Dana, Charles A., eds. (1879). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/americancyclopae07ripluoft#page/249/mode/1up">"Flag"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Cyclop%C3%A6dia" class="mw-redirect" title="The American Cyclopædia">The American Cyclopædia</a></i>. Vol. 8. p. 250.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Flag&rft.btitle=The+American+Cyclop%C3%A6dia&rft.pages=250&rft.date=1879&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Famericancyclopae07ripluoft%23page%2F249%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVinkhuijzen_collection2011" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150406164952/http://digitalgallery.nypl.org/nypldigital/dgkeysearchdetail.cfm?strucID=585779&imageID=1236061&parent_id=585395&word=&s=&notword=&d=&c=&f=&sScope=&sLevel=&sLabel=&lword=&lfield=&num=0&total=98&pos=1&snum=&e=w">"The Vinkhuijzen collection of military uniforms: France, 1750–1757"</a>. New York Public Library. 25 March 2011 [2004]. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digitalgallery.nypl.org/nypldigital/dgdisplaylargemeta.cfm?strucID=585779&imageID=1236061&parent_id=585395&word=&s=&notword=&d=&c=&f=&sScope=&sLevel=&sLabel=&lword=&lfield=&num=0&imgs=12&total=98&pos=1&snum=">the original</a> on 6 April 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Vinkhuijzen+collection+of+military+uniforms%3A+France%2C+1750%E2%80%931757&rft.pub=New+York+Public+Library&rft.date=2011-03-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigitalgallery.nypl.org%2Fnypldigital%2Fdgdisplaylargemeta.cfm%3FstrucID%3D585779%26imageID%3D1236061%26parent_id%3D585395%26word%3D%26s%3D%26notword%3D%26d%3D%26c%3D%26f%3D%26sScope%3D%26sLevel%3D%26sLabel%3D%26lword%3D%26lfield%3D%26num%3D0%26imgs%3D12%26total%3D98%26pos%3D1%26snum%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_France&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Flags Through the Ages and Across the World</i>, Smith, Whitney, McGraw-Hill Book Co. Ltd, England, 1975. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-07-059093-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-07-059093-1">0-07-059093-1</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_France&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:National_flag_of_France" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:National flag of France">National flag of France</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fotw.info/flags/fr.html">France</a> at <a href="/wiki/Flags_of_the_World_(website)" title="Flags of the World (website)">Flags of the World</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flagscorner.com/french-flag/">French flag</a> at Flags Corner <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210224202721/http://www.flagscorner.com/french-flag/">Archived</a> 24 February 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Articles_related_to_the_flags_of_France" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Articles_related_to_the_flags_of_France" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Articles related to the flags of France</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="France_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:France_topics" title="Template:France topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:France_topics" title="Template talk:France topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:France_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:France topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="France_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_France" title="Outline of France">topics</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History" title="History">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Overviews</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_France" title="History of France">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_French_history" title="Timeline of French history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_history_of_France" title="Political history of France">Political history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_France" title="Military history of France">Military history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_French" title="History of French">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_France" title="Economic history of France">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_French_foreign_relations" title="History of French foreign relations">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_French_journalism" title="History of French journalism">Journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_France" title="Liberalism and radicalism in France">Liberalism and radicalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Brittany" title="History of Brittany">History of Brittany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Normandy" title="History of Normandy">History of Normandy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_history" title="Ancient history">Ancient</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistory_of_France" title="Prehistory of France">Prehistory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greeks_in_pre-Roman_Gaul" title="Greeks in pre-Roman Gaul">Greek colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaul" title="Gaul">Celtic Gaul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Gaul" title="Roman Gaul">Roman Gaul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Visigothic_Kingdom" title="Visigothic Kingdom">Visigothic Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francia" title="Francia">Francia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Francia" title="West Francia">West Francia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="France in the Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">Kingdom of France</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fundamental_laws_of_the_Kingdom_of_France" title="Fundamental laws of the Kingdom of France">Fundamental laws</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Early_Modern" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Modern">Early Modern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_modern_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Early modern France">Early modern era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">House of Bourbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_monarchy_in_France" title="Absolute monarchy in France">Absolute monarchy</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Ancien_R%C3%A9gime" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancien Régime">Ancien Régime</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Wars_of_Religion" title="French Wars of Religion">Wars of Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Westphalia" title="Peace of Westphalia">Peace of Westphalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Hundred_Years%27_War" title="Second Hundred Years' War">Second Hundred Years' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV" title="Louis XIV">Louis XIV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Spanish_Succession" title="War of the Spanish Succession">War of the Spanish Succession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_Revolution_of_1756" class="mw-redirect" title="Diplomatic Revolution of 1756">Diplomatic Revolution of 1756</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War" title="Seven Years' War">Seven Years' War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Revolution</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_era" title="Napoleonic era">Napoleonic era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_First_Republic" title="French First Republic">First Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire">First Empire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Late_Modern" class="mw-redirect" title="Late Modern">Late Modern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/France_in_the_long_nineteenth_century" title="France in the long nineteenth century">Long nineteenth century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Restoration_in_France" title="Bourbon Restoration in France">Restoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_Monarchy" title="July Monarchy">July Monarchy</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Revolution_of_1848" title="French Revolution of 1848">Revolution of 1848</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Second_Republic" title="French Second Republic">Second Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1851_French_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1851 French coup d'état">Coup of 2 December 1851</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_French_Empire" title="Second French Empire">Second Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_National_Defense" title="Government of National Defense">Government of National Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">Third Republic</a> <ul><li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Belle_%C3%89poque" title="Belle Époque">Belle Époque</a></i></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Army_in_World_War_I" title="French Army in World War I">World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interwar_France" title="Interwar France">Interwar</a> <ul><li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_folles" title="Années folles">Années folles</a></i></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France_during_World_War_II" title="France during World War II">World War II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_France" title="Free France">Free France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_France" title="Liberation of France">Liberation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_the_French_Republic" title="Provisional Government of the French Republic">Provisional Government</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Contemporary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_France_(1900_to_present)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of France (1900 to present)">1900 to present</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Fourth_Republic" title="French Fourth Republic">Fourth Republic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_War" title="Algerian War">Algerian War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Fifth_Republic" title="French Fifth Republic">Fifth Republic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_68" title="May 68">May 68</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_French_riots" title="2005 French riots">2005 riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Recession_in_Europe#France,_Benelux_countries" title="Great Recession in Europe">Great Recession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2015_Paris_attacks" title="November 2015 Paris attacks">2015 Paris attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_French_presidential_election" title="2017 French presidential election">2017 presidential election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_France" title="COVID-19 pandemic in France">Coronavirus pandemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_French_labor_protests" title="2021 French labor protests">2021 labor protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_French_presidential_election" title="2022 French presidential election">2022 presidential election</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_France" title="Geography of France">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_France" title="Administrative divisions of France">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_communes_in_France_with_over_20,000_inhabitants" title="List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_France" title="Climate change in France">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borders_of_France" title="Borders of France">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_France" title="List of islands of France">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_France" title="List of lakes of France">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_mountains_by_prominence" title="List of French mountains by prominence">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_France" title="List of national parks of France">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_France" title="List of rivers of France">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_France" title="List of World Heritage Sites in France">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_France" title="Politics of France">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitutions_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitutions of France">Constitutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_France" title="Elections in France">Elections</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_elections_in_France" title="Presidential elections in France">presidential</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_France" title="Foreign relations of France">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_France" title="Politics of France">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_France" title="Human rights in France">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_France" title="Intersex rights in France">Intersex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in France">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_France" title="Judiciary of France">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_France" title="Law of France">Law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legal_history_of_France" title="Legal history of France">history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_France" title="Law enforcement in France">enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_criminal_law" title="French criminal law">criminal law</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Armed_Forces" title="French Armed Forces">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Parliament" title="French Parliament">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_France" title="List of political parties in France">Political parties</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_France" title="Economy of France">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_France#Agriculture" title="Economy of France">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_France" title="Automotive industry in France">Automotive industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_France" title="Banking in France">Banking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_France" title="Bank of France">Central bank</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_France" title="Economic history of France">Economic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_France" title="Energy in France">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exports_of_France" title="List of exports of France">Exports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_franc" title="French franc">Franc (former currency)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_regions_and_overseas_collectivities_by_GDP" title="List of French regions and overseas collectivities by GDP">French subdivisions by GDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_France" title="Mining in France">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euronext_Paris" title="Euronext Paris">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_France" title="Science and technology in France">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_France" title="Taxation in France">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_France" title="Telecommunications in France">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_France" title="Tourism in France">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_trade_unions_in_France" title="List of trade unions in France">Trade unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_France" title="Transport in France">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_France" title="Category:Society of France">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_France" title="Abortion in France">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birth_control_in_France" title="Birth control in France">Birth control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_France" title="Crime in France">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_France" title="Demographics of France">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_France" title="Education in France">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_care_in_France" title="Health care in France">Health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_France" title="Homelessness in France">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_France" title="Immigration to France">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_departments_by_life_expectancy" title="List of French departments by life expectancy">Life expectancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_people" title="French people">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_France" title="Poverty in France">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_France" title="Religion in France">Religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secularism_in_France" title="Secularism in France">secularism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_France" title="Racism in France">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_class_in_France" title="Social class in France">Social class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_protection_in_France" title="Social protection in France">Welfare</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_France" title="Culture of France">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/La_Marseillaise" title="La Marseillaise">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_architecture" title="French architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_art" title="French art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_France" title="Coat of arms of France">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_France" title="Cinema of France">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_cuisine" title="French cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li>Cultural icons</li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_fashion" title="French fashion">Fashion</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Remarkable_Gardens_of_France" title="List of Remarkable Gardens of France">Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_France" title="Languages of France">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_literature" title="French literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of France">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_France" title="Music of France">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_philosophy" title="French philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_France" title="Public holidays in France">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_France" title="Sport in France">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbols_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbols of France">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_France" title="Theatre of France">Theatre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="padding:0.25em;"><div><div style="margin-top:0;line-height:1.4em;margin-bottom:-0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_France" title="Outline of France">Outline</a></li></ul> </div><div style="margin-top:-0.2em;line-height:1.4em;font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:France" title="Category:France">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:France" title="Portal:France">Portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_France" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject France">WikiProject</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_symbols_of_France" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Symbols_of_the_French_Republic" title="Template:Symbols of the French Republic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Symbols_of_the_French_Republic" title="Template talk:Symbols of the French Republic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Symbols_of_the_French_Republic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Symbols of the French Republic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_symbols_of_France" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_France" title="National symbols of France">National symbols of France</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_France" title="Coat of arms of France">Coat of arms</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fleur-de-lis" title="Fleur-de-lis">Fleur-de-lis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasces" title="Fasces">Fasces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armorial_of_France" title="Armorial of France">Armorial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cockade_of_France" title="Cockade of France">Cockade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_emblem_of_France" title="Diplomatic emblem of France">Diplomatic emblem</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Flag</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_ensigns" title="French ensigns">ensign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallic_rooster" title="Gallic rooster">Gallic rooster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Seal_of_France" title="Great Seal of France">Great Seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_of_Arc" title="Joan of Arc">Joan of Arc</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Libert%C3%A9,_%C3%A9galit%C3%A9,_fraternit%C3%A9" title="Liberté, égalité, fraternité">Liberté, égalité, fraternité</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marianne" title="Marianne">Marianne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Flags_of_France" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:FranceFlags" title="Template:FranceFlags"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:FranceFlags" title="Template talk:FranceFlags"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:FranceFlags" title="Special:EditPage/Template:FranceFlags"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Flags_of_France" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_flags" title="List of French flags">Flags of France</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_France" title="Flag of France"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/28px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/42px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/56px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Flag of France</a> (1794–1814, 1815, 1830–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Flags_of_the_regions_of_France" title="Flags of the regions of France">Regions of France</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Incorrect_design_for_a_flag_of_Auvergne-Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes.svg/28px-Incorrect_design_for_a_flag_of_Auvergne-Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Incorrect_design_for_a_flag_of_Auvergne-Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes.svg/42px-Incorrect_design_for_a_flag_of_Auvergne-Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Incorrect_design_for_a_flag_of_Auvergne-Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes.svg/56px-Incorrect_design_for_a_flag_of_Auvergne-Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> Flag of <a href="/wiki/Auvergne-Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes" title="Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_the_region_Bourgogne-Franche-Comt%C3%A9.svg/28px-Flag_of_the_region_Bourgogne-Franche-Comt%C3%A9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_the_region_Bourgogne-Franche-Comt%C3%A9.svg/42px-Flag_of_the_region_Bourgogne-Franche-Comt%C3%A9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_the_region_Bourgogne-Franche-Comt%C3%A9.svg/56px-Flag_of_the_region_Bourgogne-Franche-Comt%C3%A9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="960" /></span></span> Flag of <a href="/wiki/Bourgogne-Franche-Comt%C3%A9" title="Bourgogne-Franche-Comté">Bourgogne-Franche-Comté</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Brittany_%28Gwenn_ha_du%29.svg/28px-Flag_of_Brittany_%28Gwenn_ha_du%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Brittany_%28Gwenn_ha_du%29.svg/42px-Flag_of_Brittany_%28Gwenn_ha_du%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Brittany_%28Gwenn_ha_du%29.svg/56px-Flag_of_Brittany_%28Gwenn_ha_du%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Brittany" title="Flag of Brittany">Flag of Brittany</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Flag_of_Centre-Val_de_Loire.svg/28px-Flag_of_Centre-Val_de_Loire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Flag_of_Centre-Val_de_Loire.svg/42px-Flag_of_Centre-Val_de_Loire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Flag_of_Centre-Val_de_Loire.svg/56px-Flag_of_Centre-Val_de_Loire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="360" /></span></span> Flag of <a href="/wiki/Centre-Val_de_Loire" title="Centre-Val de Loire">Centre-Val de Loire</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Flag_of_Corsica.svg/28px-Flag_of_Corsica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Flag_of_Corsica.svg/42px-Flag_of_Corsica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Flag_of_Corsica.svg/56px-Flag_of_Corsica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="450" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Flag_and_coat_of_arms_of_Corsica" title="Flag and coat of arms of Corsica">Flag of Corsica</a></li> <li>Flag of <a href="/wiki/Grand_Est" title="Grand Est">Grand Est</a></li> <li>Flag of <a href="/wiki/Hauts-de-France" title="Hauts-de-France">Hauts-de-France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_and_coat_of_arms_of_%C3%8Ele-de-France" title="Flag and coat of arms of Île-de-France">Flag of Île-de-France</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Normandie.svg/28px-Flag_of_Normandie.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Normandie.svg/42px-Flag_of_Normandie.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Normandie.svg/56px-Flag_of_Normandie.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Flag_and_coat_of_arms_of_Normandy" title="Flag and coat of arms of Normandy">Flag of Normandy</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Flag_of_Nouvelle-Aquitaine.svg/28px-Flag_of_Nouvelle-Aquitaine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Flag_of_Nouvelle-Aquitaine.svg/42px-Flag_of_Nouvelle-Aquitaine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Flag_of_Nouvelle-Aquitaine.svg/56px-Flag_of_Nouvelle-Aquitaine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> Flag of <a href="/wiki/Nouvelle-Aquitaine" title="Nouvelle-Aquitaine">Nouvelle-Aquitaine</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Flag_of_R%C3%A9gion_Occitanie_%28symbol_only%29.svg/28px-Flag_of_R%C3%A9gion_Occitanie_%28symbol_only%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Flag_of_R%C3%A9gion_Occitanie_%28symbol_only%29.svg/42px-Flag_of_R%C3%A9gion_Occitanie_%28symbol_only%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Flag_of_R%C3%A9gion_Occitanie_%28symbol_only%29.svg/56px-Flag_of_R%C3%A9gion_Occitanie_%28symbol_only%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> Flag of <a href="/wiki/Occitania_(administrative_region)" title="Occitania (administrative region)">Occitania</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Unofficial_flag_of_Pays-de-la-Loire.svg/28px-Unofficial_flag_of_Pays-de-la-Loire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Unofficial_flag_of_Pays-de-la-Loire.svg/42px-Unofficial_flag_of_Pays-de-la-Loire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Unofficial_flag_of_Pays-de-la-Loire.svg/56px-Unofficial_flag_of_Pays-de-la-Loire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="420" /></span></span> Flag of <a href="/wiki/Pays_de_la_Loire" title="Pays de la Loire">Pays de la Loire</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_Provence-Alpes-C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur.svg/28px-Flag_of_Provence-Alpes-C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_Provence-Alpes-C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur.svg/42px-Flag_of_Provence-Alpes-C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_Provence-Alpes-C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur.svg/56px-Flag_of_Provence-Alpes-C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1125" data-file-height="750" /></span></span> Flag of <a href="/wiki/Provence-Alpes-C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur" title="Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Banners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Standard_of_the_President_of_France.svg/28px-Standard_of_the_President_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Standard_of_the_President_of_France.svg/42px-Standard_of_the_President_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Standard_of_the_President_of_France.svg/56px-Standard_of_the_President_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Standard_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidential Standard of France">Presidential and Prime Minister Standard</a> (1880–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_flags#Historical_flags" title="List of French flags">Historic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_France_%28XII-XIII%29.svg/28px-Flag_of_France_%28XII-XIII%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_France_%28XII-XIII%29.svg/42px-Flag_of_France_%28XII-XIII%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_France_%28XII-XIII%29.svg/56px-Flag_of_France_%28XII-XIII%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> Flag of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">Kingdom of France</a> (12th century–13th century)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_France_%28XIV-XVI%29.svg/28px-Flag_of_France_%28XIV-XVI%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_France_%28XIV-XVI%29.svg/42px-Flag_of_France_%28XIV-XVI%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_France_%28XIV-XVI%29.svg/56px-Flag_of_France_%28XIV-XVI%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> Flag of the Kingdom of France (14th century–16th century)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Royal_flag_of_France.svg/28px-Royal_flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Royal_flag_of_France.svg/42px-Royal_flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Royal_flag_of_France.svg/56px-Royal_flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> Flag of the Kingdom of France (1365–1794)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Pavillon_royal_de_France.svg/28px-Pavillon_royal_de_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Pavillon_royal_de_France.svg/42px-Pavillon_royal_de_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Pavillon_royal_de_France.svg/56px-Pavillon_royal_de_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> Flag of the Kingdom of France (1365–1794)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_France_%281790%E2%80%931794%29.svg/28px-Flag_of_France_%281790%E2%80%931794%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_France_%281790%E2%80%931794%29.svg/42px-Flag_of_France_%281790%E2%80%931794%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_France_%281790%E2%80%931794%29.svg/56px-Flag_of_France_%281790%E2%80%931794%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> Flag of the Kingdom of France and French First Republic (1790–1794)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_France_%281814%E2%80%931830%29.svg/28px-Flag_of_France_%281814%E2%80%931830%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_France_%281814%E2%80%931830%29.svg/42px-Flag_of_France_%281814%E2%80%931830%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_France_%281814%E2%80%931830%29.svg/56px-Flag_of_France_%281814%E2%80%931830%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> Flag of the <a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Restoration_in_France" title="Bourbon Restoration in France">Bourbon Restoration</a> (1814–1830)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/28px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/42px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/56px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/King_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="King of France">Royal Standard</a> of the Kingdom of France (1365–1792)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Imperial_Standard_of_Napol%C3%A9on_I.svg/28px-Imperial_Standard_of_Napol%C3%A9on_I.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Imperial_Standard_of_Napol%C3%A9on_I.svg/42px-Imperial_Standard_of_Napol%C3%A9on_I.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Imperial_Standard_of_Napol%C3%A9on_I.svg/56px-Imperial_Standard_of_Napol%C3%A9on_I.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> Imperial Standard of <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon I">Napoleon I</a> (1804–1815)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Imperial_Standard_of_Napol%C3%A9on_III.svg/28px-Imperial_Standard_of_Napol%C3%A9on_III.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Imperial_Standard_of_Napol%C3%A9on_III.svg/42px-Imperial_Standard_of_Napol%C3%A9on_III.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Imperial_Standard_of_Napol%C3%A9on_III.svg/56px-Imperial_Standard_of_Napol%C3%A9on_III.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> Imperial Standard of <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_III" title="Napoleon III">Napoleon III</a> (1870–1873)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Imperial_Standard_of_Napol%C3%A9on_Eug%C3%A8ne_Bonaparte.svg/28px-Imperial_Standard_of_Napol%C3%A9on_Eug%C3%A8ne_Bonaparte.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Imperial_Standard_of_Napol%C3%A9on_Eug%C3%A8ne_Bonaparte.svg/42px-Imperial_Standard_of_Napol%C3%A9on_Eug%C3%A8ne_Bonaparte.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Imperial_Standard_of_Napol%C3%A9on_Eug%C3%A8ne_Bonaparte.svg/56px-Imperial_Standard_of_Napol%C3%A9on_Eug%C3%A8ne_Bonaparte.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> Imperial Standard of <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon IV">Napoleon IV</a> (1870–1873)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/French_ensigns" title="French ensigns">Ensigns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Ensign_of_France.svg/30px-Ensign_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Ensign_of_France.svg/45px-Ensign_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Ensign_of_France.svg/60px-Ensign_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> Civil ensign and <a href="/wiki/French_Navy" title="French Navy">Naval ensign</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Subnational_flags_of_France" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Subnational_flags_of_France" title="Template:Subnational flags of France"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Subnational_flags_of_France" title="Template talk:Subnational flags of France"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Subnational_flags_of_France" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Subnational flags of France"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Subnational_flags_of_France" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_flags" title="List of French flags">Subnational flags of France</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_and_coat_of_arms_of_Auvergne-Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag and coat of arms of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (page does not exist)">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_flags_of_Auvergne-Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of flags of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (page does not exist)">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Ain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Ain (page does not exist)">Ain</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Allier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Allier (page does not exist)">Allier</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Ard%C3%A8che&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Ardèche (page does not exist)">Ardèche</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Cantal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Cantal (page does not exist)">Cantal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Drôme (page does not exist)">Drôme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Haute-Savoie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Haute-Savoie (page does not exist)">Haute-Savoie</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Haute-Loire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Haute-Loire (page does not exist)">Haute-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Is%C3%A8re&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Isère (page does not exist)">Isère</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Loire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Loire (page does not exist)">Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Lyon_Metropolis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Lyon Metropolis (page does not exist)">Lyon Metropolis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Puy-de-D%C3%B4me&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Puy-de-Dôme (page does not exist)">Puy-de-Dôme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Rh%C3%B4ne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Rhône (page does not exist)">Rhône</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Savoie" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag of Savoie">Savoie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_and_coat_of_arms_of_Bourgogne-Franche-Comt%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag and coat of arms of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté (page does not exist)">Bourgogne-Franche-Comté</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_flags_of_Bourgogne-Franche-Comt%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of flags of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté (page does not exist)">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Territoire_de_Belfort&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Territoire de Belfort (page does not exist)">Territoire de Belfort</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_C%C3%B4te-d%27Or&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Côte-d'Or (page does not exist)">Côte-d'Or</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Doubs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Doubs (page does not exist)">Doubs</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Haute-Sa%C3%B4ne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Haute-Saône (page does not exist)">Haute-Saône</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Jura_(France)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Jura (France) (page does not exist)">Jura</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Ni%C3%A8vre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Nièvre (page does not exist)">Nièvre</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Sa%C3%B4ne-et-Loire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Saône-et-Loire (page does not exist)">Saône-et-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Yonne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Yonne (page does not exist)">Yonne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Brittany" title="Flag of Brittany">Brittany</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Breton_flags" title="List of Breton flags">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_C%C3%B4tes-d%27Armor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Côtes-d'Armor (page does not exist)">Côtes-d'Armor</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Finist%C3%A8re&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Finistère (page does not exist)">Finistère</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Ille-et-Vilaine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Ille-et-Vilaine (page does not exist)">Ille-et-Vilaine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Morbihan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Morbihan (page does not exist)">Morbihan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_and_coat_of_arms_of_Centre-Val_de_Loire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag and coat of arms of Centre-Val de Loire (page does not exist)">Centre-Val de Loire</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_flags_of_Centre-Val_de_Loire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of flags of Centre-Val de Loire (page does not exist)">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Cher&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Cher (page does not exist)">Cher</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Eure-et-Loir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Eure-et-Loir (page does not exist)">Eure-et-Loir</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Indre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Indre (page does not exist)">Indre</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Indre-et-Loire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Indre-et-Loire (page does not exist)">Indre-et-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Loir-et-Cher&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Loir-et-Cher (page does not exist)">Loir-et-Cher</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Loiret&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Loiret (page does not exist)">Loiret</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Flag_and_coat_of_arms_of_Corsica" title="Flag and coat of arms of Corsica">Corsica</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Corsican_flags" title="List of Corsican flags">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_and_coat_of_arms_of_Corsica" title="Flag and coat of arms of Corsica">Corse-du-Sud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_and_coat_of_arms_of_Corsica" title="Flag and coat of arms of Corsica">Haute-Corse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_and_coat_of_arms_of_Grand_Est&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag and coat of arms of Grand Est (page does not exist)">Grand Est</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_flags_of_Grand_Est&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of flags of Grand Est (page does not exist)">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Ardennes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Ardennes (page does not exist)">Ardennes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Aube&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Aube (page does not exist)">Aube</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Bas-Rhin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Bas-Rhin (page does not exist)">Bas-Rhin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Haut-Rhin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Haut-Rhin (page does not exist)">Haut-Rhin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Haute-Marne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Haute-Marne (page does not exist)">Haute-Marne</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Marne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Marne (page does not exist)">Marne</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Meurthe-et-Moselle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Meurthe-et-Moselle (page does not exist)">Meurthe-et-Moselle</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Meuse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Meuse (page does not exist)">Meuse</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Moselle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Moselle (page does not exist)">Moselle</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Vosges&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Vosges (page does not exist)">Vosges</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_and_coat_of_arms_of_Hauts-de-France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag and coat of arms of Hauts-de-France (page does not exist)">Hauts-de-France</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_flags_of_Hauts-de-France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of flags of Hauts-de-France (page does not exist)">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Aisne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Aisne (page does not exist)">Aisne</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Nord&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Nord (page does not exist)">Nord</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Oise&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Oise (page does not exist)">Oise</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Pas-de-Calais&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Pas-de-Calais (page does not exist)">Pas-de-Calais</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Somme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Somme (page does not exist)">Somme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Flag_and_coat_of_arms_of_%C3%8Ele-de-France" title="Flag and coat of arms of Île-de-France">Île-de-France</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_flags_of_%C3%8Ele-de-France" title="List of flags of Île-de-France">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Essonne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Essonne (page does not exist)">Essonne</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Hauts-de-Seine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Hauts-de-Seine (page does not exist)">Hauts-de-Seine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Paris" title="Flag of Paris">Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Seine-et-Marne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Seine-et-Marne (page does not exist)">Seine-et-Marne</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Seine-Saint-Denis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Seine-Saint-Denis (page does not exist)">Seine-Saint-Denis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Val-de-Marne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Val-de-Marne (page does not exist)">Val-de-Marne</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Val-d%27Oise&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Val-d'Oise (page does not exist)">Val-d'Oise</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Yvelines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Yvelines (page does not exist)">Yvelines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Flag_and_coat_of_arms_of_Normandy" title="Flag and coat of arms of Normandy">Normandy</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_flags_of_Normandy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of flags of Normandy (page does not exist)">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Calvados&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Calvados (page does not exist)">Calvados</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Eure&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Eure (page does not exist)">Eure</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Manche&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Manche (page does not exist)">Manche</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Orne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Orne (page does not exist)">Orne</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Seine-Maritime&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Seine-Maritime (page does not exist)">Seine-Maritime</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_and_coat_of_arms_of_Nouvelle-Aquitaine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag and coat of arms of Nouvelle-Aquitaine (page does not exist)">Nouvelle-Aquitaine</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Nouvelle-Aquitanian_flags&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Nouvelle-Aquitanian flags (page does not exist)">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Charente&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Charente (page does not exist)">Charente</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Charente-Maritime&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Charente-Maritime (page does not exist)">Charente-Maritime</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Corr%C3%A8ze&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Corrèze (page does not exist)">Corrèze</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Creuse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Creuse (page does not exist)">Creuse</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Deux-S%C3%A8vres&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Deux-Sèvres (page does not exist)">Deux-Sèvres</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Dordogne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Dordogne (page does not exist)">Dordogne</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Gironde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Gironde (page does not exist)">Gironde</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Haute-Vienne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Haute-Vienne (page does not exist)">Haute-Vienne</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Landes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Landes (page does not exist)">Landes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Lot-et-Garonne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Lot-et-Garonne (page does not exist)">Lot-et-Garonne</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Atlantiques&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Pyrénées-Atlantiques (page does not exist)">Pyrénées-Atlantiques</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Vienne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Vienne (page does not exist)">Vienne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_and_coat_of_arms_of_Occitanie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag and coat of arms of Occitanie (page does not exist)">Occitanie</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Occitan_flags" title="List of Occitan flags">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Ari%C3%A8ge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Ariège (page does not exist)">Ariège</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Aude&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Aude (page does not exist)">Aude</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Aveyron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Aveyron (page does not exist)">Aveyron</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Gard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Gard (page does not exist)">Gard</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Gers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Gers (page does not exist)">Gers</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Haute-Garonne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Haute-Garonne (page does not exist)">Haute-Garonne</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Haute-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Haute-Pyrénées (page does not exist)">Haute-Pyrénées</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_H%C3%A9rault&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Hérault (page does not exist)">Hérault</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Lot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Lot (page does not exist)">Lot</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Loz%C3%A8re&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Lozère (page does not exist)">Lozère</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Orientales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Pyrénées-Orientales (page does not exist)">Pyrénées-Orientales</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Tarn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Tarn (page does not exist)">Tarn</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Tarn-et-Garonne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Tarn-et-Garonne (page does not exist)">Tarn-et-Garonne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_and_coat_of_arms_of_Pays_de_la_Loire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag and coat of arms of Pays de la Loire (page does not exist)">Pays de la Loire</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_flags_of_Pays_de_la_Loire" title="List of flags of Pays de la Loire">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Loire-Atlantique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Loire-Atlantique (page does not exist)">Loire-Atlantique</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Maine-et-Loire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Maine-et-Loire (page does not exist)">Maine-et-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Mayenne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Mayenne (page does not exist)">Mayenne</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Sarthe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Sarthe (page does not exist)">Sarthe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Vend%C3%A9e" title="Flag of Vendée">Vendée</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_and_coat_of_arms_of_Provence-Alpes-C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag and coat of arms of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (page does not exist)">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_flags_of_Provence-Alpes-C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of flags of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (page does not exist)">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Alpes-de-Haute-Provence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Alpes-de-Haute-Provence (page does not exist)">Alpes-de-Haute-Provence</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Alpes-Maritimes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Alpes-Maritimes (page does not exist)">Alpes-Maritimes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Bouches-du-Rh%C3%B4ne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Bouches-du-Rhône (page does not exist)">Bouches-du-Rhône</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Hautes-Alpes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Hautes-Alpes (page does not exist)">Hautes-Alpes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Var&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Var (page does not exist)">Var</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Vaucluse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Vaucluse (page does not exist)">Vaucluse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="French_Revolution" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:French_Revolution" title="Template:French Revolution"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:French_Revolution" title="Template talk:French Revolution"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:French_Revolution" title="Special:EditPage/Template:French Revolution"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="French_Revolution" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Causes_of_the_French_Revolution" title="Causes of the French Revolution">Causes</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_French_Revolution" title="Timeline of the French Revolution">Timeline</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ancien_R%C3%A9gime" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancien Régime">Ancien Régime</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">Revolution</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France_(1791%E2%80%9392)" title="Kingdom of France (1791–92)">Constitutional monarchy</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/French_First_Republic" title="French First Republic">Republic</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/French_Directory" title="French Directory">Directory</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/French_Consulate" title="French Consulate">Consulate</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_the_French_Revolution" title="Glossary of the French Revolution">Glossary</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_journals_appearing_under_the_French_Revolution" title="List of journals appearing under the French Revolution">Journals</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_de_la_R%C3%A9volution_fran%C3%A7aise" title="Musée de la Révolution française">Museum</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div id="Significant_civil_and_political_events_by_year" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Significant civil and political events by year</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1788</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Day_of_the_Tiles" title="Day of the Tiles">Day of the Tiles</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(7 Jun 1788)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Vizille" title="Assembly of Vizille">Assembly of Vizille</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(21 Jul 1788)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1789</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/What_Is_the_Third_Estate%3F" title="What Is the Third Estate?">What Is the Third Estate?</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Jan 1789)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9veillon_riots" title="Réveillon riots">Réveillon riots</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(28 Apr 1789)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estates_General_of_1789" title="Estates General of 1789">Convocation of the Estates General</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(5 May 1789)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Joseph,_Dauphin_of_France#Illness" title="Louis Joseph, Dauphin of France">Death of the Dauphin</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(4 June 1789)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(French_Revolution)" title="National Assembly (French Revolution)">National Assembly</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(17 Jun – 9 Jul 1790)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennis_Court_Oath" title="Tennis Court Oath">Tennis Court Oath</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(20 Jun 1789)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Constituent_Assembly_(France)" title="National Constituent Assembly (France)">National Constituent Assembly</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(9 Jul – 30 Sep 1791)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storming_of_the_Bastille" title="Storming of the Bastille">Storming of the Bastille</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(14 Jul 1789)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Fear" title="Great Fear">Great Fear</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(20 Jul – 5 Aug 1789)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abolition_of_feudalism_in_France" title="Abolition of feudalism in France">Abolition of Feudalism</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(4–11 Aug 1789)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen" title="Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen">Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(26 Aug 1789)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_March_on_Versailles" title="Women's March on Versailles">Women's March on Versailles</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(5 Oct 1789)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biens_nationaux" title="Biens nationaux">Nationalization of the Church properties</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2 Nov 1789)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1790</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parlement#Abolition" title="Parlement">Abolition of the Parlements</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Feb–Jul 1790)</span></li> <li>Abolition of the <a href="/wiki/French_nobility#The_abolition_of_privileges_during_the_French_Revolution" title="French nobility">Nobility</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(23 Jun 1790)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Constitution_of_the_Clergy" title="Civil Constitution of the Clergy">Civil Constitution of the Clergy</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(12 Jul 1790)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/F%C3%AAte_de_la_F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration" title="Fête de la Fédération">Fête de la Fédération</a></i> <small>(14 Jul 1790)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1791</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flight_to_Varennes" title="Flight to Varennes">Flight to Varennes</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(20–21 Jun 1791)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champ_de_Mars_massacre" title="Champ de Mars massacre">Champ de Mars massacre</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(17 Jul 1791)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_Pillnitz" title="Declaration of Pillnitz">Declaration of Pillnitz</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(27 Aug 1791)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Constitution_of_1791" title="French Constitution of 1791">The Constitution of 1791</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(3 Sep 1791)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_(France)" title="Legislative Assembly (France)">National Legislative Assembly</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1 Oct 1791 – Sep 1792)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1792</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_First_Coalition" title="War of the First Coalition">France declares war</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(20 Apr 1792)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunswick_Manifesto" title="Brunswick Manifesto">Brunswick Manifesto</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(25 Jul 1792)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Commune_(1789%E2%80%931795)" title="Paris Commune (1789–1795)">Paris Commune becomes insurrectionary</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Jun 1792)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurrection_of_10_August_1792" title="Insurrection of 10 August 1792">10th of August</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(10 Aug 1792)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_Massacres" title="September Massacres">September Massacres</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Sep 1792)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Convention" title="National Convention">National Convention</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(20 Sep 1792 – 26 Oct 1795)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_First_Republic" title="French First Republic">First republic declared</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(22 Sep 1792)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1793</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Execution_of_Louis_XVI" title="Execution of Louis XVI">Execution of Louis XVI</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(21 Jan 1793)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Tribunal" title="Revolutionary Tribunal">Revolutionary Tribunal</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(9 Mar 1793 – 31 May 1795)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reign_of_Terror" title="Reign of Terror">Reign of Terror</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(27 Jun 1793 – 27 Jul 1794)</span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Public_Safety" title="Committee of Public Safety">Committee of Public Safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_of_General_Security" title="Committee of General Security">Committee of General Security</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793" title="Insurrection of 31 May – 2 June 1793">Fall of the Girondists</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2 Jun 1793)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Marat#Death" title="Jean-Paul Marat">Assassination of Marat</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(13 Jul 1793)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lev%C3%A9e_en_masse" title="Levée en masse">Levée en masse</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(23 Aug 1793)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Death_of_Marat" title="The Death of Marat">The Death of Marat</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(painting)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Suspects" title="Law of Suspects">Law of Suspects</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(17 Sep 1793)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Antoinette#Trial_and_execution_(14–16_October_1793)" title="Marie Antoinette">Marie Antoinette is guillotined</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(16 Oct 1793)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dechristianization_of_France_during_the_French_Revolution#The_Revolution_and_the_Church" title="Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution">Anti-clerical laws</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(throughout the year)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1794</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Danton#Life" title="Georges Danton">Danton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Camille_Desmoulins#Trial_and_execution" title="Camille Desmoulins">Desmoulins guillotined</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(5 Apr 1794)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_22_Prairial" title="Law of 22 Prairial">Law of 22 Prairial</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(10 Jun 1794)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermidorian_Reaction" title="Thermidorian Reaction">Thermidorian Reaction</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(27 Jul 1794)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilien_Robespierre" title="Maximilien Robespierre">Robespierre</a> guillotined <span style="font-size:85%;">(28 Jul 1794)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_White_Terror" title="First White Terror">White Terror</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Fall 1794)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacobins#Fall_from_power" title="Jacobins">Closing of the Jacobin Club</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(11 Nov 1794)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1795–6</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Insurrection_of_12_Germinal_Year_III" title="Insurrection of 12 Germinal Year III">Insurrection of 12 Germinal Year III</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1 Apr 1795)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Year_III" title="Constitution of the Year III">Constitution of the Year III</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(22 Aug 1795)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Directory" title="French Directory">Directoire</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1795–99)</span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Five_Hundred" title="Council of Five Hundred">Council of Five Hundred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ancients" title="Council of Ancients">Council of Ancients</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13_Vend%C3%A9miaire" title="13 Vendémiaire">13 Vendémiaire</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">5 Oct 1795</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_of_the_Equals" title="Conspiracy of the Equals">Conspiracy of the Equals</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(May 1796)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1797</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coup_of_18_Fructidor" title="Coup of 18 Fructidor">Coup of 18 Fructidor</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(4 Sep 1797)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Congress_of_Rastatt" title="Second Congress of Rastatt">Second Congress of Rastatt</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Dec 1797)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1798</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_22_Flor%C3%A9al_Year_VI" title="Law of 22 Floréal Year VI">Law of 22 Floréal Year VI</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(11 May 1798)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1799</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coup_of_30_Prairial_VII" title="Coup of 30 Prairial VII">Coup of 30 Prairial VII</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(18 Jun 1799)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coup_of_18_Brumaire" title="Coup of 18 Brumaire">Coup of 18 Brumaire</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(9 Nov 1799)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Year_VIII" title="Constitution of the Year VIII">Constitution of the Year VIII</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(24 Dec 1799)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Consulate" title="French Consulate">Consulate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div id="Revolutionary_campaigns" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Revolutionary campaigns</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Campaigns_of_1792_in_the_French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="Campaigns of 1792 in the French Revolutionary Wars">1792</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Verdun_(1792)" title="Battle of Verdun (1792)">Verdun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Thionville_(1792)" title="Siege of Thionville (1792)">Thionville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Valmy" title="Battle of Valmy">Valmy</a></li> <li>Royalist Revolts <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chouannerie" title="Chouannerie">Chouannerie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_the_Vend%C3%A9e" title="War in the Vendée">Vendée</a></li> <li>Dauphiné</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Column_of_the_Goddess" title="Column of the Goddess">Lille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Mainz_(1792)" title="Siege of Mainz (1792)">Siege of Mainz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jemappes" title="Battle of Jemappes">Jemappes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Namur_(1792)" title="Siege of Namur (1792)">Namur</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%C3%A8ge_de_Namur_(1792)" class="extiw" title="fr:Siège de Namur (1792)">fr</a>]</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Campaigns_of_1793_in_the_French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="Campaigns of 1793 in the French Revolutionary Wars">1793</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_First_Coalition" title="War of the First Coalition">First Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_the_Vend%C3%A9e" title="War in the Vendée">War in the Vendée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Neerwinden_(1793)" title="Battle of Neerwinden (1793)">Battle of Neerwinden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Famars" title="Battle of Famars">Battle of Famars</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(23 May 1793)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_expedition_to_Sardinia" title="French expedition to Sardinia">Expedition to Sardinia</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(21 Dec 1792 - 25 May 1793)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kaiserslautern" title="Battle of Kaiserslautern">Battle of Kaiserslautern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Mainz_(1793)" title="Siege of Mainz (1793)">Siege of Mainz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wattignies" title="Battle of Wattignies">Battle of Wattignies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hondschoote" title="Battle of Hondschoote">Battle of Hondschoote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Bellegarde_(1793)" title="Siege of Bellegarde (1793)">Siege of Bellegarde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Peyrestortes" title="Battle of Peyrestortes">Battle of Peyrestortes (Pyrenees)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Toulon" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Toulon">Siege of Toulon</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(18 Sep – 18 Dec 1793)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Wissembourg_(1793)" class="mw-redirect" title="First Battle of Wissembourg (1793)">First Battle of Wissembourg</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(13 Oct 1793)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Truillas" title="Battle of Truillas">Battle of Truillas (Pyrenees)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Wissembourg_(1793)" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Battle of Wissembourg (1793)">Second Battle of Wissembourg</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(26–27 Dec 1793)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Campaigns_of_1794_in_the_French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="Campaigns of 1794 in the French Revolutionary Wars">1794</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Villers-en-Cauchies" title="Battle of Villers-en-Cauchies">Battle of Villers-en-Cauchies</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(24 Apr 1794)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Boulou" title="Second Battle of Boulou">Second Battle of Boulou</a> (Pyrenees) <span style="font-size:85%;">(30 Apr – 1 May 1794)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tourcoing" title="Battle of Tourcoing">Battle of Tourcoing</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(18 May 1794)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tournay_(1794)" title="Battle of Tournay (1794)">Battle of Tournay</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(22 May 1794)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glorious_First_of_June" title="Glorious First of June">Glorious First of June</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1 Jun 1794)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fleurus_(1794)" title="Battle of Fleurus (1794)">Battle of Fleurus</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(26 Jun 1794)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chouannerie" title="Chouannerie">Chouannerie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aldenhoven_(1794)" title="Battle of Aldenhoven (1794)">Battle of Aldenhoven</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2 Oct 1794)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Luxembourg_(1794-95)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Luxembourg (1794-95)">Siege of Luxembourg</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(22 Nov 1794 - 7 Jun 1795)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Campaigns_of_1795_in_the_French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="Campaigns of 1795 in the French Revolutionary Wars">1795</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Luxembourg_(1794-95)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Luxembourg (1794-95)">Siege of Luxembourg</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(22 Nov 1794 - 7 Jun 1795)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Basel" title="Peace of Basel">Peace of Basel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Campaigns_of_1796_in_the_French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="Campaigns of 1796 in the French Revolutionary Wars">1796</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Campaign_of_1796%E2%80%931797" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Campaign of 1796–1797">Italian campaign</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1796)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lonato" title="Battle of Lonato">Battle of Lonato</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(3–4 Aug 1796)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Castiglione" title="Battle of Castiglione">Battle of Castiglione</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(5 Aug 1796)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Theiningen" title="Battle of Theiningen">Battle of Theiningen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Neresheim" title="Battle of Neresheim">Battle of Neresheim</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(11 Aug 1796)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Amberg" title="Battle of Amberg">Battle of Amberg</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(24 Aug 1796)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_W%C3%BCrzburg" title="Battle of Würzburg">Battle of Würzburg</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(3 Sep 1796)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rovereto" title="Battle of Rovereto">Battle of Rovereto</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(4 Sep 1796)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bassano" title="Battle of Bassano">First Battle of Bassano</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(8 Sep 1796)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Emmendingen" title="Battle of Emmendingen">Battle of Emmendingen</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(19 Oct 1796)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Schliengen" title="Battle of Schliengen">Battle of Schliengen</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(26 Oct 1796)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Bassano" title="Second Battle of Bassano">Second Battle of Bassano</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(6 Nov 1796)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Calliano" title="Battle of Calliano">Battle of Calliano</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(6–7 Nov 1796)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arcole" title="Battle of Arcole">Battle of Arcole</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(15–17 Nov 1796)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_expedition_to_Ireland_(1796)" title="French expedition to Ireland (1796)">Ireland expedition</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Dec 1796)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Campaigns_of_1797_in_the_French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="Campaigns of 1797 in the French Revolutionary Wars">1797</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Campaign_of_1796-1797" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Campaign of 1796-1797">Italian campaign</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1797)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_13_January_1797" title="Action of 13 January 1797">Naval Engagement off Brittany</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(13 Jan 1797)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rivoli" title="Battle of Rivoli">Battle of Rivoli</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(14–15 Jan 1797)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_25_January_1797" title="Action of 25 January 1797">Battle of the Bay of Cádiz</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(25 Jan 1797)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Leoben" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Leoben">Treaty of Leoben</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(17 Apr 1797)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Neuwied_(1797)" title="Battle of Neuwied (1797)">Battle of Neuwied</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(18 Apr 1797)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Campo_Formio" title="Treaty of Campo Formio">Treaty of Campo Formio</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(17 Oct 1797)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Campaigns_of_1798_in_the_French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="Campaigns of 1798 in the French Revolutionary Wars">1798</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_invasion_of_Switzerland" title="French invasion of Switzerland">French invasion of Switzerland</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(28 January – 17 May 1798)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_campaign_in_Egypt_and_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="French campaign in Egypt and Syria">French Invasion of Egypt</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1798–1801)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Rebellion_of_1798#French_landing" title="Irish Rebellion of 1798">Irish Rebellion of 1798</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(23 May – 23 Sep 1798)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quasi-War" title="Quasi-War">Quasi-War</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1798–1800)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peasants%27_War_(1798)" title="Peasants' War (1798)">Peasants' War</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(12 Oct – 5 Dec 1798)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Campaigns_of_1799_in_the_French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="Campaigns of 1799 in the French Revolutionary Wars">1799</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Second_Coalition" title="War of the Second Coalition">Second Coalition</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1798–1802)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Acre_(1799)" title="Siege of Acre (1799)">Siege of Acre</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(20 Mar – 21 May 1799)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ostrach" title="Battle of Ostrach">Battle of Ostrach</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(20–21 Mar 1799)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stockach_(1799)" title="Battle of Stockach (1799)">Battle of Stockach</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(25 Mar 1799)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Magnano" title="Battle of Magnano">Battle of Magnano</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(5 Apr 1799)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cassano_(1799)" title="Battle of Cassano (1799)">Battle of Cassano</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(27–28 Apr 1799)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Zurich" title="First Battle of Zurich">First Battle of Zurich</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(4–7 Jun 1799)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Trebbia_(1799)" title="Battle of Trebbia (1799)">Battle of Trebbia</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(17–20 Jun 1799)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Novi_(1799)" title="Battle of Novi (1799)">Battle of Novi</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(15 Aug 1799)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Zurich" title="Second Battle of Zurich">Second Battle of Zurich</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(25–26 Sep 1799)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Campaigns_of_1800_in_the_French_Revolutionary_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Campaigns of 1800 in the French Revolutionary Wars">1800</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Marengo" title="Battle of Marengo">Battle of Marengo</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(14 Jun 1800)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_of_Alessandria" title="Convention of Alessandria">Convention of Alessandria</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(15 Jun 1800)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hohenlinden" title="Battle of Hohenlinden">Battle of Hohenlinden</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(3 Dec 1800)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_League_of_Armed_Neutrality" title="Second League of Armed Neutrality">League of Armed Neutrality</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1800–02)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Campaigns_of_1801_in_the_French_Revolutionary_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Campaigns of 1801 in the French Revolutionary Wars">1801</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lun%C3%A9ville" title="Treaty of Lunéville">Treaty of Lunéville</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(9 Feb 1801)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Florence" title="Treaty of Florence">Treaty of Florence</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(18 Mar 1801)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algeciras_campaign" title="Algeciras campaign">Algeciras campaign</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(8 Jul 1801)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1802</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Amiens" title="Treaty of Amiens">Treaty of Amiens</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(25 Mar 1802)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1802)" title="Treaty of Paris (1802)">Treaty of Paris</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(25 Jun 1802)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div id="Military_leaders" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Military leaders</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/French_First_Republic" title="French First Republic"><img alt="French First Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_France_official.svg/23px-Flag_of_France_official.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_France_official.svg/35px-Flag_of_France_official.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_France_official.svg/45px-Flag_of_France_official.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/French_First_Republic" title="French First Republic">France</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/French_Revolutionary_Army" title="French Revolutionary Army">French Army</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eustache_Charles_d%27Aoust" title="Eustache Charles d'Aoust">Eustache Charles d'Aoust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Augereau" class="mw-redirect" title="Pierre Augereau">Pierre Augereau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_de_Beauharnais" title="Alexandre de Beauharnais">Alexandre de Beauharnais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_XIV_John" title="Charles XIV John">Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Alexandre_Berthier" title="Louis-Alexandre Berthier">Louis-Alexandre Berthier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Bessi%C3%A8res" title="Jean-Baptiste Bessières">Jean-Baptiste Bessières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoléon Bonaparte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Brune" title="Guillaume Brune">Guillaume Brune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Fran%C3%A7ois_Carteaux" title="Jean François Carteaux">Jean François Carteaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-%C3%89tienne_Championnet" title="Jean-Étienne Championnet">Jean-Étienne Championnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Bertin_Gaston_Chapuis_de_Tourville" title="Charles Bertin Gaston Chapuis de Tourville">Chapuis de Tourville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Philippe,_Comte_de_Custine" title="Adam Philippe, Comte de Custine">Adam Philippe, Comte de Custine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Nicolas_Davout" title="Louis-Nicolas Davout">Louis-Nicolas Davout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Desaix" title="Louis Desaix">Louis Desaix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Fran%C3%A7ois_Dugommier" title="Jacques François Dugommier">Jacques François Dugommier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas-Alexandre_Dumas" title="Thomas-Alexandre Dumas">Thomas-Alexandre Dumas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Fran%C3%A7ois_Dumouriez" title="Charles François Dumouriez">Charles François Dumouriez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Marie_Barth%C3%A9lemy_Ferino" title="Pierre Marie Barthélemy Ferino">Pierre Marie Barthélemy Ferino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Charles_de_Flers" title="Louis-Charles de Flers">Louis-Charles de Flers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Grenier" title="Paul Grenier">Paul Grenier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_de_Grouchy,_marquis_de_Grouchy" title="Emmanuel de Grouchy, marquis de Grouchy">Emmanuel de Grouchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Maurice_Hatry" title="Jacques Maurice Hatry">Jacques Maurice Hatry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazare_Hoche" title="Lazare Hoche">Lazare Hoche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Jourdan" title="Jean-Baptiste Jourdan">Jean-Baptiste Jourdan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Christophe_de_Kellermann" title="François Christophe de Kellermann">François Christophe de Kellermann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Kl%C3%A9ber" title="Jean-Baptiste Kléber">Jean-Baptiste Kléber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Choderlos_de_Laclos" title="Pierre Choderlos de Laclos">Pierre Choderlos de Laclos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Lannes" title="Jean Lannes">Jean Lannes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Leclerc_(general,_born_1772)" title="Charles Leclerc (general, born 1772)">Charles Leclerc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Lecourbe" title="Claude Lecourbe">Claude Lecourbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Joseph_Lefebvre" title="François Joseph Lefebvre">François Joseph Lefebvre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Macdonald" title="Étienne Macdonald">Étienne Macdonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Antoine_Marbot" title="Jean-Antoine Marbot">Jean-Antoine Marbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcellin_Marbot" title="Marcellin Marbot">Marcellin Marbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_S%C3%A9verin_Marceau" title="François Séverin Marceau">François Séverin Marceau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auguste_de_Marmont" title="Auguste de Marmont">Auguste de Marmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Mass%C3%A9na" title="André Masséna">André Masséna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bon-Adrien_Jeannot_de_Moncey" title="Bon-Adrien Jeannot de Moncey">Bon-Adrien Jeannot de Moncey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Victor_Marie_Moreau" title="Jean Victor Marie Moreau">Jean Victor Marie Moreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Mortier,_Duke_of_Tr%C3%A9vise" class="mw-redirect" title="Édouard Mortier, Duke of Trévise">Édouard Mortier, Duke of Trévise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_Murat" title="Joachim Murat">Joachim Murat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Ney" title="Michel Ney">Michel Ney</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre-Jacques_Osten&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre-Jacques Osten (page does not exist)">Pierre-Jacques Osten</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre-Jacques_Osten" class="extiw" title="fr:Pierre-Jacques Osten">fr</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Oudinot" title="Nicolas Oudinot">Nicolas Oudinot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine-Dominique_de_P%C3%A9rignon" title="Catherine-Dominique de Pérignon">Catherine-Dominique de Pérignon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Charles_Pichegru" title="Jean-Charles Pichegru">Jean-Charles Pichegru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Poniatowski" title="Józef Poniatowski">Józef Poniatowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurent_de_Gouvion_Saint-Cyr" title="Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr">Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barth%C3%A9lemy_Louis_Joseph_Sch%C3%A9rer" title="Barthélemy Louis Joseph Schérer">Barthélemy Louis Joseph Schérer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Mathieu-Philibert_S%C3%A9rurier" title="Jean-Mathieu-Philibert Sérurier">Jean-Mathieu-Philibert Sérurier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Souham" title="Joseph Souham">Joseph Souham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-de-Dieu_Soult" title="Jean-de-Dieu Soult">Jean-de-Dieu Soult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Gabriel_Suchet" title="Louis-Gabriel Suchet">Louis-Gabriel Suchet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude-Henri_Belgrand_de_Vaubois" title="Claude-Henri Belgrand de Vaubois">Belgrand de Vaubois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude-Victor_Perrin" title="Claude-Victor Perrin">Claude Victor-Perrin, Duc de Belluno</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/French_Navy#18th_century" title="French Navy">French Navy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles-Alexandre_L%C3%A9on_Durand_Linois" title="Charles-Alexandre Léon Durand Linois">Charles-Alexandre Linois</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Coalition_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Coalition Wars">Opposition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire"><img alt="Austrian Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zsef_Alvinczi" title="József Alvinczi">József Alvinczi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Charles,_Duke_of_Teschen" title="Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen">Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_S%C3%A9bastien_Charles_Joseph_de_Croix,_Count_of_Clerfayt" title="François Sébastien Charles Joseph de Croix, Count of Clerfayt">Count of Clerfayt <span style="font-size:85%;">(Walloon)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Aloys_zu_F%C3%BCrstenberg" title="Karl Aloys zu Fürstenberg">Karl Aloys zu Fürstenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Freiherr_von_Hotze" title="Friedrich Freiherr von Hotze">Friedrich Freiherr von Hotze <span style="font-size:85%;">(Swiss)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Adolf,_Count_von_Kalckreuth" title="Friedrich Adolf, Count von Kalckreuth">Friedrich Adolf, Count von Kalckreuth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Kray" title="Paul Kray">Pál Kray <span style="font-size:85%;">(Hungarian)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Eugene,_Prince_of_Lambesc" title="Charles Eugene, Prince of Lambesc">Charles Eugene, Prince of Lambesc <span style="font-size:85%;">(French)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_Anton_Karl,_Count_Baillet_de_Latour" title="Maximilian Anton Karl, Count Baillet de Latour">Maximilian Baillet de Latour <span style="font-size:85%;">(Walloon)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Mack_von_Leiberich" title="Karl Mack von Leiberich">Karl Mack von Leiberich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Ritter_von_Otto" title="Rudolf Ritter von Otto">Rudolf Ritter von Otto <span style="font-size:85%;">(Saxon)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Josias_of_Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld" title="Prince Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld">Prince Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Vitus_von_Quosdanovich" title="Peter Vitus von Quosdanovich">Peter Vitus von Quosdanovich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Heinrich_XV_of_Reuss-Plauen" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Heinrich XV of Reuss-Plauen">Prince Heinrich XV of Reuss-Plauen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_M%C3%A9sz%C3%A1ros_von_Szoboszl%C3%B3" title="Johann Mészáros von Szoboszló">Johann Mészáros von Szoboszló <span style="font-size:85%;">(Hungarian)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Philipp_Sebottendorf" title="Karl Philipp Sebottendorf">Karl Philipp Sebottendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dagobert_Sigmund_von_Wurmser" title="Dagobert Sigmund von Wurmser">Dagobert von Wurmser</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain"><img alt="Kingdom of Great Britain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Britain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sir" title="Sir">Sir</a> <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Abercromby" title="Ralph Abercromby">Ralph Abercromby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Saumarez,_1st_Baron_de_Saumarez" title="James Saumarez, 1st Baron de Saumarez">James Saumarez, 1st Baron de Saumarez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Pellew,_1st_Viscount_Exmouth" title="Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth">Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Frederick,_Duke_of_York_and_Albany" title="Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany">Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic"><img alt="Dutch Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Statenvlag.svg/23px-Statenvlag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Statenvlag.svg/35px-Statenvlag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Statenvlag.svg/45px-Statenvlag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Netherlands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_V,_Prince_of_Orange" title="William V, Prince of Orange">William V, Prince of Orange</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia"><img alt="Kingdom of Prussia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Prussia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_William_Ferdinand,_Duke_of_Brunswick" title="Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick">Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Louis,_Prince_of_Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick Louis, Prince of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen">Frederick Louis, Prince of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire"><img alt="Russian Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Korsakov" title="Alexander Korsakov">Alexander Korsakov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Suvorov" title="Alexander Suvorov">Alexander Suvorov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Rosenberg" title="Andrei Rosenberg">Andrei Rosenberg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/History_of_Spain_(1700%E2%80%931810)#Charles_IV,_decline_and_fall_(1788–1808)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Spain (1700–1810)">Spain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Firm%C3%ADn_de_Carvajal,_Conde_de_la_Uni%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Luis Firmín de Carvajal, Conde de la Unión">Luis Firmin de Carvajal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Ricardos" title="Antonio Ricardos">Antonio Ricardos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div id="Other_significant_figures_and_factions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other significant figures and factions</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Patriotic_Society_of_1789" title="Patriotic Society of 1789">Patriotic Society of 1789</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Sylvain_Bailly" title="Jean Sylvain Bailly">Jean Sylvain Bailly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_du_Motier,_Marquis_de_Lafayette" title="Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette">Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Alexandre_Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric,_duc_de_la_Rochefoucauld-Liancourt" class="mw-redirect" title="François Alexandre Frédéric, duc de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt">François Alexandre Frédéric, duc de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Ren%C3%A9_Guy_le_Chapelier" title="Isaac René Guy le Chapelier">Isaac René Guy le Chapelier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honor%C3%A9_Gabriel_Riqueti,_comte_de_Mirabeau" title="Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau">Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Joseph_Siey%C3%A8s" title="Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès">Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Maurice_de_Talleyrand-P%C3%A9rigord" title="Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord">Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquis_de_Condorcet" title="Marquis de Condorcet">Nicolas de Condorcet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Feuillant_(political_group)" title="Feuillant (political group)">Feuillants</a><br />and <i><a href="/wiki/Club_de_Clichy" title="Club de Clichy">monarchiens</a></i></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Elliott" title="Grace Elliott">Grace Elliott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnaud_II_de_La_Porte" title="Arnaud II de La Porte">Arnaud de La Porte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Sifrein_Maury" title="Jean-Sifrein Maury">Jean-Sifrein Maury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Marie,_marquis_de_Barth%C3%A9lemy" title="François-Marie, marquis de Barthélemy">François-Marie, marquis de Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume-Mathieu_Dumas" title="Guillaume-Mathieu Dumas">Guillaume-Mathieu Dumas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Barnave" title="Antoine Barnave">Antoine Barnave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_du_Motier,_Marquis_de_Lafayette" title="Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette">Lafayette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre-Th%C3%A9odore-Victor,_comte_de_Lameth" title="Alexandre-Théodore-Victor, comte de Lameth">Alexandre-Théodore-Victor, comte de Lameth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Malo_Fran%C3%A7ois_Lameth" title="Charles Malo François Lameth">Charles Malo François Lameth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Ch%C3%A9nier" title="André Chénier">André Chénier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Rewbell" title="Jean-François Rewbell">Jean-François Rewbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camille_Jordan_(politician)" title="Camille Jordan (politician)">Camille Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germaine_de_Sta%C3%ABl" title="Germaine de Staël">Madame de Staël</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Antoine_de_Boissy_d%27Anglas" title="François Antoine de Boissy d'Anglas">Boissy d'Anglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Charles_Pichegru" title="Jean-Charles Pichegru">Jean-Charles Pichegru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Paul_Royer-Collard" title="Pierre Paul Royer-Collard">Pierre Paul Royer-Collard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Bar%C3%A8re" title="Bertrand Barère">Bertrand Barère de Vieuzac</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Girondins" title="Girondins">Girondins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Pierre_Brissot" title="Jacques Pierre Brissot">Jacques Pierre Brissot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Roland_de_la_Plati%C3%A8re" title="Jean-Marie Roland de la Platière">Jean-Marie Roland de la Platière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madame_Roland" title="Madame Roland">Madame Roland</a></li> <li>Father <a href="/wiki/Henri_Gr%C3%A9goire" title="Henri Grégoire">Henri Grégoire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Clavi%C3%A8re" title="Étienne Clavière">Étienne Clavière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquis_de_Condorcet" title="Marquis de Condorcet">Marquis de Condorcet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Corday" title="Charlotte Corday">Charlotte Corday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie-Jean_H%C3%A9rault_de_S%C3%A9chelles" title="Marie-Jean Hérault de Séchelles">Marie Jean Hérault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Treilhard" title="Jean Baptiste Treilhard">Jean Baptiste Treilhard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Victurnien_Vergniaud" title="Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud">Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_P%C3%A9tion_de_Villeneuve" title="Jérôme Pétion de Villeneuve">Jérôme Pétion de Villeneuve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Debry" title="Jean Debry">Jean Debry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympe_de_Gouges" title="Olympe de Gouges">Olympe de Gouges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Robert_Lindet" title="Jean-Baptiste Robert Lindet">Jean-Baptiste Robert Lindet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Marie_de_La_R%C3%A9velli%C3%A8re-L%C3%A9peaux" title="Louis Marie de La Révellière-Lépeaux">Louis Marie de La Révellière-Lépeaux</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/The_Plain" title="The Plain">The Plain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Joseph_Siey%C3%A8s" title="Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès">Abbé Sieyès</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Jacques_R%C3%A9gis_de_Cambac%C3%A9r%C3%A8s" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean Jacques Régis de Cambacérès">de Cambacérès</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles-Fran%C3%A7ois_Lebrun" title="Charles-François Lebrun">Charles-François Lebrun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Joseph_Cambon" title="Pierre-Joseph Cambon">Pierre-Joseph Cambon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Bar%C3%A8re" title="Bertrand Barère">Bertrand Barère</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazare_Carnot" title="Lazare Carnot">Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Philippe_II,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans">Philippe Égalité</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Philippe_I" title="Louis Philippe I">Louis Philippe I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honor%C3%A9_Gabriel_Riqueti,_comte_de_Mirabeau" title="Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau">Mirabeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Christophe_Merlin" title="Antoine Christophe Merlin">Antoine Christophe Merlin de Thionville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Joseph_Mounier" title="Jean Joseph Mounier">Jean Joseph Mounier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Samuel_du_Pont_de_Nemours" title="Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours">Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Neufch%C3%A2teau" class="mw-redirect" title="François de Neufchâteau">François de Neufchâteau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/The_Mountain" title="The Mountain">Montagnards</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maximilien_Robespierre" title="Maximilien Robespierre">Maximilien Robespierre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Danton" title="Georges Danton">Georges Danton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Marat" title="Jean-Paul Marat">Jean-Paul Marat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camille_Desmoulins" title="Camille Desmoulins">Camille Desmoulins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Antoine_de_Saint-Just" title="Louis Antoine de Saint-Just">Louis Antoine de Saint-Just</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Barras" title="Paul Barras">Paul Barras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Philippe_I" title="Louis Philippe I">Louis Philippe I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Michel_le_Peletier,_marquis_de_Saint-Fargeau" title="Louis-Michel le Peletier, marquis de Saint-Fargeau">Louis Michel le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques-Louis_David" title="Jacques-Louis David">Jacques-Louis David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquis_de_Sade" title="Marquis de Sade">Marquis de Sade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Couthon" title="Georges Couthon">Georges Couthon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Ducos" title="Roger Ducos">Roger Ducos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Collot_d%27Herbois" title="Jean-Marie Collot d'Herbois">Jean-Marie Collot d'Herbois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Henri_Voulland" title="Jean-Henri Voulland">Jean-Henri Voulland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe-Antoine_Merlin_de_Douai" title="Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai">Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Quentin_Fouquier-Tinville" title="Antoine Quentin Fouquier-Tinville">Antoine Quentin Fouquier-Tinville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe-Fran%C3%A7ois-Joseph_Le_Bas" title="Philippe-François-Joseph Le Bas">Philippe-François-Joseph Le Bas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc-Guillaume_Alexis_Vadier" title="Marc-Guillaume Alexis Vadier">Marc-Guillaume Alexis Vadier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre-Andr%C3%A9_Amar" title="Jean-Pierre-André Amar">Jean-Pierre-André Amar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Antoine,_comte_Prieur-Duvernois" title="Claude Antoine, comte Prieur-Duvernois">Prieur de la Côte-d'Or</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Louis_Prieur" title="Pierre Louis Prieur">Prieur de la Marne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Romme" title="Gilbert Romme">Gilbert Romme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Bon_Saint-Andr%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean Bon Saint-André">Jean Bon Saint-André</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Lambert_Tallien" title="Jean-Lambert Tallien">Jean-Lambert Tallien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Louis_Prieur" title="Pierre Louis Prieur">Pierre Louis Prieur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Christophe_Saliceti" title="Antoine Christophe Saliceti">Antoine Christophe Saliceti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9bertists" title="Hébertists">Hébertists</a><br />and <i><a href="/wiki/Enrag%C3%A9s" title="Enragés">Enragés</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_H%C3%A9bert" title="Jacques Hébert">Jacques Hébert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques-Nicolas_Billaud-Varenne" title="Jacques-Nicolas Billaud-Varenne">Jacques-Nicolas Billaud-Varenne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Gaspard_Chaumette" title="Pierre Gaspard Chaumette">Pierre Gaspard Chaumette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles-Philippe_Ronsin" title="Charles-Philippe Ronsin">Charles-Philippe Ronsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine-Fran%C3%A7ois_Momoro" title="Antoine-François Momoro">Antoine-François Momoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Nicolas_Vincent" title="François-Nicolas Vincent">François-Nicolas Vincent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Chabot" title="François Chabot">François Chabot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_No%C3%ABl_Bouchotte" title="Jean Baptiste Noël Bouchotte">Jean Baptiste Noël Bouchotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste-Joseph_Gobel" title="Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Gobel">Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Gobel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hanriot" title="François Hanriot">François Hanriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Roux" title="Jacques Roux">Jacques Roux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanislas-Marie_Maillard" title="Stanislas-Marie Maillard">Stanislas-Marie Maillard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles-Philippe_Ronsin" title="Charles-Philippe Ronsin">Charles-Philippe Ronsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Varlet" title="Jean-François Varlet">Jean-François Varlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Th%C3%A9ophile_Victor_Leclerc" title="Jean Théophile Victor Leclerc">Theophile Leclerc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claire_Lacombe" title="Claire Lacombe">Claire Lacombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_L%C3%A9on" title="Pauline Léon">Pauline Léon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-No%C3%ABl_Babeuf" title="François-Noël Babeuf">Gracchus Babeuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvain_Mar%C3%A9chal" title="Sylvain Maréchal">Sylvain Maréchal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_X_of_France" title="Charles X of France">Charles X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI" title="Louis XVI">Louis XVI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVII" title="Louis XVII">Louis XVII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVIII" title="Louis XVIII">Louis XVIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Antoine,_Duke_of_Enghien" title="Louis Antoine, Duke of Enghien">Louis Antoine, Duke of Enghien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Henri,_Prince_of_Cond%C3%A9" title="Louis Henri, Prince of Condé">Louis Henri, Prince of Condé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Joseph,_Prince_of_Cond%C3%A9" title="Louis Joseph, Prince of Condé">Louis Joseph, Prince of Condé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Antoinette" title="Marie Antoinette">Marie Antoinette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoléon Bonaparte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucien_Bonaparte" title="Lucien Bonaparte">Lucien Bonaparte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bonaparte" title="Joseph Bonaparte">Joseph Bonaparte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Fesch" title="Joseph Fesch">Joseph Fesch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9phine_de_Beauharnais" title="Joséphine de Beauharnais">Joséphine de Beauharnais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_Murat" title="Joachim Murat">Joachim Murat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Sylvain_Bailly" title="Jean Sylvain Bailly">Jean Sylvain Bailly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques-Donatien_Le_Ray_de_Chaumont" title="Jacques-Donatien Le Ray de Chaumont">Jacques-Donatien Le Ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume-Chr%C3%A9tien_de_Lamoignon_de_Malesherbes" title="Guillaume-Chrétien de Lamoignon de Malesherbes">Guillaume-Chrétien de Malesherbes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Maurice_de_Talleyrand-P%C3%A9rigord" title="Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord">Talleyrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9r%C3%A9sa_Tallien" title="Thérésa Tallien">Thérésa Tallien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gui-Jean-Baptiste_Target" title="Gui-Jean-Baptiste Target">Gui-Jean-Baptiste Target</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Th%C3%A9ot" title="Catherine Théot">Catherine Théot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_Louise_of_Savoy,_Princesse_de_Lamballe" title="Marie Thérèse Louise of Savoy, Princesse de Lamballe">Madame de Lamballe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madame_du_Barry" title="Madame du Barry">Madame du Barry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Auguste_Le_Tonnelier_de_Breteuil" title="Louis Auguste Le Tonnelier de Breteuil">Louis de Breteuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Ren%C3%A9_de_Chateaubriand" title="François-René de Chateaubriand">de Chateaubriand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Chouan" title="Jean Chouan">Jean Chouan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Charles_de_Lom%C3%A9nie_de_Brienne" title="Étienne Charles de Loménie de Brienne">Loménie de Brienne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Alexandre_de_Calonne" title="Charles Alexandre de Calonne">Charles Alexandre de Calonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Necker" title="Jacques Necker">Jacques Necker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Duval_d%27Epr%C3%A9mesnil" title="Jean-Jacques Duval d'Eprémesnil">Jean-Jacques Duval d'Eprémesnil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_associated_with_the_French_Revolution" title="List of people associated with the French Revolution">List of people associated with the French Revolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Factions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacobins" title="Jacobins">Jacobins</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cordeliers" title="Cordeliers">Cordeliers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panth%C3%A9on_Club" title="Panthéon Club">Panthéon Club</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_the_Friends_of_Truth" title="Society of the Friends of Truth">Social Club</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div id="Influential_thinkers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Influential thinkers</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Les Lumières</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Beaumarchais" title="Pierre Beaumarchais">Beaumarchais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Burke" title="Edmund Burke">Edmund Burke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anacharsis_Cloots" title="Anacharsis Cloots">Anacharsis Cloots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles-Augustin_de_Coulomb" title="Charles-Augustin de Coulomb">Charles-Augustin de Coulomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Claude_Fran%C3%A7ois_Daunou" title="Pierre Claude François Daunou">Pierre Claude François Daunou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Diderot" title="Denis Diderot">Diderot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Benjamin Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Lavoisier" title="Antoine Lavoisier">Antoine Lavoisier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu">Montesquieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Paine" title="Thomas Paine">Thomas Paine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau" title="Jean-Jacques Rousseau">Jean-Jacques Rousseau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Joseph_Siey%C3%A8s" title="Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès">Abbé Sieyès</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Wollstonecraft" title="Mary Wollstonecraft">Mary Wollstonecraft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div id="Cultural_impact" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Cultural impact</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/La_Marseillaise" title="La Marseillaise">La Marseillaise</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cockade_of_France" title="Cockade of France">Cockade of France</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Flag of France</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Libert%C3%A9,_%C3%A9galit%C3%A9,_fraternit%C3%A9" title="Liberté, égalité, fraternité">Liberté, égalité, fraternité</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marianne" title="Marianne">Marianne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscadin" title="Muscadin">Muscadin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bastille_Day" title="Bastille Day">Bastille Day</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Panth%C3%A9on" title="Panthéon">Panthéon</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Republican_calendar" title="French Republican calendar">French Republican calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metric_system" title="Metric system">Metric system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen" title="Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen">Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cult_of_the_Supreme_Being" title="Cult of the Supreme Being">Cult of the Supreme Being</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cult_of_Reason" title="Cult of Reason">Cult of Reason</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Reason" title="Temple of Reason">Temple of Reason</a></li></ul></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Sans-culottes" title="Sans-culottes">Sans-culottes</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phrygian_cap" title="Phrygian cap">Phrygian cap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_French_Revolution" title="Women in the French Revolution">Women in the French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incroyables_and_merveilleuses" title="Incroyables and merveilleuses">Incroyables and merveilleuses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbolism_in_the_French_Revolution" title="Symbolism in the French Revolution">Symbolism in the French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historiography_of_the_French_Revolution" title="Historiography of the French Revolution">Historiography of the French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Influence_of_the_French_Revolution" title="Influence of the French Revolution">Influence of the French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_set_during_the_French_Revolution_and_French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="List of films set during the French Revolution and French Revolutionary Wars">Films</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_flags_and_coats_of_arms" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_flags" title="Template:National flags"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_flags" title="Template talk:National flags"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_flags" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National flags"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_flags_and_coats_of_arms" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_flag" title="National flag">National flags</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_coat_of_arms" title="National coat of arms">coats of arms</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National flags</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_flags_of_sovereign_states" title="List of national flags of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallery_of_flags_of_dependent_territories" title="Gallery of flags of dependent territories">Dependent territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_national_flags" title="Timeline of national flags">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National coats of arms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armorial_of_sovereign_states" title="Armorial of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armorial_of_dependent_territories" title="Armorial of dependent territories">Dependent territories</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Azure%2C_a_bend_Or.svg/14px-Azure%2C_a_bend_Or.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Azure%2C_a_bend_Or.svg/22px-Azure%2C_a_bend_Or.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Azure%2C_a_bend_Or.svg/29px-Azure%2C_a_bend_Or.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Heraldry" title="Portal:Heraldry">Heraldry portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Flags_of_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Flags_of_Europe" title="Template:Flags of Europe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Flags_of_Europe" title="Template talk:Flags of Europe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Flags_of_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Flags of Europe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Flags_of_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Flags_of_Europe" title="Flags of Europe">Flags of Europe</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Albania" title="Flag of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Andorra" title="Flag of Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Armenia" title="Flag of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Austria" title="Flag of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Azerbaijan" title="Flag of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Belarus" title="Flag of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Belgium" title="Flag of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Bulgaria" title="Flag of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Croatia" title="Flag of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Cyprus" title="Flag of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Flag of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Denmark" title="Flag of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Estonia" title="Flag of Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Finland" title="Flag of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Flag of Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Germany" title="Flag of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Greece" title="Flag of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Hungary" title="Flag of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Iceland" title="Flag of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Ireland" title="Flag of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Italy" title="Flag of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Kazakhstan" title="Flag of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Latvia" title="Flag of Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Liechtenstein" title="Flag of Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Lithuania" title="Flag of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Luxembourg" title="Flag of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Malta" title="Flag of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Moldova" title="Flag of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Monaco" title="Flag of Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Montenegro" title="Flag of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Netherlands" title="Flag of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_North_Macedonia" title="Flag of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Norway" title="Flag of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Poland" title="Flag of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Portugal" title="Flag of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Romania" title="Flag of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Russia" title="Flag of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_San_Marino" title="Flag of San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Serbia" title="Flag of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Slovakia" title="Flag of Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Slovenia" title="Flag of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Spain" title="Flag of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Sweden" title="Flag of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Switzerland" title="Flag of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Turkey" title="Flag of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Ukraine" title="Flag of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Flag of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Vatican_City" title="Flag of Vatican City">Vatican City</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary.svg/100px-Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary.svg/150px-Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary.svg/200px-Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="537" data-file-height="536" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited<br />recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Abkhazia" title="Flag of Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Kosovo" title="Flag of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Northern_Cyprus" title="Flag of Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_South_Ossetia" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag of South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Transnistria" title="Flag of Transnistria">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and<br />other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_%C3%85land" title="Flag of Åland">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Flag of the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Gibraltar" title="Flag of Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Guernsey" title="Flag of Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Flag of the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Jersey" title="Flag of Jersey">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Svalbard" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag of Svalbard">Svalbard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Europe" title="Flag of Europe">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_and_coat_of_arms_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Flag and coat of arms of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Sovereign Military Order of Malta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="&quot;Six_flags_over_Texas&quot;" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Six_flags_of_Texas" title="Template:Six flags of Texas"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Six_flags_of_Texas" title="Template talk:Six flags of Texas"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Six_flags_of_Texas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Six flags of Texas"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="&quot;Six_flags_over_Texas&quot;" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">"<a href="/wiki/Six_flags_over_Texas" title="Six flags over Texas">Six flags over Texas</a>"</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Pavillon_royal_de_France.svg/23px-Pavillon_royal_de_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Pavillon_royal_de_France.svg/35px-Pavillon_royal_de_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Pavillon_royal_de_France.svg/45px-Pavillon_royal_de_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">French Texas</a></li> <li> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Spain" title="Flag of Spain">Spanish Texas</a></li> <li> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Mexico_%281823-1864%2C_1867-1893%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico_%281823-1864%2C_1867-1893%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Mexico_%281823-1864%2C_1867-1893%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico_%281823-1864%2C_1867-1893%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Mexico_%281823-1864%2C_1867-1893%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico_%281823-1864%2C_1867-1893%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Mexico" title="Flag of Mexico">Mexican Texas</a></li> <li> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/23px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/35px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/45px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Texas" title="Flag of Texas">Republic of Texas</a></li> <li> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Flag_of_the_Confederate_States_%28March_%E2%80%93_May_1861%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Confederate_States_%28March_%E2%80%93_May_1861%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Flag_of_the_Confederate_States_%28March_%E2%80%93_May_1861%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Confederate_States_%28March_%E2%80%93_May_1861%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Flag_of_the_Confederate_States_%28March_%E2%80%93_May_1861%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Confederate_States_%28March_%E2%80%93_May_1861%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Flags_of_the_Confederate_States_of_America" title="Flags of the Confederate States of America">Confederate States</a></li> <li> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_States" title="Flag of the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_France&oldid=1259346434">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_France&oldid=1259346434</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:National_symbols_of_France" title="Category:National symbols of France">National symbols of France</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:National_flags" title="Category:National flags">National flags</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Flags_of_France" title="Category:Flags of France">Flags of France</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Flags_introduced_in_1794" title="Category:Flags introduced in 1794">Flags introduced in 1794</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Flags_introduced_in_1830" title="Category:Flags introduced in 1830">Flags introduced in 1830</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Flags_with_blue,_red_and_white" title="Category:Flags with blue, red and white">Flags with blue, red and white</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tricolor_flags" title="Category:Tricolor flags">Tricolor flags</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Vertically_symmetrical_flags" title="Category:Vertically symmetrical flags">Vertically symmetrical flags</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_French-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing French-language text">Articles containing French-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_French-language_sources_(fr)" title="Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)">CS1 French-language sources (fr)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Italian-language_sources_(it)" title="Category:CS1 Italian-language sources (it)">CS1 Italian-language sources (it)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Italian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Italian-language text">Articles containing Italian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_March_2021" title="Category:Use dmy dates from March 2021">Use dmy dates from March 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_a_citation_from_the_1911_Encyclopaedia_Britannica_with_Wikisource_reference" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference">Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_a_citation_from_The_American_Cyclopaedia" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from The American Cyclopaedia">Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from The American Cyclopaedia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_a_citation_from_The_American_Cyclopaedia_without_a_Wikisource_reference" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from The American Cyclopaedia without a Wikisource reference">Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from The American Cyclopaedia without a Wikisource reference</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_video_clips" title="Category:Articles containing video clips">Articles containing video clips</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 24 November 2024, at 17:55<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_France&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-57488d5c7d-wm7wm","wgBackendResponseTime":249,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.626","walltime":"2.042","ppvisitednodes":{"value":22872,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":643934,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":166937,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":23,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":14,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":323953,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1663.589 1 -total"," 29.20% 485.810 3 Template:Infobox"," 26.70% 444.221 1 Template:Navboxes"," 23.88% 397.330 2 Template:Reflist"," 18.99% 315.871 12 Template:Navbox"," 15.60% 259.481 1 Template:Infobox_flag"," 14.14% 235.225 2 Template:Infobox_flag/entry"," 13.05% 217.021 10 Template:Military_navigation"," 12.07% 200.796 20 Template:Cite_web"," 9.97% 165.924 1 Template:Flag_of_Europe"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.739","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":16826698,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"Bourbon_flag\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChisholm1911\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCuriat2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEriksenJenkins2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGaines2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMartin2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOsborne2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPinoteau1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThe_Governor_General_of_Canada2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVinkhuijzen_collection2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFde_Boutiny2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFde_Raguenel2021\"] = 1,\n [\"Middle_Ages\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 1,\n [\"Anchor\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite AmCyc\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite EB1911\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 4,\n [\"Cite tech report\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 20,\n [\"Clear left\"] = 1,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 1,\n [\"FIAV\"] = 54,\n [\"FOTW\"] = 1,\n [\"Flag of Europe\"] = 1,\n [\"France topics\"] = 1,\n [\"FranceFlags\"] = 1,\n [\"French Revolution navbox\"] = 1,\n [\"Further\"] = 2,\n [\"Harv\"] = 3,\n [\"Harvid\"] = 1,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 2,\n [\"Infobox flag\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 15,\n [\"Main\"] = 1,\n [\"Nationalflags\"] = 1,\n [\"Navboxes\"] = 1,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Nowrap\"] = 5,\n [\"Portal\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 1,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Six flags of Texas\"] = 1,\n [\"Start date and age\"] = 1,\n [\"Subnational flags of France\"] = 1,\n [\"Symbols of the French Republic\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 2,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-57488d5c7d-22g27","timestamp":"20241128015412","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Flag of France","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Flag_of_France","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q43192","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q43192","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-08-12T11:24:47Z","dateModified":"2024-11-24T17:55:50Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/c\/c3\/Flag_of_France.svg","headline":"national flag of France"}</script> </body> </html>