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class="mw-page-title-main">William Safire</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 16 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-16" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">16 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="وليام سافاير – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="وليام سافاير" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="ولیام سافیر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ولیام سافیر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Safire" title="William Safire – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="William Safire" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Safire" title="William Safire – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="William Safire" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%B3%D9%81%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="ویلیام سفایر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ویلیام سفایر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Safire" title="William Safire – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="William Safire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="وليام سافير – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="وليام سافير" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Safire" title="William Safire – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="William Safire" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A0%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B5%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%82%A2" title="ウィリアム・サファイア – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウィリアム・サファイア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Safire" title="William Safire – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="William Safire" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Safire" title="William Safire – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="William Safire" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Safire" title="William Safire – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="William Safire" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%80,_%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC" title="Сафайр, Уильям – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сафайр, Уильям" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Safire" title="William Safire – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="William Safire" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Safire" title="William Safire – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="William Safire" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%80" title="Вільям Сафайр – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вільям Сафайр" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q254983#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > 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div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">William Safire</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Bush_presents_William_Safire_the_2006_President_Medal_of_Freedom_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Safire receiving the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2006"><img alt="Safire receiving the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2006" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/President_Bush_presents_William_Safire_the_2006_President_Medal_of_Freedom_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-President_Bush_presents_William_Safire_the_2006_President_Medal_of_Freedom_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/President_Bush_presents_William_Safire_the_2006_President_Medal_of_Freedom_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="287" data-file-height="343" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:1.4em;">Safire receiving the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom" title="Presidential Medal of Freedom">Presidential Medal of Freedom</a> in 2006</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Born</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">William Lewis Safir<br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1929-12-17</span>)</span>December 17, 1929<br /><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Died</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">September 27, 2009<span style="display:none">(2009-09-27)</span> (aged 79)<br /><a href="/wiki/Rockville,_Maryland" title="Rockville, Maryland">Rockville, Maryland</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role" style="line-height:1.4em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Author</li><li><a href="/wiki/Columnist" title="Columnist">columnist</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Lexicographer" class="mw-redirect" title="Lexicographer">lexicographer</a></li><li>journalist</li><li>political speechwriter</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.4em;">Non-fiction</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Subject</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">Politics</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">Helene Belmar Julius</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Children</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">2</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>William Lewis Safire</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span><span title="/aɪər/: 'ire' in 'fire'">aɪər</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <span title="Name at birth"><a href="/wiki/Birth_name#Maiden_and_married_names" title="Birth name">né</a></span> <b>Safir</b>; December 17, 1929 – September 27, 2009<sup id="cite_ref-McFadden_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McFadden-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-safire1986_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-safire1986-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) was an American author, columnist, journalist, and presidential <a href="/wiki/Speechwriter" title="Speechwriter">speechwriter</a>. He was a long-time <a href="/wiki/Print_syndication" title="Print syndication">syndicated</a> political columnist for <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> and wrote the "On Language" column in <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Magazine" title="The New York Times Magazine">The New York Times Magazine</a></i> about popular <a href="/wiki/Etymology" title="Etymology">etymology</a>, new or unusual usages, and other <a href="/wiki/Language" title="Language">language</a>-related topics. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Safire&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Safire was born William Lewis Safir in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, the son of Ida (<span title="Name at birth"><a href="/wiki/Birth_name#Maiden_and_married_names" title="Birth name">née</a></span> Panish) and Oliver Craus Safir.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His family was Jewish and of Romanian origin on his father's side.<sup id="cite_ref-note_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Safire later added the "e" to his surname for pronunciation reasons, although some of his relatives continued to use the original spelling.<sup id="cite_ref-LeosObit_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LeosObit-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Safire graduated from the <a href="/wiki/Bronx_High_School_of_Science" title="Bronx High School of Science">Bronx High School of Science</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Specialized_high_schools_in_New_York_City" title="Specialized high schools in New York City">specialized public high school</a> in New York City. He attended <a href="/wiki/S.I._Newhouse_School_of_Public_Communications" class="mw-redirect" title="S.I. Newhouse School of Public Communications">S.I. Newhouse School of Public Communications</a> at <a href="/wiki/Syracuse_University" title="Syracuse University">Syracuse University</a> but dropped out after two years. He delivered the commencement address at Syracuse in 1978 and 1990, and later became a trustee of the university.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Safire&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:In_the_event_of_moon_disaster.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/In_the_event_of_moon_disaster.jpg/220px-In_the_event_of_moon_disaster.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="428" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/In_the_event_of_moon_disaster.jpg/330px-In_the_event_of_moon_disaster.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/In_the_event_of_moon_disaster.jpg/440px-In_the_event_of_moon_disaster.jpg 2x" data-file-width="462" data-file-height="899" /></a><figcaption>William Safire memo to <a href="/wiki/H._R._Haldeman" title="H. R. Haldeman">H. R. Haldeman</a> to be used in the event that <a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo 11</a> ended in disaster.</figcaption></figure> <p>He was a <a href="/wiki/Public_relations" title="Public relations">public relations</a> executive from 1955 to 1960. Previously, he had been a radio and television producer and an <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">Army</a> <a href="/wiki/Correspondent" title="Correspondent">correspondent</a>. He worked as a publicist for a homebuilder who exhibited a model home at an American <a href="/wiki/Trade_fair" class="mw-redirect" title="Trade fair">trade fair</a> at <a href="/wiki/Sokolniki_Park" title="Sokolniki Park">Sokolniki Park</a> in Moscow in 1959—the one in which <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nikita_Khrushchev" title="Nikita Khrushchev">Nikita Khrushchev</a> had their <a href="/wiki/Kitchen_Debate" title="Kitchen Debate">Kitchen Debate</a>. A much circulated <a href="/wiki/Black-and-white" title="Black-and-white">black-and-white</a> photograph of the event was taken by Safire.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Safire joined Nixon's campaign for the <a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_presidential_election" title="1960 United States presidential election">1960 presidential race</a>, and again in <a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election" title="1968 United States presidential election">1968</a>. After Nixon's 1968 victory, Safire served as a speechwriter for him and for <a href="/wiki/Spiro_Agnew" title="Spiro Agnew">Spiro Agnew</a>; he is known for having created Agnew's famous <a href="/wiki/Alliteration" title="Alliteration">alliterative</a> term, "nattering nabobs of negativism". </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/In_Event_of_Moon_Disaster" class="extiw" title="wikisource:In Event of Moon Disaster">In Event of Moon Disaster</a></b></div></div></div> </div> <p>Safire prepared a speech called "In Event of Moon Disaster" for President Nixon to deliver on television if the <a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo 11</a> astronauts were stranded on the Moon.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the plans, <a href="/wiki/Christopher_C._Kraft_Jr._Mission_Control_Center" title="Christopher C. Kraft Jr. Mission Control Center">Mission Control</a> would "close down communications" with the <a href="/wiki/Apollo_Lunar_Module" title="Apollo Lunar Module">LEM</a> and a clergyman would have commended their souls to "the deepest of the deep" in a public ritual likened to <a href="/wiki/Burial_at_sea" title="Burial at sea">burial at sea</a>. Presidential telephone calls to the astronauts' wives were also planned. The speech originated in a memo from Safire to Nixon's <a href="/wiki/White_House_Chief_of_Staff" title="White House Chief of Staff">chief of staff</a> <a href="/wiki/H._R._Haldeman" title="H. R. Haldeman">H. R. Haldeman</a> in which Safire suggested a protocol the administration might follow in reaction to such a disaster.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-safire_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-safire-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The last line of the prepared text contained an allusion to <a href="/wiki/Rupert_Brooke" title="Rupert Brooke">Rupert Brooke</a>'s <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a> poem "<a href="/wiki/The_Soldier_(poem)" title="The Soldier (poem)">The Soldier</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-safire_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-safire-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a 2013 piece for <i><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Policy" title="Foreign Policy">Foreign Policy</a></i> magazine, <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Keating" title="Joshua Keating">Joshua Keating</a> included the speech as one of six entries in a list of "The Greatest Doomsday Speeches Never Made".<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He joined <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> as a political columnist in 1973. Soon after joining the <i>Times</i>, Safire learned that he had been the target of "national security" wiretaps authorized by Nixon, and, after observing that he had worked only on domestic matters, wrote with what he characterized as "restrained fury" that he had not worked for Nixon through a difficult decade "to have him—or some lizard-lidded paranoid acting without his approval—eavesdropping on my conversations".<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1978, Safire won the <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize" title="Pulitzer Prize">Pulitzer Prize</a> for <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize_for_Commentary" title="Pulitzer Prize for Commentary">Commentary</a> on <a href="/wiki/Bert_Lance" title="Bert Lance">Bert Lance</a>'s alleged budgetary irregularities; in 1981, Lance was acquitted by a jury on all nine charges. Safire's column on October 27, 1980, entitled "The <a href="/wiki/Ruhollah_Khomeini" title="Ruhollah Khomeini">Ayatollah</a> Votes", was quoted in a campaign ad for <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> in <a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election" title="1980 United States presidential election">that year's presidential election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Safire also frequently appeared on the <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Meet_the_Press" title="Meet the Press">Meet the Press</a></i>. </p><p>Upon announcing the retirement of Safire's political column in 2005, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ochs_Sulzberger" title="Arthur Ochs Sulzberger">Arthur Sulzberger Jr.</a>, publisher of <i>The New York Times</i>, said: </p> <blockquote><p><i>The New York Times</i> without Bill Safire is all but unimaginable, Bill's provocative and insightful commentary has held our readers captive since he first graced our Op-Ed Page in 1973. Reaching for his column became a critical and enjoyable part of the day for our readers across the country and around the world. Whether you agreed with him or not was never the point, his writing is delightful, informed and engaging.</p></blockquote> <p>Safire served as a member of the <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize" title="Pulitzer Prize">Pulitzer Prize</a> Board from 1995 to 2004. After ending his op-ed column, he became the full-time chief executive of the <a href="/wiki/Dana_Foundation" title="Dana Foundation">Dana Foundation</a>, where he was chairman from 2000. In 2006, Safire was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom" title="Presidential Medal of Freedom">Presidential Medal of Freedom</a> by President <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a>. </p><p>Portions of Safire's <a href="/wiki/FBI" class="mw-redirect" title="FBI">FBI</a> file were released in 2010. The documents "detail wiretapping ordered by the Nixon administration, including the tapping of Safire's phone".<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Writing_on_English">Writing on English</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Safire&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Writing on English"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_Safire&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2021</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In addition to his political columns, Safire wrote a column, "<a href="/wiki/On_Language" title="On Language">On Language</a>", in the weekly <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Magazine" title="The New York Times Magazine">The New York Times Magazine</a></i> from 1979 until the month of his death. Many of the columns were collected in books.<sup id="cite_ref-McFadden_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McFadden-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the linguist <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Pullum" class="mw-redirect" title="Geoffrey Pullum">Geoffrey Pullum</a>, over the years Safire became less of a "grammar-nitpicker," and <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Zimmer" class="mw-redirect" title="Benjamin Zimmer">Benjamin Zimmer</a> cited Safire's willingness to learn from <a href="/wiki/Linguistic_description" title="Linguistic description">descriptive</a> linguists.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another book on language was <i>The New Language of Politics</i> (1968),<sup id="cite_ref-McFadden_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McFadden-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which developed into what Zimmer called Safire's "magnum opus," <i>Safire's Political Dictionary</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_views">Political views</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Safire&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Political views"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Safire described himself as a "<a href="/wiki/Libertarian_conservative" class="mw-redirect" title="Libertarian conservative">libertarian conservative</a>". A <i>Washington Post</i> story on the ending of his op-ed column quotes him on the subject: </p> <blockquote><p>I'm willing to zap conservatives when they do things that are not libertarian. [After the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">9/11 attacks</a>,] I was the first to really go after <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W.</a> on his treatment of prisoners.</p></blockquote> <p>After voting for <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> in <a href="/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election" title="1992 United States presidential election">1992</a>, Safire became one of the leading critics of <a href="/wiki/Clinton_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Clinton administration">Clinton's administration</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a> in particular was often the target of his ire. He caused controversy in a January 8, 1996, essay when, after reviewing her record, he concluded she was a "congenital liar". She did not respond to the specific instances cited, but said that she did not feel offended for herself, but for her mother's sake. According to Bill Clinton's press secretary at the time, <a href="/wiki/Mike_McCurry_(press_secretary)" title="Mike McCurry (press secretary)">Mike McCurry</a>, "the President, if he were not the President, would have delivered a more forceful response to that on the bridge of Mr. Safire's nose".<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Safire was one of several voices who called for <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">war with Iraq</a>, and predicted a "quick war" and wrote: "Iraqis, cheering their liberators, will lead the Arab world toward democracy."<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He consistently brought up the point in his <i>Times</i> columns that an Iraqi intelligence agent met with <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Atta" title="Mohamed Atta">Mohamed Atta</a>, one of the <a href="/wiki/9/11_hijackers" class="mw-redirect" title="9/11 hijackers">9/11 hijackers</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which he called an "undisputed fact". According to the <a href="/wiki/CIA" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA">CIA</a> and the <a href="/wiki/FBI" class="mw-redirect" title="FBI">FBI</a>, they were unable to confirm or deny the validity of this assertion. The source who made these allegations is alleged to have become concerned that such a meeting could have harmed his career. Nonetheless, <a href="/wiki/Khalid_Sheikh_Mohammed" title="Khalid Sheikh Mohammed">Khalid Sheikh Mohammed</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ramzi_bin_al-Shibh" title="Ramzi bin al-Shibh">Ramzi bin al-Shibh</a> do deny that the meeting took place. Safire insisted that the theory was true and used it to make a case for war against Iraq. He also incorrectly predicted that "freed scientists" would lead coalition forces to "caches [of weapons of mass destruction] no inspectors could find".<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Safire was staunchly pro-Israel. He received the <a href="/wiki/Guardian_of_Zion_Award" title="Guardian of Zion Award">Guardian of Zion Award</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bar-Ilan_University" title="Bar-Ilan University">Bar-Ilan University</a> in 2005. President <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> appointed him to serve on the Honorary Delegation to accompany him to <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> for the celebration of the 60th anniversary of the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Israel">State of Israel</a> in May 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Safire&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Safire died from <a href="/wiki/Pancreatic_cancer" title="Pancreatic cancer">pancreatic cancer</a> at a hospice in <a href="/wiki/Rockville,_Maryland" title="Rockville, Maryland">Rockville, Maryland</a>, on September 27, 2009, aged 79. He was survived by his wife, Helene Belmar (née Julius); their children, Mark and Annabel; and granddaughter, Lily.<sup id="cite_ref-McFadden_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McFadden-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Safire&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following is a partial list of his writings: </p><p><b>Language</b> </p> <ul><li><i>The Right Word in the Right Place at the Right Time: Wit and Wisdom from the Popular Language Column in The New York Times Magazine</i> (2004) <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7432-4244-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-7432-4244-0">0-7432-4244-0</a></li> <li><i>No Uncertain Terms: More Writing from the Popular "On Language" Column in The New York Times Magazine</i> (2003) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7432-4243-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-7432-4243-2">0-7432-4243-2</a></li> <li><i>Take My Word for It</i> (1986) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8129-1323-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-8129-1323-X">0-8129-1323-X</a></li> <li><i>On Language</i> (1980) Times Books <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8129-0937-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8129-0937-2">0-8129-0937-2</a></li> <li><i>Fumblerules: A Lighthearted Guide to Grammar and Good Usage</i> (1990) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-440-21010-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-440-21010-0">0-440-21010-0</a></li></ul> <p><b>Novels</b> </p> <ul><li><i>Scandalmonger</i> (2000) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-684-86719-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-684-86719-2">0-684-86719-2</a></li> <li><i>Sleeper Spy</i> (1995) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-679-43447-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-679-43447-X">0-679-43447-X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_(Safire_novel)" title="Freedom (Safire novel)"><i>Freedom: A Novel of Abraham Lincoln and the Civil War</i></a> (1987) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-385-15903-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-385-15903-X">0-385-15903-X</a></li> <li><i>Full Disclosure</i> (1978) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-385-12115-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-385-12115-6">0-385-12115-6</a></li></ul> <p><b>Edited collections</b> </p> <ul><li><i>Lend Me Your Ears: Great Speeches in History</i> (1997) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-393-04005-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-393-04005-4">0-393-04005-4</a></li> <li><i>Words of Wisdom: More Good Advice</i> (1989) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-671-67535-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-671-67535-4">0-671-67535-4</a></li> <li><i>Good Advice</i> (1982) quotations compiled with his brother, Leonard Safir <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-517-08473-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-517-08473-2">0-517-08473-2</a></li></ul> <p><b>Political works</b> </p> <ul><li><i>Safire's Political Dictionary</i>, 3rd edition, Random House, NY, 1968, 1972, 1978. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-394-50261-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-394-50261-2">0-394-50261-2</a></li> <li><i>The Relations Explosion</i></li> <li><i>Plunging into Politics</i></li> <li><i>Before the Fall: An Inside View of the Pre-Watergate White House</i></li> <li><i>The First Dissident: The Book of Job in Today's Politics</i>, Random House, NY, 1992</li></ul> <p><b>Speeches</b> </p> <ul><li>"In Event of Moon Disaster", a presidential speech Safire wrote (but Nixon never delivered)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Safire&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-McFadden-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McFadden_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McFadden_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McFadden_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McFadden_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcFadden2009" class="citation news cs1">McFadden, Robert D. (September 27, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/28/us/28safire.html?_r=1&hp">"William Safire, Nixon Speechwriter and Times Columnist, Is Dead at 79"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 27,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=William+Safire%2C+Nixon+Speechwriter+and+Times+Columnist%2C+Is+Dead+at+79&rft.date=2009-09-27&rft.aulast=McFadden&rft.aufirst=Robert+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F09%2F28%2Fus%2F28safire.html%3F_r%3D1%26hp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Safire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-safire1986-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-safire1986_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Safire, William (1986). <i>Take My Word for It: More on Language.</i> Times Books. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8129-1323-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8129-1323-1">978-0-8129-1323-1</a>. p. 185.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bookrags.com/biography/william-safire/"><i>William Safire Biography</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 30,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Word+Routes%3A+Exploring+the+Pathways+of+our+Lexicon&rft.atitle=Remembering+the+Language+Maven&rft.date=2009-09-28&rft.aulast=Zimmer&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.visualthesaurus.com%2Fcm%2Fwordroutes%2F2000%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Safire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSafire1996" class="citation news cs1">Safire, William (February 4, 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1996/02/04/magazine/on-language-congenital-liar-punch.html">"On Language;Congenital, Liar, Punch"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=On+Language%3BCongenital%2C+Liar%2C+Punch&rft.date=1996-02-04&rft.aulast=Safire&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1996%2F02%2F04%2Fmagazine%2Fon-language-congenital-liar-punch.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Safire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSafire2002" class="citation news cs1">Safire, William (January 21, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2002/01/31/opinion/31SAFI.html?pagewanted=2">"To Fight Freedom's Fight"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <q>Iraqis, cheering their liberators, will lead the Arab world toward democracy</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=To+Fight+Freedom%27s+Fight&rft.date=2002-01-21&rft.aulast=Safire&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2002%2F01%2F31%2Fopinion%2F31SAFI.html%3Fpagewanted%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Safire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2003/11/24/opinion/24SAFI.html?ex=1385096400&en=675f702fa2295ecc&ei=5007&partner=USERLAND">"Missing Links Found"</a>, <i>The New York Times</i>, November 24, 2003</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F01E4D81F38F933A25757C0A9659C8B63">"Jubilant V-I Day"</a>, <i>The New York Times</i>, April 10, 2003</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLake2008" class="citation news cs1">Lake, Eli (May 13, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191012171011/https://www.nysun.com/foreign/bush-visit-may-boost-olmert/76303/">"Bush Visit May Boost Olmert"</a>. <i>New York Sun</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nysun.com/foreign/bush-visit-may-boost-olmert/76303/">the original</a> on October 12, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 22,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Sun&rft.atitle=Bush+Visit+May+Boost+Olmert&rft.date=2008-05-13&rft.aulast=Lake&rft.aufirst=Eli&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nysun.com%2Fforeign%2Fbush-visit-may-boost-olmert%2F76303%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Safire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFolkenflik" class="citation web cs1">Folkenflik, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=113255309">"Political Columnist William Safire Dies At 79"</a>. NPR<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 17,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Political+Columnist+William+Safire+Dies+At+79&rft.pub=NPR&rft.aulast=Folkenflik&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Ftemplates%2Fstory%2Fstory.php%3FstoryId%3D113255309&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Safire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="General_and_cited_references">General and cited references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Safire&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: General and cited references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Larry Berman and Bruce W. Jentleson, "Bush and the Post-Cold War World: New Challenges for American Leadership" in <i>The Bush Presidency: First Appraisals</i>. eds. Colin Campbell, S.J., Bert A. Rockman. 1991. Chatham House. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-934540-90-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-934540-90-X">0-934540-90-X</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Safire&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/William_Safire" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/William Safire">William Safire</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/ref/opinion/SAFIRE-BIO.html">Columnist Biography, William Safire</a>, from <i>The New York Times</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/top/opinion/editorialsandoped/oped/columnists/williamsafire/">Archive of political columns</a> from <i>The New York Times</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4459615">William Safire Retires <i>Times</i> Op-Ed Column</a>, a January 2005 story from <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A52678-2004Nov15.html">William Safire to End Op-Ed Run at <i>N.Y. Times</i></a>, a November 2004 article from <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://library.syr.edu/digital/guides/s/safire_w.htm">William Safire Papers at Syracuse University</a>, a guide to his personal papers.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://clinton6.nara.gov/1996/01/1996-01-09-statement-by-the-president.html">Clinton's reaction after Safire calls his wife a liar</a>, from the <a href="/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" title="National Archives and Records Administration">National Archives and Records Administration</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=William_Safire">Profile: William Safire</a>, <a href="/wiki/SourceWatch" class="mw-redirect" title="SourceWatch">SourceWatch</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vault.fbi.gov/William%20Safire">FBI files on William Safire</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?19464">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/42437961">William Safire</a> at <a href="/wiki/Find_a_Grave" title="Find a Grave">Find a Grave</a></li> <li>The short film <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/openmind_ep1221"><i>Safire on Safire, Part I</i> (1987)</a> is available for free viewing and download at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</li> <li>The short film <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/openmind_ep1222"><i>Safire on Safire, Part II</i> (1987)</a> is available for free viewing and download at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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Caldwell">William A. Caldwell</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Royko" title="Mike Royko">Mike Royko</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_S._Broder" title="David S. Broder">David S. Broder</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_A._Roberts_Jr." title="Edwin A. Roberts Jr.">Edwin A. Roberts Jr.</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_McGrory" title="Mary McGrory">Mary McGrory</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Smith_(sportswriter)" title="Red Smith (sportswriter)">Walter "Red" Smith</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Will" title="George Will">George Will</a> (1977)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">William Safire</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Baker" title="Russell Baker">Russell Baker</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Goodman" title="Ellen Goodman">Ellen Goodman</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Anderson_(sportswriter)" title="Dave Anderson (sportswriter)">Dave Anderson</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Buchwald" title="Art Buchwald">Art Buchwald</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Sitton" title="Claude Sitton">Claude Sitton</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermont_C._Royster" title="Vermont C. Royster">Vermont C. Royster</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Kempton" title="Murray Kempton">Murray Kempton</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Breslin" title="Jimmy Breslin">Jimmy Breslin</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Krauthammer" title="Charles Krauthammer">Charles Krauthammer</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Barry" title="Dave Barry">Dave Barry</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Page" title="Clarence Page">Clarence Page</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Murray_(sportswriter)" title="Jim Murray (sportswriter)">Jim Murray</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Hoagland" title="Jim Hoagland">Jim Hoagland</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Quindlen" title="Anna Quindlen">Anna Quindlen</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liz_Balmaseda" title="Liz Balmaseda">Liz Balmaseda</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Raspberry" title="William Raspberry">William Raspberry</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Dwyer_(journalist)" title="Jim Dwyer (journalist)">Jim Dwyer</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._R._Shipp" title="E. R. Shipp">E. R. Shipp</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eileen_McNamara" title="Eileen McNamara">Eileen McNamara</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_McAlary" title="Mike McAlary">Mike McAlary</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maureen_Dowd" title="Maureen Dowd">Maureen Dowd</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Gigot" title="Paul Gigot">Paul Gigot</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Rabinowitz" title="Dorothy Rabinowitz">Dorothy Rabinowitz</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Friedman" title="Thomas Friedman">Thomas Friedman</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colbert_I._King" title="Colbert I. King">Colbert I. King</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Pitts" title="Leonard Pitts">Leonard Pitts</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connie_Schultz" title="Connie Schultz">Connie Schultz</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Kristof" title="Nicholas Kristof">Nicholas D. Kristof</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cynthia_Tucker" title="Cynthia Tucker">Cynthia Tucker</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Pearlstein" title="Steven Pearlstein">Steven Pearlstein</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Robinson_(journalist)" title="Eugene Robinson (journalist)">Eugene Robinson</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Parker" title="Kathleen Parker">Kathleen Parker</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Leonhardt" title="David Leonhardt">David Leonhardt</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Schmich" title="Mary Schmich">Mary Schmich</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bret_Stephens" title="Bret Stephens">Bret Stephens</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Henderson_(journalist)" title="Stephen Henderson (journalist)">Stephen Henderson</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisa_Falkenberg" title="Lisa Falkenberg">Lisa Falkenberg</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farah_Stockman" title="Farah Stockman">Farah Stockman</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peggy_Noonan" title="Peggy Noonan">Peggy Noonan</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Archibald_(writer)" title="John Archibald (writer)">John Archibald</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Messenger" title="Tony Messenger">Tony Messenger</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikole_Hannah-Jones" title="Nikole Hannah-Jones">Nikole Hannah-Jones</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Paul_Williams" title="Michael Paul Williams">Michael Paul Williams</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melinda_Henneberger" class="mw-redirect" title="Melinda Henneberger">Melinda Henneberger</a> (2022)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png/60px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" 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class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254983#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254983#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254983#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/109000749">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50016473">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12221692k">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12221692k">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35471425">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn19990007294&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068619650">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Safire, William, 1929-2009"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000055178&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC2018O1876">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/vs69g60d1q8t209">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810704563005606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007305853605171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058526541606706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14246813">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/965028">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd109000749.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/109000749">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/030892287">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10581817">NARA</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6d32qnj">SNAC</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6j39cs3">2</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" 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