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cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Entità molecolare</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. 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href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entitat_molecular" title="Entitat molecular - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Entitat molecular" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_entity" title="Molecular entity - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Molecular entity" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entidad_molecular" title="Entidad molecular - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Entidad molecular" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molekulaar%C3%BCksus" title="Molekulaarüksus - estone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Molekulaarüksus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C" title="هستار مولکولی - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هستار مولکولی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E5%AE%9F%E4%BD%93" title="分子実体 - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="分子実体" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li 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class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:PuntanoQui/Entit%C3%A0_molecolare" title="Elenco di tutte le pagine che sono collegate a questa [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Puntano qui</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:ModificheCorrelate/Entit%C3%A0_molecolare" rel="nofollow" title="Elenco delle ultime modifiche alle pagine collegate a questa [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Modifiche correlate</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:PagineSpeciali" title="Elenco di tutte le pagine speciali [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pagine speciali</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Entit%C3%A0_molecolare&oldid=125023657" title="Collegamento permanente a questa versione di questa pagina"><span>Link permanente</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a 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class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Libro&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Entit%C3%A0+molecolare"><span>Crea un libro</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:DownloadAsPdf&page=Entit%C3%A0_molecolare&action=show-download-screen"><span>Scarica come PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Entit%C3%A0_molecolare&printable=yes" title="Versione stampabile di questa pagina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versione stampabile</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In altri progetti </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2393187" title="Collegamento all'elemento connesso dell'archivio dati [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Elemento Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Strumenti pagine"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspetto"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspetto</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><p>Si definisce <b>entità molecolare</b> qualsiasi <a href="/wiki/Atomo" title="Atomo">atomo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Molecola" title="Molecola">molecola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ione" title="Ione">ione</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coppia_ionica" title="Coppia ionica">coppia ionica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radicale_libero" title="Radicale libero">radicale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ione_radicalico" title="Ione radicalico">ione radicalico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Complesso_(chimica)" title="Complesso (chimica)">complesso</a>, <a href="/wiki/Conformazione" title="Conformazione">conformero</a>, ecc., <a href="/wiki/Isotopo" title="Isotopo">isotopicamente</a> o costituzionalmente distinto, identificabile come un'entità separatamente distinguibile.<sup id="cite_ref-IUPAC_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IUPAC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Questo termine viene utilizzato per indicare genericamente singole entità, mentre il termine "<a href="/wiki/Specie_chimica" title="Specie chimica">specie chimica</a>" si riferisce a un insieme di entità molecolari dello stesso tipo. Ad esempio un'entità molecolare può essere "una molecola di <a href="/wiki/Metano" title="Metano">metano</a>", mentre una specie chimica può essere "una <a href="/wiki/Mole" title="Mole">mole</a> di <a href="/wiki/Metano" title="Metano">metano</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-IUPAC_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IUPAC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nell'esempio in questione, il termine "il metano" può riferirsi ad una singola entità molecolare o ad una specie chimica, a seconda che si intenda una singola molecola di metano o il metano inteso come <a href="/wiki/Sostanza_pura" title="Sostanza pura">sostanza chimica</a>. </p><p>Il grado di precisione utilizzato per descrivere un'entità molecolare dipende dal contesto: ad esempio in certi casi può essere necessario specificare lo <a href="/wiki/Stato_quantico" title="Stato quantico">stato</a> <a href="/wiki/Configurazione_elettronica" title="Configurazione elettronica">elettronico</a> o <a href="/wiki/Vibrazione" title="Vibrazione">vibrazionale</a>, lo <a href="/wiki/Spin" title="Spin">spin</a> nucleare, ecc.<sup id="cite_ref-IUPAC_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IUPAC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Esempi">Esempi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Entit%C3%A0_molecolare&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Esempi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Entit%C3%A0_molecolare&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Esempi"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sono esempi di entità molecolari: </p> <ul><li>gli <a href="/wiki/Atomo" title="Atomo">atomi</a>;</li> <li>le <a href="/wiki/Molecola" title="Molecola">molecole</a> (entità molecolari composte da più atomi);</li> <li>gli <a href="/wiki/Ione" title="Ione">ioni</a> (entità molecolari aventi <a href="/wiki/Carica_elettrica" title="Carica elettrica">carica elettrica</a> non neutra); <ul><li>gli <a href="/wiki/Anione" title="Anione">anioni</a> (entità molecolari aventi carica elettrica negativa);</li> <li>i <a href="/wiki/Catione" title="Catione">cationi</a> (entità molecolari aventi carica elettrica positiva);</li></ul></li> <li>i <a href="/wiki/Radicali_liberi" class="mw-redirect" title="Radicali liberi">radicali</a> (entità molecolari molto reattive dotate di un <a href="/wiki/Elettrone_di_valenza" class="mw-redirect" title="Elettrone di valenza">elettrone di valenza</a> <a href="/wiki/Elettrone_spaiato" title="Elettrone spaiato">spaiato</a>);</li> <li>gli <a href="/wiki/Ione_radicalico" title="Ione radicalico">ioni radicalici</a> (entità molecolari che presentano contemporaneamente le caratteristiche proprie degli ioni e dei radicali).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Entit%C3%A0_molecolare&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Entit%C3%A0_molecolare&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-IUPAC-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-IUPAC_1-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-IUPAC_1-1">b</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-IUPAC_1-2">c</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://goldbook.iupac.org/M03986.html">Molecular entity</a>, definizione <a href="/wiki/Unione_internazionale_di_chimica_pura_e_applicata" title="Unione internazionale di chimica pura e applicata">IUPAC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://goldbook.iupac.org/index.html">Gold Book</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100124150119/http://goldbook.iupac.org/index.html">Archiviato</a> il 24 gennaio 2010 in <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Entit%C3%A0_molecolare&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Entit%C3%A0_molecolare&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Specie_chimica" title="Specie chimica">Specie chimica</a></li></ul> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; padding: 3px 0; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; row-gap: 4px; column-gap: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="flex-grow: 1"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140555418">.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{width:100%;line-height:25px;border:1px solid #CCF;background-color:#F0EEFF;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#FAFAFA}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}</style><div class="itwiki-template-occhiello"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gnome-applications-science.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chimica"><img alt=" " src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Gnome-applications-science.svg/25px-Gnome-applications-science.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Gnome-applications-science.svg/38px-Gnome-applications-science.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Gnome-applications-science.svg/50px-Gnome-applications-science.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portale:Chimica" title="Portale:Chimica">Portale Chimica</a></b>: il portale della scienza della composizione, delle proprietà e delle trasformazioni della materia</div></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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