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<span>Ingredients</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ingredients-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Types_and_flavor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types_and_flavor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Types and flavor</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Types_and_flavor-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Types and flavor subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Types_and_flavor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Chemical_properties_of_flavor_and_aroma_compounds" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chemical_properties_of_flavor_and_aroma_compounds"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Chemical properties of flavor and aroma compounds</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chemical_properties_of_flavor_and_aroma_compounds-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fermentation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fermentation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Fermentation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Fermentation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Fermentation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Fermentation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Creating_koji" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Creating_koji"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Creating koji</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Creating_koji-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Storage_and_preparation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Storage_and_preparation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Storage and preparation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Storage_and_preparation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Usage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Usage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Usage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Usage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nutrition_and_health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nutrition_and_health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Nutrition and health</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nutrition_and_health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Miso</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" 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Available in 49 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-49" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">49 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%88" title="ميسو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ميسو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miso" title="Miso – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Miso" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%AD-so%CD%98h" title="Mí-so͘h – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Mí-so͘h" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%81%D0%B0_(%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0)" title="Міса (паста) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Міса (паста)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Міса – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Міса" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE" title="Мисо – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мисо" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miso" title="Miso – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Miso" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miso" title="Miso – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Miso" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miso" title="Miso – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Miso" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miso" title="Miso – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Miso" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%AF%CF%83%CE%BF" title="Μίσο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μίσο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miso" title="Miso – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Miso" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misoo" title="Misoo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Misoo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miso" title="Miso – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Miso" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%88" title="میسو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="میسو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miso" title="Miso – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Miso" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miso" title="Miso – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Miso" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miso" title="Miso – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Miso" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%AD-chi%C3%B2ng" title="Mí-chiòng – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Mí-chiòng" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EC%86%8C_(%EC%9D%8C%EC%8B%9D)" title="미소 (음식) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="미소 (음식)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miso" title="Miso – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Miso" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miso" title="Miso – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Miso" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%95" title="מיסו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מיסו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miso" title="Miso – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Miso" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miso" title="Miso – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Miso" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soj%C5%B3_pasta" title="Sojų pasta – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Sojų pasta" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miszo" title="Miszo – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Miszo" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8B" title="മിസോ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മിസോ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miso" title="Miso – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Miso" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AE%E1%80%86%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF" title="မီဆို – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မီဆို" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miso" title="Miso – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Miso" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%91%B3%E5%99%8C" title="味噌 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="味噌" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miso" title="Miso – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Miso" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miso" title="Miso – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Miso" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miso" title="Miso – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Miso" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miss%C3%B4" title="Missô – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Missô" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE" title="Мисо – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мисо" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miso" title="Miso – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Miso" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miso" title="Miso – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Miso" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miso" title="Miso – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Miso" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miso" title="Miso – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Miso" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miso" title="Miso – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Miso" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B0" title="มิโซะ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มิโซะ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miso" title="Miso – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Miso" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%81%D0%BE" title="Місо – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Місо" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miso" title="Miso – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Miso" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%91%B3%E5%99%8C" title="味噌 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="味噌" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BA%AA%E8%B1%89" title="麪豉 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="麪豉" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%91%B3%E5%99%8C" title="味噌 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="味噌" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q235169#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" 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free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Traditional Japanese seasoning</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the traditional East Asian seasoning. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Miso_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Miso (disambiguation)">Miso (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox hrecipe adr"><caption class="infobox-title fn"><span>Miso</span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Miso_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Miso_001.jpg/300px-Miso_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Miso_001.jpg/450px-Miso_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Miso_001.jpg/600px-Miso_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="padding-bottom:0.25em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;">Miso</div></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Alternative names</th><td class="infobox-data">Soybean paste, <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">味噌</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Seasoning" title="Seasoning">Seasoning</a></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Place of origin</th><td class="infobox-data country-name"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Associated <a href="/wiki/List_of_cuisines" title="List of cuisines">cuisine</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_cuisine" title="Japanese cuisine">Japanese</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Main ingredients</th><td class="infobox-data ingredient"><a href="/wiki/Fermentation_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fermentation (food)">Fermented</a> <a href="/wiki/Soybean" title="Soybean">soybeans</a>, salt, <i>kōji</i> (<i><a href="/wiki/Aspergillus_oryzae" title="Aspergillus oryzae">Aspergillus oryzae</a></i>)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-top:0.25em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Miso" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Miso">Media: Miso</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Miso</b><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%81%BF%E3%81%9D" class="extiw" title="wikt:みそ">みそ</a> <span title="English-language text"><span lang="en">or</span></span> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%91%B3%E5%99%8C" class="extiw" title="wikt:味噌">味噌</a></span></span>)</span> is a traditional <a href="/wiki/Japanese_cuisine" title="Japanese cuisine">Japanese seasoning</a>. It is a thick paste produced by <a href="/wiki/Fermentation_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fermentation (food)">fermenting</a> <a href="/wiki/Soybean" title="Soybean">soybeans</a> with salt and <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dji_(food)" title="Kōji (food)">kōji</a> (the fungus <i><a href="/wiki/Aspergillus_oryzae" title="Aspergillus oryzae">Aspergillus oryzae</a></i>), and sometimes rice, barley, <a href="/wiki/Seaweed" title="Seaweed">seaweed</a>, or other ingredients. It is used for sauces and spreads; pickling vegetables, fish, or meats; and mixing with <a href="/wiki/Dashi" title="Dashi">dashi</a> <a href="/wiki/Soup_stock" class="mw-redirect" title="Soup stock">soup stock</a> to serve as <a href="/wiki/Miso_soup" title="Miso soup">miso soup</a>, a Japanese culinary staple food. Miso is high in protein and rich in minerals, and it played an important nutritional role in <a href="/wiki/History_of_Japan#Feudal_Japan" title="History of Japan">feudal Japan</a>. Miso is widely used in both traditional and modern cooking in Japan, and as of 2018 had been gaining worldwide interest.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Typically, miso is salty, but its flavor and aroma depend on the ingredients and fermentation process. Different varieties of miso have been variously described as salty, sweet, earthy, fruity, or <a href="/wiki/Umami" title="Umami">savory</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miso&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NGO_%E5%8D%97_%E3%81%95%E3%82%93%E5%A4%A9_20240324_183510.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/NGO_%E5%8D%97_%E3%81%95%E3%82%93%E5%A4%A9_20240324_183510.jpg/220px-NGO_%E5%8D%97_%E3%81%95%E3%82%93%E5%A4%A9_20240324_183510.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/NGO_%E5%8D%97_%E3%81%95%E3%82%93%E5%A4%A9_20240324_183510.jpg/330px-NGO_%E5%8D%97_%E3%81%95%E3%82%93%E5%A4%A9_20240324_183510.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/NGO_%E5%8D%97_%E3%81%95%E3%82%93%E5%A4%A9_20240324_183510.jpg/440px-NGO_%E5%8D%97_%E3%81%95%E3%82%93%E5%A4%A9_20240324_183510.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Miso_soup" title="Miso soup">Miso soup</a> with clams</figcaption></figure> <p>The origin of miso of Japan is not completely clear. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grain" title="Grain">Grain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fish_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fish (food)">fish</a> misos had been manufactured in Japan since the <a href="/wiki/Neolithic_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Neolithic era">Neolithic era</a> (<a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dmon_period" title="Jōmon period">Jōmon period</a>, 14,000–300 BC).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These are called <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn">jōmon miso</i></span> and are similar to the early fish- and soy-based sauces produced throughout East Asia.</li> <li>This miso predecessor originated in China during the third century BC. <i>Hishio</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%86%A4" class="extiw" title="ja:醤">醤</a></span></span>)</span> and other fermented soy-based foods likely were introduced to Japan at the same time as Buddhism in the sixth century AD.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This fermented food was called <i><a href="/wiki/Douchi" title="Douchi">shi</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%B1%89" class="extiw" title="wikt:豉">豉</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Shì</span></i>). The beginning of the current origin of miso is <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn">mishō</i></span> or <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn">mishou</i></span> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%9C%AA%E9%86%A4" class="extiw" title="wikt:未醤">未醤</a></span></span>) in the <a href="/wiki/Nara_period" title="Nara period">Nara period</a> (710–794);<sup id="cite_ref-Panasonic_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Panasonic-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Abokichi_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Abokichi-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn">hishio</i></span> still meaning beans. It is believed that the word changed to <i>Misho</i> and then <i>Miso</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Panasonic_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Panasonic-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Abokichi_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Abokichi-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Kamakura_period" title="Kamakura period">Kamakura period</a> (1185–1333), a common meal was made up of a bowl of rice, some dried fish, a serving of miso, and a fresh vegetable. Until the <a href="/wiki/Muromachi_period" title="Muromachi period">Muromachi period</a> (1337 to 1573), miso was made without grinding the soybeans, somewhat like <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Natt%C5%8D" title="Nattō">nattō</a></i></span>. In the Muromachi era, <a href="/wiki/Bhikkhu" title="Bhikkhu">Buddhist monks</a> discovered that soybeans could be ground into a paste, spawning new methods using miso to flavor other foods. In medieval times, the word <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn">temaemiso</i></span>, meaning homemade miso, appeared. Miso production is relatively simple, so homemade versions spread throughout Japan. Miso was used as military provisions during the <a href="/wiki/Sengoku_period" title="Sengoku period">Sengoku period</a>, and making miso was an important economic activity for <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Daimy%C5%8Ds" class="mw-redirect" title="Daimyōs">daimyōs</a></i></span> of that era. </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Edo_period" title="Edo period">Edo period</a> (1603–1868), miso was also called <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn">hishio</i></span> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">醤</span></span>) and <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn">kuki</i></span> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">豆支</span></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and various types of miso that fit with each local climate and culture emerged throughout Japan. </p><p>Today, miso is produced industrially in large quantities, and traditional homemade miso has become a rarity. In recent years, many new types of miso have appeared, including ones with added soup stocks or calcium, made with beans other than soy, or having reduced salt for health, among other varieties available. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 213.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%91%B3%E5%99%8C%E8%94%B5%E4%BD%9C%E6%A5%AD%E9%A2%A8%E6%99%AF.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Recreation of miso fermentation process"><img alt="Recreation of miso fermentation process" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/%E5%91%B3%E5%99%8C%E8%94%B5%E4%BD%9C%E6%A5%AD%E9%A2%A8%E6%99%AF.JPG/320px-%E5%91%B3%E5%99%8C%E8%94%B5%E4%BD%9C%E6%A5%AD%E9%A2%A8%E6%99%AF.JPG" decoding="async" width="214" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/%E5%91%B3%E5%99%8C%E8%94%B5%E4%BD%9C%E6%A5%AD%E9%A2%A8%E6%99%AF.JPG/480px-%E5%91%B3%E5%99%8C%E8%94%B5%E4%BD%9C%E6%A5%AD%E9%A2%A8%E6%99%AF.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/%E5%91%B3%E5%99%8C%E8%94%B5%E4%BD%9C%E6%A5%AD%E9%A2%A8%E6%99%AF.JPG/640px-%E5%91%B3%E5%99%8C%E8%94%B5%E4%BD%9C%E6%A5%AD%E9%A2%A8%E6%99%AF.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Recreation of miso fermentation process</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 213.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%EF%BC%96%E5%B0%BA%E6%A1%B6.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Six shaku fermentation barrel, 1839"><img alt="Six shaku fermentation barrel, 1839" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/%EF%BC%96%E5%B0%BA%E6%A1%B6.JPG/330px-%EF%BC%96%E5%B0%BA%E6%A1%B6.JPG" decoding="async" width="214" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/%EF%BC%96%E5%B0%BA%E6%A1%B6.JPG/500px-%EF%BC%96%E5%B0%BA%E6%A1%B6.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/%EF%BC%96%E5%B0%BA%E6%A1%B6.JPG/960px-%EF%BC%96%E5%B0%BA%E6%A1%B6.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Six <i><a href="/wiki/Shaku_(unit)" title="Shaku (unit)">shaku</a></i> fermentation barrel, 1839</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 222px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hatcho-Miso-Kakukyu-8.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Miso packed for transport. Meiji period, 1910"><img alt="Miso packed for transport. Meiji period, 1910" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Hatcho-Miso-Kakukyu-8.jpg/330px-Hatcho-Miso-Kakukyu-8.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Hatcho-Miso-Kakukyu-8.jpg/496px-Hatcho-Miso-Kakukyu-8.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Hatcho-Miso-Kakukyu-8.jpg/661px-Hatcho-Miso-Kakukyu-8.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2685" data-file-height="1951" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Miso packed for transport. <a href="/wiki/Meiji_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Meiji period">Meiji period</a>, 1910</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ingredients">Ingredients</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miso&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Ingredients"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><table class="infobox nowrap"><caption class="infobox-title" style="white-space:normal; padding-bottom:0.15em;">Miso</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Food_energy" title="Food energy">Energy</a></th><td class="infobox-data">831 kJ (199 kcal)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Carbohydrate" title="Carbohydrate">Carbohydrates</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">26.47</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">Sugars</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">6.2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Dietary_fiber" title="Dietary fiber">Dietary fiber</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">5.4</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Fat" title="Fat">Fat</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">6.01</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Saturated_fat" title="Saturated fat">Saturated</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">1.139</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Monounsaturated_fat" title="Monounsaturated fat">Monounsaturated</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">1.242</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Polyunsaturated_fat" title="Polyunsaturated fat">Polyunsaturated</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">3.204</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Protein_(nutrient)" title="Protein (nutrient)">Protein</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">11.69</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Tryptophan" title="Tryptophan">Tryptophan</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">0.155 g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Threonine" title="Threonine">Threonine</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">0.479 g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Isoleucine" title="Isoleucine">Isoleucine</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">0.508 g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Leucine" title="Leucine">Leucine</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">0.82 g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Lysine" title="Lysine">Lysine</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">0.478 g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Methionine" title="Methionine">Methionine</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">0.129 g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Cystine" title="Cystine">Cystine</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">0 g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Phenylalanine" title="Phenylalanine">Phenylalanine</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">0.486 g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Tyrosine" title="Tyrosine">Tyrosine</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">0.352 g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Valine" title="Valine">Valine</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">0.547 g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Arginine" title="Arginine">Arginine</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">0.784 g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Histidine" title="Histidine">Histidine</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">0.243 g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Alanine" title="Alanine">Alanine</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">0.5 g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Aspartic_acid" title="Aspartic acid">Aspartic acid</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">1.171 g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Glutamic_acid" title="Glutamic acid">Glutamic acid</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">1.915 g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Glycine" title="Glycine">Glycine</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">0.447 g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Proline" title="Proline">Proline</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">0.619 g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Serine" title="Serine">Serine</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">0.601 g</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="; ; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="line-height:normal; padding:0.2em; ;"><div style="text-align: center; padding: 0 0.4em; margin: 0 3.3em">Vitamins and minerals</div></th> </tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><b style="margin-left:-0.65em"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin" title="Vitamin">Vitamins</a></b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><b>Quantity</b> <div style="float: right;"><abbr title="Percentage of Daily Value"><b>%DV</b></abbr><sup>†</sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_A" title="Vitamin A">Vitamin A equiv.</a><div style="padding-left:0.65em;padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Beta-Carotene" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta-Carotene">beta-Carotene</a></div><div style="padding-left:0.65em;padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Lutein" title="Lutein">lutein</a> <a href="/wiki/Zeaxanthin" title="Zeaxanthin">zeaxanthin</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">0%</div> 4 μg<div style="padding-left:0.65em;padding-top:0.25em;"><div style="float: right;">0%</div>52 μg</div><div style="padding-left:0.65em;padding-top:0.25em;">0 μg</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Thiamine" title="Thiamine">Thiamine (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">1</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">8%</div> 0.098 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Riboflavin" title="Riboflavin">Riboflavin (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">2</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">18%</div> 0.233 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Niacin_(nutrient)" class="mw-redirect" title="Niacin (nutrient)">Niacin (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">3</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">6%</div> 0.906 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Pantothenic_acid" title="Pantothenic acid">Pantothenic acid (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">5</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">7%</div> 0.337 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_B6" title="Vitamin B6">Vitamin B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;">6</span></a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">12%</div> 0.199 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Folate" title="Folate">Folate (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">9</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">5%</div> 19 μg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_B12" title="Vitamin B12">Vitamin B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;">12</span></a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">3%</div> 0.08 μg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Choline" title="Choline">Choline</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">13%</div> 72.2 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_C" title="Vitamin C">Vitamin C</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">0%</div> 0 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_D" title="Vitamin D">Vitamin D</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">0%</div> 0 IU</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_E" title="Vitamin E">Vitamin E</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">0%</div> 0.01 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_K" title="Vitamin K">Vitamin K</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">24%</div> 29.3 μg</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><b style="margin-left:-0.65em"><a href="/wiki/Mineral_(nutrient)" title="Mineral (nutrient)">Minerals</a></b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><b>Quantity</b> <div style="float: right;"><abbr title="Percentage of Daily Value"><b>%DV</b></abbr><sup>†</sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Calcium_in_biology#Humans" title="Calcium in biology">Calcium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">4%</div> 57 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Human_iron_metabolism" title="Human iron metabolism">Iron</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">14%</div> 2.49 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_in_biology" title="Magnesium in biology">Magnesium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">11%</div> 48 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Manganese#Human_health_and_nutrition" title="Manganese">Manganese</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">37%</div> 0.859 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus#Biological_role" title="Phosphorus">Phosphorus</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">13%</div> 159 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Potassium_in_biology" title="Potassium in biology">Potassium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">7%</div> 210 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Selenium_in_biology" title="Selenium in biology">Selenium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">13%</div> 7 μg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Sodium_in_biology" title="Sodium in biology">Sodium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">162%</div> 3728 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Zinc#Biological_role" title="Zinc">Zinc</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">23%</div> 2.56 mg</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><b style="margin-left:-0.65em">Other constituents</b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><b>Quantity</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;">Water</th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">50</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol"><span class="wrap">Alcohol <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">'"`UNIQ--templatestyles-00000019-QINU`"'</style><span class="nobold">(ethanol)</span></span></a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">0</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below wrap" style="background:#e0e0e0;padding:0.3em;line-height:1.5em;font-weight:normal;font-size:0.9em"><sup>†</sup>Percentages estimated using <a href="/wiki/Reference_Daily_Intake#Daily_Values" title="Reference Daily Intake">US recommendations</a> for adults,<sup id="cite_ref-FDADailyValues_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDADailyValues-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from <a href="/wiki/National_Academies_of_Sciences,_Engineering,_and_Medicine" title="National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine">the National Academies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NationalAcademiesPotassium_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NationalAcademiesPotassium-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The ingredients used to produce miso may include any mix of <a href="/wiki/Soybean" title="Soybean">soybeans</a>, barley, rice, <a href="/wiki/Buckwheat" title="Buckwheat">buckwheat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Millet" title="Millet">millet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rye" title="Rye">rye</a>, wheat, <a href="/wiki/Hemp" title="Hemp">hemp</a> seed, and <a href="/wiki/Cycad" title="Cycad">cycad</a>, among others. Lately, producers in other countries have also begun selling miso made from chickpeas, corn, <a href="/wiki/Azuki_bean" class="mw-redirect" title="Azuki bean">azuki beans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amaranth" title="Amaranth">amaranth</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Quinoa" title="Quinoa">quinoa</a>. Fermentation time ranges from as little as five days to several years. The variety of Japanese miso is difficult to classify but is commonly done by grain type, color, taste, and background. </p> <ul><li><span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">mugi</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">麦</span></span>)</span>: <a href="/wiki/Barley" title="Barley">barley</a></li> <li><span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">tsubu</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">粒</span></span>)</span>: whole wheat/barley</li> <li><span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">genmai</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">玄米</span></span>)</span>: <a href="/wiki/Brown_rice" title="Brown rice">brown rice</a></li> <li><span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">moromi</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">醪</span></span>)</span>: chunky, healthy (<span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn">kōji</i></span> is unblended)</li> <li><span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">nanban</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">南蛮</span></span>)</span>: mixed with hot chili pepper for dipping sauce</li> <li><span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">taima</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">大麻</span></span>)</span>: <a href="/wiki/Hemp" title="Hemp">hemp seed</a></li> <li><span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">sobamugi</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">蕎麦</span></span>)</span>: <a href="/wiki/Buckwheat" title="Buckwheat">buckwheat</a></li> <li><span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">hadakamugi</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">裸麦</span></span>)</span>: Highland barley</li> <li><span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">nari</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">蘇鉄</span></span>)</span>: made from <a href="/wiki/Cycad" title="Cycad">cycad</a> pulp, Buddhist temple diet</li> <li><span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">gokoku</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">五穀</span></span>)</span>: "five-grain": soy, wheat, barley, <a href="/wiki/Proso_millet" title="Proso millet">proso millet</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Foxtail_millet" title="Foxtail millet">foxtail millet</a></li></ul> <p>Many regions have their own specific variation on the miso standard. For example, the <a href="/wiki/Soybean" title="Soybean">soybeans</a> used in <a href="/wiki/Sendai" title="Sendai">Sendai</a> miso are much more coarsely mashed than in normal soy miso. </p><p>Miso made with rice such as <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn">shinshu</i></span> miso (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">信州味噌</span></span>) and <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn">shiro</i></span> miso (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">白味噌</span></span>) are called <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn">kome</i></span> miso (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">米味噌</span></span>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types_and_flavor">Types and flavor</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miso&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Types and flavor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Miso_003.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Miso_003.jpg/250px-Miso_003.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Miso_003.jpg/330px-Miso_003.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Miso_003.jpg/500px-Miso_003.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1136" data-file-height="852" /></a><figcaption><i>Akamiso</i> (red miso) has a reddish-brown color.</figcaption></figure> <p>Miso's taste, aroma, texture, and appearance vary by region and season. Other important variables that contribute to a particular miso's flavor include temperature, <a href="/wiki/Fermentation" title="Fermentation">fermentation</a> duration, salt content, variety of <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn">kōji</i></span>, and fermenting vessel. The most common flavor categories of miso are: </p> <ul><li><span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn">Shiromiso</i></span>, "white miso"</li> <li><span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn">Akamiso</i></span>, "red miso"</li> <li><span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn">Awasemiso</i></span>, "mixed miso"</li></ul> <p>Although white and red (<span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn">shiromiso</i></span> and <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn">akamiso</i></span>) are the most common misos available, different varieties may be preferred in particular regions of Japan. In the eastern <a href="/wiki/Kant%C5%8D_region" title="Kantō region">Kantō region</a> that includes Tokyo, the darker brownish <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn">akamiso</i></span> is popular while in the western <a href="/wiki/Kansai" class="mw-redirect" title="Kansai">Kansai</a> region encompassing <a href="/wiki/Osaka" title="Osaka">Osaka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyoto" title="Kyoto">Kyoto</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kobe" title="Kobe">Kobe</a>, the lighter <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn">shiromiso</i></span> is preferred. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E5%91%B3%E5%99%8C%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A1%E3%83%B3%EF%BC%88%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E5%91%B3%E5%99%8C%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A1%E3%83%B3%E6%B3%B0%E6%88%91%EF%BC%89.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E5%91%B3%E5%99%8C%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A1%E3%83%B3%EF%BC%88%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E5%91%B3%E5%99%8C%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A1%E3%83%B3%E6%B3%B0%E6%88%91%EF%BC%89.jpg/220px-%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E5%91%B3%E5%99%8C%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A1%E3%83%B3%EF%BC%88%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E5%91%B3%E5%99%8C%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A1%E3%83%B3%E6%B3%B0%E6%88%91%EF%BC%89.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E5%91%B3%E5%99%8C%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A1%E3%83%B3%EF%BC%88%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E5%91%B3%E5%99%8C%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A1%E3%83%B3%E6%B3%B0%E6%88%91%EF%BC%89.jpg/330px-%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E5%91%B3%E5%99%8C%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A1%E3%83%B3%EF%BC%88%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E5%91%B3%E5%99%8C%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A1%E3%83%B3%E6%B3%B0%E6%88%91%EF%BC%89.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E5%91%B3%E5%99%8C%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A1%E3%83%B3%EF%BC%88%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E5%91%B3%E5%99%8C%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A1%E3%83%B3%E6%B3%B0%E6%88%91%EF%BC%89.jpg/440px-%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E5%91%B3%E5%99%8C%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A1%E3%83%B3%EF%BC%88%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E5%91%B3%E5%99%8C%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A1%E3%83%B3%E6%B3%B0%E6%88%91%EF%BC%89.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2672" /></a><figcaption>Bowl of <a href="/wiki/Ramen" title="Ramen">ramen</a> with miso broth</figcaption></figure> <p>A more nuanced breakdown of the flavors is as follows: </p> <ul><li><span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn">Kome</i></span> miso (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">米味噌</span></span>) or "rice miso" can be yellow, yellowish white, red, etc. Whitish miso is made from boiled soybeans, and reddish miso is made from steamed soybeans. <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn">Kome</i></span> miso is consumed more in eastern Japan and the Hokuriku and Kinki areas.</li> <li><span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn">Mugi</i></span> miso (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">麦味噌</span></span>) or "barley miso" is a whitish miso produced in Kyushu, western Chugoku, and Shikoku areas. Another reddish <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn">mugi</i></span> miso is produced in the northern Kanto area. <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn">Mugi</i></span> miso has a peculiar smell.</li> <li><span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn">Mame</i></span> miso (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">豆味噌</span></span>) or "soybean miso" is a darker, more reddish brown than <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn">kome</i></span> miso. This is not as sweet as some other varieties, but it has some astringency and good <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Umami" title="Umami">umami</a></i></span> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">旨味</span></span>) flavor. This miso requires a long maturing term. <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn">Mame</i></span> miso is consumed mostly in Aichi prefecture, Gifu prefecture, and Mie prefecture. Soybean (grain-free) miso is also labeled <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Hatch%C5%8D_miso" class="mw-redirect" title="Hatchō miso">hatchō miso</a></i></span> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">八丁味噌</span></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn">Hatchō miso</i></span> is an <a href="/wiki/Okazaki,_Aichi" title="Okazaki, Aichi">Okazaki, Aichi</a> specialty and has its origins in <a href="/wiki/Mikawa_Province" title="Mikawa Province">Mikawa Province</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Sengoku_period" title="Sengoku period">Sengoku period</a>. The processing method with large wooden barrels and stones on the lid remains unchanged.</li> <li><span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn">Chōgō</i></span> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">調合</span></span>) or <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn">Awase</i></span> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">合わせ</span></span>) miso, or "mixed miso", comes in many types because it is a mixture or compound of other varieties of miso. This may improve the weak points of each type of miso. For example, <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn">mame</i></span> miso is very salty, but when combined with <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn">kome</i></span> miso, the finished product has a mild taste.</li> <li><span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn">Akamiso</i></span> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">赤味噌</span></span>) or red miso is aged, sometimes for more than one year. As a result, due to the <a href="/wiki/Maillard_reaction" title="Maillard reaction">Maillard reaction</a>, the color changes gradually from white to red or black, thus giving it the name red miso. Characteristics of the flavor are saltiness and some astringency with umami. It is often a much stronger-tasting miso. Factors in the depth of color are the formula of the soybeans and the quantity used. Generally, steamed soybeans are more deeply colored than boiled soybeans.</li> <li><span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn">Shiromiso</i></span> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">白味噌</span></span>) or white miso is the most widely produced miso, made in many regions of the country. Its main ingredients are rice, barley, and a small quantity of soybeans. If more soybeans were added, the miso would be red or brown. Compared with red miso, white miso has a very short fermentation time. The taste is sweet, and the umami is soft or light (compared to red miso).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chemical_properties_of_flavor_and_aroma_compounds">Chemical properties of flavor and aroma compounds</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miso&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Chemical properties of flavor and aroma compounds"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Miso_Saba.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Miso_Saba.jpg/250px-Miso_Saba.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Miso_Saba.jpg/330px-Miso_Saba.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Miso_Saba.jpg/500px-Miso_Saba.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Miso used to flavor <i><a href="/wiki/Mackerel" title="Mackerel">saba</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p>The distinct and unique aroma of miso determines its quality. Many reactions occur among the components of miso, primarily the Maillard reaction, a non-enzymatic reaction of an amino group with a reducing sugar. The volatile compounds produced from this reaction give miso its characteristic flavor and aroma. Depending on the microorganism in combination with the variety of soybean or cereal used, many flavor compounds are produced that give rise to the different types of miso. Fermentation products such as <a href="/wiki/Furanone" class="mw-redirect" title="Furanone">furanone</a> compounds, including 4-hydroxy-2(or 5)-ethyl-5(or 2)-methyl-3(2H)-furanone (HEMF) and 4-hydroxy-2,5 dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone (HDMF) are novel flavor compounds of miso.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> HEMF is especially known for its sweet aroma and is very important for the sensory evaluation of the aroma of rice miso.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The unique sensory properties of miso are complex. The key factor in the final product's overall quality is the microorganisms' enzymatic activity. They use the composition of miso (rice, barley, and soybeans) to produce different pigments, flavors, and aroma compounds. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Proteolysis" title="Proteolysis">Proteolysis</a> of soybean protein produces constituent amino acids that impart an <a href="/wiki/Umami" title="Umami">umami</a> taste that enhances the relatively dull taste of soybean by itself.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Soy protein contains a substantial amount of <a href="/wiki/Glutamate" class="mw-redirect" title="Glutamate">glutamate</a>, the salt of which is known as MSG or <a href="/wiki/Monosodium_glutamate" title="Monosodium glutamate">monosodium glutamate</a>, a popular ingredient used by food manufacturers to improve the taste of their products.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The umami effect of MSG itself is one-dimensional. The umami taste of miso is multidimensional because of the myriad amino acids and fermentation products. </p><p>Barley miso is a traditional farmhouse variety made for personal use. Often called "rural miso", domestic barley is used more than imported barley. Containing glutamic acid and aromatic compounds such as <a href="/wiki/Ferulic_acid" title="Ferulic acid">ferulic acid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vanillic_acid" title="Vanillic acid">vanillic acid</a>, barley miso is distinguished by a characteristic flavor.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fermentation">Fermentation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miso&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Fermentation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Miso_packs_Apr_30_2019_04-28PM.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Miso_packs_Apr_30_2019_04-28PM.jpeg/250px-Miso_packs_Apr_30_2019_04-28PM.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Miso_packs_Apr_30_2019_04-28PM.jpeg/330px-Miso_packs_Apr_30_2019_04-28PM.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Miso_packs_Apr_30_2019_04-28PM.jpeg/500px-Miso_packs_Apr_30_2019_04-28PM.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Fresh <i>miso</i> sold in <a href="/wiki/Mito,_Ibaraki" title="Mito, Ibaraki">Mito City</a>, Japan</figcaption></figure> <p>Miso's unique properties and flavor profile can be attributed to the compounds produced through the fermentation process. Miso, depending on the variety, consists of a starter culture called <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Aspergillus_oryzae" title="Aspergillus oryzae">kōji</a></i></span> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">麹</span></span>), soybeans, and usually a grain (either rice, barley, or rye).<sup id="cite_ref-Oxford_Companion_3_ed_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oxford_Companion_3_ed-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The miso goes through a two-step process; first creating the <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn">kōji</i></span>, and second the <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn">kōji</i></span> is combined with the other components, and the mixture is left to be enzymatically digested, fermented and aged. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Creating_koji">Creating koji</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miso&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Creating koji"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CodazziMisoKioke1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/CodazziMisoKioke1.jpg/250px-CodazziMisoKioke1.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="296" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/CodazziMisoKioke1.jpg/500px-CodazziMisoKioke1.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="676" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hatch%C5%8D_Miso" class="mw-redirect" title="Hatchō Miso"><i>Hatchō miso</i></a> fermenting in barrels</figcaption></figure> <p>Koji is produced by introducing the <a href="/wiki/Mold" title="Mold">mold</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Aspergillus_oryzae" title="Aspergillus oryzae">Aspergillus oryzae</a></i> onto steamed white rice. This mold culture comes from dried <i>A. oryzae</i> spores called <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn">tane-kōji</i></span> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja-Hani">種麹</span></span>, <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja-Hira">たねこうじ</span></span>) or "starter koji" and is isolated from plant matter (usually rice) and cultivated.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the past, the natural presence of <i>A. oryzae</i> spores was relied upon to create koji, but because of the difficulty of producing the culture, <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn">tane-kōji</i></span> is added almost exclusively in both industrial and traditional production of miso. <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn">Tane-kōji</i></span> is produced much in the same way as koji, but also has a small portion of wood ash added to the mixture<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which gives important nutrients to the fungus as well as promoting <a href="/wiki/Sporulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Sporulation">sporulation</a>. </p><p><i>A. oryzae</i> is an aerobic fungus and is the most active fermenting agent in koji<sup id="cite_ref-Oxford_Companion_3_ed_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oxford_Companion_3_ed-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as it produces <a href="/wiki/Amylolytic" class="mw-redirect" title="Amylolytic">amylolytic</a>, and proteolytic enzymes which are essential to creating the final miso product. Amylolytic enzymes such as amylase aid in the breakdown of starch in the grains to sugar and dextrin,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while proteolytic enzymes such as protease catalyze the breakdown of proteins into smaller peptides or amino acids. These both aid in the enzymatic digestion of rice and soybeans. Depending on the strain of <i>A. oryzae</i>, the enzymatic composition varies, thereby changing the characteristics of the final miso product. For example, the strain used to create the sweeter white miso would likely produce a higher content of amylolytic enzymes, while comparatively, soybean miso might have a higher content of proteolytic enzymes. </p><p>To create optimal conditions for enzymatic production and the growth of <i>A. oryzae</i>, the koji's environment must be carefully regulated. Temperature, humidity, and oxygen content are all important factors in maximizing mold growth and enzyme production and preventing other harmful bacteria from producing. Once the koji has reached a desirable flavor profile, it is usually mixed with salt to prevent further fermentation.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although other strains of fungi have been used to produce koji, <i>A. oryzae</i> is the most desirable because of several properties, including the fact that it does not produce <a href="/wiki/Aflatoxin" title="Aflatoxin">aflatoxin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Storage_and_preparation">Storage and preparation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miso&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Storage and preparation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Miso_002.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Miso_002.jpg/250px-Miso_002.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Miso_002.jpg/330px-Miso_002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Miso_002.jpg/500px-Miso_002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4500" data-file-height="2994" /></a><figcaption><i>Miso</i> is often sold in square containers</figcaption></figure> <p>Miso typically comes as a paste in a sealed container requiring refrigeration after opening. Natural miso is a living food containing many <a href="/wiki/Probiotic" title="Probiotic">beneficial microorganisms</a> such as <i><a href="/wiki/Tetragenococcus_halophilus" title="Tetragenococcus halophilus">Tetragenococcus halophilus</a></i>, which can be killed by overcooking. For this reason, the miso should be added to soups or other foods prepared just before they are removed from the heat. Using miso without any cooking may be even better.<sup id="cite_ref-Shurtleff_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shurtleff-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage">Usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miso&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jin_Kichi,_Hampstead,_London_(3955079167).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Jin_Kichi%2C_Hampstead%2C_London_%283955079167%29.jpg/250px-Jin_Kichi%2C_Hampstead%2C_London_%283955079167%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Jin_Kichi%2C_Hampstead%2C_London_%283955079167%29.jpg/330px-Jin_Kichi%2C_Hampstead%2C_London_%283955079167%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Jin_Kichi%2C_Hampstead%2C_London_%283955079167%29.jpg/500px-Jin_Kichi%2C_Hampstead%2C_London_%283955079167%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3776" data-file-height="2520" /></a><figcaption><i>Nasu dengaku</i>, or <a href="/wiki/Eggplant" title="Eggplant">eggplant</a> with miso sauce</figcaption></figure> <p>Miso is a part of many Japanese-style meals. It most commonly appears as the main ingredient of <a href="/wiki/Miso_soup" title="Miso soup">miso soup</a>, which is eaten daily by much of the Japanese population. The pairing of plain rice and miso soup is a fundamental unit of <a href="/wiki/Japanese_cuisine" title="Japanese cuisine">Japanese cuisine</a>. This pairing is the basis of a traditional Japanese breakfast. </p><p>Miso is used in many other types of soup and soup-like dishes, including some kinds of <a href="/wiki/Ramen" title="Ramen">ramen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Udon" title="Udon">udon</a>, <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Nabemono" title="Nabemono">nabe</a></i></span>, and <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Imoni" title="Imoni">imoni</a></i></span>. Generally, such dishes have the title miso prefixed to their name (for example, <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn">miso-udon</i></span>) and have a heavier, earthier flavor and aroma than other Japanese soups that are not miso-based. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Miso_tonkatsu_at_Toyota_Automobile_Museum_cafe_2022.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Miso_tonkatsu_at_Toyota_Automobile_Museum_cafe_2022.jpg/250px-Miso_tonkatsu_at_Toyota_Automobile_Museum_cafe_2022.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Miso_tonkatsu_at_Toyota_Automobile_Museum_cafe_2022.jpg/330px-Miso_tonkatsu_at_Toyota_Automobile_Museum_cafe_2022.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Miso_tonkatsu_at_Toyota_Automobile_Museum_cafe_2022.jpg/500px-Miso_tonkatsu_at_Toyota_Automobile_Museum_cafe_2022.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="810" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Tonkatsu" title="Tonkatsu">Tonkatsu</a></i> (fried pork cutlet) with miso based sauce</figcaption></figure> <p>Many traditional confections use a sweet, thick miso glaze, such as <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Mochi" title="Mochi">mochi</a></i></span> and <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Dango" title="Dango">dango</a></i></span>. Miso-glazed treats are strongly associated with <a href="/wiki/Japanese_festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese festival">Japanese festivals</a>, although they are available year-round at supermarkets. The consistency of miso glaze ranges from thick and <a href="/wiki/Taffy_(candy)" title="Taffy (candy)">taffy</a>-like to thin and drippy. </p><p>Soybean miso is used to make a type of <a href="/wiki/Pickling" title="Pickling">pickle</a> called <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn">misozuke</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These pickles are typically made from <a href="/wiki/Cucumber" title="Cucumber">cucumber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daikon" title="Daikon">daikon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Napa_cabbage" title="Napa cabbage">napa cabbage</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Eggplant" title="Eggplant">eggplant</a>, and are sweeter and less salty than the standard <a href="/wiki/Tsukemono" title="Tsukemono">Japanese salt pickle</a>. </p><p>Other foods with miso as an ingredient include: </p> <ul><li><span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn">dengaku</i></span> (miso sweetened with molasses used for grilling)</li> <li><span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Yakimochi" title="Yakimochi">yakimochi</a></i></span> (charcoal-grilled <a href="/wiki/Mochi_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mochi (food)">mochi</a> covered in miso)</li> <li>miso-braised <a href="/wiki/Vegetable" title="Vegetable">vegetables</a> or <a href="/wiki/Edible_mushroom" title="Edible mushroom">mushrooms</a></li> <li>marinades: fish or chicken can be mixed with miso and <a href="/wiki/Sake" title="Sake">rice wine</a> overnight to be grilled</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_on_the_cob" title="Corn on the cob">corn on the cob</a> in Japan is often coated with <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn">shiro miso</i></span>, wrapped in foil and grilled</li> <li>sauces: sauces like <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn">misoyaki</i></span> (a variant on <a href="/wiki/Teriyaki" title="Teriyaki">teriyaki</a>)</li> <li>dips: used as a dip to eat with vegetables (e.g., cucumbers, daikon, <a href="/wiki/Carrot" title="Carrot">carrots</a>, etc.)</li> <li>side dish: miso is often eaten as a condiment and a side dish. Mixed or cooked miso with spices or vegetables is called <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn">okazu-miso</i></span> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">おかず味噌</span></span>), often eaten along with hot rice or spread over <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Onigiri" title="Onigiri">onigiri</a></i></span></li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Miso_Soup_(12396643945).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dark miso soup"><img alt="Dark miso soup" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Miso_Soup_%2812396643945%29.jpg/338px-Miso_Soup_%2812396643945%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Miso_Soup_%2812396643945%29.jpg/507px-Miso_Soup_%2812396643945%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Miso_Soup_%2812396643945%29.jpg/675px-Miso_Soup_%2812396643945%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4104" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Dark <a href="/wiki/Miso_soup" title="Miso soup">miso soup</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Miso_oden_by_jetalone_in_Mount_Takao,_Hachioji.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Miso on konnyaku as oden"><img alt="Miso on konnyaku as oden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Miso_oden_by_jetalone_in_Mount_Takao%2C_Hachioji.jpg/330px-Miso_oden_by_jetalone_in_Mount_Takao%2C_Hachioji.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Miso_oden_by_jetalone_in_Mount_Takao%2C_Hachioji.jpg/500px-Miso_oden_by_jetalone_in_Mount_Takao%2C_Hachioji.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Miso_oden_by_jetalone_in_Mount_Takao%2C_Hachioji.jpg/960px-Miso_oden_by_jetalone_in_Mount_Takao%2C_Hachioji.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Miso on <i><a href="/wiki/Konnyaku" class="mw-redirect" title="Konnyaku">konnyaku</a></i> as <i><a href="/wiki/Oden" title="Oden">oden</a></i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 232px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Miso_yaki_onigiri.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Miso onigiri"><img alt="Miso onigiri" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Miso_yaki_onigiri.jpg/500px-Miso_yaki_onigiri.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Miso_yaki_onigiri.jpg/960px-Miso_yaki_onigiri.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="3639" data-file-height="2372" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Miso <i><a href="/wiki/Onigiri" title="Onigiri">onigiri</a></i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NGO_Nakamura_Meihoku_Hanten_Misokatsu_Reimen_20230826_154616.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dark miso sauce on tonkatsu"><img alt="Dark miso sauce on tonkatsu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/NGO_Nakamura_Meihoku_Hanten_Misokatsu_Reimen_20230826_154616.jpg/300px-NGO_Nakamura_Meihoku_Hanten_Misokatsu_Reimen_20230826_154616.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/NGO_Nakamura_Meihoku_Hanten_Misokatsu_Reimen_20230826_154616.jpg/451px-NGO_Nakamura_Meihoku_Hanten_Misokatsu_Reimen_20230826_154616.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/NGO_Nakamura_Meihoku_Hanten_Misokatsu_Reimen_20230826_154616.jpg/600px-NGO_Nakamura_Meihoku_Hanten_Misokatsu_Reimen_20230826_154616.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Dark miso sauce on <i><a href="/wiki/Tonkatsu" title="Tonkatsu">tonkatsu</a></i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Misonikomiudon_20201201-10.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Miso udon with tempura"><img alt="Miso udon with tempura" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Misonikomiudon_20201201-10.jpg/500px-Misonikomiudon_20201201-10.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Misonikomiudon_20201201-10.jpg/960px-Misonikomiudon_20201201-10.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="5333" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Miso <a href="/wiki/Udon" title="Udon">udon</a> with <a href="/wiki/Tempura" title="Tempura">tempura</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 220px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 218px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E3%81%8B%E3%82%89%E3%81%BF%E3%81%9D%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A1%E3%83%B3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Miso ramen"><img alt="Miso ramen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/%E3%81%8B%E3%82%89%E3%81%BF%E3%81%9D%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A1%E3%83%B3.jpg/330px-%E3%81%8B%E3%82%89%E3%81%BF%E3%81%9D%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A1%E3%83%B3.jpg" decoding="async" width="218" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/%E3%81%8B%E3%82%89%E3%81%BF%E3%81%9D%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A1%E3%83%B3.jpg/500px-%E3%81%8B%E3%82%89%E3%81%BF%E3%81%9D%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A1%E3%83%B3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/%E3%81%8B%E3%82%89%E3%81%BF%E3%81%9D%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A1%E3%83%B3.jpg/960px-%E3%81%8B%E3%82%89%E3%81%BF%E3%81%9D%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A1%E3%83%B3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2992" data-file-height="2060" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Miso <a href="/wiki/Ramen" title="Ramen">ramen</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Squid,_miso,_cucumber_salad_(5442215090).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Miso on cucumber and squid salad"><img alt="Miso on cucumber and squid salad" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Squid%2C_miso%2C_cucumber_salad_%285442215090%29.jpg/300px-Squid%2C_miso%2C_cucumber_salad_%285442215090%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Squid%2C_miso%2C_cucumber_salad_%285442215090%29.jpg/451px-Squid%2C_miso%2C_cucumber_salad_%285442215090%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Squid%2C_miso%2C_cucumber_salad_%285442215090%29.jpg/600px-Squid%2C_miso%2C_cucumber_salad_%285442215090%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Miso on <a href="/wiki/Cucumber" title="Cucumber">cucumber</a> and <a href="/wiki/Squid" title="Squid">squid</a> salad</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nutrition_and_health">Nutrition and health</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miso&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Nutrition and health"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Claims that miso is high in <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_B12" title="Vitamin B12">vitamin B<sub>12</sub></a> have been contradicted in some studies.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some experts suggest that miso is a source of <i><a href="/wiki/Lactobacillus_acidophilus" title="Lactobacillus acidophilus">Lactobacillus acidophilus</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Miso is relatively high in salt which could contribute to increased blood pressure in the small percentage of the population with sodium-sensitive <a href="/wiki/Prehypertension" title="Prehypertension">prehypertension</a> or <a href="/wiki/Hypertension" title="Hypertension">hypertension</a>. Several studies using salt-sensitive hypertensive models and analyzing long-term intake have suggested that miso lessens salt's effects on blood pressure.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miso&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Foodlogo2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/40px-Foodlogo2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/60px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/120px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="146" data-file-height="106" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Food" title="Portal:Food">Food portal</a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><span title="Chinese-language text"><i lang="zh-Latn"><a href="/wiki/D%C3%B2ub%C3%A0nji%C3%A0ng" class="mw-redirect" title="Dòubànjiàng">Dòubànjiàng</a></i></span> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">豆瓣醬</span></span>)</li> <li><span title="Korean-language text"><i lang="ko-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Doenjang" title="Doenjang">Doenjang</a></i></span> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">된장</span></span>)</li> <li><span title="Chinese-language text"><i lang="zh-Latn"><a href="/wiki/D%C3%B2uch%C7%90" class="mw-redirect" title="Dòuchǐ">Dòuchǐ</a></i></span> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">豆豉</span></span>)</li> <li><span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Hozon" title="Hozon">Hozon</a></i></span> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">保存</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fermented_bean_paste" title="Fermented bean paste">Fermented bean paste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fermented_soy_products" title="List of fermented soy products">List of fermented soy products</a></li> <li><span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Marukome" title="Marukome">Marukome</a></i></span> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">マルコメ</span></span>), a Japanese miso soup paste producer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soy_sauce" title="Soy sauce">Soy sauce</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tauco" title="Tauco">Tauco</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">豆醬</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">dòujiàng</span></i>; <a href="/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB" title="Pe̍h-ōe-jī">Pe̍h-ōe-jī</a>: <i><span lang="nan-Latn">tāu-chiùⁿ</span></i>)</li> <li><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi"><a href="/wiki/T%C6%B0%C6%A1ng" title="Tương">Tương</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_soybean_paste" title="Yellow soybean paste">Yellow soybean paste</a></li> <li><span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Natt%C5%8D" title="Nattō">Nattō</a></i></span> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">納豆</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marmite" title="Marmite">Marmite</a> Yeast extract</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miso&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation techreport cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchandmarkets.com/research/mgp9m3/global_miso?w=4"><i>Global Miso Market 2018-2022</i></a> (Technical report). Research and Markets. 27 March 2018. IRTNTR21132<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Global+Miso+Market+2018-2022&rft.pub=Research+and+Markets&rft.date=2018-03-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchandmarkets.com%2Fresearch%2Fmgp9m3%2Fglobal_miso%3Fw%3D4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yamajirushi.co.jp/misohanashi/hana2re4.htm">"お味噌の歴史 (The History of Miso)"</a> (in Japanese). Yamajirushi Jyozo<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-11-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E3%81%8A%E5%91%B3%E5%99%8C%E3%81%AE%E6%AD%B4%E5%8F%B2+%28The+History+of+Miso%29&rft.pub=Yamajirushi+Jyozo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yamajirushi.co.jp%2Fmisohanashi%2Fhana2re4.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFShurtleffAoyagi2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Shurtleff" title="William Shurtleff">Shurtleff, William</a>; <a href="/wiki/Akiko_Aoyagi" title="Akiko Aoyagi">Aoyagi, Akiko</a> (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ahgFlXnDZ54C&pg=PA627"><i>History of Miso, Soybean Jiang (China), Jang (Korea) and Tauco (Indonesia) (200 BC-2009)</i></a>. Soyinfo Center. p. 627. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-928914-22-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-928914-22-8"><bdi>978-1-928914-22-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Miso%2C+Soybean+Jiang+%28China%29%2C+Jang+%28Korea%29+and+Tauco+%28Indonesia%29+%28200+BC-2009%29&rft.pages=627&rft.pub=Soyinfo+Center&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-928914-22-8&rft.aulast=Shurtleff&rft.aufirst=William&rft.au=Aoyagi%2C+Akiko&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DahgFlXnDZ54C%26pg%3DPA627&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAlbala2007" class="citation book cs1">Albala, Ken (2007). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/beanshistory0000alba"><i>Beans: a history</i></a></span>. Berg Publishers. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/beanshistory0000alba/page/216">216</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84520-430-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84520-430-3"><bdi>978-1-84520-430-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beans%3A+a+history&rft.pages=216&rft.pub=Berg+Publishers&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-84520-430-3&rft.aulast=Albala&rft.aufirst=Ken&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbeanshistory0000alba&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Panasonic-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Panasonic_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Panasonic_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gccatapult.panasonic.com/en/stories/story05.php">"Open innovation of Marukome and Panasonic to create "New Miso Life"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Panasonic.com</i>. Naoaki Yamamoto. 2018-03-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-11-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Whats4eats.com&rft.atitle=Misozuke+Recipe+%28Japanese+miso+pickle%29&rft.date=2008-07-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.whats4eats.com%2Frecipes%2Fr_pi_misozuke.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080822090753/http://www.vegsoc.org/info/b12.html">"Vitamin B12"</a>. <i>The Vegetarian Society</i>. The Vegetarian Society of the United Kingdom Limited. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-11-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lactobacillus+acidophilus&rft.pub=University+of+Maryland+Medical+Center+%28UMMC%29&rft.date=2011-05-24&rft.aulast=Ehrlich&rft.aufirst=Steven+D.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fumm.edu%2Fhealth%2Fmedical%2Faltmed%2Fsupplement%2Flactobacillus-acidophilus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFIto2020" class="citation journal cs1">Ito, Koji (2020-08-31). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7461326">"Review of the health benefits of habitual consumption of miso soup: focus on the effects on sympathetic nerve activity, blood pressure, and heart rate"</a>. <i>Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine</i>. <b>25</b> (1): 45. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fs12199-020-00883-4">10.1186/s12199-020-00883-4</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1347-4715">1347-4715</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7461326">7461326</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32867671">32867671</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+and+Preventive+Medicine&rft.atitle=Review+of+the+health+benefits+of+habitual+consumption+of+miso+soup%3A+focus+on+the+effects+on+sympathetic+nerve+activity%2C+blood+pressure%2C+and+heart+rate&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=45&rft.date=2020-08-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7461326%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=1347-4715&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32867671&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2Fs12199-020-00883-4&rft.aulast=Ito&rft.aufirst=Koji&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7461326&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKondoSakuyama_TomariYamakawaKitagawa2019" class="citation journal cs1">Kondo, Hiroaki; Sakuyama Tomari, Hiroe; Yamakawa, Shoko; Kitagawa, Manabu; Yamada, Minami; Itou, Seiki; Yamamoto, Tetsuro; Uehara, Yoshio (November 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8076009">"Long-term intake of miso soup decreases nighttime blood pressure in subjects with high-normal blood pressure or stage I hypertension"</a>. <i>Hypertension Research</i>. <b>42</b> (11): <span class="nowrap">1757–</span>1767. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41440-019-0304-9">10.1038/s41440-019-0304-9</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1348-4214">1348-4214</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8076009">8076009</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31371810">31371810</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hypertension+Research&rft.atitle=Long-term+intake+of+miso+soup+decreases+nighttime+blood+pressure+in+subjects+with+high-normal+blood+pressure+or+stage+I+hypertension&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1757-%3C%2Fspan%3E1767&rft.date=2019-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8076009%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=1348-4214&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31371810&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41440-019-0304-9&rft.aulast=Kondo&rft.aufirst=Hiroaki&rft.au=Sakuyama+Tomari%2C+Hiroe&rft.au=Yamakawa%2C+Shoko&rft.au=Kitagawa%2C+Manabu&rft.au=Yamada%2C+Minami&rft.au=Itou%2C+Seiki&rft.au=Yamamoto%2C+Tetsuro&rft.au=Uehara%2C+Yoshio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8076009&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDuYoshinagaSonodaKawakubo2014" class="citation journal cs1">Du, Dong Dong; Yoshinaga, Mariko; Sonoda, Masaru; Kawakubo, Kiyoshi; Uehara, Yoshio (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24047246/">"Blood pressure reduction by Japanese traditional Miso is associated with increased diuresis and natriuresis through dopamine system in Dahl salt-sensitive rats"</a>. <i>Clinical and Experimental Hypertension</i>. <b>36</b> (5): <span class="nowrap">359–</span>366. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3109%2F10641963.2013.827702">10.3109/10641963.2013.827702</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1525-6006">1525-6006</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24047246">24047246</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:207516579">207516579</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+and+Experimental+Hypertension&rft.atitle=Blood+pressure+reduction+by+Japanese+traditional+Miso+is+associated+with+increased+diuresis+and+natriuresis+through+dopamine+system+in+Dahl+salt-sensitive+rats&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E359-%3C%2Fspan%3E366&rft.date=2014&rft.issn=1525-6006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A207516579%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24047246&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3109%2F10641963.2013.827702&rft.aulast=Du&rft.aufirst=Dong+Dong&rft.au=Yoshinaga%2C+Mariko&rft.au=Sonoda%2C+Masaru&rft.au=Kawakubo%2C+Kiyoshi&rft.au=Uehara%2C+Yoshio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F24047246%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miso&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFarnworth2003" class="citation book cs1">Farnworth, Edward R. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0pHBOjhq_P4C"><i>Handbook of Fermented Functional Foods</i></a>. CRC Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8493-1372-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8493-1372-1"><bdi>978-0-8493-1372-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Fermented+Functional+Foods&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-8493-1372-1&rft.aulast=Farnworth&rft.aufirst=Edward+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0pHBOjhq_P4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiso" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miso&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Japanese_food_and_drink" title="Template:Japanese food and drink"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Japanese_food_and_drink" title="Template talk:Japanese food and drink"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Japanese_food_and_drink" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Japanese food and drink"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Japanese_food_and_drink486" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_cuisine" title="Japanese cuisine">Japanese food and drink</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Shushoku</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_rice" title="Japanese rice">Rice</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chahan_(dish)" title="Chahan (dish)">Chahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_curry" title="Japanese curry">Curry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Katsu_curry" title="Katsu curry">Katsu curry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glutinous_rice" title="Glutinous rice">Glutinous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germinated_brown_rice" title="Germinated brown rice">Hatsuga genmai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congee" title="Congee">Kayu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donburi" title="Donburi">Donmono</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%ABkadon" title="Chūkadon">Chūkadon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gy%C5%ABdon" title="Gyūdon">Gyūdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katsudon" title="Katsudon">Katsudon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyakodon" title="Oyakodon">Oyakodon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tekkadon" title="Tekkadon">Tekkadon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenshindon" title="Tenshindon">Tenshindon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unadon" title="Unadon">Unadon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayashi_rice" title="Hayashi rice">Hayashi rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okowa" title="Okowa">Okowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onigiri" title="Onigiri">Onigiri</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tenmusu" title="Tenmusu">Tenmusu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omurice" title="Omurice">Omurice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sushi" title="Sushi">Sushi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_sushi" title="History of sushi">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_sushi" title="Sustainable sushi">Sustainable</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_bean_rice" title="Red bean rice">Sekihan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takikomi_gohan" title="Takikomi gohan">Takikomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zosui" title="Zosui">Zosui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_noodles" title="Japanese noodles">Noodles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cellophane_noodles#Japan" title="Cellophane noodles">Harusame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiyamugi" title="Hiyamugi">Hiyamugi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiyashi_ch%C5%ABka" title="Hiyashi chūka">Hiyashi chūka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramen" title="Ramen">Ramen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Champon" title="Champon">Champon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kagoshima_ramen" title="Kagoshima ramen">Kagoshima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muroran_curry_ramen" title="Muroran curry ramen">Muroran curry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dandan_noodles#Related_dishes" title="Dandan noodles">Tantan-men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonkotsu_ramen" title="Tonkotsu ramen">Tonkotsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsukemen" title="Tsukemen">Tsukemen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirataki_noodles" title="Shirataki noodles">Shirataki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soba" title="Soba">Soba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okinawa_soba" title="Okinawa soba">Okinawa soba</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soki" title="Soki">Soki</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C5%8Dmen" title="Sōmen">Sōmen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/S%C5%8Dmen_salad" title="Sōmen salad">Salad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udon" title="Udon">Udon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yaki_udon" title="Yaki udon">Yakiudon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakisoba" title="Yakisoba">Yakisoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dt%C5%8D" title="Hōtō">Hōtō</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Konamono</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monjayaki" title="Monjayaki">Monjayaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okonomiyaki" title="Okonomiyaki">Okonomiyaki</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hirayachi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hirayachi">Hirayachi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takoyaki" title="Takoyaki">Takoyaki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bread</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anpan" title="Anpan">Anpan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curry_bread" title="Curry bread">Curry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melonpan" title="Melonpan">Melonpan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_milk_bread" title="Japanese milk bread">Milk bread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_roux" class="mw-redirect" title="Water roux">Yudane</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Okazu" title="Okazu">Okazu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agedashi_d%C5%8Dfu" title="Agedashi dōfu">Agedashi dōfu</a></li> <li>Agemono <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Furai" title="Furai">Furai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karaage" title="Karaage">Karaage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korokke" title="Korokke">Korokke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushikatsu" title="Kushikatsu">Kushikatsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satsuma-age" title="Satsuma-age">Satsuma-age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempura" title="Tempura">Tempura</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chawanmushi" title="Chawanmushi">Chawanmushi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gari_(ginger)" title="Gari (ginger)">Gari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaozi#Gyōza" title="Jiaozi">Gyōza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakuni" title="Kakuni">Kakuni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabemono" title="Nabemono">Nabemono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namasu_(Food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Namasu (Food)">Namasu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natt%C5%8D" title="Nattō">Nattō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikujaga" title="Nikujaga">Nikujaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oden" title="Oden">Oden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onsen_tamago" title="Onsen tamago">Onsen tamago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sashimi" title="Sashimi">Sashimi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fugu" title="Fugu">Fugusashi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabu-shabu" title="Shabu-shabu">Shabu-shabu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiokara" title="Shiokara">Shiokara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukiyaki" title="Sukiyaki">Sukiyaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamagoyaki" title="Tamagoyaki">Tamagoyaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokoroten" title="Tokoroten">Tokoroten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonkatsu" title="Tonkatsu">Tonkatsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tororo_(food)" title="Tororo (food)">Tororo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsukemono" title="Tsukemono">Tsukemono</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nukazuke" title="Nukazuke">Nukazuke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takuan" title="Takuan">Takuan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsukudani" title="Tsukudani">Tsukudani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsukune" title="Tsukune">Tsukune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakiniku" title="Yakiniku">Yakiniku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakitori" title="Yakitori">Yakitori</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Soup<br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_soups_and_stews" title="List of Japanese soups and stews">Shirumono</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Butajiru" title="Butajiru">Butajiru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenchin-jiru" title="Kenchin-jiru">Kenchin-jiru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miso_soup" title="Miso soup">Miso soup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suimono" class="mw-redirect" title="Suimono">Suimono</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%B8%E3%81%84%E7%89%A9" class="extiw" title="ja:吸い物">ja</a>]</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Set menu</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bento" title="Bento">Bento</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ekiben" title="Ekiben">Ekiben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyaraben" title="Kyaraben">Kyaraben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makunouchi" title="Makunouchi">Makunouchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wappameshi" title="Wappameshi">Wappameshi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honzen-ry%C5%8Dri" title="Honzen-ryōri">Honzen-ryōri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C5%ABbako" title="Jūbako">Jūbako</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiseki" title="Kaiseki">Kaiseki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osechi" title="Osechi">Osechi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Beverages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Alcoholic beverage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sake" title="Sake">Sake</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazake" title="Amazake">Amazake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigori" title="Nigori">Nigori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toso" title="Toso">Toso</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dch%C5%AB" title="Shōchū">Shōchū</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Awamori" title="Awamori">Awamori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habushu" title="Habushu">Habushu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umeshu" title="Umeshu">Umeshu</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tea</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Green_tea#Japan" title="Green tea">Green tea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_tea_in_Japan" title="History of tea in Japan">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bancha" title="Bancha">Bancha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyokuro" title="Gyokuro">Gyokuro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Djicha" title="Hōjicha">Hōjicha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabuse_tea" class="mw-redirect" title="Kabuse tea">Kabuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kukicha" title="Kukicha">Kukicha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matcha" title="Matcha">Matcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sencha" title="Sencha">Sencha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uji_tea" title="Uji tea">Uji</a></li></ul></li> <li>Herbal tea <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genmaicha" title="Genmaicha">Genmaicha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckwheat_tea" title="Buckwheat tea">Sobacha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelp_tea" title="Kelp tea">Kombu-cha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barley_tea" title="Barley tea">Mugicha</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Soft drinks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ramune" title="Ramune">Ramune</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C.C._Lemon" title="C.C. Lemon">C.C. Lemon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calpis" title="Calpis">Calpis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canned_coffee" title="Canned coffee">Canned coffee</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boss_Coffee" title="Boss Coffee">Boss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(coffee)" title="Georgia (coffee)">Georgia</a></li></ul></li> <li>Energy drink <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lipovitan" title="Lipovitan">Lipovitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oronamin_C" title="Oronamin C">Oronamin C</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sports drink <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aquarius_(beverage)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aquarius (beverage)">Aquarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pocari_Sweat" title="Pocari Sweat">Pocari Sweat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakult" title="Yakult">Yakult</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_snacks" title="List of Japanese snacks">Snacks</a> /<br /> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_desserts_and_sweets" title="List of Japanese desserts and sweets">sweets</a>/<br /> <a href="/wiki/Wagashi" title="Wagashi">Wagashi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amanatt%C5%8D" title="Amanattō">Amanattō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botan_Rice_Candy" title="Botan Rice Candy">Botan Rice Candy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daifuku" title="Daifuku">Daifuku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dango" title="Dango">Dango</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chichi_dango" title="Chichi dango">Chichi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kibi_dango_(millet_dumpling)" title="Kibi dango (millet dumpling)">Kibi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorayaki" title="Dorayaki">Dorayaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karukan" title="Karukan">Karukan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konpeit%C5%8D" title="Konpeitō">Konpeitō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manj%C5%AB" title="Manjū">Manjū</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mochi" title="Mochi">Mochi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agemochi" title="Agemochi">Agemochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goheimochi" title="Goheimochi">Goheimochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kankoro_Mochi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kankoro Mochi">Kankoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuzumochi" title="Kuzumochi">Kuzumochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zunda-mochi" title="Zunda-mochi">Zunda-mochi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senbei" title="Senbei">Senbei</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arare_(food)" title="Arare (food)">Arare</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiruko" title="Shiruko">Shiruko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiyaki" title="Taiyaki">Taiyaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uir%C5%8D" title="Uirō">Uirō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warabimochi" title="Warabimochi">Warabimochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C5%8Dkan" title="Yōkan">Yōkan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fruits</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Square_watermelon" title="Square watermelon">Square watermelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yubari_King" title="Yubari King">Yubari King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruby_Roman" title="Ruby Roman">Ruby Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shine_Muscat" title="Shine Muscat">Shine Muscat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ingredients /<br /> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_condiments" title="List of Japanese condiments">Condiments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Red_bean_paste" title="Red bean paste">Anko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_laver" title="Green laver">Aonori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamboo_shoot" title="Bamboo shoot">Bamboo shoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beni_sh%C5%8Dga" title="Beni shōga">Beni shōga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arctium_lappa#Uses" title="Arctium lappa">Burdock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daikon" title="Daikon">Daikon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sakurajima_radish" title="Sakurajima radish">Sakurajima</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dashi" title="Dashi">Dashi</a></li> <li>Fish <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kamaboko" title="Kamaboko">Kamaboko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollock_roe" title="Pollock roe">Mentaiko / tarako</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surimi" title="Surimi">Surimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobiko" title="Tobiko">Tobiko</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hijiki" title="Hijiki">Hijiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanzuri" title="Kanzuri">Kanzuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karashi" title="Karashi">Karashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katsuobushi" title="Katsuobushi">Katsuobushi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kombu" title="Kombu">Kombu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konjac" class="mw-redirect" title="Konjac">Konnyaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuromitsu" title="Kuromitsu">Kuromitsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kudzu_powder" title="Kudzu powder">Kuzuko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayonnaise#Japan" title="Mayonnaise">Mayonnaise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menma" title="Menma">Menma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirin" title="Mirin">Mirin</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Miso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monosodium_glutamate" title="Monosodium glutamate">MSG</a></li> <li>Mushrooms <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flammulina_filiformis" title="Flammulina filiformis">Enokitake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matsutake" title="Matsutake">Matsutake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiitake" title="Shiitake">Shiitake</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myoga" title="Myoga">Myoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nori" title="Nori">Nori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sake_kasu" title="Sake kasu">Sake kasu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bread_crumbs#Panko" class="mw-redirect" title="Bread crumbs">Panko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanthoxylum_piperitum#Japanese_cuisine" title="Zanthoxylum piperitum">Sansyō</a></li> <li>Sauce <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ponzu" title="Ponzu">Ponzu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soy_sauce" title="Soy sauce">Soy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tare_sauce" title="Tare sauce">Tare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonkatsu_sauce" title="Tonkatsu sauce">Tonkatsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worcestershire_sauce#Japan" title="Worcestershire sauce">Worcestershire</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sesame_oil" title="Sesame oil">Sesame oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shichimi" title="Shichimi">Shichimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiso" title="Shiso">Shiso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenkasu" title="Tenkasu">Tenkasu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tofu" title="Tofu">Tofu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umeboshi" title="Umeboshi">Umeboshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wasabi" title="Wasabi">Wasabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuzu" title="Yuzu">Yuzu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yuzu_kosh%C5%8D" title="Yuzu koshō">Yuzu koshō</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_cooking_utensils" title="List of Japanese cooking utensils">Utensils</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chawan" title="Chawan">Chawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chopsticks" title="Chopsticks">Chopsticks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_kitchen_knife" title="Japanese kitchen knife">Kitchen knife</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deba_b%C5%8Dch%C5%8D" title="Deba bōchō">Deba bōchō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chef%27s_knife" title="Chef's knife">Gyuto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maguro_b%C5%8Dch%C5%8D" title="Maguro bōchō">Maguro bōchō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakiri_b%C5%8Dch%C5%8D" title="Nakiri bōchō">Nakiri bōchō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santoku" title="Santoku">Santoku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sashimi_b%C5%8Dch%C5%8D" title="Sashimi bōchō">Sashimi bōchō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usuba_b%C5%8Dch%C5%8D" title="Usuba bōchō">Usuba bōchō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanagi_ba" title="Yanagi ba">Yanagi ba</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_cooker" title="Rice cooker">Rice cooker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamoji" class="mw-redirect" title="Shamoji">Shamoji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suribachi" title="Suribachi">Suribachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaru" title="Zaru">Zaru</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_dishes" title="List of Japanese dishes">Dishes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ramen_dishes" title="List of ramen dishes">Ramen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_soups_and_stews" title="List of Japanese soups and stews">Soups and stews</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sushi_and_sashimi_ingredients" title="List of sushi and sashimi ingredients">Sushi and sashimi ingredients</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinmi" title="Chinmi">Chinmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ichij%C5%AB-sansai" title="Ichijū-sansai">Ichijū-sansai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omakase" title="Omakase">Omakase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teppanyaki" title="Teppanyaki">Teppanyaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokusanhin" title="Tokusanhin">Tokusanhin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teriyaki" title="Teriyaki">Teriyaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umami" title="Umami">Umami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Customs_and_etiquette_in_Japanese_dining" title="Customs and etiquette in Japanese dining">Customs and etiquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okinawan_cuisine" title="Okinawan cuisine">Okinawan cuisine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Japanese_cuisine" title="Category:Japanese cuisine">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Soy_(Glycine_max)278" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Soy" title="Template:Soy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Soy" title="Template talk:Soy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Soy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Soy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Soy_(Glycine_max)278" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Soybean" title="Soybean">Soy</a> (<i>Glycine max</i>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soy_allergy" title="Soy allergy">Soy allergy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soy_candle" title="Soy candle">Soy candle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soy_ink" title="Soy ink">Soy ink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soy_molasses" title="Soy molasses">Soy molasses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soy_paint" title="Soy paint">Soy paint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soy_protein" title="Soy protein">Soy protein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soybean" title="Soybean">Soybean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_soybean_diseases" title="List of soybean diseases">Diseases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soybean_meal" title="Soybean meal">Soybean meal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soybean_oil" title="Soybean oil">Soybean oil</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Soybean.USDA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Soybean.USDA.jpg/120px-Soybean.USDA.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Soybean.USDA.jpg/250px-Soybean.USDA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="951" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Soy-based<br />dishes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_soy-based_foods" title="List of soy-based foods">List of soy-based foods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aburaage" class="mw-redirect" title="Aburaage">Aburaage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agedashi_tofu" class="mw-redirect" title="Agedashi tofu">Agedashi tofu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bai_ye" class="mw-redirect" title="Bai ye">Bai ye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douhua" title="Douhua">Douhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubu_kimchi" class="mw-redirect" title="Dubu kimchi">Dubu kimchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edamame" title="Edamame">Edamame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiyayakko" title="Hiyayakko">Hiyayakko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kongguksu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kongguksu">Kongguksu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kongnamul" class="mw-redirect" title="Kongnamul">Kongnamul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapo_doufu" class="mw-redirect" title="Mapo doufu">Mapo doufu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miso_soup" title="Miso soup">Miso soup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundubu_jjigae" class="mw-redirect" title="Sundubu jjigae">Sundubu jjigae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahu_goreng" title="Tahu goreng">Tahu goreng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tofu_skin_roll" title="Tofu skin roll">Tofu skin roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yong_tau_foo" title="Yong tau foo">Yong tau foo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Plant_milk" title="Plant milk">Plant milk</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soy_milk" title="Soy milk">Soy milk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soy_yogurt" title="Soy yogurt">Soy yogurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegan_cheese" title="Vegan cheese">Vegan cheese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Meat_analogue" class="mw-redirect" title="Meat analogue">Meat analogues</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beanfeast" title="Beanfeast">Beanfeast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempeh" title="Tempeh">Tempeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textured_vegetable_protein" title="Textured vegetable protein">Textured vegetable protein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tofu" title="Tofu">Tofu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tofurkey" title="Tofurkey">Tofurkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_hot_dog" title="Vegetarian hot dog">Vegetarian hot dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veggie_burger" title="Veggie burger">Veggie burger</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sauces and<br />condiments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Soy_sauce" title="Soy sauce">Soy sauce</a> based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ganjang" class="mw-redirect" title="Ganjang">Ganjang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponzu" title="Ponzu">Ponzu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweet_soy_sauce" title="Sweet soy sauce">Sweet soy sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soy_sauce#Japanese" title="Soy sauce">Tamari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teriyaki" title="Teriyaki">Teriyaki</a></li> <li>Tsuyu</li> <li>Yìn yóu</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pastes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doenjang" title="Doenjang">Doenjang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doubanjiang" title="Doubanjiang">Doubanjiang</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Miso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweet_bean_sauce" class="mw-redirect" title="Sweet bean sauce">Sweet bean sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_soybean_paste" title="Yellow soybean paste">Yellow soybean paste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C6%B0%C6%A1ng" title="Tương">Tương</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fermented bean</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akhuni" title="Akhuni">Akhuni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fermented_bean_curd" title="Fermented bean curd">Fermented bean curd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douchi" title="Douchi">Douchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinema" title="Kinema">Kinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tauco" title="Tauco">Tauco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natt%C5%8D" title="Nattō">Nattō</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other foods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mamenori" title="Mamenori">Mamenori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mao_tofu" title="Mao tofu">Mao tofu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oncom" title="Oncom">Oncom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soybean#Flour" title="Soybean">Soy flour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soybean#Infant_formula" title="Soybean">Soy milk based infant formula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soy_nut" title="Soy nut">Soy nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soy_pulp" class="mw-redirect" title="Soy pulp">Soy pulp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stinky_tofu" title="Stinky tofu">Stinky tofu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tofu_skin" title="Tofu skin">Tofu skin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fermented_soy_products" title="List of fermented soy products">List of fermented soy products</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Biochemicals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Phytoestrogens" class="mw-redirect" title="Phytoestrogens">Phytoestrogens</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genistein" title="Genistein">Genistein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genistin" title="Genistin">Genistin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glycitein" title="Glycitein">Glycitein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glycitin" title="Glycitin">Glycitin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ononin" title="Ononin">Ononin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daidzein" title="Daidzein">Daidzein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equol" title="Equol">Equol</a> (metabolite)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/O-Desmethylangolensin" title="O-Desmethylangolensin">O-DMA</a> (metabolite)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daidzin" title="Daidzin">Daidzin</a> (leaves)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Globulins (proteins)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beta-conglycinin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beta-conglycinin (page does not exist)">Beta-conglycinin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glycinin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glycinin (page does not exist)">Glycinin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Phytohaemagglutinin" title="Phytohaemagglutinin">PHAs</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lectin" title="Lectin">lectins</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soybean_agglutinin" title="Soybean agglutinin">Soybean agglutinin</a> (lectin)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Enzymes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beta-amylase" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta-amylase">Beta-amylase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipoxygenase" title="Lipoxygenase">Lipoxygenase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cysteine_protease" title="Cysteine protease">Cysteine proteases</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Trypsin_inhibitor" title="Trypsin inhibitor">Trypsin inhibitors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kunitz_inhibitor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kunitz inhibitor (page does not exist)">Kunitz inhibitor</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bowman-Birk_inhibitor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bowman-Birk inhibitor (page does not exist)">Bowman-Birk inhibitor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soy_lecithin" class="mw-redirect" title="Soy lecithin">Soy lecithin</a> (mix of <a href="/wiki/Phospholipid" title="Phospholipid">Phospholipids</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunasin" title="Lunasin">Lunasin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unsaponifiable" class="mw-redirect" title="Unsaponifiable">Unsaponifiables</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tocopherol" title="Tocopherol">Tocopherols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterols" class="mw-redirect" title="Sterols">Sterols</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antinutrient" title="Antinutrient">Antinutrients</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phytates" class="mw-redirect" title="Phytates">Phytates</a></li></ul></li> <li><a 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