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mb-1">Article modifié le <time datetime="2025-01-29"> 29/01/2025 </time></p><div class="content whole type-article" ><div class="block_1" data-ucode="yT230998_0"><i class="anchor" id="yT230998_0"></i><div class="clearfix"></div><div class="media-container float-md-start me-2 col-md-3 text-center"><figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"><a data-ucode="PH994991" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Charles Blondin" href="/media/charles-blondin-ph994991/"><img id="PH994991" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/0/9/csm_ph994991_b8dd3cddd9.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Charles Blondin - crédits : William England/ Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" data-description="Le funambule français Charles Blondin (1824-1897) franchit sur un câble les chutes du Niagara, en 1859." data-copyright="William England/ Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" width="1024" height="918" /></a><figcaption class="figure-caption"><p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Charles Blondin </p><p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> William England/ Hulton Archive/ Getty Images </p></figcaption></figure></div><p> On appelle funambules les danseurs et danseuses de corde. La <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Dans son acception la plus générale, la danse est l'art de mouvoir le corps humain selon un certain accord entre l'espace et le temps, accord rendu perceptible grâce au rythme et à la composition chorégraphique. Qu'elle soit spontanée ou organisée, la danse est souvent l'expression d'un sentiment ou d'une situation donnée, et peut éventuellement s'accompagner d'une mimique destinée à ..." title="Article : DANSE" href="/encyclopedie/danse/">danse</a> de corde, sans doute la plus ancienne des spécialités acrobatiques, demeure, des siècles durant, la plus populaire. Elle fait fureur à la fin du <span class="pc">xviii</span><sup>e</sup> siècle ; elle triomphe sous l'Empire. Il n'est point de fêtes publiques sans le concours de funambules. Les danseurs de corde de la foire Saint-Germain portent spencer (veste courte, ouverte et à revers, s'arrêtant à la taille), culotte collante, col suédois et barrette à plume d'autruche. C'est dans cette tenue qu'apparaîtra l'illustre Blondin, le « héros du Niagara », dont les prouesses émerveillent le public de l'Exposition universelle de 1867. Deux pensionnaires du fameux Nicolet avaient pour élève le comte d'Artois, qui, s'il se révéla un roi fort médiocre, semblait doué pour la danse de corde. « C'est une belle jambe », disait de lui Forioso. Il lança la mode : les jeunes courtisans rivalisaient en ronds de jambe et en pas croisés. La Malaga, M<sup>me</sup> Saqui, Adeline Robba, M<sup>me</sup> Godeau furent de célèbres funambules. Elles dansaient la sabotière, l'anglaise, la gavotte de Vestris et gravissaient la corde oblique dans la « position de la Renommée ». Au <span class="pc">xix</span><sup>e</sup> siècle, le fil d'archal (laiton) remplace peu à peu la corde. Selon la tension donnée au câble, les artistes travaillent sur « fil dur » ou sur « fil mou ». Sur fil dur, à grande hauteur, les troupes de fil-de-féristes édifient des pyramides humaines ; les porteurs circulent quelquefois sur un vélo, le balancier posé sur le guidon. Sur fil dur, à deux mètres de hauteur, l'artiste tourne des sauts périlleux, fait des équilibres sur une main, sur la tête, esquisse des pas de danse. Sur fil mou, il jongle, en se tenant sur un pied. Après une série de balancements, il donne au câble une élasticité qui permet, par une brusque détente, la réalisation de sauts remarquables. La pratique du funambulisme est souvent un gage de longévité. Wilhelm Kolter mourut à quatre-vingt-treize ans. Mieux encore que M<sup>me</sup> Saqui, M<sup>me</sup> Porté, ingambe à quatre-vingts ans, dansait toujours sur la corde dans les foires patronales. Blondin, à la fin du <span class="pc">xix</span><sup>e</sup> siècle, figurait encore au programme d'un petit cirque bordelais. Personne ne voulait croire que ce septuagénaire était le vrai Blondin. Djelmako mourut à soixante-dix-sept ans... en tombant de son câble.</p><p>« Les Funambules » deviendra en 1813 le nom d'un théâtre populaire, célébré au cinéma dans <em>Les Enfants du paradis</em>, de Prévert et Carné, plus populaire encore lorsque son directeur, Michel Bertrand, obtiendra deux ans plus tard l'autorisation de couper les numéros d'acrobatie de son spectacle par des « pantomimes arlequinades », muettes ainsi que l'exigeait la censure. Ce fut le départ pour ce théâtre d'une prestigieuse carrière à l'époque du romantisme.</p><div class="clearfix"></div><p class="author"> — Jean BAUDEZ</p><div class="clearfix"></div></div><div class="clearfix"></div></div><ul class="pagination justify-content-center public-links "><li class="page-item active"><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 1" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">1</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 2" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">2</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 3" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">3</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 4" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">4</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 5" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">5</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 6" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">6</a></li></ul><div class="folio-block"><p class="folio-block-title text-center text-uc"><strong>La suite de cet article est accessible aux abonnés</strong></p><ul class="list-unstyled"><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-check-circle"></i> Des contenus variés, complets et fiables</li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-check-circle"></i> Accessible sur tous les écrans</li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-check-circle"></i> Pas de publicité</li></ul><p class="text-center"><a href="/abonnement/" class="btn btn-cta text-uc" id="folio-button" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="Block bottom">Découvrez nos offres </a></p><p class="text-center text-sm"> Déjà abonné ? <a href="/identification/" id="folio-login">Se connecter</a></p></div><div id="ad_mpuslot" class="pub-container text-center"><div class="pub-placeholder"></div></div><section class="mt-3 mb-5"><i class="anchor" id="T230998_AUTHORS"></i><p class="title-minor">Écrit par</p><ul class="list-group"><li class="list-group-item" data-dc-author="BAUDEZ, Jean"><a title="Auteur : Jean BAUDEZ" rel="author" href="/auteurs/jean-baudez/"><strong>Jean BAUDEZ</strong></a> : écrivain </li></ul></section><section class="mb-5"><div class="text-center mb-3 d-print-none"><a class="d-inline-flex flex-row justify-content-center align-items-center btn btn-light btn-large text-start" title="Carte mentale : FUNAMBULES" href="/carte-mentale/funambules/"><i class="fa fa-sitemap fa-rotate-270 me-1 fs-1 text-universalis"></i><p class="m-0"><strong class="fs-4">Carte mentale</strong><br /> Élargissez votre recherche dans Universalis </p></a></div></section> <section class="mb-5 article-classification" data-print-label="la classification" data-print-target=".article-classification"> <i class="anchor" id="yT230998_ROOT_LINES"></i> <p class="title-minor">Classification</p> <nav aria-label="Classification 1"> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Arts" href="/classification/arts/"> Arts </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Arts du spectacle" href="/classification/arts/arts-du-spectacle/"> Arts du spectacle </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Mime" href="/classification/arts/arts-du-spectacle/mime/"> Mime </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item active" data-dc-subject="Pantomimes"> <a title="Classification : Pantomimes" href="/classification/arts/arts-du-spectacle/mime/pantomimes/"> Pantomimes </a> </li> </ol> </nav> <nav aria-label="Classification 2"> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Arts" href="/classification/arts/"> Arts </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Arts du spectacle" href="/classification/arts/arts-du-spectacle/"> Arts du spectacle </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item active" data-dc-subject="Arts de la rue"> <a title="Classification : Arts de la rue" href="/classification/arts/arts-du-spectacle/arts-de-la-rue/"> Arts de la rue </a> </li> </ol> </nav> <nav aria-label="Classification 3"> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Arts" href="/classification/arts/"> Arts </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Arts du spectacle" href="/classification/arts/arts-du-spectacle/"> Arts du spectacle </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Arts du cirque" href="/classification/arts/arts-du-spectacle/arts-du-cirque/"> Arts du cirque </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item active" data-dc-subject="Spectacles forains"> <a title="Classification : Spectacles forains" href="/classification/arts/arts-du-spectacle/arts-du-cirque/spectacles-forains/"> Spectacles forains </a> </li> </ol> </nav> </section> <section class="mb-5 d-print-none"> <i class="anchor" id="yT230998_MEDIAS"></i> <p class="title-minor">Média</p> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 col-md-12 text-center p-1"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH994991" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Charles Blondin" href="/media/charles-blondin-ph994991/"> <img id="PH994991" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/0/9/csm_ph994991_b8dd3cddd9.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Charles Blondin - crédits : William England/ Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" data-description="Le funambule français Charles Blondin (1824-1897) franchit sur un câble les chutes du Niagara, en 1859." data-copyright="William England/ Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" width="1024" height="918" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Charles Blondin </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> William England/ Hulton Archive/ Getty Images </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> </section> <section class="mb-5 d-print-none learn-more"> <i class="anchor" id="yT230998_REFERENCES"></i> <p class="title-minor">Autres références</p> <ul class="list-group"> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/mime-et-pantomime/#c23220"> <span class="rg">MIME ET PANTOMIME</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Tristan RÉMY</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">2 883 mots</li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">4 médias </li> </ul> <div class="d-none d-md-inline-block float-start me-3"> <a class="protected" title="Article : MIME ET PANTOMIME" href="/encyclopedie/mime-et-pantomime/"> <img class="rounded shadow" loading="lazy" alt="Le mime Marceau, vers 1970 - crédits : Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" width="125" height="125" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/7/9/csm_ph999681_9f64e6d1b1.webp"/> </a> </div> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> ...représenter des scènes à deux personnages « sans action et sans suite », c'est-à-dire où tout dialogue était interdit. Néanmoins, en 1815, le spectacle des <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="On appelle funambules les danseurs et danseuses de corde. La danse de corde, sans doute la plus ancienne des spécialités acrobatiques, demeure, des siècles durant, la plus populaire. Elle fait fureur à la fin du xviii e siècle ; elle triomphe sous l'Empire. Il n'est point de fêtes publiques sans le concours de funambules. Les danseurs de corde de la foire Saint-Germain portent spencer (..." title="Article : FUNAMBULES" href="/encyclopedie/funambules/">Funambules</a> est autorisé à couper ses séances d'acrobaties par des pantomimes arlequinades, à condition qu'elles soient interprétées par les « artistes... </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/saqui-les/"> <span class="rg">SAQUI </span><span class="pc">LES </span><span class="rm">(XVIII<sup class="sup">e</sup>-</span><span class="pc">XIX<sup class="sup">e</sup> </span><span class="rm">s.)</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Jean BAUDEZ</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">597 mots</li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p> En 1791, un Lalanne (d'une famille de bateleurs parisiens) qui tient l'emploi de premier danseur chez Nicolet sous le nom de Navarin le Fameux, présente sa fille Marguerite (1786-1866), alors âgée de cinq ans. Portée à bout de bras, elle se renverse en arrière pour saisir entre ses lèvres une pièce...</p> </div> </li> </ul> </section> <section class="mb-5 d-print-none article-indexes learn-more"> <i class="anchor" id="yT230998_INDEXES"></i> <p class="title-minor">Voir aussi</p> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet"> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : THÉÂTRE POPULAIRE" href="/index/theatre-populaire/"> <span class="rg">THÉÂTRE POPULAIRE</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : FOIRE THÉÂTRES DE LA" href="/index/theatres-de-la-foire/"> <span class="rg">FOIRE </span><span class="pc">THÉÂTRES DE LA</span> </a> </li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="col-lg-4 col-xl-3 px-0 d-none d-lg-block side-bar position-relative"> <div id="ad_rightslot" class="pub-container text-center"> <div class="pub-placeholder"></div> </div> <div id="ad_rightslot2" class="pub-container text-center"> <div class="pub-placeholder"></div> </div> <a class="wrapper cta" href="/abonnement" title="Abonnez-vous à Universalis pour 1 euro" data-matomo-category="CTA" data-matomo-name="Clic" data-matomo-value="Col right"> <img src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/b/6/csm_abo-3_74169bae4d.webp" class="full-height" loading="lazy" width="290" height="476" alt="Abonnez-vous à Universalis pour 1 euro"> </a> <div id="newsletter_subscription" class="wrapper p-3"> <p class="fs-3 fw-bold text-center text-light mb-1">Rejoignez-nous</p> <p class="text-center"> Inscrivez-vous à notre <strong>newsletter</strong></p> <div class="input-group mb-3"> <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="votre email"> <div class="input-group-append"> <button id="newsletter_subscription_button" class="btn btn-primary text-uppercase" type="button"> <strong>S'inscrire</strong></button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <div id="bandeau-footer"> <div class="container"> <p><a href="/abonnement" title="Abonnez-vous à Universalis pour 1 euro">Accédez à l'intégralité d'Universalis.fr <strong>sans publicité</strong></a></p> </div> </div> <footer class="container footer text-center d-print-none"> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-2"> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="http://www.encyclopaedia-universalis.fr/" title="Encyclopædia Universalis" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Encyclopædia Universalis </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="https://www.encyclopaedia-universalis.fr/nous-contacter/infos/" title="Contactez-nous" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank">Contact</a></li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a title="Mentions légales" rel="nofollow" href="/mentions-legales/">Mentions légales et politique de confidentialité</a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a title="Crédits images Accueil" rel="nofollow" href="/credits-illustrations/">Crédits images</a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="https://abonnement.universalis.fr/typo3conf/ext/mailer/Resources/Public/Pdf/cgv.pdf" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank" title="Conditions générales de vente">CGV</a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="javascript:" id="rgpd" rel="nofollow" title="Consentement RGPD">RGPD</a> </li> </ul> <p class="mb-2">Consulter le <a title="Dictionnaire de l'Encyclopædia Universalis" href="/dictionnaire/"> dictionnaire </a> de l'Encyclopædia Universalis </p> <p class="mb-3">© 2025 Encyclopædia Universalis France. 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