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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Incorporation and Human Life Amendment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Incorporation_and_Human_Life_Amendment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Schisms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Schisms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Schisms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Schisms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media_publicity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media_publicity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Media publicity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media_publicity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Silent_Scream" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Silent_Scream"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span><i>The Silent Scream</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Silent_Scream-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-NRLC_boycott_of_Hoechst_Marion_Roussel_and_Altace" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#NRLC_boycott_of_Hoechst_Marion_Roussel_and_Altace"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>NRLC boycott of Hoechst Marion Roussel and Altace</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-NRLC_boycott_of_Hoechst_Marion_Roussel_and_Altace-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Campaign_financing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Campaign_financing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Campaign financing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Campaign_financing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Model_legislation_strategy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Model_legislation_strategy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Model legislation strategy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Model_legislation_strategy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-In_cases_of_rape" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_cases_of_rape"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8.1</span> <span>In cases of rape</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_cases_of_rape-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Affiliates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Affiliates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Affiliates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Affiliates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Past_presidents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Past_presidents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Past presidents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Past_presidents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" 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i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"NRLC" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Regional_Learning_Center" title="Northwest Regional Learning Center">Northwest Regional Learning Center</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">National Right to Life Committee</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NRTLlogo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/NRTLlogo.svg/250px-NRTLlogo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/NRTLlogo.svg/375px-NRTLlogo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/NRTLlogo.svg/500px-NRTLlogo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="116" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data note">April 1, 1968<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1968-04-01</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Conference_of_Catholic_Bishops" title="United States Conference of Catholic Bishops">National Conference of Catholic Bishops</a><sup id="cite_ref-christianlifeandliberty.net_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-christianlifeandliberty.net-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Taxpayer_Identification_Number" title="Taxpayer Identification Number">Tax ID no.</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">EIN 52-0986195</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Washington,_DC" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington, DC">Washington, DC</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Members </div></th><td class="infobox-data">7 million<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Carol Tobias, President<br /><a href="/wiki/James_Bopp" title="James Bopp">James Bopp, Jr, General Council</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Revenue </div></th><td class="infobox-data">$5,717,028 (2012–2013)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Expenses</th><td class="infobox-data">$6,288,548 (2012–2013)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nrlc.org">nrlc.org</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <style 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.hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks plainlist" style="width:16.0em"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-top-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/25px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/38px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/50px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="815" data-file-height="1105" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Catholic_Church_and_abortion" title="Category:Catholic Church and abortion">a series</a> of articles on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_abortion" title="Catholic Church and abortion">Abortion<br />and the Catholic Church</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">Official opposition</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canon_915" title="Canon 915">Canon 915</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eucharist_denial_to_Catholic_politicians_over_abortion" title="Eucharist denial to Catholic politicians over abortion">Eucharist denial or excommunication</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_1397_%C2%A72" title="Canon 1397 §2">Canon 1397 §2</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Evangelium_vitae" title="Evangelium vitae">Evangelium vitae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Humanae_vitae" title="Humanae vitae">Humanae vitae</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_abortion_politics" title="Catholic Church and abortion politics">In politics</a></li></ul> </div><br /> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">Philosophy and <a href="/wiki/Catholic_moral_theology" title="Catholic moral theology">theology</a></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consistent_life_ethic" title="Consistent life ethic">Consistent life ethic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_life" title="Culture of life">Culture of life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanctity_of_life" title="Sanctity of life">Sanctity of life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ensoulment#Catholic_Church" title="Ensoulment">Ensoulment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principle_of_double_effect" title="Principle of double effect">Double effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indirect_abortion" title="Indirect abortion">Indirect abortion</a></li></ul> </div><br /> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Christian_thought_on_abortion" title="History of Christian thought on abortion">History</a></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gianna_Beretta_Molla" title="Gianna Beretta Molla">Gianna Beretta Molla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excommunication_of_Margaret_McBride" title="Excommunication of Margaret McBride">Margaret McBride excommunication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Brazilian_girl_abortion_case" title="2009 Brazilian girl abortion case">2009 Brazilian girl abortion case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Savita_Halappanavar" title="Death of Savita Halappanavar">Death of Savita Halappanavar</a></li></ul> </div><br /> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">Activism</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li>March for Life <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_for_Life_and_Family" title="March for Life and Family">Life and Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_for_Life_(Paris)" title="March for Life (Paris)">Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_for_Life_(Prague)" title="March for Life (Prague)">Prague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_for_Life_(Washington,_D.C.)#Catholic_events" title="March for Life (Washington, D.C.)">Washington, D.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walk_for_Life_West_Coast" title="Walk for Life West Coast">West Coast</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priests_for_Life" title="Priests for Life">Priests for Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisters_of_Life" title="Sisters of Life">Sisters of Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_activity_of_the_Knights_of_Columbus" title="Political activity of the Knights of Columbus">Knights of Columbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Answers" title="Catholic Answers">Catholic Answers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CatholicVote.org" title="CatholicVote.org">CatholicVote.org</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Life_League" title="American Life League">American Life League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Family_and_Human_Rights" title="Center for Family and Human Rights">Center for Family and Human Rights</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">National Right to Life Committee</a></li></ul> </div><br /> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">Dissidence</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholics_for_Choice" title="Catholics for Choice">Catholics for Choice</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Catholic_Statement_on_Pluralism_and_Abortion" title="A Catholic Statement on Pluralism and Abortion">A Catholic Statement on Pluralism and Abortion</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div><br /> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">See also</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_abortion" title="Christianity and abortion">Other Christian views</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_and_the_Catholic_Church_in_the_United_States" title="Abortion and the Catholic Church in the United States">In the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion#History_and_religion" title="Abortion">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_law" title="Abortion law">Abortion law</a></li></ul> </div> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, 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.mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="border: 4px double #B0161E; border-spacing:0.2em 0;color: var(--color-base, #000);"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">This article is part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Conservatism in the United States">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#B0161E; padding-top:0.25em; font-size:160%; font-weight:normal; color:white; line-height:1em"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Conservatism in the United States"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFF">Conservatism<br />in the United States</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg/90px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg/135px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg/180px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="451" data-file-height="476" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Schools</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Compassionate_conservatism" title="Compassionate conservatism">Compassionate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiscal_conservatism" title="Fiscal conservatism">Fiscal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fusionism" title="Fusionism">Fusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_conservatism#Relation_to_American_conservatism" title="Liberal conservatism">Liberal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_conservatism" title="Libertarian conservatism">Libertarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moderate_conservatism" title="Moderate conservatism">Moderate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_conservatism" title="Movement conservatism">Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoconservatism" title="Neoconservatism">Neo-</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleoconservatism" title="Paleoconservatism">Paleo-</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postliberalism" title="Postliberalism">Postliberal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populism#United_States" title="Right-wing populism">Populist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_conservatism" title="Progressive conservatism">Progressive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Social conservatism in the United States">Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straussianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Straussianism">Straussian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Traditionalist conservatism in the United States">Traditionalist</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Principles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_exceptionalism" title="American exceptionalism">American exceptionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_nationalism" title="American nationalism">American nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communism" title="Anti-communism">Anti-communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_nationalism#United_States" title="Christian nationalism">Christian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_civil_religion" title="American civil religion">Civil religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_liberalism" title="Classical liberalism">Classical liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communitarianism" title="Communitarianism">Communitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutionalism_in_the_United_States" title="Constitutionalism in the United States">Constitutionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_life" title="Culture of life">Culture of life</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_anti-abortion_movement" title="United States anti-abortion movement">Pro-life</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Familialism#United_States" title="Familialism">Familialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_values" title="Family values">Family values</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalism_in_the_United_States" title="Federalism in the United States">Federalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/States%27_rights" title="States' rights">States' rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_essentialism" title="Gender essentialism">Gender essentialism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Complementarianism" title="Complementarianism">Complementarianism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Christian_ethics" title="Judeo-Christian ethics">Judeo-Christian values</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualism" title="Individualism">Individualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_and_order_(politics)" title="Law and order (politics)">Law and order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limited_government" title="Limited government">Limited government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meritocracy" title="Meritocracy">Meritocracy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Natural_aristocracy" title="Natural aristocracy">Natural aristocracy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_militarism" title="United States militarism">Militarism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peace_through_strength" title="Peace through strength">Peace through strength</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moral_absolutism" title="Moral absolutism">Moral absolutism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_law" title="Natural law">Natural law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordered_liberty" title="Ordered liberty">Ordered liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Americanism_(ideology)" title="Americanism (ideology)">Patriotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_property" title="Right to property">Property rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_the_United_States" title="Republicanism in the United States">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_keep_and_bear_arms_in_the_United_States" title="Right to keep and bear arms in the United States">Right to bear arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_of_law" title="Rule of law">Rule of law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supply-side_economics" title="Supply-side economics">Supply-side economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tradition" title="Tradition">Tradition</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Loyalist_(American_Revolution)" title="Loyalist (American Revolution)">Loyalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solid_South" title="Solid South">Solid South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_humanism_(literature)" title="New humanism (literature)">New Humanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Agrarians" title="Southern Agrarians">Southern Agrarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Right_(United_States)" title="Old Right (United States)">Old Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Manifesto" title="Conservative Manifesto">Conservative Manifesto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_coalition" title="Conservative coalition">Conservative coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/America_First_Committee" title="America First Committee">America First Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McCarthyism" title="McCarthyism">McCarthyism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Goldwater_1964_presidential_campaign" title="Barry Goldwater 1964 presidential campaign">Goldwater campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Right#United_States" title="New Right">New Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reagan_era" title="Reagan era">Reagan era</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reagan_Doctrine" title="Reagan Doctrine">Reagan Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reaganomics" title="Reaganomics">Reaganomics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoconservatism_and_paleoconservatism" title="Neoconservatism and paleoconservatism">Neo- vs. paleoconservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redeemers" title="Redeemers">Redeemers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Revolution" title="Republican Revolution">Republican Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_Party_movement" title="Tea Party movement">Tea Party movement</a></li> <li>Trump era <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidency of Donald Trump">First term</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="Second presidency of Donald Trump">Second term</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Intellectuals</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Adams" title="Henry Adams">Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Anton" title="Michael Anton">Anton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irving_Babbitt" title="Irving Babbitt">Babbitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Bacevich" title="Andrew Bacevich">Bacevich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Bell" title="Daniel Bell">Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saul_Bellow" title="Saul Bellow">Bellow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_L._Berger" title="Peter L. Berger">Berger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_Bloom" title="Allan Bloom">Bloom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_J._Boorstin" title="Daniel J. Boorstin">Boorstin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._Buckley_Jr." title="William F. Buckley Jr.">Buckley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Burnham" title="James Burnham">Burnham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Calhoun" title="John C. Calhoun">Calhoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Carl" title="Jeremy Carl">Carl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whittaker_Chambers" title="Whittaker Chambers">Chambers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Conquest" title="Robert Conquest">Conquest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Deneen" title="Patrick Deneen">Deneen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Eastman" title="Max Eastman">Eastman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._S._Eliot" title="T. S. Eliot">Eliot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Francis_(writer)" title="Sam Francis (writer)">Francis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Genovese" title="Eugene Genovese">Genovese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Gottfried" title="Paul Gottfried">Gottfried</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Davis_Hanson" title="Victor Davis Hanson">Hanson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoram_Hazony" title="Yoram Hazony">Hazony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Himmelfarb" title="Gertrude Himmelfarb">Himmelfarb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Hermann_Hoppe" title="Hans-Hermann Hoppe">Hoppe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zora_Neale_Hurston" title="Zora Neale Hurston">Hurston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_V._Jaffa" title="Harry V. Jaffa">Jaffa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willmoore_Kendall" title="Willmoore Kendall">Kendall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Kimball" title="Roger Kimball">Kimball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Kirk" title="Russell Kirk">Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeane_Kirkpatrick" title="Jeane Kirkpatrick">Kirkpatrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kreeft" title="Peter Kreeft">Kreeft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irving_Kristol" title="Irving Kristol">Kristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_von_Kuehnelt-Leddihn" title="Erik von Kuehnelt-Leddihn">Kuehnelt-Leddihn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyle_H._Lanier" title="Lyle H. Lanier">Lanier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Lasch" title="Christopher Lasch">Lasch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Lind" title="Michael Lind">Lind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._P._Lovecraft" title="H. P. Lovecraft">Lovecraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Loury" title="Glenn Loury">Loury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lukacs" title="John Lukacs">Lukacs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Mansfield" title="Harvey Mansfield">Mansfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._L._Mencken" title="H. L. Mencken">Mencken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Meyer_(political_philosopher)" title="Frank Meyer (political philosopher)">Meyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Molnar" title="Thomas Molnar">Molnar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Murray_(political_scientist)" title="Charles Murray (political scientist)">Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Nisbet" title="Robert Nisbet">Nisbet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Crowe_Ransom" title="John Crowe Ransom">Ransom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Rieff" title="Philip Rieff">Rieff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Santayana" title="George Santayana">Santayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Schaeffer" title="Francis Schaeffer">Schaeffer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sowell" title="Thomas Sowell">Sowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Strauss" title="Leo Strauss">Strauss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Viereck" title="Peter Viereck">Viereck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Voegelin" title="Eric Voegelin">Voegelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Booker_T._Washington" title="Booker T. Washington">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_M._Weaver" title="Richard M. Weaver">Weaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Weyl" title="Nathaniel Weyl">Weyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Wolfe" title="Tom Wolfe">Wolfe</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Politicians</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">Adams (John)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">Adams (John Quincy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bolton" title="John Bolton">Bolton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Buchanan_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="James Buchanan Jr.">Buchanan (James)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Buchanan" title="Pat Buchanan">Buchanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">Bush (George H. W.)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">Bush (George W.)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Calhoun" title="John C. Calhoun">Calhoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Cheney" title="Dick Cheney">Cheney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">Clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge">Coolidge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Cotton" title="Tom Cotton">Cotton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Cruz" title="Ted Cruz">Cruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_DeSantis" title="Ron DeSantis">DeSantis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everett_Dirksen" title="Everett Dirksen">Dirksen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich">Gingrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Goldwater" title="Barry Goldwater">Goldwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton" title="Alexander Hamilton">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_G._Harding" title="Warren G. Harding">Harding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josh_Hawley" title="Josh Hawley">Hawley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Helms" title="Jesse Helms">Helms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hoover" title="Herbert Hoover">Hoover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Jordan" title="Jim Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Cabot_Lodge" title="Henry Cabot Lodge">Lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clare_Boothe_Luce" title="Clare Boothe Luce">Luce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">McCain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_McCarthy" title="Joseph McCarthy">McCarthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitch_McConnell" title="Mitch McConnell">McConnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_McKinley" title="William McKinley">McKinley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Nixon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Palin" title="Sarah Palin">Palin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rand_Paul" title="Rand Paul">Paul (Rand)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Paul" title="Ron Paul">Paul (Ron)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Pence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Pierce" title="Franklin Pierce">Pierce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Randolph_of_Roanoke" title="John Randolph of Roanoke">Randolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Reagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney" title="Mitt Romney">Romney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Rubio" title="Marco Rubio">Rubio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld" title="Donald Rumsfeld">Rumsfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Ryan" title="Paul Ryan">Ryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Huckabee_Sanders" title="Sarah Huckabee Sanders">Sanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Santorum" title="Rick Santorum">Santorum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sherman" title="John Sherman">Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Taft" title="Robert A. Taft">Taft (Robert)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">Taft (William)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Taylor_of_Caroline" title="John Taylor of Caroline">Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strom_Thurmond" title="Strom Thurmond">Thurmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Trump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JD_Vance" title="JD Vance">Vance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Wallace" title="George Wallace">Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">Washington (George)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Wolfowitz" title="Paul Wolfowitz">Wolfowitz</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Jurists</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Alito" title="Samuel Alito">Alito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amy_Coney_Barrett" title="Amy Coney Barrett">Barrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bork" title="Robert Bork">Bork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_E._Burger" title="Warren E. Burger">Burger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Colson" title="Charles Colson">Colson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_T._Frelinghuysen" title="Frederick T. Frelinghuysen">Frelinghuysen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_P._George" title="Robert P. George">George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Goldsmith" title="Jack Goldsmith">Goldsmith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Gorsuch" title="Neil Gorsuch">Gorsuch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lino_Graglia" title="Lino Graglia">Graglia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Marshall_Harlan_II" title="John Marshall Harlan II">Harlan II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brett_Kavanaugh" title="Brett Kavanaugh">Kavanaugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Kennedy" title="Anthony Kennedy">Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Michael_Luttig" title="J. Michael Luttig">Luttig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Meese" title="Edwin Meese">Meese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Day_O%27Connor" title="Sandra Day O'Connor">O'Connor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alton_B._Parker" title="Alton B. Parker">Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Rehnquist" title="William Rehnquist">Rehnquist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Roberts" title="John Roberts">Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Terry_Sanford" title="Edward Terry Sanford">Sanford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonin_Scalia" title="Antonin Scalia">Scalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Sessions" title="Jeff Sessions">Sessions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Sutherland" title="George Sutherland">Sutherland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">Taft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Thomas" title="Clarence Thomas">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrian_Vermeule" title="Adrian Vermeule">Vermeule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Evans_Whittaker" title="Charles Evans Whittaker">Whittaker</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Commentators</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sohrab_Ahmari" title="Sohrab Ahmari">Ahmari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Beck" title="Glenn Beck">Beck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Bongino" title="Dan Bongino">Bongino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Breitbart" title="Andrew Breitbart">Breitbart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Buchanan" title="Pat Buchanan">Buchanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._Buckley_Jr." title="William F. Buckley Jr.">Buckley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Caldwell_(journalist)" title="Christopher Caldwell (journalist)">Caldwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tucker_Carlson" title="Tucker Carlson">Carlson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oren_Cass" title="Oren Cass">Cass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Chodorov" title="Frank Chodorov">Chodorov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Coulter" title="Ann Coulter">Coulter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinesh_D%27Souza" title="Dinesh D'Souza">D'Souza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Derbyshire" title="John Derbyshire">Derbyshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_DiLorenzo" title="Thomas DiLorenzo">DiLorenzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross_Douthat" title="Ross Douthat">Douthat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rod_Dreher" title="Rod Dreher">Dreher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Elder" title="Larry Elder">Elder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Fleming_(political_writer)" title="Thomas Fleming (political writer)">Fleming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonah_Goldberg" title="Jonah Goldberg">Goldberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Grant_(radio_host)" title="Bob Grant (radio host)">Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alyssa_Farah_Griffin" title="Alyssa Farah Griffin">Griffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_van_den_Haag" title="Ernest van den Haag">Van den Haag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Hannity" title="Sean Hannity">Hannity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Hart" title="Jeffrey Hart">Hart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pete_Hegseth" title="Pete Hegseth">Hegseth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Will_Herberg" title="Will Herberg">Herberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Hoover" title="Margaret Hoover">Hoover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laura_Ingraham" title="Laura Ingraham">Ingraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Jones" title="Alex Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megyn_Kelly" title="Megyn Kelly">Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Kirk" title="Charlie Kirk">Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Knowles_(political_commentator)" title="Michael Knowles (political commentator)">Knowles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Krauthammer" title="Charles Krauthammer">Krauthammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomi_Lahren" title="Tomi Lahren">Lahren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Levin" title="Mark Levin">Levin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rush_Limbaugh" title="Rush Limbaugh">Limbaugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heather_Mac_Donald" title="Heather Mac Donald">Mac Donald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Metaxas" title="Eric Metaxas">Metaxas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_John_Neuhaus" title="Richard John Neuhaus">Neuhaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andy_Ngo" title="Andy Ngo">Ngo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_North" title="Oliver North">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Novak" title="Robert Novak">Novak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_O%27Reilly_(political_commentator)" title="Bill O'Reilly (political commentator)">O'Reilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candace_Owens" title="Candace Owens">Owens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Podhoretz" title="Norman Podhoretz">Podhoretz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Pool" title="Tim Pool">Pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Portnoy" title="David Portnoy">Portnoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Prager" title="Dennis Prager">Prager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Robertson" title="Pat Robertson">Robertson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Shapiro" title="Ben Shapiro">Shapiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amity_Shlaes" title="Amity Shlaes">Shlaes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Sullivan" title="Andrew Sullivan">Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Walsh_(political_commentator)" title="Matt Walsh (political commentator)">Walsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Watters" title="Jesse Watters">Watters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Whittle" title="Bill Whittle">Whittle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Will" title="George Will">Will</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucian_Wintrich" title="Lucian Wintrich">Wintrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Woods" title="Tom Woods">Woods</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Activists</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Agostinelli" title="Robert Agostinelli">Agostinelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Ahmanson_Jr." title="Howard Ahmanson Jr.">Ahmanson Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Andreessen" class="mw-redirect" title="Mark Andreessen">Andreessen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Atwater" title="Lee Atwater">Atwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Bannon" title="Steve Bannon">Bannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaitlin_Bennett" title="Kaitlin Bennett">Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuri_Bezmenov" title="Yuri Bezmenov">Bezmenov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._Brent_Bozell_Jr." title="L. Brent Bozell Jr.">Bozell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Cohn" title="Roy Cohn">Cohn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Coors" title="Joseph Coors">Coors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Dans" title="Paul Dans">Dans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Dobson" title="James Dobson">Dobson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Drudge" title="Matt Drudge">Drudge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Falwell" title="Jerry Falwell">Falwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Feulner" title="Edwin Feulner">Feulner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigitte_Gabriel" title="Brigitte Gabriel">Gabriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Horowitz" title="David Horowitz">Horowitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Krikorian_(activist)" title="Mark Krikorian (activist)">Krikorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Kirk" title="Charlie Kirk">Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Kristol" title="Bill Kristol">Kristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beverly_LaHaye" title="Beverly LaHaye">LaHaye (Beverly)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_LaHaye" title="Tim LaHaye">LaHaye (Tim)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lindbergh" title="Charles Lindbergh">Lindbergh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Leo" title="Leonard Leo">Leo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McEntee_(political_aide)" title="John McEntee (political aide)">McEntee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Mellon_Scaife" title="Richard Mellon Scaife">Mellon Scaife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Mercer" title="Robert Mercer">Mercer (father)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebekah_Mercer" title="Rebekah Mercer">Mercer (daughter)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Miller_(political_advisor)" title="Stephen Miller (political advisor)">Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rupert_Murdoch" title="Rupert Murdoch">Murdoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk">Musk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_O%27Keefe" title="James O'Keefe">O'Keefe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeonmi_Park" title="Yeonmi Park">Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Phillips_(activist)" title="Howard Phillips (activist)">Phillips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Prager" title="Dennis Prager">Prager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Reed" title="Ralph Reed">Reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Regnery" title="Henry Regnery">Regnery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Roberts_(political_strategist)" title="Kevin Roberts (political strategist)">Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Rove" title="Karl Rove">Rove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Rufo" title="Christopher Rufo">Rufo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_A._Rusher" title="William A. Rusher">Rusher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Schlafly" title="Andrew Schlafly">Schlafly (Andrew)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phyllis_Schlafly" title="Phyllis Schlafly">Schlafly (Phyllis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Stone" title="Roger Stone">Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robby_Starbuck" title="Robby Starbuck">Starbuck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Thiel" title="Peter Thiel">Thiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Viguerie" title="Richard Viguerie">Viguerie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginni_Thomas" title="Ginni Thomas">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Booker_T._Washington" title="Booker T. Washington">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Weyrich" title="Paul Weyrich">Weyrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Wood" title="Robert E. Wood">Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Yenor" title="Scott Yenor">Yenor</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Literature</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Federalist_Papers" title="The Federalist Papers">The Federalist Papers</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1788)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_America" title="Democracy in America">Democracy in America</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1835–1840)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Democracy_and_Leadership" title="Democracy and Leadership">Democracy and Leadership</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1924)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Notes_on_Democracy" title="Notes on Democracy">Notes on Democracy</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1926)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Southern_Agrarians#I'll_Take_My_Stand" title="Southern Agrarians">I'll Take My Stand</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1930)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Our_Enemy,_the_State" title="Our Enemy, the State">Our Enemy, the State</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1935)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Managerial_Revolution" title="The Managerial Revolution">The Managerial Revolution</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1941)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ideas_Have_Consequences" title="Ideas Have Consequences">Ideas Have Consequences</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1948)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/God_and_Man_at_Yale" title="God and Man at Yale">God and Man at Yale</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1951)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Conservative_Mind" title="The Conservative Mind">The Conservative Mind</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1953)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Conscience_of_a_Conservative" title="The Conscience of a Conservative">The Conscience of a Conservative</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1960)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Choice_Not_an_Echo" title="A Choice Not an Echo">A Choice Not an Echo</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1964)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Losing_Ground:_American_Social_Policy,_1950%E2%80%931980" class="mw-redirect" title="Losing Ground: American Social Policy, 1950–1980">Losing Ground</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1984)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Conflict_of_Visions" title="A Conflict of Visions">A Conflict of Visions</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1987)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Closing_of_the_American_Mind" title="The Closing of the American Mind">The Closing of the American Mind</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1987)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Bell_Curve:_Intelligence_and_Class_Structure_in_American_Life" class="mw-redirect" title="The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life">The Bell Curve</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1994)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Revolt_of_the_Elites" title="The Revolt of the Elites">The Revolt of the Elites</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1995)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Death_of_the_West" title="The Death of the West">The Death of the West</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2001)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Blank_Slate" title="The Blank Slate">The Blank Slate</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2002)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Black_Rednecks_and_White_Liberals" title="Black Rednecks and White Liberals">Black Rednecks and White Liberals</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2005)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hillbilly_Elegy" title="Hillbilly Elegy">Hillbilly Elegy</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2017)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Benedict_Option" title="The Benedict Option">The Benedict Option</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2017)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Why_Liberalism_Failed" title="Why Liberalism Failed">Why Liberalism Failed</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2018)</span></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Concerns</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_the_United_States" title="Abortion in the United States">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cancel_culture#American_public_opinion" title="Cancel culture">Cancel Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_war#United_States" title="Culture war">Culture war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_multiculturalism#United_States" title="Criticism of multiculturalism">Multiculturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disparate_impact#Controversy" title="Disparate impact">"Disparate impact" controversy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020s_controversies_around_critical_race_theory" title="2020s controversies around critical race theory">CRT controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diversity,_equity,_and_inclusion#Criticism_and_controversy" title="Diversity, equity, and inclusion">DEI controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griggs_v._Duke_Power_Co." title="Griggs v. Duke Power Co.">Griggs v. Duke Power Co.</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_bubble_in_the_United_States" title="Higher education bubble in the United States">Higher ed. bubble</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Go_woke,_go_broke" title="Go woke, go broke">Go woke, go broke</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental,_social,_and_governance#Criticism" title="Environmental, social, and governance">ESG</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Corporate_sociopolitical_activism#Counter-movement" title="Corporate sociopolitical activism">Woke capitalism</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeschooling#United_States" title="Homeschooling">Homeschooling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_reduction_in_the_United_States" title="Immigration reduction in the United States">Immigration reduction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Illegal immigration to the United States">Illegal immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigration_to_the_United_States_and_crime" title="Illegal immigration to the United States and crime">Immigration and crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border_crisis" title="Mexico–United States border crisis">Border crisis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligence_and_public_policy" title="Intelligence and public policy">Intelligence and public policy</a></li> <li>Constitutional interpretations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Originalism" title="Originalism">Originalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textualism" title="Textualism">Textualism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Managerial_state" title="Managerial state">Managerial state</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mudsill_theory" title="Mudsill theory">Mudsill theory</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_keep_and_bear_arms_in_the_United_States" title="Right to keep and bear arms in the United States">Second Amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sub-replacement_fertility#United_States" title="Sub-replacement fertility">Sub-replacement fertility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitary_executive_theory" title="Unitary executive theory">Unitary executive</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Parties</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><b>Active</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Party_(1969)" title="American Party (1969)">American Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Independent_Party" title="American Independent Party">American Independent Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_New_York_State" title="Conservative Party of New York State">Conservative Party of New York State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Party_(United_States)" title="Constitution Party (United States)">Constitution Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a></li></ul> <p><b>Defunct</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Masonic_Party" title="Anti-Masonic Party">Anti-Masonic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Union_Party_(United_States)" title="Constitutional Union Party (United States)">Constitutional Union Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a> (<i>historically, factions</i>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boll_weevil_(politics)" title="Boll weevil (politics)">Boll weevils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Democrat" title="Conservative Democrat">Conservative Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dixiecrat" title="Dixiecrat">Dixiecrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reagan_Democrats" class="mw-redirect" title="Reagan Democrats">Reagan Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Democrat" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Democrat">Southern Democrats</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorr_Rebellion" title="Dorr Rebellion">Rhode Island Suffrage Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Party" title="Federalist Party">Federalist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Republican_Party" title="National Republican Party">National Republican Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Native American Party">Native American Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States)" title="Whig Party (United States)">Whig Party</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Think tanks</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acton_Institute" title="Acton Institute">Acton Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexis_de_Tocqueville_Institution" title="Alexis de Tocqueville Institution">AdTI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Enterprise_Institute" title="American Enterprise Institute">AEI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Security_Policy" title="Center for Security Policy">CSP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_the_National_Interest" title="Center for the National Interest">Center for the National Interest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claremont_Institute" title="Claremont Institute">Claremont Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Competitive_Enterprise_Institute" title="Competitive Enterprise Institute">CEI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Horowitz_Freedom_Center" title="David Horowitz Freedom Center">CSPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethics_and_Public_Policy_Center" title="Ethics and Public Policy Center">EPPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_Research_Institute" title="Family Research Institute">FRI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gatestone_Institute" title="Gatestone Institute">Gatestone Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heartland_Institute" title="Heartland Institute">Heartland Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Heritage_Foundation" title="The Heritage Foundation">The Heritage Foundation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_Action" title="Heritage Action">Heritage Action</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mandate_for_Leadership" title="Mandate for Leadership">Mandate for Leadership</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_2025" title="Project 2025">Project 2025</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoover_Institution" title="Hoover Institution">Hoover Institution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_Institute" title="Hudson Institute">Hudson Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercollegiate_Studies_Institute" title="Intercollegiate Studies Institute">ISI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Madison_Program_in_American_Ideals_and_Institutions" title="James Madison Program in American Ideals and Institutions">James Madison Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leadership_Institute" title="Leadership Institute">Leadership Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Institute_for_Policy_Research" title="Manhattan Institute for Policy Research">Manhattan Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mises_Institute" title="Mises Institute">Mises Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Research_Institute" title="Pacific Research Institute">PRI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_for_the_New_American_Century" title="Project for the New American Century">Project for the New American Century</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Defunct)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ripon_Society" title="Ripon Society">Ripon Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R_Street_Institute" title="R Street Institute">R Street Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockford_Institute" title="Rockford Institute">Rockford Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Policy_Network" title="State Policy Network">SPN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutherland_Institute" title="Sutherland Institute">Sutherland Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax_Foundation" title="Tax Foundation">Tax Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witherspoon_Institute" title="Witherspoon Institute">Witherspoon Institute</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Media</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <p><b>Newspapers</b> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dallas_Morning_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Dallas Morning News">Dallas Morning News</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Epoch_Times" title="The Epoch Times">The Epoch Times</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_Union_Leader" title="New Hampshire Union Leader">New Hampshire Union Leader</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Voice" title="The Jewish Voice">The Jewish Voice</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Observer" title="The New York Observer">The New York Observer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Post" title="New York Post">New York Post</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Remnant_(newspaper)" title="The Remnant (newspaper)">The Remnant</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Editorial_board_at_The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="Editorial board at The Wall Street Journal">(editorial board)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Times" title="The Washington Times">The Washington Times</a></i></li></ul> <p><b>Journals</b> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Affairs" title="American Affairs">American Affairs</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Conservative" title="The American Conservative">The American Conservative</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Spectator" title="The American Spectator">The American Spectator</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Thinker" title="American Thinker">American Thinker</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/City_Journal" title="City Journal">City Journal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Claremont_Review_of_Books" title="Claremont Review of Books">Claremont Review of Books</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Commentary_(magazine)" title="Commentary (magazine)">Commentary</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Compact_(American_magazine)" title="Compact (American magazine)">Compact</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chronicles_(magazine)" title="Chronicles (magazine)">Chronicles</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Dispatch" title="The Dispatch">The Dispatch</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/First_Things" title="First Things">First Things</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Imaginative_Conservative" title="The Imaginative Conservative">The Imaginative Conservative</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jewish_World_Review" title="Jewish World Review">Jewish World Review</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Modern_Age_(periodical)" title="Modern Age (periodical)">Modern Age</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/National_Affairs" title="National Affairs">National Affairs</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_National_Interest" title="The National Interest">The National Interest</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/National_Review" title="National Review">National Review</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Public_Discourse" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Discourse">Public Discourse</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tablet_(magazine)" title="Tablet (magazine)">Tablet</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taki%27s_Magazine" title="Taki's Magazine">Taki's Magazine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Telos_(journal)" title="Telos (journal)">Telos</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_American" title="The New American">The New American</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Atlantis_(journal)" title="The New Atlantis (journal)">The New Atlantis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Criterion" title="The New Criterion">The New Criterion</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Policy_Review" title="Policy Review">Policy Review</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(defunct)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spectator_USA" class="mw-redirect" title="Spectator USA">Spectator USA</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Southern_Partisan" title="Southern Partisan">Southern Partisan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Washington_Examiner" title="Washington Examiner">Washington Examiner</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Weekly_Standard" title="The Weekly Standard">The Weekly Standard</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(defunct)</span></li></ul> <p><b>TV channels</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Broadcasting_Network" title="Christian Broadcasting Network">CBN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_Business" title="Fox Business">Fox Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_News" title="Fox News">Fox News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newsmax_TV" title="Newsmax TV">Newsmax TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_America_News_Network" title="One America News Network">One America News Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VOZ_(media_company)" title="VOZ (media company)">VOZ</a></li></ul> <p><b>Websites</b> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Babylon_Bee" title="The Babylon Bee">Babylon Bee</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Breitbart_News" title="Breitbart News">Breitbart News</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Bulwark_(website)" title="The Bulwark (website)">The Bulwark</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Campus_Reform" title="Campus Reform">Campus Reform</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Center_Square" title="The Center Square">The Center Square</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Review" title="Conservative Review">Conservative Review</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Caller" title="The Daily Caller">Daily Caller</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Signal" title="The Daily Signal">Daily Signal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Wire" title="The Daily Wire">Daily Wire</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Discover_the_Networks" title="Discover the Networks">Discover the Networks</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Federalist_(website)" title="The Federalist (website)">The Federalist</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/FrontPage_Magazine" title="FrontPage Magazine">FrontPage Magazine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Front_Porch_Republic" title="Front Porch Republic">Front Porch Republic</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Gateway_Pundit" title="The Gateway Pundit">Gateway Pundit</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hot_Air" title="Hot Air">Hot Air</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Human_Events" title="Human Events">Human Events</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Independent_Journal_Review" title="Independent Journal Review">Independent Journal Review</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/InfoWars" title="InfoWars">InfoWars</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jihad_Watch" title="Jihad Watch">Jihad Watch</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/LifeZette" title="LifeZette">LifeZette</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/NewsBusters" class="mw-redirect" title="NewsBusters">NewsBusters</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/PJ_Media" title="PJ Media">PJ Media</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rare_(website)" title="Rare (website)">Rare</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/RedState" title="RedState">RedState</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Dispatch" title="The Dispatch">The Dispatch</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Townhall" title="Townhall">Townhall</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Twitchy" title="Twitchy">Twitchy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Washington_Examiner" title="Washington Examiner">Washington Examiner</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Free_Beacon" title="The Washington Free Beacon">The Washington Free Beacon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Western_Journal" title="The Western Journal">The Western Journal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/WorldNetDaily" title="WorldNetDaily">WorldNetDaily</a></i></li></ul> <p><b>Other</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blaze_Media" title="Blaze Media">Blaze Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encounter_Books" title="Encounter Books">Encounter Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evie_Magazine" title="Evie Magazine">Evie Magazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_First_TV" title="The First TV">The First</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Imprimis" title="Imprimis">Imprimis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Political_Cesspool" title="The Political Cesspool">The Political Cesspool</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passage_Publishing" title="Passage Publishing">Passage Publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PragerU" title="PragerU">PragerU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RealClearPolitics" title="RealClearPolitics">RealClearPolitics</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Red_Scare_(podcast)" title="Red Scare (podcast)">Red Scare</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regnery_Publishing" title="Regnery Publishing">Regnery Publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_Side_Broadcasting_Network" title="Right Side Broadcasting Network">RSBN</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Rubin_Report" title="The Rubin Report">The Rubin Report</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinclair_Broadcast_Group" title="Sinclair Broadcast Group">Sinclair Broadcast Group</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Other organizations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <p><b>Economics</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Americans_for_Tax_Reform" title="Americans for Tax Reform">ATR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Club_for_Growth" title="Club for Growth">Club for Growth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FreedomWorks" title="FreedomWorks">FreedomWorks</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(defunct)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Federation_of_Independent_Business" title="National Federation of Independent Business">NFIB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Taxpayers_Union" title="National Taxpayers Union">NTU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_Party_Patriots" title="Tea Party Patriots">Tea Party Patriots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Chamber_of_Commerce" title="United States Chamber of Commerce">USCC</a></li></ul> <p><b>Gun rights</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gun_Owners_of_America" title="Gun Owners of America">GOA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_for_Gun_Rights" title="National Association for Gun Rights">NAGR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Rifle_Association" title="National Rifle Association">NRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Amendment_Caucus" title="Second Amendment Caucus">Second Amendment Caucus</a></li></ul> <p><b>Identity politics</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ACT_for_America" title="ACT for America"><i>ACT!</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concerned_Women_for_America" title="Concerned Women for America">CWA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Conservative_Citizens" title="Council of Conservative Citizens">Council of Conservative Citizens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gays_Against_Groomers" title="Gays Against Groomers">GAG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Women%27s_Forum" title="Independent Women's Forum">IWF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Log_Cabin_Republicans" title="Log Cabin Republicans">LCR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moms_for_Liberty" title="Moms for Liberty">Moms for Liberty</a></li></ul> <p><b>Nativist</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Immigration_Studies" title="Center for Immigration Studies">CIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_for_American_Immigration_Reform" title="Federation for American Immigration Reform">FAIR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NumbersUSA" title="NumbersUSA">NumbersUSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oath_Keepers" title="Oath Keepers">Oath Keepers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Percenters" title="Three Percenters">Three Percenters</a></li></ul> <p><b>Religion</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_Defending_Freedom" title="Alliance Defending Freedom">ADF</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_court_cases_involving_Alliance_Defending_Freedom" title="List of court cases involving Alliance Defending Freedom">Court cases</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Center_for_Law_%26_Justice" title="American Center for Law & Justice">ACLJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Family_Association" title="American Family Association">AFA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Society_for_the_Defense_of_Tradition,_Family_and_Property" title="American Society for the Defense of Tradition, Family and Property">The American TFP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalcedon_Foundation" title="Chalcedon Foundation">Chalcedon Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Coalition_of_America" title="Christian Coalition of America">CCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Voice_(United_States)" title="Christian Voice (United States)">Christian Voice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_Forum" title="Eagle Forum">Eagle Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_Research_Council" title="Family Research Council">FCR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Fellowship_(Christian_organization)" title="The Fellowship (Christian organization)">The Fellowship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faith_and_Freedom_Coalition" title="Faith and Freedom Coalition">FFC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focus_on_the_Family" title="Focus on the Family">Focus on the Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundation_for_Moral_Law" title="Foundation for Moral Law">Foundation for Moral Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Counsel" title="Liberty Counsel">Liberty Counsel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moral_Majority" title="Moral Majority">Moral Majority</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(defunct)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Organization_for_Marriage" title="National Organization for Marriage">NOM</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">NRLC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parents_Television_and_Media_Council" title="Parents Television and Media Council">PTMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony_Pro-Life_America" title="Susan B. Anthony Pro-Life America">Susan B. Anthony Pro-Life America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_More_Law_Center" title="Thomas More Law Center">Thomas More Law Center</a></li></ul> <p><b>Watchdog groups</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accuracy_in_Media" title="Accuracy in Media">AIM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Econ_Journal_Watch" title="Econ Journal Watch">Econ Journal Watch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_News_Foundation" title="Franklin News Foundation">Franklin News Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_Watch" title="Judicial Watch">JW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_Research_Center" title="Media Research Center">MRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O%27Keefe_Media_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="O'Keefe Media Group">O'Keefe Media Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Veritas" title="Project Veritas">Project Veritas</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(defunct)</span></li></ul> <p><b>Youth/student groups</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Journalism_Center" title="National Journalism Center">NJC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turning_Point_USA" title="Turning Point USA">TPUSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Americans_for_Freedom" title="Young Americans for Freedom">Young Americans for Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_America%27s_Foundation" title="Young America's Foundation">Young America's Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Americans_for_Liberty" title="Young Americans for Liberty">YAL</a></li></ul> <p><b>Miscellaneous</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_85_Fund" title="The 85 Fund">The 85 Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton_Institute_for_the_Study_of_Western_Civilization" title="Alexander Hamilton Institute for the Study of Western Civilization">AHI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Conservative_Union" title="American Conservative Union">ACU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bradley_Foundation" title="Bradley Foundation">Bradley Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Conservative_Caucus" title="The Conservative Caucus">TCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_for_National_Policy" title="Council for National Policy">CNP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Political_Action_Conference" title="Conservative Political Action Conference">CPAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Caucus" title="Freedom Caucus">Freedom Caucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillsdale_College" title="Hillsdale College">Hillsdale College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho_Freedom_Foundation" title="Idaho Freedom Foundation">IFF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Birch_Society" title="John Birch Society">JBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Olin_Foundation" title="John M. Olin Foundation">John M. Olin Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Fund" title="Liberty Fund">Liberty Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_University" title="Liberty University">LU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Scholars" title="National Association of Scholars">NAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Society" title="Philadelphia Society">Philadelphia Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regent_University" title="Regent University">Regent University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Study_Committee" title="Republican Study Committee">RSC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Kirk_Center_for_Cultural_Renewal" title="Russell Kirk Center for Cultural Renewal">Russell Kirk Center for Cultural Renewal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Public_Policy_Foundation" title="Texas Public Policy Foundation">TPPF</a></li></ul> <p><b>Other</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/America_First_Legal" title="America First Legal">AFL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_Network" title="Atlas Network">Atlas Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collegiate_Network" title="Collegiate Network">CN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ConservAmerica" title="ConservAmerica">ConservAmerica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donors_Trust" title="Donors Trust">Donors Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Society" title="Federalist Society">FedSoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gab_(social_network)" title="Gab (social network)">Gab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gettr" title="Gettr">Gettr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Justice_Institute" title="Pacific Justice Institute">PJI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parler" title="Parler">Parler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Main_Street_Partnership" title="Republican Main Street Partnership">Republican Main Street Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Right_Stuff_(app)" title="The Right Stuff (app)">The Right Stuff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_for_American_Civic_Renewal" title="Society for American Civic Renewal">SACR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Republicans" title="Young Republicans">YRNF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziklag_(organization)" title="Ziklag (organization)">Ziklag</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; 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text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Related</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agenda_47" title="Agenda 47">Agenda 47</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/America_First_(policy)" title="America First (policy)">America First</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Bibliography of conservatism in the United States">Bibliography of US conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_talk_radio" title="Conservative talk radio">Conservative talk radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Factions_in_the_Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Factions in the Republican Party (United States)">GOP factions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="History of conservatism in the United States">History of US conservatism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_modern_American_conservatism" title="Timeline of modern American conservatism">Modern timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_conservatives" title="List of American conservatives">List of American conservatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Conservatism_Conference" title="National Conservatism Conference">NatCon</a></li> <li>Colloquialisms <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Barstool_conservatism" title="Barstool conservatism">Barstool conservatism</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Cuckservative" title="Cuckservative">Cuckservative</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Don%27t_immanentize_the_eschaton!" class="mw-redirect" title="Don't immanentize the eschaton!">Don't immanentize the eschaton!</a>"</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Republicans_pounce" title="Republicans pounce">Republicans pounce</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Republican_in_Name_Only" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican in Name Only">RINO</a></i></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/South_Park_Republican" title="South Park Republican"><i>South Park</i> Republican</a>"</li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="padding-bottom:0.22em; border-top:1px solid #AAA; border-bottom:1px solid #AAA"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/15px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/22px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/30px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Conservatism" title="Portal:Conservatism">Conservatism portal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/16px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/24px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></span></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Conservatism_US" title="Template:Conservatism US"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Conservatism_US" title="Template talk:Conservatism US"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Conservatism_US" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Conservatism US"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>National Right to Life Committee</b> (<b>NRLC</b>) is the oldest and largest national <a href="/wiki/Anti-abortion" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-abortion">anti-abortion</a> organization in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> with affiliates in all 50 states and more than 3,000 local chapters nationwide.<sup id="cite_ref-chamlee_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chamlee-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>N 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since the 1980s, NRLC has influenced anti-abortion policy at national and state levels through <a href="/wiki/Campaign_finance" title="Campaign finance">campaign financing</a> of anti-abortion and almost exclusively Republican candidates and writing <a href="/wiki/Model_act" title="Model act">model legislation</a> that would restrict or ban abortion. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organization">Organization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Right_to_Life_Committee&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Organization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The national organization of National Right to Life comprises the: </p> <ul><li>National Right to Life Committee, Inc. (NRLC), 501c(4), EIN: 52–0986196;</li> <li>National Right to Life Committee Educational Trust Fund, 501c(3), EIN: 52–1241126;</li> <li>National Right to Life Educational Foundation, Inc., 501c(3), EIN: 73–1010913;</li> <li>National Right to Life Conventions, Inc., 501c(4), EIN: 52–1257773;</li> <li>National Right to Life Political Action Committee (NRLPAC); and</li> <li>National Right to Life Victory Fund, an independent expenditure political action committee, i. e., a "SuperPAC".</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Right_to_Life_Committee&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_Conference_of_Catholic_Bishops:_1968–73"><span id="National_Conference_of_Catholic_Bishops:_1968.E2.80.9373"></span>National Conference of Catholic Bishops: 1968–73</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Right_to_Life_Committee&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: National Conference of Catholic Bishops: 1968–73"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1966 the National Conference of Catholic Bishops (NCCB) asked <a href="/wiki/James_T._McHugh" title="James T. McHugh">James T. McHugh</a> to begin observing trends in the reform of policy on <a href="/wiki/Abortion" title="Abortion">abortion</a>. At the time then McHugh was Director of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Catholic_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Catholic Conference">United States Catholic Conference</a> (USCC) Family Life Bureau, and later became the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Camden" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Camden">Bishop of Camden</a> and then <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Rockville_Centre" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Rockville Centre">of Rockville Centre</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The NCCB asked McHugh during its annual conference in April 1967 to organize the National Right to Life Committee (NRLC) and fund the established NRLC with $50,000 to "initiate and coordinate a program of information" with state affiliates that would inform stakeholders of the wave of proposed state legislation to liberalize statutes prohibiting abortion.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The National Right to Life Committee was formalized in 1968. McHugh hired executive assistant Michael Taylor to help with the day-to-day needs of the organization. In October 1968, they published the first NRLC newsletter formally introducing the organization and providing information on the efforts to change abortion laws. On the state level, independent right to life organizations were beginning to form and began to rely on NRLC for direction and information. The newsletter lasted until 1971.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>NRLC held its first meeting of nationwide anti-abortion leaders in <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a> in 1970 at <a href="/wiki/Barat_College" title="Barat College">Barat College</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a> attorney Juan Ryan served as the first President of NRLC. In the following year NRLC held its first convention at <a href="/wiki/Macalester_College" title="Macalester College">Macalester College</a> in <a href="/wiki/St._Paul,_Minnesota" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Paul, Minnesota">Saint Paul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>"The only reason that we have a <a href="/wiki/Pro-life" class="mw-redirect" title="Pro-life">pro-life</a> movement in this country is because of the Catholic people and the Catholic Church", stated the executive director of NRLC James T. McHugh in 1973.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Incorporation_and_Human_Life_Amendment">Incorporation and Human Life Amendment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Right_to_Life_Committee&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Incorporation and Human Life Amendment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The NRLC was formally incorporated in May 1973, in response to the <i><a href="/wiki/Roe_v._Wade" title="Roe v. Wade">Roe v. Wade</a></i> ruling of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Supreme Court">US Supreme Court</a> and the desire to gain autonomy apart from the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>, to attract more <a href="/wiki/Protestants" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestants">Protestants</a> to the organization.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The National Conference of Catholic Bishops launched a campaign to amend the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Constitution">United States Constitution</a> by enacting a <a href="/wiki/Human_Life_Amendment" title="Human Life Amendment">Human Life Amendment</a> that not only invalidated <i>Roe v. Wade</i> but also prohibited both the <a href="/wiki/US_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="US Congress">US Congress</a> and the States from legalizing abortion in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-Staggenborg_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Staggenborg-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its first convention as an incorporated organization was held the following month in <a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a>. At the concurrent meeting of NRLC's Board, Ed Golden of <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a> was elected president. Among the founding members was <a href="/wiki/Mildred_Jefferson" class="mw-redirect" title="Mildred Jefferson">Mildred Jefferson</a>, the first African-American woman to graduate from <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Medical_School" title="Harvard Medical School">Harvard Medical School</a>. Jefferson subsequently served as president in 1975.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Schisms">Schisms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Right_to_Life_Committee&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Schisms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Erma_Clardy_Craven" title="Erma Clardy Craven">Erma Clardy Craven</a> spoke out against the increasing alignment of anti-abortion groups and the <a href="/wiki/American_right" class="mw-redirect" title="American right">American right</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:13_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1978, NRLC found itself $100,000 in debt after Jefferson's presidency. Rather than acknowledge her record, she left the organization to form the Right to Life Crusade.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On April 1, 1979, the <a href="/wiki/American_Life_League" title="American Life League">American Life League</a> (ALL) was founded<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by <a href="/wiki/Judie_Brown" title="Judie Brown">Judie Brown</a>, former public relations director of NRLC, and 9 others after a schism within the NRLC. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media_publicity">Media publicity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Right_to_Life_Committee&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Media publicity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since its incorporation, the NRLC prioritized its politics over getting publicity due to its concern of being portrayed in a poor light and lack of funds.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1980 NRLC's annual budget increased to $1,600,000 and retained a membership of 11 million, allowing the organization to invest in media strategy and establish its media department in 1984.<sup id="cite_ref-Doan_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Doan-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1985, the organization had a communications department that produced and distributed a radio program, media campaigns, and maintained press connections. Its media strategy worked to create a public image that differentiated the NRLC from allies by using medical professionals, including its president and primary spokesperson <a href="/wiki/John_C._Willke" title="John C. Willke">John Willke</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One hallmark of their media campaign was utilizing the slogan "Love them Both" which embraces claims of women's rights and welfare through compassion to gain the support of those ambivalent on the issue.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1995, the NRLC coined the term "partial-birth abortion" to describe a new medical procedure also known as "<a href="/wiki/Dilation_and_evacuation" title="Dilation and evacuation">dilation and extraction</a>," or D&X, and "intact D&E" in which the fetus is removed intact from the uterus after 20 weeks gestation. The organization illustrated and published drawings of the procedure in booklets and paid newspaper advertisements to generate public opposition to both the procedure and abortion in general.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The NRLC criticized <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Partial-Birth_Abortion_Ban_Act_of_1995" title="Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act of 1995">1995 veto of a bill</a> that would ban the procedure.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The phrase was used by Congress in the <a href="/wiki/Partial-Birth_Abortion_Ban_Act" title="Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act">Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act of 2003</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1992 and 1998, <i><a href="/wiki/Fortune_(magazine)" title="Fortune (magazine)">Fortune</a></i> magazine recognized the NRLC as the most publicly recognized and politically effective anti-abortion organization.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1999, <i>Fortune</i> ranked them as the 8th most influential public policy group working in Washington, DC.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Silent_Scream"><i>The Silent Scream</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Right_to_Life_Committee&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: The Silent Scream"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1984 the Committee co-produced the documentary <i><a href="/wiki/The_Silent_Scream" title="The Silent Scream">The Silent Scream</a></i> on <a href="/wiki/Abortion" title="Abortion">abortion</a> with <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Nathanson" title="Bernard Nathanson">Bernard Nathanson</a>. In 1985, following 2 years of a <a href="/wiki/Boycott" title="Boycott">boycott</a> of a product of the <a href="/wiki/Upjohn_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Upjohn Company">Upjohn Company</a> that NRLC coordinated, the Company ceased all research on abortifacient drugs. Three years later, NRLC joined other anti-abortion organizations in saying that if any company sold an abortifacient drug, the millions of Americans who opposed <a href="/wiki/Abortion" title="Abortion">abortion</a> would <a href="/wiki/Boycott" title="Boycott">boycott</a> all the products of that company.<sup id="cite_ref-query.nytimes.com_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-query.nytimes.com-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="NRLC_boycott_of_Hoechst_Marion_Roussel_and_Altace">NRLC boycott of Hoechst Marion Roussel and Altace</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Right_to_Life_Committee&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: NRLC boycott of Hoechst Marion Roussel and Altace"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 1990s the NRLC began a nationwide grassroots lobbying campaign against the <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_Choice_Act" title="Freedom of Choice Act">Freedom of Choice Act</a>, and announced a boycott of the French pharmaceutical company <a href="/wiki/Roussel_Uclaf" title="Roussel Uclaf">Roussel Uclaf</a> and its American affiliates for permitting its abortion drug, <a href="/wiki/Mifepristone" title="Mifepristone">mifepristone</a>, into the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The U.S. National Right to Life Committee announced a 1994 U.S. boycott of all Hoechst pharmaceutical products including <a href="/wiki/Ramipril" title="Ramipril">Altace</a>, targeting the abortion pill RU-486.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Keri Folmar, the lawyer responsible for the language of the <a href="/wiki/Partial-Birth_Abortion_Ban_Act" title="Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act">Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act</a>, the term "partial-birth abortion" was developed in early 1995 at a meeting of herself, Charles T. Canady, and NRLC lobbyist Douglas Johnson.<sup id="cite_ref-harpers_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harpers-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The phrase elicited strong negative reactions from a focus group and became a key phrase in NRLC's attack on abortion.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Campaign_financing">Campaign financing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Right_to_Life_Committee&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Campaign financing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1978, <a href="/wiki/James_Bopp" title="James Bopp">James Bopp</a> was hired to serve as legal counsel<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the NRLC became more involved in elections to further influence state and federal legislation to advance their anti-abortion position. In 1980, the National Right to Life Political Action Committee (NRL PAC) was founded to support anti-abortion candidates, mostly Republicans.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also that year, Bopp led a walkout of conservative delegates from a White House Conference on Families<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and defended the NRLC's <a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election" title="1980 United States presidential election">1980 presidential election</a> voter guides from legal challenges of improper electioneering by a nonprofit.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the 1990s, the NRLC became a major player in campaign financing through its $2 million campaign contributions in the <a href="/wiki/1996_United_States_presidential_election" title="1996 United States presidential election">1996 presidential election</a>. In 1999, the NRLC aggressively lobbied against the 1999 Shays-Meehan bill, which later became the <a href="/wiki/Bipartisan_Campaign_Reform_Act" title="Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act">Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002</a> (BCRA), because it would reclassify many of its and other nonpartisan groups' ads as campaign contributions. A bipartisan group of legislators including <a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">John McCain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ronnie_Shows" title="Ronnie Shows">Ronnie Shows</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Zach_Wamp" title="Zach Wamp">Zach Wamp</a> criticized the organization for getting involved in issues that did not affect the unborn.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Legislative Director Douglas Johnson defended the NRLC's involvement in campaign financing, saying that the bill "would cripple the prolife movement."<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2003, Bopp filed a lawsuit on behalf of the NRLC against the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Election_Commission" title="Federal Election Commission">Federal Election Commission</a> about whether BCRA violates the <a href="/wiki/First_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="First Amendment to the United States Constitution">First Amendment</a> in its prohibition of the use of <a href="/wiki/Campaign_finance_in_the_United_States" title="Campaign finance in the United States">"soft money"</a> in campaign financing. On May 1, 2003, the district court issued judgment on the case and the NRLC appeals to the Supreme Court.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later that year, the case was consolidated along with eleven other lawsuits into <i><a href="/wiki/McConnell_v._FEC" title="McConnell v. FEC">McConnell v. FEC</a>.</i><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the ruling, the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court</a> upheld the control of soft money and the regulation of electioneering communications in BCRA.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The death of <a href="/wiki/William_Rehnquist" title="William Rehnquist">Justice William Rehnquist</a> and retirement of <a href="/wiki/Sandra_Day_O%27Connor" title="Sandra Day O'Connor">Justice Sandra Day O’Connor</a> changed the Supreme Court to a conservative majority, and in 2007 NRLC's affiliate Wisconsin Right to Life brought a case against the FEC again challenging BCRA provisions. In <i><a href="/wiki/FEC_v._Wisconsin_Right_to_Life,_Inc." title="FEC v. Wisconsin Right to Life, Inc.">FEC v. Wisconsin Right to Life, Inc</a></i>., the justices held that issue ads may not be banned from the months preceding a primary or general election.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Model_legislation_strategy">Model legislation strategy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Right_to_Life_Committee&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Model legislation strategy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the national and state level, NRLC writes <a href="/wiki/Model_act" title="Model act">model legislation</a> that lawmakers can utilize in bills to restrict or ban abortion.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their legislation is written with the composition of the Supreme Court in mind, so that the court would be less likely to block it afterwards. For instance, when Justice <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Kennedy" title="Anthony Kennedy">Anthony Kennedy</a> was on the bench, bills were introduced that would ban abortion after 20 weeks. After the conservative <a href="/wiki/Neil_Gorsuch" title="Neil Gorsuch">Gorsuch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amy_Coney_Barrett" title="Amy Coney Barrett">Barrett</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brett_Kavanaugh" title="Brett Kavanaugh">Kavanaugh</a> were appointed, legislations began to pass <a href="/wiki/Trigger_law" title="Trigger law">trigger laws</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Prior to the ruling on <i><a href="/wiki/Dobbs_v._Jackson_Women%27s_Health_Organization" title="Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization">Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization</a></i>, NRLC released model legislation that bans all abortions unless "necessary to prevent the death of the pregnant woman".<sup id="cite_ref-:5_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Enforcement strategies of the legislation include criminal penalties for anyone aiding or abetting a person seeking an abortion, selling or distributing of abortifacients, and transporting a pregnant minor to obtain an abortion.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="In_cases_of_rape">In cases of rape</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Right_to_Life_Committee&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: In cases of rape"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2022, responding to reports that <a href="/wiki/2022_Ohio_child-rape_and_Indiana_abortion_case" title="2022 Ohio child-rape and Indiana abortion case">a 10-year-old rape victim</a> obtained an abortion, the group's general counsel <a href="/wiki/James_Bopp" title="James Bopp">James Bopp</a> said that the group's proposed legislation would have banned that abortion; he also said that they believed she should have carried the baby, and "as many women who have had babies as a result of rape, we would hope that she would understand the reason and ultimately the benefit of having the child."<sup id="cite_ref-:5_40-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Affiliates">Affiliates</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Right_to_Life_Committee&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Affiliates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Right_to_Life_Committee&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2011</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>NRLC has affiliates in all fifty states and over 3,000 local chapters.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Its <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a> affiliate, the <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Society_for_Human_Life" title="Virginia Society for Human Life">Virginia Society for Human Life</a>, was founded in 1967 as the first state right to life organization. Other early affiliates include <a href="/wiki/Georgia_Right_to_Life" title="Georgia Right to Life">Georgia Right to Life</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Past_presidents">Past presidents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Right_to_Life_Committee&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Past presidents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1968–1973 – Juan Ryan, New Jersey</li> <li>1973–1974 – Edward Golden, New York</li> <li>1974–1975 – Kenneth VanDerHoef, Washington</li> <li>1975–1978 – <a href="/wiki/Mildred_Fay_Jefferson" title="Mildred Fay Jefferson">Mildred Jefferson</a>, Massachusetts</li> <li>1978–1980 – Carolyn Gerster, Arizona</li> <li>1980–1983 – <a href="/wiki/John_C._Willke" title="John C. Willke">John C. Willke</a>, Ohio</li> <li>1983–1984 – Jean Doyle, Florida</li> <li>1984–1991 – <a href="/wiki/John_C._Willke" title="John C. Willke">John C. Willke</a>, Ohio</li> <li>1991–2005 – <a href="/wiki/Wanda_Franz" title="Wanda Franz">Wanda Franz</a>, West Virginia</li> <li>2005–present – Carol Tobias, North Dakota</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Right_to_Life_Committee&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/26px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/39px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/52px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Conservatism" title="Portal:Conservatism">Conservatism portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Eclipse_of_Reason" title="Eclipse of Reason">Eclipse of Reason</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_life" title="Right to life">Right to life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony_List" class="mw-redirect" title="Susan B. Anthony List">Susan B. Anthony List</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Right_to_Life_Committee&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Right_to_Life_Committee&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The oldest state <a href="/wiki/Pro-life" class="mw-redirect" title="Pro-life">pro-life</a> organization in the US is <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Society_for_Human_Life" title="Virginia Society for Human Life">Virginia Society for Human Life</a> which was founded in 1967.<br /> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.standardnewswire.com/news/130512052.html">Nation's Oldest Right to Life Organization Supporting Thompson</a> <i>Standard News Wire.com,</i> December 20. Retrieved: September 9, 2013.<br /> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=95262">Fred Thompson Receives the Endorsement of Virginia Society for Human Life</a> <i>Presidency Project UCSB.EDU,</i> December 20, 2007. Retrieved: September 9, 2013.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Right_to_Life_Committee&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-christianlifeandliberty.net-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-christianlifeandliberty.net_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.christianlifeandliberty.net/RTL.bmp">http://www.christianlifeandliberty.net/RTL.bmp</a> K.M. Cassidy. "Right to Life." In Dictionary of Christianity in America, Coordinating Editor, Daniel G. Reid. Downers Grove, Illinois: InterVarsity Press, 1990. pp. 1017,1018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chamlee-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-chamlee_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120709154707/http://floridaindependent.com/35887/national-right-to-life-conference-kicks-off-in-jacksonville">"National Right to Life Convention kicks off in Jacksonville"</a>. Florida Independent. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://floridaindependent.com/35887/national-right-to-life-conference-kicks-off-in-jacksonville">the original</a> on July 9, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 25,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Right+to+Life+Convention+kicks+off+in+Jacksonville&rft.pub=Florida+Independent&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffloridaindependent.com%2F35887%2Fnational-right-to-life-conference-kicks-off-in-jacksonville&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Right+to+Life+Committee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKarrer2011" class="citation journal cs1">Karrer, Robert N. (2011). "The National Right to Life Committee: ITS Founding, ITS History, and the Emergence of the Pro-Life Movement Prior to Roe V. Wade". <i>The Catholic Historical Review</i>. <b>97</b> (3): 527–557. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fcat.2011.0098">10.1353/cat.2011.0098</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0008-8080">0008-8080</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23052569">23052569</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22069796">22069796</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:9890064">9890064</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Catholic+Historical+Review&rft.atitle=The+National+Right+to+Life+Committee%3A+ITS+Founding%2C+ITS+History%2C+and+the+Emergence+of+the+Pro-Life+Movement+Prior+to+Roe+V.+Wade&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=527-557&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A9890064%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fcat.2011.0098&rft.issn=0008-8080&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F23052569%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22069796&rft.aulast=Karrer&rft.aufirst=Robert+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Right+to+Life+Committee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKarrer2011" class="citation journal cs1">Karrer, R. N. (2011). "The National Right to Life Committee: its founding, its history, and the emergence of the anti-abortion movement prior to Roe v. Wade". <i>Cathol Hist Rev</i>. <b>97</b> (3): 527–57. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fcat.2011.0098">10.1353/cat.2011.0098</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22069796">22069796</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:9890064">9890064</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cathol+Hist+Rev&rft.atitle=The+National+Right+to+Life+Committee%3A+its+founding%2C+its+history%2C+and+the+emergence+of+the+anti-abortion+movement+prior+to+Roe+v.+Wade.&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=527-57&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A9890064%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22069796&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fcat.2011.0098&rft.aulast=Karrer&rft.aufirst=R.+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Right+to+Life+Committee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"God's Own Party: The Making of the Religious Right", p. 116. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-534084-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-534084-6">978-0-19-534084-6</a>. Daniel K. Williams. Oxford University Press. 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2010" class="citation book cs1">Williams, Daniel K. (October 4, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tfkBh3hL0x4C&pg=PA116"><i>God's Own Party: The Making of the Christian Right</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199798872" title="Special:BookSources/9780199798872"><bdi>9780199798872</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=God%27s+Own+Party%3A+The+Making+of+the+Christian+Right&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2010-10-04&rft.isbn=9780199798872&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Daniel+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtfkBh3hL0x4C%26pg%3DPA116&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Right+to+Life+Committee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKarrer2011" class="citation journal cs1">Karrer, Robert N. (2011). "The Pro-Life Movement and Its First Years under "Roe"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>". <i>American Catholic Studies</i>. <b>122</b> (4): 47–72. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2161-8542">2161-8542</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/44195373">44195373</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Catholic+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Pro-Life+Movement+and+Its+First+Years+under+%22Roe%22&rft.volume=122&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=47-72&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F44195373%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=2161-8542&rft.aulast=Karrer&rft.aufirst=Robert+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Right+to+Life+Committee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Staggenborg-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Staggenborg_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStaggenborg1994" class="citation book cs1">Staggenborg, Suzanne (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3oRBOuEvz30C&pg=PA188"><i>The Pro-Choice Movement: Organization and Activism in the Abortion Conflict</i></a>. Oxford University Press US. p. 188. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-508925-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-508925-1"><bdi>0-19-508925-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Pro-Choice+Movement%3A+Organization+and+Activism+in+the+Abortion+Conflict&rft.pages=188&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press+US&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-19-508925-1&rft.aulast=Staggenborg&rft.aufirst=Suzanne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3oRBOuEvz30C%26pg%3DPA188&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Right+to+Life+Committee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreenhouse2010" class="citation book cs1">Greenhouse, Linda (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130114190456/http://www.brennancenter.org/blog/archives/Greenhouse_and_Reva_B._Siegel"><i>Before Roe v. Wade: Voices that Shaped the Abortion Debate before the Supreme Court's Ruling</i></a>. Kaplan Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60714-671-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60714-671-1"><bdi>978-1-60714-671-1</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brennancenter.org/blog/archives/Greenhouse_and_Reva_B._Siegel">the original</a> on January 14, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Before+Roe+v.+Wade%3A+Voices+that+Shaped+the+Abortion+Debate+before+the+Supreme+Court%27s+Ruling&rft.pub=Kaplan+Publishing&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-60714-671-1&rft.aulast=Greenhouse&rft.aufirst=Linda&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brennancenter.org%2Fblog%2Farchives%2FGreenhouse_and_Reva_B._Siegel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Right+to+Life+Committee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrendergastPrendergast1999" class="citation book cs1">Prendergast, William B.; Prendergast, Mary E. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=B9nFwo5B1BQC&pg=PA170"><i>The Catholic Voter in American Politics: The Passing of the Democratic Monolith</i></a>. Georgetown University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780878407248" title="Special:BookSources/9780878407248"><bdi>9780878407248</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Catholic+Voter+in+American+Politics%3A+The+Passing+of+the+Democratic+Monolith&rft.pub=Georgetown+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9780878407248&rft.aulast=Prendergast&rft.aufirst=William+B.&rft.au=Prendergast%2C+Mary+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DB9nFwo5B1BQC%26pg%3DPA170&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Right+to+Life+Committee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHevesi2010" class="citation web cs1">Hevesi, Dennis (October 18, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/19/us/19jefferson.html">"Mildred Jefferson, 84, Anti-Abortion Activist, Is Dead - Obituary (Obit)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140612032312/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/19/us/19jefferson.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 12, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 7,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Mildred+Jefferson%2C+84%2C+Anti-Abortion+Activist%2C+Is+Dead+-+Obituary+%28Obit%29&rft.date=2010-10-18&rft.aulast=Hevesi&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2010%2F10%2F19%2Fus%2F19jefferson.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Right+to+Life+Committee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:13-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:13_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDonnally2013" class="citation web cs1">Donnally, Jennifer (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/210603225.pdf">"The Politics of Abortion and the Rise of the New Right"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Politics+of+Abortion+and+the+Rise+of+the+New+Right&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Donnally&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcore.ac.uk%2Fdownload%2Fpdf%2F210603225.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Right+to+Life+Committee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140330221249/http://www.all.org/nav/index/heading/MTQ/cat/MTYy/">"Founded"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.all.org/nav/index/heading/MTQ/cat/MTYy/">the original</a> on March 30, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 30,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Founded&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.all.org%2Fnav%2Findex%2Fheading%2FMTQ%2Fcat%2FMTYy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Right+to+Life+Committee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.clmagazine.org/article/index/id/MTM1NDE">http://www.clmagazine.org/article/index/id/MTM1NDE</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140502033449/http://www.clmagazine.org/article/index/id/MTM1NDE">Archived</a> May 2, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>A saintly influence: Pope John Paul II's impact on American Life League—and me</i>. Judie Brown. <i>Celebrate Life Magazine</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_16-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRohlinger2006" class="citation journal cs1">Rohlinger, Deana A. (2006). 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Doan (2007). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oppositionintimi00doan"><i>Opposition and Intimidation: The Abortion Wars and Strategies of Political Harassment</i></a></span>. University of Michigan. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oppositionintimi00doan/page/n101">90</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780472099757" title="Special:BookSources/9780472099757"><bdi>9780472099757</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Opposition+and+Intimidation%3A+The+Abortion+Wars+and+Strategies+of+Political+Harassment&rft.pages=90&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780472099757&rft.au=Alesha+E.+Doan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foppositionintimi00doan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Right+to+Life+Committee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRohlinger2015" class="citation book cs1">Rohlinger, Deana A. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aZBEBQAAQBAJ"><i>Abortion Politics, Mass Media, and Social Movements in America</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781107069237" title="Special:BookSources/9781107069237"><bdi>9781107069237</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Abortion+Politics%2C+Mass+Media%2C+and+Social+Movements+in+America&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9781107069237&rft.aulast=Rohlinger&rft.aufirst=Deana+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaZBEBQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Right+to+Life+Committee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSiegel2012" class="citation web cs1">Siegel, Reva B. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=6007&context=fss_papers">"Abortion and the "Woman Question:" Forty Years of Debate"</a>. <i>Yale Law School</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yale+Law+School&rft.atitle=Abortion+and+the+%22Woman+Question%3A%22+Forty+Years+of+Debate&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Siegel&rft.aufirst=Reva+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigitalcommons.law.yale.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Freferer%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F%26httpsredir%3D1%26article%3D6007%26context%3Dfss_papers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Right+to+Life+Committee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRovner2006" class="citation news cs1">Rovner, Julie (February 21, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2006/02/21/5168163/partial-birth-abortion-separating-fact-from-spin">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Partial-Birth Abortion': Separating Fact From Spin"</a>. <i>NPR</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Infobase Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781438130200" title="Special:BookSources/9781438130200"><bdi>9781438130200</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+American+Religion+and+Politics&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft.date=2014-07&rft.isbn=9781438130200&rft.aulast=Djupe&rft.aufirst=Paul+A.&rft.au=Olson%2C+Laura+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dfrt7RDOT1PUC%26pg%3DPA300&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Right+to+Life+Committee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-query.nytimes.com-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-query.nytimes.com_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?sec=health&res=940DE7D81239F931A15751C0A96E948260">"Boycott Threat Blocking Sale of Abortion-Inducing Drug"</a> <i>New York Times</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E07E6D7163FF93BA35754C0A962958260&n=Top%2fReference%2fTimes%20Topics%2fSubjects%2fA%2fAbortion">"Abortion Drug Draws Boycott - <i>New York Times</i>"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 8,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Capitolist&rft.atitle=Kat+Cammack+adds+endorsement+from+the+National+Right+to+Life+PAC&rft.date=2020-08-26&rft.aulast=Kirkl&rft.aufirst=Jordan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthecapitolist.com%2Fkat-cammack-adds-endorsement-from-the-national-right-to-life-pac%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Right+to+Life+Committee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Right_to_Life_Committee&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Karrer, Robert N. "The National Right to Life Committee: Its Founding, Its History, and the Emergence of the Pro-Life Movement Prior to Roe v. Wade", <i>Catholic Historical Review</i>, Volume 97, Number 3, July 2011, pp. 527–57, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/catholic_historical_review/v097/97.3.karrer.html">in Project MUSE</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Right_to_Life_Committee&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nrlc.org/">National Right to Life Committee</a>, official website</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120926085900/http://www.fordlibrarymuseum.gov/library/guides/findingaid/American%20Citizens%20Concerned%20for%20Life.htm">American Citizens Concerned for Life, Inc. Records, (1968) 1974-1982 (1986)</a> via <a href="/wiki/Gerald_R._Ford_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerald R. Ford Library">Gerald R. Ford Library</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prolifeprofiles.com/national-right-to-life/">ProlifeProfiles.com/NRLC</a>, criticism from within the anti-abortion movement</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newsday.com/from-the-archives-bishop-james-mchugh-dies-at-68-1.6507583"><i>From the archives: Bishop James McHugh dies at 68</i>. Newsday. Zachary R. Dowdy. December 11, 2000</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_Right_to_Life_Committee" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:NRTLC" title="Template:NRTLC"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:NRTLC" title="Template talk:NRTLC"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:NRTLC" title="Special:EditPage/Template:NRTLC"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_Right_to_Life_Committee" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">National Right to Life Committee</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_T._McHugh" title="James T. McHugh">James T. McHugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Bopp" title="James Bopp">James Bopp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judie_Brown" title="Judie Brown">Judie Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mildred_Fay_Jefferson" title="Mildred Fay Jefferson">Mildred Fay Jefferson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">State affiliates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/California_ProLife_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="California ProLife Council">California ProLife Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Right_to_Life" title="Colorado Right to Life">Colorado Right to Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Right_to_Life" title="Georgia Right to Life">Georgia Right to Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Citizens_Concerned_for_Life" title="Minnesota Citizens Concerned for Life">Minnesota Citizens Concerned for Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Society_for_Human_Life" title="Virginia Society for Human Life">Virginia Society for Human Life</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Life_League" title="American Life League">American Life League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Conference_of_Catholic_Bishops" title="United States Conference of Catholic Bishops">United States Conference of Catholic Bishops</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Silent_Scream" title="The Silent Scream">The Silent Scream</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Social_conservatism_in_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:American_social_conservatism" title="Template:American social conservatism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:American_social_conservatism" title="Template talk:American social conservatism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:American_social_conservatism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:American social conservatism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Social_conservatism_in_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Social_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Social conservatism in the United States">Social conservatism in the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Issues and ideas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_anti-abortion_movement" title="United States anti-abortion movement">Anti-abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020s_anti-LGBTQ_movement_in_the_United_States" title="2020s anti-LGBTQ movement in the United States">Anti-LGBTQ</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gay_agenda" title="Gay agenda">Gay agenda</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-pornography_movement_in_the_United_States" title="Anti-pornography movement in the United States">Anti-pornography movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_life" title="Culture of life">Culture of life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_war" title="Culture war">Culture war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consistent_life_ethic" title="Consistent life ethic">Consistent life ethic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eminent_domain" title="Eminent domain">Eminent domain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euthanasia" title="Euthanasia">Euthanasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Familialism" title="Familialism">Familialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_values" title="Family values">Family values</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_roles" class="mw-redirect" title="Gender roles">Gender roles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organized_religion" title="Organized religion">Organized religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parental_rights_movement" title="Parental rights movement">Parental rights movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_of_drugs" class="mw-redirect" title="Prohibition of drugs">Prohibition of drugs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_morality" title="Public morality">Public morality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_liberty" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious liberty">Religious liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_prayer_in_the_United_States" title="School prayer in the United States">School prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state#Friendly_and_hostile_separation" title="Separation of church and state">Friendly separation of church and state</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Advocates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Abbott" title="Greg Abbott">Abbott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ashcroft" title="John Ashcroft">Ashcroft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michele_Bachmann" title="Michele Bachmann">Bachmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Baldwin" title="Chuck Baldwin">Baldwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Bannon" title="Steve Bannon">Bannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Barton_(author)" title="David Barton (author)">Barton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Bennett" title="William Bennett">Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Brownback" title="Sam Brownback">Brownback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anita_Bryant" title="Anita Bryant">Bryant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauren_Boebert" title="Lauren Boebert">Boebert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Boykin" title="Peter Boykin">Boykin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._Brent_Bozell_III" title="L. Brent Bozell III">Bozell III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Buchanan" title="Pat Buchanan">Buchanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candace_Cameron" class="mw-redirect" title="Candace Cameron">Cameron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tucker_Carlson" title="Tucker Carlson">Carlson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Carson" title="Ben Carson">Carson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Coburn" title="Tom Coburn">Coburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Colson" title="Charles Colson">Colson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Cruz" title="Ted Cruz">Cruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_DeLay" title="Tom DeLay">DeLay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_DeMint" title="Jim DeMint">DeMint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_DeSantis" title="Ron DeSantis">DeSantis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Dice" title="Mark Dice">Dice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Dobson" title="James Dobson">Dobson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Donohue" title="Bill Donohue">Donohue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinesh_D%27Souza" title="Dinesh D'Souza">D'Souza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Falwell_Sr." class="mw-redirect" title="Jerry Falwell Sr.">Falwell Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Falwell_Jr." title="Jerry Falwell Jr.">Falwell Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Frist" title="Bill Frist">Frist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_P._George" title="Robert P. George">George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich">Gingrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louie_Gohmert" title="Louie Gohmert">Gohmert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Harris" title="Katherine Harris">Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Helms" title="Jesse Helms">Helms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hostettler" title="John Hostettler">Hostettler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Huckabee" title="Mike Huckabee">Huckabee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Johnson" title="Mike Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Jones" title="Alex Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._James_Kennedy" title="D. James Kennedy">Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Keyes" title="Alan Keyes">Keyes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_King" title="Steve King">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Kirk" title="Charlie Kirk">Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Knowles_(political_commentator)" title="Michael Knowles (political commentator)">Knowles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beverly_LaHaye" title="Beverly LaHaye">LaHaye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_LaHaye" title="Tim LaHaye">LaHaye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rush_Limbaugh" title="Rush Limbaugh">Limbaugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trent_Lott" title="Trent Lott">Lott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_McCarthy" title="Joseph McCarthy">McCarthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Moore" title="Roy Moore">Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candace_Owens" title="Candace Owens">Owens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Palin" title="Sarah Palin">Palin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rod_Parsley" title="Rod Parsley">Parsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Pence" title="Greg Pence">Pence (Greg)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Pence (Mike)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Perkins_(politician)" title="Tony Perkins (politician)">Perkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Peroutka" title="Michael Peroutka">Peroutka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Perry" title="Rick Perry">Perry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Phillips_(activist)" title="Howard Phillips (activist)">Phillips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Prager" title="Dennis Prager">Prager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libs_of_TikTok" title="Libs of TikTok">Raichik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Reed" title="Ralph Reed">Reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Robertson" title="Pat Robertson">Robertson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Robinson_(American_politician)" title="Mark Robinson (American politician)">Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gayle_Ruzicka" title="Gayle Ruzicka">Ruzicka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Santorum" title="Rick Santorum">Santorum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Scarborough" title="Rick Scarborough">Scarborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phyllis_Schlafly" title="Phyllis Schlafly">Schlafly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bret_Schundler" title="Bret Schundler">Schundler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Scott" title="Tim Scott">Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Shapiro" title="Ben Shapiro">Shapiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pam_Stenzel" title="Pam Stenzel">Stenzel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allie_Beth_Stuckey" title="Allie Beth Stuckey">Stuckey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Tancredo" title="Tom Tancredo">Tancredo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brandon_Tatum" title="Brandon Tatum">Tatum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marjorie_Taylor_Greene" title="Marjorie Taylor Greene">Greene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Thomas" title="Clarence Thomas">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Trump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_and_Elizabeth_Uihlein" title="Richard and Elizabeth Uihlein">Uihlein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Walsh_(political_commentator)" title="Matt Walsh (political commentator)">Walsh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Principles_Project" title="American Principles Project">American Principles Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concerned_Women_for_America" title="Concerned Women for America">Concerned Women for America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_Forum" title="Eagle Forum">Eagle Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_Research_Council" title="Family Research Council">Family Research Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focus_on_the_Family" title="Focus on the Family">Focus on the Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundation_for_Moral_Law" title="Foundation for Moral Law">Foundation for Moral Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Heritage_Foundation" title="The Heritage Foundation">Heritage Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moms_for_Liberty" title="Moms for Liberty">Moms for Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moral_Majority" title="Moral Majority">Moral Majority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Center_on_Sexual_Exploitation" title="National Center on Sexual Exploitation">National Center on Sexual Exploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Organization_for_Marriage" title="National Organization for Marriage">National Organization for Marriage</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">National Right to Life Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parents_Television_and_Media_Council" title="Parents Television and Media Council">Parents Television and Media Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Values_Coalition" title="Traditional Values Coalition">Traditional Values Coalition</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Political parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Solidarity_Party" title="American Solidarity Party">American Solidarity Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Party_(United_States)" title="Constitution Party (United States)">Constitution Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_Party" title="Prohibition Party">Prohibition Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Christian democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_nationalism" title="Christian nationalism">Christian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_right" title="Christian right">Christian right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_war" title="Culture war">Culture war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Factions_in_the_Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Factions in the Republican Party (United States)">Factions in the Republican Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_conservatism_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT conservatism in the United States">LGBT conservatism in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Declaration:_A_Call_of_Christian_Conscience" title="Manhattan Declaration: A Call of Christian Conscience">Manhattan Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleoconservatism" title="Paleoconservatism">Paleoconservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactionary" title="Reactionary">Reactionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_justice" title="Social justice">Social justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight_pride" title="Straight pride">Straight pride</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/15px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/22px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/30px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Conservatism" title="Portal:Conservatism">Conservatism portal</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link 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