FT Forums

<!doctype html> <html xmlns:og="http://opengraphprotocol.org/schema/" xmlns:fb="http://www.facebook.com/2008/fbml" lang="en-US" > <head> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1"> <meta name="viewport" content="initial-scale=1">  <base href=""> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <title>FT Forums</title> <meta http-equiv="Accept-CH" content="Sec-CH-UA-Platform-Version, Sec-CH-UA-Model" /><link rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" href="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1567179445971-TZAGWOWPFXX7XU7TIP2D/favicon.ico?format=100w"/> <link rel="canonical" href="https://forums.ft.com"/> <meta property="og:site_name" content="FT Forums"/> <meta property="og:title" content="FT Forums"/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://forums.ft.com"/> <meta property="og:type" content="website"/> <meta property="og:image" content="http://static1.squarespace.com/static/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/t/60c718175b087b0232651569/1623660567886/FT_PinkGrey_RGB_2017_DIGITAL_320x320.png?format=1500w"/> <meta property="og:image:width" content="300"/> <meta property="og:image:height" content="300"/> <meta itemprop="name" content="FT Forums"/> <meta itemprop="url" content="https://forums.ft.com"/> <meta itemprop="thumbnailUrl" content="http://static1.squarespace.com/static/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/t/60c718175b087b0232651569/1623660567886/FT_PinkGrey_RGB_2017_DIGITAL_320x320.png?format=1500w"/> <link rel="image_src" href="http://static1.squarespace.com/static/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/t/60c718175b087b0232651569/1623660567886/FT_PinkGrey_RGB_2017_DIGITAL_320x320.png?format=1500w" /> <meta itemprop="image" content="http://static1.squarespace.com/static/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/t/60c718175b087b0232651569/1623660567886/FT_PinkGrey_RGB_2017_DIGITAL_320x320.png?format=1500w"/> <meta name="twitter:title" content="FT Forums"/> <meta name="twitter:image" content="http://static1.squarespace.com/static/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/t/60c718175b087b0232651569/1623660567886/FT_PinkGrey_RGB_2017_DIGITAL_320x320.png?format=1500w"/> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://forums.ft.com"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/> <meta name="description" content="" /> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com"> <script type="text/javascript" src="//use.typekit.net/ik/TaV_GiJPIzXUPVhGt3ayC1hKkV2IyZOhn8wvw8zVqw6fezSIfFHN4UJLFRbh52jhWDmqwD8K52ZKFewUZQmRw2M3wQStZQqtwsnDMKG0jAFu-WsoShFGZAsude80ZkoRdhXCHKoyjamTiY8Djhy8ZYmC-Ao1Oco8if37OcBDOcu8OfG0Z1blZcNkiAuDO1FUiABkZWF3jAF8OcFzdP37O1FUiABkZWF3jAF8ShFGZAsude80ZkoRdhXCjAFu-WsoShFGZAsude80ZkoRdhXCjAFu-WsoShFGZAsude80Zko0ZWbCjWw0dA9CZcNkiAuDOcZXOcFzdPUcifucda4udWw0SaBujW48Sagyjh90jhNlOeUzjhBC-eNDifUDSWmyScmDSeBRZWFR-emqiAUTdcS0jhNlOYiaikoyjamTiY8Djhy8ZYmC-Ao1OcFzdPUaiaS0jAFu-WsoShFGZAsude80Zko0ZWbCiaiaOcBDOcu8OYiaikocda4udWw0Z1b0jhNlOYiaikocifucda4udWw0SaBujW48Sagyjh90jhNlOYiaikoDSWmyScmDSeBRZWFR-emqiAUTdcS0jhNlJ6Tl-AoTdhtlSY4zJ68ciWsuScIlSYbKJcZcOAizdhbl-emyZeUTdc9lihmKOWgkdkuRdhoqZAoDZAb7fbKyFsMMeMb6MKG4f4vuIMMjgPMfH6qJ129bMg6YJMJ7fbKpFsMMeMt6MKG4f4XuIMMjIPMfH6qJyB9bMs6IJMJ7fbRxmgMgeM96MKG4f54oIMIjgKMfH6qJ6m9bMs6YJMJ7fbKYmsMgeM66MKG4fJmmIMIj2KMfH6qJ689bMs6sJMJ7fbKSbUMfeMb6MKG4fHg2IMJjgPMfqMeb305gg6.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript">try{Typekit.load();}catch(e){}</script> <script type="text/javascript" crossorigin="anonymous" nomodule="nomodule" src="//assets.squarespace.com/@sqs/polyfiller/1.6/legacy.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" crossorigin="anonymous" src="//assets.squarespace.com/@sqs/polyfiller/1.6/modern.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript">SQUARESPACE_ROLLUPS = {};</script> <script>(function(rollups, name) { if (!rollups[name]) { rollups[name] = {}; } rollups[name].js = ["//assets.squarespace.com/universal/scripts-compressed/extract-css-runtime-ebfa92978b19cf630135-min.en-US.js"]; })(SQUARESPACE_ROLLUPS, 'squarespace-extract_css_runtime');</script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" src="//assets.squarespace.com/universal/scripts-compressed/extract-css-runtime-ebfa92978b19cf630135-min.en-US.js" ></script><script>(function(rollups, name) { if (!rollups[name]) { rollups[name] = {}; } rollups[name].js = ["//assets.squarespace.com/universal/scripts-compressed/extract-css-moment-js-vendor-6c569122bfa66a51a056-min.en-US.js"]; })(SQUARESPACE_ROLLUPS, 'squarespace-extract_css_moment_js_vendor');</script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" src="//assets.squarespace.com/universal/scripts-compressed/extract-css-moment-js-vendor-6c569122bfa66a51a056-min.en-US.js" ></script><script>(function(rollups, name) { if (!rollups[name]) { rollups[name] = {}; } rollups[name].js = ["//assets.squarespace.com/universal/scripts-compressed/cldr-resource-pack-32136deb9638cc6130b2-min.en-US.js"]; })(SQUARESPACE_ROLLUPS, 'squarespace-cldr_resource_pack');</script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" src="//assets.squarespace.com/universal/scripts-compressed/cldr-resource-pack-32136deb9638cc6130b2-min.en-US.js" ></script><script>(function(rollups, name) { if (!rollups[name]) { rollups[name] = {}; } rollups[name].js = ["//assets.squarespace.com/universal/scripts-compressed/common-vendors-stable-61293f01d648eef165fc-min.en-US.js"]; })(SQUARESPACE_ROLLUPS, 'squarespace-common_vendors_stable');</script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" src="//assets.squarespace.com/universal/scripts-compressed/common-vendors-stable-61293f01d648eef165fc-min.en-US.js" ></script><script>(function(rollups, name) { if (!rollups[name]) { rollups[name] = {}; } rollups[name].js = ["//assets.squarespace.com/universal/scripts-compressed/common-vendors-be0091dc488b10891ed6-min.en-US.js"]; })(SQUARESPACE_ROLLUPS, 'squarespace-common_vendors');</script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" src="//assets.squarespace.com/universal/scripts-compressed/common-vendors-be0091dc488b10891ed6-min.en-US.js" ></script><script>(function(rollups, name) { if (!rollups[name]) { rollups[name] = {}; } rollups[name].js = ["//assets.squarespace.com/universal/scripts-compressed/common-4cd0c6f08f784ee57513-min.en-US.js"]; })(SQUARESPACE_ROLLUPS, 'squarespace-common');</script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" src="//assets.squarespace.com/universal/scripts-compressed/common-4cd0c6f08f784ee57513-min.en-US.js" ></script><script>(function(rollups, name) { if (!rollups[name]) { rollups[name] = {}; } rollups[name].js = ["//assets.squarespace.com/universal/scripts-compressed/user-account-core-02ac5c0ddeefb2affe35-min.en-US.js"]; })(SQUARESPACE_ROLLUPS, 'squarespace-user_account_core');</script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" src="//assets.squarespace.com/universal/scripts-compressed/user-account-core-02ac5c0ddeefb2affe35-min.en-US.js" ></script><script>(function(rollups, name) { if (!rollups[name]) { rollups[name] = {}; } rollups[name].css = ["//assets.squarespace.com/universal/styles-compressed/user-account-core-b6e8cafbf34b05da5c2b-min.en-US.css"]; })(SQUARESPACE_ROLLUPS, 'squarespace-user_account_core');</script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="//assets.squarespace.com/universal/styles-compressed/user-account-core-b6e8cafbf34b05da5c2b-min.en-US.css"><script>(function(rollups, name) { if (!rollups[name]) { rollups[name] = {}; } rollups[name].js = ["//assets.squarespace.com/universal/scripts-compressed/performance-d9f618c1beaea97b6499-min.en-US.js"]; })(SQUARESPACE_ROLLUPS, 'squarespace-performance');</script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" src="//assets.squarespace.com/universal/scripts-compressed/performance-d9f618c1beaea97b6499-min.en-US.js" defer ></script><script data-name="static-context">Static = window.Static || {}; Static.SQUARESPACE_CONTEXT = {"betaFeatureFlags":["gdpr_cookie_banner","pages_panel_v3_search_bar","marketing_landing_page","scripts_defer","hideable_header_footer","campaigns_black_friday_banners","toggle_preview_new_shortcut","campaigns_discount_section_in_blasts","campaigns_import_discounts","visitor_react_forms","i18n_beta_website_locales","hideable_header_footer_for_memberareas","fluid_engine","campaigns_new_image_layout_picker","blueprint_content_replacement","contacts_and_campaigns_redesign","commerce_site_visitor_metrics","fluid_engine_clean_up_grid_contextual_change","unify_edit_mode_p2","hideable_header_footer_for_courses","commerce_clearpay","campaigns_thumbnail_layout","campaigns_discount_section_in_automations","is_feature_gate_refresh_enabled","enable_css_variable_tweaks","nested_categories_migration_enabled","hideable_header_footer_for_videos","accounting_orders_sync","campaigns_global_uc_ab","hide_header_footer_beta","order_status_page_checkout_landing_enabled"],"videoAssetsFeatureFlags":["mux-data-video-collection","mux-data-video-block","mux-data-course-collection"],"facebookAppId":"314192535267336","facebookApiVersion":"v6.0","rollups":{"squarespace-announcement-bar":{"js":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/scripts-compressed/announcement-bar-abc247145d9c909b7ca1-min.en-US.js"},"squarespace-audio-player":{"css":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/styles-compressed/audio-player-ef238f99d44a3bdc6fbe-min.en-US.css","js":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/scripts-compressed/audio-player-7b2d6f5ce8ae62cf892f-min.en-US.js"},"squarespace-blog-collection-list":{"css":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/styles-compressed/blog-collection-list-8ec841cacfb75d4282f4-min.en-US.css","js":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/scripts-compressed/blog-collection-list-44fda292525bdeb0ee8a-min.en-US.js"},"squarespace-calendar-block-renderer":{"css":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/styles-compressed/calendar-block-renderer-b15e2d46a617c8add4b4-min.en-US.css","js":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/scripts-compressed/calendar-block-renderer-ba9e797b1c6edb9a3bac-min.en-US.js"},"squarespace-chartjs-helpers":{"css":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/styles-compressed/chartjs-helpers-9e75b5d75bb5cb4c1f67-min.en-US.css","js":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/scripts-compressed/chartjs-helpers-6f4b03f58cff68354645-min.en-US.js"},"squarespace-comments":{"css":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/styles-compressed/comments-a0d9356d7c1596ab2c53-min.en-US.css","js":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/scripts-compressed/comments-80a567d7afca7ea1dbfe-min.en-US.js"},"squarespace-custom-css-popup":{"css":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/styles-compressed/custom-css-popup-d6e0f953c836d9289b10-min.en-US.css","js":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/scripts-compressed/custom-css-popup-67e79c564ae532a1d776-min.en-US.js"},"squarespace-dialog":{"css":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/styles-compressed/dialog-2dcac307baebe70727dc-min.en-US.css","js":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/scripts-compressed/dialog-dbb8daeadaf90e62b274-min.en-US.js"},"squarespace-events-collection":{"css":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/styles-compressed/events-collection-b15e2d46a617c8add4b4-min.en-US.css","js":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/scripts-compressed/events-collection-297bf44c7cd0c7f15d78-min.en-US.js"},"squarespace-form-rendering-utils":{"js":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/scripts-compressed/form-rendering-utils-a92219a77cf6d4679390-min.en-US.js"},"squarespace-forms":{"css":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/styles-compressed/forms-b952cddb94c5d471b8d3-min.en-US.css","js":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/scripts-compressed/forms-49fd9d5237aa589917dd-min.en-US.js"},"squarespace-gallery-collection-list":{"css":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/styles-compressed/gallery-collection-list-8ec841cacfb75d4282f4-min.en-US.css","js":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/scripts-compressed/gallery-collection-list-dabc951e1bbbe8467525-min.en-US.js"},"squarespace-image-zoom":{"css":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/styles-compressed/image-zoom-8ec841cacfb75d4282f4-min.en-US.css","js":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/scripts-compressed/image-zoom-485cb3cf26fda8199e47-min.en-US.js"},"squarespace-pinterest":{"css":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/styles-compressed/pinterest-8ec841cacfb75d4282f4-min.en-US.css","js":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/scripts-compressed/pinterest-7ad9f70c56d9c6b0ae65-min.en-US.js"},"squarespace-popup-overlay":{"css":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/styles-compressed/popup-overlay-e89b4cc96c222ed66c64-min.en-US.css","js":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/scripts-compressed/popup-overlay-ece7db5c4bfceb54a50a-min.en-US.js"},"squarespace-product-quick-view":{"css":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/styles-compressed/product-quick-view-2f87c3dcb76ca485179d-min.en-US.css","js":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/scripts-compressed/product-quick-view-3c6b64e906196e37ee93-min.en-US.js"},"squarespace-products-collection-item-v2":{"css":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/styles-compressed/products-collection-item-v2-8ec841cacfb75d4282f4-min.en-US.css","js":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/scripts-compressed/products-collection-item-v2-1ed64b36a5caefb0bf3d-min.en-US.js"},"squarespace-products-collection-list-v2":{"css":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/styles-compressed/products-collection-list-v2-8ec841cacfb75d4282f4-min.en-US.css","js":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/scripts-compressed/products-collection-list-v2-91090125416a47e4fecb-min.en-US.js"},"squarespace-search-page":{"css":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/styles-compressed/search-page-917382e71b023cec7555-min.en-US.css","js":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/scripts-compressed/search-page-9f4098985bf13af25db5-min.en-US.js"},"squarespace-search-preview":{"js":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/scripts-compressed/search-preview-4e7434a694d83d8766a0-min.en-US.js"},"squarespace-simple-liking":{"css":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/styles-compressed/simple-liking-4279cc7bb78333b8db43-min.en-US.css","js":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/scripts-compressed/simple-liking-f5b368f59d68ab9f9480-min.en-US.js"},"squarespace-social-buttons":{"css":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/styles-compressed/social-buttons-3a7d186e7e5e3b30911b-min.en-US.css","js":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/scripts-compressed/social-buttons-b71ef5af6c65212fb342-min.en-US.js"},"squarespace-tourdates":{"css":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/styles-compressed/tourdates-8ec841cacfb75d4282f4-min.en-US.css","js":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/scripts-compressed/tourdates-22e5cff21f07efe64af0-min.en-US.js"},"squarespace-website-overlays-manager":{"css":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/styles-compressed/website-overlays-manager-efd3c12d460f58781eb3-min.en-US.css","js":"//assets.squarespace.com/universal/scripts-compressed/website-overlays-manager-db7ec709521a62f0b755-min.en-US.js"}},"pageType":1,"website":{"id":"5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981","identifier":"ft-forums","websiteType":5,"contentModifiedOn":1732009793728,"cloneable":false,"hasBeenCloneable":false,"developerMode":true,"siteStatus":{},"language":"en-US","timeZone":"Europe/London","machineTimeZoneOffset":0,"timeZoneOffset":0,"timeZoneAbbr":"GMT","siteTitle":"FT Forums","fullSiteTitle":"FT Forums","siteTagLine":"LEARN. CONNECT. LEAD.","siteDescription":"","logoImageId":"5fe1d2fbd6015b0ed4c3a458","socialLogoImageId":"60c718175b087b0232651569","shareButtonOptions":{"2":true,"7":true,"1":true},"logoImageUrl":"//images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1608635131539-O3AFR2NBRBKHBS24W3H2/FT_FORUMS_2020_RGB_REV.png","socialLogoImageUrl":"//images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/6ed0dbb4-e610-4296-9139-f5e20c9ddaa6/FT_PinkGrey_RGB_2017_DIGITAL_320x320.png","authenticUrl":"https://forums.ft.com","internalUrl":"https://ft-forums.squarespace.com","baseUrl":"https://forums.ft.com","primaryDomain":"forums.ft.com","sslSetting":3,"isHstsEnabled":false,"socialAccounts":[{"serviceId":85,"screenname":"X","addedOn":1566206505808,"profileUrl":"https://x.com/ftforums","iconEnabled":true,"serviceName":"x-formerly-twitter-unauth"},{"serviceId":64,"screenname":"Instagram","addedOn":1566206523346,"profileUrl":"https://www.instagram.com/ftforums/","iconEnabled":true,"serviceName":"instagram-unauth"},{"serviceId":65,"screenname":"LinkedIn","addedOn":1566206527692,"profileUrl":"https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/ft-forums","iconEnabled":true,"serviceName":"linkedin-unauth"}],"typekitId":"","statsMigrated":false,"imageMetadataProcessingEnabled":false,"screenshotId":"fa5ce7f4b16190fe0825bc4fc3320c0762f46ee553d5fc5fcfcc295b244a40f4","captchaSettings":{"siteKey":"","enabledForDonations":false},"showOwnerLogin":false},"websiteSettings":{"id":"5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e984","websiteId":"5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981","type":"Business","subjects":[],"country":"GB","state":"ENG","simpleLikingEnabled":true,"mobileInfoBarSettings":{"isContactEmailEnabled":false,"isContactPhoneNumberEnabled":false,"isLocationEnabled":false,"isBusinessHoursEnabled":false},"commentLikesAllowed":true,"commentAnonAllowed":true,"commentThreaded":true,"commentApprovalRequired":false,"commentAvatarsOn":true,"commentSortType":2,"commentFlagThreshold":0,"commentFlagsAllowed":true,"commentEnableByDefault":true,"commentDisableAfterDaysDefault":0,"disqusShortname":"","commentsEnabled":false,"storeSettings":{"returnPolicy":null,"termsOfService":null,"privacyPolicy":null,"expressCheckout":false,"continueShoppingLinkUrl":"/","useLightCart":false,"showNoteField":false,"shippingCountryDefaultValue":"US","billToShippingDefaultValue":false,"showShippingPhoneNumber":true,"isShippingPhoneRequired":false,"showBillingPhoneNumber":true,"isBillingPhoneRequired":false,"currenciesSupported":["CHF","HKD","MXN","EUR","DKK","USD","CAD","MYR","NOK","THB","AUD","SGD","ILS","PLN","GBP","CZK","SEK","NZD","PHP","RUB"],"defaultCurrency":"USD","selectedCurrency":"GBP","measurementStandard":1,"showCustomCheckoutForm":false,"checkoutPageMarketingOptInEnabled":false,"enableMailingListOptInByDefault":false,"sameAsRetailLocation":false,"merchandisingSettings":{"scarcityEnabledOnProductItems":false,"scarcityEnabledOnProductBlocks":false,"scarcityMessageType":"DEFAULT_SCARCITY_MESSAGE","scarcityThreshold":10,"multipleQuantityAllowedForServices":true,"restockNotificationsEnabled":false,"restockNotificationsSuccessText":"","restockNotificationsMailingListSignUpEnabled":false,"relatedProductsEnabled":false,"relatedProductsOrdering":"random","soldOutVariantsDropdownDisabled":false,"productComposerOptedIn":false,"productComposerABTestOptedOut":false,"productReviewsEnabled":false,"displayImportedProductReviewsEnabled":false,"hasOptedToCollectNativeReviews":false},"minimumOrderSubtotalEnabled":false,"minimumOrderSubtotal":{"currency":"GBP","value":"0.00"},"isLive":false,"multipleQuantityAllowedForServices":true},"useEscapeKeyToLogin":false,"ssBadgeType":1,"ssBadgePosition":4,"ssBadgeVisibility":1,"ssBadgeDevices":1,"pinterestOverlayOptions":{"mode":"disabled"},"ampEnabled":false,"userAccountsSettings":{"loginAllowed":false,"signupAllowed":false}},"cookieSettings":{"isCookieBannerEnabled":false,"isRestrictiveCookiePolicyEnabled":false,"cookieBannerText":"By using this website, you agree to our use of cookies. We use cookies to provide you with a great experience and to help our website run effectively.","cookieBannerTheme":"DARK","cookieBannerVariant":"POPUP","cookieBannerPosition":"BOTTOM_LEFT","cookieBannerCtaVariant":"ICON","cookieBannerCtaText":"OK","cookieBannerAcceptType":"OPT_IN","cookieBannerHasOptOut":false,"cookieBannerHasManageCookies":false,"cookieBannerSavedPreferencesLayout":"PILL"},"websiteCloneable":false,"collection":{"title":"Home","id":"5d446f808e81de0001dcd5d7","fullUrl":"/","type":1,"permissionType":1},"subscribed":false,"appDomain":"squarespace.com","templateTweakable":true,"tweakJSON":{"aspect-ratio":"Auto","gallery-arrow-style":"No Background","gallery-aspect-ratio":"3:2 Standard","gallery-auto-crop":"true","gallery-autoplay":"false","gallery-design":"Slideshow","gallery-info-overlay":"Show on Hover","gallery-loop":"false","gallery-navigation":"Bullets","gallery-show-arrows":"true","gallery-transitions":"Fade","galleryArrowBackground":"rgba(34,34,34,1)","galleryArrowColor":"rgba(255,255,255,1)","galleryAutoplaySpeed":"3","galleryCircleColor":"rgba(255,255,255,1)","galleryInfoBackground":"rgba(0, 0, 0, .7)","galleryThumbnailSize":"100px","gridSize":"350px","gridSpacing":"20px","tweak-blog-list-columns":"3","tweak-blog-list-item-image-aspect-ratio-grid":"4:3 Four-Three","tweak-blog-list-item-image-aspect-ratio-stacked":"1:1 Square","tweak-blog-list-item-image-show":"true","tweak-blog-list-spacing":"50px","tweak-blog-list-style":"Grid","tweak-footer-layout":"Stacked","tweak-header-bottom-overlay-on-index-gallery":"false","tweak-index-gallery-apply-bottom-spacing":"true","tweak-index-gallery-autoplay-duration":"2","tweak-index-gallery-autoplay-enable":"true","tweak-index-gallery-fixed-height":"true","tweak-index-gallery-height":"100vh","tweak-index-gallery-indicators":"Lines","tweak-index-gallery-layout":"Packed","tweak-index-gallery-transition":"Fade","tweak-index-gallery-transition-duration":"500","tweak-index-nav-position":"Right","tweak-index-page-apply-bottom-spacing":"false","tweak-index-page-fullscreen":"First Page Only","tweak-index-page-min-height":"100vh","tweak-mobile-breakpoint":"640px","tweak-overlay-parallax-enabled":"true","tweak-overlay-parallax-new-math":"true","tweak-product-item-image-zoom-factor":"2","tweak-product-list-item-hover-behavior":"Show Alternate Image","tweak-product-list-items-per-row":"4","tweak-related-products-items-per-row":"3","tweak-related-products-title-spacing":"50px","tweak-site-ajax-loading-enable":"true","tweak-site-border-show":"false","tweak-site-border-width":"0px"},"templateId":"6144a190b3bb124584a1447e","templateVersion":"7","pageFeatures":[1,2,4],"gmRenderKey":"QUl6YVN5Q0JUUk9xNkx1dkZfSUUxcjQ2LVQ0QWVUU1YtMGQ3bXk4","templateScriptsRootUrl":"https://static1.squarespace.com/static/ta/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/0/scripts/","impersonatedSession":false,"tzData":{"zones":[[0,"EU","GMT/BST",null]],"rules":{"EU":[[1981,"max",null,"Mar","lastSun","1:00u","1:00","S"],[1996,"max",null,"Oct","lastSun","1:00u","0",null]]}},"showAnnouncementBar":false,"recaptchaEnterpriseContext":{"recaptchaEnterpriseSiteKey":"6LdDFQwjAAAAAPigEvvPgEVbb7QBm-TkVJdDTlAv"},"i18nContext":{"timeZoneData":{"id":"Europe/London","name":"Greenwich Mean Time"}},"env":"PRODUCTION"};</script><script>Squarespace.load(window);</script> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="RSS Feed" href="https://forums.ft.com/ftforums-home?format=rss" /> <script type="application/ld+json">{"url":"https://forums.ft.com","name":"FT Forums","description":"","image":"//images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1608635131539-O3AFR2NBRBKHBS24W3H2/FT_FORUMS_2020_RGB_REV.png","@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"WebSite"}</script><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://static1.squarespace.com/static/sitecss/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1117/6144a190b3bb124584a1447e/6144a191b3bb124584a14481/0/site.css"/> <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-N523LPD');</script>   <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=AW-626388053"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'AW-626388053'); </script>  <script> function gtag_report_conversion(url) { var callback = function () { if (typeof(url) != 'undefined') { window.location = url; } }; gtag('event', 'conversion', { 'send_to': 'AW-626388053/wpzNCIneo6YDENXY16oC', 'event_callback': callback }); return false; } </script>  <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-NDCQRZF');</script>  <link rel="stylesheet" href="//www.ft.com/__origami/service/build/v2/bundles/css?modules=o-cookie-message%405.0.0"> <script type="text/javascript" src=https://secure.peak2poem.com/js/208897.js ></script> <noscript><img alt="" src=https://secure.peak2poem.com/208897.png style="display:none;" /></noscript>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-194134039-1"> </script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'UA-194134039-1'); </script>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=AW-626388053"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'AW-626388053'); </script><script>Static.COOKIE_BANNER_CAPABLE = true;</script> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-194134039-1"></script><script>window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);}gtag('js', new Date());gtag('set', 'developer_id.dZjQwMz', true);gtag('config', 'UA-194134039-1');</script> </head> <body id="collection-5d446f808e81de0001dcd5d7" class="tweak-social-icons-style-solid tweak-social-icons-shape-square tweak-site-width-option-full-background tweak-icon-weight-light tweak-site-ajax-loading-enable tweak-site-ajax-loading-bar-show ancillary-header-top-left-layout-horizontal ancillary-header-top-center-layout-horizontal ancillary-header-top-right-layout-horizontal ancillary-header-bottom-left-layout-horizontal ancillary-header-bottom-center-layout-horizontal ancillary-header-bottom-right-layout-horizontal ancillary-header-branding-position-top-left ancillary-header-tagline-position-hide ancillary-header-primary-nav-position-top-right ancillary-header-secondary-nav-position-top-right ancillary-header-social-position-hide ancillary-header-search-position-hide ancillary-header-cart-position-bottom-right ancillary-header-account-position-hide tweak-header-primary-nav-hover-style-spotlight tweak-header-primary-nav-button-style-solid tweak-header-primary-nav-button-shape-square tweak-header-secondary-nav-hover-style-button tweak-header-secondary-nav-button-style-outline tweak-header-secondary-nav-button-shape-square tweak-header-search-style-underlined tweak-header-search-placeholder-show tweak-header-cart-style-text tweak-header-account-style-icon tweak-overlay-parallax-enabled tweak-overlay-parallax-new-math tweak-index-nav-style-none tweak-index-nav-position-right tweak-index-nav-text-show tweak-index-page-fullscreen-first-page-only tweak-index-page-scroll-indicator-none tweak-index-page-scroll-indicator-icon-arrow tweak-index-page-scroll-indicator-icon-weight-light tweak-index-gallery-layout-packed tweak-index-gallery-spacing-sides-show tweak-index-gallery-spacing-top-bottom-show tweak-index-gallery-fixed-height tweak-index-gallery-apply-bottom-spacing tweak-index-gallery-hover-style-plain tweak-index-gallery-controls-small-arrows tweak-index-gallery-controls-icon-weight-hairline tweak-index-gallery-indicators-lines tweak-index-gallery-autoplay-enable tweak-index-gallery-transition-fade tweak-index-gallery-content-position-bottom-left tweak-index-gallery-content-text-alignment-left tweak-footer-show tweak-footer-layout-stacked tweak-footer-layout-columns-auto tweak-footer-stacked-alignment-center ancillary-mobile-bar-branding-position-top-left ancillary-mobile-bar-menu-icon-position-top-right tweak-mobile-bar-menu-icon-hamburger ancillary-mobile-bar-search-icon-position-hide ancillary-mobile-bar-cart-position-top-right tweak-mobile-bar-cart-style-cart-alternate ancillary-mobile-bar-account-position-top-right tweak-mobile-bar-account-style-text tweak-mobile-overlay-slide-origin-left tweak-mobile-overlay-close-show tweak-mobile-overlay-menu-primary-button-style-solid tweak-mobile-overlay-menu-primary-button-shape-square tweak-mobile-overlay-menu-secondary-inherit tweak-mobile-overlay-menu-secondary-button-style-solid tweak-mobile-overlay-menu-secondary-button-shape-square tweak-quote-block-alignment-left tweak-blog-meta-primary-author tweak-blog-meta-secondary-date tweak-blog-list-style-grid tweak-blog-list-separator-show tweak-blog-list-alignment-center tweak-blog-list-item-image-show tweak-blog-list-item-image-aspect-ratio-grid-43-four-three tweak-blog-list-item-image-aspect-ratio-stacked-11-square tweak-blog-list-item-title-show tweak-blog-list-item-excerpt-show tweak-blog-list-item-body-show tweak-blog-list-item-readmore-inline tweak-blog-list-item-meta-position-above-title tweak-blog-list-pagination-link-label-show tweak-blog-list-pagination-link-icon-show tweak-blog-list-pagination-link-icon-weight-light tweak-blog-item-alignment-center tweak-blog-item-meta-position-above-title tweak-blog-item-share-position-below-content tweak-blog-item-pagination-link-label-show tweak-blog-item-pagination-link-title-show tweak-blog-item-pagination-link-meta-category tweak-blog-item-pagination-link-icon-weight-light event-thumbnails event-thumbnail-size-32-standard event-date-label event-list-show-cats event-list-date event-list-time event-list-address event-excerpts event-item-back-link gallery-design-slideshow aspect-ratio-auto lightbox-style-dark gallery-navigation-bullets gallery-info-overlay-show-on-hover gallery-aspect-ratio-32-standard gallery-arrow-style-no-background gallery-transitions-fade gallery-show-arrows gallery-auto-crop tweak-product-list-image-aspect-ratio-23-standard-vertical tweak-product-list-item-hover-behavior-show-alternate-image tweak-product-list-meta-position-under tweak-product-list-mobile-meta-position-under tweak-product-list-meta-alignment-under-left tweak-product-list-meta-alignment-overlay-bottom-center tweak-product-list-show-title tweak-product-list-show-price tweak-product-list-filter-display-left-side tweak-product-list-filter-alignment-left tweak-product-item-nav-show-breadcrumb-and-pagination tweak-product-item-nav-pagination-style-previousnext tweak-product-item-nav-breadcrumb-alignment-left tweak-product-item-nav-pagination-alignment-split tweak-product-item-gallery-position-left tweak-product-item-gallery-design-stacked tweak-product-item-gallery-aspect-ratio-23-standard-vertical tweak-product-item-gallery-thumbnail-alignment-left tweak-product-item-details-alignment-left tweak-product-item-details-show-title tweak-product-item-details-show-price tweak-product-item-details-show-excerpt tweak-product-item-details-excerpt-position-below-price tweak-product-item-details-show-share-buttons tweak-product-item-details-show-variants tweak-product-item-details-show-quantity tweak-product-item-details-options-style-square tweak-product-item-details-show-add-to-cart-button tweak-product-item-details-add-to-cart-button-style-outline tweak-product-item-details-add-to-cart-button-shape-square tweak-product-item-details-add-to-cart-button-padding-medium tweak-product-item-image-zoom-enabled tweak-product-item-image-zoom-behavior-click tweak-product-item-lightbox-enabled tweak-related-products-image-aspect-ratio-11-square tweak-related-products-meta-alignment-under-center tweak-product-badge-style-rectangle tweak-product-badge-position-top-right tweak-product-badge-inset-floating newsletter-style-custom hide-opentable-icons opentable-style-dark small-button-style-solid small-button-shape-square medium-button-style-solid medium-button-shape-square large-button-style-solid large-button-shape-square image-block-poster-text-alignment-left image-block-card-dynamic-font-sizing image-block-card-content-position-center image-block-card-text-alignment-left image-block-overlap-dynamic-font-sizing image-block-overlap-content-position-center image-block-overlap-text-alignment-left image-block-collage-content-position-center image-block-collage-text-alignment-left image-block-stack-dynamic-font-sizing image-block-stack-text-alignment-left button-style-outline button-corner-style-square tweak-product-quick-view-button-style-docked tweak-product-quick-view-button-position-top tweak-product-quick-view-lightbox-excerpt-display-truncate tweak-product-quick-view-lightbox-show-arrows tweak-product-quick-view-lightbox-show-close-button tweak-product-quick-view-lightbox-controls-weight-light tweak-share-buttons-style-icon-only tweak-share-buttons-icons-show tweak-share-buttons-standard-background-color native-currency-code-gbp collection-type-index collection-layout-default collection-5d446f808e81de0001dcd5d7 homepage view-list mobile-style-available sqs-has-custom-cart has-logo-image has-tagline has-social has-parallax-images has-parallax-images enable-load-effects has-primary-nav has-secondary-nav has-footer-nav" data-controller="HashManager, SiteLoader, MobileClassname"> <div class="Loader"></div> <div class="Mobile" data-nc-base="mobile-bar" data-controller="AncillaryLayout"> <div class="Mobile-bar Mobile-bar--top" data-nc-group="top" data-controller="MobileOffset"> <div data-nc-container="top-left"> <a href="/" class="Mobile-bar-branding" data-nc-element="branding" data-content-field="site-title"> <img src="//images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1608635131539-O3AFR2NBRBKHBS24W3H2/FT_FORUMS_2020_RGB_REV.png?format=1500w" alt="FT Forums" class="Mobile-bar-branding-logo" /> </a> </div> <div data-nc-container="top-center"></div> <div data-nc-container="top-right"></div> </div> <div class="Mobile-bar Mobile-bar--bottom" data-nc-group="bottom" data-controller="MobileOffset"> <div data-nc-container="bottom-left"> <button class="Mobile-bar-menu" data-nc-element="menu-icon" data-controller-overlay="menu" data-controller="MobileOverlayToggle"> <svg class="Icon Icon--hamburger" viewBox="0 0 24 18"> <use xlink:href="/assets/ui-icons.svg#hamburger-icon--even" class="use--even"></use> <use xlink:href="/assets/ui-icons.svg#hamburger-icon--odd" class="use--odd"></use> </svg> <svg class="Icon Icon--hotdog" viewBox="0 0 24 14"> <use xlink:href="/assets/ui-icons.svg#hotdog-icon--even" class="use--even"></use> <use xlink:href="/assets/ui-icons.svg#hotdog-icon--odd" class="use--odd"></use> </svg> <svg class="Icon Icon--plus" viewBox="0 0 20 20"> <use xlink:href="/assets/ui-icons.svg#plus-icon--even" class="use--even"></use> <use xlink:href="/assets/ui-icons.svg#plus-icon--odd" class="use--odd"></use> </svg> <svg class="Icon Icon--dots-horizontal" viewBox="0 0 25 7"> <use xlink:href="/assets/ui-icons.svg#dots-horizontal-icon--even" class="use--even"></use> <use xlink:href="/assets/ui-icons.svg#dots-horizontal-icon--odd" class="use--odd"></use> </svg> <svg class="Icon Icon--dots-vertical" viewBox="0 0 7 25"> <use xlink:href="/assets/ui-icons.svg#dots-vertical-icon--even" class="use--even"></use> <use xlink:href="/assets/ui-icons.svg#dots-vertical-icon--odd" class="use--odd"></use> </svg> <svg class="Icon Icon--squares-horizontal" viewBox="0 0 25 7"> <use xlink:href="/assets/ui-icons.svg#squares-horizontal-icon--even" class="use--even"></use> <use xlink:href="/assets/ui-icons.svg#squares-horizontal-icon--odd" class="use--odd"></use> </svg> <svg class="Icon Icon--squares-vertical" viewBox="0 0 7 25"> <use xlink:href="/assets/ui-icons.svg#squares-vertical-icon--even" class="use--even"></use> <use xlink:href="/assets/ui-icons.svg#squares-vertical-icon--odd" class="use--odd"></use> </svg> </button> </div> <div data-nc-container="bottom-center"> </div> <div data-nc-container="bottom-right"> <a href="/search" class="Mobile-bar-search" data-nc-element="search-icon"> <svg class="Icon Icon--search" viewBox="0 0 20 20"> <use xlink:href="/assets/ui-icons.svg#search-icon"></use> </svg> </a> </div> </div> <div class="Mobile-overlay"> <div class="Mobile-overlay-menu" data-controller="MobileOverlayFolders"> <div class="Mobile-overlay-menu-main"> <nav class="Mobile-overlay-nav Mobile-overlay-nav--primary" data-content-field="navigation"> <a href="/" class="Mobile-overlay-nav-item"> Home </a> <button class="Mobile-overlay-nav-item Mobile-overlay-nav-item--folder" data-controller-folder-toggle="the-forums"> <span class="Mobile-overlay-nav-item--folder-label">The Forums</span> </button> <button class="Mobile-overlay-nav-item Mobile-overlay-nav-item--folder" data-controller-folder-toggle="member-areas"> <span class="Mobile-overlay-nav-item--folder-label">Members' Area</span> </button> <a href="/about-us" class="Mobile-overlay-nav-item"> About Us </a> </nav> <nav class="Mobile-overlay-nav Mobile-overlay-nav--secondary" data-content-field="navigation"> <a href="/join" class="Mobile-overlay-nav-item"> Join </a> </nav> </div> <div class="Mobile-overlay-folders" data-content-field="navigation"> <div class="Mobile-overlay-folder" data-controller-folder="the-forums"> <button class="Mobile-overlay-folder-item Mobile-overlay-folder-item--toggle" data-controller-folder-toggle="the-forums"> <span class="Mobile-overlay-folder-item--toggle-label">Back</span> </button> <a href="https://forums.ft.com/ft-ai-forum" class="Mobile-overlay-folder-item"> AI Forum </a> <a href="/chairs-forum" class="Mobile-overlay-folder-item"> Chairs' Forum </a> <a href="/climate-capital-council" class="Mobile-overlay-folder-item"> Climate Capital Council </a> <a href="/due-diligence-dinner-series" class="Mobile-overlay-folder-item"> Due Diligence Dinner Series </a> <a href="/due-diligence-forum" class="Mobile-overlay-folder-item"> Due Diligence Forum </a> <a href="/future-forum" class="Mobile-overlay-folder-item"> Future Forum </a> <a href="https://ft-forums.squarespace.com/ft-hr-forum" class="Mobile-overlay-folder-item"> HR Forum </a> <a href="ft-investing-in-america-series" class="Mobile-overlay-folder-item"> Investing in America Series </a> <a href="/moral-money-forum" class="Mobile-overlay-folder-item"> Moral Money Forum </a> <a href="/tech-for-growth-forum" class="Mobile-overlay-folder-item"> Tech For Growth Forum </a> <a href="/women-in-business-forum" class="Mobile-overlay-folder-item"> Women In Business Forum </a> <a href="/women-in-business-asia-forum" class="Mobile-overlay-folder-item"> Women In Business Asia Forum </a> </div> <div class="Mobile-overlay-folder" data-controller-folder="member-areas"> <button class="Mobile-overlay-folder-item Mobile-overlay-folder-item--toggle" data-controller-folder-toggle="member-areas"> <span class="Mobile-overlay-folder-item--toggle-label">Back</span> </button> <a href="/future-forum-membersarea" class="Mobile-overlay-folder-item"> Future Forum </a> <a href="/women-in-business-asia-forum-membersarea" class="Mobile-overlay-folder-item"> Women In Business Asia Forum </a> </div> </div> </div> <button class="Mobile-overlay-close" data-controller="MobileOverlayToggle"> <svg class="Icon Icon--close" viewBox="0 0 16 16"> <use xlink:href="/assets/ui-icons.svg#close-icon"></use> </svg> </button> <div class="Mobile-overlay-back" data-controller="MobileOverlayToggle"></div> </div> </div> <div class="Parallax-host-outer"> <div class="Parallax-host" data-parallax-host> <div class="Parallax-item" data-parallax-item data-parallax-id="5d540ce20a4d790001a17f59"></div> <div class="Parallax-item" data-parallax-item data-parallax-id="5d540cea56ffae00016ab3fa"></div> </div> </div> <div class="Site" data-nc-base="header" data-controller="AncillaryLayout"> <div class="sqs-announcement-bar-dropzone"></div> <header class="Header Header--top"> <div class="Header-inner Header-inner--top" data-nc-group="top"> <div data-nc-container="top-left"> <div class="Header-search" data-nc-element="search"> <form class="Header-search-form" action="/search" method="get"> <input class="Header-search-form-input" name="q" type="text" spellcheck="false" value="" autocomplete="off" placeholder="Search" /> <button class="Header-search-form-submit" type="submit" data-test="template-search"> <svg class="Icon Icon--search--small" viewBox="0 0 15 15"> <use xlink:href="/assets/ui-icons.svg#search-icon--small"></use> </svg> <svg class="Icon Icon--search" viewBox="0 0 20 20"> <use xlink:href="/assets/ui-icons.svg#search-icon"></use> </svg> </button> </form> </div> </div> <div data-nc-container="top-center"> <div class="Header-social" data-nc-element="social"> <nav class="SocialLinks" data-content-field="connected-accounts"> <div class="SocialLinks-inner"> <a href="https://x.com/ftforums" target="_blank" class="SocialLinks-link x-formerly-twitter-unauth" style=""> <div> <svg class="SocialLinks-link-svg" viewBox="0 0 64 64"> <use class="SocialLinks-link-icon" xlink:href="#x-formerly-twitter-unauth-icon"></use> <use class="SocialLinks-link-mask" xlink:href="#x-formerly-twitter-unauth-mask"></use> </svg> </div> </a><a href="https://www.instagram.com/ftforums/" target="_blank" class="SocialLinks-link instagram-unauth" style=""> <div> <svg class="SocialLinks-link-svg" viewBox="0 0 64 64"> <use class="SocialLinks-link-icon" xlink:href="#instagram-unauth-icon"></use> <use class="SocialLinks-link-mask" xlink:href="#instagram-unauth-mask"></use> </svg> </div> </a><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/ft-forums" target="_blank" class="SocialLinks-link linkedin-unauth" style=""> <div> <svg class="SocialLinks-link-svg" viewBox="0 0 64 64"> <use class="SocialLinks-link-icon" xlink:href="#linkedin-unauth-icon"></use> <use class="SocialLinks-link-mask" xlink:href="#linkedin-unauth-mask"></use> </svg> </div> </a> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div data-nc-container="top-right"> </div> </div> </header> <div class="Site-inner Site-inner--index" data-controller="HeaderOverlay"> <header class="Header Header--bottom Header--overlay"> <div class="Header-inner Header-inner--bottom" data-nc-group="bottom"> <div data-nc-container="bottom-left"> <nav class="Header-nav Header-nav--primary" data-nc-element="primary-nav" data-content-field="navigation"> <div class="Header-nav-inner"> <a href="/" class="Header-nav-item Header-nav-item--active" data-test="template-nav">Home</a><span class="Header-nav-item Header-nav-item--folder"> <a href="/the-forums" class="Header-nav-folder-title" data-controller="HeaderNavFolderTouch">The Forums</a> <span class="Header-nav-folder"> <a href="https://forums.ft.com/ft-ai-forum" class="Header-nav-folder-item">AI Forum</a> <a href="/chairs-forum" class="Header-nav-folder-item">Chairs' Forum</a> <a href="/climate-capital-council" class="Header-nav-folder-item">Climate Capital Council</a> <a href="/due-diligence-dinner-series" class="Header-nav-folder-item">Due Diligence Dinner Series</a> <a href="/due-diligence-forum" class="Header-nav-folder-item">Due Diligence Forum</a> <a href="/future-forum" class="Header-nav-folder-item">Future Forum</a> <a href="https://ft-forums.squarespace.com/ft-hr-forum" class="Header-nav-folder-item">HR Forum</a> <a href="ft-investing-in-america-series" class="Header-nav-folder-item">Investing in America Series</a> <a href="/moral-money-forum" class="Header-nav-folder-item">Moral Money Forum</a> <a href="/tech-for-growth-forum" class="Header-nav-folder-item">Tech For Growth Forum</a> <a href="/women-in-business-forum" class="Header-nav-folder-item">Women In Business Forum</a> <a href="/women-in-business-asia-forum" class="Header-nav-folder-item">Women In Business Asia Forum</a> </span> </span><span class="Header-nav-item Header-nav-item--folder"> <a href="/member-areas" class="Header-nav-folder-title" data-controller="HeaderNavFolderTouch">Members' Area</a> <span class="Header-nav-folder"> <a href="/future-forum-membersarea" class="Header-nav-folder-item">Future Forum</a> <a href="/women-in-business-asia-forum-membersarea" class="Header-nav-folder-item">Women In Business Asia Forum</a> </span> </span><a href="/about-us" class="Header-nav-item" data-test="template-nav">About Us</a> </div> </nav> </div> <div data-nc-container="bottom-center"> <a href="/" class="Header-branding" data-nc-element="branding" data-content-field="site-title"> <img src="//images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1608635131539-O3AFR2NBRBKHBS24W3H2/FT_FORUMS_2020_RGB_REV.png?format=1500w" alt="FT Forums" class="Header-branding-logo" /> </a> <div class="Header-tagline" data-nc-element="tagline">LEARN. CONNECT. LEAD.</div> </div> <div data-nc-container="bottom-right"> <nav class="Header-nav Header-nav--secondary" data-nc-element="secondary-nav" data-content-field="navigation"> <div class="Header-nav-inner"> <a href="/join" class="Header-nav-item" data-test="template-nav">Join</a> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </header> <div class="Content-outer"> <main class="Index" data-collection-id="5d446f808e81de0001dcd5d7" data-controller="IndexFirstSectionHeight, Parallax, IndexNavigation"> <section id="ftforums-intro" class="Index-page Index-page--has-image" data-parallax-original-element data-collection-id="5d540ce20a4d790001a17f59" data-parallax-id="5d540ce20a4d790001a17f59" data-edit-main-image="Background"> <div class="Index-page-scroll-indicator hidden" data-controller="ScrollIndicator"> <div class="Index-page-scroll-indicator-text">Scroll</div> <svg class="Index-page-scroll-indicator-arrow Icon Icon--caretLarge--down" viewBox="0 0 48 23"> <use xlink:href="/assets/ui-icons.svg#caret-down-large-icon"></use> </svg> <div class="Index-page-scroll-indicator-line"></div> </div> <div class="Index-page-content sqs-alternate-block-style-container"> <div class="sqs-layout sqs-grid-12 columns-12" data-type="page" data-updated-on="1711376485172" id="page-5d540ce20a4d790001a17f59"><div class="row sqs-row"><div class="col sqs-col-3 span-3"><div class="sqs-block spacer-block sqs-block-spacer" data-aspect-ratio="14.965986394557824" data-block-type="21" id="block-yui_3_17_2_1_1567099613619_6662"><div class="sqs-block-content"> </div></div></div><div class="col sqs-col-6 span-6"><div class="sqs-block code-block sqs-block-code" data-block-type="23" id="block-yui_3_17_2_1_1565969906598_23971"><div class="sqs-block-content"><div> <h1> <span style="font-size: 70px; line-height: 58px; text-align: centre;">Learn.<br>Connect.<br>Lead.</span> </h1> </div> </div></div><div class="sqs-block html-block sqs-block-html" data-block-type="2" data-border-radii="{"topLeft":{"unit":"px","value":0.0},"topRight":{"unit":"px","value":0.0},"bottomLeft":{"unit":"px","value":0.0},"bottomRight":{"unit":"px","value":0.0}}" id="block-6a4937602e8b36620d7a"><div class="sqs-block-content"> <div class="sqs-html-content"> <h3 style="white-space:pre-wrap;">FT Forums is a series of members-only communities, powered by the Financial Times. </h3> </div> </div></div><div class="sqs-block button-block sqs-block-button" data-block-type="53" id="block-yui_3_17_2_1_1701958980198_4076"><div class="sqs-block-content"> <div class="sqs-block-button-container sqs-block-button-container--center" data-animation-role="button" data-alignment="center" data-button-size="small" data-button-type="tertiary" > <a href="https://events.bizzabo.com/FTforumsenquiry?utm_source=website&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=inquiry" class="sqs-block-button-element--small sqs-button-element--tertiary sqs-block-button-element" target="_blank" > Enquire now </a> </div> </div></div></div><div class="col sqs-col-3 span-3"><div class="sqs-block spacer-block sqs-block-spacer sized vsize-1" data-block-type="21" id="block-yui_3_17_2_1_1567023850261_5711"><div class="sqs-block-content"> </div></div></div></div><div class="row sqs-row"><div class="col sqs-col-0 span-0"></div></div></div> </div> <figure class="Index-page-image" data-parallax-image-wrapper> <div data-controller="VideoBackground"> <div class="sqs-video-background content-fill" data-config-url="https://youtu.be/HhycfsmE2g4" data-config-playback-speed="0.5" data-config-filter="1" data-config-filter-strength="6"> <div id="player"></div> </div> </div> </figure> </section> <section id="ftforums-membership" class="Index-page" data-collection-id="5d540ce656ffae00016ab3e3" data-parallax-id="5d540ce656ffae00016ab3e3" data-edit-main-image="Background"> <div class="Index-page-content "> <div class="sqs-layout sqs-grid-12 columns-12" data-type="page" data-updated-on="1715764805540" id="page-5d540ce656ffae00016ab3e3"><div class="row sqs-row"><div class="col sqs-col-12 span-12"><div class="sqs-block html-block sqs-block-html" data-block-type="2" id="block-yui_3_17_2_1_1707746055202_5139"><div class="sqs-block-content"> <div class="sqs-html-content"> <h2 style="text-align:center;white-space:pre-wrap;">10 years of FT Forums</h2> </div> </div></div><div class="sqs-block spacer-block sqs-block-spacer" data-aspect-ratio="0.09523809523809523" data-block-type="21" id="block-yui_3_17_2_1_1707746055202_10392"><div class="sqs-block-content"> </div></div><div class="sqs-block video-block sqs-block-video" data-block-json="{"blockAnimation":"none","layout":"caption-hidden","overlay":false,"description":{},"hSize":null,"floatDir":null,"isOldBlock":false,"html":"<iframe width=\"200\" height=\"113\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/_00t2GQhyMk?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen title=\"10 Years Of FT Forums \u2013 A Decade Of Inspiring The Next Generation\u2019s Business Leaders\"></iframe>","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_00t2GQhyMk","width":200,"height":113,"providerName":"YouTube","thumbnailUrl":"https://i.ytimg.com/vi/_00t2GQhyMk/hqdefault.jpg","resolvedBy":"youtube"}" data-block-type="32" id="block-yui_3_17_2_1_1707406915555_25696"><div class="sqs-block-content"><div class="intrinsic" style="max-width:100%"><div class="embed-block-wrapper " style="padding-bottom:56.5%;"><div class="sqs-video-wrapper" data-provider-name="YouTube" data-html="<iframe width="200" height="113" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/_00t2GQhyMk?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen title="10 Years Of FT Forums – A Decade Of Inspiring The Next Generation’s Business Leaders"></iframe>"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="sqs-block spacer-block sqs-block-spacer sized vsize-1" data-block-type="21" id="block-yui_3_17_2_1_1707406915555_26387"><div class="sqs-block-content"> </div></div><div class="sqs-block html-block sqs-block-html" data-block-type="2" data-border-radii="{"topLeft":{"unit":"px","value":0.0},"topRight":{"unit":"px","value":0.0},"bottomLeft":{"unit":"px","value":0.0},"bottomRight":{"unit":"px","value":0.0}}" id="block-b2d365a0887e2f476cd9"><div class="sqs-block-content"> <div class="sqs-html-content"> <h1 style="text-align:center;white-space:pre-wrap;">Membership benefits</h1> </div> </div></div><div class="sqs-block spacer-block sqs-block-spacer sized vsize-1" data-aspect-ratio="0.09523809523809523" data-block-type="21" id="block-28f82be713359fe32cfd"><div class="sqs-block-content"> </div></div><div class="row sqs-row"><div class="col sqs-col-4 span-4"><div class="sqs-block code-block sqs-block-code" data-block-type="23" id="block-3df245ab335d2a52c56b"><div class="sqs-block-content"><div> <h2> <span style="color:#0a5e66">Learn</span> </h2> <p> Gain unique insights and fresh perspectives from leading industry figures and FT editors to help drive your career and business. </p> </div> </div></div></div><div class="col sqs-col-4 span-4"><div class="sqs-block code-block sqs-block-code" data-block-type="23" id="block-53190446919336cc436c"><div class="sqs-block-content"><div> <h2> <span style="color:#0a5e66">Connect</span> </h2> <p> Find out how other businesses and sectors approach major industry challenges through our structured networking and collaborative knowledge exchange sessions. </p> </div> </div></div></div><div class="col sqs-col-4 span-4"><div class="sqs-block code-block sqs-block-code" data-block-type="23" id="block-47efc18c17459894484b"><div class="sqs-block-content"><div> <h2> <span style="color:#0a5e66">Lead</span> </h2> <p> Receive tailored resources from our events and present key take-outs with colleagues and clients, positioning you as a thought leader. </p> </div> </div></div></div></div><div class="sqs-block spacer-block sqs-block-spacer sized vsize-1" data-aspect-ratio="0.9523809523809523" data-block-type="21" id="block-c0374757331671fded0e"><div class="sqs-block-content"> </div></div><div class="sqs-block button-block sqs-block-button" data-block-type="53" id="block-293988b6125d82c42ff9"><div class="sqs-block-content"> <div class="sqs-block-button-container sqs-block-button-container--center" data-animation-role="button" data-alignment="center" data-button-size="medium" data-button-type="primary" > <a href="https://events.bizzabo.com/FTforumsenquiry?utm_source=website&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=inquiry" class="sqs-block-button-element--medium sqs-button-element--primary sqs-block-button-element" target="_blank" > Become a member </a> </div> </div></div></div></div></div> </div> </section> <section id="ftforums-members" class="Index-page" data-collection-id="5d568264bec6630001bc8dd9" data-parallax-id="5d568264bec6630001bc8dd9" data-edit-main-image="Background"> <div class="Index-page-content "> <div class="sqs-layout sqs-grid-12 columns-12" data-type="page" data-updated-on="1725456644594" id="page-5d568264bec6630001bc8dd9"><div class="row sqs-row"><div class="col sqs-col-12 span-12"><div class="sqs-block html-block sqs-block-html" data-block-type="2" data-border-radii="{"topLeft":{"unit":"px","value":0.0},"topRight":{"unit":"px","value":0.0},"bottomLeft":{"unit":"px","value":0.0},"bottomRight":{"unit":"px","value":0.0}}" id="block-yui_3_17_2_1_1565950577268_26948"><div class="sqs-block-content"> <div class="sqs-html-content"> <h1 style="text-align:center;white-space:pre-wrap;">Members include</h1> </div> </div></div><div class="sqs-block spacer-block sqs-block-spacer sized vsize-1" data-aspect-ratio="0.09523809523809523" data-block-type="21" id="block-92c5ff93098026528c86"><div class="sqs-block-content"> </div></div><div class="row sqs-row"><div class="col sqs-col-4 span-4"><div class="sqs-block image-block sqs-block-image" data-block-type="5" id="block-d0563db5062a193f1f8d"><div class="sqs-block-content"> <div class=" image-block-outer-wrapper layout-caption-hidden design-layout-inline combination-animation-none individual-animation-none individual-text-animation-none " data-test="image-block-inline-outer-wrapper" > <figure class=" sqs-block-image-figure intrinsic " style="max-width:2267px;" > <div class="image-block-wrapper" data-animation-role="image" > <div class="sqs-image-shape-container-element has-aspect-ratio " style=" position: relative; padding-bottom:26.290252685546875%; overflow: hidden;-webkit-mask-image: -webkit-radial-gradient(white, black); " > <img data-stretch="false" data-src="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1566308086036-UHRLXL07G67GIMDWXFRC/Artboard+44.png" data-image="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1566308086036-UHRLXL07G67GIMDWXFRC/Artboard+44.png" data-image-dimensions="2267x596" data-image-focal-point="0.5,0.5" alt="Artboard 44.png" data-load="false" elementtiming="system-image-block" src="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1566308086036-UHRLXL07G67GIMDWXFRC/Artboard+44.png" width="2267" height="596" alt="" sizes="(max-width: 640px) 100vw, (max-width: 767px) 33.33333333333333vw, 33.33333333333333vw" style="display:block;object-fit: cover; width: 100%; height: 100%; object-position: 50% 50%" onload="this.classList.add("loaded")" srcset="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1566308086036-UHRLXL07G67GIMDWXFRC/Artboard+44.png?format=100w 100w, https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1566308086036-UHRLXL07G67GIMDWXFRC/Artboard+44.png?format=300w 300w, https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1566308086036-UHRLXL07G67GIMDWXFRC/Artboard+44.png?format=500w 500w, https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1566308086036-UHRLXL07G67GIMDWXFRC/Artboard+44.png?format=750w 750w, https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1566308086036-UHRLXL07G67GIMDWXFRC/Artboard+44.png?format=1000w 1000w, https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1566308086036-UHRLXL07G67GIMDWXFRC/Artboard+44.png?format=1500w 1500w, https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1566308086036-UHRLXL07G67GIMDWXFRC/Artboard+44.png?format=2500w 2500w" loading="lazy" decoding="async" data-loader="sqs"> </div> </div> </figure> </div> </div></div></div><div class="col sqs-col-4 span-4"><div class="sqs-block image-block sqs-block-image" data-block-type="5" id="block-6ec6d3ba5d729facc6d0"><div class="sqs-block-content"> <div class=" image-block-outer-wrapper layout-caption-hidden design-layout-inline combination-animation-none individual-animation-none individual-text-animation-none " data-test="image-block-inline-outer-wrapper" > <figure class=" sqs-block-image-figure intrinsic " style="max-width:2267px;" > <div class="image-block-wrapper" data-animation-role="image" > <div class="sqs-image-shape-container-element has-aspect-ratio " style=" position: relative; padding-bottom:26.290252685546875%; overflow: hidden;-webkit-mask-image: -webkit-radial-gradient(white, black); " > <img data-stretch="false" data-src="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1566307956096-B0HBSSCV5RHQ46WLOPRH/Finsbury.png" data-image="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1566307956096-B0HBSSCV5RHQ46WLOPRH/Finsbury.png" data-image-dimensions="2267x596" data-image-focal-point="0.5,0.5" alt="Finsbury.png" data-load="false" elementtiming="system-image-block" src="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1566307956096-B0HBSSCV5RHQ46WLOPRH/Finsbury.png" width="2267" height="596" alt="" sizes="(max-width: 640px) 100vw, (max-width: 767px) 33.33333333333333vw, 33.33333333333333vw" style="display:block;object-fit: cover; width: 100%; height: 100%; object-position: 50% 50%" onload="this.classList.add("loaded")" srcset="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1566307956096-B0HBSSCV5RHQ46WLOPRH/Finsbury.png?format=100w 100w, https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1566307956096-B0HBSSCV5RHQ46WLOPRH/Finsbury.png?format=300w 300w, https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1566307956096-B0HBSSCV5RHQ46WLOPRH/Finsbury.png?format=500w 500w, https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1566307956096-B0HBSSCV5RHQ46WLOPRH/Finsbury.png?format=750w 750w, https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1566307956096-B0HBSSCV5RHQ46WLOPRH/Finsbury.png?format=1000w 1000w, https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1566307956096-B0HBSSCV5RHQ46WLOPRH/Finsbury.png?format=1500w 1500w, https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1566307956096-B0HBSSCV5RHQ46WLOPRH/Finsbury.png?format=2500w 2500w" loading="lazy" decoding="async" data-loader="sqs"> </div> </div> </figure> </div> </div></div></div><div class="col sqs-col-4 span-4"><div class="sqs-block image-block sqs-block-image" data-block-type="5" id="block-4c3e6dd0f1ab98e58416"><div class="sqs-block-content"> <div class=" image-block-outer-wrapper layout-caption-hidden design-layout-inline combination-animation-none individual-animation-none individual-text-animation-none " data-test="image-block-inline-outer-wrapper" > <figure class=" sqs-block-image-figure intrinsic " style="max-width:900px;" > <div class="image-block-wrapper" data-animation-role="image" > <div class="sqs-image-shape-container-element has-aspect-ratio " style=" position: relative; padding-bottom:55.55555725097656%; overflow: hidden;-webkit-mask-image: -webkit-radial-gradient(white, black); " > <img data-stretch="false" data-src="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1601998217724-SJV473XO5ASYSL2CE1D0/astrazeneca-vector-logo.png" data-image="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1601998217724-SJV473XO5ASYSL2CE1D0/astrazeneca-vector-logo.png" data-image-dimensions="900x500" data-image-focal-point="0.5,0.5" alt="" data-load="false" elementtiming="system-image-block" src="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1601998217724-SJV473XO5ASYSL2CE1D0/astrazeneca-vector-logo.png" width="900" height="500" alt="" sizes="(max-width: 640px) 100vw, (max-width: 767px) 33.33333333333333vw, 33.33333333333333vw" style="display:block;object-fit: cover; width: 100%; height: 100%; object-position: 50% 50%" onload="this.classList.add("loaded")" srcset="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1601998217724-SJV473XO5ASYSL2CE1D0/astrazeneca-vector-logo.png?format=100w 100w, https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1601998217724-SJV473XO5ASYSL2CE1D0/astrazeneca-vector-logo.png?format=300w 300w, https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1601998217724-SJV473XO5ASYSL2CE1D0/astrazeneca-vector-logo.png?format=500w 500w, https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1601998217724-SJV473XO5ASYSL2CE1D0/astrazeneca-vector-logo.png?format=750w 750w, https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1601998217724-SJV473XO5ASYSL2CE1D0/astrazeneca-vector-logo.png?format=1000w 1000w, https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1601998217724-SJV473XO5ASYSL2CE1D0/astrazeneca-vector-logo.png?format=1500w 1500w, https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1601998217724-SJV473XO5ASYSL2CE1D0/astrazeneca-vector-logo.png?format=2500w 2500w" loading="lazy" decoding="async" data-loader="sqs"> </div> </div> </figure> </div> </div></div></div></div><div class="row sqs-row"><div class="col sqs-col-6 span-6"><div class="sqs-block image-block sqs-block-image" data-aspect-ratio="26.160337552742618" data-block-type="5" id="block-44f35c40d807e9df0785"><div class="sqs-block-content"> <div class=" image-block-outer-wrapper layout-caption-hidden design-layout-inline combination-animation-none individual-animation-none individual-text-animation-none " data-test="image-block-inline-outer-wrapper" > <figure class=" sqs-block-image-figure intrinsic " style="max-width:788px;" > <div class="image-block-wrapper" data-animation-role="image" > <div class="sqs-image-shape-container-element has-aspect-ratio " style=" position: relative; padding-bottom:26.160337448120117%; overflow: hidden;-webkit-mask-image: -webkit-radial-gradient(white, black); " > <img data-stretch="false" data-src="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/8c6b074b-4a03-4954-938b-2b7c857ceff7/Springer+Nature+logo+%281%29.jpg" data-image="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/8c6b074b-4a03-4954-938b-2b7c857ceff7/Springer+Nature+logo+%281%29.jpg" data-image-dimensions="788x314" data-image-focal-point="0.5,0.5" alt="" data-load="false" elementtiming="system-image-block" src="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/8c6b074b-4a03-4954-938b-2b7c857ceff7/Springer+Nature+logo+%281%29.jpg" width="788" height="314" alt="" sizes="(max-width: 640px) 100vw, (max-width: 767px) 50vw, 50vw" style="display:block;object-fit: cover; width: 100%; height: 100%; object-position: 50% 50%" onload="this.classList.add("loaded")" srcset="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/8c6b074b-4a03-4954-938b-2b7c857ceff7/Springer+Nature+logo+%281%29.jpg?format=100w 100w, https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/8c6b074b-4a03-4954-938b-2b7c857ceff7/Springer+Nature+logo+%281%29.jpg?format=300w 300w, https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/8c6b074b-4a03-4954-938b-2b7c857ceff7/Springer+Nature+logo+%281%29.jpg?format=500w 500w, https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/8c6b074b-4a03-4954-938b-2b7c857ceff7/Springer+Nature+logo+%281%29.jpg?format=750w 750w, https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/8c6b074b-4a03-4954-938b-2b7c857ceff7/Springer+Nature+logo+%281%29.jpg?format=1000w 1000w, https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/8c6b074b-4a03-4954-938b-2b7c857ceff7/Springer+Nature+logo+%281%29.jpg?format=1500w 1500w, https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/8c6b074b-4a03-4954-938b-2b7c857ceff7/Springer+Nature+logo+%281%29.jpg?format=2500w 2500w" loading="lazy" decoding="async" data-loader="sqs"> </div> </div> </figure> </div> </div></div></div><div class="col sqs-col-6 span-6"><div class="sqs-block image-block sqs-block-image" data-block-type="5" id="block-yui_3_17_2_1_1567074688909_15289"><div class="sqs-block-content"> <div class=" image-block-outer-wrapper layout-caption-hidden design-layout-inline combination-animation-none individual-animation-none individual-text-animation-none " data-test="image-block-inline-outer-wrapper" > <figure class=" sqs-block-image-figure intrinsic " style="max-width:500px;" > <div class="image-block-wrapper" data-animation-role="image" > <div class="sqs-image-shape-container-element has-aspect-ratio " style=" position: relative; padding-bottom:39.39999771118164%; overflow: hidden;-webkit-mask-image: -webkit-radial-gradient(white, black); " > <img data-stretch="false" data-src="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1567074734088-6XX0O2OUXJRLDF7SFBJ5/Bridgepoint.png" data-image="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1567074734088-6XX0O2OUXJRLDF7SFBJ5/Bridgepoint.png" data-image-dimensions="500x197" data-image-focal-point="0.5,0.5" alt="Bridgepoint.png" data-load="false" elementtiming="system-image-block" src="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1567074734088-6XX0O2OUXJRLDF7SFBJ5/Bridgepoint.png" width="500" height="197" alt="" sizes="(max-width: 640px) 100vw, (max-width: 767px) 50vw, 50vw" style="display:block;object-fit: cover; width: 100%; height: 100%; object-position: 50% 50%" onload="this.classList.add("loaded")" srcset="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1567074734088-6XX0O2OUXJRLDF7SFBJ5/Bridgepoint.png?format=100w 100w, https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1567074734088-6XX0O2OUXJRLDF7SFBJ5/Bridgepoint.png?format=300w 300w, https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1567074734088-6XX0O2OUXJRLDF7SFBJ5/Bridgepoint.png?format=500w 500w, https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1567074734088-6XX0O2OUXJRLDF7SFBJ5/Bridgepoint.png?format=750w 750w, https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1567074734088-6XX0O2OUXJRLDF7SFBJ5/Bridgepoint.png?format=1000w 1000w, https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1567074734088-6XX0O2OUXJRLDF7SFBJ5/Bridgepoint.png?format=1500w 1500w, https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1567074734088-6XX0O2OUXJRLDF7SFBJ5/Bridgepoint.png?format=2500w 2500w" loading="lazy" decoding="async" data-loader="sqs"> </div> </div> </figure> </div> </div></div></div><div class="col sqs-col-0 span-0"></div></div><div class="sqs-block spacer-block sqs-block-spacer sized vsize-1" data-aspect-ratio="0.09523809523809523" data-block-type="21" id="block-67340e844b74e73e724f"><div class="sqs-block-content"> </div></div></div></div></div> </div> </section> <section id="theforums" class="Index-page" data-collection-id="5d56834c239e2600017a2a7d" data-parallax-id="5d56834c239e2600017a2a7d" data-edit-main-image="Background"> <div class="Index-page-content "> <div class="sqs-layout sqs-grid-12 columns-12" data-type="page" data-updated-on="1726238083736" id="page-5d56834c239e2600017a2a7d"><div class="row sqs-row"><div class="col sqs-col-12 span-12"><div class="sqs-block code-block sqs-block-code" data-block-type="23" id="block-yui_3_17_2_1_1565951478181_25980"><div class="sqs-block-content"><div> <h1 style="text-align: center;"> <span style="color:#ffffff;">The Forums</span> </h1> </div></div></div><div class="sqs-block summary-v2-block sqs-block-summary-v2" data-block-json="{"hSize":null,"floatDir":null,"collectionId":"5d5432700a93700001e9a972","design":"carousel","headerText":"Featured","textSize":"medium","pageSize":25,"imageAspectRatio":"1.7778","columnWidth":270,"gutter":60,"listImageSize":30,"listImageAlignment":"left","slidesPerRow":3,"textAlignment":"left","showTitle":true,"showThumbnail":true,"showExcerpt":false,"showReadMoreLink":false,"showPrice":true,"productQuickViewEnabled":false,"showPastOrUpcomingEvents":"upcoming","metadataPosition":"below-content","primaryMetadata":"none","secondaryMetadata":"none","filter":{},"autoCrop":true,"lightbox":false,"mixedContent":true,"blockId":"451c8bbea06ce4e5b351"}" data-block-type="55" data-border-radii="{"topLeft":{"unit":"px","value":0.0},"topRight":{"unit":"px","value":0.0},"bottomLeft":{"unit":"px","value":0.0},"bottomRight":{"unit":"px","value":0.0}}" id="block-yui_3_17_2_1_1565951478181_4475"><div class="sqs-block-content"> <div class=" summary-block-wrapper summary-block-collection-type-blog summary-block-setting-text-size-medium summary-block-setting-text-align-left summary-block-setting-design-carousel summary-block-setting-design-list-thumbnail-left summary-block-setting-metadata-position-below-content summary-block-setting-primary-metadata-none summary-block-setting-secondary-metadata-none summary-block-setting-show-thumbnail summary-block-setting-show-title summary-block-setting-show-price summary-block-setting-hide-excerpt sqs-gallery-design-carousel " > <div class="summary-item-list-container sqs-gallery-container"> <header class="summary-block-header"> <div class="summary-heading" data-animation-role="content"> <span class="summary-header-text">Featured</span> </div> <div class="summary-carousel-pager sqs-gallery-controls" data-animation-role="content"> <span class="summary-carousel-pager-prev previous" tabindex="0" role="button" aria-label="Previous" ></span> <span class="summary-carousel-pager-next next" tabindex="0" role="button" aria-label="Next" ></span> </div> </header> <div class="summary-item-list sqs-gallery"> <div class=" summary-item summary-item-record-type-text sqs-gallery-design-carousel-slide summary-item-has-thumbnail summary-item-has-author " > <div class="summary-thumbnail-outer-container"> <a href="ft-hr-forum" class=" summary-thumbnail-container sqs-gallery-image-container " data-title="A community for senior HR leaders seeking new insights and sharing knowledge on the people issues driving their business." data-description="" > <div class="summary-thumbnail img-wrapper" data-animation-role="image" style="">  <img data-src="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1726243000729-THO7LE0R3RPTS1I915FO/HR-Forum-Logo.png" data-image="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1726243000729-THO7LE0R3RPTS1I915FO/HR-Forum-Logo.png" data-image-dimensions="1080x1080" data-image-focal-point="0.5,0.5" alt="A community for senior HR leaders seeking new insights and sharing knowledge on the people issues driving their business." data-load="false" class="summary-thumbnail-image" elementtiming="summary-thumbnail-image-carousel" /> </div> </a>  </div> <div class="summary-content sqs-gallery-meta-container" data-animation-role="content"> <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--above-title"> <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary"> </div> <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> </div> </div> <div class="summary-title"> <a href="ft-hr-forum" class="summary-title-link">A community for senior HR leaders seeking new insights and sharing knowledge on the people issues driving their business.</a></div> <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--below-title"> <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary"> </div> <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> </div> </div> <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--below-content"> <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary"> </div> <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class=" summary-item summary-item-record-type-text sqs-gallery-design-carousel-slide summary-item-has-thumbnail summary-item-has-author " > <div class="summary-thumbnail-outer-container"> <a href="https://forums.ft.com/ft-investing-in-america-series" class=" summary-thumbnail-container sqs-gallery-image-container " data-title="FT-Nikkei series on leading cities in the US for overseas businesses." data-description="" > <div class="summary-thumbnail img-wrapper" data-animation-role="image" style="">  <img data-src="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1723800095874-AXM0594IVNC1NN9TU16M/FT_FORUM_IAS_RGB.png" data-image="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1723800095874-AXM0594IVNC1NN9TU16M/FT_FORUM_IAS_RGB.png" data-image-dimensions="750x413" data-image-focal-point="0.5,0.5" alt="FT-Nikkei series on leading cities in the US for overseas businesses." data-load="false" class="summary-thumbnail-image" elementtiming="summary-thumbnail-image-carousel" /> </div> </a>  </div> <div class="summary-content sqs-gallery-meta-container" data-animation-role="content"> <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--above-title"> <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary"> </div> <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> </div> </div> <div class="summary-title"> <a href="https://forums.ft.com/ft-investing-in-america-series" class="summary-title-link">FT-Nikkei series on leading cities in the US for overseas businesses.</a></div> <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--below-title"> <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary"> </div> <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> </div> </div> <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--below-content"> <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary"> </div> <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class=" summary-item summary-item-record-type-text sqs-gallery-design-carousel-slide summary-item-has-thumbnail summary-item-has-author " > <div class="summary-thumbnail-outer-container"> <a href="moral-money-forum" class=" summary-thumbnail-container sqs-gallery-image-container " data-title="Your guide to better business and finance." data-description="" > <div class="summary-thumbnail img-wrapper" data-animation-role="image" style="">  <img data-src="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1677244887059-E2VHRWGWRHURD1KWTSH0/Moral+Money+Forum.png" data-image="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1677244887059-E2VHRWGWRHURD1KWTSH0/Moral+Money+Forum.png" data-image-dimensions="1000x550" data-image-focal-point="0.5,0.5" alt="Your guide to better business and finance." data-load="false" class="summary-thumbnail-image" elementtiming="summary-thumbnail-image-carousel" /> </div> </a>  </div> <div class="summary-content sqs-gallery-meta-container" data-animation-role="content"> <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--above-title"> <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary"> </div> <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> </div> </div> <div class="summary-title"> <a href="moral-money-forum" class="summary-title-link">Your guide to better business and finance.</a></div> <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--below-title"> <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary"> </div> <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> </div> </div> <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--below-content"> <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary"> </div> <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class=" summary-item summary-item-record-type-text sqs-gallery-design-carousel-slide summary-item-has-thumbnail summary-item-has-author " > <div class="summary-thumbnail-outer-container"> <a href="climate-capital-council" class=" summary-thumbnail-container sqs-gallery-image-container " data-title="Your guide to green business." data-description="" > <div class="summary-thumbnail img-wrapper" data-animation-role="image" style="">  <img data-src="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1677244331363-7YE9D50L41WVQ4PXNM24/CCC.png" data-image="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1677244331363-7YE9D50L41WVQ4PXNM24/CCC.png" data-image-dimensions="1000x550" data-image-focal-point="0.5,0.5" alt="Your guide to green business." data-load="false" class="summary-thumbnail-image" elementtiming="summary-thumbnail-image-carousel" /> </div> </a>  </div> <div class="summary-content sqs-gallery-meta-container" data-animation-role="content"> <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--above-title"> <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary"> </div> <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> </div> </div> <div class="summary-title"> <a href="climate-capital-council" class="summary-title-link">Your guide to green business.</a></div> <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--below-title"> <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary"> </div> <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> </div> </div> <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--below-content"> <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary"> </div> <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class=" summary-item summary-item-record-type-text sqs-gallery-design-carousel-slide summary-item-has-thumbnail summary-item-has-author " > <div class="summary-thumbnail-outer-container"> <a href="tech-for-growth-forum" class=" summary-thumbnail-container sqs-gallery-image-container " data-title="A think tank to help leaders close the gap between the far reaching possibilities and the real-life adoption of technology." data-description="" > <div class="summary-thumbnail img-wrapper" data-animation-role="image" style="">  <img data-src="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1677243963376-WUQS0TXNB2MHI241U53C/Tech-4-Growth.png" data-image="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1677243963376-WUQS0TXNB2MHI241U53C/Tech-4-Growth.png" data-image-dimensions="1000x550" data-image-focal-point="0.5,0.5" alt="A think tank to help leaders close the gap between the far reaching possibilities and the real-life adoption of technology." data-load="false" class="summary-thumbnail-image" elementtiming="summary-thumbnail-image-carousel" /> </div> </a>  </div> <div class="summary-content sqs-gallery-meta-container" data-animation-role="content"> <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--above-title"> <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary"> </div> <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> </div> </div> <div class="summary-title"> <a href="tech-for-growth-forum" class="summary-title-link">A think tank to help leaders close the gap between the far reaching possibilities and the real-life adoption of technology.</a></div> <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--below-title"> <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary"> </div> <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> </div> </div> <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--below-content"> <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary"> </div> <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class=" summary-item summary-item-record-type-text sqs-gallery-design-carousel-slide summary-item-has-thumbnail summary-item-has-author " > <div class="summary-thumbnail-outer-container"> <a href="future-forum" class=" summary-thumbnail-container sqs-gallery-image-container " data-title="An authoritative space for business leaders to share ideas, build relationships and develop solutions to future challenges. " data-description="" > <div class="summary-thumbnail img-wrapper" data-animation-role="image" style="">  <img data-src="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1677243573388-HJ5YZ15ASZ7JI956P7KZ/FF.png" data-image="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1677243573388-HJ5YZ15ASZ7JI956P7KZ/FF.png" data-image-dimensions="1000x550" data-image-focal-point="0.5,0.5" alt="An authoritative space for business leaders to share ideas, build relationships and develop solutions to future challenges. " data-load="false" class="summary-thumbnail-image" elementtiming="summary-thumbnail-image-carousel" /> </div> </a>  </div> <div class="summary-content sqs-gallery-meta-container" data-animation-role="content"> <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--above-title"> <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary"> </div> <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> </div> </div> <div class="summary-title"> <a href="future-forum" class="summary-title-link">An authoritative space for business leaders to share ideas, build relationships and develop solutions to future challenges. </a></div> <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--below-title"> <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary"> </div> <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> </div> </div> <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--below-content"> <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary"> </div> <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class=" summary-item summary-item-record-type-text sqs-gallery-design-carousel-slide summary-item-has-thumbnail summary-item-has-author " > <div class="summary-thumbnail-outer-container"> <a href="women-in-business-forum" class=" summary-thumbnail-container sqs-gallery-image-container " data-title="Women In Business Forum is a career development programme designed to help mid-career female executives accelerate into senior leadership." data-description="" > <div class="summary-thumbnail img-wrapper" data-animation-role="image" style="">  <img data-src="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1677243192890-OQ9C75XCXW2XIIEABT8P/WIB.png" data-image="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1677243192890-OQ9C75XCXW2XIIEABT8P/WIB.png" data-image-dimensions="1000x550" data-image-focal-point="0.5,0.5" alt="Women In Business Forum is a career development programme designed to help mid-career female executives accelerate into senior leadership." data-load="false" class="summary-thumbnail-image" elementtiming="summary-thumbnail-image-carousel" /> </div> </a>  </div> <div class="summary-content sqs-gallery-meta-container" data-animation-role="content"> <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--above-title"> <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary"> </div> <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> </div> </div> <div class="summary-title"> <a href="women-in-business-forum" class="summary-title-link">Women In Business Forum is a career development programme designed to help mid-career female executives accelerate into senior leadership.</a></div> <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--below-title"> <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary"> </div> <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> </div> </div> <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--below-content"> <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary"> </div> <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class=" summary-item summary-item-record-type-text sqs-gallery-design-carousel-slide summary-item-has-thumbnail summary-item-has-author " > <div class="summary-thumbnail-outer-container"> <a href="due-diligence-forum" class=" summary-thumbnail-container sqs-gallery-image-container " data-title="A more reflective and thoughtful space to better understand the world of finance and business." data-description="" > <div class="summary-thumbnail img-wrapper" data-animation-role="image" style="">  <img data-src="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1677243225918-JRNZTCTK733KC57OMNBW/Due-Diligence.png" data-image="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1677243225918-JRNZTCTK733KC57OMNBW/Due-Diligence.png" data-image-dimensions="1000x550" data-image-focal-point="0.5,0.5" alt="A more reflective and thoughtful space to better understand the world of finance and business." data-load="false" class="summary-thumbnail-image" elementtiming="summary-thumbnail-image-carousel" /> </div> </a>  </div> <div class="summary-content sqs-gallery-meta-container" data-animation-role="content"> <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--above-title"> <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary"> </div> <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> </div> </div> <div class="summary-title"> <a href="due-diligence-forum" class="summary-title-link">A more reflective and thoughtful space to better understand the world of finance and business.</a></div> <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--below-title"> <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary"> </div> <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> </div> </div> <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--below-content"> <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary"> </div> <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class=" summary-item summary-item-record-type-text sqs-gallery-design-carousel-slide summary-item-has-thumbnail summary-item-has-author " > <div class="summary-thumbnail-outer-container"> <a href="/women-in-business-asia-forum" class=" summary-thumbnail-container sqs-gallery-image-container " data-title="Women In Business Asia Forum is a career development programme designed to help mid-career female executives accelerate into senior leadership." data-description="" > <div class="summary-thumbnail img-wrapper" data-animation-role="image" style="">  <img data-src="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1677243286602-ZPZM5R22AZGT34Z0M06E/WIBA.png" data-image="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1677243286602-ZPZM5R22AZGT34Z0M06E/WIBA.png" data-image-dimensions="1000x550" data-image-focal-point="0.5,0.5" alt="Women In Business Asia Forum is a career development programme designed to help mid-career female executives accelerate into senior leadership." data-load="false" class="summary-thumbnail-image" elementtiming="summary-thumbnail-image-carousel" /> </div> </a>  </div> <div class="summary-content sqs-gallery-meta-container" data-animation-role="content"> <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--above-title"> <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary"> </div> <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> </div> </div> <div class="summary-title"> <a href="/women-in-business-asia-forum" class="summary-title-link">Women In Business Asia Forum is a career development programme designed to help mid-career female executives accelerate into senior leadership.</a></div> <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--below-title"> <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary"> </div> <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> </div> </div> <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--below-content"> <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary"> </div> <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class=" summary-item summary-item-record-type-text sqs-gallery-design-carousel-slide summary-item-has-thumbnail summary-item-has-author " > <div class="summary-thumbnail-outer-container"> <a href="chairs-forum" class=" summary-thumbnail-container sqs-gallery-image-container " data-title="Chairs' Forum is an exclusive community for FTSE 350 chairmen. " data-description="" > <div class="summary-thumbnail img-wrapper" data-animation-role="image" style="">  <img data-src="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1677243256645-LKL6FOZ53NUTS0PK65FA/Chairs-Forums.png" data-image="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1677243256645-LKL6FOZ53NUTS0PK65FA/Chairs-Forums.png" data-image-dimensions="1000x550" data-image-focal-point="0.5,0.5" alt="Chairs' Forum is an exclusive community for FTSE 350 chairmen. " data-load="false" class="summary-thumbnail-image" elementtiming="summary-thumbnail-image-carousel" /> </div> </a>  </div> <div class="summary-content sqs-gallery-meta-container" data-animation-role="content"> <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--above-title"> <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary"> </div> <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> </div> </div> <div class="summary-title"> <a href="chairs-forum" class="summary-title-link">Chairs' Forum is an exclusive community for FTSE 350 chairmen. </a></div> <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--below-title"> <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary"> </div> <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> </div> </div> <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--below-content"> <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary"> </div> <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div></div></div></div> </div> </section> <section id="ftforums-stats" class="Index-page Index-page--has-image" data-parallax-original-element data-collection-id="5d540cea56ffae00016ab3fa" data-parallax-id="5d540cea56ffae00016ab3fa" data-edit-main-image="Background"> <div class="Index-page-content sqs-alternate-block-style-container"> <div class="sqs-layout sqs-grid-12 columns-12" data-type="page" data-updated-on="1700164487930" id="page-5d540cea56ffae00016ab3fa"><div class="row sqs-row"><div class="col sqs-col-12 span-12"><div class="row sqs-row"><div class="col sqs-col-4 span-4"><div class="sqs-block code-block sqs-block-code" data-block-type="23" id="block-055aa46d611cba32d050"><div class="sqs-block-content"><div class="stats" style="text-align: center; text-shadow: 1px 1px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);" > <h1> <span style="font-size:70px">9</span> </h1> <h2> Forums </h2> </div></div></div></div><div class="col sqs-col-4 span-4"><div class="sqs-block code-block sqs-block-code" data-block-type="23" id="block-423a882665e927b5a1b4"><div class="sqs-block-content"><div class="stats" style="text-align: center; text-shadow: 1px 1px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);" > <h1> <span style="font-size:70px">60</span> </h1> <h2> Corporate Members </h2> </div></div></div></div><div class="col sqs-col-4 span-4"><div class="sqs-block code-block sqs-block-code" data-block-type="23" id="block-b8bb437c0c3f68c40f2d"><div class="sqs-block-content"><div class="stats" style="text-align: center; text-shadow: 1px 1px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);" > <h1> <span style="font-size:70px">40</span> </h1> <h2> Events Per Year </h2> </div></div></div></div></div><div class="sqs-block html-block sqs-block-html" data-block-type="2" data-border-radii="{"topLeft":{"unit":"px","value":0.0},"topRight":{"unit":"px","value":0.0},"bottomLeft":{"unit":"px","value":0.0},"bottomRight":{"unit":"px","value":0.0}}" id="block-e9665ddc37e18cad7c4f"><div class="sqs-block-content"> <div class="sqs-html-content"> <p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> </p> </div> </div></div></div></div></div> </div> <figure class="Index-page-image" data-parallax-image-wrapper> <img data-src="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1565974307174-EH1DPNTNYY7F4IEDGN5W/Stats2.jpg" data-image="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1565974307174-EH1DPNTNYY7F4IEDGN5W/Stats2.jpg" data-image-dimensions="2500x1669" data-image-focal-point="0.4900900900900901,0.3214584689796298" alt="Stats2.jpg" data-load="false" /> </figure> </section> <section id="ftforums-speakers" class="Index-page" data-collection-id="5d540cf31501d70001383031" data-parallax-id="5d540cf31501d70001383031" data-edit-main-image="Background"> <div class="Index-page-content "> <div class="sqs-layout sqs-grid-12 columns-12" data-type="page" data-updated-on="1675428198688" id="page-5d540cf31501d70001383031"><div class="row sqs-row"><div class="col sqs-col-12 span-12"><div class="sqs-block html-block sqs-block-html" data-block-type="2" data-border-radii="{"topLeft":{"unit":"px","value":0.0},"topRight":{"unit":"px","value":0.0},"bottomLeft":{"unit":"px","value":0.0},"bottomRight":{"unit":"px","value":0.0}}" id="block-2186529a896ed55558bf"><div class="sqs-block-content"> <div class="sqs-html-content"> <h1 style="text-align:center;white-space:pre-wrap;">World class speakers</h1> </div> </div></div><div class="sqs-block spacer-block sqs-block-spacer sized vsize-1" data-block-type="21" id="block-yui_3_17_2_1_1565961657640_5341"><div class="sqs-block-content"> </div></div><div class="sqs-block gallery-block sqs-block-gallery" data-block-json="{"hSize":null,"floatDir":null,"methodOption":"transient","existingGallery":null,"newWindow":false,"aspectRatio":null,"auto-crop":true,"autoplay":true,"autoplay-duration":5,"blockAnimation":"none","collectionId":"5d56d1907f93d600011e4467","controls":true,"design":"slideshow","meta-position":"bottom-left","show-meta":true,"show-meta-basic":true,"show-meta-only-title":false,"show-meta-only-description":false,"show-meta-on-hover":false,"square-thumbs":true,"thumbnails":false,"vSize":null,"transientGalleryId":"5d56d1907f93d600011e4467"}" data-block-type="8" id="block-yui_3_17_2_1_1565961657640_6937"><div class="sqs-block-content"> <div class=" sqs-gallery-container sqs-gallery-block-slideshow sqs-gallery-has-controls sqs-gallery-block-show-meta sqs-gallery-block-meta-position-bottom-left sqs-gallery-block-show-meta block-animation-none clear" > <div class="sqs-gallery"> <div class="slide content-fill" data-type="image" data-click-through-url=""> <noscript><img src="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1565970899122-NAUNAYNC1TYVOWWL98OL/ftforums_wcs8.jpg" alt="Bill Gates, Co-chair, Bill &amp; Melinda Gates Foundation" /></noscript><img class="thumb-image" elementtiming="system-gallery-block-slideshow" data-src="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1565970899122-NAUNAYNC1TYVOWWL98OL/ftforums_wcs8.jpg" data-image="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1565970899122-NAUNAYNC1TYVOWWL98OL/ftforums_wcs8.jpg" data-image-dimensions="2500x1667" data-image-focal-point="0.5,0.5" alt="Bill Gates, Co-chair, Bill &amp; Melinda Gates Foundation" data-load="false" data-image-id="5d56d1c53d7ede00017a7ecf" data-type="image" /> <div class="meta"> <div class="meta-inside"> <div class="meta-title">Bill Gates, Co-chair, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation</div> </div> </div> <div class="color-overlay"></div> </div> <div class="slide content-fill" data-type="image" data-click-through-url=""> <noscript><img src="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1565970923700-9WB8A4P5RGMYP9OZZGFT/ftforums_wcs12.jpg" alt="Ana Botín, Group Executive Chairman, Banco Santander " /></noscript><img class="thumb-image" elementtiming="system-gallery-block-slideshow" data-src="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1565970923700-9WB8A4P5RGMYP9OZZGFT/ftforums_wcs12.jpg" data-image="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1565970923700-9WB8A4P5RGMYP9OZZGFT/ftforums_wcs12.jpg" data-image-dimensions="2500x1664" data-image-focal-point="0.5,0.5" alt="Ana Botín, Group Executive Chairman, Banco Santander " data-load="false" data-image-id="5d56d1e3a5dd9f0001f6bbd4" data-type="image" /> <div class="meta"> <div class="meta-inside"> <div class="meta-title">Ana Botín, Group Executive Chairman, Banco Santander </div> </div> </div> <div class="color-overlay"></div> </div> <div class="slide content-fill" data-type="image" data-click-through-url=""> <noscript><img src="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1565970884339-DSK8PE377UXYZ1T8S6FJ/ftforums_wcs6.jpg" alt="The late Kofi Annan, former Secretary-General of the UN" /></noscript><img class="thumb-image" elementtiming="system-gallery-block-slideshow" data-src="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1565970884339-DSK8PE377UXYZ1T8S6FJ/ftforums_wcs6.jpg" data-image="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1565970884339-DSK8PE377UXYZ1T8S6FJ/ftforums_wcs6.jpg" data-image-dimensions="2500x1667" data-image-focal-point="0.5,0.5" alt="The late Kofi Annan, former Secretary-General of the UN" data-load="false" data-image-id="5d56d1b52eeb7e00018774b5" data-type="image" /> <div class="meta"> <div class="meta-inside"> <div class="meta-title">The late Kofi Annan, former Secretary-General of the UN</div> </div> </div> <div class="color-overlay"></div> </div> <div class="slide content-fill" data-type="image" data-click-through-url=""> <noscript><img src="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1565970916188-ZJETVOO88W85GF77WRMK/ftforums_wcs10.jpg" alt="Nicola Mendelsohn CBE, Vice President EMEA, Facebook" /></noscript><img class="thumb-image" elementtiming="system-gallery-block-slideshow" data-src="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1565970916188-ZJETVOO88W85GF77WRMK/ftforums_wcs10.jpg" data-image="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1565970916188-ZJETVOO88W85GF77WRMK/ftforums_wcs10.jpg" data-image-dimensions="2500x1748" data-image-focal-point="0.5,0.5" alt="Nicola Mendelsohn CBE, Vice President EMEA, Facebook" data-load="false" data-image-id="5d56d1d332e8a900011a9b4e" data-type="image" /> <div class="meta"> <div class="meta-inside"> <div class="meta-title">Nicola Mendelsohn CBE, Vice President EMEA, Facebook</div> </div> </div> <div class="color-overlay"></div> </div> <div class="slide content-fill" data-type="image" data-click-through-url=""> <noscript><img src="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1565970889236-NKKY0ZMIJE0QL38ICP1S/ftforums_wcs7.jpg" alt="Martin Wolf CBE, Chief Economics Commentator, Financial Times" /></noscript><img class="thumb-image" elementtiming="system-gallery-block-slideshow" data-src="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1565970889236-NKKY0ZMIJE0QL38ICP1S/ftforums_wcs7.jpg" data-image="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1565970889236-NKKY0ZMIJE0QL38ICP1S/ftforums_wcs7.jpg" data-image-dimensions="2500x1667" data-image-focal-point="0.5,0.5" alt="Martin Wolf CBE, Chief Economics Commentator, Financial Times" data-load="false" data-image-id="5d56d1c47f93d600011e45e1" data-type="image" /> <div class="meta"> <div class="meta-inside"> <div class="meta-title">Martin Wolf CBE, Chief Economics Commentator, Financial Times</div> </div> </div> <div class="color-overlay"></div> </div> <div class="slide content-fill" data-type="image" data-click-through-url=""> <noscript><img src="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1566309876625-3A0KHP4DWELIB26ZUF3H/FT125_Pitch08.05.19016.jpg" alt="Karen Blackett OBE, UK Country Manager at WPP" /></noscript><img class="thumb-image" elementtiming="system-gallery-block-slideshow" data-src="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1566309876625-3A0KHP4DWELIB26ZUF3H/FT125_Pitch08.05.19016.jpg" data-image="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1566309876625-3A0KHP4DWELIB26ZUF3H/FT125_Pitch08.05.19016.jpg" data-image-dimensions="2500x1732" data-image-focal-point="0.5,0.5" alt="Karen Blackett OBE, UK Country Manager at WPP" data-load="false" data-image-id="5d5bfde2cf618f0001cc2579" data-type="image" /> <div class="meta"> <div class="meta-inside"> <div class="meta-title">Karen Blackett OBE, UK Country Manager at WPP</div> </div> </div> <div class="color-overlay"></div> </div> <div class="slide content-fill" data-type="image" data-click-through-url=""> <noscript><img src="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1566308211295-AIPLAQMWS8AUDKXNA3SJ/20181022191304ZJW_9922.jpg" alt="Dara Khosrowshahi, CEO, Uber" /></noscript><img class="thumb-image" elementtiming="system-gallery-block-slideshow" data-src="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1566308211295-AIPLAQMWS8AUDKXNA3SJ/20181022191304ZJW_9922.jpg" data-image="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1566308211295-AIPLAQMWS8AUDKXNA3SJ/20181022191304ZJW_9922.jpg" data-image-dimensions="2500x1669" data-image-focal-point="0.5,0.5" alt="Dara Khosrowshahi, CEO, Uber" data-load="false" data-image-id="5d5bf7441c4ff10001946ced" data-type="image" /> <div class="meta"> <div class="meta-inside"> <div class="meta-title">Dara Khosrowshahi, CEO, Uber</div> </div> </div> <div class="color-overlay"></div> </div> <div class="slide content-fill" data-type="image" data-click-through-url=""> <noscript><img src="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1566295284582-LZ3PNM4SE1X6DVU3VPWF/2014.04.30_FT125_15.jpg" alt="Andrew Hill, Management Editor, Financial Times" /></noscript><img class="thumb-image" elementtiming="system-gallery-block-slideshow" data-src="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1566295284582-LZ3PNM4SE1X6DVU3VPWF/2014.04.30_FT125_15.jpg" data-image="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1566295284582-LZ3PNM4SE1X6DVU3VPWF/2014.04.30_FT125_15.jpg" data-image-dimensions="2500x1991" data-image-focal-point="0.5,0.5" alt="Andrew Hill, Management Editor, Financial Times" data-load="false" data-image-id="5d5bc4d8e5e3d10001a7af39" data-type="image" /> <div class="meta"> <div class="meta-inside"> <div class="meta-title">Andrew Hill, Management Editor, Financial Times</div> </div> </div> <div class="color-overlay"></div> </div> <div class="slide content-fill" data-type="image" data-click-through-url=""> <noscript><img src="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1566308224357-U35AMYV8NNCXPM3031KR/Sturgeon_FT_Event_NMS_Scotland_Ormerod-42.jpg" alt="Nicola Sturgeon, First Minister of Scotland" /></noscript><img class="thumb-image" elementtiming="system-gallery-block-slideshow" data-src="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1566308224357-U35AMYV8NNCXPM3031KR/Sturgeon_FT_Event_NMS_Scotland_Ormerod-42.jpg" data-image="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1566308224357-U35AMYV8NNCXPM3031KR/Sturgeon_FT_Event_NMS_Scotland_Ormerod-42.jpg" data-image-dimensions="2500x1667" data-image-focal-point="0.5,0.5" alt="Nicola Sturgeon, First Minister of Scotland" data-load="false" data-image-id="5d5bf7449fb01700010021fe" data-type="image" /> <div class="meta"> <div class="meta-inside"> <div class="meta-title">Nicola Sturgeon, First Minister of Scotland</div> </div> </div> <div class="color-overlay"></div> </div> <div class="slide content-fill" data-type="image" data-click-through-url=""> <noscript><img src="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1566309877327-SJ158SJHKWOJ3JQOL9XS/04_125FT_John_Major.jpg" alt="The Rt Hon Sir John Major KG CH" /></noscript><img class="thumb-image" elementtiming="system-gallery-block-slideshow" data-src="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1566309877327-SJ158SJHKWOJ3JQOL9XS/04_125FT_John_Major.jpg" data-image="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/1566309877327-SJ158SJHKWOJ3JQOL9XS/04_125FT_John_Major.jpg" data-image-dimensions="2500x1666" data-image-focal-point="0.5,0.5" alt="The Rt Hon Sir John Major KG CH" data-load="false" data-image-id="5d5bfde26aaa280001bf717b" data-type="image" /> <div class="meta"> <div class="meta-inside"> <div class="meta-title">The Rt Hon Sir John Major KG CH</div> </div> </div> <div class="color-overlay"></div> </div> </div> <div class="sqs-gallery-meta-container"> <div class="sqs-gallery-controls"> <a tabindex="0" role="button" class="previous" aria-label="Previous Slide" ></a> <a tabindex="0" role="button" class="next" aria-label="Next Slide" ></a> </div> </div>  </div> </div></div><div class="sqs-block spacer-block sqs-block-spacer sized vsize-1" data-block-type="21" id="block-yui_3_17_2_1_1566206946661_5882"><div class="sqs-block-content"> </div></div><div class="sqs-block button-block sqs-block-button" data-block-type="53" id="block-yui_3_17_2_1_1566206946661_6397"><div class="sqs-block-content"> <div class="sqs-block-button-container sqs-block-button-container--center" data-animation-role="button" data-alignment="center" data-button-size="medium" data-button-type="primary" > <a href="/join" class="sqs-block-button-element--medium sqs-button-element--primary sqs-block-button-element" > Membership Enquiries </a> </div> </div></div></div></div></div> </div> </section> <nav class="Index-nav"> <div class="Index-nav-inner"> <a href="#ftforums-intro" class="Index-nav-item active"> <div class="Index-nav-indicator"></div> <div class="Index-nav-text"><span>Home</span></div> </a> <a href="#ftforums-membership" class="Index-nav-item"> <div class="Index-nav-indicator"></div> <div class="Index-nav-text"><span>Membership Benefits</span></div> </a> <a href="#ftforums-members" class="Index-nav-item"> <div class="Index-nav-indicator"></div> <div class="Index-nav-text"><span>Home Members</span></div> </a> <a href="#theforums" class="Index-nav-item"> <div class="Index-nav-indicator"></div> <div class="Index-nav-text"><span>The Forums</span></div> </a> <a href="#ftforums-stats" class="Index-nav-item"> <div class="Index-nav-indicator"></div> <div class="Index-nav-text"><span>Home Stats</span></div> </a> <a href="#ftforums-speakers" class="Index-nav-item"> <div class="Index-nav-indicator"></div> <div class="Index-nav-text"><span>Home Speakers</span></div> </a> </div> </nav> </main> </div> </div> <footer class="Footer" role="contentinfo" data-controller="FooterBreakpoints"> <div class="Footer-inner clear"> <div class="sqs-layout sqs-grid-12 columns-12 Footer-blocks Footer-blocks--top sqs-alternate-block-style-container empty" data-layout-label="Footer Top Blocks" data-type="block-field" data-updated-on="1622638764539" id="footerBlocksTop"><div class="row sqs-row"><div class="col sqs-col-12 span-12"></div></div></div> <div class="Footer-middle"> <div class="Footer-business"> </div> <div class="sqs-layout sqs-grid-12 columns-12 Footer-blocks Footer-blocks--middle sqs-alternate-block-style-container" data-layout-label="Footer Middle Blocks" data-type="block-field" data-updated-on="1730208111012" id="footerBlocksMiddle"><div class="row sqs-row"><div class="col sqs-col-4 span-4"><div class="sqs-block html-block sqs-block-html" data-block-type="2" data-border-radii="{"topLeft":{"unit":"px","value":0.0},"topRight":{"unit":"px","value":0.0},"bottomLeft":{"unit":"px","value":0.0},"bottomRight":{"unit":"px","value":0.0}}" id="block-yui_3_17_2_1_1565992804433_9180"><div class="sqs-block-content"> <div class="sqs-html-content"> <p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;"><strong>The Forums</strong></p><p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;"><a href="https://forums.ft.com/ft-ai-forum" target="">AI Forum</a><a href="https://forums.ft.com/women-in-business-asia-forum" target=""> </a><br><a href="/chairs-forum">Chairs’ Forum</a><br><a href="/climate-capital-council">Climate Capital Council</a><br><a href="/due-diligence-forum">Due Diligence Forum</a><br><a href="/future-forum">Future Forum</a><br><a href="https://ft-forums.squarespace.com/ft-hr-forum" target="_blank">HR Forum</a><br><a href="/ft-investing-in-america-series" target="">Investing in America Series</a><br><a href="/moral-money-forum" target="">Moral Money Forum</a><br><a href="https://forums.ft.com/tech-for-growth-forum">Tech for Growth Forum</a><br><a href="/women-in-business-forum">Women in Business Forum</a><br><a href="https://forums.ft.com/women-in-business-asia-forum" target="">Women in Business Asia Forum<br></a></p> </div> </div></div></div><div class="col sqs-col-4 span-4"><div class="sqs-block html-block sqs-block-html" data-block-type="2" data-border-radii="{"topLeft":{"unit":"px","value":0.0},"topRight":{"unit":"px","value":0.0},"bottomLeft":{"unit":"px","value":0.0},"bottomRight":{"unit":"px","value":0.0}}" id="block-yui_3_17_2_1_1565992804433_18263"><div class="sqs-block-content"> <div class="sqs-html-content"> <p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;"><strong>Contact</strong></p><p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;"><a href="mailto:forums@ft.com?subject=FT%20Forum%20Enquiry">forums@ft.com</a><br>020 7873 4125</p> </div> </div></div></div><div class="col sqs-col-4 span-4"><div class="sqs-block html-block sqs-block-html" data-block-type="2" data-border-radii="{"topLeft":{"unit":"px","value":0.0},"topRight":{"unit":"px","value":0.0},"bottomLeft":{"unit":"px","value":0.0},"bottomRight":{"unit":"px","value":0.0}}" id="block-yui_3_17_2_1_1565994791122_28528"><div class="sqs-block-content"> <div class="sqs-html-content"> <p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;"><strong>Follow Us</strong></p> </div> </div></div><div class="sqs-block socialaccountlinks-v2-block sqs-block-socialaccountlinks-v2" data-block-type="54" id="block-yui_3_17_2_1_1566205279956_14052"><div class="sqs-block-content"> <div class="sqs-svg-icon--outer social-icon-alignment-left social-icons-color-white social-icons-size-medium social-icons-style-regular " > <style> #block-yui_3_17_2_1_1566205279956_14052 .social-icons-style-border .sqs-svg-icon--wrapper { box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px inset; border: none; } </style> <nav class="sqs-svg-icon--list"> <a href="https://x.com/ftforums" target="_blank" class="sqs-svg-icon--wrapper x-formerly-twitter-unauth" aria-label="X"> <div> <svg class="sqs-svg-icon--social" viewBox="0 0 64 64"> <use class="sqs-use--icon" xlink:href="#x-formerly-twitter-unauth-icon"></use> <use class="sqs-use--mask" xlink:href="#x-formerly-twitter-unauth-mask"></use> </svg> </div> </a><a href="https://www.instagram.com/ftforums/" target="_blank" class="sqs-svg-icon--wrapper instagram-unauth" aria-label="Instagram"> <div> <svg class="sqs-svg-icon--social" viewBox="0 0 64 64"> <use class="sqs-use--icon" xlink:href="#instagram-unauth-icon"></use> <use class="sqs-use--mask" xlink:href="#instagram-unauth-mask"></use> </svg> </div> </a><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/ft-forums" target="_blank" class="sqs-svg-icon--wrapper linkedin-unauth" aria-label="LinkedIn"> <div> <svg class="sqs-svg-icon--social" viewBox="0 0 64 64"> <use class="sqs-use--icon" xlink:href="#linkedin-unauth-icon"></use> <use class="sqs-use--mask" xlink:href="#linkedin-unauth-mask"></use> </svg> </div> </a> </nav> </div> </div></div></div></div></div> <nav class="Footer-nav" data-content-field="navigation"> <div class="Footer-nav-group"><a href="https://help.ft.com/help/legal-privacy/cookies/#axzz34FXGQ0JS" target="_blank" class="Footer-nav-item">Cookie policy</a><a href="https://help.ft.com/help/legal-privacy/privacy/" target="_blank" class="Footer-nav-item">Privacy policy</a><a href="https://help.ft.com/help/legal/slavery-statement/" target="_blank" class="Footer-nav-item">Slavery statement and policies</a><a href="https://legal.ft.com/terms/ft-forums-website-terms/" target="_blank" class="Footer-nav-item">WEBSITE TERMS AND CONDITIONS</a><a href="https://legal.ft.com/terms/ft-forums-membership-terms" target="_blank" class="Footer-nav-item">MEMBERSHIP TERMS AND CONDITIONS</a></div> </nav> </div> <div class="sqs-layout sqs-grid-12 columns-12 Footer-blocks Footer-blocks--bottom sqs-alternate-block-style-container empty" data-layout-label="Footer Bottom Blocks" data-type="block-field" data-updated-on="1646068192272" id="footerBlocksBottom"><div class="row sqs-row"><div class="col sqs-col-12 span-12"></div></div></div> </div> </footer> </div> <script src="https://static1.squarespace.com/static/ta/5d39b86b4c1e5c000178e981/0/scripts/site-bundle.js" type="text/javascript"></script>  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-N523LPD" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>   <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-NDCQRZF" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>  <div data-o-component="o-cookie-message" data-o-cookie-message-theme="alternative" style="z-index: 1000;"></div> <script src="//www.ft.com/__origami/service/build/v2/bundles/js?modules=o-cookie-message%405.0.0"></script>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-194134039-1"> </script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'UA-194134039-1'); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> _linkedin_partner_id = "21561"; window._linkedin_data_partner_ids = window._linkedin_data_partner_ids || []; window._linkedin_data_partner_ids.push(_linkedin_partner_id); </script><script type="text/javascript"> (function(l) { if (!l){window.lintrk = function(a,b){window.lintrk.q.push([a,b])}; window.lintrk.q=[]} var s = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; var b = document.createElement("script"); b.type = "text/javascript";b.async = true; b.src = "https://snap.licdn.com/li.lms-analytics/insight.min.js"; s.parentNode.insertBefore(b, s);})(window.lintrk); </script> <noscript> <img height="1" width="1" style="display:none;" alt="" src="https://px.ads.linkedin.com/collect/?pid=21561&fmt=gif" /> </noscript><script data-sqs-type="imageloader-bootstrapper">if(window.ImageLoader) window.ImageLoader.bootstrap({}, document);</script><script>Squarespace.afterBodyLoad(Y);</script><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" version="1.1" style="display:none" data-usage="social-icons-svg"><symbol id="x-formerly-twitter-unauth-icon" viewBox="0 0 64 64"><g class="svg-icon"><path d="M34.426 29.9327L43.9189 18.5H41.6694L33.4267 28.4268L26.8432 18.5H19.25L29.2055 33.5111L19.25 45.5H21.4997L30.2042 35.0169L37.1568 45.5H44.75L34.426 29.9327ZM22.3102 20.2546H25.7656L41.6704 43.8252H38.2151L22.3102 20.2546Z"/></g></symbol><symbol id="x-formerly-twitter-unauth-mask" viewBox="0 0 64 64"><g class="svg-mask"><path d="M38.2151 43.8252H41.6704L25.7656 20.2546H22.3102L38.2151 43.8252Z" /><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M0 0H64V64H0V0ZM43.9189 18.5L34.426 29.9327L44.75 45.5H37.1568L30.2042 35.0169L21.4997 45.5H19.25L29.2055 33.5111L19.25 18.5H26.8432L33.4267 28.4268L41.6694 18.5H43.9189Z"/></g></symbol><symbol id="instagram-unauth-icon" viewBox="0 0 64 64"><path d="M46.91,25.816c-0.073-1.597-0.326-2.687-0.697-3.641c-0.383-0.986-0.896-1.823-1.73-2.657c-0.834-0.834-1.67-1.347-2.657-1.73c-0.954-0.371-2.045-0.624-3.641-0.697C36.585,17.017,36.074,17,32,17s-4.585,0.017-6.184,0.09c-1.597,0.073-2.687,0.326-3.641,0.697c-0.986,0.383-1.823,0.896-2.657,1.73c-0.834,0.834-1.347,1.67-1.73,2.657c-0.371,0.954-0.624,2.045-0.697,3.641C17.017,27.415,17,27.926,17,32c0,4.074,0.017,4.585,0.09,6.184c0.073,1.597,0.326,2.687,0.697,3.641c0.383,0.986,0.896,1.823,1.73,2.657c0.834,0.834,1.67,1.347,2.657,1.73c0.954,0.371,2.045,0.624,3.641,0.697C27.415,46.983,27.926,47,32,47s4.585-0.017,6.184-0.09c1.597-0.073,2.687-0.326,3.641-0.697c0.986-0.383,1.823-0.896,2.657-1.73c0.834-0.834,1.347-1.67,1.73-2.657c0.371-0.954,0.624-2.045,0.697-3.641C46.983,36.585,47,36.074,47,32S46.983,27.415,46.91,25.816z M44.21,38.061c-0.067,1.462-0.311,2.257-0.516,2.785c-0.272,0.7-0.597,1.2-1.122,1.725c-0.525,0.525-1.025,0.85-1.725,1.122c-0.529,0.205-1.323,0.45-2.785,0.516c-1.581,0.072-2.056,0.087-6.061,0.087s-4.48-0.015-6.061-0.087c-1.462-0.067-2.257-0.311-2.785-0.516c-0.7-0.272-1.2-0.597-1.725-1.122c-0.525-0.525-0.85-1.025-1.122-1.725c-0.205-0.529-0.45-1.323-0.516-2.785c-0.072-1.582-0.087-2.056-0.087-6.061s0.015-4.48,0.087-6.061c0.067-1.462,0.311-2.257,0.516-2.785c0.272-0.7,0.597-1.2,1.122-1.725c0.525-0.525,1.025-0.85,1.725-1.122c0.529-0.205,1.323-0.45,2.785-0.516c1.582-0.072,2.056-0.087,6.061-0.087s4.48,0.015,6.061,0.087c1.462,0.067,2.257,0.311,2.785,0.516c0.7,0.272,1.2,0.597,1.725,1.122c0.525,0.525,0.85,1.025,1.122,1.725c0.205,0.529,0.45,1.323,0.516,2.785c0.072,1.582,0.087,2.056,0.087,6.061S44.282,36.48,44.21,38.061z M32,24.297c-4.254,0-7.703,3.449-7.703,7.703c0,4.254,3.449,7.703,7.703,7.703c4.254,0,7.703-3.449,7.703-7.703C39.703,27.746,36.254,24.297,32,24.297z M32,37c-2.761,0-5-2.239-5-5c0-2.761,2.239-5,5-5s5,2.239,5,5C37,34.761,34.761,37,32,37z M40.007,22.193c-0.994,0-1.8,0.806-1.8,1.8c0,0.994,0.806,1.8,1.8,1.8c0.994,0,1.8-0.806,1.8-1.8C41.807,22.999,41.001,22.193,40.007,22.193z"/></symbol><symbol id="instagram-unauth-mask" viewBox="0 0 64 64"><path d="M43.693,23.153c-0.272-0.7-0.597-1.2-1.122-1.725c-0.525-0.525-1.025-0.85-1.725-1.122c-0.529-0.205-1.323-0.45-2.785-0.517c-1.582-0.072-2.056-0.087-6.061-0.087s-4.48,0.015-6.061,0.087c-1.462,0.067-2.257,0.311-2.785,0.517c-0.7,0.272-1.2,0.597-1.725,1.122c-0.525,0.525-0.85,1.025-1.122,1.725c-0.205,0.529-0.45,1.323-0.516,2.785c-0.072,1.582-0.087,2.056-0.087,6.061s0.015,4.48,0.087,6.061c0.067,1.462,0.311,2.257,0.516,2.785c0.272,0.7,0.597,1.2,1.122,1.725s1.025,0.85,1.725,1.122c0.529,0.205,1.323,0.45,2.785,0.516c1.581,0.072,2.056,0.087,6.061,0.087s4.48-0.015,6.061-0.087c1.462-0.067,2.257-0.311,2.785-0.516c0.7-0.272,1.2-0.597,1.725-1.122s0.85-1.025,1.122-1.725c0.205-0.529,0.45-1.323,0.516-2.785c0.072-1.582,0.087-2.056,0.087-6.061s-0.015-4.48-0.087-6.061C44.143,24.476,43.899,23.682,43.693,23.153z M32,39.703c-4.254,0-7.703-3.449-7.703-7.703s3.449-7.703,7.703-7.703s7.703,3.449,7.703,7.703S36.254,39.703,32,39.703z M40.007,25.793c-0.994,0-1.8-0.806-1.8-1.8c0-0.994,0.806-1.8,1.8-1.8c0.994,0,1.8,0.806,1.8,1.8C41.807,24.987,41.001,25.793,40.007,25.793z M0,0v64h64V0H0z M46.91,38.184c-0.073,1.597-0.326,2.687-0.697,3.641c-0.383,0.986-0.896,1.823-1.73,2.657c-0.834,0.834-1.67,1.347-2.657,1.73c-0.954,0.371-2.044,0.624-3.641,0.697C36.585,46.983,36.074,47,32,47s-4.585-0.017-6.184-0.09c-1.597-0.073-2.687-0.326-3.641-0.697c-0.986-0.383-1.823-0.896-2.657-1.73c-0.834-0.834-1.347-1.67-1.73-2.657c-0.371-0.954-0.624-2.044-0.697-3.641C17.017,36.585,17,36.074,17,32c0-4.074,0.017-4.585,0.09-6.185c0.073-1.597,0.326-2.687,0.697-3.641c0.383-0.986,0.896-1.823,1.73-2.657c0.834-0.834,1.67-1.347,2.657-1.73c0.954-0.371,2.045-0.624,3.641-0.697C27.415,17.017,27.926,17,32,17s4.585,0.017,6.184,0.09c1.597,0.073,2.687,0.326,3.641,0.697c0.986,0.383,1.823,0.896,2.657,1.73c0.834,0.834,1.347,1.67,1.73,2.657c0.371,0.954,0.624,2.044,0.697,3.641C46.983,27.415,47,27.926,47,32C47,36.074,46.983,36.585,46.91,38.184z M32,27c-2.761,0-5,2.239-5,5s2.239,5,5,5s5-2.239,5-5S34.761,27,32,27z"/></symbol><symbol id="linkedin-unauth-icon" viewBox="0 0 64 64"><path d="M20.4,44h5.4V26.6h-5.4V44z M23.1,18c-1.7,0-3.1,1.4-3.1,3.1c0,1.7,1.4,3.1,3.1,3.1 c1.7,0,3.1-1.4,3.1-3.1C26.2,19.4,24.8,18,23.1,18z M39.5,26.2c-2.6,0-4.4,1.4-5.1,2.8h-0.1v-2.4h-5.2V44h5.4v-8.6 c0-2.3,0.4-4.5,3.2-4.5c2.8,0,2.8,2.6,2.8,4.6V44H46v-9.5C46,29.8,45,26.2,39.5,26.2z"/></symbol><symbol id="linkedin-unauth-mask" viewBox="0 0 64 64"><path d="M0,0v64h64V0H0z M25.8,44h-5.4V26.6h5.4V44z M23.1,24.3c-1.7,0-3.1-1.4-3.1-3.1c0-1.7,1.4-3.1,3.1-3.1 c1.7,0,3.1,1.4,3.1,3.1C26.2,22.9,24.8,24.3,23.1,24.3z M46,44h-5.4v-8.4c0-2,0-4.6-2.8-4.6c-2.8,0-3.2,2.2-3.2,4.5V44h-5.4V26.6 h5.2V29h0.1c0.7-1.4,2.5-2.8,5.1-2.8c5.5,0,6.5,3.6,6.5,8.3V44z"/></symbol></svg> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

FT Forums