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Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American cannery owner, hatchery owner, politician</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other people named Robert Hume, see <a href="/wiki/Robert_Hume_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Robert Hume (disambiguation)">Robert Hume (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Robert Deniston Hume</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_Deniston_Hume.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Robert_Deniston_Hume.jpg/220px-Robert_Deniston_Hume.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Robert_Deniston_Hume.jpg/330px-Robert_Deniston_Hume.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Robert_Deniston_Hume.jpg/440px-Robert_Deniston_Hume.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1716" data-file-height="2296" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">R.D. Hume in the 1890s</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">October 31, 1845<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Augusta,_Maine" title="Augusta, Maine">Augusta, Maine</a>, US</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">November 25, 1908,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds1959238_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodds1959238-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> age 63<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Wedderburn,_Oregon" title="Wedderburn, Oregon">Wedderburn, Oregon</a>, US</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label">Hunt Rock in Wedderburn in 1908; body moved to San Francisco in 1912<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds1959222,_238_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodds1959222,_238-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role">Cannery owner, "pygmy monopolist", hatchery owner, politician</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Salmon canning and hatcheries, especially on the <a href="/wiki/Rogue_River_(Oregon)" title="Rogue River (Oregon)">Rogue River</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data org">Republican</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">Celia Bryant; Mary A. Duncan</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Robert Deniston Hume</b> (October 31, 1845 – November 25, 1908) was a <a href="/wiki/Canning" title="Canning">cannery</a> owner, pioneer <a href="/wiki/Fish_hatchery" title="Fish hatchery">hatchery</a> operator, politician, author, and self-described "pygmy monopolist" who controlled <a href="/wiki/Salmon" title="Salmon">salmon</a> fishing for 32 years on the lower <a href="/wiki/Rogue_River_(Oregon)" title="Rogue River (Oregon)">Rogue River</a> in U.S. state of <a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a>. Born in <a href="/wiki/Augusta,_Maine" title="Augusta, Maine">Augusta, Maine</a>, and reared by foster parents on a farm, Hume moved at age 18 to <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a> to join a salmon-canning business started by two of his brothers. They later re-located to <a href="/wiki/Astoria,_Oregon" title="Astoria, Oregon">Astoria</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Columbia_River" title="Columbia River">Columbia River</a>, where they prospered. After the death of his first wife and their two young children, Hume moved again and started anew in <a href="/wiki/Gold_Beach,_Oregon" title="Gold Beach, Oregon">Gold Beach</a>, at the mouth of the Rogue. </p><p>In 1877 Hume bought rights to a Rogue River <a href="/wiki/Fishery" title="Fishery">fishery</a>, then built a <a href="/wiki/Salmon_cannery" title="Salmon cannery">salmon cannery</a> and many other structures and acquired all of the <a href="/wiki/Tidelands" title="Tidelands">tidelands</a> bordering the lower 12 miles (19 km) of the river. He remarried, invested in a small fleet of ships and a salmon hatchery and expanded his business interests to include a store, hotel, newspaper, and many other enterprises in Gold Beach and in the nearby community of <a href="/wiki/Wedderburn,_Oregon" title="Wedderburn, Oregon">Wedderburn</a>, which he founded. Canning, shipping, and selling hundreds of tons of salmon over the years, he became known as the Salmon King of Oregon. </p><p>Hume often wrote editorials, engaged in litigation, appealed to legislators, and waged political campaigns to protect his business interests. Running as a <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a>, he was twice elected, in 1900 and 1902, to represent <a href="/wiki/Coos_County,_Oregon" title="Coos County, Oregon">Coos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Curry_County,_Oregon" title="Curry County, Oregon">Curry</a> counties in the <a href="/wiki/Oregon_House_of_Representatives" title="Oregon House of Representatives">Oregon House of Representatives</a>. According to his biographer, he voted self-interest first and conservative positions second, resisting <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(United_States)" title="People's Party (United States)">Populist</a> ideas in vogue at the time. </p><p>Among his publications were a series of articles about fish management, collected and reprinted as <i>Salmon of the Pacific Coast</i> in 1893. Despite his efforts to maintain a steady fish supply through egg-collecting and fish-rearing, salmon catches on the Rogue, rising in some years and falling in others, generally declined over time. Seventeen years after Hume's death in 1908, the state closed the river to commercial fishing. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Deniston_Hume&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Robert Hume, the youngest surviving boy in a family of 12 children,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds19593–6_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodds19593–6-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was born in Augusta, Maine, on October 31, 1845.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHume196185_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHume196185-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because his parents, William and Elizabeth Hume, had little money, he was adopted by the Robert Denistons when he was four years old.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds19593–6_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodds19593–6-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After growing up on the Deniston farm, he went to San Francisco at the age of 18 to work in a cannery operated by two of his brothers, <a href="/wiki/Hapgood-Hume_Company" title="Hapgood-Hume Company">Hapgood-Hume Company</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds19593–6_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodds19593–6-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1867, when Hume was 22, he and his brothers, who had moved north to Oregon, opened the first cannery on the Columbia River near Astoria.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds19593–6_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodds19593–6-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1869 he married Celia Bryant, with whom he had two children.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHume196130–45_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHume196130–45-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first, a girl, died while still a baby.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHume196135_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHume196135-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The second, a boy, died at age 4 in 1875, and Celia Hume died shortly thereafter.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHume196145_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHume196145-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Celia and the two children were buried in <a href="/wiki/Lone_Fir_Cemetery" title="Lone Fir Cemetery">Lone Fir Cemetery</a> in Portland.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHume196145_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHume196145-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although Hume had prospered, buying several Columbia River canneries between 1872 and 1876,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds19593–6_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodds19593–6-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when his wife and children died, he sold most of his holdings and returned to San Francisco. There he bought a steamer, the <i>Alexander Duncan</i>, and searching for new purpose in life, traveled north along the Oregon coast. While visiting Ellensburg (later renamed Gold Beach), he decided to buy a salmon fishery near the <a href="/wiki/River_delta" title="River delta">mouth</a> of the Rogue River in <a href="/wiki/Curry_County,_Oregon" title="Curry County, Oregon">Curry County</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds19596–8_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodds19596–8-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There in late 1876, "he took up his career once again in one of the most isolated and desolate sections of the Pacific Coast".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds19598_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodds19598-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lower_Rogue_empire">Lower Rogue empire</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Deniston_Hume&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Lower Rogue empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:R.D._Hume_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/R.D._Hume_map.png/220px-R.D._Hume_map.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/R.D._Hume_map.png/330px-R.D._Hume_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/R.D._Hume_map.png/440px-R.D._Hume_map.png 2x" data-file-width="2392" data-file-height="3022" /></a><figcaption>Map of Hume's holdings along the Rogue. Published in 1893 in Hume's book, <i>Salmon of the Pacific Coast</i>.</figcaption></figure><p> After building a cannery, warehouse, bunkhouse, <a href="/wiki/Cafeteria" title="Cafeteria">mess hall</a>, and other buildings and hiring fishermen, Hume opened his salmon business in 1877.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds195910_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodds195910-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He acquired ownership of all the <a href="/wiki/Tidelands" title="Tidelands">tidelands</a> along both sides of the lowermost 12 miles (19 km) of the river; this gave him virtual control of fish populations migrating between the ocean and <a href="/wiki/Spawning_bed" title="Spawning bed">spawning beds</a> upstream.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDorband200659–60_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDorband200659–60-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over the next 32 years, Hume's company caught, processed, and shipped hundreds of tons of salmon from the Rogue.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDorband200659–60_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDorband200659–60-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meanwhile, he remarried and expanded his business interests to include a store, hatchery, hotel, saloon, and sawmill, and other enterprises involving shipping, a newspaper (the <i>Gold Beach Gazette</i>), real estate, and ranching.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds195948–55_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodds195948–55-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After a fire destroyed the hatchery and several other Hume buildings in 1893,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds195974_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodds195974-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he moved many of his holdings to the opposite side of the river, where he founded the city of <a href="/wiki/Wedderburn,_Oregon" title="Wedderburn, Oregon">Wedderburn</a> in 1895, naming it "in honor of the ancestral castle of the Humes of Scotland".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds195978_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodds195978-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Floating some of his unburned buildings to Wedderburn from Ellensburg, he added a new hatchery, offices, a new home, many other buildings, and a <a href="/wiki/Horse_racing" title="Horse racing">horse-racing</a> track.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds195953,_68_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodds195953,_68-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He started another newspaper, the Wedderburn <i>Radium</i>, and applied successfully for a post office, which opened in 1898 and was run by a Hume employee in Hume's general store.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds195955–56_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodds195955–56-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As his businesses grew, he added to his fleet of ships, big ones to ship salmon to San Francisco and smaller ones for shallow waters and for towing larger ships in and out of the Rogue mouth. In 1879 he bought the steamer <i>Varuna</i> and the tug <i>Mary Hume</i> and started a shipyard at Ellensburg. In 1880 he added the steam schooner <i>Mary D. Hume</i>, the tug <i>Pelican</i> in 1883, the schooner <i>Berwick</i> in 1887, the steamer <i>Thistle</i> in 1888, and replacement craft in subsequent years.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds195934–39_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodds195934–39-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Returning ships brought goods for Hume's general store. </p> <blockquote><p>Throughout his career, the store was one of the central components of his business. It was a center of supplies and news for the people of the Rogue, who awaited the arrival of the fall provision ship with anticipation and anxiety, for this vessel was the only source of winter provisions. It provided Hume, the employer of the great majority of the citizens of Gold Beach and Wedderburn, with a means of repossessing the wages of his employees and of profiting on the exchange.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds195948–49_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodds195948–49-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Hume became known as the Salmon King of Oregon<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDorband200659–60_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDorband200659–60-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and referred to himself as a "pygmy monopolist" in an autobiography published in the <i>Radium</i> between 1904 and 1906.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds1959243_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodds1959243-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politician">Politician</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Deniston_Hume&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Politician"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to Hume's biographer, Gordon B. Dodds, Hume "entered politics both as officeholder and as lobbyist to protect his realm from the assaults of anti-monopolists".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds195995_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodds195995-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 1890 and 1910 in Oregon, <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(United_States)" title="People's Party (United States)">Populist</a>–Progressive coalitions led by <a href="/wiki/William_Simon_U%27Ren" title="William Simon U'Ren">W.S. U'Ren</a> and Governor <a href="/wiki/Sylvester_Pennoyer" title="Sylvester Pennoyer">Sylvester Pennoyer</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democrat</a>, battled business-oriented <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> factions based in Portland.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds195995–103_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodds195995–103-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1892, John H. Upton, the Populist candidate for the state legislature from Coos and Curry counties campaigned mainly in opposition to Hume's monopoly on the Rogue. Political threats like the one posed by Upton as well as threats from the <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Packers%27_Association" title="Alaska Packers' Association">Alaska Packers' Association</a> (APA), which had begun fishing the Rogue, led Hume to write political editorials, file lawsuits, endorse candidates, petition the legislature, and eventually to run for office himself.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds195995–103_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodds195995–103-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1894, Hume, hoping for a seat in the state legislature, campaigned in support of Populist demands such as unlimited coinage of silver, more regulation of large corporations (like the APA), and large-scale government spending for <a href="/wiki/Internal_improvements" title="Internal improvements">internal improvements</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds1959100–102_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodds1959100–102-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dodds says that this approach "illustrates Hume's view of the purpose of a political campaign: The program advocated should be one that would win, and not necessarily the program that the party or the candidate believed in."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds1959101_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodds1959101-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After losing this election, Hume went to <a href="/wiki/Salem,_Oregon" title="Salem, Oregon">Salem</a>, the state capital, in 1895 to lobby for bills that might favor his business interests.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds1959102–03_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodds1959102–03-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1896 Hume, switching to the Republican Party, used his newspaper, the Wedderburn <i>Gazette</i>, to support Republican <a href="/wiki/William_McKinley" title="William McKinley">William McKinley</a> for the U.S. presidency.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds1959103_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodds1959103-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1900 Hume, running as a Republican, narrowly won election to represent Coos and Curry counties in the state legislature. Shortly after taking office, Hume helped scuttle a bill to repeal a law passed in 1899 that gave the owner of tidelands the exclusive right to fish the waters in front of them. Since Hume owned all the tidelands on the Rogue, the law gave him a monopoly on fishing its lower reaches.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds1959105–13_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodds1959105–13-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On issues unrelated to his business interests, Hume generally voted conservative.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds1959105–13_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodds1959105–13-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He won re-election in 1902, garnering 934 votes—less than half of the total cast—to the Democrat's 807, the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_America" title="Socialist Party of America">Socialist</a>'s 219, and the <a href="/wiki/Prohibition_Party" title="Prohibition Party">Prohibition Party</a>'s 142.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds1959114_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodds1959114-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During his second term, Hume fought to keep the tidelands law intact and continued to support <a href="/wiki/Laissez-faire" title="Laissez-faire">laissez-faire</a> government and low taxes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds1959121_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodds1959121-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hume attempted but failed to win nomination for a seat in the state <a href="/wiki/Oregon_State_Senate" title="Oregon State Senate">Senate</a> in 1904, a seat in the state <a href="/wiki/Oregon_House_of_Representatives" title="Oregon House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a> in 1906, and a seat in the state Senate in 1908.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds1959122–27_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodds1959122–27-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dodds sums up Hume's political career by saying: </p> <blockquote><p>His accomplishments as a legislator were slight; only one of his bills ever passed. On the other hand, he spoke and voted against many measures that were defeated and his credo of legislative decision was, first, his own interests and, second, support of a conservative position. In the midst of the Progressive era he remained a "stalwart among the stalwarts", although during the Populist regime he had expediently yielded for a time to free silver.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds1959127–28_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodds1959127–28-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hatcheries">Hatcheries</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Deniston_Hume&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Hatcheries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hume_label_fix.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Hume_label_fix.png/220px-Hume_label_fix.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Hume_label_fix.png/330px-Hume_label_fix.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Hume_label_fix.png/440px-Hume_label_fix.png 2x" data-file-width="581" data-file-height="422" /></a><figcaption>Label from one of Hume's salmon cans</figcaption></figure><p> Although Hume had shown no early interest in salmon conservation on the Columbia and elsewhere, on the Rogue he tried to protect the fish supply. Disappointed with his company's catch in 1877, he built a hatchery in Ellensburg, and in all but 7 of his 32 years on the river he operated hatcheries along the Rogue.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds1959131–32_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodds1959131–32-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Through his newspapers, lawsuits, lobbying, and speeches made while a member of the Oregon Legislature, Hume tried to influence public opinion about artificial fish propagation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds1959158–72_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodds1959158–72-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1893, he published a series of articles, later reprinted as <i>Salmon of the Pacific Coast</i>, that summarized his ideas about <a href="/wiki/Ichthyology" title="Ichthyology">ichthyology</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds1959137_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodds1959137-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1897, Hume persuaded the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Fish_Commission" title="United States Fish Commission">United States Fish Commission</a> to run an egg-collecting station at <a href="/wiki/Elk_Creek_(Rogue_River)" class="mw-redirect" title="Elk Creek (Rogue River)">Elk Creek</a> 150 miles (240 km) from the mouth of the Rogue. Hume built the station, and the government paid the salaries of the workers who collected the eggs and shipped them to Hume's hatchery in Wedderburn.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds1959155_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodds1959155-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although his observations on salmon were well received in some quarters, they "often conflicted with the opinions of other pioneers in the field",<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds1959137_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodds1959137-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and his attempts to control upriver fishing and dams met with resistance and with arguments that he was overfishing the river at its mouth.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds1959138_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodds1959138-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite Hume's attempts to preserve the fishery, fish runs, oscillating from year to year for a variety of reasons, trended downward over time. The total reported Rogue River salmon catch in 1877, Hume's first year on the Rogue, was 531,000 pounds (241,000 kg); the peak catch during Hume's life was 1,632,000 pounds (740,000 kg) in 1890, and the catch in 1908, the year of Hume's death, was 476,000 pounds (216,000 kg).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaylor1999207_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor1999207-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As fish runs continued to diminish, the state legislature closed the river to commercial fishing in 1935.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family_life,_death,_and_legacy"><span id="Family_life.2C_death.2C_and_legacy"></span>Family life, death, and legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Deniston_Hume&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Family life, death, and legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In December 1877, the year after his move to Ellensburg, Hume married Mary Duncan, the 19-year-old daughter of a former <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealander</a>, George Duncan, who had lost his fortune in the stock market and hoped to make another by canning salmon in the U.S.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds195911–13_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodds195911–13-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Dodds, Mary led a relatively secluded life, working in her flower garden, writing letters, and talking to friends, and occasionally selecting clothing for Hume's store or acting as his secretary when he was sick. Although business occupied Hume most of the time, he seemed to value his wife's help, Dodds says, and "events indicated their mutual affection".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds1959221–22_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodds1959221–22-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 1908 Hume was traveling on the schooner <i>Osprey</i>, which was towing another ship, <i>Enterprise</i>, when a storm arose. The <i>Enterprise</i> was wrecked, but <i>Osprey</i> rescued its crew and arrived safely in Wedderburn. Hume, who had been exposed to wet and cold, grew ill, rallied briefly, then died on November 17. According to Dodds, "His dying wish was that he be buried at Hunt Rock overlooking his empire on the Rogue."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds1959238_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodds1959238-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1912, after she had sold the Hume holdings in Curry County, Mary Hume had Hume's body moved to San Francisco.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds1959222_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodds1959222-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Opinions vary about Hume's fish theories and practices, which influenced state and federal salmon management for many decades after his death.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaylor1999211–12_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor1999211–12-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Hume was ahead of his time", Dodds says, "in his belief in hatcheries, in his practice of retaining fry [immature fish] in feeding ponds, and in his belief in the home-stream theory of salmonology."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds1959157_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodds1959157-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another writer says that "Robert Hume's efforts to restock the Rogue with hatchery fish were an early glimmer in the dawning of a new era on the river and in the nation at large"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDorband200661_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDorband200661-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> even though "his motives may have been suspect, and the practice a less-than-perfect solution".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDorband200661_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDorband200661-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Environmental historian Joseph Taylor says that while many Oregonians regarded Hume as a salmon expert, "his reputation often exceeded his results".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaylor1999208_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor1999208-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A late 20th-century fisheries scientist sees Hume as "a keen observer of the salmon's natural history, although he did not always interpret his observations correctly."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELichatowich1999146_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELichatowich1999146-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_and_references">Notes and references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Deniston_Hume&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes and references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Deniston_Hume&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">To protect the eggs from hatching en route, they were packed in crates of wet moss, and the crates were packed in boxes filled with ice and sawdust. The boxes were shipped by horse-drawn wagon to Medford, then by train to Portland or San Francisco, then by steamer to Hume's hatchery 150 miles (240 km) downstream from the egg-collecting station.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDorband200658–63_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDorband200658–63-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The eggs could not be shipped via the Rogue itself because parts of it were largely unnavigable.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds1959155_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodds1959155-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="References">References</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Deniston_Hume&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodds1959238-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds1959238_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds1959238_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDodds1959">Dodds 1959</a>, p. 238.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodds1959222,_238-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds1959222,_238_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDodds1959">Dodds 1959</a>, pp. 222, 238.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodds19593–6-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds19593–6_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds19593–6_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds19593–6_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds19593–6_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds19593–6_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDodds1959">Dodds 1959</a>, pp. 3–6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHume196185-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHume196185_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHume1961">Hume 1961</a>, p. 85.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHume196130–45-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHume196130–45_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHume1961">Hume 1961</a>, pp. 30–45.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHume196135-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHume196135_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHume1961">Hume 1961</a>, p. 35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHume196145-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHume196145_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHume196145_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHume1961">Hume 1961</a>, p. 45.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodds19596–8-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds19596–8_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDodds1959">Dodds 1959</a>, pp. 6–8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodds19598-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds19598_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDodds1959">Dodds 1959</a>, p. 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodds195910-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds195910_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDodds1959">Dodds 1959</a>, p. 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDorband200659–60-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDorband200659–60_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDorband200659–60_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDorband200659–60_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDorband2006">Dorband 2006</a>, pp. 59–60.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodds195948–55-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds195948–55_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDodds1959">Dodds 1959</a>, pp. 48–55.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodds195974-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds195974_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDodds1959">Dodds 1959</a>, p. 74.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodds195978-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds195978_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDodds1959">Dodds 1959</a>, p. 78.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodds195953,_68-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds195953,_68_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDodds1959">Dodds 1959</a>, pp. 53, 68.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodds195955–56-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds195955–56_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDodds1959">Dodds 1959</a>, pp. 55–56.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodds195934–39-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds195934–39_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDodds1959">Dodds 1959</a>, pp. 34–39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodds195948–49-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds195948–49_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDodds1959">Dodds 1959</a>, pp. 48–49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodds1959243-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds1959243_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDodds1959">Dodds 1959</a>, p. 243.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodds195995-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds195995_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDodds1959">Dodds 1959</a>, p. 95.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodds195995–103-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds195995–103_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds195995–103_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDodds1959">Dodds 1959</a>, pp. 95–103.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodds1959100–102-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds1959100–102_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDodds1959">Dodds 1959</a>, pp. 100–102.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodds1959101-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds1959101_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDodds1959">Dodds 1959</a>, p. 101.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodds1959102–03-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds1959102–03_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDodds1959">Dodds 1959</a>, pp. 102–03.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodds1959103-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds1959103_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDodds1959">Dodds 1959</a>, p. 103.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodds1959105–13-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds1959105–13_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds1959105–13_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDodds1959">Dodds 1959</a>, pp. 105–13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodds1959114-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds1959114_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDodds1959">Dodds 1959</a>, p. 114.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodds1959121-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds1959121_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDodds1959">Dodds 1959</a>, p. 121.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodds1959122–27-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds1959122–27_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDodds1959">Dodds 1959</a>, pp. 122–27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodds1959127–28-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds1959127–28_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDodds1959">Dodds 1959</a>, pp. 127–28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodds1959131–32-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds1959131–32_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDodds1959">Dodds 1959</a>, pp. 131–32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodds1959158–72-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds1959158–72_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDodds1959">Dodds 1959</a>, pp. 158–72.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodds1959137-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds1959137_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds1959137_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDodds1959">Dodds 1959</a>, p. 137.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodds1959155-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds1959155_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds1959155_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDodds1959">Dodds 1959</a>, p. 155.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDorband200658–63-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDorband200658–63_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDorband2006">Dorband 2006</a>, pp. 58–63.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodds1959138-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds1959138_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDodds1959">Dodds 1959</a>, p. 138.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor1999207-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaylor1999207_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTaylor1999">Taylor 1999</a>, p. 207.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCain2002" class="citation web cs1">Cain, Allen (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ohs.org/education/oregonhistory/historical_records/dspDocument.cfm?doc_ID=5719D4DA-E58F-5488-94C69CBE74A8FBC0">"News Editorial, Nets vs. Development (<i>Curry County Reporter</i>, August 15, 1935)"</a>. Oregon Historical Society. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151007052319/http://www.ohs.org/education/oregonhistory/historical_records/dspDocument.cfm?doc_ID=5719D4DA-E58F-5488-94C69CBE74A8FBC0">Archived</a> from the original on October 7, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 12,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=News+Editorial%2C+Nets+vs.+Development+%28Curry+County+Reporter%2C+August+15%2C+1935%29&rft.pub=Oregon+Historical+Society&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Cain&rft.aufirst=Allen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ohs.org%2Feducation%2Foregonhistory%2Fhistorical_records%2FdspDocument.cfm%3Fdoc_ID%3D5719D4DA-E58F-5488-94C69CBE74A8FBC0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Deniston+Hume" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodds195911–13-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds195911–13_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDodds1959">Dodds 1959</a>, pp. 11–13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodds1959221–22-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds1959221–22_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDodds1959">Dodds 1959</a>, pp. 221–22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodds1959222-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds1959222_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDodds1959">Dodds 1959</a>, p. 222.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor1999211–12-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaylor1999211–12_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTaylor1999">Taylor 1999</a>, pp. 211–12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodds1959157-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodds1959157_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDodds1959">Dodds 1959</a>, p. 157.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDorband200661-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDorband200661_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDorband200661_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDorband2006">Dorband 2006</a>, p. 61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor1999208-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaylor1999208_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTaylor1999">Taylor 1999</a>, p. 208.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELichatowich1999146-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELichatowich1999146_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLichatowich1999">Lichatowich 1999</a>, p. 146.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Deniston_Hume&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDodds1959" class="citation book cs1">Dodds, Gordon B. (1959). <i>The Salmon King of Oregon: R.D. Hume and the Pacific Fisheries</i>. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/469312613">469312613</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Salmon+King+of+Oregon%3A+R.D.+Hume+and+the+Pacific+Fisheries&rft.place=Chapel+Hill&rft.pub=The+University+of+North+Carolina+Press&rft.date=1959&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F469312613&rft.aulast=Dodds&rft.aufirst=Gordon+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Deniston+Hume" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDorband2006" class="citation book cs1">Dorband, Roger (2006). <i>The Rogue: Portrait of a River</i>. Portland, Oregon: Raven Studios. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9728609-3-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9728609-3-2"><bdi>978-0-9728609-3-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rogue%3A+Portrait+of+a+River&rft.place=Portland%2C+Oregon&rft.pub=Raven+Studios&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-9728609-3-2&rft.aulast=Dorband&rft.aufirst=Roger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Deniston+Hume" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHume1961" class="citation book cs1">Hume, R. D. (1961). Dodds, Gordon B. (ed.). <i>A Pygmy Monopolist: The Life and Doings of R.D. Hume Written by Himself and Dedicated to His Neighbors</i>. Madison, Wisconsin: The State Historical Society of Wisconsin for the Department of History, University of Wisconsin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-258-46766-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-258-46766-1"><bdi>978-1-258-46766-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/560885578">560885578</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Pygmy+Monopolist%3A+The+Life+and+Doings+of+R.D.+Hume+Written+by+Himself+and+Dedicated+to+His+Neighbors&rft.place=Madison%2C+Wisconsin&rft.pub=The+State+Historical+Society+of+Wisconsin+for+the+Department+of+History%2C+University+of+Wisconsin&rft.date=1961&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F560885578&rft.isbn=978-1-258-46766-1&rft.aulast=Hume&rft.aufirst=R.+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Deniston+Hume" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLichatowich1999" class="citation book cs1">Lichatowich, James A. (1999). <i>Salmon Without Rivers: A History of the Pacific Salmon Crisis</i>. Washington, D.C.: Island Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55963-361-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55963-361-1"><bdi>978-1-55963-361-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Salmon+Without+Rivers%3A+A+History+of+the+Pacific+Salmon+Crisis&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=Island+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-1-55963-361-1&rft.aulast=Lichatowich&rft.aufirst=James+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Deniston+Hume" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor1999" class="citation book cs1">Taylor, Joseph E. III. (1999). <i>Making Salmon: An Environmental History of the Northwest Fisheries Crisis</i>. Seattle: University of Washington Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-295-98114-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-295-98114-7"><bdi>978-0-295-98114-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Making+Salmon%3A+An+Environmental+History+of+the+Northwest+Fisheries+Crisis&rft.place=Seattle&rft.pub=University+of+Washington+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-295-98114-7&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Joseph+E.+III.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Deniston+Hume" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Deniston_Hume&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/robert_deniston_hume_1845_1908/#.U3t9kyiorqw">Robert Deniston Hume (1845–1908)</a>, in <a href="/wiki/The_Oregon_Encyclopedia" title="The Oregon Encyclopedia">The Oregon Encyclopedia</a></li></ul> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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