CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Ivatan language - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"34db63af-da0a-4e00-9448-e4f114333be3","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Ivatan_language","wgTitle":"Ivatan language","wgCurRevisionId":1256649182,"wgRevisionId":1256649182,"wgArticleId":1171412,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages containing links to subscription-only content","Language articles citing Ethnologue 18","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Articles needing cleanup from June 2020","All pages needing cleanup","Cleanup tagged articles with a reason field from June 2020","Wikipedia pages needing cleanup from June 2020","Use dmy dates from October 2020","Language articles with old Ethnologue 18 speaker data", "Articles containing Ivatan-language text","Articles containing Filipino-language text","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from November 2022","Wikipedia articles needing clarification from November 2022","Pages with plain IPA","All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases","Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from November 2022","Articles containing Ibatan-language text","Articles containing Tagalog-language text","Articles containing Bikol-language text","Articles containing Cebuano-language text","Articles containing Tausug-language text","Articles containing Kinaray-a-language text","Articles containing Kapampangan-language text","Articles containing Pangasinan-language text","Articles containing Ilocano-language text","Articles containing Gaddang-language text","Articles containing Tboli-language text","Articles with unsourced statements from June 2020","Webarchive template wayback links", "Batanic languages","Languages of Batanes","Languages of Cagayan"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Ivatan_language","wgRelevantArticleId":1171412,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false, "wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q3547080","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site", "mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/The_Batanic_languages.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1203"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/The_Batanic_languages.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="802"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/The_Batanic_languages.png/640px-The_Batanic_languages.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="642"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Ivatan language - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivatan_language"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Ivatan_language&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivatan_language"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Ivatan_language rootpage-Ivatan_language skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Ivatan+language" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Ivatan+language" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Ivatan+language" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Ivatan+language" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Introduction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Introduction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Introduction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Introduction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Variations_in_language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variations_in_language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Variations in language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Variations_in_language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phonology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phonology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Phonology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Phonology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grammar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grammar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Grammar</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Grammar-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Grammar subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Grammar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pronouns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pronouns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Pronouns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pronouns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_terms_of_the_Ivatan_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_terms_of_the_Ivatan_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Cultural terms of the Ivatan people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_terms_of_the_Ivatan_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phrases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phrases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Phrases</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Phrases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ivatan_words" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ivatan_words"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Ivatan words</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ivatan_words-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Ivatan words subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ivatan_words-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Similarities_with_other_Philippine_languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Similarities_with_other_Philippine_languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Similarities with other Philippine languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Similarities_with_other_Philippine_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Similarities_with_the_Tao_language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Similarities_with_the_Tao_language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Similarities with the Tao language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Similarities_with_the_Tao_language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Accommodation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accommodation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Accommodation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Accommodation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Approval_and_disapproval" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Approval_and_disapproval"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Approval and disapproval</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Approval_and_disapproval-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6</span> <span>Colors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Days_of_the_week" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Days_of_the_week"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.7</span> <span>Days of the week</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Days_of_the_week-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Direction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Direction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.8</span> <span>Direction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Direction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cardinal_numbers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cardinal_numbers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.9</span> <span>Cardinal numbers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cardinal_numbers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Writing_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Writing_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Writing system</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Writing_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ivatan language</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 14 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-14" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">14 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tataramon_na_Ibatan" title="Tataramon na Ibatan – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tataramon na Ibatan" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivatani_keel" title="Ivatani keel – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ivatani keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EB%B0%94%ED%83%84%EC%96%B4" title="이바탄어 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이바탄어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsasao_nga_Ibatan" title="Pagsasao nga Ibatan – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pagsasao nga Ibatan" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Ivatan" title="Bahasa Ivatan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Ivatan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amanung_Ivatan" title="Amanung Ivatan – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Amanung Ivatan" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiivatan" title="Kiivatan – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kiivatan" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivatan-ng%E1%B9%B3%CC%84" title="Ivatan-ngṳ̄ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ivatan-ngṳ̄" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A1%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8C%E3%83%B3%E8%AA%9E" title="イヴァターヌン語 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イヴァターヌン語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_ivatan" title="Lenga ivatan – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga ivatan" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_ivatan" title="Język ivatan – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język ivatan" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_ivatan" title="Língua ivatan – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua ivatan" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Ibatan" title="Wikang Ibatan – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikang Ibatan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="ภาษาอีวาตัน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาอีวาตัน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3547080#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ivatan_language" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Ivatan_language" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ivatan_language"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivatan_language&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivatan_language&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ivatan_language"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivatan_language&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivatan_language&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Ivatan_language" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Ivatan_language" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivatan_language&oldid=1256649182" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivatan_language&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Ivatan_language&id=1256649182&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FIvatan_language"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FIvatan_language"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Ivatan_language&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivatan_language&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Ivatan_phrasebook" hreflang="en"><span>Wikivoyage</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3547080" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Batanic language of the Ivatan people of the Philippines</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Cleanup plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Cleanup" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article may <b>require <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">cleanup</a></b> to meet Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">quality standards</a>. The specific problem is: <b>Word lists of unknown origins, Variations in language is unsourced, long list of external links.</b><span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Ivatan_language" title="Special:EditPage/Ivatan language">improve this article</a> if you can.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="font-size:125%; color: black; background-color: pink;">Ivatan</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: pink;">Ibatan</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: pink;"><i>Chirin nu Ibatan</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Native to</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Region</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Batanes" title="Batanes">Batanes Islands</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Ethnicity</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Ivatan_people" title="Ivatan people">Ivatan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Native speakers</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">(33,000 cited 1996–2007)<sup id="cite_ref-e18_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e18-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">Language family</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_languages" title="Austronesian languages">Austronesian</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/wiki/Malayo-Polynesian_languages" title="Malayo-Polynesian languages">Malayo-Polynesian</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_languages" title="Philippine languages">Philippine</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Batanic_languages" title="Batanic languages">Batanic</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>Ivatan</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="plainlist"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Dialects</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"> <ul><li>Ivasay</li> <li>Isamurung</li> <li>Babuyan</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: pink;">Official status</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Recognised minority<br />language in</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Regional_language" title="Regional language">Regional language</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_language_regulators" title="List of language regulators">Regulated by</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Komisyon_sa_Wikang_Filipino" class="mw-redirect" title="Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino">Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: pink;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Either:<br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/ivv" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:ivv">ivv</a></code> – Ivatan<br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/ivb" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:ivb">ivb</a></code> – Ibatan (Babuyan)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></i></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/ivat1242">ivat1242</a></code>  Ivatan<br /><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/ibat1238">ibat1238</a></code>  Ibatan</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Batanic_languages.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/The_Batanic_languages.png/320px-The_Batanic_languages.png" decoding="async" width="320" height="321" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/The_Batanic_languages.png/480px-The_Batanic_languages.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/The_Batanic_languages.png/640px-The_Batanic_languages.png 2x" data-file-width="798" data-file-height="800" /></a></span><div style="text-align:left;">The location of the Ivatan language within the Batanic languages</div></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style> <p>The <b>Ivatan</b> language, also known as <b>Chirin nu Ivatan</b> ("language of the <a href="/wiki/Ivatan_people" title="Ivatan people">Ivatan people</a>"), is an <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Austronesian language">Austronesian language</a> spoken in the <a href="/wiki/Batanes" title="Batanes">Batanes</a> Islands of the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>. </p><p>Although the islands are closer to <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> than to Luzon, it is not one of the <a href="/wiki/Formosan_languages" title="Formosan languages">Formosan languages</a>. Ivatan is one of the <a href="/wiki/Batanic_languages" title="Batanic languages">Batanic languages</a>, which are perhaps a primary branch of the <a href="/wiki/Malayo-Polynesian" class="mw-redirect" title="Malayo-Polynesian">Malayo-Polynesian</a> family of <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_languages" title="Austronesian languages">Austronesian languages</a>. </p><p>The language of <a href="/wiki/Babuyan_Island" title="Babuyan Island">Babuyan Island</a> (Ibatan) is sometimes classified as a dialect of the Ivatan language. Most of the Babuyan population moved to <a href="/wiki/Batan_Island" title="Batan Island">Batan Island</a> and to Luzon mainland during the Spanish colonial period. The island became repopulated at the end of the 19th century with families from Batan, most of them speakers of one of the Ivatan dialects.<sup id="cite_ref-Ross_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ross-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ivatan speakers are found outside their homeland, many of them settled in mainland Luzon particularly in nearby <a href="/wiki/Cagayan_Valley" title="Cagayan Valley">Cagayan Valley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ilocos_Region" title="Ilocos Region">Ilocandia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cordillera_Administrative_Region" title="Cordillera Administrative Region">Cordillera Administrative Region</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Luzon" title="Central Luzon">Central Luzon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metro_Manila" title="Metro Manila">Metro Manila</a>, <a href="/wiki/Calabarzon" title="Calabarzon">Calabarzon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mindoro" title="Mindoro">Mindoro</a> and <a href="/wiki/Palawan" title="Palawan">Palawan</a> and also settled as far as <a href="/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao">Mindanao</a>. In Mindanao, a significant Ivatan-speaking minority exist mainly in <a href="/wiki/Bukidnon" title="Bukidnon">Bukidnon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lanao_(province)" title="Lanao (province)">Lanao</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cotabato" title="Cotabato">Cotabato</a> where they settled since the 1950s in search of economic opportunities settled down in government homesteads in these areas. Nowadays, however, their language has becoming endangered among Ivatan settlers' descendants especially newer generations born in Mindanao, due to being accustomed into a society of Cebuano-speaking majority. Like elsewhere, intermarriage between Ivatans and Mindanaoans of various ethnicities are not uncommon. Most of these Ivatans in Mindanao today speak the majority language of <a href="/wiki/Cebuano_language" title="Cebuano language">Cebuano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hiligaynon_language" title="Hiligaynon language">Hiligaynon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tagalog_language" title="Tagalog language">Tagalog</a> and other Mindanao indigenous languages more than their ancestors' native language in varying fluency or none at all.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Introduction">Introduction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivatan_language&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Introduction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ivatan is especially characterized by its words, which mostly have the letter <i>v</i>, as in <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">vakul</i></span>, <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Ivatan</i></span>, and <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">valuga</i></span>. While related to the Northern Philippine group of languages, Ivatan, having been isolated, is most close to the two other members of the Bashiic sub-group of languages, <a href="/wiki/Yami_language" title="Yami language">Yami</a> (Tao) and <a href="/wiki/Itbayat_language" title="Itbayat language">Itbayat</a>, neither of which is indigenous to Luzon. Ibatan dialect, spoken on the nearby Babuyan group of islands, is so similar to Ivatan that it is not entirely clear whether it should be classified as a dialect of Ivatan or a separate language, though each does receive its own code in ISO taxonomy. </p><p>Ivatan has two dialects; Basco Ivatan, more commonly known as <b>Ivasay</b>, spoken on the main island of Batan, and Southern Ivatan or <b>Isamurung</b>, spoken on the southern half of Batan and on the most southern island, Sabtang.<sup id="cite_ref-Ross_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ross-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variations_in_language">Variations in language</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivatan_language&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Variations in language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the capital of Basco and the surrounding northern half of Batan, the area encompassed by Ivasayen, <i>t</i> is prominent, whereas in the Isamurongen zone to the south (Mahatao, Ivana, Uyugan and Sabtang) that phoneme becomes a <i>ch</i>. </p><p>Examples of the more visible variations of the Ivasayen and Isamurongen words and pronunciations are: </p> <ul><li><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">tiban</i></span> ('to look') in Basco is <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">chiban</i></span> in the southern towns</li> <li><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">antiyaw</i></span> ('later') in Basco is <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">anchiyaw</i></span> in the southern towns</li> <li><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">kabatiti</i></span> ('patola') in Basco is <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">kabachichi</i></span> in the southern towns</li> <li><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">timoy</i></span> ('rain') in Basco is <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">chimoy</i></span> in the southern towns</li></ul> <p>Itbayaten is sometimes also considered a dialect. 2% of the total vocabulary does not occur in Ivatan dialects. Examples of different Ivasayen, Isamurongen and Itbayaten words that have the same English translation: </p> <ul><li><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">adkan</i></span> ('to kiss') in Basco and the southern towns is <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">umahan</i></span> in Itbayat.</li> <li><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">arava</i></span> ('none') in Basco and the southern towns is <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">aralih</i></span> in Itbayat.</li> <li><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">bago</i></span> ('pig') in Basco and the southern towns is <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">kuyis</i></span> in Itbayat.</li> <li><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">otioyan</i></span> ('nest') in Basco is <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">ochoyan</i></span> in the southern towns and <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">hangtay</i></span> in Itbayat.</li> <li><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">ipes</i></span> ('tail') in Basco is <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">vochivot</i></span> in the southern towns and also <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">ipes</i></span> in Itbayat.</li></ul> <p>Ivatan and <a href="/wiki/Filipino_language" title="Filipino language">Filipino</a> words are sometimes combined, as in the Ivatan word <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">mapatak</i></span>. It is derived from <span title="Filipino-language text"><i lang="fil">marunong</i></span> (Filipino) and <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">chapatak</i></span> (Ivatan), literally 'someone who knows', which were then compounded to form the word <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">mapatak</i></span>. This is the result of the influence of non-Ivatans who tend to speak the language and were then eventually adopted.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Examples of <a href="/wiki/Metathesis_(linguistics)" title="Metathesis (linguistics)">metathesis</a> in Ivatan include <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">iskarayla</i></span> for <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">iskalayra</i></span> ('stairs') and <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">tumaraya</i></span> for <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">tumayara</i></span> ('going up'). </p><p>Ivatan slang includes examples such as <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">tanchew</i></span>, coined from <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">mirwa ta anchiyaw</i></span> – literally 'we’ll meet again later', and <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">nganmu</i></span>, coined from <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">jinu ngayan mu</i></span>, literally 'where are you going'. These are results of shortening Ivatan phrases or sentences into one or two words, depending on usage. </p><p>Common Ivatan expressions have various origins such as:<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="this doesn't describe origins (November 2022)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <ul><li><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Dios mamajes</i></span> or <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Dios Mamajes nu mapia</i></span><br />Literally: 'God reward you with goodness' or 'God bless you'<br />Usage: Used to show gratitude to someone</li> <li><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Dios mavidin</i></span><br />Literally: 'May God remain with you'<br />Usage: Used by the person who is leaving</li> <li><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Dios machivan</i></span><br />Literally: 'May God go with you'<br />Usage: Used by the person who is staying behind</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Phonology">Phonology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivatan_language&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Phonology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"> <caption>Vowels of Ivatan<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Front_vowel" title="Front vowel">Front</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Central_vowel" title="Central vowel">Central</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Back_vowel" title="Back vowel">Back</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Close_vowel" title="Close vowel">Close</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Close back unrounded vowel">ɯ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">u</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Mid_vowel" title="Mid vowel">Mid</a> </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td colspan="2"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">o</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Open_vowel" title="Open vowel">Open</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open front unrounded vowel">a</a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>/u/ can also be lowered to <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Near-close_near-back_rounded_vowel" title="Near-close near-back rounded vowel">ʊ</a>]</span>. Vowel [e] only occurs in loanwords from <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ilocano_language" title="Ilocano language">Ilocano</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tagalog_language" title="Tagalog language">Tagalog</a>. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <caption>Consonants of Ivatan<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2"> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Labial_consonant" title="Labial consonant">Labial</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_consonant" title="Alveolar consonant">Alveolar</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Palatal_consonant" title="Palatal consonant">Palatal</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Velar_consonant" title="Velar consonant">Velar</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Glottal_consonant" title="Glottal consonant">Glottal</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Nasal_consonant" title="Nasal consonant">Nasal</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_nasal" title="Voiced bilabial nasal">m</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar nasal">n</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_nasal" title="Voiced palatal nasal">ɲ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_nasal" title="Voiced velar nasal">ŋ</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Plosive" title="Plosive">Plosive</a>/<br /><a href="/wiki/Affricate" title="Affricate">Affricate</a> </th> <th><span style="font-size:85%;">voiceless</span> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiceless bilabial plosive">p</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar plosive">t</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless postalveolar affricate">tʃ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a></span> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop">ʔ</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span style="font-size:85%;">voiced</span> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiced bilabial plosive">b</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar plosive">d</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiced postalveolar affricate">dʒ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">ɡ</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Fricative" title="Fricative">Fricative</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiced labiodental fricative">v</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_fricative" title="Voiced velar fricative">ɣ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_fricative" title="Voiceless glottal fricative">h</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Approximant" title="Approximant">Approximant</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral approximant">l</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Tap_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Tap consonant">Tap</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_and_alveolar_taps_and_flaps" title="Voiced dental and alveolar taps and flaps">ɾ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>/h/ can also be heard as a velar fricative <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_fricative" title="Voiceless velar fricative">x</a>]</span>. Ivatan is one of the Philippine languages that do not exhibit [<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɾ</span>]-[d] allophony. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grammar">Grammar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivatan_language&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Grammar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pronouns">Pronouns</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivatan_language&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Pronouns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following set of pronouns is found in the Ivatan language.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </th> <th colspan="2">Nominative </th> <th colspan="2">Genitive </th> <th rowspan="2">Locative </th></tr> <tr> <th>free</th> <th>bound </th> <th>free</th> <th>bound </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3">1st person </th> <th colspan="2">singular </th> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">yaken</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">'ako</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">niaken</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">ko</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">diaken</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">plural </th> <th>exclusive </th> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">yamen</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">kami</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">niamen</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">namen</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">diamen</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>inclusive </th> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">yaten</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">ta</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">niaten</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">ta</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">diaten</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">2nd person </th> <th colspan="2">singular </th> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">'imo</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">'ka</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">nimo</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">mo</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">dimo</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">plural </th> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">'inio</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">kamo</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">ninio</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">nio</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">dinio</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">3rd person </th> <th colspan="2">singular </th> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">sia</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">sia</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">nia</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">na</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">dia</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">plural </th> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">sira/sa</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">sira/sa</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">nira</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">da</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">dira</i></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_terms_of_the_Ivatan_people">Cultural terms of the Ivatan people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivatan_language&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Cultural terms of the Ivatan people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">uve</i></span>, <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">uvi</i></span>, <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">sudi</i></span> – <a href="/wiki/Yam_(vegetable)" title="Yam (vegetable)">yam</a>; <a href="/wiki/Staple_crop" class="mw-redirect" title="Staple crop">staple crop</a></li> <li><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">sudi</i></span> – <a href="/wiki/Taro" title="Taro">taro</a></li> <li><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">wakay</i></span> – <a href="/wiki/Sweet_potato" title="Sweet potato">sweet potato</a></li> <li><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">bulyas</i></span> – onions</li> <li><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">baka</i></span> – cow</li> <li><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">kaddin</i></span> – goat</li> <li><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">kayvayvanan</i></span> – friendship; cooperative work by a community which starts at the blow of a shell horn called a <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">vodiadong</i></span></li> <li><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">payohoan</i></span> – helping one another; work club of teenagers who alternate their shifts</li> <li><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">faluwa</i></span>; <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">chinarem</i></span>; <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">tataya</i></span> – three boats used for fishing</li> <li><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">kabbata</i></span> – legends</li> <li><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">laji</i></span> – lyric folk songs</li> <li><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">kalusan</i></span> – working songs</li> <li><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">sisyavak</i></span> – humorous anecdotes and tales</li> <li><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">kabbuni</i></span> – riddles</li> <li><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">pananahan</i></span> – proverbs</li> <li><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">vachi</i></span> – song leader</li> <li><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">mais</i></span> – corn</li> <li><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">paray</i></span> – rice plant</li> <li><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">dukay</i></span> – <a href="/wiki/Lesser_yam" class="mw-redirect" title="Lesser yam">lesser yam</a></li> <li><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">rakarakanen</i></span> – vegetables</li> <li><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">hagsa</i></span> – an extinct wild deer<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too vague attribution or weasel words. (November 2022)">which?</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">vulaw a bagu</i></span> – <a href="/wiki/Wild_boar" title="Wild boar">wild boar</a></li> <li><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">tatus</i></span> – <a href="/wiki/Coconut_crabs" class="mw-redirect" title="Coconut crabs">coconut crabs</a></li> <li><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">lakasan</i></span> – tops of wooden trunks used for storing cloth and other valuables which serve as benches</li> <li><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">dulang</i></span> – low dining table</li> <li><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">bangku</i></span> – low bench</li> <li><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">rahaung</i></span>, <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">camarin</i></span> – a storeroom for larger farm equipment such as plows, harrows, sleds, cards, and the ox-drawn pole used for clearing off sweet potatoes and other vines from fields being prepared for re-cultivation</li> <li><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">vuyavuy</i></span> – <i><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_loureiroi" title="Phoenix loureiroi">Phoenix loureiroi</a></i>, a small <a href="/wiki/Arecaceae" title="Arecaceae">palm</a> growing usually on <a href="/wiki/Batanes" title="Batanes">Batanes</a> coastal hills</li> <li><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">talugung</i></span> – a kind of conical hat woven from strips made from the stalk of a local plant called <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">nini</i></span></li> <li><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">pasikin</i></span> – small <a href="/wiki/Bamboo" title="Bamboo">bamboo</a> or <a href="/wiki/Rattan" title="Rattan">rattan</a> baskets worn on the back</li> <li><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">lukoy</i></span> – <a href="/wiki/Bolo_knife" title="Bolo knife">bolo knife</a></li> <li><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">suhut</i></span> – sheath of a bolo knife</li> <li><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">suut</i></span>, <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">vakul</i></span> – a head-and-back covering woven from the stripped leaves of banana or the <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">vuyavuy</i></span></li> <li><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">alat</i></span> – baskets</li> <li><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">batulinaw</i></span> – a necklace made of hollow globules (1½ cm. in diameter) interspersed with smaller pieces of gold in floral patterns and held together by a string made of fiber</li> <li><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">tamburin</i></span> – an all-gold necklace whose beads are smaller and more ornate than the <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">batulinaw</i></span>, and lockets</li> <li><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">seseng</i></span>, <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">pamaaw</i></span>, <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">chingkakawayan</i></span>, <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">liyano</i></span>, <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">de pelo</i></span>, <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">dima s'bato</i></span>, <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">pitu s'bato</i></span>, <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">de perlas</i></span>, <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">bumbolya</i></span>, <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">karakol</i></span>, <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">pinatapatan</i></span> – traditional earrings that come from the Spanish period</li> <li><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">angang</i></span> – jars</li> <li><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">dibang</i></span> – <a href="/wiki/Flying_fish" title="Flying fish">flying fish</a></li> <li><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">payi</i></span> – <a href="/wiki/Lobster" title="Lobster">lobster</a></li> <li><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">arayu</i></span> – <a href="/wiki/Dorado" title="Dorado">dorado</a></li> <li><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">mataw</i></span> – dorado fisherman</li> <li><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">tipuho</i></span> – <a href="/wiki/Breadfruit" title="Breadfruit">breadfruit</a></li> <li><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">uhango</i></span> – <a href="/wiki/Pandanus_amaryllifolius" title="Pandanus amaryllifolius">pandan</a></li> <li><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">tamidok</i></span> – fern</li> <li><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">chayi</i></span> – fruit similar to lychee <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pometia_Pinnata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pometia Pinnata (page does not exist)">Pometia Pinnata</a></li> <li><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">soot</i></span> – generic term referring to the <a href="/wiki/Ivatan_people" title="Ivatan people">Ivatan</a> rain cape made from the finely stripped leaves of the <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">vuyavuy</i></span> palm.</li> <li><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">vakul</i></span> – woman's <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">soot</i></span>, worn on the head.</li> <li><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">kanayi</i></span> – man's <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">soot</i></span>, worn on the shoulders.</li> <li><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">falowa</i></span> – Ivatan boat, now usually motorized, for 10–20 passengers.</li> <li><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">tataya</i></span> – Ivatan <a href="/wiki/Dory_(boat)" title="Dory (boat)">dory</a> with twin oars, for 2–4 passengers.</li> <li><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">timban</i></span> – church</li> <li><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">vanuwa</i></span> – port</li> <li><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">avayat</i></span> – a broad directional term used to indicate the west, a western direction or the western side.</li> <li><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">valugan</i></span> – a broad directional term sued to indicate the east, an eastern direction or the eastern side.</li> <li><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">palek</i></span> – <a href="/wiki/Sugar_cane" class="mw-redirect" title="Sugar cane">sugar cane</a> wine</li> <li><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">malisto</i></span> – fast</li> <li><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">mawadi</i></span> – slow</li> <li><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">mavid</i></span> – beautiful</li> <li><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">kuman</i></span> – eat</li> <li><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">minem</i></span> – drink</li> <li><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">bapor</i></span>, <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">tataya</i></span> – boat</li> <li><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">taw</i></span> – sea</li> <li><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">ranum</i></span> – water</li> <li><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">salawsaw</i></span> – wind</li> <li><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">kayvan</i></span> – friend</li> <li><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">mahakay</i></span> – man</li> <li><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">mavakes</i></span> – woman</li> <li><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">masalawsaw</i></span> – windy</li> <li><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">makuhat</i></span> – hot</li> <li><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">matimuy/machimuy</i></span> – raindrops</li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Phrases">Phrases</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivatan_language&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Phrases"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li>Hello – <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Kapian capa nu dios</i></span></li> <li>How are you? – <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Ara ca mangu?</i></span></li> <li>I am fine – <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Taytu aco a mapia</i></span></li> <li>I am not fine – <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Ara coava mapia</i></span></li> <li>Thank you – <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Dios mamajes</i></span></li> <li>Where are you going? – <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Ngayan mo?</i></span></li> <li>I am going to... – <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Mangay aco du...</i></span></li> <li>Where is ___? – <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Ara dino si ___?</i></span></li> <li>Straight ahead – <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Direcho</i></span></li> <li>How much? – <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Manyi Pira?</i></span></li> <li>How many? – <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Pira?</i></span></li> <li>Good – <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Mapia</i></span></li> <li>No good – <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Mapia/Mavid ava</i></span></li> <li>Yes – <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Oon</i></span></li> <li>I want ___ – <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Makey ako no ___</i></span></li> <li>I don't want – <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Makey aco ava</i></span></li> <li>I have a problem – <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Mian problema ko</i></span></li> <li>No problem – <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Arava o problema</i></span></li> <li>Good luck – <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Mapia palak</i></span></li> <li>What's your name? – <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Angu ngaran mo?</i></span></li> <li>Where is the house of ___? – <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Jino vahay da ___?</i></span></li> <li>There – <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">du nguya</i></span>, <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">du daw</i></span>, <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">dawri</i></span></li> <li>Here – <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">diaya</i></span></li> <li>Hungry – <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">mapteng</i></span></li> <li>Thirsty – <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">ma-waw</i></span></li> <li>Tired – <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">mavanah</i></span>, <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">chinagagan</i></span> (south), <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">navanax</i></span></li> <li>Happy – <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">masuyot</i></span>, <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">masaray</i></span></li> <li>Whistling – <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">mamito</i></span>, <span title="Ibatan-language text"><i lang="ivb">mihiñoxay</i></span> (Itbayat)</li> <li>Soft – <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">mahma</i></span>, <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">maxma</i></span> & <span title="Ibatan-language text"><i lang="ivb">mayuxma</i></span> (Itbayat)</li> <li>Sea – <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">taw</i></span>, <span title="Ibatan-language text"><i lang="ivb">hawa</i></span> (Itbayat)</li> <li>Bird – <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">manumanok</i></span>, <span title="Ibatan-language text"><i lang="ivb">kangkang</i></span> (Itbayat)</li> <li>Perpendicular – <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">maybatbat</i></span>, <span title="Ibatan-language text"><i lang="ivb">mipatinu-nong</i></span> (Itbayat)</li> <li>Mud – <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">hetek</i></span>, <span title="Ibatan-language text"><i lang="ivb">xetek</i></span> (Itbayat)</li> <li>Yesterday – <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">kakuyab</i></span></li> <li>Afternoon – <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">makuyab</i></span></li> <li>When are we going? – <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Antin mangu ta mangay?</i></span></li> <li>When are you going to cut your hair? – <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Antin mangu ka mapagugud?</i></span></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ivatan_words">Ivatan words</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivatan_language&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Ivatan words"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etymology">Etymology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivatan_language&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Coined words</b> are two words combined to form one new word. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Sentence </th> <th>Coined word </th> <th>Meaning </th> <th>Usage </th></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Mirwa <b>ta</b> <b>anchi</b>ya<b>w</b></i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Tanchew</i></span> </td> <td>We'll meet again later. </td> <td>Street language </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Jinu <b>nga</b>ya<b>n</b> <b>mu</b></i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Nganmu</i></span> </td> <td>Where are you going? </td> <td>Street language </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Similarities_with_other_Philippine_languages">Similarities with other Philippine languages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivatan_language&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Similarities with other Philippine languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>  </th> <th>Person </th> <th>House </th> <th>Dog </th> <th>Coconut </th> <th>Day </th> <th>New </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Ivatan</b> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Tawu</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Vahay</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Chitu</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Niyuy</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Araw</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Va-yu</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Tagalog_language" title="Tagalog language">Tagalog</a></b> </td> <td><span title="Tagalog-language text"><i lang="tl">Tao</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Tagalog-language text"><i lang="tl">Bahay</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Tagalog-language text"><i lang="tl">Aso</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Tagalog-language text"><i lang="tl">Niyog</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Tagalog-language text"><i lang="tl">Araw</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Tagalog-language text"><i lang="tl">Bago</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Bikol_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bikol language">Bikol</a></b> </td> <td><span title="Bikol-language text"><i lang="bik">Tawo</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Bikol-language text"><i lang="bik">Harong</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Bikol-language text"><i lang="bik">Ayam</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Bikol-language text"><i lang="bik">Niyog</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Bikol-language text"><i lang="bik">Aldaw</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Bikol-language text"><i lang="bik">Ba-go</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Cebuano_language" title="Cebuano language">Cebuano</a></b> </td> <td><span title="Cebuano-language text"><i lang="ceb">Tawo</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Cebuano-language text"><i lang="ceb">Balay</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Cebuano-language text"><i lang="ceb">Iro</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Cebuano-language text"><i lang="ceb">Lubi</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Cebuano-language text"><i lang="ceb">Adlaw</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Cebuano-language text"><i lang="ceb">Bag-o</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Tausug_language" title="Tausug language">Tausug</a></b> </td> <td><span title="Tausug-language text"><i lang="tsg">Tau</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Tausug-language text"><i lang="tsg">Bay</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Tausug-language text"><i lang="tsg">Iru'</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Tausug-language text"><i lang="tsg">Niyug</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Tausug-language text"><i lang="tsg">Adlaw</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Tausug-language text"><i lang="tsg">Ba-gu</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Kinaray-a_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kinaray-a language">Kinaray-a</a></b> </td> <td><span title="Kinaray-a-language text"><i lang="krj">Taho</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Kinaray-a-language text"><i lang="krj">Balay</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Kinaray-a-language text"><i lang="krj">Ayam</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Kinaray-a-language text"><i lang="krj">Niyog</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Kinaray-a-language text"><i lang="krj">Adlaw</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Kinaray-a-language text"><i lang="krj">Bag-o</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Kapampangan_language" title="Kapampangan language">Kapampangan</a></b> </td> <td><span title="Kapampangan-language text"><i lang="pam">Tau</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Kapampangan-language text"><i lang="pam">Bale</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Kapampangan-language text"><i lang="pam">Asu</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Kapampangan-language text"><i lang="pam">Ngungut</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Kapampangan-language text"><i lang="pam">Aldo</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Kapampangan-language text"><i lang="pam">Bayu</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Pangasinan_language" title="Pangasinan language">Pangasinan</a></b> </td> <td><span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">Too</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">Abong</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">Aso</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">Niyog</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">Agew</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Pangasinan-language text"><i lang="pag">Balo</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Ilocano_language" title="Ilocano language">Ilocano</a></b> </td> <td><span title="Ilocano-language text"><i lang="ilo">Tao</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ilocano-language text"><i lang="ilo">Balay</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ilocano-language text"><i lang="ilo">Aso</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ilocano-language text"><i lang="ilo">Niog</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ilocano-language text"><i lang="ilo">Aldaw</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ilocano-language text"><i lang="ilo">Baro</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Gaddang_language" title="Gaddang language">Gaddang</a></b> </td> <td><span title="Gaddang-language text"><i lang="gad">Tolay</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Gaddang-language text"><i lang="gad">Balay</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Gaddang-language text"><i lang="gad">Atu</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Gaddang-language text"><i lang="gad">Ayog</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Gaddang-language text"><i lang="gad">Aw</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Gaddang-language text"><i lang="gad">Bawu</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Tboli_language" title="Tboli language">Tboli</a></b> </td> <td><span title="Tboli-language text"><i lang="tbl">Tau</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Tboli-language text"><i lang="tbl">Gunu</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Tboli-language text"><i lang="tbl">Ohu</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Tboli-language text"><i lang="tbl">Lefo</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Tboli-language text"><i lang="tbl">Kdaw</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Tboli-language text"><i lang="tbl">Lomi</i></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Similarities_with_the_Tao_language">Similarities with the Tao language</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivatan_language&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Similarities with the Tao language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>  </th> <th>Day </th> <th>Home </th> <th>Friend </th> <th>Eat </th> <th>Drink </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Ivatan</b> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Araw</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Vahay</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Cayvan</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Kuman</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Minom</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Yami_language" title="Yami language">Yami</a></b> <big>雅美/達悟</big> </td> <td><span title="Yami-language romanization"><i lang="tao-Latn">Araw</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Yami-language romanization"><i lang="tao-Latn">Vahay</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Yami-language romanization"><i lang="tao-Latn">Kagagan</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Yami-language romanization"><i lang="tao-Latn">Kuman</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Yami-language romanization"><i lang="tao-Latn">Minum</i></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Accommodation">Accommodation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivatan_language&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Accommodation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th>Room </th> <th>Mail </th> <th>Water </th> <th>Time </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Ivasayen</b> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Cuarto</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Tulas</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Danum</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Oras</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Itbayaten</b> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Cuarto</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Turas</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Ranum</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Oras</i></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Approval_and_disapproval">Approval and disapproval</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivatan_language&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Approval and disapproval"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th>Good </th> <th>Of course </th> <th>Ok </th> <th>Pretty </th> <th>Yes </th> <th>No </th> <th>Nothing </th> <th>Perhaps </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Ivasayen</b> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Mapia</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Siyempre</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Okay</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Mavid</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Oon</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Omba</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Arava</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Siguro</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Itbayaten</b> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Map'pia</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Siyempre</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Okay</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Mavij</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Uwen</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Engga</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Aralih</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Siguro</i></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colors">Colors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivatan_language&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Colors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th>Black </th> <th>Blue </th> <th>Brown </th> <th>Dark </th> <th>Gray </th> <th>Green </th> <th>Light </th> <th>Red </th> <th>White </th> <th>Yellow </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Ivasayen</b> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Mavajeng</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Maanil</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Chocolati</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Masari</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Mavuavo</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Berde</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Marial</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Mavaya</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Maydac</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Mañujama</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Itbayaten</b> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Mavaweng</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">A'sul</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Chocolati</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Masarih</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Mavu-avo</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Birdi</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Marengang</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Mavayah</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Mahilak</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Mayuxama</i></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Days_of_the_week">Days of the week</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivatan_language&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Days of the week"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th>Sunday </th> <th>Monday </th> <th>Tuesday </th> <th>Wednesday </th> <th>Thursday </th> <th>Friday </th> <th>Saturday </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Ivasayen</b> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Domingo</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Lunis</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Martis</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Miyirkolis</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Juibis</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Biyernis</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Sabado</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Itbayaten</b> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Lumingu</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Lunis</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Martis</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Mirkulis</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Juybis</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Birnis</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Sabalu</i></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Direction">Direction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivatan_language&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Direction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th>Left </th> <th>Right </th> <th>Straight ahead </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Ivasayen</b> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Huli</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Wanan</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Diricho</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Itbayaten</b> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Guri</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Wanan</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Diricho</i></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cardinal_numbers">Cardinal numbers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivatan_language&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Cardinal numbers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th>Zero </th> <th>One </th> <th>Two </th> <th>Three </th> <th>Four </th> <th>Five </th> <th>Six </th> <th>Seven </th> <th>Eight </th> <th>Nine </th> <th>Ten </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Ivayasen</b> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Siro</i></span>, <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">abu</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Asa</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Dadua</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Tatdu</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Apat</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Dadima</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Anem</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Papito</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Wawajo</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Sasyam</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Sapujo</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Itbayaten</b> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Siro</i></span>, <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">a'bu</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">A'sa</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Daduha</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Atlu</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">A'pat</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Lalima</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">A'nem</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Pito</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Waxo</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Sasyam</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Sapuxu</i></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Writing_system">Writing system</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivatan_language&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Writing system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ivatan is written using the Latin alphabet. As Ivatan is primarily a spoken language and seldom used in written form, there is currently no consistent way of writing the language and different conventions may be used by different writers. An orthography devised for use in public schools by the Department of Education uses the full 26-letter Latin alphabet, with three extra letters, <i>ch</i>, <i>ñ</i>, and <i>ng</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-georgann_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-georgann-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Schwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Schwa">schwa</a> sound, or uh, is normally represented by the letter <i>e</i> as in <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">Dios Mamajes</i></span>, 'di-yos-ma-ma-huhs', and <span title="Ivatan-language text"><i lang="ivv">palek</i></span> 'pa-luhk'.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivatan_language&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 32em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-e18-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-e18_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/18/language/ivv/">Ivatan</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i> (18th ed., 2015) <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription required)</span><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/18/language/ivb/">Ibatan (Babuyan)</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i> (18th ed., 2015) <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription required)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ross-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ross_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ross_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRoss2005" class="citation journal cs1">Ross, Malcolm (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120322042836/http://chl.anu.edu.au/linguistics/projects/mdr/Batanic.pdf">"The Batanic Languages in Relation to the Early History of the Malayo-Polynesian Subgroup of Austronesian"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal of Austronesian Studies</i>. <b>1</b> (2). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mocfile.moc.gov.tw/files/201807/1.001-024.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 22 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Austronesian+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Batanic+Languages+in+Relation+to+the+Early+History+of+the+Malayo-Polynesian+Subgroup+of+Austronesian&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=2&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Ross&rft.aufirst=Malcolm&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmocfile.moc.gov.tw%2Ffiles%2F201807%2F1.001-024.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvatan+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAringay2023" class="citation web cs1">Aringay, Marbeth (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/372483339">"Islandness in the Province: The Language of a Migrated Ivatan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.13140%2FRG.2.2.11798.32320">10.13140/RG.2.2.11798.32320</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Islandness+in+the+Province%3A+The+Language+of+a+Migrated+Ivatan&rft.date=2023&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.13140%2FRG.2.2.11798.32320&rft.aulast=Aringay&rft.aufirst=Marbeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F372483339&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvatan+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yodisphere.com/2022/09/Ivatan-Batanes-History-Culture-Traditions.html">"Ivatan People of the Philippines: History, Customs, Culture and Traditions [Batanes Islands]"</a>. <i>yodisphere.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=yodisphere.com&rft.atitle=Ivatan+People+of+the+Philippines%3A+History%2C+Customs%2C+Culture+and+Traditions+%5BBatanes+Islands%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yodisphere.com%2F2022%2F09%2FIvatan-Batanes-History-Culture-Traditions.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvatan+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHooker1972" class="citation journal cs1">Hooker, Betty (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.asj.upd.edu.ph/mediabox/archive/ASJ-10-01-1972/hooker%20cohesion%20in%20ivatan.pdf">"Cohesion in Ivatan"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Asian Studies</i>. <b>10</b> (1): 33–43<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Asian+Studies&rft.atitle=Cohesion+in+Ivatan&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=33-43&rft.date=1972&rft.aulast=Hooker&rft.aufirst=Betty&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.asj.upd.edu.ph%2Fmediabox%2Farchive%2FASJ-10-01-1972%2Fhooker%2520cohesion%2520in%2520ivatan.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvatan+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iloko.tripod.com/Ivatan.htm">"Ivatan Language of the Batanes Islands"</a>. <i>iloko.tripod.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=iloko.tripod.com&rft.atitle=Ivatan+Language+of+the+Batanes+Islands&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Filoko.tripod.com%2FIvatan.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvatan+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCottle1958" class="citation book cs1">Cottle, Morris (1958). <i>The significant sounds of Ivatan</i>. University of Sydney.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+significant+sounds+of+Ivatan&rft.pub=University+of+Sydney&rft.date=1958&rft.aulast=Cottle&rft.aufirst=Morris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvatan+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReid1966" class="citation book cs1">Reid, Lawrence Andrew (1966). <i>An Ivatan Syntax</i>. Oceanic Linguistics Special Publications. University of Hawai'i Press. pp. 1–160. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20019114">20019114</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Ivatan+Syntax&rft.series=Oceanic+Linguistics+Special+Publications&rft.pages=1-160&rft.pub=University+of+Hawai%27i+Press&rft.date=1966&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20019114%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Reid&rft.aufirst=Lawrence+Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvatan+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-georgann-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-georgann_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGabilo-Cariaso2015" class="citation book cs1">Gabilo-Cariaso, Georgann (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edoc.pub/final-ivatan-ortho-ver-dec-2015-pdf-free.html"><i>Ortograpiya Ivatan</i></a>. SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANES<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ortograpiya+Ivatan&rft.pub=SCHOOLS+DIVISION+OF+BATANES&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Gabilo-Cariaso&rft.aufirst=Georgann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedoc.pub%2Ffinal-ivatan-ortho-ver-dec-2015-pdf-free.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvatan+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivatan_language&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Philippines" title="Portal:Philippines">Philippines portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Globe_of_letters.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Globe_of_letters.svg/28px-Globe_of_letters.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Globe_of_letters.svg/42px-Globe_of_letters.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Globe_of_letters.svg/56px-Globe_of_letters.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Language" title="Portal:Language">Language portal</a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a phrasebook for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Ivatan_phrasebook#Q3547080" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Ivatan phrasebook">Ivatan</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED402781.pdf">Ivatan Language Packet</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050514033320/http://www.ncca.gov.ph/culture%26arts/cularts/ccta/northern/northern-batanes.htm">The Ivatan</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120722084104/http://asian-lp.uga.edu/jpn_html/yami/chpt.1.html">Affiliation with the Yami of Taiwan</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bansa.org/?q=dictionaries/cmd&dict_lang=Ivatan">Bansa.org Ivatan Dictionary</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181215172411/http://www.bansa.org/?q=dictionaries%2Fcmd&dict_lang=Ivatan">Archived</a> 15 December 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070930201256/http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org/translation/Ivatan/">Ivatan-English Dictionary</a> from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120223164907/http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org/">Webster's Dictionary</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071212194455/http://www.batanesonline.com/LiteraryArts/IvatanLanguage.htm">IVATAN LANGUAGE: AN ANALYSIS – BatanesOnline.com</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://iloko.tripod.com/Ivatan.htm">Ivatan Language of the Batales Islands</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091027045326/http://uproar.fortunecity.com/sports/490/Batanes/kanta.htm">Batanes: Ivatan Songs composed and / or collected by Manuel Fajardo</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071227064910/http://www.uyuganbatanes.com/history.html">Uyugan, Batanes! On the Web! Batanes</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Philippine_languages" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Philippine_languages" title="Template:Philippine languages"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Philippine_languages" title="Template talk:Philippine languages"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Philippine_languages" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Philippine languages"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Philippine_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Philippine_languages" title="Philippine languages">Philippine languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Batanic_languages" title="Batanic languages">Batanic (Bashiic)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Itbayat_language" title="Itbayat language">Itbayat</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ivatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yami_language" title="Yami language">Yami</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Mindanao_languages" title="South Mindanao languages">Bilic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blaan_language" title="Blaan language">Blaan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tboli_language" title="Tboli language">Tboli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teduray_language" title="Teduray language">Teduray</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Luzon_languages" title="Central Luzon languages">Central Luzon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hatang_Kayi_language" title="Hatang Kayi language">Hatang Kayi</a> (Remontado)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapampangan_language" title="Kapampangan language">Kapampangan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sambalic_languages" title="Sambalic languages">Sambalic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abellen_language" title="Abellen language">Abellen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambala_language" title="Ambala language">Ambala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolinao_language" title="Bolinao language">Bolinao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botolan_language" title="Botolan language">Botolan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antsi_language" title="Antsi language">Mag-antsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indi_language" title="Indi language">Mag-indi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marivele%C3%B1o_language" title="Mariveleño language">Mariveleño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambal_language" title="Sambal language">Sambal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Greater_Central_Philippine_languages" title="Greater Central Philippine languages">Greater Central<br />Philippine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Philippine_languages" title="Central Philippine languages">Central Philippine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bikol_languages" title="Bikol languages">Bikol</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albay_Bikol_language" title="Albay Bikol language">Albay Bikol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bikol" title="Central Bikol">Central Bikol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inagta_Partido_language" title="Inagta Partido language">Isarog Agta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Iraya_Agta_language" title="Mount Iraya Agta language">Mount Iraya Agta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Iriga_Agta_language" title="Mount Iriga Agta language">Mount Iriga Agta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandan_Bikol_language" title="Pandan Bikol language">Pandan Bikol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rinconada_Bikol_language" title="Rinconada Bikol language">Rinconada</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bisayan_languages" title="Bisayan languages">Bisayan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aklanon_language" title="Aklanon language">Aklanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bantoanon_language" title="Bantoanon language">Asi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bantayanon_language" title="Bantayanon language">Bantayanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baybay_language" title="Baybay language">Baybay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butuanon_language" title="Butuanon language">Butuanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caluyanon_language" title="Caluyanon language">Caluyanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capiznon_language" title="Capiznon language">Capiznon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cebuano_language" title="Cebuano language">Cebuano</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Boholano_dialect" title="Boholano dialect">Boholano</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Classical_Cebuano" title="Classical Cebuano">Old Cebuano †</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuyonon_language" title="Cuyonon language">Cuyonon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiligaynon_language" title="Hiligaynon language">Hiligaynon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabalian_language" title="Kabalian language">Kabalian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karay-a_language" title="Karay-a language">Karay-a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karolanos_language" title="Karolanos language">Karolanos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magahat_language" title="Magahat language">Magahat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masbate%C3%B1o_language" title="Masbateño language">Masbateño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Sorsogon_language" title="Northern Sorsogon language">Northern Sorsogon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onhan_language" title="Onhan language">Onhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porohanon_language" title="Porohanon language">Porohanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratagnon_language" title="Ratagnon language">Ratagnon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romblomanon_language" title="Romblomanon language">Romblomanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Sorsogon_language" title="Southern Sorsogon language">Southern Sorsogon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulod_language" title="Sulod language">Sulod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surigaonon_language" title="Surigaonon language">Surigaonon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tausug_language" title="Tausug language">Tausug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waray_language" title="Waray language">Waray</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mansakan_languages" title="Mansakan languages">Mansakan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Davaoe%C3%B1o_language" title="Davaoeño language">Davawenyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalagan_language" title="Kalagan language">Kalagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamayo_language" title="Kamayo language">Kamayo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamanwa_language" title="Mamanwa language">Mamanwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaya_language" title="Mandaya language">Mandaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansaka_language" title="Mansaka language">Mansaka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tagalogic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kasiguranin" title="Kasiguranin">Kasiguranin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagalog_language" title="Tagalog language">Tagalog</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Old_Tagalog" title="Old Tagalog">Old Tagalog</a> †</small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Batangas_Tagalog" title="Batangas Tagalog">Batangueño</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Filipino_language" title="Filipino language">Filipino</a></small></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">(unclassified)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ata_language_(Negros)" title="Ata language (Negros)">Ata</a> †</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Danao_languages" title="Danao languages">Danao</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranun_language" title="Iranun language">Iranun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maguindanao_language" title="Maguindanao language">Maguindanao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maranao_language" title="Maranao language">Maranao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gorontalo%E2%80%93Mongondow_languages" title="Gorontalo–Mongondow languages">Gorontalo–Mongondow</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bintauna_language" title="Bintauna language">Bintauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolango_language" title="Bolango language">Bolango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buol_language" title="Buol language">Buol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorontalo_language" title="Gorontalo language">Gorontalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaidipang_language" title="Kaidipang language">Kaidipang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lolak_language" title="Lolak language">Lolak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongondow_language" title="Mongondow language">Mongondow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponosakan_language" title="Ponosakan language">Ponosakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suwawa_language" title="Suwawa language">Suwawa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Manobo_languages" title="Manobo languages">Manobo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agusan_language" title="Agusan language">Agusan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ata_Manobo_language" title="Ata Manobo language">Ata Manobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukid_language" title="Bukid language">Binukid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotabato_Manobo_language" title="Cotabato Manobo language">Cotabato Manobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higaonon_language" title="Higaonon language">Higaonon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilianen_language" title="Ilianen language">Ilianen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kagayanen_language" title="Kagayanen language">Kagayanen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamigin_language" title="Kamigin language">Kamigin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matigsalug_language" title="Matigsalug language">Matigsalug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obo_language" title="Obo language">Obo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarangani_language" title="Sarangani language">Sarangani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagabawa_language" title="Tagabawa language">Tagabawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Bukidnon_Manobo" title="Western Bukidnon Manobo">Western Bukidnon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Palawanic_languages" title="Palawanic languages">Palawanic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aborlan_Tagbanwa_language" title="Aborlan Tagbanwa language">Aborlan Tagbanwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batak_language_(Philippines)" title="Batak language (Philippines)">Batak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Tagbanwa_language" title="Central Tagbanwa language">Central Tagbanwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palawano_language" title="Palawano language">Palawano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taaw%CA%BCt_Bato_language" title="Taawʼt Bato language">Taawʼt Bato</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Mindoro_languages" title="Southern Mindoro languages">Southern Mindoro</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buhid_language" title="Buhid language">Buhid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanunoo_language" title="Hanunoo language">Hanunoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawbuid_language" title="Tawbuid language">Tawbuid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Subanen_languages" title="Subanen languages">Subanen</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Subanon_language" title="Western Subanon language">Western Subanon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kalamian_languages" title="Kalamian languages">Kalamian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agutaynen_language" title="Agutaynen language">Agutaynen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calamian_Tagbanwa_language" title="Calamian Tagbanwa language">Calamian Tagbanwa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minahasan_languages" title="Minahasan languages">Minahasan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tombulu_language" title="Tombulu language">Tombulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tondano_language" title="Tondano language">Tondano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonsawang_language" title="Tonsawang language">Tonsawang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonsea_language" title="Tonsea language">Tonsea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tontemboan_language" title="Tontemboan language">Tontemboan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Luzon_languages" title="Northern Luzon languages">Northern Luzon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arta_language" title="Arta language">Arta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicamay_Agta_language" title="Dicamay Agta language">Dicamay Agta</a> †</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilocano_language" title="Ilocano language">Ilocano</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cagayan_Valley_languages" title="Cagayan Valley languages">Cagayan Valley</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atta_language" title="Atta language">Atta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Cagayan_Agta_language" title="Central Cagayan Agta language">Cagayan Agta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ga%CA%BCdang_language" title="Gaʼdang language">Gaʼdang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaddang_language" title="Gaddang language">Gaddang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibanag_language" title="Ibanag language">Ibanag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isnag_language" title="Isnag language">Isnag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itawis_language" title="Itawis language">Itawis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogad_language" title="Yogad language">Yogad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Meso-Cordilleran_languages" title="Meso-Cordilleran languages">Meso-Cordilleran</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Alta_language" title="Northern Alta language">Northern Alta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Alta_language" title="Southern Alta language">Southern Alta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Cordilleran_languages" title="Central Cordilleran languages">Central Cordilleran</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balangao_language" title="Balangao language">Balangao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bontoc_language" title="Bontoc language">Bontoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ifugao_language" title="Ifugao language">Ifugao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isinai_language" title="Isinai language">Isinai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itneg_languages" title="Itneg languages">Itneg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalinga_language" title="Kalinga language">Kalinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kankanaey_language" title="Kankanaey language">Kankanaey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuwali_language" title="Tuwali language">Tuwali</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Cordilleran_languages" title="Southern Cordilleran languages">Southern Cordilleran</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bugkalot_language" title="Bugkalot language">Bugkalot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibaloi_language" title="Ibaloi language">Ibaloi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iwaak_language" title="Iwaak language">Iwaak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalanguya_language" title="Kalanguya language">Kalanguya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karao_language" title="Karao language">Karao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pangasinan_language" title="Pangasinan language">Pangasinan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mindoro_languages" title="Northern Mindoro languages">Northern Mindoro</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alangan_language" title="Alangan language">Alangan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraya_language" title="Iraya language">Iraya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tadyawan_language" title="Tadyawan language">Tadyawan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sangiric_languages" title="Sangiric languages">Sangiric</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bantik_language" title="Bantik language">Bantik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratahan_language" title="Ratahan language">Ratahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangir_language" title="Sangir language">Sangir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talaud_language" title="Talaud language">Talaud</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other branches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ati_language_(Philippines)" title="Ati language (Philippines)">Ati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klata_language" title="Klata language">Klata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umiray_Dumaget_language" title="Umiray Dumaget language">Umiray Dumaget</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manide–Alabat</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inagta_Alabat_language" title="Inagta Alabat language">Inagta Alabat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manide_language" title="Manide language">Manide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reconstructed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Proto-Philippine_language" title="Proto-Philippine language">Proto-Philippine</a> †</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>† indicates <a href="/wiki/Language_death" title="Language death">extinct status</a></li> <li>? indicates classification dispute</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Languages_of_the_Philippines" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_the_Philippines" title="Template:Languages of the Philippines"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Languages_of_the_Philippines" title="Template talk:Languages of the Philippines"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Languages_of_the_Philippines" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Languages of the Philippines"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Languages_of_the_Philippines" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Philippines" title="Languages of the Philippines">Languages of the Philippines</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Official languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_language" title="Filipino language">Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_English" title="Philippine English">English</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regional_languages_of_the_Philippines" title="List of regional languages of the Philippines">Regional languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bikol_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Bikol language">Bikol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cebuano_language" title="Cebuano language">Cebuano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chavacano" title="Chavacano">Chavacano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiligaynon_language" title="Hiligaynon language">Hiligaynon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibanag_language" title="Ibanag language">Ibanag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilocano_language" title="Ilocano language">Ilocano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapampangan_language" title="Kapampangan language">Kapampangan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karay-a_language" title="Karay-a language">Karay-a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maguindanao_language" title="Maguindanao language">Maguindanao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maranao_language" title="Maranao language">Maranao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pangasinan_language" title="Pangasinan language">Pangasinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagalog_language" title="Tagalog language">Tagalog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waray_language" title="Waray language">Waray</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indigenous languages<br />(by <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_the_Philippines" title="Regions of the Philippines">region</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bangsamoro" title="Bangsamoro">Bangsamoro</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranun_language" title="Iranun language">Iranun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pangutaran_Sama_language" title="Pangutaran Sama language">Pangutaran Sama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sama_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sama language">Sama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tausug_language" title="Tausug language">Tausug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakan_language" title="Yakan language">Yakan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bicol_Region" title="Bicol Region">Bicol Region</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albay_Bikol_language" title="Albay Bikol language">Albay Bikol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inagta_Partido_language" title="Inagta Partido language">Inagta Partido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manide_language" title="Manide language">Manide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masbate%C3%B1o_language" title="Masbateño language">Masbateño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Iraya_Agta_language" title="Mount Iraya Agta language">Mount Iraya Agta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Iriga_Agta_language" title="Mount Iriga Agta language">Mount Iriga Agta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Sorsogon_language" title="Northern Sorsogon language">Northern Sorsogon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandan_Bikol_language" title="Pandan Bikol language">Pandan Bikol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rinconada_Bikol_language" title="Rinconada Bikol language">Rinconada Bikol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Catanduanes_Bikol_language" title="Southern Catanduanes Bikol language">Southern Catanduanes Bikol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Sorsogon_language" title="Southern Sorsogon language">Southern Sorsogon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cagayan_Valley" title="Cagayan Valley">Cagayan Valley</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arta_language" title="Arta language">Arta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atta_language" title="Atta language">Atta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bugkalot_language" title="Bugkalot language">Bugkalot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Cagayan_Agta_language" title="Central Cagayan Agta language">Central Cagayan Agta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinapigue_Agta" title="Dinapigue Agta">Dinapigue Agta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dupaningan_Agta" title="Dupaningan Agta">Dupaningan Agta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaddang_language" title="Gaddang language">Gaddang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isinai_language" title="Isinai language">Isinai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itawis_language" title="Itawis language">Itawis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itbayat_language" title="Itbayat language">Itbayat</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ivatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalanguya_language" title="Kalanguya language">Kalanguya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karao_language" title="Karao language">Karao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaweg_language" title="Malaweg language">Malaweg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagtipunan_Agta" title="Nagtipunan Agta">Nagtipunan Agta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paranan_Agta_language" title="Paranan Agta language">Paranan Agta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paranan_language" title="Paranan language">Paranan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogad_language" title="Yogad language">Yogad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Calabarzon" title="Calabarzon">Calabarzon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inagta_Alabat_language" title="Inagta Alabat language">Inagta Alabat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manide_language" title="Manide language">Manide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatang_Kayi_language" title="Hatang Kayi language">Hatang Kayi</a> (Remontado)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Alta_language" title="Southern Alta language">Southern Alta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umiray_Dumaget_language" title="Umiray Dumaget language">Umiray Dumaget</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Caraga" title="Caraga">Caraga</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agusan_language" title="Agusan language">Agusan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ata_Manobo_language" title="Ata Manobo language">Ata Manobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butuanon_language" title="Butuanon language">Butuanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higaonon_language" title="Higaonon language">Higaonon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamayo_language" title="Kamayo language">Kamayo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamanwa_language" title="Mamanwa language">Mamanwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surigaonon_language" title="Surigaonon language">Surigaonon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Luzon" title="Central Luzon">Central Luzon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abellen_language" title="Abellen language">Abellen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambala_language" title="Ambala language">Ambala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antsi_language" title="Antsi language">Antsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botolan_language" title="Botolan language">Botolan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casiguran_Dumagat_Agta" title="Casiguran Dumagat Agta">Casiguran Dumagat Agta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indi_language" title="Indi language">Indi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasiguranin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kasiguranin language">Kasiguranin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marivele%C3%B1o_language" title="Mariveleño language">Mariveleño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Alta_language" title="Northern Alta language">Northern Alta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambal_language" title="Sambal language">Sambal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Alta_language" title="Southern Alta language">Southern Alta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umiray_Dumaget_language" title="Umiray Dumaget language">Umiray Dumaget</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Visayas" title="Central Visayas">Central Visayas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bantayanon_language" title="Bantayanon language">Bantayanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eskayan_language" title="Eskayan language">Eskayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karolanos_language" title="Karolanos language">Karolanos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magahat_language" title="Magahat language">Magahat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porohanon_language" title="Porohanon language">Porohanon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cordillera_Administrative_Region" title="Cordillera Administrative Region">Cordillera</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atta_language" title="Atta language">Atta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balangao_language" title="Balangao language">Balangao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bontoc_language" title="Bontoc language">Bontoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ga%27dang_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ga'dang language">Ga'dang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibaloi_language" title="Ibaloi language">Ibaloi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ifugao_language" title="Ifugao language">Ifugao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isnag_language" title="Isnag language">Isnag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itawis_language" title="Itawis language">Itawis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itneg_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Itneg language">Itneg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iwaak_language" title="Iwaak language">Iwaak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalanguya_language" title="Kalanguya language">Kalanguya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalinga_language" title="Kalinga language">Kalinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kankanaey_language" title="Kankanaey language">Kankanaey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaweg_language" title="Malaweg language">Malaweg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuwali_language" title="Tuwali language">Tuwali</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Davao_Region" title="Davao Region">Davao Region</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blaan_language" title="Blaan language">Blaan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davaoe%C3%B1o_language" title="Davaoeño language">Davaoeño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalagan_language" title="Kalagan language">Kalagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klata_language" title="Klata language">Klata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaya_language" title="Mandaya language">Mandaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansaka_language" title="Mansaka language">Mansaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obo_language" title="Obo language">Obo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangirese_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sangirese language">Sangirese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarangani_language" title="Sarangani language">Sarangani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagabawa_language" title="Tagabawa language">Tagabawa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Visayas" title="Eastern Visayas">Eastern Visayas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abaknon_language" title="Abaknon language">Abaknon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baybay_language" title="Baybay language">Baybay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabalian_language" title="Kabalian language">Kabalian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ilocos_Region" title="Ilocos Region">Ilocos Region</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bolinao_language" title="Bolinao language">Bolinao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Metro_Manila" title="Metro Manila">Metro Manila</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taglish" title="Taglish">Taglish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mimaropa" title="Mimaropa">Mimaropa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agutaynen_language" title="Agutaynen language">Agutaynen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alangan_language" title="Alangan language">Alangan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bantoanon_language" title="Bantoanon language">Asi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batak_language_(Philippines)" title="Batak language (Philippines)">Batak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buhid_language" title="Buhid language">Buhid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calamian_Tagbanwa_language" title="Calamian Tagbanwa language">Calamian Tagbanwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Tagbanwa_language" title="Central Tagbanwa language">Central Tagbanwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuyonon_language" title="Cuyonon language">Cuyonon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanunoo_language" title="Hanunoo language">Hanunoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraya_language" title="Iraya language">Iraya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kagayanen_language" title="Kagayanen language">Kagayanen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molbog_language" title="Molbog language">Molbog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onhan_language" title="Onhan language">Onhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palawano_language" title="Palawano language">Palawano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratagnon_language" title="Ratagnon language">Ratagnon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romblomanon_language" title="Romblomanon language">Romblomanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tadyawan_language" title="Tadyawan language">Tadyawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawbuid_language" title="Tawbuid language">Tawbuid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mindanao" title="Northern Mindanao">Northern Mindanao</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bukid_language" title="Bukid language">Bukid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higaonon_language" title="Higaonon language">Higaonon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilianen_language" title="Ilianen language">Ilianen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranun_language" title="Iranun language">Iranun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamigin_language" title="Kamigin language">Kamigin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matigsalug_language" title="Matigsalug language">Matigsalug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subanen_languages" title="Subanen languages">Subanen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Bukidnon_Manobo" title="Western Bukidnon Manobo">Western Bukidnon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Soccsksargen" title="Soccsksargen">Soccsksargen</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blaan_language" title="Blaan language">Blaan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotabato_Manobo_language" title="Cotabato Manobo language">Cotabato Manobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilianen_language" title="Ilianen language">Ilianen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranun_language" title="Iranun language">Iranun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obo_language" title="Obo language">Obo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tboli_language" title="Tboli language">Tboli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiruray_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiruray language">Tiruray</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Visayas" title="Western Visayas">Western Visayas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aklanon_language" title="Aklanon language">Aklanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ata_language_(Negros)" title="Ata language (Negros)">Ata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ati_language_(Philippines)" title="Ati language (Philippines)">Ati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caluyanon_language" title="Caluyanon language">Caluyanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capiznon_language" title="Capiznon language">Capiznon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulod_language" title="Sulod language">Sulod</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zamboanga_Peninsula" title="Zamboanga Peninsula">Zamboanga Peninsula</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Subanen_languages" title="Subanen languages">Subanen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Immigrant languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_language" title="Basque language">Basque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Hokkien" title="Philippine Hokkien">Hokkien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese_in_the_Philippines" title="Mandarin Chinese in the Philippines">Mandarin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malay_language_in_the_Philippines" title="Malay language in the Philippines">Malay</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian language">Malaysian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_language" title="Sindhi language">Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Spanish" title="Philippine Spanish">Spanish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language_in_the_Philippines" title="Spanish language in the Philippines">status</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sign languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_Sign_Language" title="Filipino Sign Language">Filipino Sign Language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Philippine_language" title="Proto-Philippine language">Proto-Philippine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Tagalog" title="Old Tagalog">Old Tagalog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Cebuano" title="Classical Cebuano">Old Cebuano</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ivatan_language&oldid=1256649182">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ivatan_language&oldid=1256649182</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Batanic_languages" title="Category:Batanic languages">Batanic languages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Languages_of_Batanes" title="Category:Languages of Batanes">Languages of Batanes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Languages_of_Cagayan" title="Category:Languages of Cagayan">Languages of Cagayan</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_containing_links_to_subscription-only_content" title="Category:Pages containing links to subscription-only content">Pages containing links to subscription-only content</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Language_articles_citing_Ethnologue_18" title="Category:Language articles citing Ethnologue 18">Language articles citing Ethnologue 18</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_cleanup_from_June_2020" title="Category:Articles needing cleanup from June 2020">Articles needing cleanup from June 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_pages_needing_cleanup" title="Category:All pages needing cleanup">All pages needing cleanup</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cleanup_tagged_articles_with_a_reason_field_from_June_2020" title="Category:Cleanup tagged articles with a reason field from June 2020">Cleanup tagged articles with a reason field from June 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_pages_needing_cleanup_from_June_2020" title="Category:Wikipedia pages needing cleanup from June 2020">Wikipedia pages needing cleanup from June 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_October_2020" title="Category:Use dmy dates from October 2020">Use dmy dates from October 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Language_articles_with_old_Ethnologue_18_speaker_data" title="Category:Language articles with old Ethnologue 18 speaker data">Language articles with old Ethnologue 18 speaker data</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Ivatan-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Ivatan-language text">Articles containing Ivatan-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Filipino-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Filipino-language text">Articles containing Filipino-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_November_2022" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from November 2022">Articles with unsourced statements from November 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_clarification_from_November_2022" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing clarification from November 2022">Wikipedia articles needing clarification from November 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_plain_IPA" title="Category:Pages with plain IPA">Pages with plain IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_specifically_marked_weasel-worded_phrases" title="Category:All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases">All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_specifically_marked_weasel-worded_phrases_from_November_2022" title="Category:Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from November 2022">Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from November 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Ibatan-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Ibatan-language text">Articles containing Ibatan-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Tagalog-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Tagalog-language text">Articles containing Tagalog-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Bikol-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Bikol-language text">Articles containing Bikol-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Cebuano-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Cebuano-language text">Articles containing Cebuano-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Tausug-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Tausug-language text">Articles containing Tausug-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Kinaray-a-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Kinaray-a-language text">Articles containing Kinaray-a-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Kapampangan-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Kapampangan-language text">Articles containing Kapampangan-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Pangasinan-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Pangasinan-language text">Articles containing Pangasinan-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Ilocano-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Ilocano-language text">Articles containing Ilocano-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Gaddang-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Gaddang-language text">Articles containing Gaddang-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Tboli-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Tboli-language text">Articles containing Tboli-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_June_2020" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from June 2020">Articles with unsourced statements from June 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 10 November 2024, at 23:02<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ivatan_language&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-szrlp","wgBackendResponseTime":173,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.521","walltime":"1.745","ppvisitednodes":{"value":9571,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":365551,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":72230,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":22,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":12,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":52958,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1518.180 1 -total"," 36.58% 555.274 383 Template:Lang"," 13.31% 202.133 2 Template:Columns-list"," 11.08% 168.240 1 Template:Infobox_language"," 11.01% 167.181 1 Template:Reflist"," 9.39% 142.592 1 Template:Infobox"," 8.65% 131.386 9 Template:Navbox"," 7.49% 113.745 13 Template:Main_other"," 7.13% 108.172 1 Template:Philippine_languages"," 6.75% 102.479 1 Template:Cleanup"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.935","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":19440853,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-ext.codfw.main-7556f8b5dd-fg5gr","timestamp":"20241122141324","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Ivatan language","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ivatan_language","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q3547080","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q3547080","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-11-15T08:52:58Z","dateModified":"2024-11-10T23:02:52Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/2\/25\/The_Batanic_languages.png","headline":"Batanic language spoken on the Batanes Islands by the Ivatan people"}</script> </body> </html>