CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="cs" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Živočichové – Wikipedie</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )cswikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t."," \t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"ČSN basic dt","wgMonthNames":["","leden","únor","březen","duben","květen","červen","červenec","srpen","září","říjen","listopad","prosinec"],"wgRequestId":"ee7015fd-1bbb-49e3-b1ef-de229851d338","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Živočichové","wgTitle":"Živočichové","wgCurRevisionId":24426479,"wgRevisionId":24426479,"wgArticleId":11809,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Údržba:Články obsahující odkazy na nedostupné zdroje","Údržba:Články k částečné úpravě","Monitoring:Wikidruhy odpovídají Wikidatům","Údržba:Taxonbary bez parametru from","Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem NKC","Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem PSH","Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem BNF","Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem GND","Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem LCCN", "Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem NARA","Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem NDL","Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem NLI","Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem TDVİA","Monitoring:1000 nejdůležitějších článků/dlouhé","Živočichové","Zoologie","Opisthokonta"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"cs","wgPageContentLanguage":"cs","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Živočichové","wgRelevantArticleId":11809,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"cs","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"cs"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":40000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[], "wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q729","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":true,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"}; RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.gadget.OSMmapa","ext.gadget.direct-links-to-commons","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.courses","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=cs&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=cs&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=cs&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/14/Animal_diversity.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1756"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/14/Animal_diversity.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1171"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="936"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Živočichové – Wikipedie"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//cs.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDivo%C4%8Dichov%C3%A9"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Editovat" href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%BDivo%C4%8Dichov%C3%A9&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedie (cs)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//cs.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDivo%C4%8Dichov%C3%A9"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.cs"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Atom kanál Wikipedie." href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Posledn%C3%AD_zm%C4%9Bny&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Živočichové rootpage-Živočichové skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Přeskočit na obsah</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Projekt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Hlavní menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Hlavní menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Hlavní menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">přesunout do postranního panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">skrýt</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigace </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hlavn%C3%AD_strana" title="Navštívit Hlavní stranu [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Hlavní strana</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1pov%C4%9Bda:Obsah" title="Místo, kde najdete pomoc"><span>Nápověda</span></a></li><li id="n-helpdesk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedie:Pot%C5%99ebuji_pomoc" title="Pokud si nevíte rady, zeptejte se ostatních"><span>Potřebuji pomoc</span></a></li><li id="n-featuredcontent" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedie:Nejlep%C5%A1%C3%AD_%C4%8Dl%C3%A1nky" title="Přehled článků, které jsou považovány za nejlepší na české Wikipedii"><span>Nejlepší články</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:N%C3%A1hodn%C3%A1_str%C3%A1nka" title="Přejít na náhodně vybranou stránku [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Náhodný článek</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Posledn%C3%AD_zm%C4%9Bny" title="Seznam posledních změn na této wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Poslední změny</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedie:Port%C3%A1l_Wikipedie" title="O projektu, jak můžete pomoci, kde hledat"><span>Komunitní portál</span></a></li><li id="n-villagepump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedie:Pod_l%C3%ADpou" title="Hlavní diskusní fórum"><span>Pod lípou</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Hlavn%C3%AD_strana" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedie" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-cs.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.1875em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Wikipedie: Otevřená encyklopedie" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-cs.svg" width="118" height="13" style="width: 7.375em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Hled%C3%A1n%C3%AD" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Prohledat tuto wiki [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Hledání</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Hledat na Wikipedii" aria-label="Hledat na Wikipedii" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Prohledat tuto wiki [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Speciální:Hledání"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Hledat</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Osobní nástroje"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Vzhled"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Změnit vzhled velikosti písma, šířky stránky a barvy" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vzhled" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vzhled</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_cs.wikipedia.org&uselang=cs" class=""><span>Podpořte Wikipedii</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Vytvo%C5%99it_%C3%BA%C4%8Det&returnto=%C5%BDivo%C4%8Dichov%C3%A9" title="Doporučujeme vytvořit si účet a přihlásit se, ovšem není to povinné" class=""><span>Vytvoření účtu</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:P%C5%99ihl%C3%A1sit&returnto=%C5%BDivo%C4%8Dichov%C3%A9" title="Doporučujeme vám přihlásit se, ovšem není to povinné. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Přihlášení</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Další možnosti" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Osobní nástroje" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Osobní nástroje</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Uživatelské menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_cs.wikipedia.org&uselang=cs"><span>Podpořte Wikipedii</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Vytvo%C5%99it_%C3%BA%C4%8Det&returnto=%C5%BDivo%C4%8Dichov%C3%A9" title="Doporučujeme vytvořit si účet a přihlásit se, ovšem není to povinné"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Vytvoření účtu</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:P%C5%99ihl%C3%A1sit&returnto=%C5%BDivo%C4%8Dichov%C3%A9" title="Doporučujeme vám přihlásit se, ovšem není to povinné. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Přihlášení</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Stránky pro odhlášené editory <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1pov%C4%9Bda:%C3%9Avod" aria-label="Více informací o editování"><span>dozvědět se více</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Moje_p%C5%99%C3%ADsp%C4%9Bvky" title="Seznam editací provedených z této IP adresy [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Příspěvky</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Moje_diskuse" title="Diskuse o editacích provedených z této IP adresy [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskuse</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Projekt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Obsah" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Obsah</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">přesunout do postranního panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skrýt</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(úvod)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Popis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Popis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Popis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Popis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Systém_živočichů" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Systém_živočichů"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Systém živočichů</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Systém_živočichů-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Přepnout podsekci Systém živočichů</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Systém_živočichů-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-„Dvojlistí“" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#„Dvojlistí“"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>„Dvojlistí“</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-„Dvojlistí“-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Současné_představy_o_fylogenezi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Současné_představy_o_fylogenezi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Současné představy o fylogenezi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Současné_představy_o_fylogenezi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bilateria_/_trojlistí" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bilateria_/_trojlistí"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Bilateria / trojlistí</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bilateria_/_trojlistí-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Prvoústí_(Protostomia)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prvoústí_(Protostomia)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Prvoústí (Protostomia)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prvoústí_(Protostomia)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Druhoústí" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Druhoústí"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>Druhoústí</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Druhoústí-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Živočichové_a_člověk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Živočichové_a_člověk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Živočichové a člověk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Živočichové_a_člověk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Poznámky" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poznámky"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Poznámky</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poznámky-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reference" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reference"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Reference</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reference-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literatura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Literatura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Související_články" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Související_články"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Související články</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Související_články-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externí_odkazy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externí_odkazy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Externí odkazy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externí_odkazy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Obsah" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Přepnout obsah" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Přepnout obsah</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Živočichové</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Přejděte k článku v jiném jazyce. Je dostupný v 248 jazycích" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-248" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">248 jazyků</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meulatang" title="Meulatang – acehština" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Meulatang" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="acehština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="nejlepší článek"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dier" title="Dier – afrikánština" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Dier" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiere" title="Tiere – němčina (Švýcarsko)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Tiere" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="němčina (Švýcarsko)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A5%E1%8A%95%E1%88%B5%E1%88%B3" title="እንስሳ – amharština" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="እንስሳ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animalia" title="Animalia – aragonština" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Animalia" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deor" title="Deor – staroangličtina" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Deor" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="staroangličtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%81" title="पशु – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="पशु" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="حيوان – arabština" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حيوان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%9A%DC%9D%DC%98%DC%AC%DC%90" title="ܚܝܘܬܐ – aramejština" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܚܝܘܬܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="aramejština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="حيوان – arabština (marocká)" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="حيوان" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="arabština (marocká)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="حيوان – arabština (egyptská)" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="حيوان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabština (egyptská)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%80" title="প্ৰাণী – ásámština" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="প্ৰাণী" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="ásámština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animalia" title="Animalia – asturština" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Animalia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awesis" title="Awesis – atikamekština" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Awesis" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="atikamekština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%81" title="पशु – awadhština" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="पशु" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uywa" title="Uywa – ajmarština" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Uywa" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="ajmarština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heyvanlar" title="Heyvanlar – ázerbájdžánština" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Heyvanlar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="ázerbájdžánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="حئیوان – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="حئیوان" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Хайуандар – baškirština" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Хайуандар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baškirština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buron" title="Buron – balijština" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Buron" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balijština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viecha" title="Viecha – bavorština" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Viecha" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bavorština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C4%ABv%C4%93" title="Gīvē – žemaitština" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Gīvē" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="žemaitština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayop" title="Hayop – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Hayop" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%8B%D0%B2%D1%91%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Жывёлы – běloruština" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Жывёлы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="běloruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%8B%D0%B2%D1%91%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Жывёлы – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Жывёлы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A9wan" title="Héwan – batavština" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Héwan" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="batavština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Животни – bulharština" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Животни" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulharština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0" title="जानवर – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="जानवर" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animol" title="Animol – bislamština" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Animol" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="bislamština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagan" title="Bagan – bambarština" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Bagan" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="bambarština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%80" title="প্রাণী – bengálština" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্রাণী" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengálština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%86%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B" title="སྲོག་ཆགས་ – tibetština" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="སྲོག་ཆགས་" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loen" title="Loen – bretonština" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Loen" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDivotinje" title="Životinje – bosenština" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Životinje" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosenština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Амитан – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Амитан" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animals" title="Animals – katalánština" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Animals" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B4ng-%C5%ADk" title="Dông-ŭk – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Dông-ŭk" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Дийнаташ – čečenština" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Дийнаташ" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="čečenština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mananap" title="Mananap – cebuánština" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Mananap" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A6%E1%8F%82%E1%8F%9D%E1%8E%A2" title="ᎦᏂᏝᎢ – čerokézština" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎦᏂᏝᎢ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="čerokézština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hova" title="Hova – čejenština" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Hova" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="čejenština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%84%DB%95%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%B1" title="گیانلەبەر – kurdština (sorání)" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گیانلەبەر" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdština (sorání)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animale" title="Animale – korsičtina" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Animale" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korsičtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cr mw-list-item"><a href="https://cr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%90%B1%E1%93%AF%E1%90%A2%E1%91%AD%E1%90%A4" title="ᐱᓯᐢᑭᐤ – kríjština" lang="cr" hreflang="cr" data-title="ᐱᓯᐢᑭᐤ" data-language-autonym="Nēhiyawēwin / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ" data-language-local-name="kríjština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nēhiyawēwin / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%C4%95%D1%80%D1%87%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Чĕрчунсем – čuvaština" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Чĕрчунсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="čuvaština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anifail" title="Anifail – velština" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Anifail" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="velština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyr" title="Dyr – dánština" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Dyr" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tier" title="Tier – němčina" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tier" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="němčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heywan" title="Heywan – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Heywan" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80" title="प्राणी – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="प्राणी" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%85%E0%BD%93" title="སེམས་ཅན – dzongkä" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="སེམས་ཅན" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="dzongkä" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ཇོང་ཁ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A3" title="Lã – eweština" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Lã" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="eweština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%96%CF%8E%CE%BF" title="Ζώο – řečtina" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ζώο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="řečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobrý článek"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal" title="Animal – angličtina" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Animal" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angličtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobrý článek"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bestoj" title="Bestoj – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Bestoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animalia" title="Animalia – španělština" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Animalia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španělština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loomad" title="Loomad – estonština" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Loomad" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animalia" title="Animalia – baskičtina" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Animalia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskičtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animalia" title="Animalia – extremadurština" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Animalia" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="extremadurština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جانوران – perština" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جانوران" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/El%C3%A4imet" title="Eläimet – finština" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Eläimet" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/El%C3%A4j%C3%A4q" title="Eläjäq – võruština" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Eläjäq" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="võruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manumanu" title="Manumanu – fidžijština" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Manumanu" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fidžijština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BDr" title="Dýr – faerština" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Dýr" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="faerština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal" title="Animal – francouzština" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Animal" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francouzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9tye" title="Bétye – franko-provensálština" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Bétye" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="franko-provensálština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diarten" title="Diarten – fríština (severní)" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Diarten" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="fríština (severní)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dieren" title="Dieren – fríština (západní)" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Dieren" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="fríština (západní)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animalia" title="Animalia – irština" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Animalia" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A0%AD%E7%89%B2" title="頭牲 – čínština (dialekty Gan)" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="頭牲" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="čínština (dialekty Gan)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zannimo" title="Zannimo – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Zannimo" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beathach" title="Beathach – skotská gaelština" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Beathach" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="skotská gaelština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animais" title="Animais – galicijština" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Animais" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mymba" title="Mymba – guaranština" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Mymba" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaranština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B3%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8D%83" title="𐌳𐌹𐌿𐍃 – gótština" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌳𐌹𐌿𐍃" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="gótština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A3%E0%AB%80" title="પ્રાણી – gudžarátština" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="પ્રાણી" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gudžarátština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guc mw-list-item"><a href="https://guc.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCr%C3%BCtkana" title="Mürütkana – wayúuština" lang="guc" hreflang="guc" data-title="Mürütkana" data-language-autonym="Wayuunaiki" data-language-local-name="wayúuština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wayuunaiki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guw mw-list-item"><a href="https://guw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanlin" title="Kanlin – Gun" lang="guw" hreflang="guw" data-title="Kanlin" data-language-autonym="Gungbe" data-language-local-name="Gun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gungbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baagh" title="Baagh – manština" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Baagh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dabba" title="Dabba – hauština" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Dabba" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hauština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thung-vu%CC%8Dt" title="Thung-vu̍t – čínština (dialekty Hakka)" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Thung-vu̍t" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="čínština (dialekty Hakka)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%99_%D7%97%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D" title="בעלי חיים – hebrejština" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בעלי חיים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80" title="प्राणी – hindština" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="प्राणी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animalia" title="Animalia – hindština (Fidži)" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Animalia" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindština (Fidži)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDivotinje" title="Životinje – chorvatština" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Životinje" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="chorvatština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zannimo" title="Zannimo – haitština" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Zannimo" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81llatok" title="Állatok – maďarština" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Állatok" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maďarština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Կենդանիներ – arménština" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կենդանիներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal" title="Animal – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Animal" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jelu" title="Jelu – ibanština" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Jelu" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="ibanština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hewan" title="Hewan – indonéština" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hewan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonéština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal" title="Animal – interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Animal" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal" title="Animal – igboština" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Animal" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igboština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ni%C4%A1run" title="Niġrun – inupiakština" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Niġrun" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="inupiakština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayup" title="Ayup – ilokánština" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Ayup" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilokánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Дийнаташ – inguština" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Дийнаташ" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="inguština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animalo" title="Animalo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Animalo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BDr" title="Dýr – islandština" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Dýr" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animalia" title="Animalia – italština" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Animalia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%93%82%E1%95%90%E1%94%AA%E1%91%A6" title="ᓂᕐᔪᑦ – inuktitutština" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᓂᕐᔪᑦ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="inuktitutština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9" title="動物 – japonština" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="動物" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal" title="Animal – jamajská kreolština" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Animal" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="jamajská kreolština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/danlu" title="danlu – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="danlu" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sato_k%C3%A9wan" title="Sato kéwan – javánština" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Sato kéwan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AA%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ცხოველები – gruzínština" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ცხოველები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzínština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haywanlar" title="Haywanlar – karakalpačtina" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Haywanlar" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpačtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C9%A3ersiw" title="Aɣersiw – kabylština" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Aɣersiw" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabylština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kp%C9%A9n%C9%9B" title="Kpɩnɛ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Kpɩnɛ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyam" title="Nyam – tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Nyam" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kibulu" title="Kibulu – konžština" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Kibulu" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="konžština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Жануарлар – kazaština" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жануарлар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A3%E0%B2%BF" title="ಪ್ರಾಣಿ – kannadština" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪ್ರಾಣಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannadština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%99%EB%AC%BC" title="동물 – korejština" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="동물" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Пода – komi-permjačtina" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Пода" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="komi-permjačtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%8E%D8%B1" title="جانوَر – kašmírština" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="جانوَر" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kašmírština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dier" title="Dier – kolínština" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Dier" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="kolínština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heywan" title="Heywan – kurdština" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Heywan" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enyval" title="Enyval – kornština" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Enyval" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Жаныбар – kyrgyzština" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Жаныбар" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kyrgyzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animalia" title="Animalia – latina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Animalia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal" title="Animal – ladinština" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Animal" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladinština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9ierer%C3%A4ich" title="Déiereräich – lucemburština" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Déiereräich" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="lucemburština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D3%8F%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Хӏайван – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Хӏайван" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%8C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Гьайванар – lezginština" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Гьайванар" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezginština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal" title="Animal – lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Animal" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bieste" title="Bieste – limburština" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Bieste" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animalia" title="Animalia – ligurština" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Animalia" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligurština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tier" title="Tier – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Tier" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bestia" title="Bestia – lombardština" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Bestia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyama" title="Nyama – lingalština" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Nyama" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingalština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94" title="ສັດ – laoština" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ສັດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laoština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyv%C5%ABnai" title="Gyvūnai – litevština" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Gyvūnai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litevština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzeivin%C4%ABki" title="Dzeivinīki – latgalština" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Dzeivinīki" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="latgalština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dz%C4%ABvnieki" title="Dzīvnieki – lotyština" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Dzīvnieki" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lotyština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%81" title="पशु – maithiliština" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="पशु" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithiliština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kewan" title="Kewan – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Kewan" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biby" title="Biby – malgaština" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Biby" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BD%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Янлык – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Янлык" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binatang" title="Binatang – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Binatang" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Животни – makedonština" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Животни" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%81" title="ജന്തു – malajálamština" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജന്തു" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajálamština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Амьтан – mongolština" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Амьтан" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80" title="प्राणी – maráthština" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="प्राणी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="maráthština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binatang" title="Binatang – malajština" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Binatang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annimal" title="Annimal – maltština" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Annimal" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal" title="Animal – mirandština" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Animal" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%90%E1%80%B9%E1%80%90%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AB" title="သတ္တဝါ – barmština" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="သတ္တဝါ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="barmština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Ракшат – erzjanština" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Ракшат" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzjanština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86" title="حیوون – mázandaránština" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="حیوون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mázandaránština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animale" title="Animale – neapolština" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Animale" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="neapolština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deerter" title="Deerter – dolnoněmčina" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Deerter" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="dolnoněmčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dieren" title="Dieren – dolnosaština" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Dieren" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="dolnosaština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0" title="जनावर – nepálština" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="जनावर" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepálština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%81" title="पशु – névárština" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="पशु" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="névárština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dieren_(biologie)" title="Dieren (biologie) – nizozemština" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Dieren (biologie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyr" title="Dyr – norština (nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Dyr" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norština (nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyr" title="Dyr – norština (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Dyr" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norština (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animalia" title="Animalia – novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Animalia" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anim%C3%A2" title="Animâ – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Animâ" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naaldeehii" title="Naaldeehii – navažština" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Naaldeehii" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navažština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animalia" title="Animalia – okcitánština" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Animalia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okcitánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bineelda" title="Bineelda – oromština" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Bineelda" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A3%E0%AD%80" title="ପ୍ରାଣୀ – urijština" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ପ୍ରାଣୀ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="urijština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%C3%A6%D1%80%C3%A6%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%82%C3%A6" title="Цæрæгойтæ – osetština" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Цæрæгойтæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%82" title="ਜੰਤੂ – paňdžábština" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜੰਤੂ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="paňdžábština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal" title="Animal – papangau" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Animal" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="papangau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gedier" title="Gedier – němčina (pensylvánská)" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Gedier" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="němčina (pensylvánská)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zwierz%C4%99ta" title="Zwierzęta – polština" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zwierzęta" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animalia" title="Animalia – piemonština" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Animalia" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1" title="جانور – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جانور" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D9%88%D9%8A" title="ژوي – paštština" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ژوي" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paštština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animalia" title="Animalia – portugalština" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Animalia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uywa" title="Uywa – kečuánština" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Uywa" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kečuánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animals" title="Animals – rétorománština" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Animals" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="rétorománština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasho" title="Vasho – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Vasho" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regnul_Animalia" title="Regnul Animalia – rumunština" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Regnul Animalia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animalu" title="Animalu – arumunština" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Animalu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="arumunština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regnum_Animalia" title="Regnum Animalia – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Regnum Animalia" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5" title="Животные – ruština" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Животные" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8B%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Быдла – rusínština" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Быдла" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="rusínština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inyamaswa" title="Inyamaswa – kiňarwandština" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Inyamaswa" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="kiňarwandština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%83" title="जन्तवः – sanskrt" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="जन्तवः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Харамай – jakutština" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Харамай" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakutština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱡᱤᱣᱟᱹᱞᱤ – santálština" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱡᱤᱣᱟᱹᱞᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santálština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animalia" title="Animalia – sardština" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Animalia" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armali" title="Armali – sicilština" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Armali" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animals" title="Animals – skotština" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Animals" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="حيوان – sindhština" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="حيوان" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDivotinje" title="Životinje – srbochorvatština" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Životinje" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srbochorvatština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amudr" title="Amudr – tašelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Amudr" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="tašelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%81%BB%E1%80%9D%E1%82%83%E1%82%87" title="သတ်းၻဝႃႇ – šanština" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="သတ်းၻဝႃႇ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="šanština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%94" title="සත්තු – sinhálština" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="සත්තු" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhálština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal" title="Animal – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Animal" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDivo%C4%8D%C3%ADchy" title="Živočíchy – slovenština" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Živočíchy" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovenština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDivali" title="Živali – slovinština" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Živali" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovinština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elleekodde" title="Elleekodde – sámština (inarijská)" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Elleekodde" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="sámština (inarijská)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mhuka" title="Mhuka – šonština" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Mhuka" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="šonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xayawaan" title="Xayawaan – somálština" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Xayawaan" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somálština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafsh%C3%ABt" title="Kafshët – albánština" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kafshët" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Животиње – srbština" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Животиње" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srbština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meti" title="Meti – sranan tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Meti" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="sranan tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dierte" title="Dierte – fríština (saterlandská)" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Dierte" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="fríština (saterlandská)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sato" title="Sato – sundština" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Sato" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djur" title="Djur – švédština" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Djur" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švédština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mnyama" title="Mnyama – svahilština" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mnyama" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahilština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zwiyrzynta" title="Zwiyrzynta – slezština" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Zwiyrzynta" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="slezština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/aadupen" title="aadupen – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="aadupen" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81" title="விலங்கு – tamilština" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="விலங்கு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/qsinu" title="qsinu – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="qsinu" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%81" title="జంతువు – telugština" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="జంతువు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Ҷонварон – tádžičtina" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҷонварон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tádžičtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%8C" title="สัตว์ – thajština" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สัตว์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thajština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A5%E1%8A%95%E1%88%B5%E1%88%B3" title="እንስሳ – tigrinijština" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="እንስሳ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="tigrinijština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ha%C3%BDwanlar" title="Haýwanlar – turkmenština" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Haýwanlar" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmenština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayop" title="Hayop – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Hayop" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C9%99jvonon" title="Həjvonon – talyština" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Həjvonon" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="talyština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monumanu" title="Monumanu – tongánština" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Monumanu" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="tongánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abus" title="Abus – tok pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Abus" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="tok pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayvan" title="Hayvan – turečtina" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hayvan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swiharhi" title="Swiharhi – tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Swiharhi" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Хайваннар – tatarština" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Хайваннар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinyama" title="Vinyama – tumbukština" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Vinyama" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="tumbukština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mmoa" title="Mmoa – twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Mmoa" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%D8%A7%D9%8A%DB%8B%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="ھايۋانات – ujgurština" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ھايۋانات" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ujgurština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Тварини – ukrajinština" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тварини" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="حیوانات – urdština" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="حیوانات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayvonlar" title="Hayvonlar – uzbečtina" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Hayvonlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ve mw-list-item"><a href="https://ve.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phukha" title="Phukha – venda" lang="ve" hreflang="ve" data-title="Phukha" data-language-autonym="Tshivenda" data-language-local-name="venda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tshivenda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDivatad" title="Živatad – vepština" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Živatad" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%99ng_v%E1%BA%ADt" title="Động vật – vietnamština" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Động vật" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%AAesten_(ryk)" title="Bêesten (ryk) – vlámština (západní)" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Bêesten (ryk)" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="vlámština (západní)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nim" title="Nim – volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Nim" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biesse" title="Biesse – valonština" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Biesse" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayop" title="Hayop – warajština" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Hayop" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="warajština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rab" title="Rab – wolofština" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Rab" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="wolofština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9" title="動物 – čínština (dialekty Wu)" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="動物" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="čínština (dialekty Wu)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isilwanyana" title="Isilwanyana – xhoština" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Isilwanyana" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="xhoština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A9%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="ჩხოლარეფი – mingrelština" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჩხოლარეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%99_%D7%97%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D" title="בעלי חיים – jidiš" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="בעלי חיים" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidiš" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%BA%B8ranko" title="Ẹranko – jorubština" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ẹranko" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="jorubština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doenghduz" title="Doenghduz – čuangština" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Doenghduz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="čuangština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Be%C3%AAsten" title="Beêsten – zélandština" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Beêsten" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="zélandština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8E%E2%B5%93%E2%B4%B7%E2%B5%94" title="ⴰⵎⵓⴷⵔ – tamazight (standardní marocký)" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴰⵎⵓⴷⵔ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="tamazight (standardní marocký)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobrý článek"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9" title="动物 – čínština" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="动物" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="čínština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9" title="動物 – čínština (klasická)" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="動物" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="čínština (klasická)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%8Dng-bu%CC%8Dt" title="Tōng-bu̍t – čínština (dialekty Minnan)" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tōng-bu̍t" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="čínština (dialekty Minnan)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9" title="動物 – kantonština" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="動物" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izilwane" title="Izilwane – zuluština" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Izilwane" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zuluština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q729#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editovat mezijazykové odkazy" class="wbc-editpage">Upravit odkazy</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Jmenné prostory"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C5%BDivo%C4%8Dichov%C3%A9" title="Zobrazit obsahovou stránku [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Článek</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskuse:%C5%BDivo%C4%8Dichov%C3%A9" rel="discussion" title="Diskuse ke stránce [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskuse</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Změnit variantu jazyka" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">čeština</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Zobrazení"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C5%BDivo%C4%8Dichov%C3%A9"><span>Číst</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%BDivo%C4%8Dichov%C3%A9&veaction=edit" title="Editovat tuto stránku [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editovat</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%BDivo%C4%8Dichov%C3%A9&action=edit" title="Editovat zdrojový kód této stránky [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editovat zdroj</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%BDivo%C4%8Dichov%C3%A9&action=history" title="Starší verze této stránky. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Zobrazit historii</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Nástroje ke stránce"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Nástroje" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Nástroje</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Nástroje</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">přesunout do postranního panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">skrýt</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Další možnosti" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Akce </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C5%BDivo%C4%8Dichov%C3%A9"><span>Číst</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%BDivo%C4%8Dichov%C3%A9&veaction=edit" title="Editovat tuto stránku [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editovat</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%BDivo%C4%8Dichov%C3%A9&action=edit" title="Editovat zdrojový kód této stránky [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editovat zdroj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%BDivo%C4%8Dichov%C3%A9&action=history"><span>Zobrazit historii</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Obecné </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Co_odkazuje_na/%C5%BDivo%C4%8Dichov%C3%A9" title="Seznam všech wikistránek, které sem odkazují [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Odkazuje sem</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Souvisej%C3%ADc%C3%AD_zm%C4%9Bny/%C5%BDivo%C4%8Dichov%C3%A9" rel="nofollow" title="Nedávné změny stránek, na které je odkazováno [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Související změny</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=cs" title="Nahrát obrázky či jiná multimédia [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Načíst soubor</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_str%C3%A1nky" title="Seznam všech speciálních stránek [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Speciální stránky</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%BDivo%C4%8Dichov%C3%A9&oldid=24426479" title="Trvalý odkaz na současnou verzi této stránky"><span>Trvalý odkaz</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%BDivo%C4%8Dichov%C3%A9&action=info" title="Více informací o této stránce"><span>Informace o stránce</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Citovat&page=%C5%BDivo%C4%8Dichov%C3%A9&id=24426479&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informace o tom, jak citovat tuto stránku"><span>Citovat stránku</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcs.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25C5%25BDivo%25C4%258Dichov%25C3%25A9"><span>Získat zkrácené URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcs.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25C5%25BDivo%25C4%258Dichov%25C3%25A9"><span>Stáhnout QR kód</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tisk/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Kniha&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%C5%BDivo%C4%8Dichov%C3%A9"><span>Vytvořit knihu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:DownloadAsPdf&page=%C5%BDivo%C4%8Dichov%C3%A9&action=show-download-screen"><span>Stáhnout jako PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%BDivo%C4%8Dichov%C3%A9&printable=yes" title="Tato stránka v podobě vhodné k tisku [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Verze k tisku</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Na jiných projektech </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Animal" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-species mw-list-item"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Animalia" hreflang="en"><span>Wikidruhy</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikiquote.org/wiki/%C5%BDivo%C4%8Dich" hreflang="cs"><span>Wikicitáty</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q729" title="Odkaz na propojenou položku datového úložiště [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Položka Wikidat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Nástroje ke stránce"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Vzhled"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Vzhled</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">přesunout do postranního panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">skrýt</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Z Wikipedie, otevřené encyklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="cs" dir="ltr"><div class="uvodni-upozorneni hatnote noprint">Tento článek je o biologickém pojetí. O filosofickém a právním pojetí pojednává článek <a href="/wiki/Zv%C3%AD%C5%99e" title="Zvíře">zvíře</a>.</div> <table class="infobox" style="width:22em;width:277.2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;background-color:pink; line-height: 25px;"><sup style="float:right"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedie:Jak_%C4%8D%C3%ADst_taxobox" title="Jak číst taxobox"><img alt="Jak číst taxobox" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Information-silk.svg/18px-Information-silk.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Information-silk.svg/27px-Information-silk.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Information-silk.svg/36px-Information-silk.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></sup>Živočichové</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Animal_diversity.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Rozmanití živočichové"><img alt="alternativní popis obrázku chybí" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Animal_diversity.png/270px-Animal_diversity.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="395" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/14/Animal_diversity.png 1.5x" data-file-width="354" data-file-height="518" /></a></span><div>Rozmanití živočichové</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:pink;"><a href="/wiki/Biologick%C3%A1_klasifikace" title="Biologická klasifikace">Vědecká klasifikace</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Dom%C3%A9na_(biologie)" title="Doména (biologie)">Doména</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryota" title="Eukaryota">Eukaryota</a><br /><span style="font-size:95%;"></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><span style="font-size:90%;">(nezařazeno)</span></th><td><a href="/wiki/Opisthokonta" title="Opisthokonta">Opisthokonta</a><br /><span style="font-size:95%;"></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/%C5%98%C3%AD%C5%A1e_(biologie)" title="Říše (biologie)">Říše</a></th><td><b>živočichové</b> (Metazoa)<br /><span style="font-size:95%;"><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Haeckel" title="Ernst Haeckel">Haeckel</a>, 1874</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:pink;"><a href="/wiki/Kmen_(biologie)" title="Kmen (biologie)">Kmeny</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><div style="text-align: left"> <ul><li>mnoho, viz text</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size: smaller;">Některá data mohou pocházet z <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q729" class="extiw" title="d:Q729">datové položky</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Živočichové</b> (Metazoa, Animalia<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>pozn. 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) je <a href="/wiki/%C5%98%C3%AD%C5%A1e_(biologie)" title="Říše (biologie)">říše</a> <a href="/wiki/Mnohobun%C4%9B%C4%8Dnost" title="Mnohobuněčnost">mnohobuněčných</a> <a href="/wiki/Heterotrofie" title="Heterotrofie">heterotrofních</a> <a href="/wiki/Organismus" title="Organismus">organismů</a>, které se již na <a href="/wiki/Bu%C5%88ka" title="Buňka">buněčné</a> úrovni odlišují od <a href="/wiki/Rostliny" title="Rostliny">rostlin</a> a <a href="/wiki/Houby" title="Houby">hub</a>. Jejich buňky nemají <a href="/wiki/Plastid" title="Plastid">plastidy</a> ani <a href="/wiki/Bun%C4%9B%C4%8Dn%C3%A1_st%C4%9Bna" title="Buněčná stěna">buněčnou stěnu</a>. Jsou dnes řazeni do skupiny <a href="/wiki/Opisthokonta" title="Opisthokonta">Opisthokonta</a> spolu s houbami a některými <a href="/wiki/Prvoci" title="Prvoci">prvoky</a>. Říše živočichů je v dnešním pojetí totožná se svou bývalou podříší „mnohobuněční“ (Metazoa), nezahrnuje tedy žádné prvoky. Skupina <a href="/wiki/V%C3%BDtrusenky" title="Výtrusenky">Myxozoa</a> je jednobuněčná sekundárně v důsledku parazitického způsobu života, patří ale do pravých Metazoa – předpokládá se její příbuznost s <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDahavci" title="Žahavci">žahavci</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Popis">Popis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%BDivo%C4%8Dichov%C3%A9&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editace sekce: Popis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%BDivo%C4%8Dichov%C3%A9&action=edit&section=1" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Popis"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jako živočichové v širším slova smyslu (<a href="/wiki/Holozoa" title="Holozoa">Holozoa</a>) je označována skupina Metazoa, o které pojednává tento článek, rozšířená o její některé jednobuněčné příbuzné (konkrétně o <a href="/wiki/Parafyletismus" title="Parafyletismus">parafyletickou</a> skupinu <a href="/wiki/Trub%C3%A9nky" title="Trubénky">trubének</a> (Choanozoa). Tvarová diverzita (rozmanitost tělních plánů) metazoí se vyvinula relativně velmi brzy v jejich evoluci.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jako <a href="/wiki/Heterotrofie" title="Heterotrofie">heterotrofní</a> organismy jsou živočichové závislí na <a href="/wiki/Autotrofie" title="Autotrofie">autotrofních</a> organismech, především na <a href="/wiki/Rostliny" title="Rostliny">rostlinách</a>. Někteří živočichové žijí v <a href="/wiki/Symbi%C3%B3za" title="Symbióza">symbióze</a> s autotrofními jednobuněčnými organismy, které jim poskytují potravu. Přibližně třetina <a href="/wiki/Kmen_(biologie)" title="Kmen (biologie)">kmenů</a> má <a href="/wiki/Parazitismus" title="Parazitismus">parazitické</a> zástupce, některé kmeny jsou výhradně parazitické. </p><p>V živočišném těle často dochází ke značné specializaci jednotlivých částí (<a href="/wiki/Tk%C3%A1%C5%88" title="Tkáň">tkáně</a>, <a href="/wiki/Org%C3%A1n" title="Orgán">orgány</a>). <a href="/wiki/Houbovci" title="Houbovci">Houbovci</a> (Porifera) a <a href="/wiki/Vlo%C4%8Dkovci" title="Vločkovci">vločkovci</a> (Placozoa) pravé tkáně nemají a jejich buňky jsou do jisté míry schopné autonomie, to však neznamená, že jsou fylogeneticky nejpůvodnější. Stavba těla houbovců připomíná v mnoha aspektech <a href="/wiki/Kolonie_(biologie)" title="Kolonie (biologie)">kolonie</a> některých trubének. Tkáně a orgány živočichů lze pak přiřadit dvěma základním <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%A1rode%C4%8Dn%C3%BD_list" title="Zárodečný list">zárodečným listům</a> – vnějšímu <a href="/wiki/Ektoderm" title="Ektoderm">ektodermu</a> a vnitřního <a href="/wiki/Entoderm" title="Entoderm">entodermu</a>; u vývojově pokročilejších bilaterií k nim přibývá střední <a href="/wiki/Mezoderm" title="Mezoderm">mezoderm</a> (může mít ektodermální nebo entodermální původ) a některé studie považují za další zárodečný list obratlovců <a href="/wiki/Neur%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_li%C5%A1ta" title="Neurální lišta">neurální lištu</a> (s ektodermálním původem). </p><p>Je známo přes 35 kmenů mnohobuněčných. Zhruba polovina je výhradně mořských, všechny kmeny kromě <a href="/wiki/Dr%C3%A1pkovci" title="Drápkovci">drápkovců</a> (Onychophora) mají i vodní zástupce. Všechny kmeny, včetně drápkovců, však vznikly v moři. </p><p>Podle <a href="/wiki/Fosilie" title="Fosilie">fosilních</a> záznamů existují <a href="/wiki/Trojlist%C3%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="Trojlistí">trojlistí</a> živočichové (Bilateria) na <a href="/wiki/Zem%C4%9B" title="Země">Zemi</a> již přinejmenším 585 miliónů let.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> V případě, že by se prokázala příslušnost části <a href="/wiki/Ediakara" title="Ediakara">ediakarské</a> „fauny“ k trojlistým živočichům, existují i fosilní záznamy staré přibližně 610 miliónů let. U dvojlistých živočichů je problém s fosilizací (neexistence pevných schránek, neexistence stop pohybu po dně moří) a přiřazení fosílií je spekulativnější. Úplně nejstarší známý nález fosilií, které by mohly být řazeny k živočichům (konkrétně k primitivním <a href="/wiki/Houbovci" title="Houbovci">houbovcům</a>) pochází z hornin 665 miliónů let starých.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mohli se však už formovat před 800 milióny let.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tou dobou také vzrostla koncentrace <a href="/wiki/M%C4%9B%C4%8F" title="Měď">mědi</a>, která je důležitým článkem v procesu dýchání (<a href="/wiki/Cytochrom_c_oxid%C3%A1za" title="Cytochrom c oxidáza">cytochrom c oxidáza</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Největším známým živočichem (z hlediska hmotnosti) je kytovec <a href="/wiki/Plejtv%C3%A1k_obrovsk%C3%BD" title="Plejtvák obrovský">plejtvák obrovský</a> (dosahující hmotnosti i přes 170 tun), ze suchozemských živočichů pak někteří <a href="/wiki/Sauropodi" title="Sauropodi">sauropodní dinosauři</a>, jako byl například asi 37 metrů dlouhý a kolem 75 tun vážící druh <i><a href="/wiki/Argentinosaurus" title="Argentinosaurus">Argentinosaurus</a> huinculensis</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Systém_živočichů"><span id="Syst.C3.A9m_.C5.BEivo.C4.8Dich.C5.AF"></span>Systém živočichů</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%BDivo%C4%8Dichov%C3%A9&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editace sekce: Systém živočichů" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%BDivo%C4%8Dichov%C3%A9&action=edit&section=2" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Systém živočichů"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="uvodni-upozorneni hatnote"> Podrobnější informace naleznete v článku <a href="/wiki/Klasifikace_%C5%BEivo%C4%8Dich%C5%AF" title="Klasifikace živočichů">Klasifikace živočichů</a>.</div> <ul><li><i>Systém živočichů je zpracován podle knihy <a href="/wiki/Jan_Zrzav%C3%BD_(biolog)" title="Jan Zrzavý (biolog)">Jana Zrzavého</a> </i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fylogeneze_%C5%BEivo%C4%8Di%C5%A1n%C3%A9_%C5%99%C3%AD%C5%A1e&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fylogeneze živočišné říše (stránka neexistuje)">Fylogeneze živočišné říše</a><sup id="cite_ref-Zrzavý_2005_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zrzavý_2005-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><i> a upraven podle pozdějších objevů.</i></li> <li><i>Taxon</i> <a href="/wiki/Kmen_(biologie)" title="Kmen (biologie)">kmen</a> <i>se v následujícím přehledu používá zpravidla v tradičním smyslu; některé studie se mohou lišit v tom, že za kmen považují nadřazené úrovně, uvedené bez taxonomického ranku.</i></li> <li><i>Neuvádí se kmen </i><a href="/wiki/Salinely" title="Salinely">Salinely</a> (Monoblastozoa)<i>, považovaný dnes za hypotetický, neboť jediného popsaného zástupce se nepodařilo nikdy opakovaně nalézt.</i></li></ul> <p>Mnohobuněčné živočichy můžeme zjednodušeně rozdělit na dvě skupiny – „dvojlisté“ a trojlisté. Trojlistí jsou pak tvořeni živočichy s dvoustrannou symetrií a proto v současnosti nazýváni spíše Bilateria. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="„Dvojlistí“"><span id=".E2.80.9EDvojlist.C3.AD.E2.80.9C"></span>„Dvojlistí“</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%BDivo%C4%8Dichov%C3%A9&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editace sekce: „Dvojlistí“" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%BDivo%C4%8Dichov%C3%A9&action=edit&section=3" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce „Dvojlistí“"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Skupina dvojlistých živočichů je nepřirozená (<a href="/wiki/Parafyletismus" title="Parafyletismus">parafyletická</a>), neboť zahrnuje různé postupně se odvětvující vývojové linie, nemající společného předka, který by zároveň nebyl předkem trojlistých. </p><p><b>„Dvojlistí“</b><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>pozn. 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Diblastica syn. Diploblasta, též Radiata), <a href="/wiki/Synonymum" title="Synonymum">syn.</a> <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A1%C4%8Dkovci" title="Láčkovci">láčkovci</a> <sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>pozn. 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Kmen: <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDebernatky" title="Žebernatky">Žebernatky</a> (Ctenophora)</li> <li>Kmen: <a href="/wiki/Houbovci" title="Houbovci">Houbovci</a> (Porifera)</li> <li>Parahoxozoa <ul><li>Kmen: <a href="/wiki/Vlo%C4%8Dkovci" title="Vločkovci">Vločkovci</a> (Placozoa)</li> <li>Kmen: <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDahavci" title="Žahavci">Žahavci</a> (Cnidaria) (včetně druhotně zjednodušených <a href="/wiki/V%C3%BDtrusenky" title="Výtrusenky">výtrusenek</a> (Myxozoa), dříve považovaných za samostatný kmen)</li> <li>(+ Bilateria / trojlistí (viz níže))</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Současné_představy_o_fylogenezi"><span id="Sou.C4.8Dasn.C3.A9_p.C5.99edstavy_o_fylogenezi"></span>Současné představy o fylogenezi</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%BDivo%C4%8Dichov%C3%A9&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editace sekce: Současné představy o fylogenezi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%BDivo%C4%8Dichov%C3%A9&action=edit&section=4" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Současné představy o fylogenezi"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dlouhou dobu byli za fylogeneticky nejbazálnější skupinu živočichů považováni <a href="/wiki/Houbovci" title="Houbovci">houbovci</a> (Porifera), též zvaní (živočišné) houby. Bylo to kvůli primitivní stavbě jejich těl, připomínající často pouhou kolonii a nepravou <a href="/wiki/Tk%C3%A1%C5%88" title="Tkáň">tkáň</a>. Zbylé skupiny živočichů (s výjimkou <a href="/wiki/Vlo%C4%8Dkovci" title="Vločkovci">vločkovci</a> s nejistým postavením, často řazených s houbovci do skupiny Parazoa) pak byly považovány za přirozenou skupinu a nazývány tkáňovci (<a href="/wiki/Eumetazoa" title="Eumetazoa">Eumetazoa</a> či Histozoa). </p><p>Pozdější analýzy nejprve ukázaly <a href="/wiki/Parafyletismus" title="Parafyletismus">nepřirozenost</a> houbovců. S revolučním zjištěním pak přišly některé studie po r. 2008, které na základě molekulární analýzy označily za nejbazálnější skupinu živočichů žebernatky.<sup id="cite_ref-Dunn_2008_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dunn_2008-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hejnol_2009_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hejnol_2009-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To znamenalo ztrátu přirozenosti tkáňovců. Ačkoli se objevily i studie potvrzující bazálnost houbovců<sup id="cite_ref-Philippe_2009_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Philippe_2009-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pick_2012_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pick_2012-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (jedna z nich dokonce rehabilitovala jako přirozené celé „dvojlisté“<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), poslední studie publikované v prestižních recenzovaných odborných časopisech potvrzují bazální postavení <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDebernatky" title="Žebernatky">žebernatek</a>, ba naznačují i možnost, že <a href="/wiki/Neuron" title="Neuron">neurony</a> a dokonce i některé typicky mezodermální buňky (svalové buňky) mohly mít fylogenetický základ již u nejpůvodnějších živočichů a u některých skupin (houbovci, vločkovci) mohly být druhotně ztraceny (variantou je nezávislý vznik jejich obdoby u žebernatek). Proto je také název „dvojlistí“ uváděn v uvozovkách.<sup id="cite_ref-Ryan_2013_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ryan_2013-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Moroz_2014_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moroz_2014-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Poslední studie se shodují i na tom, že po žebernatkách se odštěpili houbovci (možná v několika větvích), poté vločkovci a až následně se oddělily linie žahavců a bilaterií.<sup id="cite_ref-Ryan_2013_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ryan_2013-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Moroz_2014_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moroz_2014-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Whelan_2015_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whelan_2015-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bilateria_/_trojlistí"><span id="Bilateria_.2F_trojlist.C3.AD"></span>Bilateria / trojlistí</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%BDivo%C4%8Dichov%C3%A9&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Editace sekce: Bilateria / trojlistí" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%BDivo%C4%8Dichov%C3%A9&action=edit&section=5" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Bilateria / trojlistí"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Trojlist%C3%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="Trojlistí">Trojlistí</a></b> (Bilateria <a href="/wiki/Synonymum" title="Synonymum">syn.</a> Bilateralia, zast. Triblastica <a href="/wiki/Synonymum" title="Synonymum">syn.</a> Triploblastica)<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>pozn. 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> se dělí na dvě velké linie – <b>prvoústé</b> (Protostomia) a <b>druhoústé</b> (Deuterostomia).<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>pozn. 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Prvoústí_(Protostomia)"><span id="Prvo.C3.BAst.C3.AD_.28Protostomia.29"></span>Prvoústí (Protostomia)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%BDivo%C4%8Dichov%C3%A9&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Editace sekce: Prvoústí (Protostomia)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%BDivo%C4%8Dichov%C3%A9&action=edit&section=6" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Prvoústí (Protostomia)"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Prvo%C3%BAst%C3%AD" title="Prvoústí">Prvoústí</a> se dělí na dvě velké přirozené skupiny – <a href="/wiki/Lophotrochozoa" title="Lophotrochozoa">Lophotrochozoa</a> a <a href="/wiki/Ecdysozoa" title="Ecdysozoa">Ecdysozoa</a>, pouze <a href="/wiki/Mechovci" title="Mechovci">mechovci</a> jsou bazální skupina. </p> <ul><li>Kmen: <a href="/wiki/Mechovci" title="Mechovci">mechovci</a> (Ectoprocta = Bryozoa)</li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Lophotrochozoa" title="Lophotrochozoa">Lophotrochozoa</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Synonymum" title="Synonymum">syn.</a> Spiralia<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>pozn. 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Kmen: <a href="/wiki/Ploutvenky" title="Ploutvenky">Ploutvenky</a> (Chaetognatha)</li> <li>Kmen: <a href="/wiki/Lilijicovci" title="Lilijicovci">Lilijicovci</a> (Myzostomida)<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>pozn. 7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morulovci" title="Morulovci">Morulovci</a> <a href="/wiki/Synonymum" title="Synonymum">syn.</a> moruškovci (Mesozoa) <ul><li>Kmen: <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9piovky" title="Sépiovky">Sépiovky</a> (Rhombozoa)</li> <li>Kmen: <a href="/wiki/Plazmodiovky" title="Plazmodiovky">Plazmodiovky</a> (Orthonectida)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platyzoa" title="Platyzoa">Platyzoa</a><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>pozn. 8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rouphozoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rouphozoa (stránka neexistuje)">Rouphozoa</a><sup id="cite_ref-Struck_2014_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Struck_2014-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>pozn. 9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Kmen: <a href="/wiki/Plo%C5%A1t%C4%9Bnci" title="Ploštěnci">Ploštěnci</a> (Platyhelminthes)</li> <li>Kmen: <a href="/wiki/B%C5%99ichobrvky" title="Břichobrvky">Břichobrvky</a> (Gastrotricha)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamptozoa" title="Kamptozoa">Kamptozoa</a><sup id="cite_ref-Golombek_2015_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Golombek_2015-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Kmen: <a href="/wiki/Mechovnatci" title="Mechovnatci">Mechovnatci</a> (Entoprocta)</li> <li>Kmen: <a href="/wiki/V%C3%AD%C5%99n%C3%ADkovci" title="Vířníkovci">Vířníkovci</a> (Cycliophora)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%8Celistovci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Čelistovci (stránka neexistuje)">Čelistovci</a> (Gnathifera)<sup id="cite_ref-Golombek_2015_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Golombek_2015-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Kmen: <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Celistovky" title="Čelistovky">Čelistovky</a> (Gnathostomulida)</li> <li>Kmen: <a href="/wiki/Oknozubky" title="Oknozubky">Oknozubky</a> (Micrognathozoa)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syndermata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Syndermata (stránka neexistuje)">Syndermata</a> <ul><li>Kmen: <a href="/wiki/V%C3%AD%C5%99n%C3%ADci" title="Vířníci">Vířníci</a> (Rotifera)</li> <li>Kmen: <a href="/wiki/Vrtej%C5%A1i" title="Vrtejši">Vrtejši</a> (Acanthocephala)</li> <li>Kmen: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%BD%C3%A1brovci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Žábrovci (stránka neexistuje)">Žábrovci</a> (Seisonida)</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Kmen: <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1snice_(%C5%BEivo%C4%8Dich)" title="Pásnice (živočich)">Pásnice</a> (Nemertini = Nemertea)</li> <li>Kmen: <a href="/wiki/Krou%C5%BEkovci" title="Kroužkovci">Kroužkovci</a> (Annelida) (včetně <a href="/wiki/Vl%C3%A1knono%C5%A1ci" title="Vláknonošci">vláknonošců</a> (Pogonophora), <a href="/wiki/Rypohlavci" title="Rypohlavci">rypohlavců</a> (Echiura) a <a href="/wiki/Sum%C3%BD%C5%A1ovci" title="Sumýšovci">sumýšovců</a> (Sipunculida), dříve často považovaných za samostatné kmeny)<sup id="cite_ref-Struck_2011_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Struck_2011-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Kmen: <a href="/wiki/M%C4%9Bkk%C3%BD%C5%A1i" title="Měkkýši">Měkkýši</a> (Mollusca)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brachiozoa" title="Brachiozoa">Brachiozoa</a> <ul><li>Kmen: <a href="/wiki/Ramenono%C5%BEci" title="Ramenonožci">Ramenonožci</a> (Brachiopoda)</li> <li>Kmen: <a href="/wiki/Chapadlovky" title="Chapadlovky">Chapadlovky</a> (Phoronida)</li></ul></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Ecdysozoa" title="Ecdysozoa">Ecdysozoa</a> </b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chobotovci" title="Chobotovci">Chobotovci</a> (Scalidophora) <ul><li>Kmen: <a href="/wiki/Hlavatci" title="Hlavatci">Hlavatci</a> (Priapulida)</li> <li>Kmen: <a href="/wiki/Rype%C4%8Dky" title="Rypečky">Rypečky</a> (Kinorhyncha)</li> <li>Kmen: <a href="/wiki/Korzetky" title="Korzetky">Korzetky</a> (Loricifera)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nematoida" title="Nematoida">Nematoida</a> <ul><li>Kmen: <a href="/wiki/Strunovci" title="Strunovci">Strunovci</a> (Nematomorpha)</li> <li>Kmen: <a href="/wiki/Hl%C3%ADstice" title="Hlístice">Hlístice</a> (Nematoda)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panarthropoda" title="Panarthropoda">Panarthropoda</a> <ul><li>Kmen: <a href="/wiki/Dr%C3%A1pkovci" title="Drápkovci">Drápkovci</a> (Onychophora)</li> <li>Kmen: <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDelvu%C5%A1ky" title="Želvušky">Želvušky</a> (Tardigrada)</li> <li>Kmen: <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Clenovci" title="Členovci">Členovci</a> (Arthropoda)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Druhoústí"><span id="Druho.C3.BAst.C3.AD"></span>Druhoústí</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%BDivo%C4%8Dichov%C3%A9&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Editace sekce: Druhoústí" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%BDivo%C4%8Dichov%C3%A9&action=edit&section=7" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Druhoústí"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Je pravděpodobné, že na bázi všech <a href="/wiki/Druho%C3%BAst%C3%AD" title="Druhoústí">druhoústých</a> živočichů (Deuterostomia) jsou <a href="/wiki/Strunatci" title="Strunatci">strunatci</a>. Zbytek tvoří linie vedoucí k praploštěncům a mlžojedům a její sesterská skupina <a href="/wiki/Ambulacraria" title="Ambulacraria">Ambulacraria</a>, která se dělí na polostrunatce a ostnokožce. </p> <ul><li>Kmen: <a href="/wiki/Strunatci" title="Strunatci">Strunatci</a> (Chordata) <ul><li>Podkmen: <a href="/wiki/Pl%C3%A1%C5%A1t%C4%9Bnci" title="Pláštěnci">Pláštěnci</a> (Urochordata = Tunicata)</li> <li>Podkmen: <a href="/wiki/Bezlebe%C4%8Dn%C3%AD" title="Bezlebeční">Bezlebeční</a> (Acrania = Cephalochordata)</li> <li>Podkmen: <a href="/wiki/Obratlovci" title="Obratlovci">Obratlovci</a> v širším smyslu <a href="/wiki/Synonymum" title="Synonymum">syn.</a> lebečnatí (Craniata)<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>pozn. 10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xenacoelomorpha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xenacoelomorpha (stránka neexistuje)">Xenacoelomorpha</a><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Kmen: <a href="/wiki/Ml%C5%BEojedi" title="Mlžojedi">Mlžojedi</a> (Xenoturbellida)</li> <li>Kmen: <a href="/wiki/Praplo%C5%A1t%C4%9Bnci" title="Praploštěnci">Praploštěnci</a> (Acoelomorpha)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambulacraria" title="Ambulacraria">Ambulacraria</a> <ul><li>Kmen: <a href="/wiki/Ostnoko%C5%BEci" title="Ostnokožci">Ostnokožci</a> (Echinodermata)</li> <li>Kmen: <a href="/wiki/Polostrunatci" title="Polostrunatci">Polostrunatci</a> (Hemichordata)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Živočichové_a_člověk"><span id=".C5.BDivo.C4.8Dichov.C3.A9_a_.C4.8Dlov.C4.9Bk"></span>Živočichové a člověk</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%BDivo%C4%8Dichov%C3%A9&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Editace sekce: Živočichové a člověk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%BDivo%C4%8Dichov%C3%A9&action=edit&section=8" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Živočichové a člověk"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint ambox labelced labelced-page labelced-page-type-content ambox-content plainlinks"> <div class="labelced_message"><div class="labelced_image ambox-image mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="ikona" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Broom_icon.svg/48px-Broom_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Broom_icon.svg/72px-Broom_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Broom_icon.svg/96px-Broom_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></div> <div class="labelced_message_inner"> <div class="labelced_message_headline ambox-text">Tato část článku potřebuje úpravy.</div> <div class="labelced_message_text hide-when-compact ambox-text">Můžete Wikipedii pomoci tím, že ji <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C5%BDivo%C4%8Dichov%C3%A9&action=edit">vylepšíte</a></span>. Jak by měly články vypadat, popisují stránky <a href="/wiki/Wikipedie:Vzhled_a_styl" title="Wikipedie:Vzhled a styl">Vzhled a styl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedie:Encyklopedick%C3%BD_styl" title="Wikipedie:Encyklopedický styl">Encyklopedický styl</a> a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedie:Pr%C5%AFvodce_(odkazy)" title="Wikipedie:Průvodce (odkazy)">Odkazy</a>.</div> </div> </div> </div> <p><a href="/wiki/%C4%8Clov%C4%9Bk" title="Člověk">Člověk</a> je kategorizován jako živočich. Rozdíly jako <a href="/wiki/Self-awareness" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-awareness">sebeuvědomění</a> či schopnost se vcítit<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> nejsou totiž výhradně lidské vlastnosti. I další živočichové mají rituály.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Slovo <b>živočich</b> je užívané převážně v odborném stylu. V obecné mluvě se pro živočichy, vyjma člověka, obvykle užívá slovo <b><a href="/wiki/Zv%C3%AD%C5%99e" title="Zvíře">zvíře</a></b>, případně <b>zvířátko</b>, jako hromadné jméno pro zvířectvo se užívá též pojem <b>fauna</b>. Obsah těchto slov není ostře vymezen, běžně se jím označují větší živočichové, zpravidla <a href="/wiki/Obratlovci" title="Obratlovci">obratlovci</a>, někdy jím bývá označen i například <a href="/wiki/Hmyz" title="Hmyz">hmyz</a>. Některé druhy větších savců a ptáků žijící ve volné <a href="/wiki/P%C5%99%C3%ADroda" title="Příroda">přírodě</a> se označují také slovem <b><a href="/wiki/Zv%C4%9B%C5%99" title="Zvěř">zvěř</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Kromě biologického popisu a třídění jsou živočichové pojmenováváni a popisováni také podle svého vztahu k člověku nebo přírodě, podle svých projevů, funkcí a způsobů využívání. Nutno ovšem říci, že takováto hodnocení zpravidla nelze považovat za objektivní a obecně platná, neboť jsou „nestabilní v čase i prostoru“. Zatímco někde je zvíře užitečné, může být jinde škodlivé, totéž platí i pro jedno místo (oblast) v různých časech. Také závisí na úhlu pohledu – zvíře může být zároveň užitečné, nebezpečné, chovné i neužitkové (např. <a href="/wiki/Pes_dom%C3%A1c%C3%AD" title="Pes domácí">psa</a> lze zařadit do všech těchto kategorií), a to fakticky i dle úhlu pohledu posuzovatele (např. <a href="/wiki/Led%C5%88%C3%A1%C4%8Dek" class="mw-disambig" title="Ledňáček">ledňáček</a> může být považován za přirozeného nepřítele plevelných ryb – takže je užitečný, i za příležitostného vykradače sádek – takže je škodlivý). <a href="/wiki/Medv%C4%9Bdovit%C3%AD" title="Medvědovití">Medvěd</a> může být shledán efektivním likvidátorem <a href="/wiki/Mr%C5%A1ina" title="Mršina">mršin</a> (užitečný), ale též nebezpečnou <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0elmy" title="Šelmy">šelmou</a> (nebezpečný) a vykradačem <a href="/wiki/V%C4%8Del%C3%AD_%C3%BAl" title="Včelí úl">úlů</a> (škodlivý). Toto dělení tedy vychází z hlediska bezprostřední lidské užitečnosti a je používáno především myslivci, rybáři, zemědělci apod. </p><p><b>Nebezpečná zvířata</b> – zvířata ohrožující přímo <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDivot" title="Život">život</a> nebo <a href="/wiki/Zdrav%C3%AD" title="Zdraví">zdraví</a> </p> <ul><li>člověku nebezpečné šelmy (<a href="/wiki/Lev" title="Lev">lev</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tygr" title="Tygr">tygr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Medv%C4%9Bd" class="mw-redirect" title="Medvěd">medvěd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vlk" title="Vlk">vlk</a>), <a href="/wiki/Jed" title="Jed">jedovatá</a> zvířata (např. někteří <a href="/wiki/Hadi" title="Hadi">hadi</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDahavci" title="Žahavci">žahavci</a>, bodavý <a href="/wiki/Hmyz" title="Hmyz">hmyz</a>) a podobně</li></ul> <p><b>Škodlivá zvířata</b>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0k%C5%AFdce" title="Škůdce">škůdci</a> – zvířata ohrožující jiné lidské zájmy, např. zájmy hospodářské (snižují <a href="/wiki/Zem%C4%9Bd%C4%9Blstv%C3%AD" title="Zemědělství">zemědělské</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lesnictv%C3%AD" title="Lesnictví">lesnické</a> a <a href="/wiki/Rybolov" title="Rybolov">rybářské</a> výnosy nebo ničí lidské zásoby či zařízení), <a href="/wiki/Ekologie" title="Ekologie">ekologické</a>, zdravotní (i když sama nejsou nebezpečná, mohou šířit choroby lidí a užitkových zvířat) apod. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saran%C4%8De_st%C4%9Bhovav%C3%A1" title="Saranče stěhovavá">saranče</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plz%C3%A1k_%C5%A1pan%C4%9Blsk%C3%BD" title="Plzák španělský">plzák</a>, <a href="/wiki/K%C5%AFrovci" title="Kůrovci">kůrovec</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kormor%C3%A1n_velk%C3%BD" title="Kormorán velký">kormorán</a>, <a href="/wiki/My%C5%A1" title="Myš">myš</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bobr" title="Bobr">bobr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Termiti" title="Termiti">termiti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anobiidae" title="Anobiidae">červotoč</a>, <a href="/wiki/Invazn%C3%AD_druh#Živočišné_invaze" title="Invazní druh">invazní druhy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Krysa" title="Krysa">krysa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kl%C3%AD%C5%A1%C5%A5atovit%C3%AD" title="Klíšťatovití">klíště</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kom%C3%A1rovit%C3%AD" title="Komárovití">komár</a></li></ul> <p><b>Užitečná zvířata</b> – zvířata, která naopak jiné lidské zájmy (hospodářské, ekologické, emocionální) podporují. U ekologických zájmů jsou to např. zvířata podílející se na redukci škodlivých živočichů a rostlin (např. <a href="/wiki/Slun%C3%A9%C4%8Dko_sedmite%C4%8Dn%C3%A9" title="Slunéčko sedmitečné">slunéčko</a>). Významnými skupinami užitečných zvířat jsou: </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/U%C5%BEitek_(ekonomie)" title="Užitek (ekonomie)">Užitková</a> zvířata</b> – zvířata, nebo pro něž má člověk nějaké záměrné využití: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plemena_zv%C3%AD%C5%99at#Zvířata_hospodářská" class="mw-redirect" title="Plemena zvířat">hospodářská zvířata</a> – pro výrobu živočišných produktů (<a href="/wiki/Maso" title="Maso">maso</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vejce" title="Vejce">vejce</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ml%C3%A9ko" title="Mléko">mléko</a>, <a href="/wiki/Textiln%C3%AD_%C5%BEivo%C4%8Di%C5%A1n%C3%A1_vl%C3%A1kna" title="Textilní živočišná vlákna">vlna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Med" title="Med">med</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hedv%C3%A1b%C3%AD" title="Hedvábí">hedvábí</a>), využití jejich síly (tažná a jezdecká zvířata – <a href="/wiki/K%C5%AF%C5%88" title="Kůň">kůň</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tur_dom%C3%A1c%C3%AD" title="Tur domácí">tur domácí</a>, <a href="/wiki/Osel" title="Osel">osel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slon" title="Slon">slon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pes_dom%C3%A1c%C3%AD" title="Pes domácí">pes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sob_pol%C3%A1rn%C3%AD" title="Sob polární">sob</a>, <a href="/wiki/Velbloud" title="Velbloud">velbloud</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plemena_zv%C3%AD%C5%99at#Zvířata_domácí" class="mw-redirect" title="Plemena zvířat">užitková domácí zvířata</a> (např. hlídací a lovečtí <a href="/wiki/Pes_dom%C3%A1c%C3%AD" title="Pes domácí">psi</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plemena_zv%C3%AD%C5%99at#Zvířata_laboratorní" class="mw-redirect" title="Plemena zvířat">laboratorní zvířata</a> (např. laboratorní myš, králíci, potkani)</li> <li>zvířata využívaná ve <a href="/wiki/Zdravotnictv%C3%AD" title="Zdravotnictví">zdravotnictví</a> (např. <a href="/wiki/Pijavka_l%C3%A9ka%C5%99sk%C3%A1" title="Pijavka lékařská">pijavice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bzu%C4%8Divka_zelen%C3%A1" title="Bzučivka zelená">bzučivka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hipoterapie" title="Hipoterapie">kůň</a>) apod.</li></ul></li> <li><b>Neužitková domácí zvířata</b> – zvířata chovaná zejména k uspokojení emocionálních potřeb člověka <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ko%C4%8Dka_dom%C3%A1c%C3%AD" title="Kočka domácí">kočka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pes_dom%C3%A1c%C3%AD" title="Pes domácí">pes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Papou%C5%A1ci" title="Papoušci">papoušek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akvaristika" title="Akvaristika">akvarijní</a> ryby apod.</li></ul></li> <li><b>Chovná zvířata</b> – společné označení <a href="/wiki/Plemena_zv%C3%AD%C5%99at" class="mw-redirect" title="Plemena zvířat">plemen</a> užitkových zvířat a neužitkových domácích zvířat, určených pro <a href="/wiki/Zootechnika" title="Zootechnika">chov</a> a <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0lecht%C4%9Bn%C3%AD" title="Šlechtění">šlechtění</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Poznámky"><span id="Pozn.C3.A1mky"></span>Poznámky</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%BDivo%C4%8Dichov%C3%A9&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Editace sekce: Poznámky" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%BDivo%C4%8Dichov%C3%A9&action=edit&section=9" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Poznámky"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b>Animalia</b> bylo označení pro živočichy v širším slova smyslu, zahrnující i mnohá eukaryota, která dnes patří do úplně jiných superskupin, např. do <a href="/wiki/Amoebozoa" title="Amoebozoa">Amoebozoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Excavata" title="Excavata">Excavata</a> či <a href="/wiki/SAR_(taxonomie)" title="SAR (taxonomie)">SAR (taxonomie)</a>; dnes se často používá jako synonymum k Metazoa, nebo k pouhým „tkáňovcům“ (Metazoa bez <a href="/wiki/Houbovci" title="Houbovci">houbovců</a> a <a href="/wiki/Vlo%C4%8Dkovci" title="Vločkovci">vločkovců</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, případně k <a href="/wiki/Holozoa" title="Holozoa">Holozoa</a>. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dvojlistí dostali své jméno podle dvou <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%A1rode%C4%8Dn%C3%BD_list" title="Zárodečný list">zárodečných listů</a> (ektoderm a endoderm), kterým lze přiřadit buňky jejich těla. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">V užším smyslu se jako láčkovci (Coelenterata) označují pouze žahavci a žebernatky, živočichové s radiální symetrií (Radiata). Název je odvozen od pojmenování jejich neprůchozí trávicí dutiny – <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A1%C4%8Dka_(tr%C3%A1ven%C3%AD)" title="Láčka (trávení)">láčky</a>. Až druhotně byl název rozšířen i na další „dvojlisté“ a v současnosti se téměř nepoužívá.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Trojlistí (Triblastica či Triploblastica) dostali své jméno podle tří zárodečných listů (navíc mezoderm). Jedná se vesměs o živočichy s dvoustrannou symetrií, odtud i jejich častěji používané odborné synonymum (Bilateralia, či nověji Bilateria), které je navíc z pohledu posledních fylogenetických analýz bazálních větví živočichů mnohem korektnější.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Názvy vycházejí z původních, dnes již částečně překonaných představ o raném ontogenetickém vývoji zárodku. U prvoústých se budoucí ústní otvor živočicha shodoval s prvotním otvorem <a href="/wiki/Gastrula" title="Gastrula">gastrulární dutiny</a>, u druhoústých se nově prolamoval na jiném místě těla.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jménem Spiralia byla označována skupina zahrnující kroužkovce, měkkýše a pásnice, a to podle spirálního rýhování vajíčka v rané ontogenezi. Když bylo spirální rýhování zjištěno u ploštěnců a jeho obdoba u dalších lofotrochozoí, začalo se jméno příležitostně používat i jako synonymum pro Lophotrochozoa (v širším smyslu), ačkoli dosud není prokázáno, že spirální rýhování je skutečně původní i pro jejich společného předka. Také jméno Lophotrochozoa bylo dříve používáno i v užším smyslu, ve kterém taxon nezahrnoval Gnathifera<sup id="cite_ref-Paps_2009_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paps_2009-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> či celou skupinu Platyzoa.<sup id="cite_ref-Struck_2014_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Struck_2014-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Přesné postavení lilijicovců dosud není jasné. Podle studie ribozomálních genů a bílkovin by měli být blízcí břichobrvkám, podle mitochondriálních a některých jaderných genů kroužkovcům.<sup id="cite_ref-Bleidorn_2009_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bleidorn_2009-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Fylogenetická studie z r. 2014<sup id="cite_ref-Struck_2014_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Struck_2014-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> zpochybnila přirozenost skupiny Platyzoa. Ostatní skupiny lofotrochozoí/spiralií v širším smyslu (možná s výjimkou ploutvenek a morulovců, které studie neanalyzovala) se podle ní odvětvují uvnitř platyzoí; z nich se naopak nejbazálněji odvětvují čelistovci a pro zbytek studie navrhuje název Platytrochozoa. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Na rozdíl od studie z r. 2014<sup id="cite_ref-Struck_2014_24-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Struck_2014-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> nepotvrdila novější studie z r. 2015<sup id="cite_ref-Golombek_2015_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Golombek_2015-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> přirozenost Rouphozoa; břichobrvky jsou dle ní sesterskou skupinou k ramenonožcům. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Obratlovci v užším smyslu (<a href="/wiki/Vertebrata" class="mw-redirect" title="Vertebrata">Vertebrata</a>), tedy Craniata bez sliznatek (Myxinoida), nemusejí být přirozenou skupinou; spíše se jeví přirozenými kruhoústí (Cyclostomata: mihule + sliznatky) a čelistnatci (Gnathostomata).<sup id="cite_ref-Zrzavý_2005_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zrzavý_2005-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Proto dávají novější studie, důsledně rozlišující fylogenetické hypotézy, přednost kmeni Craniata.<sup id="cite_ref-Zrzavý_2005_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zrzavý_2005-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Edgecombe_2011_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Edgecombe_2011-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reference">Reference</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%BDivo%C4%8Dichov%C3%A9&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Editace sekce: Reference" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%BDivo%C4%8Dichov%C3%A9&action=edit&section=10" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Reference"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;">ADL, Sina M., <i>et al</i>. The Revised Classification of Eukaryotes. S. 429–514. <i>Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology</i> [online]. 28. září 2012. Svazek 59, čís. 5, s. 429–514. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1550-7408.2012.00644.x/full">Dostupné online</a>. PDF <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1550-7408.2012.00644.x/pdf">[1]</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldcat.org/issn/1550-7408">1550-7408</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1550-7408.2012.00644.x">10.1111/j.1550-7408.2012.00644.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23020233"><span class="PMID">23020233</span></a>. (anglicky)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Eukaryotic+Microbiology&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1550-7408.2012.00644.x&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%2Fdoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1550-7408.2012.00644.x%2Ffull&rft.atitle=The+Revised+Classification+of+Eukaryotes&rft.date=2012&rft.chron=28. z%C3%A1%C5%99%C3%AD&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=429%E2%80%93514&rft.issn=1550-7408&rft.aulast=Adl&rft.aufirst=Sina+M."><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;">DELINE, Bradley; GREENWOOD, Jennifer M.; CLARK, James W.; PUTTICK, Mark N.; PETERSON, Kevin J.; DONOGHUE, Philip C. J. Evolution of metazoan morphological disparity. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</i> [online]. 2018-09-18. Roč. 115, čís. 38. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.1810575115">Dostupné online</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldcat.org/issn/0027-8424">0027-8424</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.1810575115">10.1073/pnas.1810575115</a>. (anglicky)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences&rft_id=info:doi/10.1073%2Fpnas.1810575115&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pnas.org%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.1810575115&rft.atitle=Evolution+of+metazoan+morphological+disparity&rft.date=2018-09-18&rft.volume=115&rft.issue=38&rft.issn=0027-8424&rft.aulast=Deline&rft.aufirst=Bradley&rft.au=Greenwood%2C+Jennifer+M.&rft.au=Clark%2C+James+W."><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;">PECOITS, Ernesto; KONHAUSER, Kurt O.; AUBET, Natalie R., HEAMAN Larry M., VEROSLAVSKY Gerardo, STERN Richard A., GINGRAS Murray K. Bilaterian Burrows and Grazing Behavior at >585 Million Years Ago. S. 1693–1696. <i><a href="/wiki/Science" title="Science">Science</a></i> [online]. 29. červen 2012. Svazek 336, čís. 6089, s. 1693–1696. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/336/6089/1693.abstract">Dostupné online</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldcat.org/issn/1095-9203">1095-9203</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1216295">10.1126/science.1216295</a>. (anglicky)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=Science&rft_id=info:doi/10.1126%2Fscience.1216295&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencemag.org%2Fcontent%2F336%2F6089%2F1693.abstract&rft.atitle=Bilaterian+Burrows+and+Grazing+Behavior+at+%3E585+Million+Years+Ago&rft.date=2012&rft.chron=29. %C4%8Derven&rft.volume=336&rft.issue=6089&rft.pages=1693%E2%80%931696&rft.issn=1095-9203&rft.aulast=Pecoits&rft.aufirst=Ernesto&rft.au=Konhauser%2C+Kurt+O.&rft.au=Aubet%2C+Natalie+R."><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;">University of Alberta. Study resets date of earliest animal life by 30 million years. <i>phys.org</i> [online]. 2012-06-28 [cit. 2023-03-21]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://phys.org/news/2012-06-resets-date-earliest-animal-life.html">Dostupné online</a>. (anglicky)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=phys.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fphys.org%2Fnews%2F2012-06-resets-date-earliest-animal-life.html&rft.atitle=Study+resets+date+of+earliest+animal+life+by+30+million+years&rft.date=2012-06-28&rft.au=University+of+Alberta"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;">MALOOF, Adam C.; ROSE, Catherine V.; BEACH, Robert, SAMUELS Bradley M., CALMET Claire C., ERWIN Douglas H., POIRIER Gerald R., YAO Nan, SIMONS Frederik J. Possible animal-body fossils in pre-Marinoan limestones from South Australia. S. 653–659. <i>Nature Geoscience</i> [online]. 17. srpen 2010. Svazek 3, čís. 9, s. 653–659. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/v3/n9/full/ngeo934.html">Dostupné online</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldcat.org/issn/1752-0908">1752-0908</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fngeo934">10.1038/ngeo934</a>. (anglicky)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=Nature+Geoscience&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fngeo934&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Fngeo%2Fjournal%2Fv3%2Fn9%2Ffull%2Fngeo934.html&rft.atitle=Possible+animal-body+fossils+in+pre-Marinoan+limestones+from+South+Australia&rft.date=2010&rft.chron=17. srpen&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=653%E2%80%93659&rft.issn=1752-0908&rft.aulast=Maloof&rft.aufirst=Adam+C.&rft.au=Rose%2C+Catherine+V.&rft.au=Beach%2C+Robert"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;">ZIMMER, Carl. Genetic Flip Helped Organisms Go From One Cell to Many. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> [online]. 2016-01-07 [cit. 2023-03-21]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/12/science/genetic-flip-helped-organisms-go-from-one-cell-to-many.html">Dostupné online</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. (anglicky)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=%5B%5BThe+New+York+Times%5D%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F01%2F12%2Fscience%2Fgenetic-flip-helped-organisms-go-from-one-cell-to-many.html&rft.atitle=Genetic+Flip+Helped+Organisms+Go+From+One+Cell+to+Many&rft.date=2016-01-07&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Zimmer&rft.aufirst=Carl"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;">University of Aberdeen. A world full of copper helped animals colonise the Earth. <i>phys.org</i> [online]. 2019-03-11 [cit. 2023-03-21]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://phys.org/news/2019-03-world-full-copper-animals-colonise.html">Dostupné online</a>. (anglicky)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=phys.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fphys.org%2Fnews%2F2019-03-world-full-copper-animals-colonise.html&rft.atitle=A+world+full+of+copper+helped+animals+colonise+the+Earth&rft.date=2019-03-11&rft.au=University+of+Aberdeen"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Vladim%C3%ADr_Socha" title="Vladimír Socha">SOCHA, Vladimír</a>. Nejdelší obratlovec všech dob?. <i>OSEL.cz</i> [online]. 15. listopadu 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osel.cz/10210-nejdelsi-obratlovec-vsech-dob.html">Dostupné online</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=OSEL.cz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.osel.cz%2F10210-nejdelsi-obratlovec-vsech-dob.html&rft.atitle=Nejdel%C5%A1%C3%AD+obratlovec+v%C5%A1ech+dob%3F&rft.date=2018&rft.chron=15. listopadu&rft.aulast=SOCHA&rft.aufirst=Vladim%C3%ADr"><span style="display:none"> </span></span> <span style="cursor:help;" data-lang="cs" title="Jazyk cíle odkazu: čeština">(česky)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zrzavý_2005-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Zrzavý_2005_10-0"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zrzavý_2005_10-1"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">b</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zrzavý_2005_10-2"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">c</sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jan_Zrzav%C3%BD_(biolog)" title="Jan Zrzavý (biolog)">ZRZAVÝ, Jan</a>. <i>Fylogeneze živočišné říše</i>. Ilustrace HOŠEK, Pavel. 1. vyd. Praha: Scientia, 2006. 255 s. (Biologie dnes). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scientia.cz/Produkty/Prirodni_vedy/Biologie/4582.aspx">Dostupné online</a>. <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Zdroje_knih/80-86960-08-0" title="Speciální:Zdroje knih/80-86960-08-0"><span class="ISBN">80-86960-08-0</span></a></span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitacemonografie&rft.btitle=Fylogeneze+%C5%BEivo%C4%8Di%C5%A1n%C3%A9+%C5%99%C3%AD%C5%A1e&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fscientia.cz%2FProdukty%2FPrirodni_vedy%2FBiologie%2F4582.aspx&rft.isbn=80-86960-08-0&rft.aulast=Zrzav%C3%BD&rft.aufirst=Jan&rft.place=Praha&rft.pub=Scientia&rft.date=2006&rft.edition=1&rft.tpages=255&rft.series=Biologie+dnes"><span style="display:none"> </span></span><sup>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedie:Ov%C4%9B%C5%99itelnost" title="Wikipedie:Ověřitelnost"><span class="doplnte-zdroj" title="Je potřeba vyhledat jiný zdroj namísto současného nedostupného zdroje">nedostupný zdroj</span></a>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dunn_2008-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Dunn_2008_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;">DUNN, Casey W., <i>et al. </i>. Broad phylogenomic sampling improves resolution of the animal tree of life. S. 745–749. <i><a href="/wiki/Nature" title="Nature">Nature</a></i> [online]. 5. březen 2008. Svazek 452, čís. 7188, s. 745–749. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v452/n7188/abs/nature06614.html">Dostupné online</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldcat.org/issn/1476-4687">1476-4687</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature06614">10.1038/nature06614</a>. (anglicky)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fnature06614&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Fnature%2Fjournal%2Fv452%2Fn7188%2Fabs%2Fnature06614.html&rft.atitle=Broad+phylogenomic+sampling+improves+resolution+of+the+animal+tree+of+life&rft.date=2008&rft.chron=5. b%C5%99ezen&rft.volume=452&rft.issue=7188&rft.pages=745%E2%80%93749&rft.issn=1476-4687&rft.aulast=Dunn&rft.aufirst=Casey+W."><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hejnol_2009-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Hejnol_2009_14-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;">HEJNOL, Andreas, <i>et al. </i>. Assessing the root of bilaterian animals with scalable phylogenomic methods. S. 4261–4270. <i>Proceedings of the Royal Society B</i> [online]. 16. září 2009. Svazek 276, čís. 1677, s. 4261–4270. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/early/2009/09/15/rspb.2009.0896.abstract">Dostupné online</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldcat.org/issn/1471-2954">1471-2954</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1098%2Frspb.2009.0896">10.1098/rspb.2009.0896</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19759036"><span class="PMID">19759036</span></a>. (anglicky)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Royal+Society+B&rft_id=info:doi/10.1098%2Frspb.2009.0896&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frspb.royalsocietypublishing.org%2Fcontent%2Fearly%2F2009%2F09%2F15%2Frspb.2009.0896.abstract&rft.atitle=Assessing+the+root+of+bilaterian+animals+with+scalable+phylogenomic+methods&rft.date=2009&rft.chron=16. z%C3%A1%C5%99%C3%AD&rft.volume=276&rft.issue=1677&rft.pages=4261%E2%80%934270&rft.issn=1471-2954&rft.aulast=Hejnol&rft.aufirst=Andreas"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Philippe_2009-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Philippe_2009_15-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;">PHILIPPE, Hervé, <i>et al. </i>. Phylogenomics Revives Traditional Views on Deep Animal Relationships. S. 706–712. <i>Current Biology</i> [online]. 2. duben 2009. Svazek 19, čís. 8, s. 706–712. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cell.com/current-biology/abstract/S0960-9822(09)00805-7">Dostupné online</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cub.2009.02.052">10.1016/j.cub.2009.02.052</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19345102"><span class="PMID">19345102</span></a>. (anglicky)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=Current+Biology&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.cub.2009.02.052&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fcurrent-biology%2Fabstract%2FS0960-9822%2809%2900805-7&rft.atitle=Phylogenomics+Revives+Traditional+Views+on+Deep+Animal+Relationships&rft.date=2009&rft.chron=2. duben&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=706%E2%80%93712&rft.aulast=Philippe&rft.aufirst=Herv%C3%A9"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pick_2012-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Pick_2012_16-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;">PICK, K. S.; PHILIPPE, H., <i>et al. </i>. Improved Phylogenomic Taxon Sampling Noticeably Affects Nonbilaterian Relationships. S. 1983–1987. <i>Molecular Biology and Evolution</i> [online]. 8. duben 2010. Svazek 27, čís. 9, s. 1983–1987. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mbe.oxfordjournals.org/content/27/9/1983">Dostupné online</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldcat.org/issn/1537-1719">1537-1719</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1093%2Fmolbev%2Fmsq089">10.1093/molbev/msq089</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20378579"><span class="PMID">20378579</span></a>. (anglicky)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Biology+and+Evolution&rft_id=info:doi/10.1093%2Fmolbev%2Fmsq089&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmbe.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcontent%2F27%2F9%2F1983&rft.atitle=Improved+Phylogenomic+Taxon+Sampling+Noticeably+Affects%0ANonbilaterian+Relationships&rft.date=2010&rft.chron=8. duben&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=1983%E2%80%931987&rft.issn=1537-1719&rft.aulast=Pick&rft.aufirst=K.+S.&rft.au=Philippe%2C+H."><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;">SCHIERWATER, Bernd, Michael Eitel, Wolfgang Jakob, Hans-Jürgen Osigus, Heike Hadrys, Stephen L. Dellaporta, Sergios-Orestis Kolokotronis, Rob DeSalle. Concatenated Analysis Sheds Light on Early Metazoan Evolution and Fuels a Modern “Urmetazoon” Hypothesis. <i>PLoS Biology</i>. January 2009, roč. 7, čís. 1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biology.plosjournals.org/archive/1545-7885/7/1/pdf/10.1371_journal.pbio.1000020-L.pdf">Dostupné online</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.1000020">10.1371/journal.pbio.1000020</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceperiodika&rft.jtitle=PLoS+Biology&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.1000020&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbiology.plosjournals.org%2Farchive%2F1545-7885%2F7%2F1%2Fpdf%2F10.1371_journal.pbio.1000020-L.pdf&rft.atitle=Concatenated+Analysis+Sheds+Light+on+Early+Metazoan+Evolution+and+Fuels+a+Modern+%E2%80%9CUrmetazoon%E2%80%9D+Hypothesis&rft.date=January+2009&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.aulast=Schierwater&rft.aufirst=Bernd"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ryan_2013-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Ryan_2013_18-0"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ryan_2013_18-1"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">b</sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;">RYAN, Joseph F., <i>et al. </i>. The Genome of the Ctenophore <i>Mnemiopsis leidyi</i> and Its Implications for Cell Type Evolution. S. 1–8. <i><a href="/wiki/Science" title="Science">Science</a></i> [online]. 13. prosinec 2013. Svazek 342, čís. 6164 :1242592, s. 1–8. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/342/6164/1242592">Dostupné online</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldcat.org/issn/1095-9203">1095-9203</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1242592">10.1126/science.1242592</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24337300"><span class="PMID">24337300</span></a>. (anglicky)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=Science&rft_id=info:doi/10.1126%2Fscience.1242592&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencemag.org%2Fcontent%2F342%2F6164%2F1242592&rft.atitle=The+Genome+of+the+Ctenophore+%27%27Mnemiopsis+leidyi%27%27+and+Its+Implications+for+Cell+Type+Evolution&rft.date=2013&rft.chron=13. prosinec&rft.volume=342&rft.issue=6164+%3A1242592&rft.pages=1%E2%80%938&rft.issn=1095-9203&rft.aulast=Ryan&rft.aufirst=Joseph+F."><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Moroz_2014-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Moroz_2014_19-0"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Moroz_2014_19-1"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">b</sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;">MOROZ, Leonid L., <i>et al.</i>. The ctenophore genome and the evolutionary origins of neural systems. S. 109–114. <i><a href="/wiki/Nature" title="Nature">Nature</a></i> [online]. 21. květen 2014. Svazek 510, čís. 7503, s. 109–114. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v510/n7503/full/nature13400.html">Dostupné online</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldcat.org/issn/1476-4687">1476-4687</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature13400">10.1038/nature13400</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24847885"><span class="PMID">24847885</span></a>. (anglicky)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fnature13400&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Fnature%2Fjournal%2Fv510%2Fn7503%2Ffull%2Fnature13400.html&rft.atitle=The+ctenophore+genome+and+the+evolutionary+origins+of+neural+systems&rft.date=2014&rft.chron=21. kv%C4%9Bten&rft.volume=510&rft.issue=7503&rft.pages=109%E2%80%93114&rft.issn=1476-4687&rft.aulast=Moroz&rft.aufirst=Leonid+L."><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Whelan_2015-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Whelan_2015_20-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;">WHELAN, Nathan V.; KOCOT, Kevin M.; MOROZ, Leonid L., HALANYCH, Kenneth M. Error, signal, and the placement of Ctenophora sister to all other animals. S. 5773–5778. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA (PNAS)</i> [online]. 20. duben 2015. Svazek 112, čís. 18, s. 5773–5778. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/112/18/5773.full">Dostupné online</a>. PDF <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/112/18/5773.full.pdf">[2]</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldcat.org/issn/1091-6490">1091-6490</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.1503453112">10.1073/pnas.1503453112</a>. (anglicky)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+USA+%28PNAS%29&rft_id=info:doi/10.1073%2Fpnas.1503453112&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pnas.org%2Fcontent%2F112%2F18%2F5773.full&rft.atitle=Error%2C+signal%2C+and+the+placement+of+Ctenophora+sister+to+all+other+animals&rft.date=2015&rft.chron=20. duben&rft.volume=112&rft.issue=18&rft.pages=5773%E2%80%935778&rft.issn=1091-6490&rft.aulast=Whelan&rft.aufirst=Nathan+V.&rft.au=Kocot%2C+Kevin+M.&rft.au=Moroz%2C+Leonid+L."><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Paps_2009-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Paps_2009_23-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;">PAPS, Jordi; BAGUÑÀ, Jaume; RIUTORT, Marta. Lophotrochozoa internal phylogeny: new insights from an up-to-date analysis of nuclear ribosomal genes. S. 1245–1254. <i>Proceedings of the Royal Society B</i> [online]. 24. únor 2009. Svazek 276, čís. 1660, s. 1245–1254. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/276/1660/1245">Dostupné online</a>. PDF <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/276/1660/1245.full-text.pdf">[3]</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldcat.org/issn/1471-2954">1471-2954</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1098%2Frspb.2008.1574">10.1098/rspb.2008.1574</a>. (anglicky)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Royal+Society+B&rft_id=info:doi/10.1098%2Frspb.2008.1574&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frspb.royalsocietypublishing.org%2Fcontent%2F276%2F1660%2F1245&rft.atitle=Lophotrochozoa+internal+phylogeny%3A+new+insights+from+an+up-to-date+analysis+of+nuclear+ribosomal+genes&rft.date=2009&rft.chron=24. %C3%BAnor&rft.volume=276&rft.issue=1660&rft.pages=1245%E2%80%931254&rft.issn=1471-2954&rft.aulast=Paps&rft.aufirst=Jordi&rft.au=Bagu%C3%B1%C3%A0%2C+Jaume&rft.au=Riutort%2C+Marta"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Struck_2014-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Struck_2014_24-0"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Struck_2014_24-1"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">b</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Struck_2014_24-2"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">c</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Struck_2014_24-3"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">d</sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;">STRUCK, Torsten H., <i>et al.</i>. Platyzoan Paraphyly Based on Phylogenomic Data Supports a Noncoelomate Ancestry of Spiralia. S. 1833–1849. <i>Molecular Biology and Evolution</i> [online]. 18. duben 2014. Svazek 31, čís. 7, s. 1833–1849. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mbe.oxfordjournals.org/content/31/7/1833.abstract">Dostupné online</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldcat.org/issn/1537-1719">1537-1719</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1093%2Fmolbev%2Fmsu143">10.1093/molbev/msu143</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24748651"><span class="PMID">24748651</span></a>. (anglicky)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Biology+and+Evolution&rft_id=info:doi/10.1093%2Fmolbev%2Fmsu143&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmbe.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcontent%2F31%2F7%2F1833.abstract&rft.atitle=Platyzoan+Paraphyly+Based+on+Phylogenomic+Data+Supports+a+Noncoelomate+Ancestry+of+Spiralia&rft.date=2014&rft.chron=18. duben&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=1833%E2%80%931849&rft.issn=1537-1719&rft.aulast=Struck&rft.aufirst=Torsten+H."><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bleidorn_2009-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Bleidorn_2009_26-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;">BLEIDORN, Christoph, <i>et al.</i>. On the phylogenetic position of Myzostomida: can 77 genes get it wrong?. <i>BMC Evolutionary Biology</i> [online]. 1. červenec 2009. Svazek 9, čís. 150. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/9/150">Dostupné online</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldcat.org/issn/1471-2148">1471-2148</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1186%2F1471-2148-9-150">10.1186/1471-2148-9-150</a>. (anglicky)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=BMC+Evolutionary+Biology&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2F1471-2148-9-150&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2148%2F9%2F150&rft.atitle=On+the+phylogenetic+position+of+Myzostomida%3A+can+77+genes+get+it+wrong%3F&rft.date=2009&rft.chron=1. %C4%8Dervenec&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=150&rft.issn=1471-2148&rft.aulast=Bleidorn&rft.aufirst=Christoph"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Golombek_2015-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Golombek_2015_29-0"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Golombek_2015_29-1"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">b</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Golombek_2015_29-2"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">c</sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;">GOLOMBEK, Anja; TOBERGTE, Sarah; STRUCK, Torsten H. Elucidating the phylogenetic position of Gnathostomulida and first mitochondrial genomes of Gnathostomulida, Gastrotricha and Polycladida (Platyhelminthes). S. 49–63. <i>Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution</i> [online]. 18. březen 2015. Svazek 86, s. 49–63. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1055790315000433">Dostupné online</a>. PDF <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://ac.els-cdn.com/S1055790315000433/1-s2.0-S1055790315000433-main.pdf">[4]</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldcat.org/issn/1055-7903">1055-7903</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ympev.2015.02.013">10.1016/j.ympev.2015.02.013</a>. (anglicky)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Phylogenetics+and+Evolution&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.ympev.2015.02.013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FS1055790315000433&rft.atitle=Elucidating+the+phylogenetic+position+of+Gnathostomulida+and+first+mitochondrial+genomes+of+Gnathostomulida%2C+Gastrotricha+and+Polycladida+%28Platyhelminthes%29&rft.date=2015&rft.chron=18. b%C5%99ezen&rft.volume=86&rft.pages=49%E2%80%9363&rft.issn=1055-7903&rft.aulast=Golombek&rft.aufirst=Anja&rft.au=Tobergte%2C+Sarah&rft.au=Struck%2C+Torsten+H."><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Struck_2011-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Struck_2011_31-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;">STRUCK, Torsten H.; PAUL, Christiane; HILL, Natascha, Stefanie Hartmann, Christoph Hösel, Michael Kube, Bernhard Lieb, Achim Meyer, Ralph Tiedemann, Günter Purschke Christoph Bleidorn. Phylogenomic analyses unravel annelid evolution. <i><a href="/wiki/Nature" title="Nature">Nature</a></i>. 2. březen 2011, svazek 471, s. 95–98. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature09864">10.1038/nature09864</a>. (anglicky)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceperiodika&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fnature09864&rft.atitle=Phylogenomic+analyses+unravel+annelid+evolution&rft.date=2011&rft.chron=2. b%C5%99ezen&rft.volume=471&rft.pages=95%E2%80%9398&rft.aulast=Struck&rft.aufirst=Torsten+H.&rft.au=Paul%2C+Christiane&rft.au=Hill%2C+Natascha"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Edgecombe_2011-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Edgecombe_2011_32-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;">EDGECOMBE, Gregory D., <i>et al</i>. Higher-level metazoan relationships: recent progress and remaining questions. S. 151–172. <i>Organisms Diversity & Evolution</i> [online]. 17. březen 2011. Svazek 11, čís. 2, s. 151–172. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs13127-011-0044-4#">Dostupné online</a>. PDF <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.brown.edu/Faculty/Dunn_Lab/assets/Edgecombe_etal_2011.pdf">[5]</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldcat.org/issn/1618-1077">1618-1077</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs13127-011-0044-4">10.1007/s13127-011-0044-4</a>. (anglicky)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=Organisms+Diversity+%26+Evolution&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs13127-011-0044-4&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Farticle%2F10.1007%252Fs13127-011-0044-4%23&rft.atitle=Higher-level+metazoan+relationships%3A+recent+progress+and+remaining+questions&rft.date=2011&rft.chron=17. b%C5%99ezen&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=151%E2%80%93172&rft.issn=1618-1077&rft.aulast=Edgecombe&rft.aufirst=Gregory+D."><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;">PHILIPPE, Hervé; BRINKMANN, Henner; COPLEY, Richard R., Leonid L. Moroz, Hiroaki Nakano, Albert J. Poustka, Andreas Wallberg, Kevin J. Peterson, Maximilian J. Telford. Acoelomorph flatworms are deuterostomes related to <i>Xenoturbella</i>. <i><a href="/wiki/Nature" title="Nature">Nature</a></i>. 10. únor 2011, svazek 470, s. 255–258. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature09676">10.1038/nature09676</a>. (anglicky)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceperiodika&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fnature09676&rft.atitle=Acoelomorph+flatworms+are+deuterostomes+related+to+%27%27Xenoturbella%27%27&rft.date=2011&rft.chron=10. %C3%BAnor&rft.volume=470&rft.pages=255%E2%80%93258&rft.aulast=Philippe&rft.aufirst=Herv%C3%A9&rft.au=Brinkmann%2C+Henner&rft.au=Copley%2C+Richard+R."><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;">University of Houston. Researchers find birds can theorize about the minds of others, even those they cannot see. <i>phys.org</i> [online]. 2016-02-02 [cit. 2023-03-21]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://phys.org/news/2016-02-birds-theorize-minds.html">Dostupné online</a>. (anglicky)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=phys.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fphys.org%2Fnews%2F2016-02-birds-theorize-minds.html&rft.atitle=Researchers+find+birds+can+theorize+about+the+minds+of+others%2C+even+those+they+cannot+see&rft.date=2016-02-02&rft.au=University+of+Houston"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;">MIHULKA, Stanislav. Co nám posvátné stromy šimpanzů říkají o evoluci náboženství?. <i>osel.cz</i> [online]. [cit. 2023-03-21]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osel.cz/8734-co-nam-posvatne-stromy-simpanzu-rikaji-o-evoluci-nabozenstvi.html">Dostupné online</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=osel.cz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.osel.cz%2F8734-co-nam-posvatne-stromy-simpanzu-rikaji-o-evoluci-nabozenstvi.html&rft.atitle=Co+n%C3%A1m+posv%C3%A1tn%C3%A9+stromy+%C5%A1impanz%C5%AF+%C5%99%C3%ADkaj%C3%AD+o%26nbsp%3Bevoluci+n%C3%A1bo%C5%BEenstv%C3%AD%3F&rft.aulast=Mihulka&rft.aufirst=Stanislav"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Zákon č. 449/2001 Sb. o myslivosti, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130729041240/http://portal.gov.cz/wps/portal/_s.155/701/.cmd/ad/.c/313/.ce/10821/.p/8411/_s.155/701?PC_8411_number1=449%2F2001&PC_8411_p=2&PC_8411_l=449%2F2001&PC_8411_ps=10#10821">§2, písm. b),c),d)</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatura">Literatura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%BDivo%C4%8Dichov%C3%A9&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Editace sekce: Literatura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%BDivo%C4%8Dichov%C3%A9&action=edit&section=11" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Literatura"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Jonathan Elphick a kolektiv: <i>Encyklopedie živočichů</i>, Slovart, Praha 2001, <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Zdroje_knih/80-7209-329-0" title="Speciální:Zdroje knih/80-7209-329-0"><span class="ISBN">80-7209-329-0</span></a></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Související_články"><span id="Souvisej.C3.ADc.C3.AD_.C4.8Dl.C3.A1nky"></span>Související články</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%BDivo%C4%8Dichov%C3%A9&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Editace sekce: Související články" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%BDivo%C4%8Dichov%C3%A9&action=edit&section=12" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Související články"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eukaryota" title="Eukaryota">Eukaryota</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externí_odkazy"><span id="Extern.C3.AD_odkazy"></span>Externí odkazy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%BDivo%C4%8Dichov%C3%A9&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Editace sekce: Externí odkazy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%BDivo%C4%8Dichov%C3%A9&action=edit&section=13" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Externí odkazy"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="wd"><span class="sisterproject sisterproject-commons"><span class="sisterproject_image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Logo Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></span> <span class="sisterproject_text">Obrázky, zvuky či videa k tématu <span class="sisterproject_text_target"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Animalia" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Animalia">živočichové</a></span> na <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></span></span><i> </i></li> <li><span class="sisterproject sisterproject-wikiquote"><span class="sisterproject_image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/13px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/20px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/27px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span> <span class="sisterproject_text"><span class="sisterproject_text_prefix">Téma </span><span class="sisterproject_text_target"><a href="https://cs.wikiquote.org/wiki/%C5%BDivo%C4%8Dich" class="extiw" title="q:Živočich">Živočich</a></span><span class="sisterproject_text_suffix"> ve Wikicitátech</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="sisterproject sisterproject-wiktionary"><span class="sisterproject_image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Wiktionary-logo-cs.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo-cs.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Wiktionary-logo-cs.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo-cs.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Wiktionary-logo-cs.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo-cs.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="411" data-file-height="411" /></span></span></span> <span class="sisterproject_text"><span class="sisterproject_text_prefix">Slovníkové heslo </span><span class="sisterproject_text_target"><a href="https://cs.wiktionary.org/wiki/%C5%BEivo%C4%8Dich" class="extiw" title="wikt:živočich">živočich</a></span><span class="sisterproject_text_suffix"> ve Wikislovníku</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="sisterproject sisterproject-wikispecies"><span class="sisterproject_image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/14px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/20px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/27px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></span></span></span> <span class="sisterproject_text"><span class="sisterproject_text_prefix">Taxon </span><span class="sisterproject_text_target"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Animalia" class="extiw" title="species:Animalia">Animalia</a></span><span class="sisterproject_text_suffix"> ve Wikidruzích</span></span></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23078045">.mw-parser-output .navbox2{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox2 .navbox2{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox2+.navbox2{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox2-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox2-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox2-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox2-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox2-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output th.navbox2-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox2,.mw-parser-output .navbox2-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox2-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox2-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox2-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox2-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox2-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox2 th,.mw-parser-output .navbox2-title{background-color:#e0e0e0}.mw-parser-output .navbox2-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output th.navbox2-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox2-subgroup .navbox2-title{background-color:#e7e7e7}.mw-parser-output .navbox2-subgroup .navbox2-title{font-size:88%}.mw-parser-output .navbox2-subgroup .navbox2-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox2-subgroup .navbox2-abovebelow{background-color:#f0f0f0}.mw-parser-output .navbox2-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox2-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox2 .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox2 .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox2 .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox2 td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox2 td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox2 td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}</style><div role="navigation" class="navbox2" aria-labelledby="Identifikátory_taxonu" style="padding:2px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox2-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Identifikátory_taxonu" scope="row" class="navbox2-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Identifikátory taxonu</th><td class="navbox2-list navbox2-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q729" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q729">Q729</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidruhy" title="Wikidruhy">Wikidruhy</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Animalia" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Animalia">Animalia</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Animal_Diversity_Web" title="Animal Diversity Web">ADW</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Animalia/">Animalia</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Faunal_Directory" title="Australian Faunal Directory">AFD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biodiversity.org.au/afd/taxa/Animalia">Animalia</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/1">1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Bayer_k%C3%B3d" title="Bayer kód">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/1ANIMK">1ANIMK</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Fauna_Europaea" title="Fauna Europaea">Fauna Europaea</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eu-nomen.eu/portal/taxon.php?GUID=urn:lsid:faunaeur.org:taxname:1">1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Fauna_Europaea" title="Fauna Europaea">Fauna Europaea (new)</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fauna-eu.org/cdm_dataportal/taxon/dada6f44-b7b5-4c0a-9f32-980f54b02c36">dada6f44-b7b5-4c0a-9f32-980f54b02c36</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Fossilworks" title="Fossilworks">Fossilworks</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/0/http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=325038">325038</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/1">1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/1">1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=202423">202423</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">NZOR: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzor.org.nz/names/f38e12bf-0be7-4f13-b739-e2bc1b763ae0">f38e12bf-0be7-4f13-b739-e2bc1b763ae0</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">uBio: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ubio.org/browser/details.php?namebankID=230572">230572</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Register_of_Marine_Species" title="World Register of Marine Species">WoRMS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=2">2</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/ZooBank" title="ZooBank">ZooBank</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zoobank.org/NomenclaturalActs/0EA9A33B-6B31-4551-B4E2-A772AAF96231">0EA9A33B-6B31-4551-B4E2-A772AAF96231</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23078045"><div role="navigation" class="navbox2" aria-labelledby="Autoritní_data_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Editovat_na_Wikidatech_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q729#identifiers&#124;Editovat_na_Wikidatech" style="padding:2px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox2-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Autoritní_data_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Editovat_na_Wikidatech_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q729#identifiers&#124;Editovat_na_Wikidatech" scope="row" class="navbox2-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autoritn%C3%AD_kontrola" title="Autoritní kontrola">Autoritní data</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q729#identifiers" title="Editovat na Wikidatech"><img alt="Editovat na Wikidatech" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox2-list navbox2-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_knihovna_%C4%8Cesk%C3%A9_republiky" title="Národní knihovna České republiky">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph136485">ph136485</a></span>, <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph205117">ph205117</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Polytematick%C3%BD_strukturovan%C3%BD_hesl%C3%A1%C5%99" title="Polytematický strukturovaný heslář">PSH</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://psh.techlib.cz/skos/PSH897">897</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Francouzsk%C3%A1_n%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_knihovna" title="Francouzská národní knihovna">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119328694">cb119328694</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119328694">(data)</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4060087-7">4060087-7</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85005249">sh85005249</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" title="National Archives and Records Administration">NARA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10637132">10637132</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_parlamentn%C3%AD_knihovna_Japonska" title="Národní parlamentní knihovna Japonska">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00561523">00561523</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_knihovna_Izraele" title="Národní knihovna Izraele">NLI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007294047505171">987007294047505171</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedie_isl%C3%A1mu" title="Encyklopedie islámu">TDVİA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/hayvan">hayvan</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16915398">.mw-parser-output div/**/#portallinks a{font-weight:bold}</style><div id="portallinks" class="catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Port%C3%A1l:Obsah" title="Portál:Obsah">Portály</a>: <a href="/wiki/Port%C3%A1l:%C5%BDivo%C4%8Dichov%C3%A9" title="Portál:Živočichové">Živočichové</a> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Citováno z „<a dir="ltr" href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Živočichové&oldid=24426479">https://cs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Živočichové&oldid=24426479</a>“</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1pov%C4%9Bda:Kategorie" title="Nápověda:Kategorie">Kategorie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:%C5%BDivo%C4%8Dichov%C3%A9" title="Kategorie:Živočichové">Živočichové</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Zoologie" title="Kategorie:Zoologie">Zoologie</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Opisthokonta" title="Kategorie:Opisthokonta">Opisthokonta</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Skryté kategorie: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:%C3%9Adr%C5%BEba:%C4%8Cl%C3%A1nky_obsahuj%C3%ADc%C3%AD_odkazy_na_nedostupn%C3%A9_zdroje" title="Kategorie:Údržba:Články obsahující odkazy na nedostupné zdroje">Údržba:Články obsahující odkazy na nedostupné zdroje</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:%C3%9Adr%C5%BEba:%C4%8Cl%C3%A1nky_k_%C4%8D%C3%A1ste%C4%8Dn%C3%A9_%C3%BAprav%C4%9B" title="Kategorie:Údržba:Články k částečné úpravě">Údržba:Články k částečné úpravě</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Monitoring:Wikidruhy_odpov%C3%ADdaj%C3%AD_Wikidat%C5%AFm" title="Kategorie:Monitoring:Wikidruhy odpovídají Wikidatům">Monitoring:Wikidruhy odpovídají Wikidatům</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:%C3%9Adr%C5%BEba:Taxonbary_bez_parametru_from" title="Kategorie:Údržba:Taxonbary bez parametru from">Údržba:Taxonbary bez parametru from</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Monitoring:%C4%8Cl%C3%A1nky_s_identifik%C3%A1torem_NKC" title="Kategorie:Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem NKC">Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem NKC</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Monitoring:%C4%8Cl%C3%A1nky_s_identifik%C3%A1torem_PSH" title="Kategorie:Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem PSH">Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem PSH</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Monitoring:%C4%8Cl%C3%A1nky_s_identifik%C3%A1torem_BNF" title="Kategorie:Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem BNF">Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem BNF</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Monitoring:%C4%8Cl%C3%A1nky_s_identifik%C3%A1torem_GND" title="Kategorie:Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem GND">Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem GND</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Monitoring:%C4%8Cl%C3%A1nky_s_identifik%C3%A1torem_LCCN" title="Kategorie:Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem LCCN">Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem LCCN</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Monitoring:%C4%8Cl%C3%A1nky_s_identifik%C3%A1torem_NARA" title="Kategorie:Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem NARA">Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem NARA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Monitoring:%C4%8Cl%C3%A1nky_s_identifik%C3%A1torem_NDL" title="Kategorie:Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem NDL">Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem NDL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Monitoring:%C4%8Cl%C3%A1nky_s_identifik%C3%A1torem_NLI" title="Kategorie:Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem NLI">Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem NLI</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Monitoring:%C4%8Cl%C3%A1nky_s_identifik%C3%A1torem_TDV%C4%B0A" title="Kategorie:Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem TDVİA">Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem TDVİA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Monitoring:1000_nejd%C5%AFle%C5%BEit%C4%9Bj%C5%A1%C3%ADch_%C4%8Dl%C3%A1nk%C5%AF/dlouh%C3%A9" title="Kategorie:Monitoring:1000 nejdůležitějších článků/dlouhé">Monitoring:1000 nejdůležitějších článků/dlouhé</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Stránka byla naposledy editována 26. 11. 2024 v 16:27.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text je dostupný pod <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.cs">licencí Creative Commons Uveďte původ – Zachovejte licenci</a>, případně za dalších podmínek. Podrobnosti naleznete na stránce <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Terms_of_Use/cs">Podmínky užití</a>.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Ochrana osobních údajů</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedie">O Wikipedii</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedie:Vylou%C4%8Den%C3%AD_odpov%C4%9Bdnosti">Vyloučení odpovědnosti</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedie:Kontakt">Kontaktujte Wikipedii</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Kodex chování</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Vývojáři</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/cs.wikipedia.org">Statistiky</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Prohlášení o cookies</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//cs.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C5%BDivo%C4%8Dichov%C3%A9&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobilní verze</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-fk4hx","wgBackendResponseTime":192,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.449","walltime":"0.599","ppvisitednodes":{"value":3767,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":92117,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":15233,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":20,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":23,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":59032,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":16,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 497.314 1 -total"," 32.71% 162.682 1 Šablona:Taxonbar"," 23.00% 114.363 1 Šablona:Taxobox"," 19.57% 97.307 1 Šablona:Infobox"," 6.75% 33.580 22 Šablona:Citace_elektronického_periodika"," 5.47% 27.220 2 Šablona:Obrázek_z_WD"," 5.35% 26.595 1 Šablona:WD_štítek"," 5.29% 26.305 1 Šablona:Autoritní_data"," 4.11% 20.421 1 Šablona:Commonscat"," 3.32% 16.535 1 Šablona:Různé_významy"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.213","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":6559853,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-z7sn8","timestamp":"20241130111835","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\u017divo\u010dichov\u00e9","url":"https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C5%BDivo%C4%8Dichov%C3%A9","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q729","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q729","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"P\u0159isp\u011bvatel\u00e9 projekt\u016f Wikimedia"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"nadace Wikimedia","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-02-03T20:56:50Z","dateModified":"2024-11-26T15:27:09Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/1\/14\/Animal_diversity.png","headline":"\u0159\u00ed\u0161e mnohobun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch heterotrofn\u00edch organism\u016f"}</script> </body> </html>