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id="toc-Public_opinion_in_Ukraine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anti-Maidan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anti-Maidan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Anti-Maidan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anti-Maidan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media_portrayal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media_portrayal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Media portrayal </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media_portrayal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Timeline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Timeline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Timeline </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Timeline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Unrest_by_region" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unrest_by_region"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Unrest by region </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Unrest_by_region-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Unrest by region subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Unrest_by_region-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Crimea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crimea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Crimea </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crimea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Donetsk_Oblast" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Donetsk_Oblast"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Donetsk Oblast </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Donetsk_Oblast-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Government_building_seizures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_building_seizures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.1 Government building seizures </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government_building_seizures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_counter-offensive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_counter-offensive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.2 Second counter-offensive </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_counter-offensive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referendum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referendum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.3 Referendum </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referendum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Continued_fighting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Continued_fighting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.4 Continued fighting </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Continued_fighting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Attacks_on_journalists" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attacks_on_journalists"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.5 Attacks on journalists </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Attacks_on_journalists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Luhansk_Oblast" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Luhansk_Oblast"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Luhansk Oblast </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Luhansk_Oblast-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Escalation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Escalation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.1 Escalation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Escalation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referendum_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referendum_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.2 Referendum </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referendum_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kharkiv_Oblast" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kharkiv_Oblast"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Kharkiv Oblast </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kharkiv_Oblast-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Shooting_of_Hennadiy_Kernes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shooting_of_Hennadiy_Kernes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4.1 Shooting of Hennadiy Kernes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shooting_of_Hennadiy_Kernes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_protests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_protests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4.2 Further protests </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_protests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Odesa_Oblast" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Odesa_Oblast"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Odesa Oblast </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Odesa_Oblast-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-City_centre_clashes_and_further_events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#City_centre_clashes_and_further_events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5.1 City centre clashes and further events </div> </a> <ul id="toc-City_centre_clashes_and_further_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Largest_protests_by_date_and_attendance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Largest_protests_by_date_and_attendance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Largest protests by date and attendance </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Largest_protests_by_date_and_attendance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Largest protests by date and attendance subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Largest_protests_by_date_and_attendance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pro-Russian_protests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pro-Russian_protests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Pro-Russian protests </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pro-Russian_protests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pro-Ukrainian_counter-protests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pro-Ukrainian_counter-protests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Pro-Ukrainian counter-protests </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pro-Ukrainian_counter-protests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_proclaimed_breakaway_states" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_proclaimed_breakaway_states"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 List of proclaimed breakaway states </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-List_of_proclaimed_breakaway_states-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle List of proclaimed breakaway states subsection </button> <ul id="toc-List_of_proclaimed_breakaway_states-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Extant" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Extant"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Extant </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Extant-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Failed_proposals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Failed_proposals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Failed proposals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Failed_proposals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_response" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_response"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 International response </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-International_response-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle International response subsection </button> <ul id="toc-International_response-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sanctions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sanctions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Sanctions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sanctions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geneva_Statement_on_Ukraine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geneva_Statement_on_Ukraine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Geneva Statement on Ukraine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geneva_Statement_on_Ukraine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_unity_talks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_unity_talks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 National unity talks </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_unity_talks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fifteen-point_peace_plan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fifteen-point_peace_plan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 Fifteen-point peace plan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fifteen-point_peace_plan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Participants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Participants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Participants </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Participants-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Participants subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Participants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Activists_and_Russian_security_personnel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Activists_and_Russian_security_personnel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Activists and Russian security personnel </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Activists_and_Russian_security_personnel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russian_citizens" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russian_citizens"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Russian citizens </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russian_citizens-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Alexander_Dugin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alexander_Dugin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2.1 Alexander Dugin </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alexander_Dugin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pro-government_figures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pro-government_figures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Pro-government figures </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pro-government_figures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_foreign_participants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_foreign_participants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4 Other foreign participants </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_foreign_participants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-OSCE_monitors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#OSCE_monitors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.5 OSCE monitors </div> </a> <ul id="toc-OSCE_monitors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Defectors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Defectors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.6 Defectors </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Defectors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ukrainian_defectors_to_Russia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ukrainian_defectors_to_Russia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.6.1 Ukrainian defectors to Russia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ukrainian_defectors_to_Russia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russian_defectors_to_Ukraine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russian_defectors_to_Ukraine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.6.2 Russian defectors to Ukraine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russian_defectors_to_Ukraine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arrests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arrests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Arrests </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Arrests-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Arrests subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Arrests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bounty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bounty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Bounty </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bounty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Gallery </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 33 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-33" aria-hidden="true" > 33 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B6%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA_2014_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="اضطرابات 2014 الموالية لروسيا في أوكرانيا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اضطرابات 2014 الموالية لروسيا في أوكرانيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B5_(2014)" title="Прарасійскія выступленні ва Украіне (2014) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Прарасійскія выступленні ва Украіне (2014)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D1%85%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%8E%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B5_(2014)" title="Прарасейскія хваляваньні ва Ўкраіне (2014) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Прарасейскія хваляваньні ва Ўкраіне (2014)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestes_prorusses_a_Ucra%C3%AFna_de_2014" title="Protestes prorusses a Ucraïna de 2014 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Protestes prorusses a Ucraïna de 2014" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prorusk%C3%A9_nepokoje_na_Ukrajin%C4%9B_2014" title="Proruské nepokoje na Ukrajině 2014 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Proruské nepokoje na Ukrajině 2014" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%81%CE%AF%CF%83%CE%B7_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7_%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%9F%CF%85%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF_2014" title="Κρίση στη νοτιοανατολική Ουκρανία το 2014 – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κρίση στη νοτιοανατολική Ουκρανία το 2014" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestas_prorrusas_en_Ucrania_de_2014" title="Protestas prorrusas en Ucrania de 2014 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Protestas prorrusas en Ucrania de 2014" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014ko_Ukrainako_errusiazaleen_protestak" title="2014ko Ukrainako errusiazaleen protestak – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="2014ko Ukrainako errusiazaleen protestak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C_%DB%B2%DB%B0%DB%B1%DB%B4_%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%87_%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%87" title="ناآرامی ۲۰۱۴ اوکراین به هواداری از روسیه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ناآرامی ۲۰۱۴ اوکراین به هواداری از روسیه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troubles_pro-russes_de_2014_en_Ukraine" title="Troubles pro-russes de 2014 en Ukraine – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Troubles pro-russes de 2014 en Ukraine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014%EB%85%84_%EC%9A%B0%ED%81%AC%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B4%EB%82%98_%EC%B9%9C%EB%9F%AC%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%84_%EB%B6%84%EC%9F%81" title="2014년 우크라이나 친러시아 분쟁 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="2014년 우크라이나 친러시아 분쟁" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%B8%D5%B2%D5%B8%D6%84%D5%AB_%D6%81%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B5%D6%81%D5%A5%D6%80_%D5%88%D6%82%D5%AF%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BE-%D5%A1%D6%80%D6%87%D5%A5%D5%AC%D6%84%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4_(2014)" title="Բողոքի ցույցեր Ուկրաինայի հարավ-արևելքում (2014) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բողոքի ցույցեր Ուկրաինայի հարավ-արևելքում (2014)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerusuhan_pro-Rusia_di_Ukraina_2014" title="Kerusuhan pro-Rusia di Ukraina 2014 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kerusuhan pro-Rusia di Ukraina 2014" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteste_filorusse_in_Ucraina_del_2014" title="Proteste filorusse in Ucraina del 2014 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Proteste filorusse in Ucraina del 2014" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95-%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%94" title="ההתקוממות הפרו-רוסית באוקראינה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ההתקוממות הפרו-רוסית באוקראינה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_m._prorusi%C5%A1ki_neramumai_Ukrainoje" title="2014 m. prorusiški neramumai Ukrainoje – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="2014 m. prorusiški neramumai Ukrainoje" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusuhan_pro-Rusia_di_Ukraine_2014" title="Rusuhan pro-Rusia di Ukraine 2014 – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Rusuhan pro-Rusia di Ukraine 2014" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014%E5%B9%B4%E3%82%A6%E3%82%AF%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%8A%E3%81%A7%E3%81%AE%E8%A6%AA%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A2%E6%B4%BE%E9%A8%92%E4%B9%B1" title="2014年ウクライナでの親ロシア派騒乱 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="2014年ウクライナでの親ロシア派騒乱" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus_bahori" title="Rus bahori – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Rus bahori" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%DB%B2%DB%B0%DB%B1%DB%B4_%D8%B2_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%AF_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%DB%90_%D9%BE%D9%87_%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%DA%93_%D9%BE%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86_%DA%A9%DB%90_%D9%86%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="د ۲۰۱۴ ز کال د روسیې په ملاتړ په اوکراین کې ناکراري – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د ۲۰۱۴ ز کال د روسیې په ملاتړ په اوکراین کې ناکراري" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prorosyjski_separatyzm_na_Ukrainie" title="Prorosyjski separatyzm na Ukrainie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Prorosyjski separatyzm na Ukrainie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestos_pr%C3%B3-russos_na_Ucr%C3%A2nia_em_2014" title="Protestos pró-russos na Ucrânia em 2014 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Protestos pró-russos na Ucrânia em 2014" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulbur%C4%83rile_civile_proruse_din_Ucraina_din_2014" title="Tulburările civile proruse din Ucraina din 2014 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Tulburările civile proruse din Ucraina din 2014" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%8E%D0%B3%D0%BE-%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B_(2014)" title="Пророссийские протесты на юго-востоке Украины (2014) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пророссийские протесты на юго-востоке Украины (2014)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%9A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%9A_2014_%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%93_%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%9C%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%80" title="යුක්‍රේනයේ 2014 රුසියානුවාදී නොසන්සුන් බව – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="යුක්‍රේනයේ 2014 රුසියානුවාදී නොසන්සුන් බව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8_%D1%83_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8_2014." title="Проруски немири у Украјини 2014. – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Проруски немири у Украјини 2014." data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/It%C3%A4-Ukrainan_mielenosoitukset_2014" title="Itä-Ukrainan mielenosoitukset 2014 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Itä-Ukrainan mielenosoitukset 2014" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ur%C4%B1s_yaz%C4%B1" title="Urıs yazı – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Urıs yazı" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%99_%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._2557" title="ความขัดแย้งนิยมรัสเซียในประเทศยูเครน พ.ศ. 2557 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ความขัดแย้งนิยมรัสเซียในประเทศยูเครน พ.ศ. 2557" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Ukrayna%27daki_Rusya_yanl%C4%B1s%C4%B1_protestolar" title="2014 Ukrayna'daki Rusya yanlısı protestolar – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="2014 Ukrayna'daki Rusya yanlısı protestolar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%96_(2014)" title="Проросійські виступи в Україні (2014) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Проросійські виступи в Україні (2014)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E1%BA%A5t_%E1%BB%95n_t%E1%BA%A1i_Ukraina_n%C4%83m_2014" title="Bất ổn tại Ukraina năm 2014 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bất ổn tại Ukraina năm 2014" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014%E5%B9%B4%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E4%BA%B2%E4%BF%84%E5%8A%A8%E4%B9%B1" title="2014年乌克兰亲俄动乱 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="2014年乌克兰亲俄动乱" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q15871713#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Undue_weight plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-undue-weight" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/45px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/68px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/90px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="354" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article may lend <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view#Due_and_undue_weight" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">undue weight</a> to the territories the unrests took place. Unrests were only occurring in Crimea, Donetsk, Luhansk, Mariupol, Kharkiv and Odesa. The specific problem is: <a href="/wiki/Talk:2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine#Misleading_image_in_the_infobox" title="Talk:2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine">Talk:2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine#Misleading image in the infobox</a> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine&action=edit">help improve it</a> by rewriting it in a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view#Balance" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">balanced fashion</a> that contextualizes different points of view. (August 2024) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing: 2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="background-color:#CEE0F2;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background-color:#eeeeee;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">Russo-Ukrainian War</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa; line-height: 1.5em;"><a href="/wiki/File:2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine.png/260px-2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine.png/390px-2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine.png/520px-2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine.png 2x" data-file-width="1547" data-file-height="1041" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="padding:0.35em 0.35em 0.25em;line-height:1.25em;">Map of disturbances by region, indicating its peak severity</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Date</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">23 February – 2 May 2014 (2 months, 1 week and 2 days)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="display:inline;" class="location"><a href="/wiki/Crimea" title="Crimea">Crimea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Donetsk" title="Donetsk">Donetsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luhansk" title="Luhansk">Luhansk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv" title="Kharkiv">Kharkiv</a> and <a href="/wiki/Odesa" title="Odesa">Odesa</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Caused by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Russia support of separatism, <a href="/wiki/Anti-Maidan" title="Anti-Maidan">opposition</a> to <a href="/wiki/Euromaidan" title="Euromaidan">Euromaidan</a>, success of the <a href="/wiki/Revolution_of_Dignity" title="Revolution of Dignity">Revolution of Dignity</a> and the pro-European outlook of the <a href="/wiki/First_Yatsenyuk_government" title="First Yatsenyuk government">new government</a><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Goals</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"> <ul><li>Union with Russia<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalism" title="Federalism">Federalization</a><a href="#cite_note-march16nbc-4">[4]</a></li> <li>Referendums on status for <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Ukraine" title="Eastern Ukraine">Eastern Ukraine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southern_Ukraine" title="Southern Ukraine">Southern Ukraine</a><a href="#cite_note-march16nbc-4">[4]</a></li> <li>Establishment of Russian as a second official language in Ukraine<a href="#cite_note-kharkivrulang-5">[5]</a></li> <li>Creation of <a href="/wiki/Donetsk_People%27s_Republic" title="Donetsk People's Republic">Donetsk</a>, Odesa, Kharkiv and <a href="/wiki/Luhansk_People%27s_Republic" title="Luhansk People's Republic">Luhansk</a> People's Republics</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Methods</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"> <ul><li>Protests</li> <li>Riots</li> <li>Armed <a href="/wiki/Insurgency" title="Insurgency">insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_(protest)" title="Occupation (protest)">Occupation</a> of administrative buildings</li> <li>Covert operations by the <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russian Federation</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Resulted in</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"> <ul><li>Escalation into the <a href="/wiki/War_in_Donbas_(2014%E2%80%932022)" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Donbas (2014–2022)">war in Donbas</a></li> <li>48 people killed during the <a href="/wiki/2014_Odesa_clashes" title="2014 Odesa clashes">clashes in Odesa</a></li> <li>Establishment of <a href="/wiki/Donetsk_People%27s_Republic" title="Donetsk People's Republic">Donetsk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Luhansk_People%27s_Republic" title="Luhansk People's Republic">Luhansk</a> People's Republics</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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.navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Template:Campaignbox Russo-Ukrainian War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Russo-Ukrainian War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Russo-Ukrainian War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Russo-Ukrainian_War_(outline)7467" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">Russo-Ukrainian War</a> (<a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Outline of the Russo-Ukrainian War">outline</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Background</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">Dissolution of the Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations" title="Russia–Ukraine relations">Russia–Ukraine relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budapest_Memorandum" title="Budapest Memorandum">Budapest Memorandum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Tuzla_Island_conflict" title="2003 Tuzla Island conflict">2003 Tuzla Island conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_Revolution" title="Orange Revolution">Orange Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Munich_speech_of_Vladimir_Putin" title="2007 Munich speech of Vladimir Putin">2007 Munich speech of Vladimir Putin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Ukraine_gas_disputes" title="Russia–Ukraine gas disputes">Russia–Ukraine gas disputes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euromaidan" title="Euromaidan">Euromaidan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Revolution_of_Dignity" title="Revolution of Dignity">Revolution of Dignity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine</a> (<a href="/wiki/2014_Odesa_clashes" title="2014 Odesa clashes">Odesa clashes</a>)</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li>Major topics</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2018_Moscow%E2%80%93Constantinople_schism" title="2018 Moscow–Constantinople schism">2018 Moscow–Constantinople schism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_information_war_against_Ukraine" title="Russian information war against Ukraine">Information war</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_cyberwarfare" title="Russo-Ukrainian cyberwarfare">cyberwarfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Ukraine_ransomware_attacks" title="2017 Ukraine ransomware attacks">ransomware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Ukraine_cyberattacks" title="2022 Ukraine cyberattacks">cyberattacks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_involvement_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Belarusian involvement in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Belarusian involvement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="International sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian War">International sanctions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_portrayal_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Media portrayal of the Russo-Ukrainian War">Media portrayal</a></li> <li>Foreign aid (<a href="/wiki/List_of_military_aid_to_Ukraine_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of military aid to Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian War">military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_humanitarian_aid_to_Ukraine_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of humanitarian aid to Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian War">humanitarian</a>)</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">Crimean crisis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Timeline of the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">Timeline</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Little_green_men_(Russo-Ukrainian_War)" title="Little green men (Russo-Ukrainian War)">Little green men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krymnash" title="Krymnash">Krymnash</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_the_Crimean_Parliament" title="Capture of the Crimean Parliament">Crimean Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Belbek_Airport" title="Capture of Belbek Airport">Belbek Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Southern_Naval_Base" title="Capture of Southern Naval Base">Southern Naval Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Simferopol_incident" title="2014 Simferopol incident">2014 Simferopol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_anti-war_protests_in_Russia" title="2014 anti-war protests in Russia">2014 Russian protests</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Donbas" title="War in Donbas">War in Donbas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas">Timeline</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Donetsk_(2014)" title="Capture of Donetsk (2014)">Capture of Donetsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sloviansk" title="Siege of Sloviansk">Sloviansk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kramatorsk" title="Battle of Kramatorsk">Kramatorsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Artemivsk" title="Battle of Artemivsk">Artemivsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mariupol_(2014)" title="Battle of Mariupol (2014)">Mariupol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Sievierodonetsk_(2014)" title="Battles of Sievierodonetsk (2014)">Sievierodonetsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Ukrainian_Air_Force_Il-76_shootdown" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 Ukrainian Air Force Il-76 shootdown">Il-76 shootdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zelenopillia_rocket_attack" title="Zelenopillia rocket attack">Zelenopillia rocket attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Karlivka" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Karlivka">Karlivka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Donetsk_Airport" title="First Battle of Donetsk Airport">1st Donetsk Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_the_Luhansk_Border_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of the Luhansk Border Base">Luhansk Border Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Krasnyi_Lyman" title="Battle of Krasnyi Lyman">Krasnyi Lyman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fights_on_the_Ukrainian%E2%80%93Russian_border_(2014)" title="Fights on the Ukrainian–Russian border (2014)">Sector D clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_of_the_95th_Brigade" title="Raid of the 95th Brigade">Raid of the 95th Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_in_Shakhtarsk_Raion" title="Battle in Shakhtarsk Raion">Shakhtarsk Raion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Horlivka" title="Battle of Horlivka">Horlivka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Yasynuvata" title="Battle of Yasynuvata">Yasynuvata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ilovaisk" title="Battle of Ilovaisk">Ilovaisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Novoazovsk" title="Battle of Novoazovsk">Novoazovsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offensive_on_Mariupol_(September_2014)" title="Offensive on Mariupol (September 2014)">2nd Mariupol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Donetsk_Airport" title="Second Battle of Donetsk Airport">2nd Donetsk Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Debaltseve" title="Battle of Debaltseve">Debaltseve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_recognition_of_the_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic_and_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic" title="International recognition of the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic">International recognition</a></li></ul> Post-Minsk II conflict <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2015)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2015)">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shyrokyne_standoff" title="Shyrokyne standoff">Shyrokyne (2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Marinka_(2015)" title="Battle of Marinka (2015)">Marinka (2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2016)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2016)">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Svitlodarsk" title="Battle of Svitlodarsk">Svitlodarsk (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2017)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2017)">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Avdiivka_(2017)" title="Battle of Avdiivka (2017)">Avdiivka (2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2017)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2017)">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerch_Strait_incident" title="Kerch Strait incident">Kerch Strait incident (2018)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2019)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2019)">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2020)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2020)">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2021)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2021)">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2022)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2022)">2022</a></li></ul> Attacks on civilians <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Pentecostals_in_Sloviansk" title="Murder of Pentecostals in Sloviansk">Sloviansk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_17" title="Malaysia Airlines Flight 17">Malaysia Airlines Flight 17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novosvitlivka_refugee_convoy_attack" title="Novosvitlivka refugee convoy attack">Novosvitlivka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volnovakha_bus_attack" title="Volnovakha bus attack">Volnovakha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donetsk_bus_station_attack" title="Donetsk bus station attack">Donetsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2015_Mariupol_rocket_attack" title="January 2015 Mariupol rocket attack">Mariupol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2015_Kramatorsk_rocket_attack" title="February 2015 Kramatorsk rocket attack">Kramatorsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanytsia_Luhanska_kindergarten_bombing" title="Stanytsia Luhanska kindergarten bombing">Stanytsia Luhanska</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine (2022–present)</a> (<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Timeline</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prelude_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Prelude to the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Prelude to invasion</a> (<a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_the_2021%E2%80%932022_Russo-Ukrainian_crisis" title="Reactions to the 2021–2022 Russo-Ukrainian crisis">Reactions</a>)</li></ul> <dl><dt>Military engagements</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ukraine_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Ukraine campaign">Northern Ukraine campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Antonov_Airport" title="Battle of Antonov Airport">Antonov Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kyiv_(2022)" title="Battle of Kyiv (2022)">Kyiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Chernihiv" title="Siege of Chernihiv">Chernihiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sumy" title="Battle of Sumy">Sumy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Ukraine_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Ukraine campaign">Eastern Ukraine campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Mariupol" title="Siege of Mariupol">Mariupol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kharkiv_(2022)" title="Battle of Kharkiv (2022)">1st Kharkiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Izium" title="Battle of Izium">Izium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Kharkiv_counteroffensive" title="2022 Kharkiv counteroffensive">2nd Kharkiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Donbas_(2022)" title="Battle of Donbas (2022)">Donbas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sievierodonetsk_(2022)" title="Battle of Sievierodonetsk (2022)">Sievierodonetsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lysychansk" title="Battle of Lysychansk">Lysychansk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Soledar" title="Battle of Soledar">Soledar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bakhmut" title="Battle of Bakhmut">Bakhmut</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luhansk_Oblast_campaign" title="Luhansk Oblast campaign">Luhansk Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Marinka_(2022%E2%80%932023)" title="Battle of Marinka (2022–2023)">Marinka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Avdiivka_(2023%E2%80%932024)" title="Battle of Avdiivka (2023–2024)">Avdiivka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pokrovsk_offensive" title="Pokrovsk offensive">Pokrovsk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Ukraine_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Ukraine campaign">Southern Ukraine campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kherson" title="Battle of Kherson">1st Kherson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Melitopol" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Melitopol">Melitopol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mykolaiv" title="Battle of Mykolaiv">Mykolaiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Kherson_counteroffensive" title="2022 Kherson counteroffensive">Kherson counteroffensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_Kherson" title="Liberation of Kherson">2nd Kherson</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2023_Ukrainian_counteroffensive" title="2023 Ukrainian counteroffensive">2023 Ukrainian counteroffensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Kursk_offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 Kursk offensive">2024 Kursk offensive</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Effects and aftermath</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Economic impact of the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Economic impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_negotiations_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Peace negotiations in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Peace negotiations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_protests_in_Russian-occupied_Ukraine" title="2022 protests in Russian-occupied Ukraine">Protests in occupied Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="War crimes in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">War crimes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_and_intergovernmental_reactions_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Government and intergovernmental reactions to the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Government and intergovernmental reactions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-government_reactions_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Non-government reactions to the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Non-government reactions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protests_against_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Protests against the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Protests</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-war_protests_in_Russia_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Anti-war protests in Russia (2022–present)">Russian protests</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_v._Russian_Federation_(2022)" title="Ukraine v. Russian Federation (2022)">ICJ case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_arrest_warrants_for_Russian_figures" class="mw-redirect" title="International Criminal Court arrest warrants for Russian figures">Arrest warrants</a></li></ul> Related <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_resistance_in_Russian-occupied_Ukraine" title="Ukrainian resistance in Russian-occupied Ukraine">Ukrainian resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_and_Russian_partisan_movement_(2022%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Belarusian and Russian partisan movement (2022–present)">Belarusian and Russian partisan movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Zagreb_Tu-141_crash" title="2022 Zagreb Tu-141 crash">Zagreb Tu-141 crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_mystery_fires_(2022%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian mystery fires (2022–present)">Russian mystery fires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Nord_Stream_pipeline_sabotage" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Nord Stream pipeline sabotage">Nord Stream pipeline sabotage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soloti_military_training_ground_shooting" title="Soloti military training ground shooting">Soloti training ground shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Brovary_helicopter_crash" title="2023 Brovary helicopter crash">Brovary helicopter crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Black_Sea_drone_incident" title="2023 Black Sea drone incident">Black Sea drone incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Belgorod_accidental_bombing" title="2023 Belgorod accidental bombing">Belgorod accidental bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Bryansk_Oblast_military_aircraft_crashes" title="2023 Bryansk Oblast military aircraft crashes">Bryansk Oblast military aircraft crashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagner_Group_rebellion" title="Wagner Group rebellion">Wagner Group rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Wagner_Group_plane_crash" title="2023 Wagner Group plane crash">Wagner Group plane crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Ukrainian_coup_attempt_allegations" title="2024 Ukrainian coup attempt allegations">Ukrainian coup attempt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> From the end of February 2014, in the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/Euromaidan" title="Euromaidan">Euromaidan</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Revolution_of_Dignity" title="Revolution of Dignity">Revolution of Dignity</a>, which resulted in the ousting of Russian-leaning <a href="/wiki/President_of_Ukraine" title="President of Ukraine">Ukrainian President</a> <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Yanukovych" title="Viktor Yanukovych">Viktor Yanukovych</a>, demonstrations by Russian-backed,<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> pro-Russian, and anti-government groups (as well as pro-government demonstrations) took place in <a href="/wiki/Crimea" title="Crimea">Crimea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Donetsk" title="Donetsk">Donetsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luhansk" title="Luhansk">Luhansk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv" title="Kharkiv">Kharkiv</a> and <a href="/wiki/Odesa" title="Odesa">Odesa</a>. The unrest, which was supported by the Russian military and intelligence services,<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> belongs to the early stages of the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">Russo-Ukrainian War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-de-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-sdfd4890-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> During its first phase<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> in February–March 2014, the Ukrainian territory of <a href="/wiki/Crimea" title="Crimea">Crimea</a> was <a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War#Russian_annexation_of_Crimea_(2014)" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">invaded</a> and subsequently <a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">annexed by Russia</a> following an internationally unrecognized <a href="/wiki/2014_Crimean_status_referendum" title="2014 Crimean status referendum">referendum</a>, with the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">United Nations General Assembly</a> <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_68/262" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution 68/262">voting in favor</a> of Ukraine's territorial integrity.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> Concurrently, protests by <a href="/wiki/Anti-Maidan" title="Anti-Maidan">anti-Maidan</a> and pro-Russian groups took place across other parts of eastern and southern Ukraine. Local separatists, some directed and financed by the Russian security services,<a href="#cite_note-taras4-15">[15]</a> took advantage of the situation and occupied government buildings in <a href="/wiki/Donetsk_Oblast" title="Donetsk Oblast">Donetsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luhansk_Oblast" title="Luhansk Oblast">Luhansk</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_Oblast" title="Kharkiv Oblast">Kharkiv</a> <a href="/wiki/Oblasts_of_Ukraine" title="Oblasts of Ukraine">oblasts</a> in early March 2014. The Ukrainian government was able to quickly quell this unrest, and removed the separatists by 10 March.<a href="#cite_note-de356-16">[16]</a> Eventually, Kharkiv, Odesa, and most parts of Donbas including Mariupol remained under Ukrainian government control. Russia-controlled <a href="/wiki/Donetsk_People%27s_Republic" title="Donetsk People's Republic">DPR</a> and <a href="/wiki/Luhansk_People%27s_Republic" title="Luhansk People's Republic">LPR</a> were formed and took control of Donetsk and Luhansk.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> In the second phase from April 2014, <a href="/wiki/Russian_separatist_forces_in_Donbas" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian separatist forces in Donbas">armed Russian-backed groups</a> seized government buildings across Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts, together known as the <a href="/wiki/Donbas" title="Donbas">Donbas</a>, and <a href="/wiki/War_in_Donbas_(2014%E2%80%932022)" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Donbas (2014–2022)">launched a separatist insurgency in the region</a>. To suppress this insurgency, the Ukrainian government began what it called an "<a href="/wiki/Anti-Terrorist_Operation_Zone_(Ukraine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Terrorist Operation Zone (Ukraine)">Anti-Terrorist Operation</a>" (ATO), sending in the armed forces to quell the unrest.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> Unrest in Kharkiv and <a href="/wiki/Odesa_Oblast" title="Odesa Oblast">Odesa</a> oblasts did not escalate into full-scale armed conflict, although <a href="/wiki/2014_Odesa_clashes" title="2014 Odesa clashes">dozens of mostly pro-Russian protestors were killed</a>. Order was restored in these regions with the cooperation of the local civil authorities,<a href="#cite_note-de3546-19">[19]</a> though pro-Russian disturbances, such as bombings, continued throughout the year.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background">edit</a>]</div> After the 2004 <a href="/wiki/Orange_Revolution" title="Orange Revolution">Orange Revolution</a>, Russia launched a decade-long effort to restore its political influence in Ukraine by playing on existing domestic fault lines and undermining the central government.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> Despite a crackdown on political opponents in 2011–12 (including the arrest and imprisonment of two popular pro-European leaders and including a tightening of personal freedoms), the <a href="/wiki/Verkhovna_Rada" title="Verkhovna Rada">Verkhovna Rada</a> (Ukrainian parliament) agreed in early 2013 to work towards fulfilling the requirements for joining the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, including legislative reform, protecting human rights, and releasing political prisoners.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> In response, Russia started pressuring Ukraine in August 2013 by applying customs regulations on imports from the country,<a href="#cite_note-Aug13Rcr-24">[24]</a> which culminated on 14 August 2013 with the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Customs_Service_of_Russia" title="Federal Customs Service of Russia">Russian Custom Service</a> halting goods coming from Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> This prompted politicians<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> and others<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBCGPU171213-29">[29]</a> to view the move as the start of a <a href="/wiki/Ukraine%E2%80%93European_Union_relations#Russian_reaction" title="Ukraine–European Union relations">trade war against Ukraine to prevent Ukraine from signing a trade agreement</a> with the European Union. When <a href="/wiki/President_of_Ukraine" title="President of Ukraine">president</a> <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Yanukovych" title="Viktor Yanukovych">Viktor Yanukovych</a> refused to sign <a href="/wiki/European_Union%E2%80%93Ukraine_Association_Agreement" title="European Union–Ukraine Association Agreement">an association agreement with the European Union</a> on 21 November 2013,<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> a protest movement dubbed <a href="/wiki/Euromaidan" title="Euromaidan">Euromaidan</a> soon developed into the largest democratic mass movement in Europe since 1989,<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> culminating in the <a href="/wiki/Revolution_of_Dignity" title="Revolution of Dignity">Revolution of Dignity</a>, which removed Yanukovych from power following a majority vote in the Verkhovna Rada and led to the dismissal of <a href="/wiki/Second_Azarov_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Azarov Government">his government</a>.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> Some people in largely <a href="/wiki/Russophone" class="mw-redirect" title="Russophone">Russophone</a> <a href="/wiki/Donbas" title="Donbas">Donbas</a>, the traditional base of support for Yanukovych and his <a href="/wiki/Party_of_the_Regions" class="mw-redirect" title="Party of the Regions">Party of the Regions</a>, did not approve of the revolution, expressing their support for Russia instead.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-36">[36]</a> Historian William Jay Risch notes the spread of rumors aimed against the new Ukrainian government spread on TV and social media by local elites and Russian state media in Donbas. Russia actively supported the separatism in Ukraine, including using its high-level actors, such as Kremlin advisers <a href="/wiki/Vladislav_Surkov" title="Vladislav Surkov">Vladislav Surkov</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sergey_Glazyev" title="Sergey Glazyev">Sergey Glazyev</a>, who organized some of the pro-russian protests.<a href="#cite_note-:1-36">[36]</a> The attendees of pro-Russian protests included <a href="/wiki/Russian_citizens" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian citizens">Russian citizens</a> from across the border who came to support the efforts of pro-Russian activists in Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-ruscit-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-kyivpost3-38">[38]</a> Donetsk oblast governor <a href="/wiki/Serhiy_Taruta" title="Serhiy Taruta">Serhiy Taruta</a> said that rallies in <a href="/wiki/Donetsk" title="Donetsk">Donetsk</a> included ex-convicts and others who travelled from <a href="/wiki/Crimea" title="Crimea">Crimea</a>.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> Ukraine's police and border guards denied entry to more than 8,200 Russians between 4 and 25 March 2014. On 27 March 2014, National Security and Defence Council Secretary <a href="/wiki/Andriy_Parubiy" title="Andriy Parubiy">Andriy Parubiy</a> said that between 500 and 700 Russians were being denied entry daily.<a href="#cite_note-kyivpost.com-40">[40]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_opinion_in_Ukraine">Public opinion in Ukraine</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Public opinion in Ukraine">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Off_topic plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section may contain material <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_writing_better_articles#Stay_on_topic" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Guide to writing better articles">not related to the topic of the article</a>. Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine&action=edit">improve this section</a> or discuss this issue on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine" title="Talk:2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine">talk page</a>. (February 2025) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> A poll conducted by <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_International_Institute_of_Sociology" title="Kyiv International Institute of Sociology">Kyiv International Institute of Sociology</a> (KIIS) from 8–18 February 2014 assessed support for union with Russia throughout Ukraine. It found that, overall, 12% of those polled favoured union with Russia.<a href="#cite_note-KIISpoll-41">[41]</a> 68.0% said that Ukraine should remain independent and maintain friendly relations with Russia. Support for a union between Russia and Ukraine was found to be much higher in certain oblasts: 41.0% <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Republic_of_Crimea" title="Autonomous Republic of Crimea">Crimea</a>, 33.2% <a href="/wiki/Donetsk_Oblast" title="Donetsk Oblast">Donetsk Oblast</a>, 24.1% <a href="/wiki/Luhansk_Oblast" title="Luhansk Oblast">Luhansk Oblast</a>, 24.0% <a href="/wiki/Odesa_Oblast" title="Odesa Oblast">Odesa Oblast</a>, 16.7% <a href="/wiki/Zaporizhzhia_Oblast" title="Zaporizhzhia Oblast">Zaporizhzhia Oblast</a>, 15.1% <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_Oblast" title="Kharkiv Oblast">Kharkiv Oblast</a>, 13.8% <a href="/wiki/Dnipropetrovsk_Oblast" title="Dnipropetrovsk Oblast">Dnipropetrovsk Oblast</a>. Another Kyiv International Institute of Sociology poll the following April, of all of the oblasts of southern and eastern Ukraine except Crimea (which had already been annexed by Russia by that point) found majority opposition to secession from Ukraine and annexation by Russia in all of these oblasts—albeit only a slight majority in opposition to this in the <a href="/wiki/Donbas" title="Donbas">Donbas</a> (Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts).<a href="#cite_note-secession-42">[42]</a> Opposition to secession from Ukraine and annexation by Russia (the combined percentage for the people opting for the options of "Rather, no" and "Certainly, no, I don't") had these percentages in various southern and eastern Ukrainian oblasts:<a href="#cite_note-secession-42">[42]</a> 51.9% Luhansk Oblast, 52.2% Donetsk Oblast, 65.6% Kharkiv Oblast, 78.8% Odesa Oblast, 81.5% Zaporizhzhia Oblast, 84.1% Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, 84.6% Kherson Oblast, 85.4% Mykolaiv Oblast. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Euromaidan_in_Kiev_2014_002.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Euromaidan_in_Kiev_2014_002.jpg/180px-Euromaidan_in_Kiev_2014_002.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Euromaidan_in_Kiev_2014_002.jpg/270px-Euromaidan_in_Kiev_2014_002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Euromaidan_in_Kiev_2014_002.jpg/360px-Euromaidan_in_Kiev_2014_002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="4912" /></a><figcaption>Euromaidan demonstration in Kyiv, January 2014</figcaption></figure> In an opinion poll conducted from 14 to 26 March by the <a href="/wiki/International_Republican_Institute" title="International Republican Institute">International Republican Institute</a>, 26–27% of those polled in southern and eastern Ukraine viewed the Euromaidan protests as a coup d'état.<a href="#cite_note-iri-43">[43]</a> Only 5% of respondents in eastern Ukraine felt that Russian-speakers were 'definitely' under pressure or threat. 13% of respondents in southern Ukraine and 22% in eastern Ukraine viewed Russia's actions in Crimea as protecting Russian-speaking citizens of Ukraine, with 37% and 30% viewing them as invasion and occupation.In the poll, 22% of those in southern Ukraine, and 26% of those in eastern Ukraine, supported the idea of federalization for the country; 69% of southerners and 53% of easterners supported Ukraine remaining as a unitary state; and only 2% of southerners and 4% of easterners supported separatism.<a href="#cite_note-iri-43">[43]</a> 59% of those polled in eastern Ukraine would have liked to join the <a href="/wiki/Customs_Union_of_Belarus,_Kazakhstan_and_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Customs Union of Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia">Russian-led customs union</a>, while only 22% were in favour of joining the European Union. 37% of southerners preferred to join this customs union, while 29% were in favour of joining the EU. 90% of those polled in western Ukraine wanted to enter an economic union with EU, while only 4% favoured the customs union led by Russia. Among all the Ukrainians polled overall, 34% favoured joining the <a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic_Treaty_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="North Atlantic Treaty Organization">North Atlantic Treaty Organization</a>, while 44% were against joining it. In eastern Ukraine and southern Ukraine, only 14% and 11% of the respondents respectively favour joining NATO, while 67% and 52% oppose joining it. 72% of people polled in eastern Ukraine thought that the country was going in the wrong direction, compared with only 36% in western Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-iri-43">[43]</a> A poll conducted by the Donetsk Institute of Social Research and Policy Analysis analysed the identities of Donetsk inhabitants.<a href="#cite_note-onebuild-44">[44]</a> While support for separatism was low, just over a third of polled Donetsk inhabitants identified themselves as "citizens of Ukraine". More preferred "Russian-speaking residents of Ukraine" or "residents of <a href="/wiki/Donbas" title="Donbas">Donbas</a>".<a href="#cite_note-onebuild-44">[44]</a> The same poll determined that 66% of Donetsk residents that were polled supported remaining in a unified Ukraine, while 18.2% supported joining Russia, and 4.7% supported independence.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> A second poll conducted from 26 to 29 March showed that 77% of residents condemned the takeover of administrative buildings, while 16% supported such actions. Furthermore, 40.8% of Donetsk citizens supported rallies for Ukraine's unity, while 26.5% supported pro-Russian rallies.<a href="#cite_note-support-46">[46]</a> In another research poll conducted 8–16 April by KIIS, a vast majority disapproved of the seizure of administrative buildings by protesters.<a href="#cite_note-upkiis-47">[47]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] 45% of those polled in the south and east of Ukraine considered acting President <a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Turchynov" title="Oleksandr Turchynov">Oleksandr Turchynov</a> to be legitimate, while over 50% not. Most of those polled in the south and east of Ukraine believed that the disarmament and disbandment of illegal radical groups is crucial to preserving national unity. 19.1% of those polled in the south and east of Ukraine believed that Ukraine should be an independent state, 45.2% were for an independent state but with decentralization of the power to the regions, but most felt Russia and Ukraine should share open borders without visa restrictions; 8.4% were in favour of Ukraine and Russia uniting into a single state. 15.4% said they favoured secession of their region to join the Russian Federation, and 24.8% favoured Ukraine becoming a federation. Most of those polled said they found nothing attractive about Russia, but those who did, did so for economic, and not cultural reasons. Those polled in southern and eastern Ukraine were generally split on the legitimacy of the present government and parliament, but a majority in all regions agreed that deposed president Viktor Yanukovych was not the legal president of the country. In all regions but the Donbas, pro-Euromaidan oligarch <a href="/wiki/Petro_Poroshenko" title="Petro Poroshenko">Petro Poroshenko</a> dominated preliminary election polls. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kyiv_Ukraine_%27Antimaidan%27_14.12.2013_002.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Kyiv_Ukraine_%27Antimaidan%27_14.12.2013_002.JPG/180px-Kyiv_Ukraine_%27Antimaidan%27_14.12.2013_002.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Kyiv_Ukraine_%27Antimaidan%27_14.12.2013_002.JPG/270px-Kyiv_Ukraine_%27Antimaidan%27_14.12.2013_002.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Kyiv_Ukraine_%27Antimaidan%27_14.12.2013_002.JPG/360px-Kyiv_Ukraine_%27Antimaidan%27_14.12.2013_002.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="4288" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Antimaidan" class="mw-redirect" title="Antimaidan">Anti-Maidan</a> in Kyiv, 14 December 2013</figcaption></figure> A comprehensive poll released on 8 May by the <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Pew Research Centre">Pew Research Centre</a> surveyed opinions in Ukraine on the subject of the unrest.<a href="#cite_note-PewReport-48">[48]</a> The poll was taken after the <a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">annexation of Crimea</a>, but prior to the <a href="/wiki/2014_Odesa_clashes" title="2014 Odesa clashes">clashes in Odesa on 2 May</a>.<a href="#cite_note-PewReport-48">[48]</a> 93% of westerners and 70% of easterners polled said that they wanted Ukraine to remain united.<a href="#cite_note-PewReport-48">[48]</a> Despite international criticism of the 16 March <a href="/wiki/2014_Crimean_status_referendum" title="2014 Crimean status referendum">referendum on Crimean status</a>, 91% of the Crimeans polled thought that the vote was free and fair, and 88% said that the Ukrainian government should accept the results.<a href="#cite_note-PewReport-48">[48]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anti-Maidan">Anti-Maidan</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Anti-Maidan">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Anti-Maidan" title="Anti-Maidan">Anti-Maidan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Titushky" title="Titushky">Titushky</a></div> During the Euromaidan revolution there were widespread reports that pro-Yanukovych and pro-Russian '<a href="/wiki/Anti-Maidan" title="Anti-Maidan">anti-Maidan</a>' protesters were paid for their support.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-paidpor-52">[52]</a> Oleksiy Haran, a political scientist at <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Mohyla_Academy" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyiv Mohyla Academy">Kyiv Mohyla Academy</a> in Kyiv stated that: "People at anti-Maidan stand for money only. The government uses these hirelings to provoke resistance. They won't be sacrificing anything".<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> Russian leader of the extremist <a href="/wiki/Eurasian_Youth_Union" title="Eurasian Youth Union">Eurasian Youth Union</a> Oleg Bakhtiyarov was arrested for, in part, recruiting rioters for US$500 each to assist in the storming of government buildings.<a href="#cite_note-kyivpost.com-40">[40]</a> On 13 April, the Internal Affairs Ministry stated that recruiters were found to be paying $500 to take part in the attacks, and roughly $40 to occupy buildings.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> Reports of paid protesters were supported by <a href="/wiki/Party_of_Regions" title="Party of Regions">Party of Regions</a> member Volodymyr Landik,<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> the First Deputy Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Vitaliy_Yarema" class="mw-redirect" title="Vitaliy Yarema">Vitaliy Yarema</a>,<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute">dubious</a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine#Dubious" title="Talk:2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine">discuss</a>] journalist Serhiy Leshchenko,<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> and a report released by the <a href="/wiki/Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe" title="Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe">Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe</a>.<a href="#cite_note-OSCEreport-58">[58]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media_portrayal">Media portrayal</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Media portrayal">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Media_portrayal_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Media portrayal of the Russo-Ukrainian War">Media portrayal of the Russo-Ukrainian War</a></div> Russian and Ukrainian sources differed greatly in the way they portrayed the pro-Russian demonstrators.<a href="#cite_note-warofwords-59">[59]</a> Militants who took over government buildings in the Donetsk Oblast were consistently labeled as "separatists" and "terrorists" by the Ukrainian government and the western media,[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] whilst Russian media and officials referred to the protesters as "supporters of federalization".<a href="#cite_note-warofwords-59">[59]</a> <a href="/wiki/Russian_media" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian media">Russian media</a> and the militants themselves referred to the <a href="/wiki/First_Yatsenyuk_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="First Yatsenyuk Government">Ukrainian transitional government</a> in Kyiv as the "Bandera <a href="/wiki/Military_junta" title="Military junta">junta</a>" (in reference to the Ukrainian nationalist <a href="/wiki/Stepan_Bandera" title="Stepan Bandera">Stepan Bandera</a>) and also as "<a href="/wiki/Nationalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationalist">nationalist</a>" and as "<a href="/wiki/Fascist" class="mw-redirect" title="Fascist">fascist</a>".<a href="#cite_note-WSJoffensive-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> Russian news broadcasts also featured claims of foreign involvement on the side of the Ukrainian government.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_media" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian media">Ukrainian media</a>, the derogatory term "<a href="/wiki/Colorado_potato_beetle" title="Colorado potato beetle">Colorado beetle</a>"<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> was used for the pro-Russian demonstrators and militants, in reference to the <a href="/wiki/Ribbon_of_St._George" class="mw-redirect" title="Ribbon of St. George">Ribbon of St George</a> they wore.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> Starting in the Russian media, the wave of unrest came to be referred to in Russia and Russian controlled parts of Ukraine as the "Russian Spring", a reference to both the <a href="/wiki/Prague_Spring" title="Prague Spring">Prague Spring</a> of 1968 and the <a href="/wiki/Arab_Spring" title="Arab Spring">Arab Spring</a> of 2010–2011.<a href="#cite_note-he2-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-taras1-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-skvortsov-68">[68]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Timeline">Timeline</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Timeline">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine" title="Timeline of the 2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine">Timeline of the 2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Unrest_by_region">Unrest by region</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Unrest by region">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crimea">Crimea</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Crimea">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2014-03-09_-_Perevalne_military_base_-_0162.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/2014-03-09_-_Perevalne_military_base_-_0162.JPG/220px-2014-03-09_-_Perevalne_military_base_-_0162.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/2014-03-09_-_Perevalne_military_base_-_0162.JPG/330px-2014-03-09_-_Perevalne_military_base_-_0162.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/2014-03-09_-_Perevalne_military_base_-_0162.JPG/440px-2014-03-09_-_Perevalne_military_base_-_0162.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>Russian "<a href="/wiki/Little_green_men_(Russo-Ukrainian_War)" title="Little green men (Russo-Ukrainian War)">little green men</a>" during the seizure of <a href="/wiki/Perevalne" title="Perevalne">Perevalne</a> military base, 9 March 2014</figcaption></figure> Following the removal of Ukrainian president <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Yanukovych" title="Viktor Yanukovych">Viktor Yanukovych</a> on 22 February 2014, various protests and counter-protests were held in <a href="/wiki/Crimea" title="Crimea">Crimea</a>, including by anti-Maidan <a href="/wiki/Russian_nationalism" title="Russian nationalism">Russian nationalists</a> who sought the peninsula's annexation by Russia and by <a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatars" title="Crimean Tatars">Crimean Tatars</a> who supported Ukrainian unity.<a href="#cite_note-de44-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> Beginning on 26 February, <a href="/wiki/Little_green_men_(Russo-Ukrainian_War)" title="Little green men (Russo-Ukrainian War)">unidentified militants</a>,<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-Al_Jazeera_English-72">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-bbc-73">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-Jones-74">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-Reuters-75">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYT-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-reuters.com-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-upi.com-79">[79]</a> subsequently confirmed to be Russian troops by <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a>,<a href="#cite_note-np-80">[80]</a> began to gradually <a href="/wiki/2014_Russian_military_intervention_in_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 Russian military intervention in Ukraine">take control of the Crimean Peninsula</a>. During this time, the question of joining the Russian Federation was put to a <a href="/wiki/2014_Crimean_status_referendum" title="2014 Crimean status referendum">referendum</a>, which had an official turnout of 83 per cent and resulted in a 96% affirmative vote<a href="#cite_note-voanews2-81">[81]</a> but has been condemned by European Union, American, Ukrainian and <a href="/wiki/Mejlis_of_the_Crimean_Tatar_People" title="Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People">Crimean Tatar officials</a> and by the United Nations General Assembly as a violation of the Ukrainian constitution and international law.<a href="#cite_note-voanews2-81">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> On 17 March, the Crimean Parliament declared independence from Ukraine and asked to join the Russian Federation.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> On 18 March, Russia and Crimea signed a <a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_Accession_of_the_Republic_of_Crimea_to_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty on Accession of the Republic of Crimea to Russia">treaty of accession of the Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol into the Russian Federation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> On 21 March, the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_Accession_of_the_Republic_of_Crimea_to_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty on Accession of the Republic of Crimea to Russia">accession treaty</a> was ratified and the establishment of two new constituent entities in the Russian Federation was marked by a 30 gun salute under an executive order of the Russian President.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">U.N. General Assembly</a> passed a non-binding <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_68/262" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution 68/262">resolution</a> by 100 to 11 votes declaring that the referendum was invalid and that the incorporation of Crimea into Russia was illegal.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> Around 3,000 people had fled Crimea by April 1, and 80% of them were Crimean Tatars.<a href="#cite_note-OSCEreport-58">[58]</a> Teams from the <a href="/wiki/Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe" title="Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe">Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe</a> (OSCE) assisted internally displaced persons who have resettled from Crimea in <a href="/wiki/Western_Ukraine" title="Western Ukraine">western Ukraine</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Ivano-Frankivsk_Oblast" title="Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast">Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Chernivtsi_Oblast" title="Chernivtsi Oblast">Chernivtsi Oblast</a>.<a href="#cite_note-OSCEmonitor19-90">[90]</a> The number of refugees, primarily Crimean Tatars, continued to rise, and by 20 May the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees">Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees</a> (UNHCR) said that about 10,000 people had been displaced.<a href="#cite_note-UNHCRdisp-91">[91]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Donetsk_Oblast">Donetsk Oblast</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Donetsk Oblast">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2014-04-06._%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_035.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/2014-04-06._%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_035.jpg/220px-2014-04-06._%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_035.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/2014-04-06._%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_035.jpg/330px-2014-04-06._%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_035.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/2014-04-06._%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_035.jpg/440px-2014-04-06._%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_035.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Pro-Russian protest in Donetsk, 6 April 2014. Pictured are flags of the <a href="/wiki/Donetsk_People%27s_Republic" title="Donetsk People's Republic">Donetsk People's Republic</a>, the Russian Empire, and the <a href="/wiki/Eurasian_Youth_Union" title="Eurasian Youth Union">Eurasian Youth Union</a>.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Donetsk_People%27s_Republic" title="Donetsk People's Republic">Donetsk People's Republic</a></div> Pro-Russian protesters occupied the Donetsk <a href="/wiki/Oblasts_of_Ukraine" title="Oblasts of Ukraine">regional state administration</a> (RSA) building from 1 to 6 March, before being removed by the <a href="/wiki/Security_Service_of_Ukraine" title="Security Service of Ukraine">Security Service of Ukraine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-march6cbs-92">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2014-03-08._%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/2014-03-08._%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_015.jpg/220px-2014-03-08._%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_015.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/2014-03-08._%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_015.jpg/330px-2014-03-08._%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/2014-03-08._%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_015.jpg/440px-2014-03-08._%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Pro-Russian protesters in <a href="/wiki/Donetsk" title="Donetsk">Donetsk</a>, 8 March 2014</figcaption></figure> 13 March was marked by violent clashes between pro-Maidan and <a href="/wiki/Anti-Maidan" title="Anti-Maidan">anti-Maidan</a> protesters in Donetsk. A large group of anti-Maidan protesters broke through a police cordon and began to attack a smaller pro-Maidan demonstration.<a href="#cite_note-OSCEreport-58">[58]</a> In interviews with OSCE monitors, bystanders described how a group of around thirty pro-Maidan protesters "were forced to seek shelter in a police bus that became surrounded by anti-Maidan attackers".<a href="#cite_note-OSCEreport-58">[58]</a> The windows of the bus "were smashed, and irritant gas was dispersed inside, forcing the group to exit the bus, where they were then subjected to beatings and verbal abuse".<a href="#cite_note-OSCEreport-58">[58]</a> A pro-Ukrainian protester was stabbed to death during the violence.<a href="#cite_note-reutersmarch13-94">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-DEN5314-95">[95]</a> A report by the OSCE said that "police forces" failed "to take adequate measure to protect the pro-Maidan assembly", and "could be observed treating the anti-Maidan protesters in a favourable manner".<a href="#cite_note-OSCEreport-58">[58]</a> After this day of violence, interviewees told the OSCE that residents of Donetsk had decided not to organize more peaceful pro-Maidan demonstrations, "out of fear for their safety".<a href="#cite_note-OSCEreport-58">[58]</a> On Sunday, 6 April, pro-Russian protesters held a rally in Donetsk pushing for a referendum on independence.<a href="#cite_note-BBC100a6414-96">[96]</a> A group of 1,000 protestors broke away from the crowd and stormed the RSA building, with the police offering little resistance.<a href="#cite_note-od3567-97">[97]</a> They then occupied the building and raised the Russian flag over it while the people outside chanted "Russia, Russia".<a href="#cite_note-BBC100a6414-96">[96]</a> 100 people proceeded to barricade themselves in the building.<a href="#cite_note-BBC100a6414-96">[96]</a> The separatists declared that if an extraordinary session was not held by officials, announcing a referendum to join Russia, they would declare unilateral control by forming a "People's Mandate" at noon on 7 April, and dismiss all elected council members and MPs.<a href="#cite_note-NovDnUa1-98">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-UPravda1-99">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> The people who voted within the RSA were not elected to the positions they assumed.<a href="#cite_note-BBCtha-101">[101]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/Information_Telegraph_Agency_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Information Telegraph Agency of Russia">Information Telegraph Agency of Russia</a>, the declaration was voted on by some regional legislators, however other reports say that neither the Donetsk city administration nor local district councils in city neighbourhoods delegated any representatives to the session.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-DCCNI-103">[103]</a> According to the Ukrainian government, the seizure of RSA buildings by pro-Russian forces was part of "a script" which was "written in the Russian Federation" to destabilize Ukraine, carried out by "about 1,500 radicals in each region who spoke with clear Russian accents".<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> On 6 April, the leaders of the separatist group <a href="/wiki/Donetsk_Republic_(organization)" class="mw-redirect" title="Donetsk Republic (organization)">Donetsk Republic</a> announced that a referendum, on whether <a href="/wiki/Donetsk_Oblast" title="Donetsk Oblast">Donetsk Oblast</a> should "join the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Federation">Russian Federation</a>", would take place "no later than 11 May 2014."<a href="#cite_note-itartassapril7-105">[105]</a> Additionally, the group's leaders have appealed to Russian President <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> to send Russian peacekeeping forces to the region.<a href="#cite_note-itartassapril7-105">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> The group has been banned in Ukraine since 2007. The group's leader, Andrei Purgin, had been arrested weeks prior on charges of separatism.<a href="#cite_note-arrest-107">[107]</a> The political leader of the state was the self-declared People's Governor <a href="/wiki/Pavel_Gubarev" title="Pavel Gubarev">Pavel Gubarev</a>,<a href="#cite_note-leader-108">[108]</a> a former member of the <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Socialist_Party_of_Ukraine" title="Progressive Socialist Party of Ukraine">Progressive Socialist Party of Ukraine</a>,<a href="#cite_note-march10afp-109">[109]</a> who was also under arrest on charges of separatism.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> In response to these actions, acting Ukrainian President <a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Turchynov" title="Oleksandr Turchynov">Oleksandr Turchynov</a> vowed to launch a major counter-terrorism operation against separatist movements in the country's eastern regions.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> Later that day, the SBU office in Donetsk was retaken by SBU Alpha Group.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> The Ukrainian special forces unit led by the Ukrainian vice prime minister for law enforcement, <a href="/wiki/Vitaliy_Yarema" class="mw-redirect" title="Vitaliy Yarema">Vitaliy Yarema</a>, that was supposed to restore control over the Donetsk RSA building, however, refused to storm it and remove the separatists.<a href="#cite_note-od3567-97">[97]</a> Turchynov offered amnesty to the separatists if they laid down their arms and surrendered, and also offered concessions that included devolution of power to regions, and the protection of the Russian language in law.<a href="#cite_note-concessionsdonetsk-115">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> Many in Donetsk expressed disapproval toward the actions of the separatists.<a href="#cite_note-onebuilding-117">[117]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Government_building_seizures">Government building seizures</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Government building seizures">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sloviansk" title="Siege of Sloviansk">Siege of Sloviansk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kramatorsk" title="Battle of Kramatorsk">Battle of Kramatorsk</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2014-04-14_Sloviansk_city_council_-_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/2014-04-14_Sloviansk_city_council_-_2.jpg/220px-2014-04-14_Sloviansk_city_council_-_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/2014-04-14_Sloviansk_city_council_-_2.jpg/330px-2014-04-14_Sloviansk_city_council_-_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/2014-04-14_Sloviansk_city_council_-_2.jpg/440px-2014-04-14_Sloviansk_city_council_-_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1325" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sloviansk" title="Sloviansk">Sloviansk</a> city council under control of masked men armed with <a href="/wiki/AK-74" title="AK-74">Kalashnikov</a> assault rifles and <a href="/wiki/RPG-26" title="RPG-26">RPG-26</a> rocket launchers</figcaption></figure> As political scientist <a href="/wiki/Taras_Kuzio" title="Taras Kuzio">Taras Kuzio</a> writes, "Russia transformed protestors in the Donbas into armed insurgents; this was never an organic process."<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> On 12 April, a group of masked militants, formed in Crimea and led by former officer of Russian security services <a href="/wiki/Igor_Girkin" title="Igor Girkin">Igor Girkin</a>,<a href="#cite_note-kp-119">[119]</a> captured the executive committee building, the police department and SBU office in <a href="/wiki/Sloviansk" title="Sloviansk">Sloviansk</a>, a city in the northern part of the Donetsk Oblast.<a href="#cite_note-kpslov-120">[120]</a> Ukrainian Internal Affairs Minister <a href="/wiki/Arsen_Avakov_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsen Avakov (politician)">Arsen Avakov</a> labelled the gunmen "terrorists", and swore to use the Ukrainian special forces to retake the building.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> Seizures of police stations and other government buildings by armed separatist groups also occurred in other cities in Donetsk Oblast, including <a href="/wiki/Donetsk" title="Donetsk">Donetsk City</a> proper, <a href="/wiki/Kramatorsk" title="Kramatorsk">Kramatorsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Druzhkivka" title="Druzhkivka">Druzhkivka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horlivka" title="Horlivka">Horlivka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mariupol" title="Mariupol">Mariupol</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yenakiieve" title="Yenakiieve">Yenakiieve</a>.<a href="#cite_note-OSCEmonitor-123">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-fullscale-124">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> Ukrainian transitional president <a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Turchynov" title="Oleksandr Turchynov">Oleksandr Turchynov</a> launched a full-scale 'anti-terror' military operation to reclaim the buildings.<a href="#cite_note-fullscale-124">[124]</a> <a href="/wiki/Vitaly_Yarema" title="Vitaly Yarema">Vitaly Yarema</a> said that Russian Special Forces units, including the <a href="/wiki/45th_Guards_Spetsnaz_Brigade" title="45th Guards Spetsnaz Brigade">45th Parachute Guards Regiment</a> usually stationed near Moscow, were operating on Ukrainian territory in the cities of Kramatorsk and Sloviansk. On 16 April, the number of Russian special forces troops was said to be 450.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Civilians_block_ukrainian_military_near_Slavyansk.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Civilians_block_ukrainian_military_near_Slavyansk.jpg/220px-Civilians_block_ukrainian_military_near_Slavyansk.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Civilians_block_ukrainian_military_near_Slavyansk.jpg/330px-Civilians_block_ukrainian_military_near_Slavyansk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Civilians_block_ukrainian_military_near_Slavyansk.jpg/440px-Civilians_block_ukrainian_military_near_Slavyansk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="637" data-file-height="477" /></a><figcaption>Separatists block Ukrainian military near Sloviansk, April 2014</figcaption></figure> By 16 April, the 'anti-terror' operation being conducted by the Ukrainian government in Donetsk Oblast had hit some stumbling blocks.<a href="#cite_note-fizzle-128">[128]</a> Protesters seized Ukrainian armoured vehicles in Kramatorsk, and <a href="/wiki/Sloviansk_Standoff" class="mw-redirect" title="Sloviansk Standoff">sent soldiers away</a> in Sloviansk.<a href="#cite_note-fizzle-128">[128]</a> During the night of 16 April, about 300 pro-Russian protesters attacked a Ukrainian military unit in <a href="/wiki/Mariupol" title="Mariupol">Mariupol</a>, throwing <a href="/wiki/Petrol_bombs" class="mw-redirect" title="Petrol bombs">petrol bombs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-cautiousputin-129">[129]</a> Internal Affairs Minister <a href="/wiki/Arsen_Avakov_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsen Avakov (politician)">Arsen Avakov</a> said that troops were forced to open fire, resulting in the killing of three of the attackers.<a href="#cite_note-cautiousputin-129">[129]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Geneva_Statement_on_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Geneva Statement on Ukraine">Geneva Statement of 17 April</a> did not result in the end of the government building occupations in Donetsk Oblast. Two pro-Russian groups in Mariupol said that they 'felt betrayed' by the action taken in Geneva.<a href="#cite_note-OSCEmonitor19-90">[90]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Truce" class="mw-redirect" title="Truce">truce</a> declared for <a href="/wiki/Easter_Sunday" class="mw-redirect" title="Easter Sunday">Easter Sunday</a> was broken by an attack upon a separatist checkpoint in Sloviansk, further inflaming tensions.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> The situation remained tense on 23 April, with occupation of government buildings ongoing throughout the region. <a href="/wiki/OSCE" class="mw-redirect" title="OSCE">OSCE</a> monitors observed that the city administration building, SBU building, and police station in Sloviansk remained heavily fortified by armed groups of men with masks and automatic weapons.<a href="#cite_note-OSCEmonitor24-131">[131]</a> The city remained quiet, with no protests occurring. However, the monitors believed that the city remained under heavy surveillance, both by people in uniforms and masks, but also by many persons in civilian clothing. One resident said that people in Sloviansk were afraid to discuss their opinions of the occupiers.<a href="#cite_note-OSCEmonitor24-131">[131]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sloviansk_standoff_-_18-20_April_2014_-_04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Sloviansk_standoff_-_18-20_April_2014_-_04.jpg/220px-Sloviansk_standoff_-_18-20_April_2014_-_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Sloviansk_standoff_-_18-20_April_2014_-_04.jpg/330px-Sloviansk_standoff_-_18-20_April_2014_-_04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Sloviansk_standoff_-_18-20_April_2014_-_04.jpg/440px-Sloviansk_standoff_-_18-20_April_2014_-_04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Barricade in Sloviansk, 23 April 2014</figcaption></figure> On 24 April, Ukrainian forces made a series of 'probing attacks' into Sloviansk against the insurgents. The self-proclaimed separatist mayor of the city, <a href="/wiki/Vyacheslav_Ponomarev_(public_figure)" title="Vyacheslav Ponomarev (public figure)">Vyacheslav Ponomarev</a>, declared in response that 'We will make <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stalingrad" title="Battle of Stalingrad">Stalingrad</a> out of this town'.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> The Ukrainian government then stated on 25 April that it would 'fully blockade the city of Sloviansk', and continue with the 'anti-terror' operation.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> Amid the increasing tensions, separatists in Sloviansk <a href="/wiki/Sloviansk_standoff#International_military_observers_detained" class="mw-redirect" title="Sloviansk standoff">detained seven international monitors</a> on an OSCE military verification mission in Ukraine, who had been travelling into the city on a bus, along with the bus driver and five accompanying Ukrainian soldiers.<a href="#cite_note-seizedmonitorsbbc-134">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-OSCEmonitor26-135">[135]</a> The journalists were being held at the occupied SBU building.<a href="#cite_note-seizedmonitorsbbc-134">[134]</a> Access to the city remained unrestricted despite the supposed Ukrainian army blockade, with separatist barricades manned by fewer people then on previous days.<a href="#cite_note-OSCEmonitor26-135">[135]</a> Local residents said that the separatist administration in Sloviansk provided no administrative services to citizens.<a href="#cite_note-OSCEmonitor26-135">[135]</a> Leaflets released by the <a href="/wiki/Donetsk_People%27s_Republic" title="Donetsk People's Republic">Donetsk People's Republic</a> were distributed on 26 April, notifying citizens of a referendum on the question of whether or not they supported the proclamation of "state sovereignty" by the Republic<a href="#cite_note-OSCEmonitor28-136">[136]</a> to be held on 11 May. In the morning on the next day, two members of the <a href="/wiki/OSCE" class="mw-redirect" title="OSCE">OSCE</a> special monitoring mission were held by a group of unarmed men from the <a href="/wiki/Russian_separatist_forces_in_Donbas" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian separatist forces in Donbas">Donbas People's Militia</a> in <a href="/wiki/Yenakiieve" title="Yenakiieve">Yenakiieve</a>.<a href="#cite_note-OSCEmonitor28-136">[136]</a> They were taken to the occupied city hall, questioned, and then released after a letter sent by the mission's office in Kyiv confirmed the credentials of the monitors.<a href="#cite_note-OSCEmonitor28-136">[136]</a> A large pro-government rally in Donetsk city marched in protest against the violence in Donetsk Oblast, and the <a href="#Shooting_of_Hennadiy_Kernes">attempted assassination of Kharkiv mayor Hennadiy Kernes</a> on 28 April.<a href="#cite_note-shotrallyfirecracker-137">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> The rally was swiftly and violently broken up by separatists armed with baseball bats, iron rods, firecrackers and shields.<a href="#cite_note-shotrallyfirecracker-137">[137]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Second_counter-offensive">Second counter-offensive</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Second counter-offensive">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mariupol_(2014)" title="Battle of Mariupol (2014)">Battle of Mariupol (2014)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2014-05-09._%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_187.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/2014-05-09._%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_187.jpg/220px-2014-05-09._%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_187.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/2014-05-09._%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_187.jpg/330px-2014-05-09._%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_187.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/2014-05-09._%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_187.jpg/440px-2014-05-09._%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_187.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>The barricade outside Donetsk RSA featuring anti-western slogans some of which read (in Russian): <div><ul><li>«Shame on Ukrainian <a href="/wiki/Churnalism" title="Churnalism">churnalists</a>, boycott Ukrainian media!» (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: Позор украинским журналюгам, бойкот украинским сми!)</li><li>«Federation is not separatism!»</li></ul></div> </figcaption></figure> A new counter-offensive by government forces on Sloviansk during the early morning of 2 May resulted in the downing of two government helicopters, and casualties on both sides.<a href="#cite_note-armyhelicopter-139">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-dw-140">[140]</a> As a result, Ukrainian forces gained control of all separatist checkpoints, and of half the city.<a href="#cite_note-armyhelicopter-139">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-manydead-141">[141]</a> President <a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Turchynov" title="Oleksandr Turchynov">Oleksandr Turchynov</a> said that many separatists were "killed, injured and arrested".<a href="#cite_note-manydead-141">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-kpassaultonsloviansk-142">[142]</a> In the early morning on the next day, the counter-offensive then targeted to <a href="/wiki/Kramatorsk" title="Kramatorsk">Kramatorsk</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andriivka_in_Donetsk_Oblast&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andriivka in Donetsk Oblast (page does not exist)">Andriivka in Donetsk Oblast</a> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%96%D1%97%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE,_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD)" class="extiw" title="uk:Андріївка (село, Волноваський район)">uk</a>].<a href="#cite_note-BBCOSCEfreeed-143">[143]</a> Serious fighting resulted in the recapture of the occupied buildings in Kramatorsk by government forces, and at least ten separatists were said to have been killed in Andriivka.<a href="#cite_note-BBCOSCEfreeed-143">[143]</a> All of the international military monitors who had been held in Sloviansk were released by <a href="/wiki/Vyacheslav_Ponomarev_(public_figure)" title="Vyacheslav Ponomarev (public figure)">Vyacheslav Ponomaryov</a> on 3 May.<a href="#cite_note-BBCOSCEfreeed-143">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> On the same day, protesters in the city of Donetsk stormed and occupied the chairman of the regional government's private business office and the SBU building, smashing windows and ransacking files as an act of revenge for the clashes in Odesa.<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-OSCEmonitor6-146">[146]</a> Kramatorsk was reoccupied by militants on 4 May, and Sloviansk saw renewed fighting on 5 May, resulting in the deaths of four Ukrainian soldiers.<a href="#cite_note-unianwithdraw-147">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> Fierce fighting took place in <a href="/wiki/Mariupol" title="Mariupol">Mariupol</a> starting 5 May.<a href="#cite_note-mariupolseize-149">[149]</a> Posters plastered on the occupied city administration building read "OSCE get out" or "OSCE you cheat".<a href="#cite_note-OSCEmonitor7-150">[150]</a> As part of the counter-offensive, government forces recaptured the building on 7 May, but then left it, allowing the separatists to quickly re-occupy it.<a href="#cite_note-mariupolseize-149">[149]</a> Occupied buildings in Donetsk had been heavily fortified by 6 May, and <a href="/wiki/Donetsk_International_Airport" title="Donetsk International Airport">Donetsk International Airport</a> was closed to all traffic.<a href="#cite_note-OSCEmonitor8-151">[151]</a> The regional television broadcasting centre remained occupied by about thirty camouflaged insurgents with <a href="/wiki/AK-47" title="AK-47">AK-47s</a>.<a href="#cite_note-OSCEmonitor8-151">[151]</a> A <a href="/wiki/BTR-70" title="BTR-70">BTR-70</a> was parked outside building, along with barricades made of sandbags and tyres. A similar presence was observed at the RSA building.<a href="#cite_note-OSCEmonitor8-151">[151]</a> On 7 May, Russian president <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> asked the separatists to delay the planned 11 May <a href="/wiki/2014_Donetsk_status_referendum" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 Donetsk status referendum">referendum on the status of Donetsk</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BBCputin-152">[152]</a> <a href="/wiki/Denis_Pushilin" title="Denis Pushilin">Denis Pushilin</a>, the leader of the <a href="/wiki/Donetsk_People%27s_Republic" title="Donetsk People's Republic">Donetsk People's Republic</a>, refused.<a href="#cite_note-BBCgoahead-153">[153]</a> In response, Ukrainian transitional prime minister <a href="/wiki/Arseniy_Yatsenyuk" title="Arseniy Yatsenyuk">Arseniy Yatsenyuk</a> referred to Putin's words "hot air", and vowed that the counter-offensive in Donetsk would continue.<a href="#cite_note-BBCgoahead-153">[153]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Mariupol_standoff" class="mw-redirect" title="Mariupol standoff">large skirmish</a> erupted in <a href="/wiki/Mariupol" title="Mariupol">Mariupol</a> on 9 May, when government troops launched an attack on a police station in the city, resulting in the killing of at least twenty people.<a href="#cite_note-GNmari-154">[154]</a> These were described by the Ukrainian government as "militants" and "terrorists", though some local residents said that they were unarmed protestors.<a href="#cite_note-GNmari-154">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Referendum">Referendum</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Referendum">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/2014_Donbas_status_referendums" title="2014 Donbas status referendums">2014 Donbas status referendums</a> and <a href="/wiki/Federal_State_of_Novorossiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal State of Novorossiya">Federal State of Novorossiya</a></div> The <a href="/wiki/2014_Donbas_status_referendums" title="2014 Donbas status referendums">disputed referendum</a> on the status of Donetsk Oblast was held on 11 May.<a href="#cite_note-BBCresult-157">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-RSref-158">[158]</a> According to representatives of the Donetsk People's Republic, 89% voted in favour of self-rule, and 10% voted against.<a href="#cite_note-BBCresult-157">[157]</a> Turnout was said to be 75%.<a href="#cite_note-RSref-158">[158]</a> OSCE monitors did not observe the referendum, as the situation in Donetsk after the skirmish in Mariupol was said to be "volatile", forcing them to restrict their operations in the region.<a href="#cite_note-OSCEmonitor5911-159">[159]</a> After the results were announced, leader of the Republic <a href="/wiki/Denis_Pushilin" title="Denis Pushilin">Denis Pushilin</a> said that "all Ukrainian military troops in the region would be considered occupying forces".<a href="#cite_note-BBCresult-157">[157]</a> In response to the perceived weakness of the Ukrainian army, some Ukrainians who opposed the insurgents formed the "<a href="/wiki/Donbas_Battalion" title="Donbas Battalion">Donbas Volunteer Battalion</a>", modeled on the Ukrainian partisan groups that fought against both the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">German Reich</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> during the Second World War.<a href="#cite_note-milit-160">[160]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2014-05-08._%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/2014-05-08._%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_008.jpg/220px-2014-05-08._%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_008.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/2014-05-08._%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_008.jpg/330px-2014-05-08._%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/2014-05-08._%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_008.jpg/440px-2014-05-08._%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Insurgent emplacement in Donetsk, also showing a road sign that points to major conflict areas: <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sloviansk" title="Siege of Sloviansk">Sloviansk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mariupol_standoff" class="mw-redirect" title="Mariupol standoff">Mariupol</a>.</figcaption></figure> Steelworkers and security guards from <a href="/wiki/Metinvest" title="Metinvest">Metinvest</a>, along with local police, began joint patrols in the city of Mariupol on 15 May.<a href="#cite_note-CBCclean-161">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-OSCEmonitor15-162">[162]</a> These groups forced the insurgents out of the buildings that they had been occupying.<a href="#cite_note-CBCclean-161">[161]</a> A representative of Mariupol supporters of the Donetsk People's Republic, Denis Kuzmenko, was party to a deal which led to this vacation of buildings by the insurgents,<a href="#cite_note-metinvest-163">[163]</a> but a local commander of those insurgents who had been occupying the building said that "someone is trying to sow discord among us, someone has signed something, but we will continue our fight", and that "everyone ran away".<a href="#cite_note-CBCclean-161">[161]</a> Steelworkers could be seen removing barricades from the city centre, and also cleaning up the burnt city administration building.<a href="#cite_note-OSCEmonitor15-162">[162]</a> By the morning of 16 May, <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a> journalists could find no trace of the insurgents in Mariupol city centre.<a href="#cite_note-CBCclean-161">[161]</a> On 16 May, however, it seemed that separatists were not banished from the city, as reporters from <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a> said that about a hundred pro-Russian activists gathered on the steps of the city administration building, and that the separatist flag continued to fly over it.<a href="#cite_note-help-164">[164]</a> <a href="/wiki/Rinat_Akhmetov" title="Rinat Akhmetov">Rinat Akhmetov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Business_oligarch" title="Business oligarch">oligarch</a> and owner of Metinvest, called for non-violent protests against the separatists in <a href="/wiki/Donbas" title="Donbas">Donbas</a> on 19 May.<a href="#cite_note-RFEakh-165">[165]</a> In response to this call, cars gathered in front of the Donetsk RSA building and continually honked their horns.<a href="#cite_note-OSCEmonitor522-166">[166]</a> OSCE monitors said that some elderly people threw stones and water bottles at the cars as they passed by the RSA. Another group of thirty people outside the RSA chanted the slogan "Akhmetov is an enemy of the people" while holding banners that said "Akhmetov is a thief and is a supporter of fascism" and "Are you a slave to Akhmetov?"<a href="#cite_note-OSCEmonitor522-166">[166]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Confederation" title="Confederation">confederal</a> <a href="/wiki/Federal_State_of_Novorossiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal State of Novorossiya">state of Novorossiya</a> was proclaimed by <a href="/wiki/Pavel_Gubarev" title="Pavel Gubarev">Pavel Gubarev</a> on 22 May, incorporating both the Donetsk People's Republic and <a href="/wiki/Luhansk_People%27s_Republic" title="Luhansk People's Republic">Luhansk People's Republic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Welcome_to_New_Russia-167">[167]</a> "<a href="/wiki/New_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="New Russia">New Russia</a>" (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: Novorossiya) hearkens back to a term used by the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> to refer to modern eastern and southern Ukraine. A few days later, on 26 May, <a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Donetsk_Airport" title="First Battle of Donetsk Airport">a heated battle</a> broke out between separatist insurgents that had been in control of <a href="/wiki/Donetsk_International_Airport" title="Donetsk International Airport">Donetsk International Airport</a>, and Ukrainian government forces.<a href="#cite_note-GDaport-168">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-OSCEmonitor527-169">[169]</a> Around fifty insurgents were killed in the fighting, which resulted in their losing control of the airport.<a href="#cite_note-GDaport-168">[168]</a> <a href="/wiki/Chechens" title="Chechens">Chechen</a> paramilitaries, along with others from Russia, fought Ukrainian forces during the battle.<a href="#cite_note-NYchech-170">[170]</a> According to Artur Gasparian, a member of the insurgent unit that had been holding the airport, the majority of the separatists' losses were due to <a href="/wiki/Friendly_fire" title="Friendly fire">friendly fire</a>.<a href="#cite_note-gasparian-171">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> Members of the Vostok battalion, the pro-Russian insurgent group that fought Ukrainian forces at the airport, took control over the Donetsk RSA building on 28 May, and removed the leaders of the Donetsk People's Republic.<a href="#cite_note-FTcoup-173">[173]</a> Participants in the action said that it was an "emergency measure" to halt "a sharp rise in looting and crime, as well as disorder within leadership".<a href="#cite_note-GDaport-168">[168]</a> They were seen clearing barricades and rubbish left by those previously in control of the building. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Continued_fighting">Continued fighting</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Continued fighting">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/War_in_Donbas_(2014%E2%80%932022)" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Donbas (2014–2022)">War in Donbas (2014–2022)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2014-06-03._%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_015.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/2014-06-03._%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_015.JPG/220px-2014-06-03._%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_015.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/2014-06-03._%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_015.JPG/330px-2014-06-03._%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_015.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/2014-06-03._%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_015.JPG/440px-2014-06-03._%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_015.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1360" /></a><figcaption>Vostok Battalion members dismantling the barricade at Donetsk RSA on 3 June.</figcaption></figure> Fighting continued through the month of June. As part of Ukrainian president <a href="/wiki/Petro_Poroshenko" title="Petro Poroshenko">Petro Poroshenko</a>'s <a href="#Fifteen-point_peace_plan">fifteen-point peace plan</a>, a frequently broken ceasefire spanned from 20 June until the 30th.<a href="#cite_note-BBCtrice-174">[174]</a> A renewed government offensive after the ceasefire broke down resulted in heavy losses for the separatists, forcing them to withdraw from northern Donetsk Oblast, including many cities that had been under their control since April, such as <a href="/wiki/Sloviansk" title="Sloviansk">Sloviansk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Druzhkivka" title="Druzhkivka">Druzhkivka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kostyantynivka" class="mw-redirect" title="Kostyantynivka">Kostyantynivka</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kramatorsk" title="Kramatorsk">Kramatorsk</a>.<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBCkramawith-176">[176]</a><a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a> Heavy fighting continued in the following months, until the signing of the <a href="/wiki/Minsk_Protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="Minsk Protocol">Minsk Protocol</a> in early September, which established a ceasefire.<a href="#cite_note-OSCE5SEPT-178">[178]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Attacks_on_journalists">Attacks on journalists</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Attacks on journalists">edit</a>]</div> There were a number of attacks on members of the press by members of the separatists in Donetsk. On 10 April, protesters outside the Donetsk RSA attacked Belarusian journalists for speaking the <a href="/wiki/Belarusian_language" title="Belarusian language">Belarusian language</a>, and not Russian; Ukrainian journalists were forced to speak Russian to avoid angering pro-Russian protesters. According to <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Post" title="Kyiv Post">Kyiv Post</a>, they also attacked reporters from <a href="/wiki/Russia_Today" class="mw-redirect" title="Russia Today">Russia Today</a>, but RT did not carry the story.<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a> Days later on 12 April, a group of 150 people supported armed militants outside the police station in Sloviansk who were hostile to journalists, telling them to "go back to Kyiv."<a href="#cite_note-kyivpost4-180">[180]</a> An unknown man set the car of the editor-in-chief of the News of Donbas on fire. The editor had been receiving anonymous threats from the separatists.<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a> On 19 April, the offices of local newspaper Pro Gorod in <a href="/wiki/Torez" class="mw-redirect" title="Torez">Torez</a>, 80 kilometres (50 mi) south-east of Donetsk, were set on fire.<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> Separatists torched the offices of the newspaper Provintsia in <a href="/wiki/Kostiantynivka" title="Kostiantynivka">Kostiantynivka</a> on 23 April, after previously harassing newspaper staff and labeling them members of the '<a href="/wiki/Right_Sector" title="Right Sector">Right Sector</a> movement'.<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a><a href="#cite_note-OSCEattacks-184">[184]</a> Stepan Chirich, a Belarusian reporter with the Russian <a href="/wiki/NTV_(Russia)" title="NTV (Russia)">NTV</a> channel disappeared in <a href="/wiki/Dnipropetrovsk_Oblast" title="Dnipropetrovsk Oblast">Dnipropetrovsk Oblast</a>.<a href="#cite_note-OSCEattacks-184">[184]</a> Another journalist, Evgenii Gapich, a photographer for the Reporter newspaper from <a href="/wiki/Ivano-Frankivsk" title="Ivano-Frankivsk">Ivano-Frankivsk</a> disappeared in <a href="/wiki/Horlivka" title="Horlivka">Horlivka</a>, his whereabouts are unknown, but allegedly he has been held in detention by separatist forces in <a href="/wiki/Sloviansk" title="Sloviansk">Sloviansk</a>. <a href="#cite_note-OSCEattacks-184">[184]</a> Furthermore, Simon Ostrovsky, a journalist with <a href="/wiki/Vice_News" title="Vice News">Vice News</a>, was captured by unidentified people in uniform in Sloviansk, and released after four days.<a href="#cite_note-OSCEattacks-184">[184]</a> British journalist <a href="/wiki/Graham_Phillips_(blogger)" class="mw-redirect" title="Graham Phillips (blogger)">Graham Phillips</a> was taken captive by both the separatists, and the Ukrainian army.<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a> A report by <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> criticized the Ukrainian government for "the serial arrests of Russian journalists in Ukraine".<a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Luhansk_Oblast">Luhansk Oblast</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Luhansk Oblast">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Russian_spring_(Luhansk_01.03.2014)_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Russian_spring_%28Luhansk_01.03.2014%29_01.JPG/220px-Russian_spring_%28Luhansk_01.03.2014%29_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Russian_spring_%28Luhansk_01.03.2014%29_01.JPG/330px-Russian_spring_%28Luhansk_01.03.2014%29_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Russian_spring_%28Luhansk_01.03.2014%29_01.JPG/440px-Russian_spring_%28Luhansk_01.03.2014%29_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Protesters around a statue of <a href="/wiki/Taras_Shevchenko" title="Taras Shevchenko">Taras Shevchenko</a> on Heroes Square in <a href="/wiki/Luhansk" title="Luhansk">Luhansk</a>, waving both Russian and Ukrainian flags, 1 March 2014</figcaption></figure> In protest against the proposed cancelling of the <a href="/wiki/Legislation_on_languages_in_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Legislation on languages in Ukraine">regional language law</a>, the regional administration of <a href="/wiki/Luhansk_Oblast" title="Luhansk Oblast">Luhansk Oblast</a> voted to demand that the Russian language be given official language status. They also demanded the stopping of the persecution of former Berkut officers, the disarming of Maidan self-defence units, and the banning of a number of far-right political organizations, like <a href="/wiki/Svoboda_(political_party)" title="Svoboda (political party)">Svoboda</a> and <a href="/wiki/UNA-UNSO" class="mw-redirect" title="UNA-UNSO">UNA-UNSO</a>. In the event that the authorities failed to comply with the demands, the Oblast administration reserved the "right to ask for help from the brotherly people of the Russian Federation".<a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a> Government buildings in Luhansk have been occupied multiple times. A peaceful pro-Maidan demonstration on Heroes Square, outside the Luhansk city administration building, was attacked by anti-Maidan counter-demonstrators on 9 March.<a href="#cite_note-OSCEreport-58">[58]</a> The attackers then stormed the building, and occupied it, but were swiftly removed by government forces.<a href="#cite_note-OSCEreport-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Security_Service_of_Ukraine" title="Security Service of Ukraine">Security Service of Ukraine</a> (SBU) local headquarters was occupied on 6 April, along with the SBU's armoury of over 300 machine guns.<a href="#cite_note-nrvio-189">[189]</a> Pro-Russian activists discussed plans for a "Luhansk Parliamentary Republic" on 8 April 2014.<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a> 1,500 were involved in the building's occupation.<a href="#cite_note-parliamentary-191">[191]</a> The occupiers referred to themselves as the Army of the South-East (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: Армия Юго-Востока).<a href="#cite_note-theguardian-192">[192]</a><a href="#cite_note-theguardian2-193">[193]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Guardian (UK)">The Guardian</a>, the personnel include former members of the <a href="/wiki/Berkut_(Ukraine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Berkut (Ukraine)">Berkut</a> <a href="/wiki/Special_police_force" class="mw-redirect" title="Special police force">special police</a>.<a href="#cite_note-theguardian-192">[192]</a> The mood remained tense in Luhansk on 14 April.<a href="#cite_note-OSCEmonitor-123">[123]</a> During the morning, up to 300 persons were observed at the entrance of the SBU building.<a href="#cite_note-OSCEmonitor-123">[123]</a> There has been no indication that pro-Russian demonstrators in Luhansk would enact the terms of the <a href="/wiki/Geneva_Statement_on_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Geneva Statement on Ukraine">Geneva Statement on Ukraine</a>, and demonstrations have continued.<a href="#cite_note-OSCEmonitor20-194">[194]</a> Those occupying the SBU building told OSCE monitors on 20 April that they would demobilize once occupied buildings in Kyiv were vacated by Euromaidan supporters.<a href="#cite_note-OSCEmonitor20-194">[194]</a> The monitors also encountered a roadblock near the village of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rayhorodka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rayhorodka (page does not exist)">Rayhorodka</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Novoaidar_Raion" title="Novoaidar Raion">Novoaidar Raion</a>.<a href="#cite_note-OSCEmonitor22-195">[195]</a> It was manned by about ten people in civilian clothes, including the local Orthodox priest. They stated that they set up the roadblock on 14 April to protect their village from any separatist incursions. A commander of the Ukrainian army indicated that no incidents had occurred at the roadblock so far, but that unknown armed individuals had been seen approaching it in the night.<a href="#cite_note-OSCEmonitor22-195">[195]</a> A rally outside the SBU building to elect a 'people's government' in Luhansk occurred on 21 April.<a href="#cite_note-OSCEmonitor22-195">[195]</a><a href="#cite_note-iflhfr-196">[196]</a><a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a> At the rally, protesters called for an 11 May referendum on the status of Luhansk Oblast with three options: be part of a Ukrainian Federation, join the Russian Federation or remain part of a unitary Ukraine. Around 1,500 participants were observed at the peak of the rally.<a href="#cite_note-OSCEmonitor22-195">[195]</a> The leaders of the rally said that they were not separatists, and sought a peaceful solution, which would allow Luhansk to remain within Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-OSCEmonitor22-195">[195]</a><a href="#cite_note-iflhfr-196">[196]</a> The <a href="/wiki/OSCE" class="mw-redirect" title="OSCE">OSCE</a> monitoring mission reported that the situation in Luhansk on 23 April was 'stable', and that the area around the occupied SBU building was 'quiet'.<a href="#cite_note-OSCEmonitor24-131">[131]</a> The monitors met with representatives of a non-governmental organization that said they had been held captive for six hours within the building on 21 April, and that about 100 men in unmarked uniforms with machine guns were present inside it at the time.<a href="#cite_note-OSCEmonitor24-131">[131]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Escalation">Escalation</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Escalation">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Luhansk_People%27s_Republic" title="Luhansk People's Republic">Luhansk People's Republic</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Destroyed_house_in_Donbass.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Destroyed_house_in_Donbass.jpg/220px-Destroyed_house_in_Donbass.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Destroyed_house_in_Donbass.jpg/330px-Destroyed_house_in_Donbass.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Destroyed_house_in_Donbass.jpg/440px-Destroyed_house_in_Donbass.jpg 2x" data-file-width="634" data-file-height="465" /></a><figcaption>Destroyed house in Donbas, 22 July 2014</figcaption></figure> Several hundred protesters that had gathered outside the occupied SBU building proclaimed the "Luhansk People's Republic" on 27 April.<a href="#cite_note-itarfedlu-198">[198]</a><a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a> They demanded that Ukrainian government provide amnesty for all protesters, enshrine Russian as an official language, and hold a referendum on the status of the region.<a href="#cite_note-itarfedlu-198">[198]</a> They issued an ultimatum that stated that if Kyiv did not meet their demands by 14:00 on 29 April, they would launch an insurgency in tandem with that of the <a href="/wiki/Donetsk_People%27s_Republic" title="Donetsk People's Republic">Donetsk People's Republic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-itarfedlu-198">[198]</a><a href="#cite_note-OSCEmonitor29-200">[200]</a> As these demands were not met, 2,000 to 3,000 protestors stormed the Luhansk RSA building on 29 April.<a href="#cite_note-OSCEmonitor30-201">[201]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBCLPRRSA-202">[202]</a> Previously, only the SBU building had been targeted. The building was unprotected on the exterior, but a group of riot police confronted the protesters in an inner courtyard of the building.<a href="#cite_note-reutersLRSA-203">[203]</a> A brief standoff resulted, but the police did nothing to stop the protesters.<a href="#cite_note-reutersLRSA-203">[203]</a> A Russian flag was raised over the building.<a href="#cite_note-BBCLPRRSA-202">[202]</a> Several other buildings, including a police station and the local prosecutor's office were later seized.<a href="#cite_note-BBCLPRRSA-202">[202]</a> Twenty separatist gunmen fired machine guns at the police station to force the officers within to surrender.<a href="#cite_note-RTENATO-204">[204]</a> President <a href="/wiki/Oleksander_Turchynov" class="mw-redirect" title="Oleksander Turchynov">Oleksander Turchynov</a> responded to the loss of the buildings by demanding the immediate resignation of police chiefs in Donetsk and Luhansk.<a href="#cite_note-RTENATO-204">[204]</a> By 2 May, however, pro-Russian protesters occupying the city council and the television centre had left, and the prosecutors office was freed following negotiations between authorities and separatists.<a href="#cite_note-armyhelicopter-139">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-205">[205]</a> The next day, however, separatist leader and self-proclaimed mayor of Luhansk <a href="/wiki/Valeriy_Bolotov" class="mw-redirect" title="Valeriy Bolotov">Valeriy Bolotov</a> announced the formation of a "South-Eastern Army" to march on Kyiv.<a href="#cite_note-OSCEmonitor6-146">[146]</a> Bolotov also declared a <a href="/wiki/State_of_emergency" title="State of emergency">state of emergency</a>, introduced a curfew, a ban on political parties, and a mandate that local law enforcement officials must take an oath of allegiance to him.<a href="#cite_note-OSCEmonitor6-146">[146]</a> In a video statement, he said "In case of not following this, you will be announced traitors of people of Luhansk and wartime measures will be taken against you".<a href="#cite_note-cnn-206">[206]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Tigr_(Russian_military_vehicle)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tigr (Russian military vehicle)">GAZ Tigr</a> heavy armoured vehicle emblazoned with the emblem of the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_of_Russia" title="Liberal Democratic Party of Russia">Liberal Democratic Party of Russia</a> was seen parked outside the RSA building on 8 May, along with men in military gear and assault rifles.<a href="#cite_note-OSCEmonitor598-207">[207]</a><a href="#cite_note-OSCEmonitor597-208">[208]</a> Whilst speaking to OSCE monitors, the Deputy Governor of Luhansk Oblast said that the "security situation in the region is deteriorating due to activities of the separatists and criminal gangs".<a href="#cite_note-OSCEmonitor598-207">[207]</a> Members of the OSCE special monitoring mission were later stopped at an 'illegal' checkpoint near the village of <a href="/wiki/Shchastia" title="Shchastia">Shchastya</a>, and held for three hours before being released.<a href="#cite_note-OSCEmonitor5911-159">[159]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Referendum_2">Referendum</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Referendum">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2014_Donbas_status_referendums" title="2014 Donbas status referendums">2014 Donbas status referendums</a></div> The disputed referendum on the status of Luhansk Oblast was held on 11 May.<a href="#cite_note-BBCresult-157">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-RSref-158">[158]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/RIA_Novosti" title="RIA Novosti">RIA Novosti</a>, 96.2% voted in favour of self-rule.<a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a> <a href="/wiki/Valeriy_Bolotov" class="mw-redirect" title="Valeriy Bolotov">Valeriy Bolotov</a>, leader of the Republic, declared "<a href="/wiki/Martial_law" title="Martial law">martial law</a>" on 22 May.<a href="#cite_note-OSCEmonitor522-166">[166]</a> OSCE monitors said that around 70% of "shops, cafés and banks" were closed in Luhansk city centre.<a href="#cite_note-OSCEmonitor522-166">[166]</a> Those shops that were still open were said to be sold out of some necessities, and fuel was not available. Police were entirely absent.<a href="#cite_note-OSCEmonitor522-166">[166]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Confederation" title="Confederation">confederal</a> <a href="/wiki/Federal_State_of_Novorossiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal State of Novorossiya">state of Novorossiya</a> was proclaimed by <a href="/wiki/Pavel_Gubarev" title="Pavel Gubarev">Pavel Gubarev</a> on 22 May, incorporating both the Donetsk People's Republic and <a href="/wiki/Luhansk_People%27s_Republic" title="Luhansk People's Republic">Luhansk People's Republic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Welcome_to_New_Russia-167">[167]</a> "Novorossiya" hearkens back to a term used by the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> to refer to modern eastern and southern Ukraine. Explosions struck the RSA building in Luhansk on 2 June, killing eight people, and wounding twenty-eight.<a href="#cite_note-newseuk-210">[210]</a><a href="#cite_note-avnad-211">[211]</a> Russian media reported that the explosions were caused by an airstrike by Ukrainian government forces. Ukrainian government officials denied this, and said that the insurgents had fired an anti-aircraft missile at themselves.<a href="#cite_note-newseuk-210">[210]</a> The next day, the OSCE special monitoring mission said that based on "limited observation", the "strikes were the result of non-guided rockets shot from an aircraft".<a href="#cite_note-BBChfs-212">[212]</a><a href="#cite_note-213">[213]</a> A CNN investigation found clear evidence that the detonations came from the air and the pattern of the craters suggested use of standard equipment on the <a href="/wiki/Sukhoi_Su-25" title="Sukhoi Su-25">Su-25</a>, a ground-attack fighter, and the Su-27—both combat aircraft operated by Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-214">[214]</a> Analysis by RadioLiberty also concluded that "Despite Denials, All Evidence For Deadly Explosion Points To Kyiv".<a href="#cite_note-215">[215]</a> Heavy fighting in the region continued over the following months, until the signing of the <a href="/wiki/Minsk_Protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="Minsk Protocol">Minsk Protocol</a> in early September, which established a ceasefire.<a href="#cite_note-OSCE5SEPT-178">[178]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kharkiv_Oblast">Kharkiv Oblast</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Kharkiv Oblast">edit</a>]</div> Protests were also held in <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_Oblast" title="Kharkiv Oblast">Kharkiv Oblast</a>, and the regional state administration building there was occupied multiple times. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2014._%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/2014._%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_011.jpg/220px-2014._%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_011.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/2014._%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_011.jpg/330px-2014._%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/2014._%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_011.jpg/440px-2014._%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="1832" /></a><figcaption>Pro-Ukrainian protesters in Kharkiv, February 2014</figcaption></figure> Unrest first gripped <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv" title="Kharkiv">Kharkiv</a> city on 22 February 2014, when <a href="/wiki/Euromaidan" title="Euromaidan">Euromaidan</a> protesters <a href="/wiki/2014_Euromaidan_regional_state_administration_occupations" title="2014 Euromaidan regional state administration occupations">occupied</a> the Kharkiv regional state administration (RSA) building.<a href="#cite_note-KsuFeb14-216">[216]</a><a href="#cite_note-BW23OCT-217">[217]</a> Later that day, several thousand pro-Ukrainian protesters tried to topple <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Lenin_in_Kharkiv" title="Statue of Lenin in Kharkiv">a statue</a> of <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin" title="Vladimir Lenin">Vladimir Lenin</a> that stood opposite to the RSA building in <a href="/wiki/Freedom_Square_(Kharkiv)" title="Freedom Square (Kharkiv)">Freedom Square</a>. Several taxi drivers defended the monument, injuring several of the protesters. By the next day, several thousand pro-Russian protesters had gathered in the square to protect the statue.<a href="#cite_note-KsuFeb14-216">[216]</a> They set up a perimeter fence around it. Then governor of <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_Oblast" title="Kharkiv Oblast">Kharkiv Oblast</a> <a href="/wiki/Mykhailo_Dobkin" title="Mykhailo Dobkin">Mykhailo Dobkin</a> made a speech to the defenders of the statue, saying that the statue was "a symbol of our city... we will leave it here and we will defend it".<a href="#cite_note-KsuFeb14-216">[216]</a> Local police kept Euromaidan and <a href="/wiki/Anti-Maidan" title="Anti-Maidan">Anti-Maidan</a> protesters apart until 1 March.<a href="#cite_note-218">[218]</a> On that day, pro-Russian activists stormed the RSA building, assaulted the Euromaidan activists who had been occupying it, and raised the <a href="/wiki/Russian_flag" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian flag">Russian flag</a> over the building.<a href="#cite_note-219">[219]</a> Some of the protesters were Russian citizens who had travelled to Kharkiv from Russia.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes1-220">[220]</a><a href="#cite_note-221">[221]</a> According to the local media, 2,000 Russians were brought by buses with Russian <a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plate" title="Vehicle registration plate">number plates</a> to Kharkiv to take part in the storming of the RSA building.<a href="#cite_note-222">[222]</a> Russian activist organizations confirmed that they sent Russians to "peacefully protest" in Kharkiv. Police regained control of the building by evening on the same day, and replaced the Russian flag with that of Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-NNA3MA-223">[223]</a><a href="#cite_note-REU5MA-224">[224]</a> Demonstrations by pro-Russian and pro-Ukrainian activists in Kharkiv continued throughout the month of March. These included pro-Russian gatherings of up to 5,000 people.<a href="#cite_note-225">[225]</a> Despite this, the city remained relatively calm until 15 March, when two people were killed in a shootout between Ukrainian nationalists and pro-Russian activists.<a href="#cite_note-226">[226]</a><a href="#cite_note-227">[227]</a><a href="#cite_note-UkraineNationalists-228">[228]</a> On the next day, pro-Russian activists broke into a Ukrainian cultural centre in Kharkiv, removed books written in the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian language</a>, and burned them on the street outside.<a href="#cite_note-bonfires_in_Kharkiv_street-229">[229]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A5%D0%9E%D0%93%D0%90_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D1%88%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%AF%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/%D0%A5%D0%9E%D0%93%D0%90_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D1%88%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%AF%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC_4.jpg/220px-%D0%A5%D0%9E%D0%93%D0%90_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D1%88%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%AF%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/%D0%A5%D0%9E%D0%93%D0%90_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D1%88%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%AF%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC_4.jpg/330px-%D0%A5%D0%9E%D0%93%D0%90_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D1%88%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%AF%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/%D0%A5%D0%9E%D0%93%D0%90_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D1%88%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%AF%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC_4.jpg/440px-%D0%A5%D0%9E%D0%93%D0%90_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D1%88%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%AF%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Pro-Russian protesters in Kharkiv, 8 April 2014</figcaption></figure> Pro-Russian protesters stormed and occupied the RSA building on 6 April. The next day, protesters in the occupied RSA building unilaterally declared independence from Ukraine as the "Kharkiv People's Republic".<a href="#cite_note-230">[230]</a> Doubts arose about the local origin of the protesters after they initially stormed an opera and ballet theatre believing it was the city hall.<a href="#cite_note-MT140408-231">[231]</a> By 8 April, the RSA building had been retaken by Ukrainian special forces, and seventy protesters had been arrested.<a href="#cite_note-KRR2-232">[232]</a> 1,000 pro-Russian protesters returned to the RSA building on 13 April, and rallied around it, with some entering.<a href="#cite_note-kharkivinfiltrate-233">[233]</a> These protesters then holed up inside the building with Kharkiv mayor <a href="/wiki/Hennadiy_Kernes" title="Hennadiy Kernes">Hennadiy Kernes</a>. Later in the day, Kernes declared his support for an autonomy referendum and amnesty for the arrested Kharkiv separatists.<a href="#cite_note-kernessep-234">[234]</a> At least fifty pro-government protesters, who had been holding concurrent demonstrations, were severely beaten in attacks by pro-Russian protesters.<a href="#cite_note-kharkivinfiltrate-233">[233]</a><a href="#cite_note-235">[235]</a> Gunshots and grenade explosions were heard. Videos showed three people covered with blood being held on the <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_Metro" title="Kharkiv Metro">metro</a> station stairs, and separatists coming up to them, kicking them and shouting "they are not humans!"<a href="#cite_note-kharkivinfiltrate-233">[233]</a> According to a report by the <a href="/wiki/Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe" title="Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe">Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe</a> (OSCE) monitoring mission on 19 April, no protesters had been seen in front of the RSA building since 13 April.<a href="#cite_note-OSCEmonitor-123">[123]</a> The Kharkiv City Appeals Court ruled on 17 April that 43 of the 65 protesters arrested by authorities following the takeover of the RSA building on 8 and 9 April would remain in custody.<a href="#cite_note-OSCEmonitor19-90">[90]</a> Sentences for another 16 were changed to house arrest. Three detainees were released on bail, whereas the three remaining had been earlier sentenced to house arrest.<a href="#cite_note-OSCEmonitor19-90">[90]</a> Kharkiv remained calm over the weekend of 19–20 April, though a small, peaceful pro-Russian protest was held on <a href="/wiki/Freedom_Square_(Kharkiv)" title="Freedom Square (Kharkiv)">Freedom Square</a>.<a href="#cite_note-OSCEmonitor20-194">[194]</a> Demonstrations continued on Freedom Square, with 500 people gathering on 21 April to elect a so-called "people's government".<a href="#cite_note-OSCEmonitor22-195">[195]</a> Worsening economic conditions in Ukraine were cited by participants as an impetus for the demonstrations.<a href="#cite_note-OSCEmonitor22-195">[195]</a> They called for the resignation of the city mayor and prosecutor as well as the return of <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Yanukovych" title="Viktor Yanukovych">Viktor Yanukovych</a>. Vladimir Varshavsky was elected as "people's governor".<a href="#cite_note-OSCEmonitor22-195">[195]</a> More peaceful rallies were held in the morning on 23 April, with both anti-government and pro-government demonstrations held in Kharkiv city centre.<a href="#cite_note-OSCEmonitor24-131">[131]</a> Each rally was attended by around 400 people.<a href="#cite_note-OSCEmonitor24-131">[131]</a> Around 150 anti-government protesters gathered outside the city council building on Constitution Square concurrently with the rallies. Later that day, over 7,000 residents held a rally in the same spot to support the unity and territorial integrity of Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-236">[236]</a> The situation overall in Kharkiv remained calm, though police remained on high alert.<a href="#cite_note-OSCEmonitor24-131">[131]</a> A small group of riot police were seen guarding the RSA building on 25 April, though the police presence as a whole in the city appeared to be much reduced.<a href="#cite_note-OSCEmonitor26-135">[135]</a> Rival demonstrations by supporters and opponents of a unitary Ukrainian state occurred on 27 April in Kharkiv city.<a href="#cite_note-OSCEmonitor28-136">[136]</a> This resulted in clashes between around 400 opponents and 500 to 600 supporters of the Ukrainian government. Police attempts to quell the unrest were not successful.<a href="#cite_note-OSCEmonitor28-136">[136]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Shooting_of_Hennadiy_Kernes">Shooting of Hennadiy Kernes</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Shooting of Hennadiy Kernes">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Off_topic plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section may contain material <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_writing_better_articles#Stay_on_topic" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Guide to writing better articles">not related to the topic of the article</a>. Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine&action=edit">improve this section</a> or discuss this issue on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine" title="Talk:2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine">talk page</a>. (September 2024) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> The mayor of Kharkiv, <a href="/wiki/Hennadiy_Kernes" title="Hennadiy Kernes">Hennadiy Kernes</a>, was shot in the back while cycling on 28 April 2014.<a href="#cite_note-237">[237]</a> He was said to be in "grave, but stable" condition,<a href="#cite_note-mayorshot-238">[238]</a> but later recovered, according to <a href="/wiki/Televiziyna_Sluzhba_Novyn" class="mw-redirect" title="Televiziyna Sluzhba Novyn">Televiziyna Sluzhba Novyn</a> on 10 May 2014.<a href="#cite_note-239">[239]</a> Kernes was known as a staunch opponent of the Euromaidan. However, he had also stated that he did not support the pro-Russian insurgency, and backed a united Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-mayorshot-238">[238]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mykhailo_Dobkin" title="Mykhailo Dobkin">Mykhailo Dobkin</a>, a former governor of Kharkiv Oblast and potential Ukrainian presidential candidate, said "You want to know my opinion, they were shooting not at Kernes, but at Kharkiv", and said that the shooting was an attempt to destabilize what was otherwise a relatively calm region.<a href="#cite_note-mayorshot-238">[238]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Further_protests">Further protests</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Further protests">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2014._%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_017.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/2014._%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_017.jpg/250px-2014._%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_017.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/2014._%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_017.jpg/375px-2014._%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/2014._%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_017.jpg/500px-2014._%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_017.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Pro-Russian signs around the statue bearing the words "Against vandalism", "Fascists, don't test the patience of Kharkiv citizens!", "Caution! Fascism is set free!" and "<a href="/wiki/Banderites" class="mw-redirect" title="Banderites">Banderites</a>! REMEMBER – KHARKIV IS NOT YOUR TERRITORY."</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ukrainian_military_roadblocks_in_Donetsk_oblast.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Ukrainian_military_roadblocks_in_Donetsk_oblast.jpg/220px-Ukrainian_military_roadblocks_in_Donetsk_oblast.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Ukrainian_military_roadblocks_in_Donetsk_oblast.jpg/330px-Ukrainian_military_roadblocks_in_Donetsk_oblast.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Ukrainian_military_roadblocks_in_Donetsk_oblast.jpg/440px-Ukrainian_military_roadblocks_in_Donetsk_oblast.jpg 2x" data-file-width="619" data-file-height="384" /></a><figcaption>Ukrainian military roadblocks in Donetsk oblast, 8 May</figcaption></figure> Kharkiv returned to relative calm by 30 April, no rallies having been observed there by OSCE monitors.<a href="#cite_note-OSCEmonitor30-201">[201]</a> A minor demonstration by about four-hundred separatists was held in Freedom Square on 4 May.<a href="#cite_note-OSCEmonitor6-146">[146]</a> A notably increased police presence remained in and around Freedom Square. On the same day, a planned rally by pro-Ukrainian unity groups was cancelled due to concerns about potential clashes in the wake of the Odesa disaster.<a href="#cite_note-OSCEmonitor6-146">[146]</a> Demonstrations by "opponents of Ukrainian unity" with Russian and Soviet flags were held in front of the Russian and Polish consulates in Kharkiv city on 26 May.<a href="#cite_note-OSCEmonitor527-169">[169]</a> These demonstrators initiated petitions that they said were signed by 1,500 people from Kharkiv, which called on the EU and Russia not to recognise the results of the 25 May <a href="/wiki/2014_Ukrainian_presidential_election" title="2014 Ukrainian presidential election">Ukrainian presidential election</a>. They also voiced opposition to the Ukrainian government's military operations against pro-Russian separatists in Donetsk Oblast.<a href="#cite_note-OSCEmonitor527-169">[169]</a> Mayor <a href="/wiki/Hennadiy_Kernes" title="Hennadiy Kernes">Hennadiy Kernes</a> returned to Kharkiv city on 16 June, after receiving medical treatment in <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>.<a href="#cite_note-OSCE617-240">[240]</a> The city administration provided buses for around 1,000 people who came to greet him upon his return. Demonstrations similar to the one that took place on 26 May continued throughout the month of June. One such demonstration took place on 22 June, with 800–900 people gathering on the 73rd anniversary of the <a href="/wiki/Operation_Barbarossa" title="Operation Barbarossa">German Reich's invasion of the Soviet Union</a>.<a href="#cite_note-OSCE622-241">[241]</a> The demonstrators voiced the same concerns about the Ukrainian government's military operations in the East, protesting against Ukraine's efforts to combat separatist insurgents in Donetsk Oblast.<a href="#cite_note-OSCE622-241">[241]</a> Concurrently, around 1,000 people rallied for a ban on the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Ukraine" title="Communist Party of Ukraine">Communist Party of Ukraine</a>, and on pro-Russian demonstrations.<a href="#cite_note-OSCE624-242">[242]</a> Some of the people participating in this rally approached the location of the aforementioned pro-Russian demonstration. A verbal confrontation ensued, involving participants of both rallies.<a href="#cite_note-OSCE624-242">[242]</a> Police officers that had been escorting the pro-Ukrainian demonstrators dispersed the crowd.<a href="#cite_note-OSCE624-242">[242]</a> Thirty activists from both groups were temporarily detained as a result. The chief of the Kharkiv Oblast branch of the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Internal_Affairs_(Ukraine)" title="Ministry of Internal Affairs (Ukraine)">Ministry of Internal Affairs</a> said on 28 June that about 200 policemen had been fired since March for having been "in violation of the law", with many of them having "separatist views".<a href="#cite_note-PDkhsep-243">[243]</a> He also said that police intervention on 22 June had managed to "prevent slaughter", and that both Euromaidan and Anti-Maidan activists had been trying to "destabilize the situation".<a href="#cite_note-PDkhsep-243">[243]</a> Furthermore, Kharkiv Oblast governor <a href="/wiki/Ihor_Baluta" title="Ihor Baluta">Ihor Baluta</a> wrote on his <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a> page that 314 "active separatists" had been arrested in Kharkiv since 6 April.<a href="#cite_note-244">[244]</a> Another protest by about 300 Ukrainian unity activists took place on 22 July.<a href="#cite_note-OSCE257-245">[245]</a> They gathered outside the RSA building with European Union, <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a>, and Ukrainian flags, and said that they wanted to prevent the war in the Donbas region from spreading to Kharkiv Oblast. They demanded that gatherings of separatists and communists within Kharkiv city be prohibited.<a href="#cite_note-OSCE257-245">[245]</a> An attempt was made to destroy an important bridge in the village of Hrushuvakha on 29 July.<a href="#cite_note-IFbrad-246">[246]</a> The bridge was not damaged in the attempt, but Kharkiv RSA said that there were other plots to carry out "terrorist attacks" in Kharkiv Oblast. The mayor of Kharkiv, <a href="/wiki/Hennadiy_Kernes" title="Hennadiy Kernes">Hennadiy Kernes</a>, granted <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_city" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of the city">freedom of the city</a> to two Russian citizens at a session of the city council on 6 August.<a href="#cite_note-OSCEfoc-247">[247]</a> This concerned some people in the city, causing about one-hundred people to protest outside city administration building.<a href="#cite_note-OSCEfoc-247">[247]</a><a href="#cite_note-INTp-kde-248">[248]</a> Police restrained the protesters, who attempted to force their way into the building. Protesters and the police negotiated, and eventually five protestors were allowed into the city administration to voice their grievances.<a href="#cite_note-OSCEfoc-247">[247]</a> Kharkiv remained calm for the next few days, until 10 August.<a href="#cite_note-OSCE1182014-249">[249]</a><a href="#cite_note-OSCE8AUG2014-250">[250]</a> On that day, about 150 people gathered outside the city administration and demanded an end to the <a href="/wiki/War_in_Donbas_(2014%E2%80%932022)" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Donbas (2014–2022)">government military operation</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Donbas" title="Donbas">Donbas</a> region.<a href="#cite_note-OSCE1182014-249">[249]</a> A counter-protest was also held, with about 300 people voicing their support for the government military opposition, calling for the dissolution of the city administration, and the dismissal of the mayor.<a href="#cite_note-OSCE1182014-249">[249]</a> About one-hundred <a href="/wiki/Anti-Maidan" title="Anti-Maidan">anti-Maidan</a>-affiliated demonstrators gathered on <a href="/wiki/Freedom_Square_(Kharkiv)" title="Freedom Square (Kharkiv)">Freedom Square</a> to protest against <a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Ukraine" title="Corruption in Ukraine">corruption in Ukraine</a> on 17 August.<a href="#cite_note-Status_quo_17814-251">[251]</a> One of the speakers at the protest said that the best way to fight corruption was to create a "local regional government", as they said this would eliminate the need to "bribe the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Ministers_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine">ministers</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a>". A concurrent protest in the same square saw 250 pro-<a href="/wiki/Euromaidan" title="Euromaidan">Euromaidan</a> demonstrators voice their support for <a href="/wiki/Lustration" title="Lustration">lustration</a> and against <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_oligarchs" title="Ukrainian oligarchs">oligarchy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Status_quo_17814-251">[251]</a> The pro-Euromaidan demonstrators also collected money for the <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Ukraine" title="Armed Forces of Ukraine">Armed Forces of Ukraine</a>, and for refugees fleeing the <a href="/wiki/War_in_Donbas_(2014%E2%80%932022)" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Donbas (2014–2022)">war in Donbas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Status_quo_17814-251">[251]</a> A Kharkiv court decision banned a planned 23 August joint rally of the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Ukraine" title="Communist Party of Ukraine">Communist Party of Ukraine</a> and the organization "South-East".<a href="#cite_note-252">[252]</a> "South-East" itself was banned on 20 August, because it was deemed to be "a threat to the sovereignty of Ukraine and the security of its people" by a Kharkiv court.<a href="#cite_note-253">[253]</a> About 500 people marched on 23 August in commemoration of the <a href="/wiki/Day_of_the_National_Flag_(Ukraine)" title="Day of the National Flag (Ukraine)">Day of the National Flag</a> and the <a href="/wiki/European_Day_of_Remembrance_for_Victims_of_Stalinism_and_Nazism" class="mw-redirect" title="European Day of Remembrance for Victims of Stalinism and Nazism">European Day of Remembrance for Victims of Stalinism and Nazism</a>; one of their demands was the dissolution of the city administration.<a href="#cite_note-254">[254]</a> A peaceful gathering of Ukrainian unity activists was held outside the Russian consulate in Kharkiv on 28 August.<a href="#cite_note-OSCE30AUG-255">[255]</a> Around 400 people attended the demonstration. Participants said they were concerned about Russia's intervention in the <a href="/wiki/War_in_Donbas_(2014%E2%80%932022)" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Donbas (2014–2022)">war in Donbas</a>. The demonstration was later dispersed by the police after <a href="/wiki/Stun_grenade" title="Stun grenade">stun grenades</a> were thrown at the consulate.<a href="#cite_note-OSCE30AUG-255">[255]</a> One of the largest gatherings of supporters of Ukrainian unity in many months took place in Kharkiv on 28 September.<a href="#cite_note-BBC28SEPT-256">[256]</a><a href="#cite_note-OSCE29SEPT-257">[257]</a> At about 14:30, a diverse[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">specify</a>] crowd of 2,000 people met in front of the Opera House. The demonstration was led by the <a href="/wiki/Azov_Battalion" class="mw-redirect" title="Azov Battalion">Azov</a> paramilitary battalion.<a href="#cite_note-OSCE29SEPT-257">[257]</a> The crowd then marched to <a href="/wiki/Freedom_Square_(Kharkiv)" title="Freedom Square (Kharkiv)">Freedom Square</a>, where there was a monumental statue of <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin" title="Vladimir Lenin">Vladimir Lenin</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Lenin_in_Kharkiv#Ukraine" title="Statue of Lenin in Kharkiv">statue</a> had been a rallying point for pro-Russian protesters earlier in the year.<a href="#cite_note-BBC28SEPT-256">[256]</a> By this time, the crowd had reached 5,000 people. The statue of Lenin was pulled down by the pro-Ukrainian demonstrators at 22:40, shortly after oblast governor <a href="/wiki/Ihor_Baluta" title="Ihor Baluta">Ihor Baluta</a> signed an order to dismantle the statue.<a href="#cite_note-BBC28SEPT-256">[256]</a> In late October, Governor Baluta admitted that he thought that the majority of the city's residents had not wanted the statue removed, but said "there was hardly any protest afterward either, which is quite telling".<a href="#cite_note-BW23OCT-217">[217]</a> From early November until mid-December, Kharkiv was struck by seven non-lethal bomb blasts. Targets of these attacks included a rock pub known for raising money for Ukrainian forces, a hospital for Ukrainian forces, a military recruiting centre, and a <a href="/wiki/National_Guard_of_Ukraine" title="National Guard of Ukraine">National Guard</a> base.<a href="#cite_note-258">[258]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Security_Service_of_Ukraine" title="Security Service of Ukraine">SBU</a> investigator <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vasyliy_Vovk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vasyliy Vovk (page does not exist)">Vasyliy Vovk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Intelligence_Service_(Russia)" title="Foreign Intelligence Service (Russia)">Russian covert forces</a> were behind the attacks, and had intended to destabilize the otherwise calm city of Kharkiv.<a href="#cite_note-259">[259]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Odesa_Oblast">Odesa Oblast</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Odesa Oblast">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2014_Odesa_clashes" title="2014 Odesa clashes">2014 Odesa clashes</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:RussianSpringOdessa20140420_02.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/RussianSpringOdessa20140420_02.JPG/220px-RussianSpringOdessa20140420_02.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/RussianSpringOdessa20140420_02.JPG/330px-RussianSpringOdessa20140420_02.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/RussianSpringOdessa20140420_02.JPG/440px-RussianSpringOdessa20140420_02.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Pro-Russian Odesskaya Druzhina militants at a rally in Odesa, 20 April 2014.</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><video id="mwe_player_2" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Euromaidan_Odessa_02.03.14.webm/220px--Euromaidan_Odessa_02.03.14.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="37" data-mwtitle="Euromaidan_Odessa_02.03.14.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f1/Euromaidan_Odessa_02.03.14.webm/Euromaidan_Odessa_02.03.14.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f1/Euromaidan_Odessa_02.03.14.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f1/Euromaidan_Odessa_02.03.14.webm/Euromaidan_Odessa_02.03.14.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f1/Euromaidan_Odessa_02.03.14.webm/Euromaidan_Odessa_02.03.14.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f1/Euromaidan_Odessa_02.03.14.webm/Euromaidan_Odessa_02.03.14.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f1/Euromaidan_Odessa_02.03.14.webm/Euromaidan_Odessa_02.03.14.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f1/Euromaidan_Odessa_02.03.14.webm/Euromaidan_Odessa_02.03.14.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></div><div class="thumbcaption">Pro-Ukrainian demonstration in Odesa, 2 March.</div></div></div></div></div> Beginning on 1 March, demonstrations began in <a href="/wiki/Odesa_Oblast" title="Odesa Oblast">Odesa Oblast</a>. Police reported that 5,000 participated in a pro-Russian demonstration in the city of <a href="/wiki/Odesa" title="Odesa">Odesa</a> on that day.<a href="#cite_note-260">[260]</a> Rolling demonstrations continued, and on 3 March 2014, 200–500 demonstrators with Russian flags attempted to seize the <a href="/wiki/Odesa_Oblast" title="Odesa Oblast">Odesa Regional State Administration</a> building.<a href="#cite_note-261">[261]</a><a href="#cite_note-odessamar1-262">[262]</a><a href="#cite_note-263">[263]</a> They demanded that a referendum on the establishment of an "Odesa <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous Republic">Autonomous Republic</a>" be held.<a href="#cite_note-odessamar1-262">[262]</a> An 'Odesa People's Republic' was allegedly proclaimed by an internet group in <a href="/wiki/Odesa_Oblast" title="Odesa Oblast">Odesa Oblast</a> on 16 April.<a href="#cite_note-264">[264]</a> Members of the Odesa <a href="/wiki/Antimaidan" class="mw-redirect" title="Antimaidan">anti-Maidan</a> protest group later swore that they made no such declaration, and the leaders of the group said they had only heard about it through the media.<a href="#cite_note-265">[265]</a> The <a href="/wiki/OSCE" class="mw-redirect" title="OSCE">OSCE</a> monitoring mission in Ukraine later confirmed that the situation in Odesa remained calm.<a href="#cite_note-OSCEmonitor-123">[123]</a> Local <a href="/wiki/Anti-Maidan" title="Anti-Maidan">anti-Maidan</a> and pro-<a href="/wiki/Euromaidan" title="Euromaidan">Euromaidan</a> leaders in <a href="/wiki/Odesa_Oblast" title="Odesa Oblast">Odesa Oblast</a> voiced scepticism about the <a href="/wiki/Geneva_Statement_on_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Geneva Statement on Ukraine">Geneva Statement on Ukraine</a> on 20 April. The anti-Maidan leaders insisted that they aimed not at secession, but at the establishment of a wider <a href="/wiki/Federated_state" title="Federated state">federated state</a> called '<a href="/wiki/Novorossiya" title="Novorossiya">Novorossiya</a>' within Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-OSCEmonitor20-194">[194]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Hand_grenade" class="mw-redirect" title="Hand grenade">hand grenade</a> was thrown from a passing car at a joint police-Maidan self-defence checkpoint outside <a href="/wiki/Odesa" title="Odesa">Odesa</a> on 25 April, injuring seven people, and causing heightened tensions in the region.<a href="#cite_note-266">[266]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="City_centre_clashes_and_further_events">City centre clashes and further events</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: City centre clashes and further events">edit</a>]</div> A week later, on 2 May, a rally by about 2,000 pro-government demonstrators, including football <a href="/wiki/Ultras" title="Ultras">ultras</a>, was attacked by about 300 anti-Maidan militants with batons and helmets.<a href="#cite_note-267">[267]</a><a href="#cite_note-268">[268]</a><a href="#cite_note-269">[269]</a> Both sides clashed in the streets of central Odesa, building barricades, throwing petrol bombs, and firing automatic weapons at each other.<a href="#cite_note-KPOF-270">[270]</a> The anti-Maidan protesters were later overwhelmed by the much larger group of Ukrainian unity protesters, forcing them to retreat to and occupy the Trade Unions House.<a href="#cite_note-unian-271">[271]</a> From the building, militants on the roof shot at, tossed rocks and petrol bombs at the protesters below, who responded in kind with petrol bombs of their own.<a href="#cite_note-KPOF-270">[270]</a><a href="#cite_note-go52-272">[272]</a><a href="#cite_note-273">[273]</a> The building then caught fire.<a href="#cite_note-go52-272">[272]</a><a href="#cite_note-express-274">[274]</a> In total, 43 people died during the clashes.<a href="#cite_note-tsn-275">[275]</a> Thirty-one died whilst trapped in the burning Trade Unions House.<a href="#cite_note-dead-276">[276]</a> Police said at least three people were shot dead.<a href="#cite_note-dead-276">[276]</a><a href="#cite_note-timer-277">[277]</a> In the aftermath of the clashes, on 4 May, the main <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Internal_Affairs_(Ukraine)" title="Ministry of Internal Affairs (Ukraine)">Internal Affairs Ministry</a> office in Odesa was attacked by pro-Russian protesters.<a href="#cite_note-freedHQBBC-278">[278]</a> They demanded the release of their "comrades" who had participated in the clashes. The police complied, resulting in the freeing of 67 of those arrested.<a href="#cite_note-freedHQBBC-278">[278]</a> By 5 May, the situation in Odesa had calmed, though the atmosphere remained extremely tense.<a href="#cite_note-OSCEmonitor7-150">[150]</a> About sixty people gathered on Kulikovo Field to commemorate the 2 May fire on 13 July.<a href="#cite_note-OSCE157-279">[279]</a> The demonstration was peaceful. Another demonstration on the field on the same day drew about 120 people. They chanted "Donbas, we are with you", in reference to the ongoing <a href="/wiki/War_in_Donbas_(2014%E2%80%932022)" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Donbas (2014–2022)">War in Donbas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-OSCE157-279">[279]</a> Odesa city mayor <a href="/wiki/Hennadiy_Trukhanov" class="mw-redirect" title="Hennadiy Trukhanov">Hennadiy Trukhanov</a> told OSCE monitors on 23 July that the "underlying tensions" of the 2 May clashes remained in the city, and that he feared for the city's security.<a href="#cite_note-OSCE257-245">[245]</a> Odesa was struck by six bomb blasts in December 2014, one of which killed one person (the injuries sustained by the victim indicated that he had dealt with explosives).<a href="#cite_note-Bombing_Campaign_Dec14-280">[280]</a><a href="#cite_note-Shkiryak-281">[281]</a><a href="#cite_note-282">[282]</a> Internal Affairs Ministry advisor <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zorian_Shkiryak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zorian Shkiryak (page does not exist)">Zorian Shkiryak</a> said on 25 December that Odesa and Kharkiv had become "cities which are being used to escalate tensions" in Ukraine. Shkiryak said that he suspected that these cities were singled out because of their "geographic position".<a href="#cite_note-Shkiryak-281">[281]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Security_Service_of_Ukraine" title="Security Service of Ukraine">Security Service of Ukraine</a> claims that in April 2015 it prevented the proclamation of a so-called "<a href="/wiki/Bessarabia" title="Bessarabia">Bessarabian</a> People's Republic".<a href="#cite_note-10292343BPR-283">[283]</a> According to the security service the separatist network behind it also wanted to set up a "Odesa People's Republic", "Porto-Franko" and other breakaway entities.<a href="#cite_note-10292343BPR-283">[283]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Largest_protests_by_date_and_attendance">Largest protests by date and attendance</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Largest protests by date and attendance">edit</a>]</div> The charts below show the locations, dates, and attendance rate of pro-Russian protests in Ukraine, and also of pro-Ukrainian counter-protests. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pro-Russian_protests">Pro-Russian protests</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Pro-Russian protests">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable" style="margin: left"> <tbody><tr> <th>City </th> <th>Peak attendees </th> <th>Date </th> <th>References </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dnipropetrovsk" class="mw-redirect" title="Dnipropetrovsk">Dnipropetrovsk</a></td> <td>1,000–3,000</td> <td>1 Mar </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-284">[284]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Donetsk" title="Donetsk">Donetsk</a></td> <td>2,000–15,000</td> <td>6 Apr </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-285">[285]</a><a href="#cite_note-286">[286]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kerch" title="Kerch">Kerch</a></td> <td>200</td> <td>24 Feb </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-287">[287]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kharkiv" title="Kharkiv">Kharkiv</a></td> <td>10,000</td> <td>1 Mar, 17 Mar </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-288">[288]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kherson" title="Kherson">Kherson</a></td> <td>400</td> <td>2 Mar </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-news.liga.net-289">[289]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Luhansk" title="Luhansk">Luhansk</a></td> <td>10,000</td> <td>9 Mar </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-290">[290]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mariupol" title="Mariupol">Mariupol</a></td> <td>2,000–5,000</td> <td>1 Mar </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-291">[291]</a><a href="#cite_note-292">[292]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">unreliable source?</a>] </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mykolaiv" title="Mykolaiv">Mykolaiv</a></td> <td>1,000</td> <td>2 Mar </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-wave-293">[293]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Odesa" title="Odesa">Odesa</a></td> <td>5,000 (1 Mar),<a href="#cite_note-294">[294]</a><a href="#cite_note-295">[295]</a> 500<a href="#cite_note-296">[296]</a>–700<a href="#cite_note-297">[297]</a>–1,000<a href="#cite_note-298">[298]</a><a href="#cite_note-299">[299]</a> (3 Mar), 3,000 (30 Mar)<a href="#cite_note-300">[300]</a></td> <td>1 Mar, 3 Mar, 30 Mar </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Simferopol" title="Simferopol">Simferopol</a></td> <td>5,000</td> <td>26 Feb </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-301">[301]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a></td> <td>15,000<a href="#cite_note-302">[302]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">unreliable source?</a>]–25,000</td> <td>23 Feb </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-303">[303]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">unreliable source?</a>] </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Zaporizhzhia" title="Zaporizhzhia">Zaporizhzhia</a></td> <td>500–5,000+</td> <td>6 Apr </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-304">[304]</a><a href="#cite_note-wave-293">[293]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pro-Ukrainian_counter-protests">Pro-Ukrainian counter-protests</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Pro-Ukrainian counter-protests">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable" style="margin: left"> <tbody><tr> <th>Protests by region </th> <th>City </th> <th>Peak attendees </th> <th>Date </th> <th>References </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="20"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Ukraine_(pro-Ukraine_protests).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Map_of_Ukraine_%28pro-Ukraine_protests%29.svg/500px-Map_of_Ukraine_%28pro-Ukraine_protests%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="345" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Map_of_Ukraine_%28pro-Ukraine_protests%29.svg/750px-Map_of_Ukraine_%28pro-Ukraine_protests%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Map_of_Ukraine_%28pro-Ukraine_protests%29.svg/1000px-Map_of_Ukraine_%28pro-Ukraine_protests%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="380" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chernihiv" title="Chernihiv">Chernihiv</a></td> <td>2,000+</td> <td>2 Mar</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-glav2mar-305">[305]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dnipro" title="Dnipro">Dnipropetrovsk</a></td> <td>10,000</td> <td>2 Mar</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-306">[306]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Donetsk" title="Donetsk">Donetsk</a></td> <td>5,000–7,000</td> <td>17 Apr</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-5kdonetsk-307">[307]</a><a href="#cite_note-308">[308]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kharkiv" title="Kharkiv">Kharkiv</a></td> <td>7,000</td> <td>23 Apr</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-309">[309]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kherson" title="Kherson">Kherson</a></td> <td>300</td> <td>22 Mar</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-310">[310]</a><a href="#cite_note-311">[311]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kirovohrad" class="mw-redirect" title="Kirovohrad">Kirovohrad</a></td> <td>100</td> <td>9 Mar</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-312">[312]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kramatorsk" title="Kramatorsk">Kramatorsk</a></td> <td>200</td> <td>30 Mar</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-313">[313]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kramatorsk" title="Kramatorsk">Kramatorsk</a></td> <td>1,000</td> <td>17 Apr</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-314">[314]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kryvyi_Rih" title="Kryvyi Rih">Kryvyi Rih</a></td> <td>10,000+</td> <td>19 Apr</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-315">[315]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a></td> <td>8,000</td> <td>2 Mar</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-myk10k-316">[316]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Luhansk" title="Luhansk">Luhansk</a></td> <td>1,000</td> <td>13 Apr</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-317">[317]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mariupol" title="Mariupol">Mariupol</a></td> <td>1,000+</td> <td>23 Apr</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-318">[318]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mykolaiv" title="Mykolaiv">Mykolaiv</a></td> <td>5,000–10,000</td> <td>2 Mar</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-myk10k-316">[316]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Odesa" title="Odesa">Odesa</a></td> <td>10,000–15,000</td> <td>30 Mar</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-319">[319]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Poltava" title="Poltava">Poltava</a></td> <td>1,000+</td> <td>2 Mar</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-fraza.ua-320">[320]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a></td> <td>300+</td> <td>9 Mar</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-321">[321]</a><a href="#cite_note-322">[322]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Simferopol" title="Simferopol">Simferopol</a></td> <td>10,000</td> <td>26 Feb</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-323">[323]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sumy" title="Sumy">Sumy</a></td> <td>10,000+</td> <td>2 Mar</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-324">[324]</a><a href="#cite_note-fraza.ua-320">[320]</a><a href="#cite_note-glav2mar-305">[305]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Zaporizhzhia" title="Zaporizhzhia">Zaporizhzhia</a></td> <td>5,000+</td> <td>2 Mar</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-325">[325]</a><a href="#cite_note-326">[326]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Zhytomyr" title="Zhytomyr">Zhytomyr</a></td> <td>2,000</td> <td>2 Mar</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-glav2mar-305">[305]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5">Pro-Ukrainian protest sites: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style>  10,000+  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  5,000+  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  1,000+  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  500+  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  <500 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_proclaimed_breakaway_states">List of proclaimed breakaway states</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: List of proclaimed breakaway states">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Self-Proclaimed_Republics_in_Ukraine" title="List of Self-Proclaimed Republics in Ukraine">List of Self-Proclaimed Republics in Ukraine</a></div> Various breakaway states were proclaimed during the unrest. <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2014-05-09._%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_231.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/2014-05-09._%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_231.jpg/240px-2014-05-09._%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_231.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/2014-05-09._%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_231.jpg/360px-2014-05-09._%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_231.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/2014-05-09._%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_231.jpg/480px-2014-05-09._%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_231.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Rally of supporters of the Donetsk People's Republic on occasion of <a href="/wiki/Victory_Day_(9_May)" title="Victory Day (9 May)">Victory Day</a> held in <a href="/wiki/Donetsk" title="Donetsk">Donetsk</a>, 9 May 2014</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Extant">Extant</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Extant">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /> <a href="/wiki/Donetsk_People%27s_Republic" title="Donetsk People's Republic">Donetsk People's Republic</a> – Proclaimed by protestors on 7 April, with calls for Russia to send "peacekeepers" into Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-BBCtha-101">[101]</a> Gunmen from Russia seized the interior ministry headquarters and two other police stations in <a href="/wiki/Donetsk_Oblast" title="Donetsk Oblast">Donetsk Oblast</a>, occupying the transportation hub of <a href="/wiki/Sloviansk" title="Sloviansk">Sloviansk</a>, and starting a military conflict on 12 April.<a href="#cite_note-kpslov-120">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-327">[327]</a> Russian nationalists and Eurasianists gained control of the organization, and hastily organized an 11 May <a href="/wiki/2014_Donetsk_status_referendum" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 Donetsk status referendum">referendum</a> on independence.<a href="#cite_note-MTref-328">[328]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-327">[327]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Luhansk_People%27s_Republic" title="Luhansk People's Republic">Luhansk People's Republic</a> – The successor to the failed Luhansk Parliamentary Republic, proclaimed on 27 April.<a href="#cite_note-itarfedlu-198">[198]</a> Activists occupied the SBU building in <a href="/wiki/Luhansk" title="Luhansk">Luhansk</a> from 8 April, and gained control of the city council, prosecutor's office, and police station by 27 April.<a href="#cite_note-BBCLPRRSA-202">[202]</a> The regional administration announced its support for a referendum, and granted the governorship to separatist leader <a href="/wiki/Valeriy_Bolotov" class="mw-redirect" title="Valeriy Bolotov">Valeriy Bolotov</a>.<a href="#cite_note-kyivpost-329">[329]</a> Like Donetsk, a <a href="/wiki/2014_Luhansk_status_referendum" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 Luhansk status referendum">referendum</a> on the status of the region took place on 11 May.<a href="#cite_note-330">[330]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Crimea_(Russia)" title="Republic of Crimea (Russia)"><img alt="Republic of Crimea (Russia)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Flag_of_Crimea_%28Latest_version%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Crimea_%28Latest_version%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Flag_of_Crimea_%28Latest_version%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Crimea_%28Latest_version%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Flag_of_Crimea_%28Latest_version%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Crimea_%28Latest_version%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation#Proclamations_of_independence_of_the_Republic_of_Crimea" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">Republic of Crimea</a> – Proclaimed on 16 March.<a href="#cite_note-331">[331]</a> After <a href="/wiki/2014_Crimean_status_referendum" title="2014 Crimean status referendum">a disputed referendum</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Crimea" title="Political status of Crimea">political status of Crimea</a> held on 16 March 2014, the <a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">Russian Federation annexed</a> the Republic and split it back into the <a href="/wiki/Federal_cities_of_Russia" title="Federal cities of Russia">federal city</a> of Sevastopol and the <a href="/wiki/Republics_of_Russia" title="Republics of Russia">federal subject</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Crimea_(Russia)" title="Republic of Crimea (Russia)">Republic of Crimea</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">original research</a>].</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Failed_proposals">Failed proposals</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Failed proposals">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_the_Kharkov_People%27s_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Kharkov_People%27s_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_the_Kharkov_People%27s_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Kharkov_People%27s_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_the_Kharkov_People%27s_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Kharkov_People%27s_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Kharkov People's Republic – The Kharkiv People's Republic was proclaimed on 7 April by a small group of pro-Russian separatists occupying the RSA building with <a href="/wiki/Yevhen_Zhylin" title="Yevhen Zhylin">Yevhen Zhylin</a> as President.<a href="#cite_note-KRR2-232">[232]</a> However, later that day, Ukrainian special forces retook the building, thereby ending the control the protesters had had over the building.<a href="#cite_note-KRR2-232">[232]</a></li> <li>Odessa People's Republic – This republic was declared by an internet group on "<a href="/wiki/Anti-Maidan" title="Anti-Maidan">Antimaidan</a>" website on 16 April, but local Antimaidan protesters said they had not made such a declaration.<a href="#cite_note-332">[332]</a><a href="#cite_note-333">[333]</a> Unlike in Kharkiv, Donetsk, and Luhansk, pro-Russian protesters in Odesa said they wanted Odesa to be an autonomous region within Ukraine, rather than to join Russia.<a href="#cite_note-OSCEmonitor20-194">[194]</a> On 28 October, the SBU said they had foiled a plot to create a People's Republic in the region. They found a munitions cache, and arrested members of an alleged separatist group. They also said that <a href="/wiki/GRU_(Russian_Federation)" title="GRU (Russian Federation)">Russian intelligence and security services</a> were behind the plot.<a href="#cite_note-334">[334]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/War_flag_of_Novorussia.svg/23px-War_flag_of_Novorussia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/War_flag_of_Novorussia.svg/35px-War_flag_of_Novorussia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/War_flag_of_Novorussia.svg/45px-War_flag_of_Novorussia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Novorossiya_(confederation)" title="Novorossiya (confederation)">Novorossiya</a> – As of February 2015, the status of Novorossiya was unclear. Former DPR prime minister Alexander Borodai said on 1 January 2015 that "there is no Novorossiya", and that the proposed confederation was a "dream that was not brought to life".<a href="#cite_note-335">[335]</a><a href="#cite_note-336">[336]</a> However, the Parliament of Novorossiya, chaired by <a href="/wiki/Oleg_Tsarov" class="mw-redirect" title="Oleg Tsarov">Oleg Tsarov</a>, continued to function as an office for political advancement,<a href="#cite_note-337">[337]</a> and was involved in the coordination of humanitarian assistance on 2 February 2015.<a href="#cite_note-338">[338]</a> The armed forces of the two People's Republics were combined in the <a href="/wiki/United_Armed_Forces_of_Novorossiya" class="mw-redirect" title="United Armed Forces of Novorossiya">United Armed Forces of Novorossiya</a>,<a href="#cite_note-339">[339]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Novorossiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag of Novorossiya">war flag of Novorossiya</a> (<a href="/wiki/Novorossiya_(confederation)" title="Novorossiya (confederation)"><img alt="Novorossiya (confederation)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/War_Flag_of_Novorussia_%28Variant%29.svg/23px-War_Flag_of_Novorussia_%28Variant%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/War_Flag_of_Novorussia_%28Variant%29.svg/35px-War_Flag_of_Novorussia_%28Variant%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/War_Flag_of_Novorussia_%28Variant%29.svg/45px-War_Flag_of_Novorussia_%28Variant%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a>) remained in widespread usage. On 20 May 2015, the separatist leaders announced the termination of the confederation "project".<a href="#cite_note-utenrp-340">[340]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_response">International response</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: International response">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For reactions specific to the secession crisis in Crimea, see <a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="International reactions to the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">International reactions to the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For reactions specific to the war in Donbas region, see <a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_war_in_Donbas" title="International reactions to the war in Donbas">International reactions to the war in Donbas</a>.</div> Various international entities warned all sides to reduce tensions in Eastern and Southern Ukraine. <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> – In late March, Armenian president <a href="/wiki/Serj_Sargsyan" class="mw-redirect" title="Serj Sargsyan">Serj Sargsyan</a> and Russian president Vladimir Putin held a phone conversation where both men stated that the Crimean referendum constituted a case of people exercising their right to self-determination via the free expression of will. At the same time, the presidents highlighted the importance of commitment to the norms and principles of international law, especially the <a href="/wiki/UN_Charter" class="mw-redirect" title="UN Charter">UN Charter</a>.<a href="#cite_note-341">[341]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="256" /> <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> – On 2 March, Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Tony_Abbott" title="Tony Abbott">Tony Abbott</a> said that Russia's actions in Ukraine were "not the kind ... of a friend and neighbour and I think Russia should back off".<a href="#cite_note-342">[342]</a> The Prime Minister told the Australian House of Representatives on 3 March that "Russia should back off, it should withdraw its forces from Ukraine and people of Ukraine ought to be able to determine their future themselves" with the Australian Government cancelling a planned visit to Russia by the Trade Minister <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Robb" title="Andrew Robb">Andrew Robb</a>.<a href="#cite_note-343">[343]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> – On 28 Feb, <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Minister_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign Minister of Canada">Foreign Minister</a> Baird "emphasized the need to honour the 1994 Budapest Declaration's commitment to Ukraine's territorial sovereignty and national unity."<a href="#cite_note-344">[344]</a> On a 1 March phone call, President Obama and Prime Minister Harper "affirmed the importance of unity within the international community in support of international law, and the future of Ukraine and its democracy."<a href="#cite_note-345">[345]</a> Harper condemned Russia's military intervention in Ukraine; he announced that Canada had both recalled its ambassador to Russia and withdrawn from the <a href="/wiki/40th_G8_summit" class="mw-redirect" title="40th G8 summit">40th G8 summit</a>, which was to be chaired by Russia.<a href="#cite_note-cbcc-346">[346]</a> On March 3, the House of Commons passed a unanimous motion condemning Russia's intervention in Crimea.<a href="#cite_note-347">[347]</a> Harper called Russia's actions an "invasion and occupation" and Baird compared them to <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany%27s_occupation_of_the_Sudetenland" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi Germany's occupation of the Sudetenland">Nazi Germany's occupation of the Sudetenland</a> in 1938.<a href="#cite_note-348">[348]</a> Canada suspended all military cooperation with Russia, and<a href="#cite_note-349">[349]</a><a href="#cite_note-350">[350]</a> asked Russian military servicemen (at least nine) to leave its territory in 24 hours.<a href="#cite_note-351">[351]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> – China said "We respect the independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity of Ukraine". A spokesman restated China's belief of non-interference in the internal affairs of other states and urged dialogue.<a href="#cite_note-ibtbacchi1-352">[352]</a><a href="#cite_note-ibtbacchi2-353">[353]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /> <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> – On 1 March, <a href="/wiki/High_Representative_of_the_Union_for_Foreign_Affairs_and_Security_Policy" title="High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy">High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy</a> <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Ashton" title="Catherine Ashton">Catherine Ashton</a> stated that the EU "deplores" what it called Russia's decision to use military action in Ukraine, describing it as an "unwarranted escalation of tensions." She called on "all sides to decrease the tensions immediately through dialogue, in full respect of Ukrainian and international law." She added that: "The unity, sovereignty and territorial integrity of Ukraine must be respected at all times and by all sides. Any violation of these principles is unacceptable. More than ever, restraint and sense of responsibility are needed."<a href="#cite_note-354">[354]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> – In response to the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sloviansk#International_military_observers_detained" title="Siege of Sloviansk">detention</a> of the German-led international military verification mission, <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Minister_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign Minister of Germany">Foreign Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Frank-Walter_Steinmeier" title="Frank-Walter Steinmeier">Frank-Walter Steinmeier</a> stated "The public parading of the OSCE observers and Ukrainian security forces as prisoners is revolting and blatantly hurts the dignity of the victims".<a href="#cite_note-observerfreed-355">[355]</a><a href="#cite_note-356">[356]</a> Steinmeier also said: "Only when the guns fall silent, only on the basis of a robust <a href="/wiki/Ceasefire" title="Ceasefire">ceasefire</a>, are negotiations on resolving the crisis imaginable."<a href="#cite_note-BBCceasefire-357">[357]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> – In the context of the unrest, Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Orb%C3%A1n" title="Viktor Orbán">Viktor Orbán</a> said that <a href="/wiki/Hungarians_in_Ukraine" title="Hungarians in Ukraine">ethnic Hungarians</a> living in western Ukraine "must be granted dual citizenship, must enjoy all of the community rights and must be granted the opportunity for autonomy".<a href="#cite_note-358">[358]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> – <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Advisor_(India)" title="National Security Advisor (India)">National Security Advisor</a> <a href="/wiki/Shivshankar_Menon" title="Shivshankar Menon">Shivshankar Menon</a> of <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> stated that Russia has legitimate interests in Crimea and called for "sustained diplomatic efforts" and "constructive dialogue" to resolve the crisis.<a href="#cite_note-359">[359]</a> However, the National Security Advisor is not a part of the Cabinet of India and, as such, Menon's statement was not an official statement issued by the government of India.<a href="#cite_note-360">[360]</a> India subsequently made it clear that it will not support any "unilateral measures" against Russian government. "India has never supported unilateral sanctions against any country. Therefore, we will also not support any unilateral measures by a country or a group of countries against Russia."<a href="#cite_note-361">[361]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2014-03-09._%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_005.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/2014-03-09._%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_005.jpg/220px-2014-03-09._%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_005.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/2014-03-09._%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_005.jpg/330px-2014-03-09._%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_005.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/2014-03-09._%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_005.jpg/440px-2014-03-09._%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_005.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Against NATO involvement in Ukraine. Donetsk, 9 March 2014</figcaption></figure></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> – Italian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Matteo_Renzi" title="Matteo Renzi">Matteo Renzi</a> accused Putin of having committed "an unacceptable violation".<a href="#cite_note-362">[362]</a><a href="#cite_note-363">[363]</a> On 19 March, during a speech in the <a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Italy)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Italy)">Chamber of Deputies</a>, Renzi stated that the <a href="/wiki/2014_Crimean_status_referendum" title="2014 Crimean status referendum">Crimean status referendum</a> was illegal and that the <a href="/wiki/G8" title="G8">G8 countries</a> must start cooperating to solve the crisis and prevent a return to the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-364">[364]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_NATO.svg/20px-Flag_of_NATO.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_NATO.svg/31px-Flag_of_NATO.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_NATO.svg/40px-Flag_of_NATO.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /> <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">North Atlantic Treaty Organization</a> – On 2 March, <a href="/wiki/NATO_Secretary_General" class="mw-redirect" title="NATO Secretary General">Secretary General</a> <a href="/wiki/Anders_Fogh_Rasmussen" title="Anders Fogh Rasmussen">Anders Fogh Rasmussen</a> convened the <a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic_Council" title="North Atlantic Council">North Atlantic Council</a> due to what it called Russia's military action and President <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a>'s alleged threats against Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-nato-365">[365]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe" title="Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe">Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe</a> – OSCE chairman-in-Office <a href="/wiki/Didier_Burkhalter" title="Didier Burkhalter">Didier Burkhalter</a> condemned the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sloviansk#International_military_observers_detained" title="Siege of Sloviansk">detention of military inspectors from OSCE participating states in Sloviansk</a>, and requested that they be released.<a href="#cite_note-OSCEstatement-366">[366]</a> Burkhalter emphasized that the detention of the unarmed military inspectors was "unacceptable and that the safety of all international observers in the country must be guaranteed and ensured".<a href="#cite_note-OSCEstatement-366">[366]</a> This incident, he said, "goes against the spirit of the recent <a href="/wiki/Geneva_Statement_on_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Geneva Statement on Ukraine">Geneva Statement</a> agreed upon by Ukraine, the Russian Federation, the United States and the European Union aiming at de-escalating the situation and leading the way out of the challenging situation".<a href="#cite_note-OSCEstatement-366">[366]</a> Burkhalter asked for involved parties "to resolve the crisis in Ukraine through inclusive dialogue".<a href="#cite_note-OSCEstatement-366">[366]</a> In response to escalation across Ukraine on 2 May, OSCE Chief Monitor Ertugrul Apakan called for "all sides to exercise maximum restraint and to avoid bloodshed and solve their differences peacefully".<a href="#cite_note-endviolence-367">[367]</a> Apakan said "There is a need for de-escalation...the Special Monitoring Mission is here to promote this objective. We are here for the people of Ukraine".<a href="#cite_note-endviolence-367">[367]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> – Defence Minister <a href="/wiki/Tomasz_Siemoniak" title="Tomasz Siemoniak">Tomasz Siemoniak</a> said that the events in Ukraine "have the features of a situation of war".<a href="#cite_note-368">[368]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> – A harsh exchange of words between officials in <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a> erupted in the context of Ukrainian crisis. <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Rogozin" title="Dmitry Rogozin">Dmitry Rogozin</a>, Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Government and one of the senior Russian officials sanctioned by the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, stated on a social networking website that "upon the U.S. request, Romania has closed its airspace for my plane. Ukraine doesn't allow me to pass through again. Next time I'll fly on board <a href="/wiki/TU-160" class="mw-redirect" title="TU-160">TU-160</a>".<a href="#cite_note-369">[369]</a> Rogozin's statements have irritated the authorities in Bucharest that catalogued them as a threat.<a href="#cite_note-370">[370]</a><a href="#cite_note-371">[371]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anti-War_protest,_Odessa_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Anti-War_protest%2C_Odessa_02.jpg/220px-Anti-War_protest%2C_Odessa_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Anti-War_protest%2C_Odessa_02.jpg/330px-Anti-War_protest%2C_Odessa_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Anti-War_protest%2C_Odessa_02.jpg/440px-Anti-War_protest%2C_Odessa_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3240" data-file-height="4320" /></a><figcaption>Protester against the Russian government holding an image portraying Vladimir Putin and Dmitri Medvedev as Nazis with a swastika made of colours of the Ribbon of Saint George and a Russian coat of arms in the centre, Odesa</figcaption></figure></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russian Federation</a> – The Russian Foreign Ministry stated in an 8 April 2014 statement on its official website "We are calling for the immediate cessation of any military preparations, which could lead to civil war".<a href="#cite_note-RFMS8414-372">[372]</a> The ministry alleged that what it called "American experts from the private military organization <a href="/wiki/Blackwater_USA_businesses#Greystone_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Blackwater USA businesses">Greystone</a>" disguised as soldiers, as well as militants from the Ukrainian far-right group <a href="/wiki/Right_Sector" title="Right Sector">Right Sector</a>, had joined Ukrainian forces preparing for the crackdown in eastern Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-RFMS8414-372">[372]</a> In a 7 April <a href="/wiki/Opinion_piece" title="Opinion piece">opinion piece</a> in <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>, Russian foreign minister Sergei Lavrov wrote it was the EU and US, and not Russia, that was guilty of destabilizing Ukraine ("the EU and US have been trying to compel Ukraine to make a painful choice between east and west, further aggravating internal differences") and that "Russia is doing all it can to promote early stabilisation in Ukraine".<a href="#cite_note-GopL74-373">[373]</a><a href="#cite_note-374">[374]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBCRMS8414-375">[375]</a> Russian president <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> did not send his regards to Ukrainian president <a href="/wiki/Petro_Poroshenko" title="Petro Poroshenko">Petro Poroshenko</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_of_Ukraine" title="Independence Day of Ukraine">Independence Day of Ukraine</a> celebration on 24 August, despite the fact that Poroshenko had sent his regards to Putin for <a href="/wiki/Russia_Day" title="Russia Day">Russia Day</a> on 12 June. Putin also said: "What are the so-called European values? Maintaining the coup, the armed seizure of power and the suppression of dissent with the help of the armed forces?"<a href="#cite_note-376">[376]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> – Acting President <a href="/wiki/Olexander_Turchynov" class="mw-redirect" title="Olexander Turchynov">Olexander Turchynov</a> said on 30 April: "I would like to say frankly that at the moment the security structures are unable to swiftly take the situation in the Donetsk and Luhansk regions back under control", and that security forces "tasked with the protection of citizens" were "helpless".<a href="#cite_note-control-377">[377]</a> On 7 April an "anti-terrorist" operation against militants was started in <a href="/wiki/Luhansk_People%27s_Republic" title="Luhansk People's Republic">Luhansk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Donetsk_People%27s_Republic" title="Donetsk People's Republic">Donetsk</a> self-proclaimed republics.<a href="#cite_note-vesti2-378">[378]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> – In response to the Russian government's declared outrage over a Ukrainian counter-offensive on <a href="/wiki/Sloviansk" title="Sloviansk">Sloviansk</a>, British Ambassador to the United Nations Sir <a href="/wiki/Mark_Lyall_Grant" title="Mark Lyall Grant">Mark Lyall Grant</a> said "The scale of Russian hypocrisy is breathtaking...Russia's synthetic indignation over Ukraine's proportionate and measured actions convinces no one".<a href="#cite_note-379">[379]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> – UN Secretary-General <a href="/wiki/Ban_Ki-moon" title="Ban Ki-moon">Ban Ki-moon</a> condemned the violence that occurred in Eastern Ukraine over the weekend of 14–16 March and urged all parties "to refrain from violence and to commit themselves to de-escalation and inclusive national dialogue in the pursuit of a political and diplomatic solution."<a href="#cite_note-380">[380]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> – US Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a> stated (on 7 April 2014) that he thought the conflict in Kharkiv, Donetsk, Luhansk, and Mariupol was a carefully orchestrated campaign with Russian support.<a href="#cite_note-bbc3-381">[381]</a><a href="#cite_note-382">[382]</a> Assistant US Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Nuland" title="Victoria Nuland">Victoria Nuland</a> said that the United States had no doubt that Russians were behind the takeovers of government buildings in eastern Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-383">[383]</a> <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_R._Pyatt" title="Geoffrey R. Pyatt">Geoffrey R. Pyatt</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to Ukraine">United States Ambassador to Ukraine</a>, characterized the militants as terrorists.<a href="#cite_note-384">[384]</a> On 30 April, John Kerry stated that <a href="/wiki/Phone_tap" class="mw-redirect" title="Phone tap">phone tap</a> evidence proved that the <a href="/wiki/Kremlin" title="Kremlin">Kremlin</a> was directing pro-Russian protests in the region.<a href="#cite_note-Australian_30-04-385">[385]</a> On Monday, 7 July, the governments of the United States and France urged Russian president Vladimir Putin to put pressure on pro-Russian insurgents in Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts, and to hold dialogue to reach a ceasefire with the Ukrainian government</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sanctions">Sanctions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Sanctions">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Dollar_-_Russian_Ruble_Exchange_Rate.webp" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/US_Dollar_-_Russian_Ruble_Exchange_Rate.webp/220px-US_Dollar_-_Russian_Ruble_Exchange_Rate.webp.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/US_Dollar_-_Russian_Ruble_Exchange_Rate.webp/330px-US_Dollar_-_Russian_Ruble_Exchange_Rate.webp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/US_Dollar_-_Russian_Ruble_Exchange_Rate.webp/440px-US_Dollar_-_Russian_Ruble_Exchange_Rate.webp.png 2x" data-file-width="3991" data-file-height="1014" /></a><figcaption>US Dollar / Russian Ruble Exchange Rate 2001-2022 The <a href="/wiki/Russian_ruble" title="Russian ruble">Russian ruble</a> lost a lot of value vs the <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">USD</a> during the conflict</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="International sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian War">International sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian War</a></div> During the course of the unrest, the United States, followed by the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, began to <a href="/wiki/Economic_sanctions" title="Economic sanctions">sanction</a> Russian individuals and companies that they said were related to the crisis.<a href="#cite_note-CBCsanc-386">[386]</a><a href="#cite_note-387">[387]</a><a href="#cite_note-tass-388">[388]</a><a href="#cite_note-389">[389]</a><a href="#cite_note-gov-390">[390]</a><a href="#cite_note-391">[391]</a> Announcing the first sanctions, the United States described some individuals targeted by sanctions, among them former Ukrainian president Yanukovych, as "threatening the peace, security, stability, sovereignty, or territorial integrity of Ukraine, and for undermining Ukraine's democratic institutions and processes".<a href="#cite_note-gov-390">[390]</a> The Russian government responded in kind with sanctions against some American and Canadian individuals.<a href="#cite_note-tass-388">[388]</a> With the unrest continuing to escalate, the European Union and Canada imposed further sanctions in mid-May.<a href="#cite_note-392">[392]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geneva_Statement_on_Ukraine">Geneva Statement on Ukraine</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Geneva Statement on Ukraine">edit</a>]</div> On 10 April, <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> agreed to hold a 17 April quadrilateral meeting in <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a> to try to negotiate an end to the crisis in Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-393">[393]</a> The meeting produced a document, called the Geneva Statement on Ukraine, which stated that all sides agreed that steps should be taken to "de-escalate" the crisis.<a href="#cite_note-genevastatement-394">[394]</a><a href="#cite_note-DEPRuBBC-395">[395]</a> All four parties agreed that all "illegal military formations in Ukraine" must be dissolved, and that everyone occupying buildings must be disarmed and leave but that there would be an amnesty for all anti-government protesters under the agreement.<a href="#cite_note-DEPRuBBC-395">[395]</a> These steps will be overseen by monitors from the <a href="/wiki/Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe" title="Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe">Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe</a> (OSCE).<a href="#cite_note-DEPRuBBC-395">[395]</a> The sides also agreed that the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Ukraine" title="Constitution of Ukraine">Constitution of Ukraine</a> is also to be revised in a process that is "inclusive, transparent and accountable".<a href="#cite_note-DEPRuTG-396">[396]</a> The agreement put on hold additional economic sanctions against Russia by the United States and the European Union.<a href="#cite_note-DEPRuTG-396">[396]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_unity_talks">National unity talks</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: National unity talks">edit</a>]</div> As part of an OSCE initiative to solving the crisis in Ukraine, national unity talks were held in Kyiv, starting from 14 May.<a href="#cite_note-BBCtalk-397">[397]</a> Separatists from Donetsk and Luhansk were not represented, as the Ukrainian government said that "those armed people who are trying to wage a war on their own country, those who are with arms in their hands trying to dictate their will, or rather the will of another country, we will use legal procedures against them and they will face justice". The OSCE said that Russian president <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> supported its initiative. Concurrently, Russian Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Lavrov" class="mw-redirect" title="Sergei Lavrov">Sergei Lavrov</a> said that the separatists should be included in the talks.<a href="#cite_note-BBCtalk-397">[397]</a> Separatists from Kharkiv were indeed invited to attend, but they refused to participate.<a href="#cite_note-KITAR18514-398">[398]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fifteen-point_peace_plan">Fifteen-point peace plan</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Fifteen-point peace plan">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EuroMaidan_Paris_n%C2%B032.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/EuroMaidan_Paris_n%C2%B032.JPG/220px-EuroMaidan_Paris_n%C2%B032.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/EuroMaidan_Paris_n%C2%B032.JPG/330px-EuroMaidan_Paris_n%C2%B032.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/EuroMaidan_Paris_n%C2%B032.JPG/440px-EuroMaidan_Paris_n%C2%B032.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Demonstrators for peace in Ukraine, in Paris.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Trilateral_Contact_Group_on_Ukraine" title="Trilateral Contact Group on Ukraine">Trilateral Contact Group on Ukraine</a></div> Ukrainian president <a href="/wiki/Petro_Poroshenko" title="Petro Poroshenko">Petro Poroshenko</a> announced a fifteen-point plan for peace on 20 June.<a href="#cite_note-KPpp-399">[399]</a> The plan called for a week-long ceasefire, starting on 20 June, for the separatists to vacate the buildings they've occupied, for decentralization of power from the central government in Kyiv, and for the protection of Russian-language rights. The full text of the fifteen points are as follows:<a href="#cite_note-FPopu-400">[400]</a> <ol><li>Security guarantees for all the participants of negotiations.</li> <li>Amnesty for those who laid down weapons and didn't commit serious crimes.</li> <li>Liberation of hostages.</li> <li>Establishment of a <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>10-kilometre (6+1⁄4 mi) long buffer zone on the Ukrainian-Russian border. Withdrawal of illegal armed formations.</li> <li>Secure corridor for the escape of Russian and Ukrainian mercenaries.</li> <li>Disarmament.</li> <li>Establishment of units for joint patrolling in the structure of the MIA.</li> <li>Liberation of illegally seized administrative premises in Donetsk and Luhansk regions.</li> <li>Restoration of functioning of local government.</li> <li>Restoration of central television and radio broadcasting in Donetsk and Luhansk regions. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Antiwar_Democratic_March_in_St._Petersburg_on_1_May_2014_(100_3493).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Antiwar_Democratic_March_in_St._Petersburg_on_1_May_2014_%28100_3493%29.JPG/220px-Antiwar_Democratic_March_in_St._Petersburg_on_1_May_2014_%28100_3493%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Antiwar_Democratic_March_in_St._Petersburg_on_1_May_2014_%28100_3493%29.JPG/330px-Antiwar_Democratic_March_in_St._Petersburg_on_1_May_2014_%28100_3493%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Antiwar_Democratic_March_in_St._Petersburg_on_1_May_2014_%28100_3493%29.JPG/440px-Antiwar_Democratic_March_in_St._Petersburg_on_1_May_2014_%28100_3493%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="3216" /></a><figcaption>Anti-war demonstration in <a href="/wiki/St._Petersburg" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Petersburg">St. Petersburg</a>, 1 May 2014</figcaption></figure></li> <li>Decentralization of power (through the election of executive committees, protection of Russian language; draft amendments to the Constitution).</li> <li>Coordination of governors with representatives of the Donbas before the elections</li> <li>Early local and parliamentary elections.</li> <li>Program of creating jobs in the region.</li> <li>Restoration of industrial objects and objects of social infrastructure.</li></ol> Russian president <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> offered some support for the plan, but called for Poroshenko to bring the separatists into negotiations.<a href="#cite_note-rtppp-401">[401]</a> Russian Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Lavrov" class="mw-redirect" title="Sergei Lavrov">Sergei Lavrov</a> said that Poroshenko's peace plan "look like an <a href="/wiki/Ultimatum" title="Ultimatum">ultimatum</a>."<a href="#cite_note-402">[402]</a> Poroshenko previously refused to enter into negotiations with armed separatists.<a href="#cite_note-enpp-403">[403]</a> <a href="/wiki/OSCE" class="mw-redirect" title="OSCE">OSCE</a> monitors with the Special Monitoring Mission in Ukraine met with a representative of the Donetsk People's Republic on 21 June to discuss the peace plan.<a href="#cite_note-OSCE622-241">[241]</a> The representative said that the Republic would reject the ceasefire, and said that the primary demands of the government of the Donetsk People's Republic were "withdrawal of Ukrainian forces from Donbas", and recognition of the Republic. However, after initial peace talks between the separatists, Ukrainian and Russian officials, and the OSCE in Donetsk on 23 June, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Borodai" title="Alexander Borodai">Alexander Borodai</a>, prime minister of the <a href="/wiki/Donetsk_People%27s_Republic" title="Donetsk People's Republic">Donetsk People's Republic</a>, said that his forces would hold to the ceasefire.<a href="#cite_note-BBCppad-404">[404]</a> Soon after this statement, separatists in <a href="/wiki/Sloviansk" title="Sloviansk">Sloviansk</a> shot down a Ukrainian Armed Forces <a href="/wiki/Mil_Mi-8" title="Mil Mi-8">Mi-8 helicopter</a>, killing all those on board.<a href="#cite_note-BBCcff-405">[405]</a> The next day, the Office of the President of Ukraine issued a statement that said that the ceasefire had been violated by the insurgents at least thirty-five times. President Poroshenko also said that he was considering ending the ceasefire, and Borodai said that "there has been no ceasefire".<a href="#cite_note-BBCcff-405">[405]</a> Despite this, Poroshenko extended the ceasefire by three days from its planned ending on 27 June.<a href="#cite_note-BBCtrice-174">[174]</a> In response to this action, protesters in Kyiv took the streets in large numbers to demand that the ceasefire be cancelled. The ceasefire had little actual impact on clashes between government and separatist forces, with at least five government soldiers killed during the ceasefire.<a href="#cite_note-BBCtrice-174">[174]</a> By July, the peace plan had fallen by the wayside and Poroshenko ended ceasefire after both sides accused each other of repeated violations.<a href="#cite_note-BBCceasefire-357">[357]</a> After a rocket attack that killed nineteen Ukrainian troops, Poroshenko vowed to take revenge on the separatists: "Militants will pay hundreds of their lives for each life of our servicemen. Not a single terrorist will avoid responsibility."<a href="#cite_note-406">[406]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Participants">Participants</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Participants">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Prose plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Prose" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section is in <a href="/wiki/MOS:LIST" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:LIST">list</a> format but may read better as <a href="/wiki/MOS:PROSE" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:PROSE">prose</a>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine&action=edit">converting this section</a>, if appropriate. <a href="/wiki/Help:Editing" title="Help:Editing">Editing help</a> is available. (December 2014)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Activists_and_Russian_security_personnel">Activists and Russian security personnel</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Activists and Russian security personnel">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_rally_in_support_of_Novorossiya_in_Moscow_on_June_11,_2014_(12).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/A_rally_in_support_of_Novorossiya_in_Moscow_on_June_11%2C_2014_%2812%29.jpg/220px-A_rally_in_support_of_Novorossiya_in_Moscow_on_June_11%2C_2014_%2812%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/A_rally_in_support_of_Novorossiya_in_Moscow_on_June_11%2C_2014_%2812%29.jpg/330px-A_rally_in_support_of_Novorossiya_in_Moscow_on_June_11%2C_2014_%2812%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/A_rally_in_support_of_Novorossiya_in_Moscow_on_June_11%2C_2014_%2812%29.jpg/440px-A_rally_in_support_of_Novorossiya_in_Moscow_on_June_11%2C_2014_%2812%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>A rally in support of pro-Russian unrest in the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Ukraine" title="Eastern Ukraine">eastern Ukraine</a>, Moscow, 11 June 2014 </figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Girkin" title="Igor Girkin">Igor Girkin</a> (Russian security officer, leader of the armed group of Russian soldiers seizing Slavyansk)<a href="#cite_note-407">[407]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavel_Gubarev" title="Pavel Gubarev">Pavel Gubarev</a> (self-proclaimed 'People's Governor' of Donetsk)<a href="#cite_note-408">[408]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Donya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Donya (page does not exist)">Robert Donya</a> (self-proclaimed deputy 'People's Governor' of Donesk)<a href="#cite_note-409">[409]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Chumachenko" title="Mikhail Chumachenko">Mikhail Chumachenko</a> (leader of the self-styled 'Donbas People's Militia')<a href="#cite_note-410">[410]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dmitry_Kuzmenko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dmitry Kuzmenko (page does not exist)">Dmitry Kuzmenko</a> (self-proclaimed 'People's Mayor' of Mariupol)<a href="#cite_note-411">[411]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">unreliable source?</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anton_Davidchenko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anton Davidchenko (page does not exist)">Anton Davidchenko</a> (leader of Odesa protest until March)<a href="#cite_note-412">[412]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Kharitonov_(politician)" title="Aleksandr Kharitonov (politician)">Aleksandr Kharitonov</a> (leader of 'Luhansk Guard' organization)<a href="#cite_note-413">[413]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsen_Klinchaev" title="Arsen Klinchaev">Arsen Klinchaev</a> (member of the <a href="/wiki/Party_of_Regions" title="Party of Regions">Party of Regions</a>, leader of separatists in <a href="/wiki/Luhansk" title="Luhansk">Luhansk</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yuri_Apukhtin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yuri Apukhtin (page does not exist)">Yuri Apukhtin</a> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurij_Apuchtin" class="extiw" title="pl:Jurij Apuchtin">pl</a>] (leader of the banned 'South-East' organization; Apukhtin is in detention and his trail started late May 2015 in <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv" title="Kharkiv">Kharkiv</a>)<a href="#cite_note-414">[414]</a></li></ul> Former adviser to the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Russia" title="President of Russia">President of Russia</a> <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> and a senior fellow at the <a href="/wiki/Cato_Institute" title="Cato Institute">Cato Institute</a> in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_DC" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington, DC">Washington, DC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrey_Illarionov" title="Andrey Illarionov">Andrey Illarionov</a> estimates that at least 2,000 Russian intelligence officials were operating in eastern Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-415">[415]</a> Ukrainian intelligence claims that it had a dossier on more than forty Russian military intelligence, or GRU, operatives arrested so far on Ukrainian soil and the weapons and ammunition seized after being transported across the border from Russia. The file was said to describe the role of an alleged GRU colonel, Igor Ivanovich Strielkov, who had been involved in agitation in the east, including his attempts to suborn Ukrainian soldiers with offers of cash.<a href="#cite_note-416">[416]</a> The Ukrainian Security Service put out a wanted poster for Strielkov, accusing him of a series of charges, included premeditated murder and organizing mass riots.<a href="#cite_note-417">[417]</a> Russia insisted that the allegations were false, and that a Streilkov did not even exist or "at least not as a Russian operative sent to Ukraine with orders to stir up trouble".<a href="#cite_note-nytimes2-418">[418]</a> CNN presented a video from a large separatist rally held in a central Donetsk city square around lunchtime on 26 May. Lorries in the square carried armed <a href="/wiki/Chechen_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Chechen people">Chechen</a> paramilitaries. Two told a CNN team they were from the Chechen capital, <a href="/wiki/Grozny" title="Grozny">Grozny</a>, and one indicated that he was formerly a policeman in Chechnya and was in Donetsk to serve the Russian Federation.<a href="#cite_note-419">[419]</a><a href="#cite_note-420">[420]</a> Russian and Ukraininan media published numerous reports on bodies of separatists being transported secretly back to Russia, usually through <a href="/wiki/Uspenka" title="Uspenka">Uspenka</a>. A few names of the killed volunteers were established—Sergey Zhdanovich (Сергей Жданович), Yuri Abrosimov (Юрий Абросимов), Aleksey Yurin (Алексей Юрин), Alexandr Efremov (Александр Ефремов), Evgeny Korolenko (Евгений Короленко). The bodies were transported to a Russian military base in <a href="/wiki/Rostov-on-Don" title="Rostov-on-Don">Rostov-on-Don</a>. Some of the families were able to get the bodies secretly returned to them. Most of the killed had past military experience. According to the journalists Russian <a href="/wiki/Military_commissariat" title="Military commissariat">military commissariats</a> (voyenkomat) in Rostov were actively recruiting volunteers for Donbas among former soldiers, especially with specific skills (<a href="/wiki/Anti-tank_missile" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-tank missile">ATGM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Surface-to-air_missile" title="Surface-to-air missile">SAM</a>, <a href="/wiki/AGS-17" title="AGS-17">AGS-17</a>) and those who had previously served in <a href="/wiki/Chechen%E2%80%93Russian_conflict" title="Chechen–Russian conflict">Chechnya</a> and <a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(1978%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Afghanistan (1978–present)">Afghanistan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-421">[421]</a><a href="#cite_note-422">[422]</a> On 18 June <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Baer" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel Baer">Daniel Baer</a> (<a href="/wiki/OSCE" class="mw-redirect" title="OSCE">OSCE</a>) noted that "there continue to be fighters and arms coming across the border from Russia to Ukraine in recent days and weeks, and we don't see any efforts to turn it off by Russia".<a href="#cite_note-423">[423]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russian_citizens">Russian citizens</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Russian citizens">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Alexander_Dugin">Alexander Dugin</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Alexander Dugin">edit</a>]</div> On 29 March, Russian political scientist <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Dugin" title="Aleksandr Dugin">Aleksandr Dugin</a> appeared in a leaked Skype video conference with Kateryna Gubareva, the wife of Donetsk-based separatist Pavel Gubarev. In the call, he reassured her of Moscow's support and further actions that should be taken by the movement. He also stated all presidential nominees should be considered 'traitors' with only Yanukovych considered legitimate. He also said that separatists should "act in a radical way" and Moscow will later support civil war in Ukraine, saying "The Kremlin is determined to fight for the independence of South-east Ukraine."<a href="#cite_note-424">[424]</a><a href="#cite_note-425">[425]</a> Following the video's release, a member of Dugin's <a href="/wiki/Eurasian_Youth_Union" title="Eurasian Youth Union">Eurasian Youth Union</a> (Oleg Bakhtiyarov) was arrested on 31 March for planning terrorist acts in Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-kyivpost.com-40">[40]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pro-government_figures">Pro-government figures</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Pro-government figures">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maidan_meeting_2014_march_23_(2).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Maidan_meeting_2014_march_23_%282%29.JPG/220px-Maidan_meeting_2014_march_23_%282%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Maidan_meeting_2014_march_23_%282%29.JPG/330px-Maidan_meeting_2014_march_23_%282%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Maidan_meeting_2014_march_23_%282%29.JPG/440px-Maidan_meeting_2014_march_23_%282%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3766" data-file-height="2283" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Valentyn_Nalyvaichenko" title="Valentyn Nalyvaichenko">Valentyn Nalyvaichenko</a> (speaking), the head of the <a href="/wiki/Security_Service_of_Ukraine" title="Security Service of Ukraine">Security Service of Ukraine</a> (SBU), and <a href="/wiki/Andriy_Parubiy" title="Andriy Parubiy">Andriy Parubiy</a> (far left), 23 March 2014</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nadiya_Savchenko" title="Nadiya Savchenko">Nadiya Savchenko</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a>: Надія Савченко) is a Ukrainian ex-paratrooper, and a helicopter navigator, who was captured by the separatists as a member of <a href="/wiki/Aidar_Battalion" title="Aidar Battalion">Aydar battalion</a> (at that time a paramilitary formation of the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defense_(Ukraine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Defense (Ukraine)">Ministry of Defense</a>) near <a href="/wiki/Luhansk" title="Luhansk">Luhansk</a>. After being captured in June, the separatists published a video of her interrogation, and held her hostage. Savchenko was the subject of a number of articles in <a href="/wiki/Komsomolskaya_Pravda" title="Komsomolskaya Pravda">Komsomolskaya Pravda</a> by Nikolai Varsegov, who accused her of being a sniper and mass killer.<a href="#cite_note-426">[426]</a> In July, the Russian government officials said that Savchenko had "illegally crossed Russian border as <a href="/wiki/Refugee" title="Refugee">refugee</a>", was stopped by Russian police, and is faced with a trial for alleged assistance in the murder of two Russian journalists.<a href="#cite_note-427">[427]</a> Being finally allowed to see the Ukrainian consul, Savchenko said that she was transported to Russia against her will.<a href="#cite_note-428">[428]</a></li> <li>Ukraine's National Security and Defence Council chief <a href="/wiki/Andriy_Parubiy" title="Andriy Parubiy">Andriy Parubiy</a> oversaw the government military operation against pro-Russian separatists in eastern Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-429">[429]</a> As part of the <a href="/wiki/Budapest_Memorandum_on_Security_Assurances" class="mw-redirect" title="Budapest Memorandum on Security Assurances">Budapest memorandum</a> participant, Parubiy appealed for assistance from the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> as one of the signatories.<a href="#cite_note-430">[430]</a> He said: "The counterterrorist operation will go on regardless of any decisions by any subversive or terrorist groups in the Donetsk region."<a href="#cite_note-431">[431]</a> Parubiy also said: "The key tactic of Russian saboteurs is: Capture a building, station an armed garrison there and have a picket around, mostly Communists, who would provide a human shield."<a href="#cite_note-432">[432]</a> Parubiy resigned as National Security and Defence Council chief on 7 August 2014.<a href="#cite_note-Parubiy_steps_down-433">[433]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andriy_Biletsky_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Andriy Biletsky (politician)">Andriy Biletsky</a>, the head of <a href="/wiki/Social-National_Assembly" title="Social-National Assembly">Social-National Assembly</a> and <a href="/wiki/Patriots_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Patriots of Ukraine">Patriots of Ukraine</a> (perceived by some experts as the ultranationalist and neo-Nazi political groups),<a href="#cite_note-warrior_from_Sweden-434">[434]</a> is commander of the <a href="/wiki/Azov_Battalion" class="mw-redirect" title="Azov Battalion">Azov Battalion</a>.<a href="#cite_note-435">[435]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_foreign_participants">Other foreign participants</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Other foreign participants">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chechens" title="Chechens">Chechen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abkhaz_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Abkhaz people">Abkhaz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ossetian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Ossetian people">Ossetian</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cossack_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Cossack people">Cossack</a> paramilitaries have been active participants in <a href="/wiki/War_in_Donbas_(2014%E2%80%932022)#Foreign_groups" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Donbas (2014–2022)">the insurgency in Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NYTch-436">[436]</a><a href="#cite_note-RFE140713-437">[437]</a> Some <a href="/wiki/Chechen%E2%80%93Russian_conflict" title="Chechen–Russian conflict">Chechen opponents of Russian government</a> were fighting against pro-Russian separatists in Ukraine for the Ukrainian government.<a href="#cite_note-438">[438]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Security_Service_of_Ukraine" title="Security Service of Ukraine">Security Service of Ukraine</a> (SBU) released an audio recording on 5 May that they said was a phone call between a Donetsk separatist leader and the leader of the far-right paramilitary <a href="/wiki/Russian_National_Unity" title="Russian National Unity">Russian National Unity</a> group <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Barkashov" title="Alexander Barkashov">Alexander Barkashov</a>. In the recording, the separatist said he wanted to postpone the referendum, due to the DPR's inability to control all of Donetsk Oblast. Barkashov said that he had communicated with Putin, and insisted on holding the referendum regardless of the separatist leader's concerns. He instructed the separatists to tabulate the results as 89% in favour of autonomy.<a href="#cite_note-upwire-439">[439]</a> Separatists stated that the recording was fake.<a href="#cite_note-440">[440]</a></li> <li>In a meeting held on 7 July in Donetsk city, Russian politician <a href="/wiki/Sergey_Kurginyan" title="Sergey Kurginyan">Sergey Kurginyan</a> held a press conference with representatives of <a href="/wiki/Russian_separatist_forces_in_Donbas" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian separatist forces in Donbas">Donbas People's Militia</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Pavel_Gubarev" title="Pavel Gubarev">Pavel Gubarev</a>, and said that Russia did provide significant military support for the separatists. During a discussion among the participants, Gubarev complained that the arms that had been sent were old, and not fully functional. In response, Kurginyan listed specific items, including 12,000 automatic rifles, grenade launchers, <a href="/wiki/2S9_Nona" title="2S9 Nona">2S9 Nona</a> self-propelled mortars, two <a href="/wiki/BMP_development" title="BMP development">BMPs</a>, and three tanks, that he knew had been supplied to the separatists by Russia. He also said he saw new, fully functional weapons unloaded at locations in <a href="/wiki/Donbas" title="Donbas">Donbas</a> which he would not "disclose as we are filmed by cameras". Kurginyan admitted that Russia had initially sent "4th category weapons", but since 3 June had supplied equipment that was fully functional. He also said one of his goals whilst in Donetsk was to ensure that military support from Russia was increased.<a href="#cite_note-441">[441]</a><a href="#cite_note-442">[442]</a><a href="#cite_note-443">[443]</a> He repeated the claims of constant flow of military support provided by "Russian community" into the conflict zone on 13 July.<a href="#cite_note-444">[444]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="OSCE_monitors">OSCE monitors</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: OSCE monitors">edit</a>]</div> Monitors from the <a href="/wiki/Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe" title="Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe">Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe</a> (OSCE) were sent to Ukraine after a request by the Ukrainian government, and an agreement between all member states of the OSCE, including Russia.<a href="#cite_note-OSCEdeploy-445">[445]</a> The Special Monitoring Mission (SMM) deployed on 6 April, and has remained in Ukraine to "contribute to reducing tensions and fostering peace, stability and security".<a href="#cite_note-OSCEdeploy-445">[445]</a> The SMM lost contact with four monitors in Donetsk Oblast on 26 May, and another four in Luhansk Oblast on 29 May.<a href="#cite_note-OSCE617-240">[240]</a> Both groups were held in captivity by separatists for a month, until being freed on 27 June and 28 June respectively.<a href="#cite_note-BBCfreed-446">[446]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Defectors">Defectors</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Defectors">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ukrainian_defectors_to_Russia">Ukrainian defectors to Russia</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Ukrainian defectors to Russia">edit</a>]</div> Throughout the conflict, there were reports of both police and military either deserting their posts or defecting to the separatists. <a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Turchynov" title="Oleksandr Turchynov">Oleksandr Turchynov</a> stated that numerous Ukrainian military and security personnel joined the separatists, alongside Ukrainian military equipment.<a href="#cite_note-theguardian3-447">[447]</a> A report by the Internal Affairs Ministry said that over 17,000 policemen had defected to insurgents in eastern Ukraine by 23 May.<a href="#cite_note-448">[448]</a><a href="#cite_note-tvn24-449">[449]</a><a href="#cite_note-wiadomosci-450">[450]</a><a href="#cite_note-rmf24-451">[451]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Russian_defectors_to_Ukraine">Russian defectors to Ukraine</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Russian defectors to Ukraine">edit</a>]</div> On 19 July, Ilya Bogdanov, a former Russian <a href="/wiki/FSB_(Russia)" class="mw-redirect" title="FSB (Russia)">FSB</a> lieutenant in <a href="/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok">Vladivostok</a>, defected to Ukraine claiming that he could not longer stand the lies used by Russia to stimulate the situation in Eastern Ukraine and Dagestan, where he served earlier.<a href="#cite_note-452">[452]</a> On 24 July, Russian army serviceman Andrej Balabanov asked for political asylum in Ukraine stating "I finally took a decision not to take part in this war and sided with Ukraine. This is my protest against Russia's political leaders".<a href="#cite_note-Balabanov-453">[453]</a> Balabanov claimed his unit had sent "military intelligence, <a href="/wiki/Main_Intelligence_Directorate_(Russia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Main Intelligence Directorate (Russia)">GRU</a>, experts and <a href="/wiki/Chechens" title="Chechens">Chechens</a>" into Ukraine to help the separatists.<a href="#cite_note-Balabanov-453">[453]</a> He went on to claim his unit had been "continuously <a href="/wiki/Brainwashing" title="Brainwashing">brainwashed</a> into believing they would be sent to Ukraine to save their <a href="/wiki/Russian_language_in_Ukraine" title="Russian language in Ukraine">Russian-speaking</a> <a href="/wiki/Russians_in_Ukraine" title="Russians in Ukraine">brothers</a>".<a href="#cite_note-Balabanov-453">[453]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arrests">Arrests</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Arrests">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>On 3 April 2014, one man was arrested and eight more were put under house arrest on suspicion of involvement in the riots in Donetsk on 13 March, which led to the murder of Dmitry Cherniavsky.<a href="#cite_note-454">[454]</a></li> <li>On 5 April, the SBU arrested a group of 15 people in Luhansk, along with 300 machine guns, one anti-tank grenade launcher, five pistols, petrol bombs and a large amount of smooth-bore guns and other weapons. "The group planned to seize power in Luhansk on April 10 by intimidating of civilians using weapons and explosives," the SBU press office told Interfax-Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-455">[455]</a></li> <li>In Kharkiv, <a href="/wiki/Anti-Maidan" title="Anti-Maidan">anti-Maidan</a> activist Ignat Kramskoy (nicknamed "Topaz") was placed under house arrest on 29 March for his alleged involvement in the <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2014_pro-Russian_conflict_in_Ukraine#1_March" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of the 2014 pro-Russian conflict in Ukraine">1 March raid on the Kharkiv Regional State Administration building</a>.<a href="#cite_note-456">[456]</a> On 7 April, he escaped house arrest after cutting off his monitoring bracelet,<a href="#cite_note-457">[457]</a> and later gave interviews to the Russian channel state <a href="/wiki/LifeNews" class="mw-redirect" title="LifeNews">LifeNews</a> about 'guerrilla struggle' and using firearms to capture buildings.<a href="#cite_note-458">[458]</a> Topaz was re-arrested as he set up another interview with Russia's Life News channel.<a href="#cite_note-459">[459]</a> He received an eight-years prison sentence in January 2018, but was released in September with credit for time served.<a href="#cite_note-460">[460]</a><a href="#cite_note-461">[461]</a></li> <li>On 12 April a saboteur known as "K" was arrested by the SBU in Kharkiv. He had been tasked with organizing riots and capturing administrative buildings.<a href="#cite_note-462">[462]</a> Later, 70 were arrested between the border of Poltava and Kharkiv. The men were travelling on a bus and found in possession of explosives, petrol bombs, bats, shields, helmets, knives, and other weapons.<a href="#cite_note-463">[463]</a></li> <li>On 25 April, the SBU announced it had arrested two Ukrainian military members recruited by Russian intelligence.<a href="#cite_note-464">[464]</a></li> <li>On 29 April the SBU arrested Spartak Holovachov and Yuri Apukhtin, leader of the Great Rus' organization in Kharkiv. Authorities claimed they were organized from abroad to plan riots in the city on 9 May, and upon searching their headquarters found guns, grenades, ammunition, cash, and separatist leaflets.<a href="#cite_note-pravda-465">[465]</a><a href="#cite_note-pravda2-466">[466]</a></li> <li>As of 19 April, the SBU had arrested 117 Russian citizens.<a href="#cite_note-467">[467]</a></li> <li>V. Makarov, an alleged spy from the <a href="/wiki/GRU_(Russian_Federation)" title="GRU (Russian Federation)">GRU</a> was arrested in <a href="/wiki/Chernihiv" title="Chernihiv">Chernihiv</a> on 20 March 2014.<a href="#cite_note-468">[468]</a></li> <li>Anton Rayevsky was arrested in Odesa and then deported for inciting ethnic hatred and violence.<a href="#cite_note-TSN30314-469">[469]</a></li> <li>Roman Bannykh, allegedly an agent of the Russian <a href="/wiki/GRU_(Russian_Federation)" title="GRU (Russian Federation)">GRU</a>, was detained on 5 April 2014.<a href="#cite_note-roman_bannykh-470">[470]</a></li> <li>Negrienko was arrested earlier in March 2014 for attempting to recruit Ukrainian police officers.<a href="#cite_note-roman_bannykh-470">[470]</a></li> <li>Oleg Bakhtiyarov, for allegedly planning to storm Ukraine's parliament and Cabinet of Ministers buildings in Kyiv by force. Bakhtiyarov, working under the guise of a civil society activist in Kyiv, had allegedly recruited some 200 people, paying them each $500, to assist in storming the buildings and had stockpiled petrol bombs and various tools to carry out the provocation.<a href="#cite_note-kyivpost.com-40">[40]</a> Bakhtiyarov allegedly also arranged, with some Russian TV channels, to film the incident, which would then have been blamed on Ukrainian radicals.<a href="#cite_note-beast-471">[471]</a> Russian writer and the founder of the banned <a href="/wiki/National_Bolshevik_Party" title="National Bolshevik Party">National Bolshevik Party</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eduard_Limonov" title="Eduard Limonov">Eduard Limonov</a> described Bakhtiyarov as: "a good guy, a psychiatrist, a commando, a vet of the <a href="/wiki/War_of_Transnistria" class="mw-redirect" title="War of Transnistria">War of Transnistria</a> and a participant of in the city hall seizure".<a href="#cite_note-beast-471">[471]</a></li> <li>Dmitry Kolesnikov, a member of <a href="/wiki/The_Other_Russia_of_E._V._Limonov" title="The Other Russia of E. V. Limonov">The Other Russia</a> was arrested.<a href="#cite_note-472">[472]</a></li> <li>Two Russian citizens were arrested in <a href="/wiki/Lviv_oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Lviv oblast">Lviv oblast</a> on 2 April 2014, suspected of plotting to take several Ukrainians hostage, including a presidential candidate. Police allegedly found a 200-gram TNT block, detonator, and 16 <a href="/wiki/9%C3%9718mm_Makarov" title="9×18mm Makarov">9×18mm Makarov</a> rounds in one of the suspect's cars. Also allegedly found was a notebook with details of cars used by the presidential candidate and a timetable of his movements, a tablet with images of the targeted politician, as well as members of Lviv Regional Council, one former MP, photos of houses belonging to them, and plans for gaining access to them.<a href="#cite_note-473">[473]</a> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2014-07-30._War_in_Donbass_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/2014-07-30._War_in_Donbass_03.jpg/170px-2014-07-30._War_in_Donbass_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/2014-07-30._War_in_Donbass_03.jpg/255px-2014-07-30._War_in_Donbass_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/2014-07-30._War_in_Donbass_03.jpg/340px-2014-07-30._War_in_Donbass_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1367" data-file-height="1491" /></a><figcaption>Pro-separatist supporter detained by Ukrainian soldiers, 30 July 2014</figcaption></figure></li> <li>Mariya Koleda was arrested on 9 April 2014, and allegedly performed Russian intelligence agency tasks to destabilize the situation in the southern regions of Ukraine. On 7 April, she allegedly took part in fights at the Mykolaiv Oblast Regional State Administration building using a firearm, and confessed to shooting and wounding three people. "She also reported on the preparation of two subversive groups (7 persons from Kherson and 6 people from Nova Kakhovka) to participate in riots in Donetsk," reports the SSU.<a href="#cite_note-474">[474]</a><a href="#cite_note-475">[475]</a></li> <li>On 13 April, Ukraine arrested an alleged Russian GRU operative.<a href="#cite_note-476">[476]</a></li> <li>On 22 April, Ukraine's director of Ukraine's national security service announced that they had arrested three alleged Russian GRU agents.<a href="#cite_note-477">[477]</a></li> <li>On 1 May, border guards arrested a Russian citizen for planning separatist provocations in Luhansk. The man was allegedly a member of the neo-Nazi skinhead group 'Slavs' and had several swastika tattoos as well as a Nazi-branded knife.<a href="#cite_note-nbnews-478">[478]</a></li> <li>On 23 October, Ukraine arrested a man that they claimed was a high-level Russian intelligence agent who had been co-ordinating separatist activity and had organized the protest of several hundred <a href="/wiki/National_Guard_of_Ukraine" title="National Guard of Ukraine">National Guard</a> troops outside the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Administration_Building_(Kyiv)" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidential Administration Building (Kyiv)">Ukrainian presidential administration building</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a> on 13 October.<a href="#cite_note-479">[479]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bounty">Bounty</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Bounty">edit</a>]</div> In April 2014 international billionaire and governor of Dnipropetrovsk <a href="/wiki/Igor_Kolomoisky" class="mw-redirect" title="Igor Kolomoisky">Igor Kolomoisky</a> issued a $10,000 bounty for the apprehension of Russian agents. He also offered rewards for handing in weapons belonging to insurgents: $1,000 for each machine gun turned in to the authorities, $1,500 for every heavy machine gun and $2,000 for a grenade launcher.<a href="#cite_note-480">[480]</a> On 19 April he issued his first $10,000 payout for the capture of a Russian saboteur.<a href="#cite_note-481">[481]</a> Media reported that least one billboard existed with the following text: "$10,000 for a <a href="/wiki/Moskal" title="Moskal">Moskal</a>" (derogatory name for Russians).<a href="#cite_note-482">[482]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Beast" title="The Daily Beast">The Daily Beast</a> no such billboards existed and the photo media referred to "was faked for the Internet."<a href="#cite_note-483">[483]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Gallery">edit</a>]</div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:2014-03-09._%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_043.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pro-Russian demonstration in Donetsk, 9 March 2014."><img alt="Pro-Russian demonstration in Donetsk, 9 March 2014." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/2014-03-09._%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_043.jpg/120px-2014-03-09._%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_043.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/2014-03-09._%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_043.jpg/180px-2014-03-09._%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_043.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/2014-03-09._%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_043.jpg/240px-2014-03-09._%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_043.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pro-Russian demonstration in <a href="/wiki/Donetsk" title="Donetsk">Donetsk</a>, 9 March 2014.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; 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codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ae/2014-03-01._%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5._%D0%A3_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%8E%D1%82_%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%84%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3.ogv/2014-03-01._%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5._%D0%A3_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%8E%D1%82_%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%84%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ae/2014-03-01._%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5._%D0%A3_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%8E%D1%82_%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%84%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3.ogv/2014-03-01._%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5._%D0%A3_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%8E%D1%82_%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%84%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pro-Russian protesters in Donetsk, 1 March 2014.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Odessa_Russian_Sring_20140330_07.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Pro-Russian protesters marching Odesa streets on 30 March 2014."><img alt="Pro-Russian protesters marching Odesa streets on 30 March 2014." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Odessa_Russian_Sring_20140330_07.JPG/120px-Odessa_Russian_Sring_20140330_07.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Odessa_Russian_Sring_20140330_07.JPG/180px-Odessa_Russian_Sring_20140330_07.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Odessa_Russian_Sring_20140330_07.JPG/240px-Odessa_Russian_Sring_20140330_07.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pro-Russian protesters marching <a href="/wiki/Odesa" title="Odesa">Odesa</a> streets on 30 March 2014.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:2014-04-06._%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_024.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pro-Russian protesters in Donetsk, 6 April 2014."><img alt="Pro-Russian protesters in Donetsk, 6 April 2014." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/2014-04-06._%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_024.jpg/120px-2014-04-06._%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_024.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/2014-04-06._%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_024.jpg/180px-2014-04-06._%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_024.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/2014-04-06._%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_024.jpg/240px-2014-04-06._%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_024.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pro-Russian protesters in Donetsk, 6 April 2014.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:2014-04-17%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D1%83_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%83_10.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Demonstration in support of Ukrainian unity in Donetsk, 17 April 2014"><img alt="Demonstration in support of Ukrainian unity in Donetsk, 17 April 2014" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/2014-04-17%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D1%83_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%83_10.jpg/120px-2014-04-17%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D1%83_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%83_10.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/2014-04-17%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D1%83_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%83_10.jpg/180px-2014-04-17%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D1%83_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%83_10.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/2014-04-17%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D1%83_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%83_10.jpg/240px-2014-04-17%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D1%83_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%83_10.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Demonstration in support of Ukrainian unity in Donetsk, 17 April 2014</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Protest_rally_in_Odessa_against_Putin%27s_occupation_actions_in_Ukraine.webm/120px--Protest_rally_in_Odessa_against_Putin%27s_occupation_actions_in_Ukraine.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="120" height="68" data-durationhint="125" data-mwtitle="Protest_rally_in_Odessa_against_Putin's_occupation_actions_in_Ukraine.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/40/Protest_rally_in_Odessa_against_Putin%27s_occupation_actions_in_Ukraine.webm/Protest_rally_in_Odessa_against_Putin%27s_occupation_actions_in_Ukraine.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/40/Protest_rally_in_Odessa_against_Putin%27s_occupation_actions_in_Ukraine.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/40/Protest_rally_in_Odessa_against_Putin%27s_occupation_actions_in_Ukraine.webm/Protest_rally_in_Odessa_against_Putin%27s_occupation_actions_in_Ukraine.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/40/Protest_rally_in_Odessa_against_Putin%27s_occupation_actions_in_Ukraine.webm/Protest_rally_in_Odessa_against_Putin%27s_occupation_actions_in_Ukraine.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/40/Protest_rally_in_Odessa_against_Putin%27s_occupation_actions_in_Ukraine.webm/Protest_rally_in_Odessa_against_Putin%27s_occupation_actions_in_Ukraine.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/40/Protest_rally_in_Odessa_against_Putin%27s_occupation_actions_in_Ukraine.webm/Protest_rally_in_Odessa_against_Putin%27s_occupation_actions_in_Ukraine.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/40/Protest_rally_in_Odessa_against_Putin%27s_occupation_actions_in_Ukraine.webm/Protest_rally_in_Odessa_against_Putin%27s_occupation_actions_in_Ukraine.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></div> <div class="gallerytext">Protest rally in Odesa against Russian President <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir "Putin</a>'s occupation actions in Ukraine", 2 March 2014.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:2014-05-09._%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_114.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Victory Day in Donetsk, people with St. George's Ribbon, used by pro-Russian civilians as a patriotic symbol, 9 May 2014."><img alt="Victory Day in Donetsk, people with St. George's Ribbon, used by pro-Russian civilians as a patriotic symbol, 9 May 2014." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/2014-05-09._%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_114.jpg/120px-2014-05-09._%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_114.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/2014-05-09._%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_114.jpg/180px-2014-05-09._%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_114.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/2014-05-09._%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_114.jpg/240px-2014-05-09._%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_114.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Victory_Day_(9_May)" title="Victory Day (9 May)">Victory Day</a> in Donetsk, people with <a href="/wiki/Ribbon_of_Saint_George" title="Ribbon of Saint George">St. George's Ribbon</a>, used by pro-Russian civilians as a patriotic symbol, 9 May 2014.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Karlovka_23_May_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Church of Holy Epiphany in Karlivka, Donestk Oblast, on 23 May 2014, shells on road from fighting between Ukrainian forces and pro-Russian separatists."><img alt="Church of Holy Epiphany in Karlivka, Donestk Oblast, on 23 May 2014, shells on road from fighting between Ukrainian forces and pro-Russian separatists." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Karlovka_23_May_2014.jpg/90px-Karlovka_23_May_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Karlovka_23_May_2014.jpg/135px-Karlovka_23_May_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Karlovka_23_May_2014.jpg/180px-Karlovka_23_May_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Church of Holy Epiphany in <a href="/wiki/Karlivka,_Donetsk_Oblast" title="Karlivka, Donetsk Oblast">Karlivka</a>, Donestk Oblast, on 23 May 2014, shells on road from fighting between Ukrainian forces and pro-Russian separatists.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Russians_Ukraine_2001.PNG" class="mw-file-description" title="Regions inhabited by significant Russian populations in Ukraine in 2001."><img alt="Regions inhabited by significant Russian populations in Ukraine in 2001." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Russians_Ukraine_2001.PNG/120px-Russians_Ukraine_2001.PNG" decoding="async" width="120" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Russians_Ukraine_2001.PNG/180px-Russians_Ukraine_2001.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Russians_Ukraine_2001.PNG/240px-Russians_Ukraine_2001.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="825" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Regions inhabited by significant Russian populations in Ukraine in 2001.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Ukraine_census_2001_Russian.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Percentage of people with Russian as their native language according to 2001 census (in regions)."><img alt="Percentage of people with Russian as their native language according to 2001 census (in regions)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Ukraine_census_2001_Russian.svg/120px-Ukraine_census_2001_Russian.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Ukraine_census_2001_Russian.svg/180px-Ukraine_census_2001_Russian.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Ukraine_census_2001_Russian.svg/240px-Ukraine_census_2001_Russian.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="621" data-file-height="477" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Percentage of people with Russian as their native language according to 2001 census (in regions).</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Ukr_elections_2012_multimandate_okruhs.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Results of the 2012 parliamentary election. Yanukovych's Party of Regions in blue."><img alt="Results of the 2012 parliamentary election. Yanukovych's Party of Regions in blue." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Ukr_elections_2012_multimandate_okruhs.png/120px-Ukr_elections_2012_multimandate_okruhs.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Ukr_elections_2012_multimandate_okruhs.png/180px-Ukr_elections_2012_multimandate_okruhs.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Ukr_elections_2012_multimandate_okruhs.png/240px-Ukr_elections_2012_multimandate_okruhs.png 2x" data-file-width="3508" data-file-height="2480" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Results of the <a href="/wiki/2012_Ukrainian_parliamentary_election" title="2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election">2012 parliamentary election</a>. Yanukovych's <a href="/wiki/Party_of_Regions" title="Party of Regions">Party of Regions</a> in blue.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:2014._%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_043.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A pro-Ukrainian gathering on Freedom Square, in Kharkiv"><img alt="A pro-Ukrainian gathering on Freedom Square, in Kharkiv" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/2014._%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_043.jpg/90px-2014._%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_043.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/2014._%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_043.jpg/135px-2014._%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_043.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/2014._%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_043.jpg/180px-2014._%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_043.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">A pro-Ukrainian gathering on <a href="/wiki/Freedom_Square_(Kharkiv)" title="Freedom Square (Kharkiv)">Freedom Square</a>, in Kharkiv</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%82_%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D1%83!_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC!_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="An anti-government poster at a rally on Freedom Square, in Kharkiv"><img alt="An anti-government poster at a rally on Freedom Square, in Kharkiv" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%82_%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D1%83%21_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC%21_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2.JPG/120px-%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%82_%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D1%83%21_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC%21_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%82_%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D1%83%21_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC%21_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2.JPG/180px-%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%82_%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D1%83%21_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC%21_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%82_%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D1%83%21_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC%21_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2.JPG/240px-%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%82_%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D1%83%21_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC%21_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">An anti-government poster at a rally on <a href="/wiki/Freedom_Square_(Kharkiv)" title="Freedom Square (Kharkiv)">Freedom Square</a>, in Kharkiv</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Celebrating_Victory_Day_and_the_70th_anniversary_of_Sevastopol%E2%80%99s_liberation_(2493-27).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Russian President Vladimir Putin during his first visit to Crimea after it was annexed, 9 May 2014"><img alt="Russian President Vladimir Putin during his first visit to Crimea after it was annexed, 9 May 2014" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Celebrating_Victory_Day_and_the_70th_anniversary_of_Sevastopol%E2%80%99s_liberation_%282493-27%29.jpg/120px-Celebrating_Victory_Day_and_the_70th_anniversary_of_Sevastopol%E2%80%99s_liberation_%282493-27%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Celebrating_Victory_Day_and_the_70th_anniversary_of_Sevastopol%E2%80%99s_liberation_%282493-27%29.jpg/180px-Celebrating_Victory_Day_and_the_70th_anniversary_of_Sevastopol%E2%80%99s_liberation_%282493-27%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Celebrating_Victory_Day_and_the_70th_anniversary_of_Sevastopol%E2%80%99s_liberation_%282493-27%29.jpg/240px-Celebrating_Victory_Day_and_the_70th_anniversary_of_Sevastopol%E2%80%99s_liberation_%282493-27%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="434" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Russian President <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> during his first visit to Crimea after it was annexed, 9 May 2014</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:2014-12-20._%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_054.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pro-Russian rally in Donetsk, 20 December 2014"><img alt="Pro-Russian rally in Donetsk, 20 December 2014" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/2014-12-20._%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_054.jpg/120px-2014-12-20._%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_054.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/2014-12-20._%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_054.jpg/180px-2014-12-20._%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_054.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/2014-12-20._%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_054.jpg/240px-2014-12-20._%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_054.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pro-Russian rally in Donetsk, 20 December 2014</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Ambox_globe_Americas.svg/42px-Ambox_globe_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Ambox_globe_Americas.svg/56px-Ambox_globe_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Portal:Current events">Current events portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/28px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/42px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/56px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/48px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/64px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Russia" title="Portal:Russia">Russia portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/32px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/48px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, 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occupations">2014 Euromaidan regional state administration occupations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Do_not_buy_Russian_goods!" title="Do not buy Russian goods!">Do not buy Russian goods!</a> a Ukrainian boycott of Russian goods started as a reaction to the export trade blockade by Russia in 2013.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_protests_in_the_21st_century" title="List of protests in the 21st century">List of protests in the 21st century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Russian_sabotage_activities_in_Ukraine" title="2014 Russian sabotage activities in Ukraine">2014 Russian sabotage activities in Ukraine</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output 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a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and 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Biteback Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78590-771-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78590-771-5"><bdi>978-1-78590-771-5</bdi></a>. <q>Crucially, Mariupol, Kharkiv and Odessa all remained firmly under Ukrainian government control, which meant that the actual DPR and LPR lands were not especially big at all, even if they held the major cities of Donetsk and Luhansk. ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Russia%27s+Road+to+War+with+Ukraine%3A+Invasion+amidst+the+ashes+of+empires&rft.pub=Biteback+Publishing&rft.date=2022-08-25&rft.isbn=978-1-78590-771-5&rft.aulast=Puri&rft.aufirst=Samir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmGB7EAAAQBAJ%26dq%3DSeparatist%2Bparamilitaries%2Battempted%2Bto%2Btake%2Bcontrol%2Bof%2Barmy%2Bbases%2Band%26pg%3DPT106&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+pro-Russian+unrest+in+Ukraine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFD'Anieri2019" class="citation book cs1">D'Anieri, Paul J. (2019). Ukraine and Russia : from civilized divorce to uncivil war. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. p. 234. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-108-48609-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-108-48609-5"><bdi>978-1-108-48609-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1097455586">1097455586</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ukraine+and+Russia+%3A+from+civilized+divorce+to+uncivil+war&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+United+Kingdom&rft.pages=234&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1097455586&rft.isbn=978-1-108-48609-5&rft.aulast=D%27Anieri&rft.aufirst=Paul+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+pro-Russian+unrest+in+Ukraine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-de3546-19"><a href="#cite_ref-de3546_19-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKofmanMigachevaNichiporukRadin2017" class="citation report cs1">Kofman, Michael; Migacheva, Katya; Nichiporuk, Brian; Radin, Andrew; Tkacheva, Olesya; Oberholtzer, Jenny (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RR1400/RR1498/RAND_RR1498.pdf">Lessons from Russia's Operations in Crimea and Eastern Ukraine</a> (PDF) (Report). 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gazeta.zn.ua/internal/o-komplekse-mer-po-vovlecheniyu-ukrainy-v-evraziyskiy-integracionnyy-process-_.html">the original</a> on 30 August 2013. Retrieved 1 September 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%D0%97%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE+%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8.+%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0&rft.atitle=%D0%9E+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5+%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80+%D0%BF%D0%BE+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8E+%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B+%D0%B2+%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81&rft.date=2013-08-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgazeta.zn.ua%2Finternal%2Fo-komplekse-mer-po-vovlecheniyu-ukrainy-v-evraziyskiy-integracionnyy-process-_.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+pro-Russian+unrest+in+Ukraine" class="Z3988"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2013/08/does-russia-have-a-secret-plan-for-ukraine/278894/">Does Russia Have a Secret Plan for Ukraine?</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a> (21 August 2013) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ukrainianweek.com/Politics/86079">Caught in a Zeitnot</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Ukrainian_Week" title="The Ukrainian Week">The Ukrainian Week</a> (6 August 2013) </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-25051141">Ukraine media see Kremlin pressure over EU</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a> (22 November 2013) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-25182823">Q&A: Stand-off in Ukraine over EU agreement</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a> (29 December 2013) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-25401179">Analysis: Russia's carrot-and-stick battle for Ukraine</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a> (17 December 2013) </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated2-28"><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_28-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.interfax.com.ua/news/economic/182691.html">Eased Russian customs rules to save Ukraine $1.5 bln in 2014, says minister</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interfax-Ukraine" title="Interfax-Ukraine">Interfax-Ukraine</a> (18 December 2013) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.interfax.com.ua/news/economic/182651.html">Russia to lift restrictions on Ukrainian pipe imports – Ukrainian ministry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interfax-Ukraine" title="Interfax-Ukraine">Interfax-Ukraine</a> (18 December 2013) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/russia-ukraine-customs-idUSL6N0GG17S20130815">Russia tightens customs rules to force Ukraine into union</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a> (15 August 2013) </li> <li id="cite_note-BBCGPU171213-29"><a href="#cite_ref-BBCGPU171213_29-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-25411118">Russia cuts Ukraine gas price by a third</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a> (17 December 2013) </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/16/world/europe/a-ukraine-city-spins-beyond-the-governments-reach.html?_r=0">"A Ukraine City Spins Beyond the Government's Reach"</a>. The New York Times. 15 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=A+Ukraine+City+Spins+Beyond+the+Government%27s+Reach&rft.date=2014-02-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F02%2F16%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fa-ukraine-city-spins-beyond-the-governments-reach.html%3F_r%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+pro-Russian+unrest+in+Ukraine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGestwa2023" class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a href="/wiki/Klaus_Gestwa" title="Klaus Gestwa">Gestwa, Klaus</a> (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6GqWDhHzRdo">Osteuropa-Historiker vs 8 Thesen zum Ukraine-Krieg</a> [Historian of Eastern Europe vs 8 theses on the Ukrainian War]. <a href="/wiki/Eberhard_Karls_Universit%C3%A4t_T%C3%BCbingen" class="mw-redirect" title="Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen">Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen</a> Philosophische Fakultät Institut für Osteuropäische Geschichte und Landeskunde. 19-20 minutes in. Retrieved 2 June 2024. <q>Der Euromaidan im Jahr 2013 / 2014 war kein von den USA organisierter und von ukrainischen Faschisten durchgeführter Putsch, wie dies einige hier in Deutschland mit Verweis auf die russischen Medien darstellen wollen. ... Es gibt eine große Zahl von sehr überzeugenden, geschichts-, kultur-, sozial- und politikwissenschaftlichen Studien dazu, dass der Euromaidan die größte demokratische Massenbewegung Europas seit dem Jahr 1989 gewesen ist.</q> [The Euromaidan in 2013 / 2014 was no coup organized by the US and carried out by Ukrainian faschists, as some people here in Germany want to present it with reference to the Russian media. ... There is a large number of very convincing studies from the fields of history, cultural science, social science, and political science showing that the Euromaidan was the largest democratic mass movement in Europe since 1989.]</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Osteuropa-Historiker+vs+8+Thesen+zum+Ukraine-Krieg&rft.pub=Eberhard+Karls+Universit%C3%A4t+T%C3%BCbingen+Philosophische+Fakult%C3%A4t+Institut+f%C3%BCr+Osteurop%C3%A4ische+Geschichte+und+Landeskunde&rft.date=2023&rft.aulast=Gestwa&rft.aufirst=Klaus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D6GqWDhHzRdo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+pro-Russian+unrest+in+Ukraine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rferl.org/a/was-yanukovychs-ouster-constitutional/25274346.html">"Was Yanukovych's Ouster Constitutional?"</a>. RFE/RL. 23 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RFE%2FRL&rft.atitle=Was+Yanukovych%27s+Ouster+Constitutional%3F&rft.date=2014-02-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rferl.org%2Fa%2Fwas-yanukovychs-ouster-constitutional%2F25274346.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+pro-Russian+unrest+in+Ukraine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/193220.html">"Rada dismisses previous government, to form new one"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Interfax-Ukraine" title="Interfax-Ukraine">Interfax-Ukraine</a>. 27 February 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230427151728/https://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/193220.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 April 2023. Retrieved 5 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Interfax-Ukraine&rft.atitle=Rada+dismisses+previous+government%2C+to+form+new+one&rft.date=2014-02-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.interfax.com.ua%2Fnews%2Fgeneral%2F193220.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+pro-Russian+unrest+in+Ukraine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRagozin2013" class="citation news cs1">Ragozin, Leonid (23 December 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2013/12/23/ukraine-protests-the-view-from-moscow">"Ukraine protests: The view from Moscow"</a>. Al Jazeera. Retrieved 4 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ukraine+protests%3A+The+view+from+Moscow&rft.date=2013-12-23&rft.aulast=Ragozin&rft.aufirst=Leonid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fopinions%2F2013%2F12%2F23%2Fukraine-protests-the-view-from-moscow&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+pro-Russian+unrest+in+Ukraine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDrachev2013" class="citation news cs1">Drachev, Viktor (9 December 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2013/12/09/this-one-map-helps-explain-ukraines-protests/">"This one map helps explain Ukraine's protests"</a>. The Washington Post. Retrieved 4 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=This+one+map+helps+explain+Ukraine%27s+protests&rft.date=2013-12-09&rft.aulast=Drachev&rft.aufirst=Viktor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fworldviews%2Fwp%2F2013%2F12%2F09%2Fthis-one-map-helps-explain-ukraines-protests%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+pro-Russian+unrest+in+Ukraine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-36">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_36-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_36-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_R._Marples2021" class="citation book cs1">David R. Marples (21 December 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NxdXEAAAQBAJ&dq=%22We+now+know+that+Kremlin+advisors+Vladislav+Surkov+and+Sergei+Glazyev+had+directed+efforts+to+coordinate+and+organize+these+protests+at+the+beginning+of+March+2014%22&pg=PA26">The War in Ukraine's Donbas: Origins, Contexts, and the Future</a>. Central European University Press. pp. 20–26 - "We now know that Kremlin advisors Vladislav Surkov and Sergei Glazyev had directed efforts to coordinate and organize these protests at the beginning of ...". <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-963-386-420-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-963-386-420-3"><bdi>978-963-386-420-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+War+in+Ukraine%27s+Donbas%3A+Origins%2C+Contexts%2C+and+the+Future&rft.pages=20-26+-+%22We+now+know+that+Kremlin+advisors+Vladislav+Surkov+and+Sergei+Glazyev+had+directed+efforts+to+coordinate+and+organize+these+protests+at+the+beginning+of+...%22&rft.pub=Central+European+University+Press&rft.date=2021-12-21&rft.isbn=978-963-386-420-3&rft.au=David+R.+Marples&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNxdXEAAAQBAJ%26dq%3D%2522We%2Bnow%2Bknow%2Bthat%2BKremlin%2Badvisors%2BVladislav%2BSurkov%2Band%2BSergei%2BGlazyev%2Bhad%2Bdirected%2Befforts%2Bto%2Bcoordinate%2Band%2Borganize%2Bthese%2Bprotests%2Bat%2Bthe%2Bbeginning%2Bof%2BMarch%2B2014%2522%26pg%3DPA26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+pro-Russian+unrest+in+Ukraine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ruscit-37"><a href="#cite_ref-ruscit_37-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoth,_Andrew2014" class="citation news cs1">Roth, Andrew (3 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/04/world/europe/russias-hand-can-be-seen-in-the-protests.html?_r=0">"From Russia, 'Tourists' Stir the Protests"</a>. The New York Times. Retrieved 10 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=From+Russia%2C+%27Tourists%27+Stir+the+Protests&rft.date=2014-03-03&rft.au=Roth%2C+Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F03%2F04%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Frussias-hand-can-be-seen-in-the-protests.html%3F_r%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+pro-Russian+unrest+in+Ukraine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-kyivpost3-38"><a href="#cite_ref-kyivpost3_38-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/southeastern-ukraine-invaded-by-pro-russian-protesters-338629.html">"Southeastern Ukraine gets invasion of Russian protesters"</a>. Kyiv Post. 7 March 2014. Retrieved 10 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kyiv+Post&rft.atitle=Southeastern+Ukraine+gets+invasion+of+Russian+protesters&rft.date=2014-03-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kyivpost.com%2Fcontent%2Fukraine%2Fsoutheastern-ukraine-invaded-by-pro-russian-protesters-338629.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+pro-Russian+unrest+in+Ukraine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tsn.ua/ukrayina/doneckimi-separatistami-viyavilisya-kolishni-zeki-i-gastroleri-z-krimu-341899.html">"Донецькими сепаратистами виявилися колишні зеки і гастролери з Криму Більше читайте тут (Separatists in Donetsk were former prisoners)"</a>. TSN (in Ukrainian). 26 March 2014. Retrieved 10 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TSN&rft.atitle=%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8+%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8+%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8F+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%96+%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D1%96+%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8+%D0%B7+%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%83+%D0%91%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B5+%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%B5+%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82+%28Separatists+in+Donetsk+were+former+prisoners%29&rft.date=2014-03-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftsn.ua%2Fukrayina%2Fdoneckimi-separatistami-viyavilisya-kolishni-zeki-i-gastroleri-z-krimu-341899.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+pro-Russian+unrest+in+Ukraine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-kyivpost.com-40">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kyivpost.com_40-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-kyivpost.com_40-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-kyivpost.com_40-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-kyivpost.com_40-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/sbu-detains-russian-provocateur-believed-to-have-planned-raid-on-ukrainian-parliament-cabinet-341555.html">"SBU detains Russian provocateur believed to have planned raid on parliament, cabinet buildings"</a>. 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Retrieved 3 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=%27Heavy+fighting%27+around+Sloviansk&rft.date=2014-06-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-27679626&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+pro-Russian+unrest+in+Ukraine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osce.org/ukraine-smm/119479">Latest news from the OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine (SMM), based on information received until 18:00 hrs, 2 June (Kyiv time)</a>, OSCE, retrieved 3 June 2014</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Latest+news+from+the+OSCE+Special+Monitoring+Mission+to+Ukraine+%28SMM%29%2C+based+on+information+received+until+18%3A00+hrs%2C+2+June+%28Kyiv+time%29&rft.pub=OSCE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.osce.org%2Fukraine-smm%2F119479&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+pro-Russian+unrest+in+Ukraine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMagnayTom_Lister2014" class="citation cs2">Magnay, Diana; Tom Lister (3 June 2014), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2014/06/03/world/europe/ukraine-luhansk-building-attack/index.html?hpt=hp_c1">Air attack on pro-Russian separatists in Luhansk kills 8, stuns residents</a>, CNN, retrieved 4 June 2014</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Air+attack+on+pro-Russian+separatists+in+Luhansk+kills+8%2C+stuns+residents&rft.pub=CNN&rft.date=2014-06-03&rft.aulast=Magnay&rft.aufirst=Diana&rft.au=Tom+Lister&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2014%2F06%2F03%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fukraine-luhansk-building-attack%2Findex.html%3Fhpt%3Dhp_c1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+pro-Russian+unrest+in+Ukraine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-215"><a href="#cite_ref-215">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rferl.org/a/ukraine-unspun-luhansk-blast/25410384.html">"Despite Denials, All Evidence For Deadly Explosion Points To Kyiv"</a>. 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Retrieved 4 May 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+Free+Europe%2FRadio+Liberty&rft.atitle=Despite+Denials%2C+All+Evidence+For+Deadly+Explosion+Points+To+Kyiv&rft.date=2014-06-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rferl.org%2Fa%2Fukraine-unspun-luhansk-blast%2F25410384.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+pro-Russian+unrest+in+Ukraine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-KsuFeb14-216">^ <a href="#cite_ref-KsuFeb14_216-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-KsuFeb14_216-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-KsuFeb14_216-2">c</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/globe-in-kharkiv-where-russia-is-close-to-the-heart/article17076303/">Globe in Ukraine: In Kharkiv, revolution meets a Russophile resistance</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Globe_and_Mail" title="The Globe and Mail">The Globe and Mail</a> (24 February 2014) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-26317218">Ukraine conflict: 'Raw anger' in divided Kharkiv</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a> (23 February 2014) </li> <li id="cite_note-BW23OCT-217">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BW23OCT_217-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BW23OCT_217-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/bw/articles/2014-10-23/ukraines-second-city-kharkiv-eludes-rebel-hands">"Ukraine's Second City, Kharkiv, Eludes Rebel Hands"</a>. 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Retrieved 24 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg+BusinessWeek&rft.atitle=Ukraine%27s+Second+City%2C+Kharkiv%2C+Eludes+Rebel+Hands&rft.date=2014-10-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fbw%2Farticles%2F2014-10-23%2Fukraines-second-city-kharkiv-eludes-rebel-hands&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+pro-Russian+unrest+in+Ukraine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-218"><a href="#cite_ref-218">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rferl.org/content/ukraine-faceoff-in-kharkiv/25278067.html">In The Shadow Of Lenin, Two Ukraines Face Off In Kharkiv </a>, <a href="/wiki/Radio_Free_Europe/Radio_Liberty" title="Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty">Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty</a> (26 February 2014) </li> <li id="cite_note-219"><a href="#cite_ref-219">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.euronews.com/2014/03/01/ukraine-violent-clashes-in-kharkiv-leave-dozens-injured/">Ukraine: Violent clashes in Kharkiv leave dozens injured</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006071857/http://www.euronews.com/2014/03/01/ukraine-violent-clashes-in-kharkiv-leave-dozens-injured/">Archived</a> 6 October 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Euronews" title="Euronews">Euronews</a> (1 March 2014) </li> <li id="cite_note-nytimes1-220"><a href="#cite_ref-nytimes1_220-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoth2014" class="citation news cs1">Roth, Andrew (4 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/04/world/europe/russias-hand-can-be-seen-in-the-protests.html">"From Russia, 'Tourists' Stir the Protests"</a>. The New York Times.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=From+Russia%2C+%27Tourists%27+Stir+the+Protests&rft.date=2014-03-04&rft.aulast=Roth&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F03%2F04%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Frussias-hand-can-be-seen-in-the-protests.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+pro-Russian+unrest+in+Ukraine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-221"><a href="#cite_ref-221">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-trending-26435333">"Russian site recruits 'volunteers' for Ukraine"</a>. BBC News. 4 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Russian+site+recruits+%27volunteers%27+for+Ukraine&rft.date=2014-03-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fblogs-trending-26435333&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+pro-Russian+unrest+in+Ukraine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-222"><a href="#cite_ref-222">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyivpost.com/multimedia/photo/pro-russian-kharkiv-338253.html">Kharkiv, Ukraine's second largest city, divided over Russia's invasion of Crimea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Post" title="Kyiv Post">Kyiv Post</a> (3 March 2014) </li> <li id="cite_note-NNA3MA-223"><a href="#cite_ref-NNA3MA_223-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140322025153/http://www.ukrinform.ua/eng/news/kharkiv_regional_administration_building_stormed_on_march_1_by_russian_tourists___activist_318009">"Kharkiv regional administration building stormed on March 1 by Russian 'tourists' - activist"</a>. National News Agency of Ukraine. 3 March 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ukrinform.ua/eng/news/kharkiv_regional_administration_building_stormed_on_march_1_by_russian_tourists___activist_318009">the original</a> on 22 March 2014. Retrieved 9 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+News+Agency+of+Ukraine&rft.atitle=Kharkiv+regional+administration+building+stormed+on+March+1+by+Russian+%27tourists%27+-+activist&rft.date=2014-03-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ukrinform.ua%2Feng%2Fnews%2Fkharkiv_regional_administration_building_stormed_on_march_1_by_russian_tourists___activist_318009&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+pro-Russian+unrest+in+Ukraine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-REU5MA-224"><a href="#cite_ref-REU5MA_224-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150925134713/http://www.trust.org/item/20140304195551-n3lid/">"Tide of opinion turns against Russia in Ukraine's east"</a>. Reuters. 5 March 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.trust.org/item/20140304195551-n3lid/">the original</a> on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 9 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Tide+of+opinion+turns+against+Russia+in+Ukraine%27s+east&rft.date=2014-03-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.trust.org%2Fitem%2F20140304195551-n3lid%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+pro-Russian+unrest+in+Ukraine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-225"><a href="#cite_ref-225">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/pro-russian-rally-draws-5000-people-in-ukraines-kharkiv-338552.html">Pro-Russian rally draws 5,000 people in Ukraine's Kharkiv</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Post" title="Kyiv Post">Kyiv Post</a> (6 March 2014) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-26459929">Tensions ease in Ukraine's second city of Kharkiv</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a> (5 March 2014) (in Ukrainian) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/mobile/news/2014/03/140309_shevchenko_anniversary_sx.shtml">Ukraine celebrated the 200th anniversary of the birth of Shevchenko</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_Ukrainian" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC Ukrainian">BBC Ukrainian</a> (9 March 2014) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/kharkiv-demonstration-demands-broad-autonomy-for-southeastern-regions-340434.html">Kharkiv demonstration demands broad autonomy for southeastern regions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Post" title="Kyiv Post">Kyiv Post</a> (22 March 2014) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gettyimages.nl/detail/nieuwsfoto%27s/woman-holds-a-placard-reading-kharkiv-loves-crimea-while-nieuwsfotos/476996527">A woman holds a placard reading 'Kharkiv loves Crimea' while Pro-Ukrainian activists sing the state anthem during a rally in the center of the eastern Ukrainian city of Kharkiv on 6 March 2014, as they protest against the Russian aggression in Crimea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Getty_Images" title="Getty Images">Getty Images</a> (6 March 2014) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/russia-supporters-in-eastern-ukraine-pose-challenges-to-pro-western-government/2014/03/14/be21eeec-ab77-11e3-b8ca-197ef3568958_story.html">Russia supporters in eastern Ukraine pose challenges to pro-Western government</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washingtonpost.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Washingtonpost.com">washingtonpost.com</a> (15 March 2014) </li> <li id="cite_note-226"><a href="#cite_ref-226">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/03/03/russia-ukraine_n_4889053.html">Pro-Russia Protesters Occupy Ukraine Government Building</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Huffington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="The Huffington Post">The Huffington Post</a> (3 March 2014) </li> <li id="cite_note-227"><a href="#cite_ref-227">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/ukraine-crisis-two-dead-in-kharkiv-shootout-ahead-of-crimea-referendum-9194291.html">Ukraine crisis: Two dead in shootout in eastern city of Kharkiv as tensions rise ahead of Crimea referendum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Independent.co.uk" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent.co.uk">independent.co.uk</a> (15 March 2014) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dw.com/en/deadly-clashes-in-eastern-ukraine-ahead-of-crimea-referendum/a-17498801">Deadly clashes in eastern Ukraine ahead of Crimea referendum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dw.de" class="mw-redirect" title="Dw.de">dw.de</a> (15 March 2014) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dw.com/en/violence-erupts-in-kharkiv-amid-political-turmoil/a-17513959">Violence erupts in Kharkiv amid political turmoil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dw.de" class="mw-redirect" title="Dw.de">dw.de</a> (22 March 2014) </li> <li id="cite_note-UkraineNationalists-228"><a href="#cite_ref-UkraineNationalists_228-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/two-killed-ukraine-protesters-clash-kharkiv-1440436">"Two Killed in Ukraine as Protesters Clash in Kharkiv"</a>. 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Retrieved 28 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ukrainian+Truth&rft.atitle=Kharkiv+police+fired+200+for+separatism&rft.date=2014-06-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pravda.com.ua%2Fnews%2F2014%2F06%2F28%2F7030432%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+pro-Russian+unrest+in+Ukraine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-244"><a href="#cite_ref-244">^</a> (in Ukrainian) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2014/06/30/7030538/">Baluta boasted that he has detained 314 active separatist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukrainska_Pravda" title="Ukrainska Pravda">Ukrainska Pravda</a> (30 June 2014) </li> <li id="cite_note-OSCE257-245">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OSCE257_245-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-OSCE257_245-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-OSCE257_245-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osce.org/ukraine-smm/121790">"Latest from the Special Monitoring Mission (SMM) in Ukraine based on information received until 18:00 hrs, 23 July"</a> (Press release). Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. 24 July 2014. Retrieved 25 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Latest+from+the+Special+Monitoring+Mission+%28SMM%29+in+Ukraine+based+on+information+received+until+18%3A00+hrs%2C+23+July&rft.pub=Organization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe&rft.date=2014-07-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.osce.org%2Fukraine-smm%2F121790&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+pro-Russian+unrest+in+Ukraine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-IFbrad-246"><a href="#cite_ref-IFbrad_246-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/216127.html">"Attempt made to blow up bridge in Kharkiv region"</a>. Interfax-Ukraine News Agency. 30 July 2014. Retrieved 30 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Interfax-Ukraine+News+Agency&rft.atitle=Attempt+made+to+blow+up+bridge+in+Kharkiv+region&rft.date=2014-07-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.interfax.com.ua%2Fnews%2Fgeneral%2F216127.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+pro-Russian+unrest+in+Ukraine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-OSCEfoc-247">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OSCEfoc_247-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-OSCEfoc_247-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-OSCEfoc_247-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osce.org/ukraine-smm/122466">"Latest from OSCE Special Monitoring Mission (SMM) to Ukraine based on information received as of 18:00 hrs, 6 August 2014"</a> (Press release). Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. 7 August 2014. Retrieved 12 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Latest+from+OSCE+Special+Monitoring+Mission+%28SMM%29+to+Ukraine+based+on+information+received+as+of+18%3A00+hrs%2C+6+August+2014&rft.pub=Organization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe&rft.date=2014-08-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.osce.org%2Fukraine-smm%2F122466&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+pro-Russian+unrest+in+Ukraine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-INTp-kde-248"><a href="#cite_ref-INTp-kde_248-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.interpretermag.com/russia-this-week-roots-of-pro-russian-separatists-in-russian-ultranationalist-groups/#3693">"Russia This Week: Zhirinovsky Threatens to 'Wipe Out' Poland, Baltics (4–10 August)"</a>. The Interpreter. 10 August 2014. Retrieved 17 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Interpreter&rft.atitle=Russia+This+Week%3A+Zhirinovsky+Threatens+to+%27Wipe+Out%27+Poland%2C+Baltics+%284%E2%80%9310+August%29&rft.date=2014-08-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.interpretermag.com%2Frussia-this-week-roots-of-pro-russian-separatists-in-russian-ultranationalist-groups%2F%233693&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+pro-Russian+unrest+in+Ukraine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-OSCE1182014-249">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OSCE1182014_249-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-OSCE1182014_249-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-OSCE1182014_249-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osce.org/ukraine-smm/122578">"Latest from OSCE Special Monitoring Mission (SMM) to Ukraine based on information received as of 18:00 (Kyiv time), 11 August 2014"</a> (Press release). 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Retrieved 12 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Latest+from+OSCE+Special+Monitoring+Mission+%28SMM%29+to+Ukraine+based+on+information+received+as+of+18%3A00+%28Kyiv+time%29%2C+11+August+2014&rft.pub=Organization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe&rft.date=2014-08-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.osce.org%2Fukraine-smm%2F122578&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+pro-Russian+unrest+in+Ukraine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-OSCE8AUG2014-250"><a href="#cite_ref-OSCE8AUG2014_250-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osce.org/ukraine-smm/122495">"Latest from OSCE Special Monitoring Mission (SMM) to Ukraine based on information received by 18:00 (Kyiv time), 7 August 2014"</a> (Press release). 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Retrieved 17 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Latest+from+OSCE+Special+Monitoring+Mission+%28SMM%29+to+Ukraine+based+on+information+received+by+18%3A00+%28Kyiv+time%29%2C+7+August+2014&rft.pub=Organization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe&rft.date=2014-08-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.osce.org%2Fukraine-smm%2F122495&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+pro-Russian+unrest+in+Ukraine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Status_quo_17814-251">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Status_quo_17814_251-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Status_quo_17814_251-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Status_quo_17814_251-2">c</a> (in Ukrainian) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sq.com.ua/rus/news/obschestvo/17.08.2014/na_ploschadi_svobody_proshli_dva_mitinga/">Two liberty square rally</a>, Status quo (17 August 2014) </li> <li id="cite_note-252"><a href="#cite_ref-252">^</a> (in Russian) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140826114251/http://www.sq.com.ua/rus/news/vlast/22.08.2014/kompartii_i_yugo_vostoku_zapretili_provodit_mitingi/">The Communist Party and "South-East" banned to hold rallies</a>, Status quo (22 August 2014) </li> <li id="cite_note-253"><a href="#cite_ref-253">^</a> (in Russian) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unian.net/politics/953568-v-harkove-sud-zapretil-organizatsiyu-yugo-vostok.html">Kharkiv court banned separatist organization "South-East"</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Independent_Information_Agency" title="Ukrainian Independent Information Agency">Ukrainian Independent Information Agency</a> (20 August 2014) </li> <li id="cite_note-254"><a href="#cite_ref-254">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sq.com.ua/rus/news/obschestvo/23.08.2014/okolo_500_chelovek_idut_marshem_po_centru_harkova"><bdi lang="ru">Около 500 человек идут маршем по центру Харькова (дополнено, фото, видео)</bdi></a> [About 500 people were marching through the center of Kharkiv (updated, photo, video)]. 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Retrieved 31 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Latest+from+the+Special+Monitoring+Mission+to+Ukraine%2C+based+on+information+received+as+of+18%3A00+%28Kyiv+time%29%2C+29+August+2014&rft.pub=Organization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe&rft.date=2014-08-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.osce.org%2Fukraine-smm%2F123074&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+pro-Russian+unrest+in+Ukraine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC28SEPT-256">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BBC28SEPT_256-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC28SEPT_256-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC28SEPT_256-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-29405089">"Ukraine nationalists tear down Kharkiv's Lenin statue"</a>. BBC News. 28 September 2014. Retrieved 29 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Ukraine+nationalists+tear+down+Kharkiv%27s+Lenin+statue&rft.date=2014-09-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-29405089&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+pro-Russian+unrest+in+Ukraine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-OSCE29SEPT-257">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OSCE29SEPT_257-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-OSCE29SEPT_257-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osce.org/ukraine-smm/124547">"Latest from OSCE Special Monitoring Mission (SMM) to Ukraine based on information received as of 18:00 (Kyiv time), 28 September 2014"</a> (Press release). Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. 29 September 2014. 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Cambridge University Press. pp. 140, 141. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-316-51149-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-316-51149-7"><bdi>978-1-316-51149-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ukraine%27s+Unnamed+War%3A+Before+the+Russian+Invasion+of+2022&rft.pages=140%2C+141&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2023-01-05&rft.isbn=978-1-316-51149-7&rft.aulast=Arel&rft.aufirst=Dominique&rft.au=Driscoll%2C+Jesse&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7dWgEAAAQBAJ%26dq%3DA%2Bgunman%2Bfrom%2Bthe%2Banti-Maidan%2Bmilitia%26pg%3DPA140&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+pro-Russian+unrest+in+Ukraine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-express-274"><a href="#cite_ref-express_274-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.express.co.uk/news/world/473754/Dozens-killed-by-smoke-as-Ukraine-moves-closer-to-civil-war">"Dozens killed by smoke as Ukraine moves closer to civil war | World"</a>. 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Retrieved 3 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Daily+Express&rft.atitle=Dozens+killed+by+smoke+as+Ukraine+moves+closer+to+civil+war+%26%23124%3B+World&rft.date=2014-05-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.express.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2F473754%2FDozens-killed-by-smoke-as-Ukraine-moves-closer-to-civil-war&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+pro-Russian+unrest+in+Ukraine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-tsn-275"><a href="#cite_ref-tsn_275-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tsn.ua/ukrayina/krivavi-sutichki-v-odesi-zabrali-zhittya-43-osib-25-perebuvayut-u-tyazhkomu-stani-347951.html">"Криваві сутички в Одесі забрали життя 43 осіб, 25 перебувають у тяжкому стані – Новини України на 1+1 – ТСН.ua"</a> [Bloody clashes in Odesa took the lives of 43 people, 25 are in serious condition - News of Ukraine on 1 + 1 - TSN.ua]. tsn.ua. 3 May 2014. 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Voice of America. 2 May 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.voanews.com/content/gunfire-blasts-heard-in-eastern-ukraine/1905925.html">the original</a> on 2 May 2014. Retrieved 2 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ukraine+Chaos+Spreads+to+Odessa+as+38+Killed+in+Fire+Related+to+Unrest&rft.date=2014-05-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.voanews.com%2Fcontent%2Fgunfire-blasts-heard-in-eastern-ukraine%2F1905925.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+pro-Russian+unrest+in+Ukraine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-timer-277"><a href="#cite_ref-timer_277-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160312231336/http://timer-odessa.net/news/ofitsial_no_na_kulikovom_pole_pogib_31_chelovek_na_grecheskoy_chetvero_ostorojno_foto_415.html">"Официально: на Куликовом поле погиб 31 человек, на Греческой – четверо (осторожно, фото) • Таймер"</a>. timer.od.ua. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timer-odessa.net/news/ofitsial_no_na_kulikovom_pole_pogib_31_chelovek_na_grecheskoy_chetvero_ostorojno_foto_415.html">the original</a> on 12 March 2016. Retrieved 3 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9E%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%3A+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B1+31+%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%2C+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%E2%80%93+%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE+%28%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE%2C+%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%29+%E2%80%A2+%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80&rft.pub=timer.od.ua&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimer-odessa.net%2Fnews%2Fofitsial_no_na_kulikovom_pole_pogib_31_chelovek_na_grecheskoy_chetvero_ostorojno_foto_415.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+pro-Russian+unrest+in+Ukraine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-freedHQBBC-278">^ <a href="#cite_ref-freedHQBBC_278-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-freedHQBBC_278-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-27276120">"Ukraine crisis: Odessa detainees freed as police HQ attacked"</a>. BBC News. 4 May 2014. Retrieved 4 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Ukraine+crisis%3A+Odessa+detainees+freed+as+police+HQ+attacked&rft.date=2014-05-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-27276120&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+pro-Russian+unrest+in+Ukraine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-OSCE157-279">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OSCE157_279-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-OSCE157_279-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osce.org/ukraine-smm/121316">"Latest from the Special Monitoring Mission (SMM) in Ukraine based on information received until 18:00 hrs, 14 July"</a> (Press release). Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. 15 July 2014. Retrieved 17 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Latest+from+the+Special+Monitoring+Mission+%28SMM%29+in+Ukraine+based+on+information+received+until+18%3A00+hrs%2C+14+July&rft.pub=Organization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe&rft.date=2014-07-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.osce.org%2Fukraine-smm%2F121316&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+pro-Russian+unrest+in+Ukraine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bombing_Campaign_Dec14-280"><a href="#cite_ref-Bombing_Campaign_Dec14_280-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rferl.org/content/ukraine-bombing-campaign-odesa-kharkiv-mariupol-kyiv/26783218.html">News Analysis: Bombing Campaign Opens New Front In Battle For Ukraine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radio_Free_Europe/Radio_Liberty" title="Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty">Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty</a> (9 January 2015) </li> <li id="cite_note-Shkiryak-281">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Shkiryak_281-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shkiryak_281-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mashable.com/2014/12/27/ukraine-blasts/">Two dead after Ukraine rocked by series of blasts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mashable" title="Mashable">Mashable</a> (28 December 2014) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/241835.html">Interior minister's advisor says Kharkiv, Odesa explosions aim at escalating tensions in Ukraine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interfax-Ukraine" title="Interfax-Ukraine">Interfax-Ukraine</a> (25 December 2014) </li> <li id="cite_note-282"><a href="#cite_ref-282">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.themoscowtimes.com/news/article/bomb-explosion-in-odessa-could-have-targeted-volunteer-organization-for-ukraine-army/513053.html">Bomb Explosion in Odessa Could Have Targeted Ukraine Army Charity Point</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Moscow_Times" title="The Moscow Times">The Moscow Times</a> (10 December 2014) </li> <li id="cite_note-10292343BPR-283">^ <a href="#cite_ref-10292343BPR_283-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-10292343BPR_283-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unian.info/politics/10292343-ukrainian-mp-was-in-2015-set-to-take-lead-of-bessarabian-people-s-republic-sbu-chief.html">Ukrainian MP was in 2015 set to take lead of "Bessarabian People's Republic" – SBU chief</a>, <a href="/wiki/UNIAN" class="mw-redirect" title="UNIAN">UNIAN</a> (9 October 2018) </li> <li id="cite_note-284"><a href="#cite_ref-284">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140305021021/http://www.ukrinform.ua/rus/news/v_dnepropetrovske_sostoyalis_dva_mitinga_za_i_protiv_novoy_vlasti_1608502">"В Днепропетровске состоялись два митинга: за и против новой власти"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ukrinform.ua/rus/news/v_dnepropetrovske_sostoyalis_dva_mitinga_za_i_protiv_novoy_vlasti_1608502">the original</a> on 5 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%92+%D0%94%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5+%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C+%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%3A+%D0%B7%D0%B0+%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2+%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ukrinform.ua%2Frus%2Fnews%2Fv_dnepropetrovske_sostoyalis_dva_mitinga_za_i_protiv_novoy_vlasti_1608502&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+pro-Russian+unrest+in+Ukraine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-285"><a href="#cite_ref-285">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.liga.net/news/politics/1268209-v_donetske_vyshli_na_miting_okolo_dvukh_tysyach_separatistov.htm"><bdi lang="ru">В Донецке и Харькове сепаратисты вышли на митинг</bdi></a> (in Russian). 6 April 2014. Retrieved 16 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%D0%92+%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5+%D0%B8+%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5+%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B+%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3&rft.date=2014-04-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.liga.net%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2F1268209-v_donetske_vyshli_na_miting_okolo_dvukh_tysyach_separatistov.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+pro-Russian+unrest+in+Ukraine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-286"><a href="#cite_ref-286">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006093040/http://www.euronews.com/2014/04/06/ukraine-pro-russian-protesters-storm-buildings-in-cities-close-to-russia-border/">"Ukraine: Pro-Russian protesters storm buildings in cities close to Russia border"</a>. euronews. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.euronews.com/2014/04/06/ukraine-pro-russian-protesters-storm-buildings-in-cities-close-to-russia-border/">the original</a> on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 1 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=euronews&rft.atitle=Ukraine%3A+Pro-Russian+protesters+storm+buildings+in+cities+close+to+Russia+border&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.euronews.com%2F2014%2F04%2F06%2Fukraine-pro-russian-protesters-storm-buildings-in-cities-close-to-russia-border%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+pro-Russian+unrest+in+Ukraine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-287"><a href="#cite_ref-287">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unian.net/politics/888686-v-kerchi-mitinguyuschie-sorvali-ukrainskiy-flag-i-merii-i-povesili-rossiyskiy.html">"В Керчи митингующие сорвали украинский флаг и мэрии и повесили российский : Новости УНИАН (In Kerch protesters tore down Ukrainian flag at the mayor's office and hung Russian flag)"</a> (in Russian). Ukrainian Independent Information Agency. Retrieved 24 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%D0%92+%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B8+%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%8E%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D1%84%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3+%D0%B8+%D0%BC%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%3A+%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8+%D0%A3%D0%9D%D0%98%D0%90%D0%9D+%28In+Kerch+protesters+tore+down+Ukrainian+flag+at+the+mayor%27s+office+and+hung+Russian+flag%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unian.net%2Fpolitics%2F888686-v-kerchi-mitinguyuschie-sorvali-ukrainskiy-flag-i-merii-i-povesili-rossiyskiy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+pro-Russian+unrest+in+Ukraine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-288"><a href="#cite_ref-288">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">The Donbas Conflict in Ukraine: Elites, Protest, and Partition. Routledge. 2021. p. 89. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781003213710" title="Special:BookSources/9781003213710"><bdi>9781003213710</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Donbas+Conflict+in+Ukraine%3A+Elites%2C+Protest%2C+and+Partition&rft.pages=89&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=9781003213710&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+pro-Russian+unrest+in+Ukraine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-news.liga.net-289"><a href="#cite_ref-news.liga.net_289-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.liga.net/news/politics/992435-v_khersone_proshel_miting_protiv_nasiliya_i_fashizma_v_ukraine.htm">"В Херсоне прошел пророссийский митинг (In Kherson, pro-Russian rally)"</a>. 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Retrieved 11 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Liga+News&rft.atitle=%D0%92+%D0%A5%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BB+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3+%28In+Kherson%2C+pro-Russian+rally%29&rft.date=2014-03-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.liga.net%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2F992435-v_khersone_proshel_miting_protiv_nasiliya_i_fashizma_v_ukraine.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+pro-Russian+unrest+in+Ukraine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-290"><a href="#cite_ref-290">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2014/03/9/7018219/">"У Луганську мітингарі-русофіли змусили нового губернатора піти у відставку – ЗМІ; Українська правда"</a>. Ukrainska Pravda. 9 March 2014. Retrieved 28 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ukrainska+Pravda&rft.atitle=%D0%A3+%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%83+%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96-%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%B7%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0+%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B8+%D1%83+%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D1%83+%E2%80%93+%D0%97%D0%9C%D0%86%3B+%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B0&rft.date=2014-03-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pravda.com.ua%2Fnews%2F2014%2F03%2F9%2F7018219%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+pro-Russian+unrest+in+Ukraine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-291"><a href="#cite_ref-291">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140427000104/http://mariupol-life.com.ua/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D1%8B-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8E%D1%82-%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%A4%D0%9E%D0%A2%D0%9E.html">"Мариупольцы поддерживают Севастополь"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mariupol-life.com.ua/Город/Мариупольцы-поддерживают-Севастополь-ФОТО.html">the original</a> on 27 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D1%8B+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8E%D1%82+%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmariupol-life.com.ua%2F%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%2F%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D1%8B-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8E%D1%82-%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%A4%D0%9E%D0%A2%D0%9E.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+pro-Russian+unrest+in+Ukraine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-292"><a href="#cite_ref-292">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mariupolnews.com.ua/descr/43475">Сегодня в Мариуполе состоялся многотысячный митинг</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140309230524/http://www.mariupolnews.com.ua/descr/43475">Archived</a> 9 March 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Mariupolnews.com.ua. Retrieved 1 May 2014. </li> <li id="cite_note-wave-293">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wave_293-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-wave_293-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/ukraine_in_russian/2014/03/140305_ru_s_donetsk_kharkiv_unrest">"На востоке и юге Украины началась новая волна митингов"</a> (in Russian). BBC. 5 March 2014. Retrieved 15 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%D0%9D%D0%B0+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5+%D0%B8+%D1%8E%D0%B3%D0%B5+%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C+%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.date=2014-03-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fukrainian%2Fukraine_in_russian%2F2014%2F03%2F140305_ru_s_donetsk_kharkiv_unrest&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+pro-Russian+unrest+in+Ukraine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-294"><a href="#cite_ref-294">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dumskaya.net/news/50-kadrov--033169/ua/">"50 кадров: как в Одессе митинговали в поддержку России"</a>. dumskaya.net. Retrieved 23 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dumskaya.net&rft.atitle=50+%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%3A+%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA+%D0%B2+%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5+%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%B2+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%BA%D1%83+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdumskaya.net%2Fnews%2F50-kadrov--033169%2Fua%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+pro-Russian+unrest+in+Ukraine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-295"><a href="#cite_ref-295">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConal_Urquhart2014" class="citation web cs1">Conal Urquhart (3 January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/mar/01/crimea-crisis-deepens-as-russia-and-ukraine-ready-forces-live-updates">"UN security council in emergency meeting after Russian parliament approves use of military against Ukraine- live updates"</a>. theguardian.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140301212545/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/mar/01/crimea-crisis-deepens-as-russia-and-ukraine-ready-forces-live-updates">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2014. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dumskaya.net/news/palatochnyj-gorodok-na-kulikovom-pole-sobiralis--040119/ua/">the original</a> on 23 May 2024. Retrieved 23 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dumskaya.net&rft.atitle=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F+2+%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%8F%3A+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C+%D0%BE+%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5+%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdumskaya.net%2Fnews%2Fpalatochnyj-gorodok-na-kulikovom-pole-sobiralis--040119%2Fua%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+pro-Russian+unrest+in+Ukraine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-300"><a href="#cite_ref-300">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140331150934/https://www.segodnya.ua/regions/odessa/v-odesse-prorossiyskie-aktivisty-napali-na-storonnikov-evromaydana-506463.html">"В Одессе пророссийские активисты напали на сторонников Евромайдана"</a> [In Odessa, pro-Russian activists attacked supporters of Euromaidan] (in Russian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.segodnya.ua/regions/odessa/v-odesse-prorossiyskie-aktivisty-napali-na-storonnikov-evromaydana-506463.html">the original</a> on 31 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%92+%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.segodnya.ua%2Fregions%2Fodessa%2Fv-odesse-prorossiyskie-aktivisty-napali-na-storonnikov-evromaydana-506463.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+pro-Russian+unrest+in+Ukraine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-301"><a href="#cite_ref-301">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/feb/26/ukraine-new-leader-disbands-riot-police-crimea-separatism">"Russia puts military on high alert as Crimea protests leave one man dead"</a>. 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Retrieved 28 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Russia+puts+military+on+high+alert+as+Crimea+protests+leave+one+man+dead&rft.date=2014-02-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2014%2Ffeb%2F26%2Fukraine-new-leader-disbands-riot-police-crimea-separatism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+pro-Russian+unrest+in+Ukraine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-302"><a href="#cite_ref-302">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhudikova2014" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Khudikova, Larisa (27 February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vesti.ru/article/1856765">"Политики: оборона Севастополя начинается в Симферополе"</a> [Politicians: the defence of Sevastopol begins in Simferopol]. vesti.ru (in Russian). <a href="/wiki/Russia-24" title="Russia-24">Russia-24</a>. 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News of Donbas (in Russian). 17 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=News+of+Donbas&rft.atitle=At+a+rally+for+the+unity+of+Ukraine+in+Donetsk+came+five+thousand+people&rft.date=2014-04-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnovosti.dn.ua%2Fdetails%2F223060%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+pro-Russian+unrest+in+Ukraine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-308"><a href="#cite_ref-308">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tsn.ua/politika/u-donecku-blizko-7-tisyach-lyudey-viyshli-na-miting-za-yednist-ukrayini-345917.html">"У Донецьку близько 7 тисяч людей вийшли на мітинг за єдність України – Політика – ТСН.ua"</a>. Tsn.ua. 17 April 2014. 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Retrieved 15 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Ukraine+crisis%3A+EU+expand+sanction+list+to+keep+pressure+on+Russia&rft.date=2014-05-11&rft.au=AP+4%3A42AM+BST+13+May+2014&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Feurope%2Fukraine%2F10826465%2FUkraine-crisis-EU-expand-sanction-list-to-keep-pressure-on-Russia.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+pro-Russian+unrest+in+Ukraine" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-393"><a href="#cite_ref-393">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mobile.reuters.com/article/topNews/idUSBREA390K320140410?irpc=932">Russia, EU, Ukraine, U.S. to meet in Geneva next week for talks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a> (10 April 2014) </li> <li id="cite_note-genevastatement-394"><a href="#cite_ref-genevastatement_394-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2014/04/224957.htm">"Geneva Statement on Ukraine"</a>. 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Retrieved 3 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nbnews.com.ua&rft.atitle=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D1%81+%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnbnews.com.ua%2Fru%2Fnews%2F120059%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+pro-Russian+unrest+in+Ukraine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-479"><a href="#cite_ref-479">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/high-ranking-russian-intelligence-agent-caught-outside-kyiv-claiming-to-be-fsb-general-photos-369280.html">Alleged Russian intelligence agent caught outside Kyiv claiming to be FSB general (PHOTOS)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Post" title="Kyiv Post">Kyiv Post</a> (24 October 2014) </li> <li id="cite_note-480"><a href="#cite_ref-480">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLuhn2014" class="citation news cs1">Luhn, Alec (17 April 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/apr/17/ukrainian-oligarch-offers-financial-rewards-russians-igor-kolomoisky">"Ukrainian oligarch offers bounty for capture of Russian 'saboteurs'"</a>. The Guardian.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Ukrainian+oligarch+offers+bounty+for+capture+of+Russian+%27saboteurs%27&rft.date=2014-04-17&rft.aulast=Luhn&rft.aufirst=Alec&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2014%2Fapr%2F17%2Fukrainian-oligarch-offers-financial-rewards-russians-igor-kolomoisky&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+pro-Russian+unrest+in+Ukraine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-481"><a href="#cite_ref-481">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unn.com.ua/ru/news/1333381-i-kolomoyskiy-zaplativ-pershu-vinagorodu-za-diversanta-d-timchuk">И.Коломойский заплатил первое вознаграждение за диверсанта – Д.Тымчук. Информационное агентство Украинские Национальные Новости (УНН). Все онлайн новости дня в Украине за сегодня – самые свежие, последние</a>. Unn.com.ua. Retrieved 1 May 2014. </li> <li id="cite_note-482"><a href="#cite_ref-482">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/kolomoisky-promises-a-reward-for-fighting-against-separatists-343970.html">Kolomoisky promises cash rewards for fighting pro-Russian separatists</a>". <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Post" title="Kyiv Post">Kyiv Post</a>. 17 April 2014. </li> <li id="cite_note-483"><a href="#cite_ref-483">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedailybeast.com/ukraines-billionaire-bounty-hunting-club">Ukraine's Billionaire Bounty-Hunting Club</a>". <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Beast" title="The Daily Beast">The Daily Beast</a>. 19 April 2014. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine">2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBowen2017" class="citation journal cs1">Bowen, Andrew (2017). "Coercive Diplomacy and the Donbas: Explaining Russian Strategy in Eastern Ukraine". Journal of Strategic Studies. 42 (3–4): 312–343. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F01402390.2017.1413550">10.1080/01402390.2017.1413550</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:158522112">158522112</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Strategic+Studies&rft.atitle=Coercive+Diplomacy+and+the+Donbas%3A+Explaining+Russian+Strategy+in+Eastern+Ukraine&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E3%E2%80%93%3C%2Fspan%3E4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E312-%3C%2Fspan%3E343&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F01402390.2017.1413550&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A158522112%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Bowen&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+pro-Russian+unrest+in+Ukraine" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHosaka2019" class="citation journal cs1">Hosaka, Sanshiro (27 November 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/nationalities-papers/article/abs/welcome-tosurkovs-theater-russian-political-technology-in-the-donbaswar/B06C4BD46E958A48F07C877EFECCB3A0">"Welcome to Surkov's Theater: Russian Political Technology in the Donbas War"</a>. Nationalities Papers. 47 (5): 750–773. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fnps.2019.70">10.1017/nps.2019.70</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0090-5992">0090-5992</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nationalities+Papers&rft.atitle=Welcome+to+Surkov%27s+Theater%3A+Russian+Political+Technology+in+the+Donbas+War&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E750-%3C%2Fspan%3E773&rft.date=2019-11-27&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fnps.2019.70&rft.issn=0090-5992&rft.aulast=Hosaka&rft.aufirst=Sanshiro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fjournals%2Fnationalities-papers%2Farticle%2Fabs%2Fwelcome-tosurkovs-theater-russian-political-technology-in-the-donbaswar%2FB06C4BD46E958A48F07C877EFECCB3A0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014+pro-Russian+unrest+in+Ukraine" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2014/04/224957.htm">Geneva Statement on Ukraine</a> – US State Department release, 17 April 2014</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0QGFZev_h7g">Why do some Ukrainians want to be part of Russia?</a> – <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a> report, 24 April 2014</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141110102048/http://www.foi.se/ReportFiles/foir_3892.pdf">Implications of Russia's aggression against Ukraine</a> – Study by the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Defence_Research_Agency" title="Swedish Defence Research Agency">Swedish Defence Research Agency</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Links_to_related_articles92" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Euromaidan" title="Template:Euromaidan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Euromaidan" title="Template talk:Euromaidan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Euromaidan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Euromaidan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Euromaidan_and_the_Revolution_of_Dignity221" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Euromaidan" title="Euromaidan">Euromaidan</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Revolution_of_Dignity" title="Revolution of Dignity">Revolution of Dignity</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:#eeeeee;"><div>21 November 2013 – 23 February 2014</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Main topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Euromaidan" title="Timeline of the Euromaidan">Timeline of the Euromaidan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_responses_to_the_Euromaidan" title="Domestic responses to the Euromaidan">Domestic responses to the Euromaidan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_Euromaidan" title="International reactions to the Euromaidan">International reactions to the Euromaidan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casualties_during_the_2013%E2%80%932014_Ukraine_crisis" title="Casualties during the 2013–2014 Ukraine crisis">Casualties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maidan_casualties" title="Maidan casualties">Heavenly Hundred</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Heavenly_Hundred_Heroes" title="Order of the Heavenly Hundred Heroes">Order of the Heavenly Hundred Heroes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demolition_of_monuments_to_Vladimir_Lenin_in_Ukraine" title="Demolition of monuments to Vladimir Lenin in Ukraine">Damaged communist monuments</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Ukraine_EU.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Ukraine_EU.svg/89px-Ukraine_EU.svg.png" decoding="async" width="89" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Ukraine_EU.svg/134px-Ukraine_EU.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Ukraine_EU.svg/178px-Ukraine_EU.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1186" data-file-height="798" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Main events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1_December_2013_Euromaidan_riots" class="mw-redirect" title="1 December 2013 Euromaidan riots">1 December 2013 riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin_monument,_Kyiv" title="Vladimir Lenin monument, Kyiv">Fall of the monument to Lenin in Kyiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11_December_2013_Euromaidan_assault" title="11 December 2013 Euromaidan assault">11 December 2013 assault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17_December_2013_Russian%E2%80%93Ukrainian_action_plan" title="17 December 2013 Russian–Ukrainian action plan">Ukrainian–Russian action plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Maidan" title="Anti-Maidan">Anti-Maidan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasylkiv_terrorists_case" class="mw-redirect" title="Vasylkiv terrorists case">Vasylkiv terrorists case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-protest_laws_in_Ukraine" title="Anti-protest laws in Ukraine">Anti-protest laws in Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Odesa_clashes" title="2014 Odesa clashes">2014 Odesa clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Hrushevskoho_Street_riots" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 Hrushevskoho Street riots">2014 Hrushevskoho Street riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Euromaidan_regional_state_administration_occupations" title="2014 Euromaidan regional state administration occupations">2014 RSA occupations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agreement_on_settlement_of_political_crisis_in_Ukraine" title="Agreement on settlement of political crisis in Ukraine">Agreement on settlement of political crisis in Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolution_of_Dignity" title="Revolution of Dignity">Revolution of Dignity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Aftermath</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2014 pro-Russian unrest</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine" title="Timeline of the 2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine">Timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">Russian military intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">2014 annexation of Crimea by Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Timeline of the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">Timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Donbas" title="War in Donbas">War in Donbas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Yatsenyuk_government" title="First Yatsenyuk government">First Yatsenyuk government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lustration_in_Ukraine" title="Lustration in Ukraine">Lustration in Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decommunization_in_Ukraine" title="Decommunization in Ukraine">Decommunization in Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2014_Ukrainian_presidential_election" title="2014 Ukrainian presidential election">2014 Ukrainian presidential election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Ukrainian_local_elections" title="2014 Ukrainian local elections">2014 Ukrainian local elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Kyiv_local_election" title="2014 Kyiv local election">2014 Kyiv local election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Crimean_status_referendum" title="2014 Crimean status referendum">2014 Crimean status referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Donbas_status_referendums" title="2014 Donbas status referendums">2014 Donbas status referendums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Ukrainian_parliamentary_election" title="2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election">2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Main places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maidan_Nezalezhnosti" title="Maidan Nezalezhnosti">Maidan Nezalezhnosti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mezhyhirya_Residence" title="Mezhyhirya Residence">Mezhyhirya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khreshchatyk" title="Khreshchatyk">Khreshchatyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lypky" title="Lypky">Lypky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bankova_Street" title="Bankova Street">Bankova Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Square_(Kyiv)" title="European Square (Kyiv)">European Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hrushevsky_Street_(Kyiv)" title="Hrushevsky Street (Kyiv)">Hrushevskoho Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valeriy_Lobanovskyi_Dynamo_Stadium" title="Valeriy Lobanovskyi Dynamo Stadium">Dynamo Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyiv_City_Council" title="Kyiv City Council">Kyiv City Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_Unions_Building_(Kyiv)" title="Trade Unions Building (Kyiv)">Trade Unions Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_House" title="Ukrainian House">Ukrainian House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariinskyi_Park" title="Mariinskyi Park">Mariinskyi Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_Palace" title="October Palace">October Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Conservatory" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyiv Conservatory">Kyiv Conservatory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">European integration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Ukraine–European Union relations">Ukraine–European Union relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Partnership" title="Eastern Partnership">Eastern Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Association_Agreement" title="European Union Association Agreement">European Union Association Agreement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Union%E2%80%93Ukraine_Association_Agreement" title="European Union–Ukraine Association Agreement">European Union–Ukraine Association Agreement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Ukraine" title="Constitution of Ukraine">Constitution of Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Protest figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eeeeee; vertical-align: middle">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maidan_People%27s_Union" title="Maidan People's Union">Maidan People's Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euromaidan_Press" title="Euromaidan Press">Euromaidan Press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verkhovna_Rada" title="Verkhovna Rada">Parliamentary</a> opposition parties <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batkivshchyna" title="Batkivshchyna">Batkivshchyna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svoboda_(political_party)" title="Svoboda (political party)">Svoboda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Democratic_Alliance_for_Reform" title="Ukrainian Democratic Alliance for Reform">UDAR</a></li></ul></li> <li>Other parties <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Ukrainian_Nationalists" title="Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists">Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Alliance_(Ukraine)" title="Democratic Alliance (Ukraine)">Democratic Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_National_Assembly_%E2%80%93_Ukrainian_People%27s_Self-Defence" title="Ukrainian National Assembly – Ukrainian People's Self-Defence">UNA–UNSO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_Party_(Ukraine)#United_Left_and_Peasants" title="Justice Party (Ukraine)">United Left and Peasants</a></li></ul></li> <li>Civic organizations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automaidan" title="Automaidan">Automaidan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_Control" title="Road Control">Road Control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidsich" title="Vidsich">Vidsich</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mejlis_of_the_Crimean_Tatar_People" title="Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People">Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People</a></li> <li>Militant groups <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Resistance" title="Autonomous Resistance">Autonomous Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_Sector" title="Right Sector">Right Sector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spilna_Sprava" title="Spilna Sprava">Spilna Sprava</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eeeeee; vertical-align: middle">Lead figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vitali_Klitschko" title="Vitali Klitschko">Vitali Klitschko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arseniy_Yatsenyuk" title="Arseniy Yatsenyuk">Arseniy Yatsenyuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleh_Tyahnybok" title="Oleh Tyahnybok">Oleh Tyahnybok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petro_Poroshenko" title="Petro Poroshenko">Petro Poroshenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuriy_Lutsenko" title="Yuriy Lutsenko">Yuriy Lutsenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Turchynov" title="Oleksandr Turchynov">Oleksandr Turchynov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yulia_Tymoshenko" title="Yulia Tymoshenko">Yulia Tymoshenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andriy_Parubiy" title="Andriy Parubiy">Andriy Parubiy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andriy_Sadovyi" title="Andriy Sadovyi">Andriy Sadovyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsen_Avakov" title="Arsen Avakov">Arsen Avakov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruslana" title="Ruslana">Ruslana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetiana_Chornovol" title="Tetiana Chornovol">Tetiana Chornovol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmytro_Bulatov" title="Dmytro Bulatov">Dmytro Bulatov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmytro_Yarosh" title="Dmytro Yarosh">Dmytro Yarosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refat_Chubarov" title="Refat Chubarov">Refat Chubarov</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Anti-protest figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eeeeee; vertical-align: middle">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Azarov_government" title="Second Azarov government">Second Azarov government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Internal_Affairs_(Ukraine)" title="Ministry of Internal Affairs (Ukraine)">Ministry of Internal Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_Troops_of_Ukraine" title="Internal Troops of Ukraine">Internal Troops of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_Service_of_Ukraine" title="Security Service of Ukraine">Security Service of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkut_(special_police_force)" title="Berkut (special police force)">Berkut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Militsiya_(Ukraine)" title="Militsiya (Ukraine)">Militsiya (Ukraine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_Regions" title="Party of Regions">Party of Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titushky" title="Titushky">Titushky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_Wolves" title="Night Wolves">Night Wolves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Cossacks" title="Don Cossacks">Don Cossacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antimaidan" class="mw-redirect" title="Antimaidan">Antimaidan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eeeeee; vertical-align: middle">Lead figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Yanukovych" title="Viktor Yanukovych">Viktor Yanukovych</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykola_Azarov" title="Mykola Azarov">Mykola Azarov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serhiy_Arbuzov" title="Serhiy Arbuzov">Serhiy Arbuzov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitaliy_Zakharchenko" title="Vitaliy Zakharchenko">Vitaliy Zakharchenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Yefremov" title="Oleksandr Yefremov">Oleksandr Yefremov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andriy_Klyuyev" title="Andriy Klyuyev">Andriy Klyuyev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hennadiy_Kernes" title="Hennadiy Kernes">Hennadiy Kernes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykhailo_Dobkin" title="Mykhailo Dobkin">Mykhailo Dobkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Pshonka" title="Viktor Pshonka">Viktor Pshonka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olena_Lukash" title="Olena Lukash">Olena Lukash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuriy_Boyko" title="Yuriy Boyko">Yuriy Boyko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Kozhara" title="Leonid Kozhara">Leonid Kozhara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmytro_Tabachnyk" title="Dmytro Tabachnyk">Dmytro Tabachnyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Klymenko_(politician)" title="Oleksandr Klymenko (politician)">Oleksandr Klymenko</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Russo-Ukrainian_War287" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Template:Russo-Ukrainian War"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Template talk:Russo-Ukrainian War"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Russo-Ukrainian War"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Russo-Ukrainian_War287" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">Russo-Ukrainian War</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">Dissolution of the Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_Fleet_dispute" title="Black Sea Fleet dispute">Black Sea Fleet dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budapest_Memorandum" title="Budapest Memorandum">Budapest Memorandum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Tuzla_Island_conflict" title="2003 Tuzla Island conflict">2003 Tuzla Island conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_Revolution" title="Orange Revolution">Orange Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Munich_speech_of_Vladimir_Putin" title="2007 Munich speech of Vladimir Putin">2007 Munich speech of Vladimir Putin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Ukraine_gas_disputes" title="Russia–Ukraine gas disputes">Russia–Ukraine gas disputes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euromaidan" title="Euromaidan">Euromaidan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolution_of_Dignity" title="Revolution of Dignity">Revolution of Dignity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putinism" title="Putinism">Putinism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foundations_of_Geopolitics" title="Foundations of Geopolitics">Foundations of Geopolitics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruscism" title="Ruscism">Ruscism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_irredentism" title="Russian irredentism">Russian irredentism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_imperialism" title="Russian imperialism">Russian imperialism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Outline of the Russo-Ukrainian War">Main events</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Timeline of the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine" title="Timeline of the 2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Odesa_clashes" title="2014 Odesa clashes">2014 Odesa clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Donbas" title="War in Donbas">War in Donbas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Russian_units_which_invaded_the_territory_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Russian units which invaded the territory of Ukraine">List of Russian units which invaded the territory of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerch_Strait_incident" title="Kerch Strait incident">Kerch Strait incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagnergate" title="Wagnergate">Wagnergate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prelude_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Prelude to the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Prelude to the Russian invasion of Ukraine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_the_2021%E2%80%932022_Russo-Ukrainian_crisis" title="Reactions to the 2021–2022 Russo-Ukrainian crisis">reactions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_annexation_of_Donetsk,_Kherson,_Luhansk_and_Zaporizhzhia_oblasts" title="Russian annexation of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts">2022 Russian annexation referendums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Belgorod_Oblast_incursions" title="2023 Belgorod Oblast incursions">2023 Belgorod Oblast incursions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_the_Kakhovka_Dam" title="Destruction of the Kakhovka Dam">destruction of the Kakhovka Dam</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Impact and reactions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="International sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian War">International sanctions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_and_organizations_sanctioned_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of people and organizations sanctioned during the Russo-Ukrainian War">sanctioned people and organisations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022%E2%80%932023_Russia%E2%80%93European_Union_gas_dispute" title="2022–2023 Russia–European Union gas dispute">2022–2023 Russia–European Union gas dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_aid_to_Ukraine_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of military aid to Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Military aid to Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSCE_Special_Monitoring_Mission_to_Ukraine" title="OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine">OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Support_for_the_Sovereignty,_Integrity,_Democracy,_and_Economic_Stability_of_Ukraine_Act_of_2014" title="Support for the Sovereignty, Integrity, Democracy, and Economic Stability of Ukraine Act of 2014">Act of 2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="China and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">China and the Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="North Korea and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">North Korea and the Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Iran and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Iran and the Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="United States and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">United States and the Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_v._Russian_Federation_(2019)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukraine v. Russian Federation (2019)">ICJ case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian-occupied_territories_of_Ukraine" title="Russian-occupied territories of Ukraine">ORDLO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-terrorist_Operation_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-terrorist Operation Zone">ATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_war_in_Donbas" title="International reactions to the war in Donbas">International reactions to the war in Donbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casualties_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Casualties of the Russo-Ukrainian War">Casualties of the Russo-Ukrainian War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_journalists_killed_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of journalists killed during the Russo-Ukrainian War">journalists killed</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_fighters_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Foreign fighters in the Russo-Ukrainian War">Foreign fighters in the Russo-Ukrainian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Crimean_status_referendum" title="2014 Crimean status referendum">2014 Crimean status referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Crimea" title="Political status of Crimea">Political status of Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Black_Sea_incident" title="2021 Black Sea incident">2021 Black Sea incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021%E2%80%932023_global_supply_chain_crisis" title="2021–2023 global supply chain crisis">2021–2023 global supply chain crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Economic impact of the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Economic impact of the Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Ukraine_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Ukraine to the European Union">Eurointegration of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_imagery_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Soviet imagery during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Soviet imagery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_Democracy_Defense_Lend-Lease_Act_of_2022" title="Ukraine Democracy Defense Lend-Lease Act of 2022">Lend-Lease (2022)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_expulsions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Diplomatic expulsions during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Diplomatic expulsions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_spies_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russian spies in the Russo-Ukrainian War">Russian spies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICC_arrest_warrants_for_Vladimir_Putin_and_Maria_Lvova-Belova" class="mw-redirect" title="ICC arrest warrants for Vladimir Putin and Maria Lvova-Belova">ICC arrest warrant for Vladimir Putin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagner_Group_rebellion" title="Wagner Group rebellion">Wagner Group rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_people_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="LGBT people in the Russo-Ukrainian War">LGBT people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lukoil_oil_transit_dispute" title="Lukoil oil transit dispute">Lukoil oil transit dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_energy_crisis" title="Ukrainian energy crisis">Ukrainian energy crisis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_cyberwarfare" title="Russo-Ukrainian cyberwarfare">Cyberwarfare</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2015_Ukraine_power_grid_hack" title="2015 Ukraine power grid hack">2015 Ukraine power grid hack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Kyiv_cyberattack" title="2016 Kyiv cyberattack">2016 Kyiv cyberattack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surkov_leaks" title="Surkov leaks">2016 Surkov leaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Ukraine_ransomware_attacks" title="2017 Ukraine ransomware attacks">2017 Ukraine ransomware attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Ukraine_cyberattacks" title="2022 Ukraine cyberattacks">2022 Ukraine cyberattacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IT_Army_of_Ukraine" title="IT Army of Ukraine">IT Army of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anonymous_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Anonymous and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">2022 activities of Anonymous against Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Ukrainian_cyberattacks_against_Russia" title="2024 Ukrainian cyberattacks against Russia">2024 Ukrainian cyberattacks against Russia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Little_green_men_(Russo-Ukrainian_War)" title="Little green men (Russo-Ukrainian War)">Little green men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_media_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Social media in the Russo-Ukrainian War">Social media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_portrayal_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Media portrayal of the Russo-Ukrainian War">Media portrayal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disinformation_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Disinformation in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Disinformation in the 2022 invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Propaganda in Russia">Propaganda in Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Russo-Ukrainian_War_films" title="List of Russo-Ukrainian War films">Films</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations" title="Russia–Ukraine relations">Russia–Ukraine relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_language_in_Ukraine" title="Russian language in Ukraine">Russian language in Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demolition_of_monuments_to_Vladimir_Lenin_in_Ukraine" title="Demolition of monuments to Vladimir Lenin in Ukraine">Demolition of monuments to Vladimir Lenin in Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_anti-war_protests_in_Russia" title="2014 anti-war protests in Russia">2014 anti-war protests in Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruscism" title="Ruscism">Ruscism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Moscow%E2%80%93Constantinople_schism" title="2018 Moscow–Constantinople schism">2018 Moscow–Constantinople schism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_control_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Territorial control during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Control of cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_aircraft_losses_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of aircraft losses during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Aircraft losses during the Russo-Ukrainian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ship_losses_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of ship losses during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Ship losses during the Russo-Ukrainian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova_and_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Moldova and the Russo-Ukrainian War">Moldova and the Russo-Ukrainian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_and_electronic_warfare" title="Ukraine and electronic warfare">Ukraine and electronic warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_conscription_crisis" title="Ukrainian conscription crisis">Ukrainian conscription crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_abductions_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Child abductions in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Forced transfer of Ukrainian children to Russia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Category:Russo-Ukrainian War">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation141" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Template:Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Template talk:Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation141" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Part of the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">Russo-Ukrainian War</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Timeline of the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="International reactions to the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">International reaction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_units_in_the_2014_Crimean_crisis" title="List of military units in the 2014 Crimean crisis">List of military units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="International sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian War">International sanctions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_sanctioned_during_the_Ukrainian_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="List of people sanctioned during the Ukrainian crisis">List of sanctioned individuals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_that_applied_sanctions_during_the_Crimean_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="List of companies that applied sanctions during the Crimean crisis">List of companies that applied sanctions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_anti-war_protests_in_Russia" title="2014 anti-war protests in Russia">2014 anti-war protests in Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reaction_of_Russian_intelligentsia_to_the_2014_annexation_of_Crimea" title="Reaction of Russian intelligentsia to the 2014 annexation of Crimea">Reaction of Russian intelligentsia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Crimean_status_referendum" title="2014 Crimean status referendum">2014 Crimean status referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_68/262" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution 68/262">UN General Assembly Resolution 68/262</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_Independence_of_the_Republic_of_Crimea" title="Declaration of Independence of the Republic of Crimea">Declaration of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Crimea_(Russia)" title="Republic of Crimea (Russia)">Republic of Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Republic_of_Crimea" title="Constitution of the Republic of Crimea">2014 Constitution of Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Crimea" title="Political status of Crimea">Political status</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Federal_District" title="Crimean Federal District">Crimean Federal District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_the_Russian_occupation_of_Crimea" title="Environmental impact of the Russian occupation of Crimea">Environmental impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_speech_of_Vladimir_Putin" title="Crimean speech of Vladimir Putin">Crimean speech of Vladimir Putin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medal_%22For_the_Return_of_Crimea%22" title="Medal "For the Return of Crimea"">Medal "For the Return of Crimea"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_the_Crimean_Parliament" title="Capture of the Crimean Parliament">Capture of the Crimean Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Southern_Naval_Base" title="Capture of Southern Naval Base">Capture of Southern Naval Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Simferopol_incident" title="2014 Simferopol incident">2014 Simferopol incident</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Crimea" title="History of Crimea">History of Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Empire">1783 annexation by Russian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_People%27s_Republic" title="Crimean People's Republic">Crimean People's Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">1921–1945 Crimean ASSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deportation_of_the_Crimean_Tatars" title="Deportation of the Crimean Tatars">1944 deportation of the Crimean Tatars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Crimean Oblast">1945–1991 Crimean Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_transfer_of_Crimea" class="mw-redirect" title="1954 transfer of Crimea">1954 transfer of Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991%E2%80%931992_Crimean_ASSR" class="mw-redirect" title="1991–1992 Crimean ASSR">1991–1992 Crimean ASSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Crimea_(1992_to_1995)" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Crimea (1992 to 1995)">Republic of Crimea (1992 to 1995)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_constitution_of_Crimea" class="mw-redirect" title="1992 constitution of Crimea">1992 constitution of Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_Fleet_dispute" title="Black Sea Fleet dispute">Black Sea Fleet dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Republic_of_Crimea" title="Autonomous Republic of Crimea">Autonomous Republic of Crimea (since 1995)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Crimea" title="President of Crimea">1994–1995 President of Crimea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yuriy_Meshkov" title="Yuriy Meshkov">Yuriy Meshkov</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budapest_Memorandum" title="Budapest Memorandum">1994 Budapest Memorandum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_Treaty_on_the_Status_and_Conditions_of_the_Black_Sea_Fleet" title="Partition Treaty on the Status and Conditions of the Black Sea Fleet">1997 Partition Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Constitution_of_Crimea" class="mw-redirect" title="1998 Constitution of Crimea">1998 Constitution of Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Tuzla_Island_conflict" title="2003 Tuzla Island conflict">2003 Tuzla Island conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_anti-NATO_protests_in_Feodosia" title="2006 anti-NATO protests in Feodosia">2006 anti-NATO protests in Feodosia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_Pact" title="Kharkiv Pact">2010 Kharkiv Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_policy_in_Ukraine#Bill_"On_the_principles_of_the_State_language_policy"" title="Language policy in Ukraine">2012 law on languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euromaidan" title="Euromaidan">2013–2014 Euromaidan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolution_of_Dignity" title="Revolution of Dignity">Revolution of Dignity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/40th_G7_summit" title="40th G7 summit">40th G7 summit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simferopol" title="Simferopol">Simferopol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simferopol_International_Airport" title="Simferopol International Airport">Simferopol Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Building_of_the_Supreme_Council_of_Crimea" title="Building of the Supreme Council of Crimea">Building of the Supreme Council of Crimea</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sevastopol_International_Airport" title="Sevastopol International Airport">Belbek Airport</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Bridge" title="Crimean Bridge">Crimean Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donuzlav" title="Donuzlav">Donuzlav</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_cruiser_Ochakov" title="Russian cruiser Ochakov">Ochakov</a> scuttling</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perevalne" title="Perevalne">Perevalne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armiansk" title="Armiansk">Armiansk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzhankoi" title="Dzhankoi">Dzhankoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chonhar" title="Chonhar">Chonhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Krym" title="Port Krym">Port Krym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strilkove" title="Strilkove">Strilkove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabat_Spit" title="Arabat Spit">Arabat Spit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novofedorivka" title="Novofedorivka">Novofedorivka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pro-Russian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Verkhovna_Rada_of_Crimea" title="Verkhovna Rada of Crimea">Supreme Council of Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_of_Crimea" title="Council of Ministers of Crimea">Council of Ministers of Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sevastopol_City_Council" title="Sevastopol City Council">Sevastopol City Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Armed_Forces" title="Russian Armed Forces">Russian Armed Forces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_Fleet" title="Black Sea Fleet">Black Sea Fleet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Airborne_Troops" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Airborne Troops">Russian Airborne Troops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_green_men_(Russo-Ukrainian_War)" title="Little green men (Russo-Ukrainian War)">Little green men</a></li></ul></li> <li>Crimean <a href="/wiki/Berkut_(special_police_force)" title="Berkut (special police force)">Berkut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Unity" title="Russian Unity">Russian Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_Wolves" title="Night Wolves">Night Wolves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuban_Cossacks" title="Kuban Cossacks">Kuban Cossacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Choice" title="Ukrainian Choice">Ukrainian Choice</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lead figures (Russia)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Medvedev" title="Dmitry Medvedev">Dmitry Medvedev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Shoigu" class="mw-redirect" title="Sergey Shoigu">Sergey Shoigu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladislav_Surkov" title="Vladislav Surkov">Vladislav Surkov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Lavrov" title="Sergey Lavrov">Sergey Lavrov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valery_Gerasimov" title="Valery Gerasimov">Valery Gerasimov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Sergun" title="Igor Sergun">Igor Sergun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Vitko" title="Aleksandr Vitko">Aleksandr Vitko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleg_Belaventsev" title="Oleg Belaventsev">Oleg Belaventsev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rustam_Minnikhanov" title="Rustam Minnikhanov">Rustam Minnikhanov</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lead figures (Crimea)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Aksyonov" title="Sergey Aksyonov">Sergey Aksyonov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Konstantinov_(politician)" title="Vladimir Konstantinov (politician)">Vladimir Konstantinov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natalia_Poklonskaya" title="Natalia Poklonskaya">Natalia Poklonskaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rustam_Temirgaliev" title="Rustam Temirgaliev">Rustam Temirgaliev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Berezovsky" title="Denis Berezovsky">Denis Berezovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Yeliseyev_(admiral)" title="Sergei Yeliseyev (admiral)">Sergei Yeliseyev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksei_Chaly" title="Aleksei Chaly">Aleksei Chaly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Bezler" title="Igor Bezler">Igor Besler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pro-Ukrainian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Yatsenyuk_government" title="First Yatsenyuk government">Yatsenyuk government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verkhovna_Rada" title="Verkhovna Rada">Parliamentary</a> parties <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All-Ukrainian_Union_%22Fatherland%22" class="mw-redirect" title="All-Ukrainian Union "Fatherland"">Batkivshchyna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_(political_party)" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom (political party)">Svoboda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Democratic_Alliance_for_Reform" title="Ukrainian Democratic Alliance for Reform">UDAR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Ukraine" title="Armed Forces of Ukraine">Armed Forces of Ukraine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Ground_Forces" title="Ukrainian Ground Forces">Ukrainian Ground Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Navy" title="Ukrainian Navy">Ukrainian Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Guard_of_Ukraine" title="National Guard of Ukraine">National Guard of Ukraine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mejlis_of_the_Crimean_Tatar_People" title="Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People">Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_Sector" title="Right Sector">Right Sector</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lead figures (Ukraine)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Turchynov" title="Oleksandr Turchynov">Oleksandr Turchynov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arseniy_Yatsenyuk" title="Arseniy Yatsenyuk">Arseniy Yatsenyuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andriy_Parubiy" title="Andriy Parubiy">Andriy Parubiy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsen_Avakov" title="Arsen Avakov">Arsen Avakov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valentyn_Nalyvaichenko" title="Valentyn Nalyvaichenko">Valentyn Nalyvaichenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ihor_Tenyukh" title="Ihor Tenyukh">Ihor Tenyukh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykhailo_Kutsyn" title="Mykhailo Kutsyn">Mykhailo Kutsyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serhiy_Hayduk" title="Serhiy Hayduk">Serhiy Hayduk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lead figures (Crimea)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Dzhemilev" title="Mustafa Dzhemilev">Mustafa Dzhemilev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refat_Chubarov" title="Refat Chubarov">Refat Chubarov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0lmi_%C3%9Cmerov" title="İlmi Ümerov">İlmi Ümerov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahtem_Chiygoz" title="Ahtem Chiygoz">Ahtem Chiygoz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serhiy_Kunitsyn" title="Serhiy Kunitsyn">Serhiy Kunitsyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuliy_Mamchur" title="Yuliy Mamchur">Yuliy Mamchur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="War_in_Donbas_(2014–2022)268" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:War_in_Donbas" title="Template:War in Donbas"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:War_in_Donbas" title="Template talk:War in Donbas"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:War_in_Donbas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:War in Donbas"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="War_in_Donbas_(2014–2022)268" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/War_in_Donbas" title="War in Donbas">War in Donbas (2014–2022)</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Part of the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">Russo-Ukrainian War</a></li> <li>Followed by the <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_aircraft_losses_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of aircraft losses during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Aircraft losses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_situation_during_the_war_in_Donbas" title="Humanitarian situation during the war in Donbas">Humanitarian situation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_war_in_Donbas" title="International reactions to the war in Donbas">International reactions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="International sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Sanctions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_and_organizations_sanctioned_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of people and organizations sanctioned during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Sanctioned people</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSCE_Special_Monitoring_Mission_to_Ukraine" title="OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine">OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trilateral_Contact_Group_on_Ukraine" title="Trilateral Contact Group on Ukraine">Trilateral Contact Group on Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_volunteer_movement_helping_Ukrainian_forces_in_the_war_in_Donbas" title="Civil volunteer movement helping Ukrainian forces in the war in Donbas">Civil volunteer movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_green_men_(Russo-Ukrainian_War)" title="Little green men (Russo-Ukrainian War)">Little green men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-terrorist_Operation_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-terrorist Operation Zone">Anti-terrorist Operation Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil%E2%80%93military_administrations_(Ukraine)" title="Civil–military administrations (Ukraine)">Civil–military administrations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2014)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2014)">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2015)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2015)">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2016)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2016)">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2017)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2017)">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2018)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2018)">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2019)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2019)">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2020)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2020)">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2021)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2021)">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2022)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2022)">2022</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Battles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Artemivsk" title="Battle of Artemivsk">Battle of Artemivsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sloviansk" title="Siege of Sloviansk">Siege of Sloviansk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kramatorsk" title="Battle of Kramatorsk">Battle of Kramatorsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mariupol_(2014)" title="Battle of Mariupol (2014)">Battle of Mariupol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Sievierodonetsk_(2014)" title="Battles of Sievierodonetsk (2014)">Battles of Sievierodonetsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Karlivka" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Karlivka">Battle of Karlivka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Donetsk_Airport" title="First Battle of Donetsk Airport">1st Battle of Donetsk Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_the_Luhansk_border_base" title="Siege of the Luhansk border base">Siege of the Luhansk border base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Krasnyi_Lyman" title="Battle of Krasnyi Lyman">Battle of Krasnyi Lyman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zelenopillia_rocket_attack" title="Zelenopillia rocket attack">Zelenopillia rocket attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_in_Shakhtarsk_Raion" title="Battle in Shakhtarsk Raion">Battle in Shakhtarsk Raion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Horlivka" title="Battle of Horlivka">Battle of Horlivka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ilovaisk" title="Battle of Ilovaisk">Battle of Ilovaisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novosvitlivka_refugee_convoy_attack" title="Novosvitlivka refugee convoy attack">Novosvitlivka refugee convoy attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Novoazovsk" title="Battle of Novoazovsk">Battle of Novoazovsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offensive_on_Mariupol_(September_2014)" title="Offensive on Mariupol (September 2014)">Mariupol offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Donetsk_Airport" title="Second Battle of Donetsk Airport">2nd Battle of Donetsk Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Debaltseve" title="Battle of Debaltseve">Battle of Debaltseve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shyrokyne_standoff" title="Shyrokyne standoff">Shyrokyne standoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Marinka_(2015)" title="Battle of Marinka (2015)">Battle of Marinka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Svitlodarsk" title="Battle of Svitlodarsk">Battle of Svitlodarsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Avdiivka_(2017)" title="Battle of Avdiivka (2017)">Battle of Avdiivka (2017)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2014_Donbas_status_referendums" title="2014 Donbas status referendums">Donbas status referendums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Ukrainian_Air_Force_Ilyushin_Il-76_shootdown" title="2014 Ukrainian Air Force Ilyushin Il-76 shootdown">Ukrainian Air Force Il-76 shootdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelling_of_Donetsk,_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Shelling of Donetsk, Russia">Shelling of Donetsk, Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Russian_cross-border_shelling_of_Ukraine" title="2014 Russian cross-border shelling of Ukraine">2014 Russian cross-border shelling of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_17" title="Malaysia Airlines Flight 17">MH17 shoot-down</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_17_shootdown" title="International reactions to the Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 shootdown">reactions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_2166" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 2166">UNSC Resolution 2166</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Wales_summit" title="2014 Wales summit">NATO summit in Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minsk_agreements#Minsk_Protocol" title="Minsk agreements">Minsk Protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Donbas_general_elections" title="2014 Donbas general elections">Donbas general elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_G20_Brisbane_summit" title="2014 G20 Brisbane summit">2014 G20 Brisbane summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volnovakha_bus_attack" title="Volnovakha bus attack">Volnovakha bus attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2015_Mariupol_rocket_attack" title="January 2015 Mariupol rocket attack">Mariupol rocket attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2015_Kramatorsk_rocket_attack" title="February 2015 Kramatorsk rocket attack">Kramatorsk rocket attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minsk_agreements#Minsk_II" title="Minsk agreements">Minsk II ceasefire agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Kharkiv_bombing" title="2015 Kharkiv bombing">Kharkiv bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Zakharchenko#Death" title="Alexander Zakharchenko">Assassination of Alexander Zakharchenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Donbas_general_elections" title="2018 Donbas general elections">Donbas general elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_to_capitulation!" title="No to capitulation!">No to capitulation!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanytsia_Luhanska_kindergarten_bombing" title="Stanytsia Luhanska kindergarten bombing">Stanytsia Luhanska kindergarten bombing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Self-proclaimed states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /> <a href="/wiki/Donetsk_People%27s_Republic" title="Donetsk People's Republic">Donetsk People's Republic</a> (April 2014 – September 2022)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Luhansk_People%27s_Republic" title="Luhansk People's Republic">Luhansk People's Republic</a> (April 2014 – September 2022)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/War_flag_of_Novorussia.svg/23px-War_flag_of_Novorussia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/War_flag_of_Novorussia.svg/35px-War_flag_of_Novorussia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/War_flag_of_Novorussia.svg/45px-War_flag_of_Novorussia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Novorossiya_(confederation)" title="Novorossiya (confederation)">Novorossiya</a> (May 2014 – May 2015) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_recognition_of_the_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic_and_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic" title="International recognition of the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic">International recognition of the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">(Pro-) Russian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Armed_Forces" title="Russian Armed Forces">Russian Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagner_Group" title="Wagner Group">Wagner Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_separatist_forces_in_Donbas" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian separatist forces in Donbas">Separatist forces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_equipment_used_by_Russian_separatist_forces_of_the_war_in_Donbas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of equipment used by Russian separatist forces of the war in Donbas">List of equipment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_separatist_forces_in_Donbas#Luhansk_People's_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian separatist forces in Donbas">Army of the South-East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Army" title="Russian Orthodox Army">Russian Orthodox Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combatants_of_the_war_in_Donbas#Vostok_Battalion" title="Combatants of the war in Donbas">Vostok Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalmius_Brigade" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalmius Brigade">Kalmius Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sparta_Battalion" title="Sparta Battalion">Sparta Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somalia_Battalion" title="Somalia Battalion">Somalia Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prizrak_Brigade" title="Prizrak Brigade">Prizrak Brigade</a></li></ul></li> <li>Political parties and movements <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donetsk_Republic_(political_party)" class="mw-redirect" title="Donetsk Republic (political party)">Donetsk Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Russia_Party" title="New Russia Party">New Russia Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic" title="Communist Party of the Donetsk People's Republic">Communist Party of DPR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_to_Luhanshchina" class="mw-redirect" title="Peace to Luhanshchina">Peace to Luhanshchina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borotba" title="Borotba">Borotba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antifascist_Committee_of_Ukraine" title="Antifascist Committee of Ukraine">Antifascist Committee of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Choice" title="Ukrainian Choice">Ukrainian Choice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Other_Russia_of_E._V._Limonov" title="The Other Russia of E. V. Limonov">The Other Russia of E. V. Limonov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasian_Youth_Union" title="Eurasian Youth Union">Eurasian Youth Union</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_Wolves" title="Night Wolves">Night Wolves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Cossacks" title="Don Cossacks">Don Cossacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Research_Agency" title="Internet Research Agency">Internet Research Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Imperial_Movement" title="Russian Imperial Movement">Russian Imperial Movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lead figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Russian <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Medvedev" title="Dmitry Medvedev">Dmitry Medvedev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladislav_Surkov" title="Vladislav Surkov">Vladislav Surkov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Shoigu" title="Sergei Shoigu">Sergei Shoigu</a></li></ul></li> <li>Crimean <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Aksyonov" title="Sergey Aksyonov">Sergey Aksyonov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Konstantinov_(politician)" title="Vladimir Konstantinov (politician)">Vladimir Konstantinov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natalia_Poklonskaya" title="Natalia Poklonskaya">Natalia Poklonskaya</a></li></ul></li> <li>Donetsk <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Antyufeyev" title="Vladimir Antyufeyev">Vladimir Antyufeyev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Basurin" title="Eduard Basurin">Eduard Basurin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fyodor_Berezin" title="Fyodor Berezin">Fyodor Berezin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Bezler" title="Igor Bezler">Igor Bezler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Borodai" title="Alexander Borodai">Alexander Borodai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Chumachenko" title="Mikhail Chumachenko">Mikhail Chumachenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Girkin" title="Igor Girkin">Igor Girkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavel_Gubarev" title="Pavel Gubarev">Pavel Gubarev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekaterina_Gubareva" title="Ekaterina Gubareva">Ekaterina Gubareva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Khakimzyanov" title="Igor Khakimzyanov">Igor Khakimzyanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Khodakovsky" title="Alexander Khodakovsky">Alexander Khodakovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Kononov_(Donetsk_People%27s_Republic)" title="Vladimir Kononov (Donetsk People's Republic)">Vladimir Kononov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsen_Pavlov" title="Arsen Pavlov">Arsen Pavlov</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyacheslav_Ponomarev_(public_figure)" title="Vyacheslav Ponomarev (public figure)">Vyacheslav Ponomarev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Purgin" title="Andrei Purgin">Andrei Purgin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Pushilin" title="Denis Pushilin">Denis Pushilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Tolstykh" title="Mikhail Tolstykh">Mikhail Tolstykh</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Zakharchenko" title="Alexander Zakharchenko">Alexander Zakharchenko</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Zhurikov" title="Sergei Zhurikov">Sergei Zhurikov</a></li></ul></li> <li>Luhansk <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Bednov" title="Alexander Bednov">Alexander Bednov</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valery_Bolotov" title="Valery Bolotov">Valery Bolotov</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksey_Karyakin" title="Aleksey Karyakin">Aleksey Karyakin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Kharitonov_(politician)" title="Aleksandr Kharitonov (politician)">Aleksandr Kharitonov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsen_Klinchaev" title="Arsen Klinchaev">Arsen Klinchaev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Kozlov_(politician)" title="Sergey Kozlov (politician)">Sergey Kozlov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksey_Mozgovoy" title="Aleksey Mozgovoy">Aleksey Mozgovoy</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Pasechnik" title="Leonid Pasechnik">Leonid Pasechnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Plotnitsky" title="Igor Plotnitsky">Igor Plotnitsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gennadiy_Tsypkalov" title="Gennadiy Tsypkalov">Gennadiy Tsypkalov</a>†</li></ul></li> <li>Kharkiv <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yevhen_Zhylin" title="Yevhen Zhylin">Yevhen Zhylin</a>†</li></ul></li> <li>Others <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Dugin" title="Aleksandr Dugin">Aleksandr Dugin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelya_Shtepa" title="Nelya Shtepa">Nelya Shtepa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleg_Tsaryov" title="Oleg Tsaryov">Oleg Tsaryov</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ukrainian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Government of Ukraine <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Yatsenyuk_government" title="First Yatsenyuk government">1st Yatsenyuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Yatsenyuk_Government" title="Second Yatsenyuk Government">2nd Yatsenyuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groysman_Government" title="Groysman Government">Groysman</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Internal_Affairs_(Ukraine)" title="Ministry of Internal Affairs (Ukraine)">Ministry of Internal Affairs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Guard_of_Ukraine" title="National Guard of Ukraine">National Guard</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azov_Brigade" title="Azov Brigade">Azov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donbas_Battalion" title="Donbas Battalion">Donbas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Tasks_Patrol_Police" class="mw-redirect" title="Special Tasks Patrol Police">Patrol Police</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dnipro-1_Regiment" title="Dnipro-1 Regiment">Dnipro-1</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Ukraine" title="Armed Forces of Ukraine">Armed Forces of Ukraine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Ground_Forces" title="Ukrainian Ground Forces">Ukrainian Ground Forces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_territorial_defence_battalions" title="Ukrainian territorial defence battalions">Territorial defense battalions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aidar_Battalion" title="Aidar Battalion">Aidar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/39th_Motorized_Infantry_Battalion_(Ukraine)" title="39th Motorized Infantry Battalion (Ukraine)">Dnipro-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/40th_Motorized_Infantry_Battalion_(Ukraine)" title="40th Motorized Infantry Battalion (Ukraine)">Kryvbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/42nd_Motorized_Infantry_Battalion_(Ukraine)" title="42nd Motorized Infantry Battalion (Ukraine)">Rukh Oporu</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Air_Force" title="Ukrainian Air Force">Ukrainian Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Air_Assault_Forces" title="Ukrainian Air Assault Forces">Ukrainian Air Assault Forces</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_Service_of_Ukraine" title="Security Service of Ukraine">Security Service of Ukraine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Group_(Ukraine)" title="Alpha Group (Ukraine)">Alpha Group</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euromaidan_Press" title="Euromaidan Press">Euromaidan Press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Border_Guard_Service_of_Ukraine" title="State Border Guard Service of Ukraine">State Border Guard Service of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_volunteer_battalions" title="Ukrainian volunteer battalions">Volunteer battalions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Right_Sector" title="Right Sector">Right Sector</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lead figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Petro_Poroshenko" title="Petro Poroshenko">Petro Poroshenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Turchynov" title="Oleksandr Turchynov">Oleksandr Turchynov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arseniy_Yatsenyuk" title="Arseniy Yatsenyuk">Arseniy Yatsenyuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Groysman" title="Volodymyr Groysman">Volodymyr Groysman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andriy_Parubiy" title="Andriy Parubiy">Andriy Parubiy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsen_Avakov" title="Arsen Avakov">Arsen Avakov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitali_Klitschko" title="Vitali Klitschko">Vitali Klitschko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleh_Tyahnybok" title="Oleh Tyahnybok">Oleh Tyahnybok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuriy_Lutsenko" title="Yuriy Lutsenko">Yuriy Lutsenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valentyn_Nalyvaichenko" title="Valentyn Nalyvaichenko">Valentyn Nalyvaichenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valeriy_Heletey" title="Valeriy Heletey">Valeriy Heletey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stepan_Poltorak" title="Stepan Poltorak">Stepan Poltorak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykhailo_Koval" title="Mykhailo Koval">Mykhailo Koval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykhailo_Kutsyn" title="Mykhailo Kutsyn">Mykhailo Kutsyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleh_Makhnitskyi" title="Oleh Makhnitskyi">Oleh Makhnitskyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Muzhenko" title="Viktor Muzhenko">Viktor Muzhenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitaly_Yarema" title="Vitaly Yarema">Vitaly Yarema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleh_Liashko" title="Oleh Liashko">Oleh Liashko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmytro_Yarosh" title="Dmytro Yarosh">Dmytro Yarosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rinat_Akhmetov" title="Rinat Akhmetov">Rinat Akhmetov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ihor_Kolomoyskyi" title="Ihor Kolomoyskyi">Ihor Kolomoyskyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serhiy_Taruta" title="Serhiy Taruta">Serhiy Taruta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ihor_Baluta" title="Ihor Baluta">Ihor Baluta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semen_Semenchenko" title="Semen Semenchenko">Semen Semenchenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hennadiy_Moskal" title="Hennadiy Moskal">Hennadiy Moskal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadiya_Savchenko" title="Nadiya Savchenko">Nadiya Savchenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Tuka" title="George Tuka">George Tuka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavlo_Zhebrivskyi" title="Pavlo Zhebrivskyi">Pavlo Zhebrivskyi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine196" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Template:Russian invasion of Ukraine"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Template talk:Russian invasion of Ukraine"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Russian invasion of Ukraine"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine196" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Part of the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">Russo-Ukrainian War</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Overview4778" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Overview</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Outline of the Russo-Ukrainian War">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Timeline</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_prelude_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Timeline of the prelude to the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Prelude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(24_February_%E2%80%93_7_April_2022)" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February – 7 April 2022)">Feb – Apr 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(8_April_%E2%80%93_28_August_2022)" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine (8 April – 28 August 2022)">Apr – Aug 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(29_August_%E2%80%93_11_November_2022)" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine (29 August – 11 November 2022)">Aug – Nov 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(12_November_2022_%E2%80%93_7_June_2023)" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine (12 November 2022 – 7 June 2023)">Nov 2022 – Jun 2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(8_June_2023_%E2%80%93_31_August_2023)" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine (8 June 2023 – 31 August 2023)">Jun – Aug 2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(1_September_%E2%80%93_30_November_2023)" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine (1 September – 30 November 2023)">Sep – Nov 2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(1_December_2023_%E2%80%93_31_March_2024)" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine (1 December 2023 – 31 March 2024)">Dec 2023 – Mar 2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(1_April_%E2%80%93_31_July_2024)" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine (1 April – 31 July 2024)">Apr – Jul 2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(1_August_%E2%80%93_31_December_2024)" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine (1 August – 31 December 2024)">Aug – Dec 2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(1_January_2025_%E2%80%93_present)" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine (1 January 2025 – present)">Jan 2025 – present</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aerial_warfare_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Aerial warfare in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Aerial warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_defense_lines_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian defense lines during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Defense lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_fighters_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Foreign fighters in the Russo-Ukrainian War">Foreign fighters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_information_war_against_Ukraine" title="Russian information war against Ukraine">Information war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_warfare_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Naval warfare in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Naval warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legality_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Legality of the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Legality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Russo-Ukrainian_War_detailed_map" title="Template:Russo-Ukrainian War detailed map">Map</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_order_of_battle" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine order of battle">Order of battle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_negotiations_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Peace negotiations in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Peace negotiations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine%27s_Peace_Formula" title="Ukraine's Peace Formula">Ukraine's Peace Formula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%27s_Position_on_the_Political_Settlement_of_the_Ukrainian_Crisis" title="China's Position on the Political Settlement of the Ukrainian Crisis">China peace proposal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2024_Ukraine_peace_summit" title="June 2024 Ukraine peace summit">June 2024 peace summit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_no-fly_zone_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Proposed no-fly zone in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Proposed no-fly zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_lines_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Red lines in the Russo-Ukrainian War">Red lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reparations_from_Russia_after_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Reparations from Russia after the Russo-Ukrainian War">Reparations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_control_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Territorial control during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Territorial control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Women in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prelude_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Prelude to the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Prelude</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_the_2021%E2%80%932022_Russo-Ukrainian_crisis" title="Reactions to the 2021–2022 Russo-Ukrainian crisis">Reactions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disinformation_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Disinformation in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Disinformation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_bioweapons_conspiracy_theory" title="Ukraine bioweapons conspiracy theory">Ukraine bioweapons conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="Ukraine and weapons of mass destruction">Ukraine and weapons of mass destruction</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Russia%E2%80%93United_States_summit" title="2021 Russia–United States summit">2021 Russia–United States summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Black_Sea_incident" title="2021 Black Sea incident">2021 Black Sea incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarus%E2%80%93European_Union_border_crisis" title="Belarus–European Union border crisis">Belarus–European Union border crisis</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/On_the_Historical_Unity_of_Russians_and_Ukrainians" title="On the Historical Unity of Russians and Ukrainians">On the Historical Unity of Russians and Ukrainians</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimea_Platform" title="Crimea Platform">Crimea Platform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapad_2021" title="Zapad 2021">Zapad 2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2021_Russian_ultimatum_to_NATO" title="December 2021 Russian ultimatum to NATO">December 2021 ultimatum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Ukraine_cyberattacks" title="2022 Ukraine cyberattacks">2022 Ukraine cyberattacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zametil_2022" title="Zametil 2022">Zametil 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Resolve_2022" title="Union Resolve 2022">Union Resolve 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanytsia_Luhanska_kindergarten_bombing" title="Stanytsia Luhanska kindergarten bombing">Stanytsia Luhanska kindergarten bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British%E2%80%93Polish%E2%80%93Ukrainian_trilateral_pact" title="British–Polish–Ukrainian trilateral pact">British–Polish–Ukrainian trilateral pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_evacuation_of_the_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic_and_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic" title="2022 evacuation of the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic">Evacuation of the Donetsk PR and Luhansk PR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_mobilization_in_the_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic_and_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic" title="2022 mobilization in the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic">Mobilization in Donetsk PR and Luhansk PR</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Address_concerning_the_events_in_Ukraine" title="Address concerning the events in Ukraine">Address concerning the events in Ukraine</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/On_conducting_a_special_military_operation" title="On conducting a special military operation">On conducting a special military operation</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">Dissolution of the Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">Annexation of Crimea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="International reactions to the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">reactions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Donbas" title="War in Donbas">War in Donbas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2022)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2022)">2022 timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minsk_agreements" title="Minsk agreements">Minsk agreements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_situation_during_the_war_in_Donbas" title="Humanitarian situation during the war in Donbas">humanitarian situation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_recognition_of_the_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic_and_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic" title="International recognition of the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic">international recognition of the Donetsk PR and Luhansk PR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putinism" title="Putinism">Putinism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foundations_of_Geopolitics" title="Foundations of Geopolitics">Foundations of Geopolitics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novorossiya" title="Novorossiya">Novorossiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruscism" title="Ruscism">Ruscism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_irredentism" title="Russian irredentism">Russian irredentism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_imperialism" title="Russian imperialism">Russian imperialism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foreign relations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations" title="Russia–Ukraine relations">Russia–Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarus%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations" title="Belarus–Ukraine relations">Belarus–Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarus%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Belarus–Russia relations">Belarus–Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Russia–United States relations">Russia–United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Ukraine–United States relations">Ukraine–United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Russia–NATO relations">Russia–NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Ukraine–NATO relations">Ukraine–NATO</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_NATO" title="Enlargement of NATO">enlargement of NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Controversy_in_Russia_regarding_the_legitimacy_of_eastward_NATO_expansion" class="mw-redirect" title="Controversy in Russia regarding the legitimacy of eastward NATO expansion">eastward expansion controversy in Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO_open_door_policy" title="NATO open door policy">open door policy</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Military_engagements7617" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_engagements_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="List of military engagements during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Military engagements</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Ukraine_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Ukraine campaign">Southern Ukraine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Snake_Island_campaign" title="Snake Island campaign">Snake Island campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Mariupol" title="Siege of Mariupol">Siege of Mariupol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kherson" title="Battle of Kherson">Battle of Kherson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Melitopol" title="Capture of Melitopol">Capture of Melitopol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mykolaiv" title="Battle of Mykolaiv">Battle of Mykolaiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Enerhodar" title="Battle of Enerhodar">Battle of Enerhodar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Voznesensk" title="Battle of Voznesensk">Battle of Voznesensk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Huliaipole" title="Battle of Huliaipole">Battle of Huliaipole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Davydiv_Brid" title="Battle of Davydiv Brid">Battle of Davydiv Brid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Kherson_counteroffensive" title="2022 Kherson counteroffensive">Kherson counteroffensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_Kherson" title="Liberation of Kherson">Liberation of Kherson</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dnieper_campaign_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Dnieper campaign (2022–present)">Dnieper campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_the_Kakhovka_Dam" title="Destruction of the Kakhovka Dam">Destruction of the Kakhovka Dam</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Ukraine_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Ukraine campaign">Eastern Ukraine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Volnovakha" title="Battle of Volnovakha">Battle of Volnovakha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kharkiv_(2022)" title="Battle of Kharkiv (2022)">Battle of Kharkiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Izium" title="Battle of Izium">Battle of Izium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rubizhne" title="Battle of Rubizhne">Battle of Rubizhne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Popasna" title="Battle of Popasna">Battle of Popasna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Marinka_(2022%E2%80%932023)" title="Battle of Marinka (2022–2023)">Battle of Marinka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Donbas_(2022)" title="Battle of Donbas (2022)">Battle of Donbas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Siverskyi_Donets" title="Battle of the Siverskyi Donets">Battle of the Siverskyi Donets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sievierodonetsk_(2022)" title="Battle of Sievierodonetsk (2022)">Battle of Sievierodonetsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lysychansk" title="Battle of Lysychansk">Battle of Lysychansk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pisky" title="Battle of Pisky">Battle of Pisky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bakhmut" title="Battle of Bakhmut">Battle of Bakhmut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Soledar" title="Battle of Soledar">Battle of Soledar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vuhledar" title="Battle of Vuhledar">Battle of Vuhledar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Kharkiv_counteroffensive" title="2022 Kharkiv counteroffensive">Kharkiv counteroffensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lyman_(September%E2%80%93October_2022)" title="Battle of Lyman (September–October 2022)">Battle of Lyman (September–October 2022)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luhansk_Oblast_campaign" title="Luhansk Oblast campaign">Luhansk Oblast campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Avdiivka_(2023%E2%80%932024)" title="Battle of Avdiivka (2023–2024)">Battle of Avdiivka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chasiv_Yar" title="Battle of Chasiv Yar">Battle of Chasiv Yar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Krasnohorivka" title="Battle of Krasnohorivka">Battle of Krasnohorivka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ocheretyne" title="Battle of Ocheretyne">Battle of Ocheretyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Toretsk" title="Battle of Toretsk">Battle of Toretsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pokrovsk_offensive" title="Pokrovsk offensive">Pokrovsk offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kurakhove" title="Battle of Kurakhove">Battle of Kurakhove</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ukraine_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Ukraine campaign">Northern Ukraine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Antonov_Airport" title="Battle of Antonov Airport">Battle of Antonov Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Chernobyl" title="Capture of Chernobyl">Capture of Chernobyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kyiv_(2022)" title="Battle of Kyiv (2022)">Battle of Kyiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hostomel" title="Battle of Hostomel">Battle of Hostomel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bucha" title="Battle of Bucha">Battle of Bucha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Irpin" title="Battle of Irpin">Battle of Irpin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Makariv" title="Battle of Makariv">Battle of Makariv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Kyiv_convoy" title="Russian Kyiv convoy">Russian Kyiv convoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Moshchun" title="Battle of Moshchun">Battle of Moshchun</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_the_Kozarovychi_Dam" title="Destruction of the Kozarovychi Dam">Destruction of the Kozarovychi Dam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brovary" title="Battle of Brovary">Battle of Brovary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Slavutych" title="Battle of Slavutych">Battle of Slavutych</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sumy" title="Battle of Sumy">Battle of Sumy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Chernihiv" title="Siege of Chernihiv">Siege of Chernihiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_Ukraine%E2%80%93Russia_border_skirmishes" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeastern Ukraine–Russia border skirmishes">Northeastern border skirmishes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Attacks_in_Russia_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Attacks in Russia during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2023_Bryansk_Oblast_raid" title="2023 Bryansk Oblast raid">Bryansk Oblast raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kremlin_drone_attack" title="Kremlin drone attack">Kremlin drone attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/30_May_2023_Moscow_drone_strikes" title="30 May 2023 Moscow drone strikes">Moscow drone strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Belgorod_Oblast_incursions" title="2023 Belgorod Oblast incursions">2023 Belgorod Oblast incursions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/30_December_2023_Belgorod_shelling" title="30 December 2023 Belgorod shelling">30 December 2023 Belgorod shelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2024_Belgorod_missile_strike" title="February 2024 Belgorod missile strike">February 2024 Belgorod missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2024_Belgorod_missile_strike" class="mw-redirect" title="May 2024 Belgorod missile strike">May 2024 Belgorod missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2024_western_Russia_incursion" title="March 2024 western Russia incursion">March 2024 western Russia incursion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Kursk_offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 Kursk offensive">2024 Kursk offensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_occupation_of_Kursk_Oblast" title="Ukrainian occupation of Kursk Oblast">occupation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_for_Olgovskiy_Forest" title="Battles for Olgovskiy Forest">Battles for Olgovskiy Forest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toropets_depot_explosions" title="Toropets depot explosions">Toropets depot explosions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Airstrikes by city</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chernihiv_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Chernihiv strikes (2022–present)">Chernihiv strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dnipro_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Dnipro strikes (2022–present)">Dnipro strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivano-Frankivsk_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Ivano-Frankivsk strikes (2022–present)">Ivano-Frankivsk strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Kharkiv strikes (2022–present)">Kharkiv strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kherson_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Kherson strikes (2022–present)">Kherson strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmelnytskyi_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Khmelnytskyi strikes (2022–present)">Khmelnytskyi strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kryvyi_Rih_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Kryvyi Rih strikes (2022–present)">Kryvyi Rih strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyiv_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Kyiv strikes (2022–present)">Kyiv strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lviv_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Lviv strikes (2022–present)">Lviv strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykolaiv_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Mykolaiv strikes (2022–present)">Mykolaiv strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odesa_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Odesa strikes (2022–present)">Odesa strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivne_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Rivne strikes (2022–present)">Rivne strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinnytsia_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Vinnytsia strikes (2022–present)">Vinnytsia strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaporizhzhia_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Zaporizhzhia strikes (2022–present)">Zaporizhzhia strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhytomyr_attacks_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Zhytomyr attacks (2022–present)">Zhytomyr strikes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Airstrikes on military targets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chuhuiv_air_base_attack" title="Chuhuiv air base attack">Chuhuiv air base attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millerovo_air_base_attack" title="Millerovo air base attack">Millerovo air base attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Saky_air_base_attack" title="2022 Saky air base attack">Chornobaivka (Saky) attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7_March_2022_Mykolaiv_military_barracks_attack" title="7 March 2022 Mykolaiv military barracks attack">7 March 2022 Mykolaiv military barracks attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yavoriv_military_base_attack" title="Yavoriv military base attack">Yavoriv military base attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/18_March_2022_Mykolaiv_military_quarters_attack" title="18 March 2022 Mykolaiv military quarters attack">18 March 2022 Mykolaiv military quarters attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Berdiansk_port_attack" title="2022 Berdiansk port attack">Berdiansk port attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinking_of_the_Moskva" title="Sinking of the Moskva">Sinking of the Moskva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desna_barracks_airstrike" title="Desna barracks airstrike">Desna barracks airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_attack_on_Nova_Kakhovka" title="2022 attack on Nova Kakhovka">Attack on Nova Kakhovka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimea_attacks_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Crimea attacks (2022–present)">Crimea attacks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Novofedorivka_explosions" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Novofedorivka explosions">Novofedorivka explosions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_drone_attack_on_the_Sevastopol_Naval_Base" title="2022 drone attack on the Sevastopol Naval Base">Drone attack on the Sevastopol Naval Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missile_strike_on_the_Black_Sea_Fleet_headquarters" title="Missile strike on the Black Sea Fleet headquarters">Missile strike on the Black Sea Fleet headquarters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyagilevo_and_Engels_air_bases_attacks" title="Dyagilevo and Engels air bases attacks">Dyagilevo and Engels air bases attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makiivka_military_quarters_shelling" title="Makiivka military quarters shelling">Makiivka military quarters shelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machulishchy_air_base_attack" title="Machulishchy air base attack">Machulishchy air base attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarichne_barracks_airstrike" title="Zarichne barracks airstrike">Zarichne barracks airstrike</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Resistance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_resistance_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian resistance during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian-occupied Ukraine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Resistance_of_Ukraine" title="Popular Resistance of Ukraine">Popular Resistance of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berdiansk_Partisan_Army" title="Berdiansk Partisan Army">Berdiansk Partisan Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_Ribbon_(movement)" title="Yellow Ribbon (movement)">Yellow Ribbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atesh" title="Atesh">Atesh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_and_Russian_partisan_movement_(2022%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Belarusian and Russian partisan movement (2022–present)">Belarus and Russia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Vladlen_Tatarsky" title="Assassination of Vladlen Tatarsky">Assassination of Vladlen Tatarsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civic_Council_(Armed_Forces_of_Ukraine)" title="Civic Council (Armed Forces of Ukraine)">Civic Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irpin_Declaration" title="Irpin Declaration">Irpin Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darya_Dugina#Killing" title="Darya Dugina">Killing of Darya Dugina</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Republican_Army_(Russia)" title="National Republican Army (Russia)">National Republican Army</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_military_commissariats_attacks" title="Russian military commissariats attacks">Military commissariats arsons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ust-Ilimsk_military_commissariat_shooting" title="Ust-Ilimsk military commissariat shooting">Ust-Ilimsk military commissariat shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Bridge_(Russia)" title="Black Bridge (Russia)">Black Bridge</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_war_in_Russia_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Rail war in Russia (2022–present)">Rail war in Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stop_the_Wagons" title="Stop the Wagons">Stop the Wagons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_Organization_of_Anarcho-Communists" title="Combat Organization of Anarcho-Communists">Combat Organization of Anarcho-Communists</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_war_in_Belarus_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Rail war in Belarus (2022–present)">Rail war in Belarus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Busly_liacia%C4%87" title="Busly liaciać">Busly liaciać</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BYPOL" title="BYPOL">BYPOL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Railway_Workers_of_Belarus" title="Community of Railway Workers of Belarus">Community of Railway Workers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyber_Partisans" title="Cyber Partisans">Cyber Partisans</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Russian occupations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flags_used_in_Russian-occupied_Ukraine" title="Flags used in Russian-occupied Ukraine">Flags used in Russian-occupied Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ongoing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_annexation_referendums_in_Russian-occupied_Ukraine" title="2022 annexation referendums in Russian-occupied Ukraine">Annexation referendums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_annexation_of_Donetsk,_Kherson,_Luhansk_and_Zaporizhzhia_oblasts" title="Russian annexation of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts">Annexation of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_elections_in_Russian-occupied_Ukraine" title="2023 elections in Russian-occupied Ukraine">Elections in Russian-occupied Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian-occupied_territories_of_Ukraine" title="Russian-occupied territories of Ukraine">Russian-occupied territories of Ukraine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Crimea" title="Russian occupation of Crimea">Autonomous Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donetsk_People%27s_Republic" title="Donetsk People's Republic">Donetsk Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Kharkiv_Oblast" title="Russian occupation of Kharkiv Oblast">Kharkiv Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Kherson_Oblast" title="Russian occupation of Kherson Oblast">Kherson Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luhansk_People%27s_Republic" title="Luhansk People's Republic">Luhansk Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Mykolaiv_Oblast" title="Russian occupation of Mykolaiv Oblast">Mykolaiv Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Zaporizhzhia_Oblast" title="Russian occupation of Zaporizhzhia Oblast">Zaporizhzhia Oblast</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Previous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Chernihiv_Oblast" title="Russian occupation of Chernihiv Oblast">Chernihiv Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Kyiv_Oblast" title="Russian occupation of Kyiv Oblast">Kyiv Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snake_Island_campaign" title="Snake Island campaign">Odesa Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Sumy_Oblast" title="Russian occupation of Sumy Oblast">Sumy Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Zhytomyr_Oblast" title="Russian occupation of Zhytomyr Oblast">Zhytomyr Oblast</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Potentially related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2023_Black_Sea_drone_incident" title="2023 Black Sea drone incident">Black Sea drone incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_mystery_fires_(2022%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian mystery fires (2022–present)">Mystery fires in Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Nord_Stream_pipeline_sabotage" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Nord Stream pipeline sabotage">Nord Stream pipeline sabotage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Transnistria_attacks" title="2022 Transnistria attacks">Transnistria attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Zagreb_Tu-141_crash" title="2022 Zagreb Tu-141 crash">Zagreb Tu-141 crash</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Crimean_Bridge_explosion" title="2022 Crimean Bridge explosion">2022 Crimean Bridge explosion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Crimean_Bridge_explosion" title="2023 Crimean Bridge explosion">2023 Crimean Bridge explosion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_attempts_on_Volodymyr_Zelenskyy" title="Assassination attempts on Volodymyr Zelenskyy">Assassination attempts on Volodymyr Zelenskyy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chernobyl_Nuclear_Power_Plant_drone_strike" title="Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant drone strike">Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant drone strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prelude_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine#2022_Ukrainian_coup_d'etat_attempt" title="Prelude to the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Coup d'état attempt in Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridges_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Bridges in the Russo-Ukrainian War">Bridges in the Russo-Ukrainian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_drone" title="Dragon drone">Dragon drone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violations_of_non-combatant_airspaces_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Violations of non-combatant airspaces during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Violations of non-combatant airspaces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_missile_explosion_in_Poland" title="2022 missile explosion in Poland">Missile explosion in Poland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Synytsia" title="Operation Synytsia">Operation Synytsia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_and_electronic_warfare" title="Ukraine and electronic warfare">Ukraine and electronic warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use_of_long-range_weapons_by_Ukraine_in_Russia" title="Use of long-range weapons by Ukraine in Russia">Use of long-range weapons by Ukraine in Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Ukrainian_counteroffensive" title="2023 Ukrainian counteroffensive">2023 Ukrainian counteroffensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Ukrainian_cyberattacks_against_Russia" title="2024 Ukrainian cyberattacks against Russia">2024 Ukrainian cyberattacks against Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagner_Group_rebellion" title="Wagner Group rebellion">Wagner Group rebellion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="War_crimes4971" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="War crimes in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">War crimes</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accusations_of_genocide_in_Donbas" class="mw-redirect" title="Accusations of genocide in Donbas">Accusations of genocide in Donbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allegations_of_genocide_of_Ukrainians_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Allegations of genocide of Ukrainians in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Allegations of genocide of Ukrainians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Child_abductions_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Child abductions in the Russo-Ukrainian War">child abductions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_strikes_on_hospitals_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian strikes on hospitals during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Attacks on hospitals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use_of_cluster_munitions_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Use of cluster munitions in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Cluster munitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use_of_incendiary_weapons_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Use of incendiary weapons in the Russo-Ukrainian War">Incendiary weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landmines_in_Ukraine" title="Landmines in Ukraine">Landmines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_filtration_camps_for_Ukrainians" title="Russian filtration camps for Ukrainians">Russian filtration camps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_usage_of_mobile_crematoriums_in_Ukraine" title="Russian usage of mobile crematoriums in Ukraine">Russian mobile crematoriums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_theft_of_Ukrainian_grain" title="2022 Russian theft of Ukrainian grain">Russian theft of Ukrainian grain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_torture_chambers_in_Ukraine" title="Russian torture chambers in Ukraine">Russian torture chambers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Looting_by_Russian_forces_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Looting by Russian forces during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Looting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_violence_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Sexual violence in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Sexual violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treatment_of_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Treatment of prisoners of war in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Mistreatment of prisoners of war</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_civilians_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Attacks on civilians in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Attacks on civilians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_2022_Kharkiv_cluster_bombing" title="February 2022 Kharkiv cluster bombing">February 2022 Kharkiv cluster bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_government_building_airstrike" title="Kharkiv government building airstrike">Kharkiv government building airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_March_2022_Chernihiv_bombing" title="3 March 2022 Chernihiv bombing">3 March Chernihiv bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irpin_refugee_column_shelling" title="Irpin refugee column shelling">Irpin refugee column shelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariupol_hospital_airstrike" title="Mariupol hospital airstrike">Mariupol hospital airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stara_Krasnianka_care_house_attack" title="Stara Krasnianka care house attack">Stara Krasnianka care house attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykolaiv_cluster_bombing" title="Mykolaiv cluster bombing">Mykolaiv cluster bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2022_Donetsk_attack" title="March 2022 Donetsk attack">March 2022 Donetsk attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Borodianka" title="Bombing of Borodianka">2022 Borodianka airstrikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16_March_2022_Chernihiv_breadline_attack" title="16 March 2022 Chernihiv breadline attack">Chernihiv breadline attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariupol_theatre_airstrike" title="Mariupol theatre airstrike">Mariupol theatre airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyiv_shopping_centre_bombing" title="Kyiv shopping centre bombing">Kyiv shopping centre bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumykhimprom_ammonia_leak" title="Sumykhimprom ammonia leak">Sumykhimprom ammonia leak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2022_Kharkiv_cluster_bombing" title="March 2022 Kharkiv cluster bombing">March 2022 Kharkiv cluster bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykolaiv_government_building_missile_strike" title="Mykolaiv government building missile strike">Mykolaiv government building missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucha_massacre" title="Bucha massacre">Bucha massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kramatorsk_railway_station_attack" title="Kramatorsk railway station attack">Kramatorsk railway station attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2022_Kharkiv_cluster_bombing" title="April 2022 Kharkiv cluster bombing">April 2022 Kharkiv cluster bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilohorivka_school_bombing" title="Bilohorivka school bombing">Bilohorivka school bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_of_Andrii_Bohomaz" title="Shooting of Andrii Bohomaz">Shooting of Andrii Bohomaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maisky_Market_attack" title="Maisky Market attack">Maisky Market attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kremenchuk_shopping_mall_attack" title="Kremenchuk shopping mall attack">Kremenchuk shopping mall attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serhiivka_missile_strike" title="Serhiivka missile strike">Serhiivka missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chasiv_Yar_missile_strike" class="mw-redirect" title="Chasiv Yar missile strike">Chasiv Yar missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olenivka_prison_massacre" title="Olenivka prison massacre">Olenivka prison massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_dormitories_missile_strike" title="Kharkiv dormitories missile strike">Kharkiv dormitories missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaplyne_railway_station_attack" title="Chaplyne railway station attack">Chaplyne railway station attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izium_mass_graves" title="Izium mass graves">Izium mass graves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2022_Donetsk_attack" title="September 2022 Donetsk attack">September 2022 Donetsk attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaporizhzhia_civilian_convoy_attack" title="Zaporizhzhia civilian convoy attack">Zaporizhzhia civilian convoy attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kupiansk_civilian_convoy_shelling" title="Kupiansk civilian convoy shelling">Kupiansk civilian convoy shelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Zaporizhzhia_residential_building_airstrike" title="2022 Zaporizhzhia residential building airstrike">Zaporizhzhia residential building airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_strikes_against_Ukrainian_infrastructure_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Russian strikes against Ukrainian infrastructure (2022–present)">Russian strikes against Ukrainian infrastructure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Dnipro_residential_building_airstrike" title="2023 Dnipro residential building airstrike">2023 Dnipro residential building airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2023_Sloviansk_airstrike" title="April 2023 Sloviansk airstrike">Sloviansk airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Uman_missile_strike" title="2023 Uman missile strike">Uman missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Kramatorsk_restaurant_missile_strike" title="2023 Kramatorsk restaurant missile strike">Kramatorsk restaurant missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyman_cluster_bombing" title="Lyman cluster bombing">Lyman cluster bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Pokrovsk_missile_strike" title="2023 Pokrovsk missile strike">2023 Pokrovsk missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2023_Chernihiv_missile_strike" title="August 2023 Chernihiv missile strike">Chernihiv missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2023_Kostiantynivka_missile_strike" title="September 2023 Kostiantynivka missile strike">Kostiantynivka missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hroza_missile_attack" title="Hroza missile attack">Hroza missile attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volnovakha_massacre" title="Volnovakha massacre">Volnovakha massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/29_December_2023_Russian_strikes_on_Ukraine" title="29 December 2023 Russian strikes on Ukraine">December 2023 strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Pokrovsk_missile_strike" title="2024 Pokrovsk missile strike">2024 Pokrovsk missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Donetsk_attack" title="2024 Donetsk attack">2024 Donetsk attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Lysychansk_missile_strike" title="2024 Lysychansk missile strike">Lysychansk missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6_March_2024_Odesa_strike" title="6 March 2024 Odesa strike">6 March 2024 Odesa strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/22_March_2024_Russian_strikes_on_Ukraine" title="22 March 2024 Russian strikes on Ukraine">March 2024 strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/25_May_2024_Kharkiv_missile_strikes" title="25 May 2024 Kharkiv missile strikes">May 2024 Kharkiv strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyiv_children%27s_hospital_airstrike" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyiv children's hospital airstrike">8 July 2024 strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Kostiantynivka_supermarket_missile_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 Kostiantynivka supermarket missile attack">2024 Kostiantynivka supermarket missile attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/26_August_2024_Russian_strikes_on_Ukraine" title="26 August 2024 Russian strikes on Ukraine">26 August 2024 strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2024_Poltava_strike" title="September 2024 Poltava strike">September 2024 Poltava strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17_November_2024_Russian_strikes_on_Ukraine" title="17 November 2024 Russian strikes on Ukraine">November 2024 strikes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Crimes against soldiers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Torture_of_Russian_soldiers_in_Mala_Rohan" title="Torture of Russian soldiers in Mala Rohan">Torture of Russian soldiers in Mala Rohan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torture_and_castration_of_a_Ukrainian_POW_in_Pryvillia" title="Torture and castration of a Ukrainian POW in Pryvillia">Torture and castration of a Ukrainian POW in Pryvillia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rape_of_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic_soldiers_by_Kadyrovites" class="mw-redirect" title="Rape of Donetsk People's Republic soldiers by Kadyrovites">Rape of Donetsk People's Republic soldiers by Kadyrovites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Yevgeny_Nuzhin" title="Murder of Yevgeny Nuzhin">Murder of Yevgeny Nuzhin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makiivka_surrender_incident" title="Makiivka surrender incident">Makiivka surrender incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Execution_of_Oleksandr_Matsievskyi" title="Execution of Oleksandr Matsievskyi">Execution of Oleksandr Matsievskyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Ukrainian_prisoner_of_war_beheading" title="2022 Ukrainian prisoner of war beheading">2022 Ukrainian prisoner of war beheading</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legal cases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Ukraine" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Ukraine">ICC investigation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_arrest_warrants_for_Russian_figures" class="mw-redirect" title="International Criminal Court arrest warrants for Russian figures">Arrest warrants</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_v._Russian_Federation_(2022)" title="Ukraine v. Russian Federation (2022)">ICJ court case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Task_Force_on_Accountability_for_Crimes_Committed_in_Ukraine" title="Task Force on Accountability for Crimes Committed in Ukraine">Task Force on Accountability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_jurisdiction_investigations_of_war_crimes_in_Ukraine" title="Universal jurisdiction investigations of war crimes in Ukraine">Universal jurisdiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_international_tribunal_for_the_crime_of_aggression_(Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine)" title="Special international tribunal for the crime of aggression (Russian invasion of Ukraine)">Crime of aggression</a></li> <li>Criminal proceedings <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Vadim_Shishimarin" title="Trial of Vadim Shishimarin">Vadim Shishimarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Alexander_Bobikin_and_Alexander_Ivanov" title="Trial of Alexander Bobikin and Alexander Ivanov">Alexander Bobikin and Alexander Ivanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Anton_Cherednik" title="Trial of Anton Cherednik">Anton Cherednik</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Reactions16724" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Reactions to the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Reactions</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Government_and_intergovernmental_reactions_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Government and intergovernmental reactions to the Russian invasion of Ukraine">States and official entities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_sanctions_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="International sanctions during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Sanctions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_and_organizations_sanctioned_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of people and organizations sanctioned during the Russo-Ukrainian War">people and organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restrictions_on_transit_to_Kaliningrad_Oblast" title="Restrictions on transit to Kaliningrad Oblast">restrictions on transit to Kaliningrad Oblast</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_aid_to_Ukraine_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of military aid to Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Military aid</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Military_Assistance_Mission_in_support_of_Ukraine" title="European Union Military Assistance Mission in support of Ukraine">European Union Military Assistance Mission in support of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Bayraktar" title="People's Bayraktar">People's Bayraktar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signmyrocket.com" title="Signmyrocket.com">Signmyrocket.com</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_humanitarian_aid_to_Ukraine_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of humanitarian aid to Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Humanitarian aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yachts_impacted_by_international_sanctions_following_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Yachts impacted by international sanctions following the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Sanctioned yachts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Russia_since_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Foreign relations of Russia since the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Relations with Russia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ukraine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Ukraine–NATO relations">Application to NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Be_Brave_Like_Ukraine" title="Be Brave Like Ukraine">Be Brave Like Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brave1" title="Brave1">Brave1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bring_Kids_Back_UA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bring Kids Back UA (page does not exist)">Bring Kids Back UA</a> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bring_Kids_Back_UA" class="extiw" title="uk:Bring Kids Back UA">uk</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Ukraine_%22On_the_Protection_of_the_Constitutional_Order_in_the_Field_of_Activities_of_Religious_Organizations%22" title="Law of Ukraine "On the Protection of the Constitutional Order in the Field of Activities of Religious Organizations""> Ban on Russia-associated religious groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coordination_Headquarters_for_the_Treatment_of_Prisoners_of_War" title="Coordination Headquarters for the Treatment of Prisoners of War">Coordination Headquarters for the Treatment of Prisoners of War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_the_Condemnation_and_Prohibition_of_Propaganda_of_Russian_Imperial_Policy_in_Ukraine_and_the_Decolonization_of_Toponymy" title="On the Condemnation and Prohibition of Propaganda of Russian Imperial Policy in Ukraine and the Decolonization of Toponymy">Decolonization and derussification law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_(situational_awareness_system)" title="Delta (situational awareness system)">Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destroyed_Russian_military_equipment_exhibition" title="Destroyed Russian military equipment exhibition">Destroyed Russian military equipment exhibition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/For_Courage_and_Bravery_(Ukraine)" class="mw-redirect" title="For Courage and Bravery (Ukraine)">For Courage and Bravery (Ukraine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grain_From_Ukraine_program" title="Grain From Ukraine program">Grain From Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headquarters_of_the_Supreme_Commander-in-Chief" title="Headquarters of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief">Headquarters of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hero_City_of_Ukraine" title="Hero City of Ukraine">Hero City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I_Want_to_Live_(hotline)" title="I Want to Live (hotline)">I Want to Live</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Legion_(Ukraine)" title="International Legion (Ukraine)">International Legion</a> and other foreign units <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Volunteer_Corps" title="Belarusian Volunteer Corps">Belarusian Volunteer Corps</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terror_Battalion" title="Terror Battalion">Terror Battalion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Maple_Company" title="Black Maple Company">Black Maple Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian-Ukrainian_Brigade" title="Canadian-Ukrainian Brigade">Canadian-Ukrainian Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_Russia_Legion" title="Freedom of Russia Legion">Freedom of Russia Legion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Volunteer_Corps" title="German Volunteer Corps">German Volunteer Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karelian_National_Battalion" class="mw-redirect" title="Karelian National Battalion">Karelian National Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kastu%C5%9B_Kalino%C5%ADski_Regiment" title="Kastuś Kalinoŭski Regiment">Kastuś Kalinoŭski Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Brigade" title="Norman Brigade">Norman Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahonia_Regiment" title="Pahonia Regiment">Pahonia Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Volunteer_Corps" title="Polish Volunteer Corps">Polish Volunteer Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Battlegroup_Getica" title="Romanian Battlegroup Getica">Romanian Battlegroup Getica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Volunteer_Corps" title="Russian Volunteer Corps">Russian Volunteer Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separate_Special_Purpose_Battalion" title="Separate Special Purpose Battalion">Separate Special Purpose Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibir_Battalion" title="Sibir Battalion">Sibir Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turan_Battalion" title="Turan Battalion">Turan Battalion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Sponsors_of_War" title="International Sponsors of War">International Sponsors of War</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_on_forced_confiscation_of_Russian_property_in_Ukraine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law on forced confiscation of Russian property in Ukraine (page does not exist)">Forced confiscation law of Russian property</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%A4" class="extiw" title="ru:Украинский закон о принудительном изъятии имущества резидентов РФ">ru</a>; <a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%A4" class="extiw" title="uk:Український закон про примусове вилучення майна резидентів РФ">uk</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Look_for_Your_Own" title="Look for Your Own">Look for Your Own</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lukoil_oil_transit_dispute" title="Lukoil oil transit dispute">Lukoil sanctions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_law_in_Ukraine#2022_martial_law" title="Martial law in Ukraine">Martial law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobilization_in_Ukraine#2022" title="Mobilization in Ukraine">Mobilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_Center_Ukraine" title="Media Center Ukraine">Media Center Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Council_for_the_Recovery_of_Ukraine_from_the_War&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Council for the Recovery of Ukraine from the War (page does not exist)">National Council for the Recovery of Ukraine from the War</a> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%B7_%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2_%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Національна рада з відновлення України від наслідків війни">uk</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Multi-Subject_Test&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Multi-Subject Test (page does not exist)">National Multi-Subject Test</a> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82" class="extiw" title="uk:Національний мультипредметний тест">uk</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations" title="North Korea–Ukraine relations">North Korea–Ukraine relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Points_of_Invincibility" title="Points of Invincibility">Points of Invincibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_recognition_of_the_Chechen_Republic_of_Ichkeria" title="Ukrainian recognition of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria">Recognition of Ichkeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rescuer_City" title="Rescuer City">Rescuer City</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Save_Ukrainian_Culture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Save Ukrainian Culture (page does not exist)">Save Ukrainian Culture</a> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8C_%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%83_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83" class="extiw" title="uk:Збережіть українську культуру">uk</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations" title="Syria–Ukraine relations">Syria–Ukraine relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Freedom_Orchestra" title="Ukrainian Freedom Orchestra">Ukrainian Freedom Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United24" title="United24">United24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_News_(telethon)" title="United News (telethon)">United News</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Russia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>highways in the annexed territories <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A290_highway_(Russia)" title="A290 highway (Russia)">A290</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tavrida_Highway" title="Tavrida Highway">A291 "Tavrida"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R260_highway_(Russia)" title="R260 highway (Russia)">R260</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R280_highway_(Russia)" class="mw-redirect" title="R280 highway (Russia)">R280 "Novorossiya"</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Moscow_rally" title="2022 Moscow rally">2022 Moscow rally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Moscow_rally" title="2023 Moscow rally">2023 Moscow rally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Moscow_Victory_Day_Parade" title="2022 Moscow Victory Day Parade">2022 Moscow Victory Day Parade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Moscow_Victory_Day_Parade" title="2023 Moscow Victory Day Parade">2023 Moscow Victory Day Parade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Moscow_Victory_Day_Parade" title="2024 Moscow Victory Day Parade">2024 Moscow Victory Day Parade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Presidential_Address_to_the_Federal_Assembly" title="2023 Presidential Address to the Federal Assembly">2023 Presidential Address to the Federal Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_blockade_of_Ukraine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russian blockade of Ukraine (page does not exist)">Blockade of Ukraine</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2" class="extiw" title="ru:Российская блокада украинских портов">ru</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohdan_Khmelnytsky_Battalion" class="mw-redirect" title="Bohdan Khmelnytsky Battalion">Bohdan Khmelnytsky Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Censorship_in_Russia_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Censorship in Russia during the Russian invasion of Ukraine (page does not exist)">Censorship in Russia</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83" class="extiw" title="ru:Цензура в России во время вторжения на Украину">ru</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chechen_involvement_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Chechen involvement in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Chechnya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chechen_volunteers_on_the_side_of_Ukraine" title="Chechen volunteers on the side of Ukraine">Pro-Ukrainian Chechen fighters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conmemorative_Medal_%22Participant_of_a_Special_Military_Operation%22&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conmemorative Medal "Participant of a Special Military Operation" (page does not exist)">Conmemorative Medal "Participant of a Special Military Operation"</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C_%C2%AB%D0%A3%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%83_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8%C2%BB" class="extiw" title="ru:Памятная медаль «Участнику специальной военной операции»">ru</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conversations_about_Important_Things" title="Conversations about Important Things">Conversations about Important Things</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krasovsky_case" title="Krasovsky case">Krasovsky case</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legalization_of_parallel_imports_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Legalization of parallel imports in Russia (page does not exist)">Legalization of parallel imports</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="ru:Легализация параллельного импорта в России">ru</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manifesto_of_the_South_Russian_People%27s_Council" title="Manifesto of the South Russian People's Council">Manifesto of the South Russian People's Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_martial_law" title="2022 Russian martial law">Martial law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masha_Moskalyova_case" title="Masha Moskalyova case">Masha Moskalyova case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolis_of_Crimea" title="Metropolis of Crimea">Metropolis of Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Simonov_case" title="Mikhail Simonov case">Mikhail Simonov case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_mobilization" title="2022 Russian mobilization">Mobilization</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_irregular_forces_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russian irregular forces during the Russian invasion of Ukraine (page does not exist)">Recruitment of irregular forces</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8B,_%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%83%D1%8E%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83" class="extiw" title="ru:Нерегулярные вооружённые силы, участвующие во вторжении России на Украину">ru</a>]</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doppelganger_(disinformation_campaign)" title="Doppelganger (disinformation campaign)">Operation Doppelgänger</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Opinion_polling_in_Russia_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Opinion polling in Russia during the Russian invasion of Ukraine (page does not exist)">Opinion polling</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83" class="extiw" title="ru:Социологические опросы в России во время вторжения на Украину">ru</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Russian_Christmas_truce_proposal" title="2023 Russian Christmas truce proposal">Orthodox Christmas truce proposal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagner_Group%E2%80%93Ministry_of_Defense_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Wagner Group–Ministry of Defense conflict">Wagner Group–Ministry of Defense conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appeal_of_the_Clergy_of_the_Russian_Orthodox_Church_for_Reconciliation_and_an_End_to_War" title="Appeal of the Clergy of the Russian Orthodox Church for Reconciliation and an End to War">Russian Orthodox clergymen appeal against war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvation_Committee_for_Peace_and_Order" title="Salvation Committee for Peace and Order">Salvation Committee for Peace and Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Coordinating_Council_for_Security_Enhancement" title="Special Coordinating Council for Security Enhancement">Special Coordinating Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_bioweapons_conspiracy_theory" title="Ukraine bioweapons conspiracy theory">Ukraine bioweapons conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unfriendly_countries_list" title="Unfriendly countries list">Unfriendly countries list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_2022_war_censorship_laws" title="Russian 2022 war censorship laws">War censorship laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/We_Are_Together._Sports" title="We Are Together. Sports">We Are Together. Sports</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/What_Russia_Should_Do_with_Ukraine" title="What Russia Should Do with Ukraine">What Russia Should Do with Ukraine</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="United States and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">United States</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Joe_Biden_speech_in_Warsaw" title="2022 Joe Biden speech in Warsaw">2022 Joe Biden speech in Warsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2022 State of the Union Address">2022 State of the Union Address</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Appropriations_Act,_2022" title="Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022">Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Appropriations_Act,_2023" title="Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023">Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disinformation_Governance_Board" title="Disinformation Governance Board">Disinformation Governance Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_14071" title="Executive Order 14071">Executive Order 14071</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022%E2%80%932023_Pentagon_document_leaks" title="2022–2023 Pentagon document leaks">Pentagon document leaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Task_Force_KleptoCapture" title="Task Force KleptoCapture">Task Force KleptoCapture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_Defense_Contact_Group" title="Ukraine Defense Contact Group">Ukraine Defense Contact Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_Democracy_Defense_Lend-Lease_Act_of_2022" title="Ukraine Democracy Defense Lend-Lease Act of 2022">Ukraine Democracy Defense Lend-Lease Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_Security_Assistance_Initiative" title="Ukraine Security Assistance Initiative">Ukraine Security Assistance Initiative</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other countries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_involvement_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Belarusian involvement in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Belarus</a></li> <li>Canada <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Ukraine_authorization_for_emergency_travel" title="Canada–Ukraine authorization for emergency travel">Canada–Ukraine authorization for emergency travel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="China and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Axis_of_Upheaval" title="Axis of Upheaval">Closer ties with Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%27s_Position_on_the_Political_Settlement_of_the_Ukrainian_Crisis" title="China's Position on the Political Settlement of the Ukrainian Crisis">Chinese peace plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Hong Kong and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Hong Kong</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Influence_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War_on_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Influence of the Russo-Ukrainian War on Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li>Denmark <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Danish_European_Union_opt-out_referendum" title="2022 Danish European Union opt-out referendum">Danish European Union defence opt-out referendum</a></li></ul></li> <li>Federated States of Micronesia <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federated_States_of_Micronesia%E2%80%93Russia_relations&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Federated States of Micronesia–Russia relations (page does not exist)">Federated States of Micronesia–Russia relations</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="extiw" title="ru:Российско-микронезийские отношения">ru</a>]</li></ul></li> <li>France <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mission_Aigle" title="Mission Aigle">Mission Aigle</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Georgia and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Georgia</a></li> <li>Germany <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_Taurus_controversy" title="German Taurus controversy">German Taurus controversy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_Taurus_leak" title="German Taurus leak">Taurus leak</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeitenwende_speech" title="Zeitenwende speech">Zeitenwende speech</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Hungary and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="India and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Ganga" title="Operation Ganga">Operation Ganga</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Iran and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Iran</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Axis_of_Upheaval" title="Axis of Upheaval">Closer ties with Russia</a></li></ul></li> <li>Israel <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Israel_Guarantees" title="Operation Israel Guarantees">Operation Israel Guarantees</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Lithuania and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova_and_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Moldova and the Russo-Ukrainian War">Moldova</a></li> <li>New Zealand <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russia_Sanctions_Act_2022" title="Russia Sanctions Act 2022">Russia Sanctions Act</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="North Korea and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">North Korea</a></li> <li>Poland <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Poland%E2%80%93Ukraine_border_crisis" title="Poland–Ukraine border crisis">border crisis with Ukraine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Syria and the Russian invasion of Ukraine (page does not exist)">Syria</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83" class="extiw" title="ru:Сирия и вторжение России на Украину">ru</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Taiwan and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Taiwan</a></li> <li>United Kingdom <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Crime_(Transparency_and_Enforcement)_Act_2022" title="Economic Crime (Transparency and Enforcement) Act 2022">Economic Crime Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homes_for_Ukraine" title="Homes for Ukraine">Homes for Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Interflex" title="Operation Interflex">Operation Interflex</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Nations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eleventh_emergency_special_session_of_the_United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="Eleventh emergency special session of the United Nations General Assembly">Emergency special session</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_ES-11/1" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-11/1">Resolution ES-11/1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_ES-11/2" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-11/2">Resolution ES-11/2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_ES-11/3" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-11/3">Resolution ES-11/3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_ES-11/4" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-11/4">Resolution ES-11/4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_ES-11/5" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-11/5">Resolution ES-11/5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_ES-11/6" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-11/6">Resolution ES-11/6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_ES-11/7" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-11/7">Resolution ES-11/7</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_2623" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 2623">Security Council Resolution 2623</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_A/RES/77/229" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution A/RES/77/229">Resolution A/RES/77/229</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_truce" title="Easter truce">Easter truce</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Moldova_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Moldova to the European Union">Accession of Moldova to the EU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Ukraine_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Ukraine to the European Union">Accession of Ukraine to the EU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Brussels_summit" title="2022 Brussels summit">Brussels summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Political_Community" title="European Political Community">European Political Community</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_European_Political_Community_Summit" title="1st European Political Community Summit">1st summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_European_Political_Community_Summit" title="2nd European Political Community Summit">2nd summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_European_Political_Community_Summit" title="3rd European Political Community Summit">3rd summit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Madrid_summit" title="2022 Madrid summit">Madrid summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_NATO_virtual_summit" title="2022 NATO virtual summit">NATO virtual summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Oscar" title="Operation Oscar">Operation Oscar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Ramstein_Air_Base_meeting" title="2022 Ramstein Air Base meeting">Ramstein Air Base meeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_EU%E2%80%93Ukraine_Summit" title="2023 EU–Ukraine Summit">EU–Ukraine Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/REPowerEU" title="REPowerEU">REPowerEU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steadfast_Defender_2024" title="Steadfast Defender 2024">Steadfast Defender 2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SWIFT_ban_against_Russian_banks" title="SWIFT ban against Russian banks">SWIFT ban against Russian banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_Recovery_Conference" title="Ukraine Recovery Conference">Ukraine Recovery Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Versailles_declaration" title="Versailles declaration">Versailles declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Vilnius_summit" title="2023 Vilnius summit">2023 Vilnius summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15th_BRICS_summit" title="15th BRICS summit">15th BRICS summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Washington_summit" title="2024 Washington summit">2024 Washington summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weimar%2B" title="Weimar+">Weimar+</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consecration_of_Russia_to_the_Immaculate_Heart_of_Mary#21st_century" title="Consecration of Russia to the Immaculate Heart of Mary">Consecration of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F-16_training_coalition" title="F-16 training coalition">F-16 training coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Finland–NATO relations">Finland–NATO relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland%E2%80%93Russia_border_barrier" title="Finland–Russia border barrier">Finland–Russia border barrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_diplomacy" title="Iron diplomacy">Iron diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_Russian_annexation_of_South_Ossetia#2022_proposal" title="Proposed Russian annexation of South Ossetia">Proposed Russian annexation of South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Russia#2022" title="Terrorism in Russia">Recognition of Russia as a terrorist state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monuments_and_memorials_removed_following_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="List of monuments and memorials removed following the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Removal of monuments and memorials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_streets_renamed_due_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="List of streets renamed due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Streets renamed</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_Square,_Oslo" title="Ukraine Square, Oslo">Ukraine Square, Oslo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_serving_heads_of_state_and_government_that_have_visited_Ukraine_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="List of serving heads of state and government that have visited Ukraine during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Serving heads of state and government that have visited Ukraine during the invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Sweden–NATO relations">Sweden–NATO relations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2023_Swedish_anti-terrorism_bill" title="2023 Swedish anti-terrorism bill">Swedish anti-terrorism bill</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Non-government_reactions_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Non-government reactions to the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Public</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Protests_against_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Protests against the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Protests</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>In Ukraine <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_protests_in_Russian-occupied_Ukraine" title="2022 protests in Russian-occupied Ukraine">in Russian-occupied Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demolition_of_monuments_to_Alexander_Pushkin_in_Ukraine" title="Demolition of monuments to Alexander Pushkin in Ukraine">demolition of monuments to Alexander Pushkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ArmWomenNow" title="ArmWomenNow">ArmWomenNow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Artistic_Front" title="Ukrainian Artistic Front">Ukrainian Artistic Front</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-war_protests_in_Russia_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Anti-war protests in Russia (2022–present)">In Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angry_patriots" title="Angry patriots">Angry patriots</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Club_of_Angry_Patriots" title="Club of Angry Patriots">Club of Angry Patriots</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-War_Committee_of_Russia" title="Anti-War Committee of Russia">Anti-War Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suspicious_deaths_of_Russian_businesspeople_(2022%E2%80%932024)" class="mw-redirect" title="Suspicious deaths of Russian businesspeople (2022–2024)">Suspicious deaths of Russian businesspeople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_People%27s_Deputies_(Russia,_2022)" title="Congress of People's Deputies (Russia, 2022)">Congress of People's Deputies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Mothers_and_Wives" title="Council of Mothers and Wives">Council of Mothers and Wives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_Anti-War_Resistance" title="Feminist Anti-War Resistance">Feminist Anti-War Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flower_protests" title="Flower protests">Flower protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marina_Ovsyannikova" title="Marina Ovsyannikova">Marina Ovsyannikova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Action_Committee" title="Russian Action Committee">Russian Action Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_North_Caucasian_protests" title="2022 North Caucasian protests">North Caucasian protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_Far_East_protests" title="2022 Russian Far East protests">2022 Russian Far East protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_initiative_for_charging_Vladimir_Putin_of_high_treason" title="Municipal initiative for charging Vladimir Putin of high treason">State Duma initiative for charging Vladimir Putin of high treason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White-blue-white_flag" title="White-blue-white flag">White-blue-white flag</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_involvement_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine#Belarusian_opposition_to_the_invasion" title="Belarusian involvement in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">In Belarus</a></li> <li>In China <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Translation_Movement" title="Great Translation Movement">Great Translation Movement</a></li></ul></li> <li>In Czech Republic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic_First!" title="Czech Republic First!">Czech Republic First!</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Corporate_responses_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Corporate responses to the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Companies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_address_of_the_Russian_Union_of_Rectors" title="2022 address of the Russian Union of Rectors">Address of the Russian Union of Rectors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boycott_of_Russia_and_Belarus" title="Boycott of Russia and Belarus">Boycott of Russia and Belarus</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Do_not_buy_Russian_goods!" title="Do not buy Russian goods!">Do not buy Russian goods!</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E.N.O.T._Corp." title="E.N.O.T. Corp.">E.N.O.T. Corp.</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Mangushev" title="Igor Mangushev">Igor Mangushev</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonald%27s_in_Russia" title="McDonald's in Russia">McDonald's in Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vkusno_i_tochka" title="Vkusno i tochka">Vkusno i tochka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NashStore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NashStore (page does not exist)">NashStore</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/NashStore" class="extiw" title="ru:NashStore">ru</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Satellite" title="People's Satellite">People's Satellite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starlink_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Starlink in the Russo-Ukrainian War">Starlink satellites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_Bloody_Energy" title="Stop Bloody Energy">Stop Bloody Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagner_Group_activities_in_Ukraine" title="Wagner Group activities in Ukraine">Wagner Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrey_Aleksandrovich_Medvedev" title="Andrey Aleksandrovich Medvedev">Andrey Aleksandrovich Medvedev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Nemes_Tarimo" title="Death of Nemes Tarimo">Death of Nemes Tarimo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yale_CELI_List_of_Companies" title="Yale CELI List of Companies">Yale CELI List of Companies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anonymous_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Anonymous and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Anonymous and the invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alerts.in.ua" title="Alerts.in.ua">alerts.in.ua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_DDoS_attacks_on_Romania" title="2022 DDoS attacks on Romania">DDoS attacks on Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeepStateMap.Live" title="DeepStateMap.Live">DeepStateMap.Live</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IT_Army_of_Ukraine" title="IT Army of Ukraine">IT Army of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killnet" title="Killnet">Killnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liveuamap" title="Liveuamap">Liveuamap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-source_intelligence_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Open-source intelligence in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Open-source intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peacenotwar" title="Peacenotwar">peacenotwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Asset_Tracker" title="Russian Asset Tracker">Russian Asset Tracker</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Squad303&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Squad303 (page does not exist)">Squad303</a> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squad303" class="extiw" title="pl:Squad303">pl</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_Siren_Alerts" title="Ukraine Siren Alerts">Ukraine Siren Alerts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Wikipedia and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Wikipedia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blocking_of_Wikipedia_in_Russia#2022_threat_to_block" class="mw-redirect" title="Blocking of Wikipedia in Russia">threat to block in Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detention_of_Mark_Bernstein" title="Detention of Mark Bernstein">detention of Mark Bernstein</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_expulsions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Diplomatic expulsions during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Diplomatic expulsions during the Russo-Ukrainian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_spies_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russian spies in the Russo-Ukrainian War">Russian spies in the Russo-Ukrainian War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Azovstal_Defenders%27_Families" title="Association of Azovstal Defenders' Families">Association of Azovstal Defenders' Families</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_Grain_Initiative" title="Black Sea Grain Initiative">Black Sea Grain Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collaboration_with_Russia_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Collaboration with Russia during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Collaboration with Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/We_Are_Together_with_Russia" title="We Are Together with Russia">We Are Together with Russia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concert_for_Ukraine" title="Concert for Ukraine">Concert for Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Buryatia_Foundation" title="Free Buryatia Foundation">Free Buryatia Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Nations_of_Post-Russia_Forum" title="Free Nations of Post-Russia Forum">Free Nations of Post-Russia Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game4Ukraine" title="Game4Ukraine">Game4Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Get_Lost_(organisation)" title="Get Lost (organisation)">Get Lost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Tour_for_Peace" title="Global Tour for Peace">Global Tour for Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go_by_the_Forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Go by the Forest">Go by the Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guide_to_the_Free_World" title="Guide to the Free World">Guide to the Free World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozart_Group" title="Mozart Group">Mozart Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olena_Zelenska_Foundation" title="Olena Zelenska Foundation">Olena Zelenska Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_open_letter_from_Nobel_laureates_in_support_of_Ukraine" title="2022 open letter from Nobel laureates in support of Ukraine">Open letter from Nobel laureates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavel_Sudoplatov_Battalion" title="Pavel Sudoplatov Battalion">Pavel Sudoplatov Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubikus.HelpUA" title="Rubikus.HelpUA">Rubikus.HelpUA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruslan_Shostak_Charitable_Foundation" title="Ruslan Shostak Charitable Foundation">Ruslan Shostak Charitable Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%27s_War_Crimes_House" title="Russia's War Crimes House">Russia's War Crimes House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Save_Ukraine" title="Save Ukraine">Save Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saving_Ukrainian_Cultural_Heritage_Online" title="Saving Ukrainian Cultural Heritage Online">Saving Ukrainian Cultural Heritage Online</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serhiy_Prytula_Charity_Foundation" title="Serhiy Prytula Charity Foundation">Serhiy Prytula Charity Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Spain_letter_bomb_attacks" title="2022 Spain letter bomb attacks">Spain letter bomb attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yermak-McFaul_Expert_Group_on_Russian_Sanctions" title="Yermak-McFaul Expert Group on Russian Sanctions">Yermak-McFaul Expert Group on Russian Sanctions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavel_Filatyev" title="Pavel Filatyev">Pavel Filatyev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/True_Russia" title="True Russia">True Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volos_Declaration" title="Volos Declaration">Volos Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wimbledon_ban_on_Russian_and_Belarusian_players" title="Wimbledon ban on Russian and Belarusian players">Wimbledon ban</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Impact6185" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Impact</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Effects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_aircraft_losses_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of aircraft losses during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Aircraft losses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casualties_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War#Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Casualties of the Russo-Ukrainian War">Casualties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_journalists_killed_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of journalists killed during the Russo-Ukrainian War">journalists killed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Russian_generals_killed_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="List of Russian generals killed during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian generals killed</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Economic impact of the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Economic impact</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021%E2%80%932023_inflation" class="mw-redirect" title="2021–2023 inflation">Inflation surge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022%E2%80%932023_Moldovan_energy_crisis" title="2022–2023 Moldovan energy crisis">2022–2023 Moldovan energy crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moldovan_protests_(2022%E2%80%932023)" title="Moldovan protests (2022–2023)">protests</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_Moldovan_energy_crisis" title="2025 Moldovan energy crisis">2025 Moldovan energy crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022%E2%80%932023_Russia%E2%80%93European_Union_gas_dispute" title="2022–2023 Russia–European Union gas dispute">Russia–EU gas dispute</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Nord_Stream_pipeline_sabotage" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Nord Stream pipeline sabotage">2022 Nord Stream pipeline sabotage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_debt_default" title="2022 Russian debt default">Russian debt default</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_crude_oil_price_cap_sanctions" title="2022 Russian crude oil price cap sanctions">2022 Russian oil price cap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_economic_crisis_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="German economic crisis (2022–present)">2022-2024 German economic crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Russian_oil_products_sanctions_and_price_cap" title="2023 Russian oil products sanctions and price cap">2023 Russian oil products sanctions and price cap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EU_natural_gas_price_cap" title="EU natural gas price cap">EU natural gas price cap</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Ukraine#During_the_2022_Russian_invasion" title="Education in Ukraine">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whisky_War" title="Whisky War">End of the Whisky War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Environmental impact of the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Environmental impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020s_European_re-armament" title="2020s European re-armament">European re-armament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2022" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2022">Eurovision Song Contest 2022</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russia_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest_2022" title="Russia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2022">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest_2022" title="Ukraine in the Eurovision Song Contest 2022">Ukraine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2023" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2023">Eurovision Song Contest 2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022%E2%80%932023_food_crises" class="mw-redirect" title="2022–2023 food crises">Food crises</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theatre_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theatre during the Russian invasion of Ukraine (page does not exist)">Impact on theatre</a> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80_%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Театр часів Російсько-української війни">uk</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_notable_deaths_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="List of notable deaths during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">List of notable deaths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lukoil_oil_transit_dispute" title="Lukoil oil transit dispute">Lukoil oil transit dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_on_nuclear_power_plants" title="Impact of the Russian invasion of Ukraine on nuclear power plants">Nuclear power plants</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zaporizhzhia_Nuclear_Power_Plant_crisis" title="Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant crisis">Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant crisis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_risk_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Nuclear risk during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Nuclear risk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Religion and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_emigration_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian emigration during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian emigration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ark_(organisation)" title="Ark (organisation)">The Ark</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ship_losses_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of ship losses during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Ship losses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_cultural_heritage_during_the_2022_Russian_invasion" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian cultural heritage during the 2022 Russian invasion">Ukrainian cultural heritage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_theft_and_looting_by_Russia_during_the_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Art theft and looting by Russia during the invasion of Ukraine">art theft and looting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_damaged_cultural_sites_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="List of damaged cultural sites during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">damaged cultural sites</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trauma_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Trauma in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Trauma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Urengoy%E2%80%93Pomary%E2%80%93Uzhhorod_pipeline_explosion" title="2022 Urengoy–Pomary–Uzhhorod pipeline explosion">Urengoy–Pomary–Uzhhorod pipeline explosion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_energy_crisis" title="Ukrainian energy crisis">Ukrainian energy crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violations_of_non-combatant_airspaces_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Violations of non-combatant airspaces during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Violations of non-combatant airspaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Women in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Human rights</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_impacts_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Humanitarian impacts of the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Humanitarian impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_refugee_crisis_(2022%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian refugee crisis (2022–present)">Ukrainian refugee crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sobieskiego_100" title="Sobieskiego 100">Sobieskiego 100</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_International_Commission_of_Inquiry_on_Ukraine" title="Independent International Commission of Inquiry on Ukraine">UN Commission of Inquiry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Rights_Monitoring_Mission_in_Ukraine" title="United Nations Human Rights Monitoring Mission in Ukraine">UN Human Rights Monitoring Mission</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terms and phrases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/And_now_I_will_show_you_where_the_attack_on_Belarus_was_prepared_from" title="And now I will show you where the attack on Belarus was prepared from">And now I will show you where the attack on Belarus was prepared from</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxons_(slur)" title="Anglo-Saxons (slur)">Anglo-Saxons</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Bavovna" title="Bavovna">Bavovna</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Grandpa_in_his_bunker" title="Grandpa in his bunker">Grandpa in his bunker</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Good_Evening_(Where_Are_You_From%3F)" title="Good Evening (Where Are You From?)">Good evening, we are from Ukraine</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Orc_(slang)" title="Orc (slang)">Orc</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Putin_khuylo!#Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Putin khuylo!">Putin khuylo!</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Khuy_Voyne!#Russo-Ukrainian_war" title="Khuy Voyne!">Khuy Voyne!</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/w/index.php?title=Russia_is_here_forever&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russia is here forever (page does not exist)">Russia is here forever</a> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%96%D1%8F_%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Росія тут назавжди">uk</a>]"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Russian_warship,_go_fuck_yourself" title="Russian warship, go fuck yourself">Russian warship, go fuck yourself</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Slava_Ukraini#Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Slava Ukraini">Slava Ukraini!</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Special_military_operation" title="Special military operation">Special military operation</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/To_bomb_Voronezh" title="To bomb Voronezh">To bomb Voronezh</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Strength_is_in_truth" title="Strength is in truth">Strength is in truth</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Westsplaining" title="Westsplaining">Westsplaining</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Where_have_you_been_for_eight_years%3F" title="Where have you been for eight years?">Where have you been for eight years?</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Without_you_(speech)" title="Without you (speech)">Without you</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Popular culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Songs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/12_(song)" title="12 (song)">12</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Bakhmut_Fortress" title="Bakhmut Fortress">Bakhmut Fortress</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Bayraktar_(song)" title="Bayraktar (song)">Bayraktar</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Bilia_topoli" title="Bilia topoli">Bilia topoli</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/City_of_Mary_(song)" title="City of Mary (song)">City of Mary</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Flowers_of_Minefields" title="Flowers of Minefields">Flowers of Minefields</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Generation_Cancellation" title="Generation Cancellation">Generation Cancellation</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Generation_Z_(song)" title="Generation Z (song)">Generation Z</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I%27m_Russian_(song)" title="I'm Russian (song)">I'm Russian</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Oyda_(song)" title="Oyda (song)">Oyda</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Hey,_Hey,_Rise_Up!" title="Hey, Hey, Rise Up!">Hey, Hey, Rise Up!</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Mama_%C5%A0%C4%8C!" title="Mama ŠČ!">Mama ŠČ!</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Oi_u_luzi_chervona_kalyna" title="Oi u luzi chervona kalyna">Oi u luzi chervona kalyna</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Slava_Ukraini!_(song)" title="Slava Ukraini! (song)">Slava Ukraini!</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Stefania_(song)" title="Stefania (song)">Stefania</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Ukraine_(song)" title="Ukraine (song)">Ukraine</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Crushed_(Imagine_Dragons_song)" title="Crushed (Imagine Dragons song)">Crushed</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/20_Days_in_Mariupol" title="20 Days in Mariupol">20 Days in Mariupol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Rising_Fury" title="A Rising Fury">A Rising Fury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Follow_Me_(documentary)" class="mw-redirect" title="Follow Me (documentary)">Follow Me</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercepted_(film)" title="Intercepted (film)">Intercepted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russians_at_War" title="Russians at War">Russians at War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turn_in_the_Wound" title="Turn in the Wound">Turn in the Wound</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ukraine_on_Fire_2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ukraine on Fire 2 (page does not exist)">Ukraine on Fire 2</a> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BD%D1%96_2" class="extiw" title="uk:Україна в огні 2">uk</a>]</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Babylon%2713" title="Babylon'13">Babylon'13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Cold_War" title="Back to the Cold War">Back to the Cold War</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Borodianka_cat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Borodianka cat (page does not exist)">Borodianka cat</a> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B7_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Кішка з Бородянки">uk</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_of_Kyiv" title="Ghost of Kyiv">Ghost of Kyiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kherson_watermelon" title="Kherson watermelon">Kherson watermelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kr%C3%A1lovec_Region" title="Královec Region">Královec Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madonna_of_Kyiv" title="Madonna of Kyiv">Madonna of Kyiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NAFO_(group)" title="NAFO (group)">North Atlantic Fella Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newspeak_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Newspeak in Russia (page does not exist)">Newspeak in Russia</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%B7_%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="ru:Новояз в России">ru</a>; <a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%96%D1%97" class="extiw" title="uk:Новомова в Росії">uk</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patron_(dog)" title="Patron (dog)">Patron</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Putler#After_2014" title="Putler">Putler</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Putinversteher" title="Putinversteher">Putinversteher</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raccoon_of_Kherson" title="Raccoon of Kherson">Raccoon of Kherson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Javelin" title="Saint Javelin">Saint Javelin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Mariuburg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saint Mariuburg (page does not exist)">Saint Mariuburg</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" class="extiw" title="ru:Санкт-Мариубург">ru</a>; <a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" class="extiw" title="uk:Санкт-Маріубург">uk</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasylkiv_maiolica_rooster" title="Vasylkiv maiolica rooster">Vasylkiv maiolica rooster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin%27s_meeting_table" title="Vladimir Putin's meeting table">Vladimir Putin's meeting table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walk_of_the_Brave" title="Walk of the Brave">Walk of the Brave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z_(military_symbol)" title="Z (military symbol)">"Z" military symbol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Key_people1985" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Key people</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ukrainians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Zelenskyy" title="Volodymyr Zelenskyy">Volodymyr Zelenskyy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speeches_by_Volodymyr_Zelenskyy_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Speeches by Volodymyr Zelenskyy during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">speeches during the invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_visit_by_Volodymyr_Zelenskyy_to_the_United_States" title="2022 visit by Volodymyr Zelenskyy to the United States">visit to the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_visit_by_Volodymyr_Zelenskyy_to_the_United_Kingdom" title="2023 visit by Volodymyr Zelenskyy to the United Kingdom">visit to the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2023_European_visits_by_Volodymyr_Zelenskyy" title="May 2023 European visits by Volodymyr Zelenskyy">visits to Europe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andriy_Biletsky" title="Andriy Biletsky">Andriy Biletsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Pushilin" title="Denis Pushilin">Denis Pushilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denys_Shmyhal" title="Denys Shmyhal">Denys Shmyhal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denys_Kireyev" title="Denys Kireyev">Denys Kireyev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denys_Monastyrsky" title="Denys Monastyrsky">Denys Monastyrsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denys_Prokopenko" title="Denys Prokopenko">Denys Prokopenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iryna_Venediktova" title="Iryna Venediktova">Iryna Venediktova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrylo_Budanov" title="Kyrylo Budanov">Kyrylo Budanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Pasechnik" title="Leonid Pasechnik">Leonid Pasechnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykhailo_Drapatyi" title="Mykhailo Drapatyi">Mykhailo Drapatyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykola_Oleschuk" class="mw-redirect" title="Mykola Oleschuk">Mykola Oleschuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Pavlyuk" class="mw-redirect" title="Oleksandr Pavlyuk">Oleksandr Pavlyuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Syrskyi" title="Oleksandr Syrskyi">Oleksandr Syrskyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleksii_Reznikov" title="Oleksii Reznikov">Oleksii Reznikov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleksiy_Danilov" title="Oleksiy Danilov">Oleksiy Danilov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleksiy_Neizhpapa" title="Oleksiy Neizhpapa">Oleksiy Neizhpapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruslan_Khomchak" title="Ruslan Khomchak">Ruslan Khomchak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rustem_Umerov" title="Rustem Umerov">Rustem Umerov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergiy_Kyslytsya" title="Sergiy Kyslytsya">Sergiy Kyslytsya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serhiy_Shaptala" title="Serhiy Shaptala">Serhiy Shaptala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serhii_Sternenko" title="Serhii Sternenko">Serhii Sternenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valerii_Zaluzhnyi" title="Valerii Zaluzhnyi">Valerii Zaluzhnyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasyl_Malyuk" title="Vasyl Malyuk">Vasyl Malyuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitali_Klitschko" title="Vitali Klitschko">Vitali Klitschko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yevhen_Moisiuk" title="Yevhen Moisiuk">Yevhen Moisiuk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Russians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Dvornikov" title="Aleksandr Dvornikov">Aleksandr Dvornikov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Lapin_(general)" title="Aleksandr Lapin (general)">Aleksandr Lapin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksey_Dyumin" title="Aleksey Dyumin">Aleksey Dyumin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksey_Nagin" title="Aleksey Nagin">Aleksey Nagin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Bortnikov" title="Alexander Bortnikov">Alexander Bortnikov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Kolesnikov_(general)" title="Andrei Kolesnikov (general)">Andrei Kolesnikov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Sychevoi" title="Andrei Sychevoi">Andrei Sychevoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrey_Belousov" title="Andrey Belousov">Andrey Belousov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrey_Vorobyov" title="Andrey Vorobyov">Andrey Vorobyov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Medvedev" title="Dmitry Medvedev">Dmitry Medvedev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gennady_Zhidko" title="Gennady Zhidko">Gennady Zhidko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Kastyukevich" title="Igor Kastyukevich">Igor Kastyukevich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Ivanovich_Popov" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivan Ivanovich Popov">Ivan Popov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Mishustin" title="Mikhail Mishustin">Mikhail Mishustin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Lvova-Belova" title="Maria Lvova-Belova">Maria Lvova-Belova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Patrushev" title="Nikolai Patrushev">Nikolai Patrushev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleg_Salyukov" title="Oleg Salyukov">Oleg Salyukov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleg_Tsokov" title="Oleg Tsokov">Oleg Tsokov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramzan_Kadyrov" title="Ramzan Kadyrov">Ramzan Kadyrov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Berdnikov" title="Roman Berdnikov">Roman Berdnikov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rustam_Muradov" title="Rustam Muradov">Rustam Muradov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Kobylash" title="Sergey Kobylash">Sergey Kobylash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Lavrov" title="Sergey Lavrov">Sergey Lavrov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Naryshkin" title="Sergey Naryshkin">Sergey Naryshkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Shoigu" title="Sergei Shoigu">Sergei Shoigu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Surovikin" title="Sergey Surovikin">Sergey Surovikin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timur_Ivanov" title="Timur Ivanov">Timur Ivanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valery_Gerasimov" title="Valery Gerasimov">Valery Gerasimov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Sokolov_(naval_officer)" title="Viktor Sokolov (naval officer)">Viktor Sokolov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Zolotov" title="Viktor Zolotov">Viktor Zolotov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitaly_Gerasimov" title="Vitaly Gerasimov">Vitaly Gerasimov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyacheslav_Gladkov" title="Vyacheslav Gladkov">Vyacheslav Gladkov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyacheslav_Volodin" title="Vyacheslav Volodin">Vyacheslav Volodin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yevgeny_Prigozhin" title="Yevgeny Prigozhin">Yevgeny Prigozhin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus"><img alt="Belarus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/15px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/30px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Lukashenko" title="Alexander Lukashenko">Alexander Lukashenko</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Related3059" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Related</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2023_North_Korea%E2%80%93Russia_summit" title="2023 North Korea–Russia summit">2023 North Korea–Russia summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Korochansky_Ilyushin_Il-76_crash" title="2024 Korochansky Ilyushin Il-76 crash">2024 Korochansky Ilyushin Il-76 crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_Putin%E2%80%93Trump_call" title="2025 Putin–Trump call">2025 Putin–Trump call</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-drone_mesh" title="Anti-drone mesh">Anti-drone mesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Russian_sentiment" title="Anti-Russian sentiment">Anti-Russian sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Ukrainian_sentiment" title="Anti-Ukrainian sentiment">Anti-Ukrainian sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonov_An-225_Mriya" title="Antonov An-225 Mriya">Antonov An-225 Mriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axis_of_Upheaval" title="Axis of Upheaval">Axis of Upheaval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azovstal_Iron_and_Steel_Works" title="Azovstal Iron and Steel Works">Azovstal Iron and Steel Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Belgorod_accidental_bombing" title="2023 Belgorod accidental bombing">Belgorod accidental bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Brovary_helicopter_crash" title="2023 Brovary helicopter crash">Brovary helicopter crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Bryansk_Oblast_military_aircraft_crashes" title="2023 Bryansk Oblast military aircraft crashes">Bryansk Oblast military aircraft crashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claims_of_Vladimir_Putin%27s_incapacity_and_death" title="Claims of Vladimir Putin's incapacity and death">Claims of Vladimir Putin's incapacity and death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decolonization_in_Ukraine" title="Decolonization in Ukraine">Decolonization in Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decommunization_in_Ukraine" title="Decommunization in Ukraine">Decommunization in Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derussification_in_Ukraine" title="Derussification in Ukraine">Derussification in Ukraine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demolition_of_monuments_to_Alexander_Pushkin_in_Ukraine" title="Demolition of monuments to Alexander Pushkin in Ukraine">Demolition of monuments to Alexander Pushkin in Ukraine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_serving_heads_of_state_and_government_that_have_visited_Ukraine_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="List of serving heads of state and government that have visited Ukraine during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Foreign leaders that have visited during the invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_the_Study_of_War" title="Institute for the Study of War">Institute for the Study of War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Irkutsk_military_aircraft_crash" title="2022 Irkutsk military aircraft crash">Irkutsk military aircraft crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Ivanovo_Ilyushin_Il-76_crash" title="2024 Ivanovo Ilyushin Il-76 crash">Ivanovo Ilyushin Il-76 crash</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2023_Kyivstar_cyberattack&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2023 Kyivstar cyberattack (page does not exist)">Kyivstar cyberattack</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%C2%AB%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%C2%BB_(2023)" class="extiw" title="ru:Кибератака на «Киевстар» (2023)">ru</a>; <a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%C2%AB%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%97%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%C2%BB_(2023)" class="extiw" title="uk:Кібератака на «Київстар» (2023)">uk</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_R_incident" title="Lady R incident">Lady R incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nord_Stream_2" title="Nord Stream 2">Nord Stream 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_Russian_annexation_of_Transnistria" title="Proposed Russian annexation of Transnistria">Proposed Russian annexation of Transnistria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punisher_(drone)" title="Punisher (drone)">Punisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="Russia and weapons of mass destruction">Russian nuclear weapons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RS-28_Sarmat" title="RS-28 Sarmat">Sarmat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_military_presence_in_Transnistria" title="Russian military presence in Transnistria">Russian military presence in Transnistria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_Air_Force_Ilyushin_Il-76_crash" title="2022 Russian Air Force Ilyushin Il-76 crash">Ryazan military aircraft crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Siberian_wildfires" title="2022 Siberian wildfires">Siberian wildfires</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2023_Sinhury_mid-air_collision&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2023 Sinhury mid-air collision (page does not exist)">Sinhury mid-air collision</a> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%A1%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Зіткнення над Сінгурами">uk</a>; <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023%E5%B9%B4%E6%97%A5%E6%89%98%E7%B1%B3%E7%88%BE%E5%B7%9EL-39M1%E9%A3%9B%E6%A9%9F%E7%9B%B8%E6%92%9E%E4%BA%8B%E6%95%85" class="extiw" title="zh:2023年日托米爾州L-39M1飛機相撞事故">zh</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soloti_military_training_ground_shooting" title="Soloti military training ground shooting">Soloti military training ground shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_imagery_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Soviet imagery during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Soviet imagery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_Center_of_Recruitment_and_Social_Support" title="Territorial Center of Recruitment and Social Support">Territorial Center of Recruitment and Social Support</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turtle_tank" title="Turtle tank">Turtle tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U-24_(association)" title="U-24 (association)">U-24 association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian-African_Renaissance" title="Ukrainian-African Renaissance">Ukrainian-African Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_conscription_crisis" title="Ukrainian conscription crisis">Ukrainian conscription crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use_of_Western_long-range_weapons_by_Ukraine_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Use of Western long-range weapons by Ukraine in Russia">Western long-range weapons in Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ural_Airlines_Flight_1383" title="Ural Airlines Flight 1383">Ural Airlines Flight 1383</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_Aerospace_Forces_An-26_crash" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian Aerospace Forces An-26 crash">Voronezh military aircraft crash</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Vladimir_Putin_Interview" class="mw-redirect" title="The Vladimir Putin Interview">The Vladimir Putin Interview</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Yeysk_military_aircraft_crash" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Yeysk military aircraft crash">Yeysk military aircraft crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Moldovan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt_allegations" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Moldovan coup d'état attempt allegations">Moldovan coup d'état attempt allegations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_visit_by_Joe_Biden_to_Ukraine" title="2023 visit by Joe Biden to Ukraine">2023 visit by Joe Biden to Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_visit_by_Fumio_Kishida_to_Ukraine" title="2023 visit by Fumio Kishida to Ukraine">2023 visit by Fumio Kishida to Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_visit_by_Xi_Jinping_to_Russia" title="2023 visit by Xi Jinping to Russia">2023 visit by Xi Jinping to Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_visit_by_Yoon_Suk_Yeol_to_Ukraine" title="2023 visit by Yoon Suk Yeol to Ukraine">2023 visit by Yoon Suk Yeol to Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Wagner_Group_plane_crash" title="2023 Wagner Group plane crash">Wagner Group plane crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaroslav_Hunka_scandal" title="Yaroslav Hunka scandal">Yaroslav Hunka scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_Airlines_Flight_8243" title="Azerbaijan Airlines Flight 8243">Azerbaijan Airlines Flight 8243</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Category:Russian invasion of Ukraine">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Russian_nationalism236" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Russian_nationalism" title="Template:Russian nationalism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Russian_nationalism" title="Template talk:Russian nationalism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Russian_nationalism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Russian nationalism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Russian_nationalism236" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Russian_nationalism" title="Russian nationalism">Russian nationalism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Expansionism,imperialism_andRussification117" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_Russia" title="Territorial evolution of Russia">Expansionism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_imperialism" title="Russian imperialism">imperialism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russification" title="Russification">Russification</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Expansion_of_Russia_(1500%E2%80%931800)" title="Expansion of Russia (1500–1800)">1500–1800</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_conquest_of_Siberia" title="Russian conquest of Siberia">Siberia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_the_Khanate_of_Sibir" title="Conquest of the Khanate of Sibir">Khanate of Sibir</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_conquest_of_Central_Asia" title="Russian conquest of Central Asia">Central Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_colonization_of_North_America" title="Russian colonization of North America">North America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partitions_of_Poland" title="Partitions of Poland">Partitions of Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_the_Crimean_Khanate_by_the_Russian_Empire" title="Annexation of the Crimean Khanate by the Russian Empire">Crimea, 1783</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amur_Annexation" title="Amur Annexation">Amur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_conquest_of_the_Caucasus" title="Russian conquest of the Caucasus">Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Russian_military_occupations" title="Category:Russian military occupations">Military occupations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">Crimea, 2014</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chronology_of_Ukrainian_language_suppression" title="Chronology of Ukrainian language suppression">Ukrainian language suppression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavophilia" title="Slavophilia">Slavophilia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Westernizer" title="Westernizer">westernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pochvennichestvo" title="Pochvennichestvo">Pochvennichestvo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Hundreds" title="Black Hundreds">Black Hundreds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mladorossy" title="Mladorossy">Mladorossy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician_Russophilia" title="Galician Russophilia">Galician Russophilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_movement" title="White movement">White movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smenovekhovtsy" title="Smenovekhovtsy">Smenovekhovtsy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Alliance_of_Russian_Solidarists" title="National Alliance of Russian Solidarists">Solidarists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Russian_constitutional_crisis" title="1993 Russian constitutional crisis">1993 constitutional crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Salvation_Front_(Russia)" title="National Salvation Front (Russia)">National Salvation Front</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_march" title="Russian march">Russian marches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Manezhnaya_Square_riots" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 Manezhnaya Square riots">2010 Manezhnaya Square riots</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8_(2010)" class="extiw" title="ru:Беспорядки на Манежной площади (2010)">ru</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Biryulyovo_riots" title="2013 Biryulyovo riots">2013 Biryulyovo riots</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/All-Russian_nation" title="All-Russian nation">All-Russian nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collector_of_Russian_lands" class="mw-redirect" title="Collector of Russian lands">Collector of Russian lands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_all_the_Russias" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor of all the Russias">Emperor of all the Russias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Russian_identity" title="Little Russian identity">Little Russian identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_nationalism_in_Russia" title="Ethnic nationalism in Russia">Ethnic nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasia" title="Eurasia">Eurasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gayrope" title="Gayrope">Gayrope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Rus" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Rus">Holy Rus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow,_third_Rome" title="Moscow, third Rome">Moscow, third Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Orthodoxy" title="Nuclear Orthodoxy">Nuclear Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Of_all_Rus%27" class="mw-redirect" title="Of all Rus'">Of all Rus'</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="ru:Всея Руси">ru</a>; <a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%81%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%96" class="extiw" title="uk:Всія Русі">uk</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodoxy,_Autocracy,_and_Nationality" title="Orthodoxy, Autocracy, and Nationality">Orthodoxy, Autocracy, and Nationality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodoxy_or_death!" title="Orthodoxy or death!">Orthodoxy or death!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia_for_Russians" title="Russia for Russians">Russia for Russians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_civilization" title="Russian civilization">Russian civilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Idea" title="Russian Idea">Russian Idea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_irredentism" title="Russian irredentism">Russian irredentism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian-occupied_territories" title="Russian-occupied territories">Russian-occupied territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krymnash" title="Krymnash">Krymnash</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_soul" title="Russian soul">Russian soul</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Russian_world" title="Russian world">Russian world</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russophilia" title="Russophilia">Russophilia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anti-Russian_sentiment" title="Anti-Russian sentiment">Russophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=United,_Great,_and_Indivisible_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United, Great, and Indivisible Russia (page does not exist)">United and Indivisible Russia</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F,_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%8F" class="extiw" title="ru:Россия единая, великая и неделимая">ru</a>; <a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%96%D1%8F_%D1%94%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0,_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%96_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="uk:Росія єдина, велика і неподільна">uk</a>]</li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ideologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eurasianism" title="Eurasianism">Eurasianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics_in_Russia" title="Far-right politics in Russia">Far-right politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bolshevism" title="National Bolshevism">National Bolshevism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazism_in_Russia" title="Neo-Nazism in Russia">Neo-Nazism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Sovietism" title="Neo-Sovietism">Neo-Sovietism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Stalinism" title="Neo-Stalinism">Neo-Stalinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Slavism" title="Pan-Slavism">Pan-Slavism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putinism" title="Putinism">Putinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruscism" title="Ruscism">Ruscism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_patriotism" title="Soviet patriotism">Soviet patriotism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modern organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atomwaffen_Division_Russland" class="mw-redirect" title="Atomwaffen Division Russland">Atomwaffen Division Russland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Hundreds#Modern_version" title="Black Hundreds">Black Hundreds (1992)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Club_of_Angry_Patriots" title="Club of Angry Patriots">Club of Angry Patriots</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angry_patriots" title="Angry patriots">Angry patriots</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donetsk_Republic_(movement)" title="Donetsk Republic (movement)">Donetsk Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essence_of_Time" title="Essence of Time">Essence of Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_National_Union" title="Ethnic National Union">Ethnic National Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasia_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurasia Movement">Eurasia Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasia_Party" title="Eurasia Party">Eurasia Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasian_Youth_Union" title="Eurasian Youth Union">Eurasian Youth Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Donbas" title="Free Donbas">Free Donbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Russia_(political_party)" title="Great Russia (political party)">Great Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_of_Russia" title="Liberal Democratic Party of Russia">Liberal Democratic Party of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_People%27s_Party" title="Lithuanian People's Party">Lithuanian People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narodny_Sobor" title="Narodny Sobor">Narodny Sobor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialism_/_White_Power" title="National Socialism / White Power">National Socialism / White Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obnovlenie" title="Obnovlenie">Obnovlenie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Other_Russia_of_E._V._Limonov" title="The Other Russia of E. V. Limonov">The Other Russia of E. V. Limonov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Resistance_Association" title="Popular Resistance Association">Popular Resistance Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_Bloc_(Russia)" title="Right Bloc (Russia)">Right Bloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodina_(political_party)" title="Rodina (political party)">Rodina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_All-People%27s_Union" title="Russian All-People's Union">Russian All-People's Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Imperial_Movement" title="Russian Imperial Movement">Russian Imperial Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_National_Front" title="Russian National Front">Russian National Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russians_(organization)" title="Russians (organization)">Russians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russkiy_Mir_Foundation" title="Russkiy Mir Foundation">Russkiy Mir Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Party_Oathkeepers" title="Serbian Party Oathkeepers">Serbian Party Oathkeepers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Orthodox_Banner-Bearers" title="Union of Orthodox Banner-Bearers">Union of Orthodox Banner-Bearers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Russia" title="United Russia">United Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Young_Guard_of_United_Russia" title="Young Guard of United Russia">Young Guard of United Russia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artpodgotovka" title="Artpodgotovka">Artpodgotovka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_Terrorist_Organization" title="Combat Terrorist Organization">Combat Terrorist Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Russian_Communities" title="Congress of Russian Communities">Congress of Russian Communities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Format18" title="Format18">Format18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Liberal Democratic Party of the Soviet Union">Liberal Democratic Party of the Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Male_State" title="Male State">Male State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_Against_Illegal_Immigration" title="Movement Against Illegal Immigration">Movement Against Illegal Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation_and_Freedom_Committee" title="Nation and Freedom Committee">Nation and Freedom Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bolshevik_Party" title="National Bolshevik Party">National Bolshevik Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Russian_Liberation_Movement" title="National Russian Liberation Movement">National Russian Liberation Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Society" title="National Socialist Society">National Socialist Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Brotherhood" title="Northern Brotherhood">Northern Brotherhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamyat" title="Pamyat">Pamyat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_National_Party_(Russia)" title="People's National Party (Russia)">People's National Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_All-National_Union" title="Russian All-National Union">Russian All-National Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_National_Socialist_Party" title="Russian National Socialist Party">Russian National Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_National_Union" title="Russian National Union">Russian National Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_National_Unity" title="Russian National Unity">Russian National Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_National_Unity_(2000)" title="Russian National Unity (2000)">New Russian National Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Savior_(paramilitary_organization)" title="The Savior (paramilitary organization)">The Savior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_Union_(Russia)" title="Slavic Union (Russia)">Slavic Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_the_Russian_People_(2005)" title="Union of the Russian People (2005)">Union of the Russian People</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Personalities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">After 1991</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Alksnis" title="Viktor Alksnis">Viktor Alksnis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Baburin" title="Sergey Baburin">Sergey Baburin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Barkashov" title="Alexander Barkashov">Alexander Barkashov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Potkin" title="Alexander Potkin">Alexander Belov-Potkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Demushkin" title="Dmitry Demushkin">Dmitry Demushkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Dugin" title="Aleksandr Dugin">Aleksandr Dugin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Galkovsky" title="Dmitry Galkovsky">Dmitry Galkovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Ivanov-Sukharevsky" title="Aleksandr Ivanov-Sukharevsky">Aleksandr Ivanov-Sukharevsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Kasimovsky" title="Konstantin Kasimovsky">Konstantin Kasimovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yegor_Kholmogorov" title="Yegor Kholmogorov">Yegor Kholmogorov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Krylov" title="Konstantin Krylov">Konstantin Krylov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Kvachkov" title="Vladimir Kvachkov">Vladimir Kvachkov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Lebed" title="Alexander Lebed">Alexander Lebed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Limonov" title="Eduard Limonov">Eduard Limonov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyacheslav_Maltsev" title="Vyacheslav Maltsev">Vyacheslav Maltsev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxim_Martsinkevich" title="Maxim Martsinkevich">Maxim Martsinkevich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakhar_Prilepin" title="Zakhar Prilepin">Zakhar Prilepin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Rogozin" title="Dmitry Rogozin">Dmitry Rogozin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Solzhenitsyn" title="Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn">Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Shafarevich" title="Igor Shafarevich">Igor Shafarevich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitri_Dmitriyevich_Vasilyev" title="Dmitri Dmitriyevich Vasilyev">Dmitri Vasilyev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Zhirinovsky" title="Vladimir Zhirinovsky">Vladimir Zhirinovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gennady_Zyuganov" title="Gennady Zyuganov">Gennady Zyuganov</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Before 1991</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Ilyin" title="Ivan Ilyin">Ivan Ilyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Krasnov" title="Pyotr Krasnov">Pyotr Krasnov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Rodzaevsky" title="Konstantin Rodzaevsky">Konstantin Rodzaevsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Skobelev" title="Mikhail Skobelev">Mikhail Skobelev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Solonevich" title="Ivan Solonevich">Ivan Solonevich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasily_Shulgin" title="Vasily Shulgin">Vasily Shulgin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fashist" title="Fashist">Fashist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Fourth_Political_Theory" title="The Fourth Political Theory">The Fourth Political Theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundations_of_Geopolitics" title="Foundations of Geopolitics">Foundations of Geopolitics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_chronology_(Fomenko)" title="New chronology (Fomenko)">History: Fiction or Science?</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Will_of_a_Russian_Fascist" title="The Last Will of a Russian Fascist">The Last Will of a Russian Fascist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nash_Put%27_(newspaper)" title="Nash Put' (newspaper)">Nash Put'</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/On_the_Historical_Unity_of_Russians_and_Ukrainians" title="On the Historical Unity of Russians and Ukrainians">On the Historical Unity of Russians and Ukrainians</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rebuilding_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rebuilding Russia (page does not exist)">Rebuilding Russia</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8E%3F" class="extiw" title="ru:Как нам обустроить Россию?">ru</a>]"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/What_Russia_Should_Do_with_Ukraine" title="What Russia Should Do with Ukraine">What Russia Should Do with Ukraine</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Opposition and criticism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Russian_chauvinism" title="Great Russian chauvinism">Great Russian chauvinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iazychie" title="Iazychie">Iazychie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashism" title="Nashism">Nashism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruscism" title="Ruscism">Ruscism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prison_of_peoples" title="Prison of peoples">Prison of peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pobedobesie" title="Pobedobesie">Pobedobesie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatnik" title="Vatnik">Vatnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volos_Declaration" title="Volos Declaration">Volos Declaration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Russian_nationalism" title="Category:Russian nationalism">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Ukraine&#124;link=Ukraine_Political_scandals_in_Ukraine249" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Political_scandals_in_Ukraine" title="Template:Political scandals in Ukraine"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Political_scandals_in_Ukraine" title="Template talk:Political scandals in Ukraine"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Political_scandals_in_Ukraine" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Political scandals in Ukraine"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Ukraine&#124;link=Ukraine_Political_scandals_in_Ukraine249" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine"><img alt="Ukraine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_scandals_in_Ukraine" title="List of political scandals in Ukraine">Political scandals</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gas disputes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Ukraine_gas_disputes" title="Russia–Ukraine gas disputes">Russia–Ukraine gas disputes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2005%E2%80%932006_Russia%E2%80%93Ukraine_gas_dispute" title="2005–2006 Russia–Ukraine gas dispute">2005–2006 Russia–Ukraine gas dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Russia%E2%80%93Ukraine_gas_dispute" title="2009 Russia–Ukraine gas dispute">2009 Russia–Ukraine gas dispute</a></li></ul></li> <li>2010 <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_Pact" title="Kharkiv Pact">Kharkiv Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_cases_against_Yulia_Tymoshenko_since_2010" title="Criminal cases against Yulia Tymoshenko since 2010">Cases against Yulia Tymoshenko</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_cases_against_supporters_of_Yulia_Tymoshenko" title="Criminal cases against supporters of Yulia Tymoshenko">against supporters</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Lesser_Coat_of_Arms_of_Ukraine.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of Arms of Ukraine"><img alt="Coat of Arms of Ukraine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Lesser_Coat_of_Arms_of_Ukraine.svg/50px-Lesser_Coat_of_Arms_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Lesser_Coat_of_Arms_of_Ukraine.svg/75px-Lesser_Coat_of_Arms_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Lesser_Coat_of_Arms_of_Ukraine.svg/100px-Lesser_Coat_of_Arms_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="330" data-file-height="461" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other scandals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2000 <a href="/wiki/Cassette_Scandal" title="Cassette Scandal">Cassette Scandal</a></li> <li>2000–01 <a href="/wiki/Ukraine_without_Kuchma" title="Ukraine without Kuchma">Ukraine without Kuchma</a></li> <li>2004–05 <a href="/wiki/Orange_Revolution" title="Orange Revolution">Orange Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Ukrainian_political_crisis" title="2006 Ukrainian political crisis">2006 Ukrainian political crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_anti-NATO_protests_in_Feodosia" title="2006 anti-NATO protests in Feodosia">2006 anti-NATO protests in Feodosia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Ukrainian_political_crisis" title="2007 Ukrainian political crisis">2007 Ukrainian political crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Ukrainian_political_crisis" title="2008 Ukrainian political crisis">2008 Ukrainian political crisis</a></li> <li>2010 <a href="/wiki/No_to_police_state" title="No to police state">No to police state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_policy_in_Ukraine" title="Language policy in Ukraine">2012 law on languages</a></li> <li>2013 <a href="/wiki/Rise_up,_Ukraine!" title="Rise up, Ukraine!">Rise up, Ukraine!</a></li> <li>2014 <a href="/wiki/Lustration_in_Ukraine" title="Lustration in Ukraine">Lustration in Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932022_Ukrainian_constitutional_crisis" title="2020–2022 Ukrainian constitutional crisis">2020–2022 Ukrainian constitutional crisis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Euromaidan and Revolution</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2013–14 <a href="/wiki/Euromaidan" title="Euromaidan">Euromaidan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1_December_2013_Euromaidan_riots" class="mw-redirect" title="1 December 2013 Euromaidan riots">1 December 2013 Euromaidan riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11_December_2013_Euromaidan_assault" title="11 December 2013 Euromaidan assault">11 December 2013 Euromaidan assault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Hrushevskoho_Street_riots" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 Hrushevskoho Street riots">2014 Hrushevskoho Street riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Euromaidan_regional_state_administration_occupations" title="2014 Euromaidan regional state administration occupations">2014 Euromaidan regional state administration occupations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolution_of_Dignity" title="Revolution of Dignity">Revolution of Dignity</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2014 pro-Russian unrest</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2014_Odesa_clashes" title="2014 Odesa clashes">2014 Odesa clashes</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">Russo-Ukrainian War</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">2014 annexation of Crimea by Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Donbas" title="War in Donbas">War in Donbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerch_Strait_incident" title="Kerch Strait incident">Kerch Strait incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_law_in_Ukraine" title="Martial law in Ukraine">Martial law in Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_cyberwarfare" title="Russo-Ukrainian cyberwarfare">Russo-Ukrainian cyberwarfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Politics_of_Ukraine90" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_Ukraine_footer" title="Template:Politics of Ukraine footer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_Ukraine_footer" title="Template talk:Politics of Ukraine footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_Ukraine_footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of Ukraine footer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Politics_of_Ukraine90" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Ukraine" title="Politics of Ukraine">Politics of Ukraine</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Political_system" title="Political system">Political system</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Ukraine" title="Constitution of Ukraine">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Ukraine" title="President of Ukraine">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verkhovna_Rada" title="Verkhovna Rada">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Ukraine" title="Government of Ukraine">Cabinet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Ukraine" title="Prime Minister of Ukraine">Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Vice_Prime_Minister_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="First Vice Prime Minister of Ukraine">First Vice Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_Prime_Minister_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice Prime Minister of Ukraine">Vice Prime Ministers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Ukraine" title="Judiciary of Ukraine">Judicial system</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budget_of_Ukraine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Budget of Ukraine (page does not exist)">Budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_parties_in_Ukraine" title="Political parties in Ukraine">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Factions_in_the_Verkhovna_Rada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Factions in the Verkhovna Rada (page does not exist)">Parliament factions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Ukraine" title="Elections in Ukraine">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_Ukraine" title="Referendums in Ukraine">Referendums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Ukraine" title="Foreign relations of Ukraine">Foreign relations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Ukraine" title="Government of Ukraine">Government of Ukraine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fokin_government" title="Fokin government">Fokin government</a> (1990–92)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuchma_government" title="Kuchma government">Kuchma government</a> (1992–93)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Masol_government" title="Second Masol government">Second Masol government</a> (1994–95)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marchuk_government" title="Marchuk government">Marchuk government</a> (1995–96)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lazarenko_government&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lazarenko government (page does not exist)">Lazarenko government</a> (1996–97)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pustovoitenko_government" title="Pustovoitenko government">Pustovoitenko government</a> (1997–99)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yushchenko_government" title="Yushchenko government">Yushchenko government</a> (1999–01)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinakh_government" title="Kinakh government">Kinakh government</a> (2001–02)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Yanukovych_government" title="First Yanukovych government">First Yanukovych government</a> (2002–04)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Tymoshenko_government" title="First Tymoshenko government">First Tymoshenko government</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yekhanurov_government" title="Yekhanurov government">Yekhanurov government</a> (2005–06)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Yanukovych_government" title="Second Yanukovych government">Second Yanukovych government</a> (2006–07)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Tymoshenko_government" title="Second Tymoshenko government">Second Tymoshenko government</a> (2007–10)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Azarov_government" title="First Azarov government">First Azarov government</a> (2010–12)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Azarov_government" title="Second Azarov government">Second Azarov government</a> (2012–14)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Yatsenyuk_government" title="First Yatsenyuk government">First Yatsenyuk government</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Yatsenyuk_Government" title="Second Yatsenyuk Government">Second Yatsenyuk Government</a> (2014–16)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groysman_Government" title="Groysman Government">Groysman Government</a> (2016–2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honcharuk_Government" title="Honcharuk Government">Honcharuk Government</a> (2019–2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shmyhal_Government" title="Shmyhal Government">Shmyhal Government</a> (2020–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_Independence_of_Ukraine" title="Declaration of Independence of Ukraine">Declaration of Independence</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budapest_Memorandum" title="Budapest Memorandum">Budapest Memorandum</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Ukraine" title="Constitution of Ukraine">Constitution</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassette_Scandal" title="Cassette Scandal">Cassette Scandal</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_without_Kuchma" title="Ukraine without Kuchma">Ukraine without Kuchma</a> (2000–01)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_Revolution" title="Orange Revolution">Orange Revolution</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Ukraine#2004_and_2010_amendments" title="Constitution of Ukraine">Constitutional amendments</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Ukrainian_political_crisis" title="2006 Ukrainian political crisis">Political crisis</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Ukrainian_political_crisis" title="2007 Ukrainian political crisis">Political crisis</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Ukrainian_political_crisis" title="2008 Ukrainian political crisis">Political crisis</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_Pact" title="Kharkiv Pact">Kharkiv Pact</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_cases_against_Yulia_Tymoshenko_since_2010" title="Criminal cases against Yulia Tymoshenko since 2010">Cases against Yulia Tymoshenko</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_cases_against_supporters_of_Yulia_Tymoshenko" title="Criminal cases against supporters of Yulia Tymoshenko">against supporters</a> (2010)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dictatorship_Resistance_Committee" title="Dictatorship Resistance Committee">Dictatorship Resistance Committee</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_policy_in_Ukraine" title="Language policy in Ukraine">Law on languages</a> (2012)</li> <li>2013–14 <a href="/wiki/Euromaidan" title="Euromaidan">Euromaidan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Revolution_of_Dignity" title="Revolution of Dignity">Revolution of Dignity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">Russo-Ukrainian War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Outline of the Russo-Ukrainian War">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">Annexation of Crimea by Russia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2014 pro-Russian unrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Donbas" title="War in Donbas">War in Donbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">2022 Russian invasion</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Ukraine_(legislation)" title="Law of Ukraine (legislation)">Law of Ukraine (legislation)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Ukraine" title="Corruption in Ukraine">Corruption in Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_diaspora" title="Ukrainian diaspora">Ukrainian diaspora</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ukraine_articles414" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ukraine_topics" title="Template:Ukraine topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ukraine_topics" title="Template talk:Ukraine topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ukraine_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ukraine topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ukraine_articles414" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ukraine" title="History of Ukraine">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Chronology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scythians" title="Scythians">Scythians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarmatians" title="Sarmatians">Sarmatians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goths" title="Goths">Goths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Slavs" title="Early Slavs">Early Slavs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Slavs" title="East Slavs">East Slavs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuyaba" title="Kuyaba">Kuyaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kievan_Rus%27" title="Kievan Rus'">Kievan Rus'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Kiev" title="Principality of Kiev">Principality of Kiev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasion_of_Kievan_Rus%27" title="Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus'">Mongol invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Galicia%E2%80%93Volhynia" title="Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia">Galicia–Volhynia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania" title="Grand Duchy of Lithuania">Grand Duchy of Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kiev_Voivodeship" title="Kiev Voivodeship">Kiev Voivodeship</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaporozhian_Cossacks" title="Zaporozhian Cossacks">Zaporozhian Cossacks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zaporozhian_Sich" title="Zaporozhian Sich">Sich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cossack_Hetmanate" title="Cossack Hetmanate">Hetmanate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pereiaslav_Agreement" title="Pereiaslav Agreement">Pereiaslav Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galicia_(Eastern_Europe)" title="Galicia (Eastern Europe)">Galicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_War_of_Independence" title="Ukrainian War of Independence">Revolution and War of Independence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_People%27s_Republic" title="Ukrainian People's Republic">Ukrainian People's Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_State" title="Ukrainian State">Ukrainian State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Ukrainian_People%27s_Republic" title="West Ukrainian People's Republic">West Ukrainian People's Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makhnovshchina" title="Makhnovshchina">Makhnovshchina</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichskommissariat_Ukraine" title="Reichskommissariat Ukraine">Reichskommissariat Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_National_Committee" title="Ukrainian National Committee">Ukrainian National Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic">Ukrainian SSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holodomor" title="Holodomor">Holodomor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">Eastern Front (World War II)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massacres_of_Poles_in_Volhynia_and_Eastern_Galicia" title="Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia">Volhynia massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chernobyl_disaster" title="Chernobyl disaster">Chernobyl disaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_Independence_of_Ukraine" title="Declaration of Independence of Ukraine">Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_Revolution" title="Orange Revolution">Orange Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euromaidan" title="Euromaidan">Euromaidan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Revolution_of_Dignity" title="Revolution of Dignity">Revolution of Dignity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">Russo-Ukrainian War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Outline of the Russo-Ukrainian War">Outline</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2014 pro-Russian unrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">Annexation of Crimea by Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Donbas" title="War in Donbas">War in Donbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">2022 Russian invasion</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Christianity_in_Ukraine" title="History of Christianity in Ukraine">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Ukraine" title="Economy of Ukraine">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Ukraine" title="Armed Forces of Ukraine">Military</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Ukraine" title="Geography of Ukraine">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_parks_of_Ukraine" title="National parks of Ukraine">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Network_of_Biosphere_Reserves_in_Europe_and_North_America#Ukraine" title="World Network of Biosphere Reserves in Europe and North America">Biosphere reserves</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Natural_Wonders_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Seven Natural Wonders of Ukraine">Seven Natural Wonders of Ukraine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_nature_reserves_of_Ukraine" title="List of nature reserves of Ukraine">Nature reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Populated_places_in_Ukraine" title="Populated places in Ukraine">Populated places</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Ukraine" title="List of cities in Ukraine">Cities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_longest_rivers_of_Ukraine" title="List of longest rivers of Ukraine">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Ukraine" title="List of mountains in Ukraine">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_waterfalls_in_Ukraine" title="List of waterfalls in Ukraine">Waterfalls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Ukraine" title="List of islands of Ukraine">Islands and sandbars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Ukraine" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Ukraine">World Heritage Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Ukraine" title="Wildlife of Ukraine">Wildlife</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Ukraine" title="Politics of Ukraine">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Ukraine" title="Administrative divisions of Ukraine">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Ukraine" title="Constitution of Ukraine">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Ukraine" title="Flag of Ukraine">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Ukraine" title="President of Ukraine">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verkhovna_Rada" title="Verkhovna Rada">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Ukraine" title="Government of Ukraine">Government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Ukraine" title="Foreign relations of Ukraine">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Ukraine" title="Armed Forces of Ukraine">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_parties_in_Ukraine" title="Political parties in Ukraine">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Ukraine" title="Elections in Ukraine">Elections</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Ukraine" title="Judiciary of Ukraine">Judiciary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Ukraine" title="Law of Ukraine">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Internal_Affairs_(Ukraine)" title="Ministry of Internal Affairs (Ukraine)">Law enforcement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Ukraine–European Union relations">Ukraine–European Union relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Ukraine–NATO relations">Ukraine–NATO relations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Ukraine" title="Economy of Ukraine">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_hryvnia" title="Ukrainian hryvnia">Hryvnia (currency)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Ukraine" title="Banking in Ukraine">Banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_exchanges_in_Ukraine" title="Stock exchanges in Ukraine">Stock exchanges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Ukraine" title="Energy in Ukraine">Energy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_in_Ukraine" title="Electricity in Ukraine">Electricity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Ukraine" title="Science and technology in Ukraine">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Ukraine" title="Telecommunications in Ukraine">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Ukraine" title="Tourism in Ukraine">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Ukraine" title="Transport in Ukraine">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Ukraine" title="Category:Society of Ukraine">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Ukraine" title="Education in Ukraine">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Ukraine" title="Corruption in Ukraine">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_inequality_in_Ukraine" title="Gender inequality in Ukraine">Gender inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Ukraine" title="Health in Ukraine">Health</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Ukraine" title="Abortion in Ukraine">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Ukraine" title="HIV/AIDS in Ukraine">HIV/AIDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_swine_flu_pandemic" title="2009 swine flu pandemic">Swine flu pandemic</a> (2009-10)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ukraine" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Ukraine">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Ukraine" title="Crime in Ukraine">Crime</a> and <a href="/wiki/Suicide_in_Ukraine" title="Suicide in Ukraine">suicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Ukraine" title="Human rights in Ukraine">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_press_in_Ukraine" title="Freedom of the press in Ukraine">Freedom of the press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Ukraine">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_Ukraine" title="Human trafficking in Ukraine">Human trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Ukraine" title="Languages of Ukraine">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minorities_in_Ukraine" title="Minorities in Ukraine">Minorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Ukraine" title="Prostitution in Ukraine">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Ukraine" title="Religion in Ukraine">Religion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Ukraine" title="Culture of Ukraine">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ukrainian_animation" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Ukrainian animation">Animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_architecture" title="Ukrainian architecture">Architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Kievan_Rus%27" title="Architecture of Kievan Rus'">Kievan Rus'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_baroque" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian baroque">Baroque</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arts_of_Ukraine" title="Arts of Ukraine">Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Ukraine" title="Cinema of Ukraine">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_cuisine" title="Ukrainian cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_wine" title="Ukrainian wine">Wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Cultural icons <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandura" title="Bandura">Bandura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borscht" title="Borscht">Borscht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_fairy_tale" title="Ukrainian fairy tale">Kazka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kobzar" title="Kobzar">Kobzar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pysanka" class="mw-redirect" title="Pysanka">Pysanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rushnyk" title="Rushnyk">Rushnyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyshyvanka" title="Vyshyvanka">Vyshyvanka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_dance" title="Ukrainian dance">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_folklore" title="Ukrainian folklore">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Ukraine" title="Public holidays in Ukraine">Holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_of_Ukraine" title="Intangible Cultural Heritage of Ukraine">Intangible Cultural Heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_literature" title="Ukrainian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Ukraine" title="Mass media in Ukraine">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Ukraine" title="Music of Ukraine">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opera_in_Ukraine" title="Opera in Ukraine">Opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Ukraine" title="Photography in Ukraine">Photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Ukraine" title="Sport in Ukraine">Sport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Ukraine" title="Demographics of Ukraine">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainians" title="Ukrainians">Ukrainian people</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rus%27_people" title="Rus' people">Rus' people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruthenians" title="Ruthenians">Ruthenians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_diaspora" title="Ukrainian diaspora">Diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_refugee_crisis_(2022%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian refugee crisis (2022–present)">Refugees</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Immigration to Ukraine">Immigration to Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censuses_in_Ukraine" title="Censuses in Ukraine">Censuses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Ukraine" title="Women in Ukraine">Women</a></li></ul> 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