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Robert W. Holley – Wikipédia
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<header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Tartalomjegyzék" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tartalomjegyzék kinyitása/becsukása" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tartalomjegyzék kinyitása/becsukása</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Robert W. Holley</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ugrás egy más nyelvű szócikkre. Elérhető 54 nyelven" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-54" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">54 nyelv</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_W._Holley" title="Robert W. Holley – angol" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Robert W. Holley" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%87%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A" title="روبرت هولي – arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="روبرت هولي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%87%D9%88%D9%84%D9%89_(%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85_%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%87_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7)" title="روبرت هولى (عالم كيمياء حيويه من امريكا) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="روبرت هولى (عالم كيمياء حيويه من امريكا)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%AF%D8%A8%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88._%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C" title="رابرت دبلیو. هالی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="رابرت دبلیو. هالی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Роберт Холі – belarusz" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Роберт Холі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8A%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Робърт Холи – bolgár" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Робърт Холи" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bolgár" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89._%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF" title="রবার্ট ডব্লিউ. হোলি – bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রবার্ট ডব্লিউ. হোলি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_W._Holley" title="Robert W. Holley – katalán" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Robert W. Holley" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%DB%86%D8%A8%DB%8E%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85_%DA%BE%DB%86%D9%84%DB%8C" title="ڕۆبێرت ویلیام ھۆلی – közép-ázsiai kurd" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕۆبێرت ویلیام ھۆلی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="közép-ázsiai kurd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_W._Holley" title="Robert W. Holley – cseh" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Robert W. Holley" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cseh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_W._Holley" title="Robert W. Holley – német" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Robert W. Holley" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="német" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_W._Holley" title="Robert W. Holley – eszperantó" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Robert W. Holley" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="eszperantó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_W._Holley" title="Robert W. Holley – spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Robert W. Holley" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Holley" title="Robert Holley – észt" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Robert Holley" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="észt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_William_Holley" title="Robert William Holley – baszk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Robert William Holley" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baszk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%AF%D8%A8%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88._%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C" title="رابرت دبلیو. هالی – perzsa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رابرت دبلیو. هالی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzsa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_W._Holley" title="Robert W. Holley – finn" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Robert W. Holley" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Holley" title="Robert Holley – francia" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Robert Holley" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Holley" title="Robert Holley – ír" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Robert Holley" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ír" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%98_%D7%94%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99" title="רוברט הולי – héber" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רוברט הולי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="héber" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_W._Holley" title="Robert W. Holley – horvát" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Robert W. Holley" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="horvát" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_William_Holley" title="Robert William Holley – indonéz" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Robert William Holley" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonéz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_W._Holley" title="Robert W. Holley – idó" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Robert W. Holley" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="idó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_William_Holley" title="Robert William Holley – olasz" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Robert William Holley" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="olasz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E3%83%BBW%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9B%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC" title="ロバート・W・ホリー – japán" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ロバート・W・ホリー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2_%E1%83%B0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="რობერტ ჰოლი – grúz" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რობერტ ჰოლი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="grúz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Роберт Холли – kazah" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Роберт Холли" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EB%B2%84%ED%8A%B8_W._%ED%99%80%EB%A6%AC" title="로버트 W. 홀리 – koreai" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="로버트 W. 홀리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82._%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" title="रॉबर्ट डब्ल्यू. हॉली – maráthi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="रॉबर्ट डब्ल्यू. हॉली" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="maráthi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_W._Holley" title="Robert W. Holley – maláj" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Robert W. Holley" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="maláj" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%AF%D8%A8%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88._%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C" title="رابرت دبلیو. هالی – mázanderáni" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="رابرت دبلیو. هالی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mázanderáni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_William_Holley" title="Robert William Holley – alsónémet" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Robert William Holley" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="alsónémet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_W._Holley" title="Robert W. Holley – holland" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Robert W. Holley" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="holland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_W._Holley" title="Robert W. Holley – norvég (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Robert W. Holley" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvég (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_W._Holley" title="Robert W. Holley – okszitán" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Robert W. Holley" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okszitán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_William_Holley" title="Robert William Holley – lengyel" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Robert William Holley" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="lengyel" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%B9_%DB%81%D9%88%D9%84%D8%B1" title="رابرٹ ہولر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="رابرٹ ہولر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Holley" title="Robert Holley – portugál" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Robert Holley" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugál" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8,_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82" title="Холли, Роберт – orosz" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Холли, Роберт" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="orosz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_V._Holi" title="Robert V. Holi – szerbhorvát" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Robert V. Holi" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="szerbhorvát" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_W._Holley" title="Robert W. Holley – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Robert W. Holley" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_V._Holi" title="Robert V. Holi – szerb" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Robert V. Holi" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="szerb" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_W._Holley" title="Robert W. Holley – svéd" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Robert W. Holley" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svéd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Holley" title="Robert Holley – szuahéli" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Robert Holley" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="szuahéli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%95_%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B9._%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C" title="รอเบิร์ต ดับเบิลยู. ฮอลลีย์ – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รอเบิร์ต ดับเบิลยู. ฮอลลีย์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_William_Holley" title="Robert William Holley – török" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Robert William Holley" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="török" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D2%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Роберт Һолли – tatár" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Роберт Һолли" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatár" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Роберт Вільям Голлі – ukrán" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Роберт Вільям Голлі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%B9_%DA%88%D8%A8%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88_%DB%81%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C" title="رابرٹ ڈبلیو ہولی – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="رابرٹ ڈبلیو ہولی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_W._Holley" title="Robert W. Holley – üzbég" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Robert W. Holley" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="üzbég" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_W._Holley" title="Robert W. Holley – vietnámi" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Robert W. Holley" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnámi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2_%E1%83%B0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="რობერტ ჰოლი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="რობერტ ჰოლი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_W._Holley" title="Robert W. Holley – joruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Robert W. Holley" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="joruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7W%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E5%88%A9" title="羅伯特·W·霍利 – kínai" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="羅伯特·W·霍利" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kínai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q108891#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Nyelvközi hivatkozások szerkesztése" class="wbc-editpage">Hivatkozások szerkesztése</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Névterek"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Robert_W._Holley" title="A lap megtekintése [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Szócikk</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vita:Robert_W._Holley&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Az oldal tartalmának megvitatása (a lap nem létezik) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Vitalap</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Nyelvvariáns váltása" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" 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id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Eszközök</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">áthelyezés az oldalsávba</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">elrejtés</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" 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href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1lis:Mi_hivatkozik_erre/Robert_W._Holley" title="Az erre a lapra hivatkozó más lapok listája [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Mi hivatkozik erre?</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1lis:Kapcsol%C3%B3d%C3%B3_v%C3%A1ltoztat%C3%A1sok/Robert_W._Holley" rel="nofollow" title="Az erről a lapról hivatkozott lapok utolsó változtatásai [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Kapcsolódó változtatások</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1lis:Speci%C3%A1lis_lapok" title="Az összes speciális lap listája [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Speciális lapok</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_W._Holley&oldid=27522537" title="Állandó hivatkozás ezen lap ezen változatához"><span>Hivatkozás erre a változatra</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_W._Holley&action=info" title="További információk erről a 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style="color:black;background-color:#BED8E6;">Robert W. Holley</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A1jl:Robert_Holley.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Robert_Holley.jpg" decoding="async" width="181" height="229" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="181" data-file-height="229" /></a></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td class="cimke" style="padding:0px 3px 0px 0px;"><b>Született</b></td><td><a href="/wiki/1922" title="1922">1922</a>. <a href="/wiki/Janu%C3%A1r_28." title="Január 28.">január 28.</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Urbana_(Illinois)" title="Urbana (Illinois)">Urbana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td class="cimke" style="padding:0px 3px 0px 0px;"><b>Elhunyt</b></td><td><a href="/wiki/1993" title="1993">1993</a>. <a href="/wiki/Febru%C3%A1r_11." title="Február 11.">február 11.</a> (71 évesen)<br /><a href="/wiki/Los_Gatos" title="Los Gatos">Los Gatos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kalifornia" title="Kalifornia">Kalifornia</a></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td class="cimke" style="padding:0px 3px 0px 0px;"><b>Állampolgársága</b></td><td><a href="/wiki/Amerikai_Egyes%C3%BClt_%C3%81llamok" title="Amerikai Egyesült Államok">amerikai</a><sup id="cite_ref-9eb77397d225b60a6292839af4c06240a47c26d1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9eb77397d225b60a6292839af4c06240a47c26d1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fb78ff965692198184a62fa960b56c790345e46d_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fb78ff965692198184a62fa960b56c790345e46d-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-db754a6693fb971f80fbe1407d62d64f5b91d4f2_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-db754a6693fb971f80fbe1407d62d64f5b91d4f2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td class="cimke" style="padding:0px 3px 0px 0px;"><b>Foglalkozása</b></td><td><a href="/wiki/Biok%C3%A9mia" title="Biokémia">biokémikus</a></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td class="cimke" style="padding:0px 3px 0px 0px;"><b>Iskolái</b></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Illinoisi_Egyetem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Illinoisi Egyetem (a lap nem létezik)">Illinoisi Egyetem</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Cornell_Egyetem" title="Cornell Egyetem">Cornell Egyetem</a></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td class="cimke" style="padding:0px 3px 0px 0px;"><b>Kitüntetései</b></td><td><a href="/wiki/Fiziol%C3%B3giai_%C3%A9s_orvostudom%C3%A1nyi_Nobel-d%C3%ADj" title="Fiziológiai és orvostudományi Nobel-díj">Orvostudományi Nobel-díj</a> (1968)</td></tr><tr><td class="cimke" style="padding:0px 3px 0px 0px;vertical-align:top"><b>Halál oka</b></td><td style="padding:0px;"><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCd%C5%91r%C3%A1k" title="Tüdőrák">tüdőrák</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color: #E4EBF3;color:black;text-align:center;"><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure><div>A <a href="/wiki/Wikim%C3%A9dia_Commons" title="Wikimédia Commons">Wikimédia Commons</a> tartalmaz <i><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Robert_Holley" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Robert Holley">Robert W. Holley</a></i> témájú médiaállományokat.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="fejezet" colspan="2" style="padding:3px 2px;background-color: #E4EBF3;color:black;text-align:center;"><b><small><a href="/wiki/Sablon:Szem%C3%A9ly_infobox" title="Sablon:Személy infobox">Sablon</a> • <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108891" class="extiw" title="d:Q108891">Wikidata</a> • <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Seg%C3%ADts%C3%A9g_az_infoboxokhoz" title="Wikipédia:Segítség az infoboxokhoz">Segítség</a></small></b></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Robert William Holley</b> (<a href="/wiki/Urbana_(Illinois)" title="Urbana (Illinois)">Urbana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a>, <a href="/wiki/1922" title="1922">1922</a>. <a href="/wiki/Janu%C3%A1r_28." title="Január 28.">január 28.</a> – <a href="/wiki/Los_Gatos" title="Los Gatos">Los Gatos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kalifornia" title="Kalifornia">Kalifornia</a>, <a href="/wiki/1993" title="1993">1993</a>. <a href="/wiki/Febru%C3%A1r_11." title="Február 11.">február 11.</a>) amerikai <a href="/wiki/Biok%C3%A9mia" title="Biokémia">biokémikus</a>. 1968-ban <a href="/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana">Har Gobind Khoranával</a> és <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Warren_Nirenberg" title="Marshall Warren Nirenberg">Marshall Warren Nirenberggel</a> megosztva elnyerte az <a href="/wiki/Fiziol%C3%B3giai_%C3%A9s_orvostudom%C3%A1nyi_Nobel-d%C3%ADj" title="Fiziológiai és orvostudományi Nobel-díj">orvostudományi Nobel-díjat</a> a <a href="/wiki/Transzfer_RNS" title="Transzfer RNS">transzfer RNS</a> szerkezetének felderítéséért. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pályája"><span id="P.C3.A1ly.C3.A1ja"></span>Pályája</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_W._Holley&action=edit&section=1" title="Szakasz szerkesztése: Pályája"><span>szerkesztés</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Robert W. Holley 1922. január 28-án született az <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">illinoisi</a> Urban városában. Szülei, Charles Elmer Holley és Viola Esther Holley (lánykori nevén Wolfe), mindketten tanárok voltak; Robert egyike volt négy fiuknak. Illinoisban, <a href="/wiki/Kalifornia" title="Kalifornia">Kaliforniában</a> és <a href="/wiki/Idaho" title="Idaho">Idahóban</a> járt különböző iskolákba és végül szülővárosában érettségizett 1938-ban. Az <a href="/w/index.php?title=Illinoisi_Egyetem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Illinoisi Egyetem (a lap nem létezik)">Illinoisi Egyetemen</a> kémiát tanult és miután 1942-ben megszerezte a <a href="/wiki/BSc" title="BSc">BSc</a> oklevelet a <a href="/wiki/Cornell_Egyetem" title="Cornell Egyetem">Cornell Egyetemen</a> folytatta tanulmányait. 1944-46-ban együtt dolgozott Vincent du Vigneauddal, aki először szintetizálta a <a href="/wiki/Penicillin" title="Penicillin">penicillint</a>. Holley 1947-ben szerezte meg doktorátusát szerves kémiából. </p><p>1947-ben az Amerikai Kémiai Társaság ösztöndíjával a Washingtoni Állami Egyetemen kezdett dolgozni, majd a következő évben visszatért a Cornellre, ahol 1950-ben docensi kinevezést kapott. 1955-1956-ban egy kutatóévet a CalTechben (<a href="/wiki/California_Institute_of_Technology" title="California Institute of Technology">California Institute of Technology</a>) töltött. 1958-ban visszatért a Cornellre, egy, a Mezőgazdasági Minisztérium által finanszírozott laboratóriumba. 1962-ben biokémiai professzori kinevezést kapott. 1964-től kezdve teljes munkaidejében az egyetemen dolgozott és 1965-66-ban ő volt a biokémiai tanszék vezetője. A következő évet a kaliforniai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Salk_Int%C3%A9zet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salk Intézet (a lap nem létezik)">Salk Intézetben</a> töltötte, ahová 1968-tól végleg átköltözött (bár kapcsolatot a Cornell Egyetemmel továbbra is megtartotta), mint a <a href="/wiki/Molekul%C3%A1ris_biol%C3%B3gia" title="Molekuláris biológia">molekuláris biológia</a> professzora és a San Diegói Kaliforniai Egyetem (<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_California,_San_Diego&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of California, San Diego (a lap nem létezik)">University of California, San Diego</a>) társprofesszora. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tudományos_munkássága"><span id="Tudom.C3.A1nyos_munk.C3.A1ss.C3.A1ga"></span>Tudományos munkássága</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_W._Holley&action=edit&section=2" title="Szakasz szerkesztése: Tudományos munkássága"><span>szerkesztés</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bár kémiai képesítést kapott, Holley megtartotta érdeklődését az élőlények iránt és szerves kémiából doktorált. Témája a szerves kémián belül is a természetes eredetű anyagok voltak, majd fokozatosan sodródott a biokémia felé, kutatta az <a href="/wiki/Aminosavak" title="Aminosavak">aminosavakat</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Peptid" title="Peptid">peptideket</a>, majd a <a href="/wiki/Feh%C3%A9rje" title="Fehérje">fehérjék</a> bioszintézisét kezdte tanulmányozni. Amikor sikerült izolálni az <a href="/wiki/Alanin" title="Alanin">alanin</a> <a href="/wiki/Transzfer_RNS" title="Transzfer RNS">transzfer RNS</a>-ét, ez vált kutatásai fókuszpontjává és tíz évet töltött szerkezetének felderítésével. A viszonylag rövid <a href="/wiki/Ribonukleinsav" title="Ribonukleinsav">RNS</a>-molekula teljes nukleotidsorrendjével 1964 végére készült el, ez volt az első RNS-amelynek ismertté vált a szekvenciája. </p><p>A későbbiekben elsősorban a sejtosztódást és az azt szabályozó tényezőket kutatta, amivel jelentősen hozzájárult a rákkutatáshoz. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Elismerései"><span id="Elismer.C3.A9sei"></span>Elismerései</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_W._Holley&action=edit&section=3" title="Szakasz szerkesztése: Elismerései"><span>szerkesztés</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1968-ban Robert W. Holley a <a href="/wiki/Genetikai_k%C3%B3d" title="Genetikai kód">genetikai kód</a> és a <a href="/wiki/Feh%C3%A9rjeszint%C3%A9zis" title="Fehérjeszintézis">fehérjeszintézis</a> más úttörőivel, <a href="/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana">Har Gobind Khoranával</a> és <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Warren_Nirenberg" title="Marshall Warren Nirenberg">Marshall W. Nirenberggel</a> közösen <a href="/wiki/Fiziol%C3%B3giai_%C3%A9s_orvostudom%C3%A1nyi_Nobel-d%C3%ADj" title="Fiziológiai és orvostudományi Nobel-díj">orvostudományi Nobel-díjban</a> részesült. </p><p>Holley tagja volt az <a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="National Academy of Sciences">Amerikai Tudományos Akadémiának</a>, az Amerikai Művészeti és Tudományos Akadémiának, az <a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="American Association for the Advancement of Science (a lap nem létezik)">Amerikai Tudomány Haladását Segítő Társaságnak</a>, az Amerikai Biokémiai és az Amerikai Kémiai Társaságnak. 1965-ben megkapta az orvostudományi alapkutatásért járó <a href="/wiki/Albert_Lasker-d%C3%ADj" title="Albert Lasker-díj">Albert Lasker-díjat</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Családja"><span id="Csal.C3.A1dja"></span>Családja</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_W._Holley&action=edit&section=4" title="Szakasz szerkesztése: Családja"><span>szerkesztés</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Robert W. Holley 1945-ben házasodott össze Ann Dworkin matematikatanárnővel. Egy fiuk született, Frederick Holley. Robert W. Holley 1993. február 11-én halt meg <a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCd%C5%91r%C3%A1k" title="Tüdőrák">tüdőrákban</a>, 71 éves korában. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jegyzetek">Jegyzetek</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_W._Holley&action=edit&section=5" title="Szakasz szerkesztése: Jegyzetek"><span>szerkesztés</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="ref-1col"><div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-gap: 3em; -moz-column-gap: 3em; column-gap: 3em;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-9eb77397d225b60a6292839af4c06240a47c26d1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9eb77397d225b60a6292839af4c06240a47c26d1_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.nndb.com/gov/021/000127637/">http://www.nndb.com/gov/021/000127637/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fb78ff965692198184a62fa960b56c790345e46d-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-fb78ff965692198184a62fa960b56c790345e46d_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/416856/Nobel-Prize/93434/The-prizes"><i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i></a> (angol nyelven)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-db754a6693fb971f80fbe1407d62d64f5b91d4f2-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-db754a6693fb971f80fbe1407d62d64f5b91d4f2_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nndb.com/people/316/000129926/"><i>NNDB</i></a> (angol nyelven)</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div><div class="ref-1col"><div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-gap: 3em; -moz-column-gap: 3em; column-gap: 3em;"></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Források"><span id="Forr.C3.A1sok"></span>Források</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_W._Holley&action=edit&section=6" title="Szakasz szerkesztése: Források"><span>szerkesztés</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1968/holley-bio.html">Robert W. Holley – Biographical</a> <i>NobelPrize.org</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nndb.com/people/316/000129926/">Robert W. Holley</a> <i>Notable Names Database</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/269391/Robert-William-Holley">Robert William Holley</a> <i>Encyclopaedia Britannica</i></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r26593303">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Fiziológiai_és_orvostudományi_Nobel-díjasok" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar noprint hlist plainlinks mini" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;;font-size:xx-small"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r26593303"><span style="display:none"><a href="/wiki/Sablon:OrvosiNobelD%C3%ADj" title="Sablon:OrvosiNobelDíj">Sablon:OrvosiNobelDíj</a></span><ul style="display:inline"><li class="nv-view"><a class="external text" href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sablon:OrvosiNobelD%C3%ADj"><span title="Mutasd ezt a sablont" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">m</span></a></li> <li class="nv-talk"><a class="external text" href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sablonvita:OrvosiNobelD%C3%ADj"><span title="A sablon vitalapja" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</span></a></li> <li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sablon:OrvosiNobelD%C3%ADj&action=edit"><span title="A sablon szerkesztése" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">sz</span></a></li></ul></div><div id="Fiziológiai_és_orvostudományi_Nobel-díjasok" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Fiziol%C3%B3giai_%C3%A9s_orvostudom%C3%A1nyi_Nobel-d%C3%ADj" title="Fiziológiai és orvostudományi Nobel-díj">Fiziológiai és orvostudományi Nobel-díjasok</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1901–1925</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1901: <a href="/wiki/Emil_von_Behring" title="Emil von Behring">Emil von Behring</a></li> <li>1902: <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Ross" title="Ronald Ross">Ronald Ross</a></li> <li>1903: <a href="/wiki/Niels_Ryberg_Finsen" title="Niels Ryberg Finsen">Niels Ryberg Finsen</a></li> <li>1904: <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Petrovics_Pavlov" title="Ivan Petrovics Pavlov">Ivan Petrovics Pavlov</a></li> <li>1905: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Koch" title="Robert Koch">Robert Koch</a>1906: <a href="/wiki/Camillo_Golgi" title="Camillo Golgi">Camillo Golgi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santiago_Ram%C3%B3n_y_Cajal" title="Santiago Ramón y Cajal">Santiago Ramón y Cajal</a></li> <li>1907: <a href="/wiki/Alphonse_Laveran" title="Alphonse Laveran">Alphonse Laveran</a></li> <li>1908: <a href="/wiki/Ilja_Iljics_Mecsnyikov" title="Ilja Iljics Mecsnyikov">Ilja Mecsnyikov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Ehrlich" title="Paul Ehrlich">Paul Ehrlich</a></li> <li>1909: <a href="/wiki/Emil_Theodor_Kocher" title="Emil Theodor Kocher">Emil Theodor Kocher</a></li> <li>1910: <a href="/wiki/Albrecht_Kossel" title="Albrecht Kossel">Albrecht Kossel</a></li> <li>1911: <a href="/wiki/Allvar_Gullstrand" title="Allvar Gullstrand">Allvar Gullstrand</a></li> <li>1912: <a href="/wiki/Alexis_Carrel" title="Alexis Carrel">Alexis Carrel</a></li> <li>1913: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Richet" title="Charles Richet">Charles Richet</a></li> <li>1914: <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1r%C3%A1ny_R%C3%B3bert" title="Bárány Róbert">Bárány Róbert</a></li> <li>1919: <a href="/wiki/Jules_Bordet" title="Jules Bordet">Jules Bordet</a></li> <li>1920: <a href="/wiki/August_Krogh" title="August Krogh">August Krogh</a></li> <li>1922: <a href="/wiki/Archibald_Hill" title="Archibald Hill">Archibald Hill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Otto_Fritz_Meyerhof" title="Otto Fritz Meyerhof">Otto Fritz Meyerhof</a></li> <li>1923: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Banting" title="Frederick Banting">Frederick Banting</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_James_Rickard_Macleod" title="John James Rickard Macleod">John James Rickard Macleod</a></li> <li>1924: <a href="/wiki/Willem_Einthoven" title="Willem Einthoven">Willem Einthoven</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1926–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1926: <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Fibiger" title="Johannes Fibiger">Johannes Fibiger</a></li> <li>1927: <a href="/wiki/Julius_Wagner-Jauregg" title="Julius Wagner-Jauregg">Julius Wagner-Jauregg</a></li> <li>1928: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Nicolle" title="Charles Nicolle">Charles Nicolle</a></li> <li>1929: <a href="/wiki/Christiaan_Eijkman" title="Christiaan Eijkman">Christiaan Eijkman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Gowland_Hopkins" title="Frederick Gowland Hopkins">Frederick Gowland Hopkins</a></li> <li>1930: <a href="/wiki/Karl_Landsteiner" title="Karl Landsteiner">Karl Landsteiner</a></li> <li>1931: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Heinrich_Warburg" title="Otto Heinrich Warburg">Otto Heinrich Warburg</a></li> <li>1932: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Scott_Sherrington" title="Charles Scott Sherrington">Charles Scott Sherrington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Douglas_Adrian" title="Edgar Douglas Adrian">Edgar Douglas Adrian</a></li> <li>1933: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hunt_Morgan" title="Thomas Hunt Morgan">Thomas Hunt Morgan</a></li> <li>1934: <a href="/wiki/George_Whipple" title="George Whipple">George Whipple</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Minot" title="George Minot">George Minot</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Parry_Murphy" title="William Parry Murphy">William Parry Murphy</a></li> <li>1935: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Spemann" title="Hans Spemann">Hans Spemann</a></li> <li>1936: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Hallett_Dale" title="Henry Hallett Dale">Henry Hallett Dale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Otto_Loewi" title="Otto Loewi">Otto Loewi</a></li> <li>1937: <a href="/wiki/Szent-Gy%C3%B6rgyi_Albert" title="Szent-Györgyi Albert">Szent-Györgyi Albert</a></li> <li>1938: <a href="/wiki/Corneille_Heymans" title="Corneille Heymans">Corneille Heymans</a></li> <li>1939: <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Domagk" title="Gerhard Domagk">Gerhard Domagk</a></li> <li>1943: <a href="/wiki/Henrik_Dam" title="Henrik Dam">Henrik Dam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Adelbert_Doisy" title="Edward Adelbert Doisy">Edward Adelbert Doisy</a></li> <li>1944: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Erlanger" title="Joseph Erlanger">Joseph Erlanger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Spencer_Gasser" title="Herbert Spencer Gasser">Herbert Spencer Gasser</a></li> <li>1945: <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming">Alexander Fleming</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Boris_Chain" title="Ernst Boris Chain">Ernst Boris Chain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Howard_Florey" title="Howard Florey">Howard Florey</a></li> <li>1946: <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Joseph_Muller" title="Hermann Joseph Muller">Hermann Joseph Muller</a></li> <li>1947: <a href="/wiki/Carl_Ferdinand_Cori" title="Carl Ferdinand Cori">Carl Ferdinand Cori</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gerty_Cori" title="Gerty Cori">Gerty Cori</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Houssay" title="Bernardo Houssay">Bernardo Houssay</a></li> <li>1948: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Hermann_M%C3%BCller" title="Paul Hermann Müller">Paul Hermann Müller</a></li> <li>1949: <a href="/wiki/Walter_Rudolf_Hess" title="Walter Rudolf Hess">Walter Rudolf Hess</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Egas_Moniz" title="António Egas Moniz">António Egas Moniz</a></li> <li>1950: <a href="/wiki/Edward_Calvin_Kendall" title="Edward Calvin Kendall">Edward Calvin Kendall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tadeus_Reichstein" title="Tadeus Reichstein">Tadeus Reichstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philip_Showalter_Hench" title="Philip Showalter Hench">Philip Showalter Hench</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1951: <a href="/wiki/Max_Theiler" title="Max Theiler">Max Theiler</a></li> <li>1952: <a href="/wiki/Selman_Waksman" title="Selman Waksman">Selman Waksman</a></li> <li>1953: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Adolf_Krebs" title="Hans Adolf Krebs">Hans Adolf Krebs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Albert_Lipmann" title="Fritz Albert Lipmann">Fritz Albert Lipmann</a></li> <li>1954: <a href="/wiki/John_Franklin_Enders" title="John Franklin Enders">John Franklin Enders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Huckle_Weller" title="Thomas Huckle Weller">Thomas Huckle Weller</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Chapman_Robbins" title="Frederick Chapman Robbins">Frederick Chapman Robbins</a></li> <li>1955: <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Theorell" title="Hugo Theorell">Hugo Theorell</a></li> <li>1956: <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Cournand" title="André Frédéric Cournand">André Frédéric Cournand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Werner_For%C3%9Fmann" title="Werner Forßmann">Werner Forßmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dickinson_W._Richards" title="Dickinson W. Richards">Dickinson W. Richards</a></li> <li>1957: <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Bovet" title="Daniel Bovet">Daniel Bovet</a></li> <li>1958: <a href="/wiki/George_Wells_Beadle" title="George Wells Beadle">George Wells Beadle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Lawrie_Tatum" title="Edward Lawrie Tatum">Edward Lawrie Tatum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Lederberg" title="Joshua Lederberg">Joshua Lederberg</a></li> <li>1959: <a href="/wiki/Severo_Ochoa" title="Severo Ochoa">Severo Ochoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Kornberg" title="Arthur Kornberg">Arthur Kornberg</a></li> <li>1960: <a href="/wiki/Frank_Macfarlane_Burnet" title="Frank Macfarlane Burnet">Frank Macfarlane Burnet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Medawar" title="Peter Medawar">Peter Medawar</a></li> <li>1961: <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9k%C3%A9sy_Gy%C3%B6rgy" title="Békésy György">Békésy György</a></li> <li>1962: <a href="/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick">Francis Crick</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_D._Watson" title="James D. Watson">James D. Watson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Wilkins" title="Maurice Wilkins">Maurice Wilkins</a></li> <li>1963: <a href="/wiki/John_Carew_Eccles" title="John Carew Eccles">John Carew Eccles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin" title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin">Alan Lloyd Hodgkin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Huxley" title="Andrew Huxley">Andrew Huxley</a></li> <li>1964: <a href="/wiki/Konrad_Emil_Bloch" title="Konrad Emil Bloch">Konrad Emil Bloch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Feodor_Lynen" title="Feodor Lynen">Feodor Lynen</a></li> <li>1965: <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Jacob" title="François Jacob">François Jacob</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Michel_Lwoff" title="André Michel Lwoff">André Michel Lwoff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Monod" title="Jacques Monod">Jacques Monod</a></li> <li>1966: <a href="/wiki/Francis_Peyton_Rous" title="Francis Peyton Rous">Francis Peyton Rous</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Brenton_Huggins" title="Charles Brenton Huggins">Charles Brenton Huggins</a></li> <li>1967: <a href="/wiki/Ragnar_Granit" title="Ragnar Granit">Ragnar Granit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haldan_Keffer_Hartline" title="Haldan Keffer Hartline">Haldan Keffer Hartline</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Wald" title="George Wald">George Wald</a></li> <li>1968: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Robert W. Holley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana">Har Gobind Khorana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Warren_Nirenberg" title="Marshall Warren Nirenberg">Marshall Warren Nirenberg</a></li> <li>1969: <a href="/wiki/Max_Delbr%C3%BCck" title="Max Delbrück">Max Delbrück</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hershey" title="Alfred Hershey">Alfred Hershey</a><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Luria" title="Salvador Luria">Salvador Luria</a></li> <li>1970: <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Katz" title="Bernard Katz">Bernard Katz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ulf_von_Euler" title="Ulf von Euler">Ulf von Euler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julius_Axelrod" title="Julius Axelrod">Julius Axelrod</a></li> <li>1971: <a href="/wiki/Earl_Wilbur_Sutherland" title="Earl Wilbur Sutherland">Earl Wilbur Sutherland</a></li> <li>1972: <a href="/wiki/Gerald_M._Edelman" title="Gerald M. Edelman">Gerald M. Edelman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rodney_Robert_Porter" title="Rodney Robert Porter">Rodney Robert Porter</a></li> <li>1973: <a href="/wiki/Karl_von_Frisch" title="Karl von Frisch">Karl von Frisch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Konrad_Lorenz" title="Konrad Lorenz">Konrad Lorenz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nikolaas_Tinbergen" title="Nikolaas Tinbergen">Nikolaas Tinbergen</a></li> <li>1974: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Claude" title="Albert Claude">Albert Claude</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christian_de_Duve" title="Christian de Duve">Christian de Duve</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Emil_Palade" title="George Emil Palade">George Emil Palade</a></li> <li>1975: <a href="/wiki/David_Baltimore" title="David Baltimore">David Baltimore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Renato_Dulbecco" title="Renato Dulbecco">Renato Dulbecco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Howard_Martin_Temin" title="Howard Martin Temin">Howard Martin Temin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1976: <a href="/wiki/Baruch_Samuel_Blumberg" title="Baruch Samuel Blumberg">Baruch Samuel Blumberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Carleton_Gajdusek" title="Daniel Carleton Gajdusek">Daniel Carleton Gajdusek</a></li> <li>1977: <a href="/wiki/Roger_Guillemin" title="Roger Guillemin">Roger Guillemin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Schally" title="Andrew Schally">Andrew Schally</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rosalyn_Sussman_Yalow" title="Rosalyn Sussman Yalow">Rosalyn Sussman Yalow</a></li> <li>1978: <a href="/wiki/Werner_Arber" title="Werner Arber">Werner Arber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Nathans" title="Daniel Nathans">Daniel Nathans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_O._Smith" title="Hamilton O. Smith">Hamilton O. Smith</a></li> <li>1979: <a href="/wiki/Allan_McLeod_Cormack" title="Allan McLeod Cormack">Allan McLeod Cormack</a>, <a href="/wiki/Godfrey_Hounsfield" title="Godfrey Hounsfield">Godfrey Hounsfield</a></li> <li>1980: <a href="/wiki/Baruj_Benacerraf" title="Baruj Benacerraf">Baruj Benacerraf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Dausset" title="Jean Dausset">Jean Dausset</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_D._Snell" title="George D. Snell">George D. Snell</a></li> <li>1981: <a href="/wiki/Roger_W._Sperry" title="Roger W. Sperry">Roger W. Sperry</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Hunter_Hubel" title="David Hunter Hubel">David Hunter Hubel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Torsten_Wiesel" title="Torsten Wiesel">Torsten Wiesel</a></li> <li>1982: <a href="/wiki/Sune_Bergstr%C3%B6m" title="Sune Bergström">Sune Bergström</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bengt_Samuelsson" title="Bengt Samuelsson">Bengt Samuelsson</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Robert_Vane" title="John Robert Vane">John Robert Vane</a></li> <li>1983: <a href="/wiki/Barbara_McClintock" title="Barbara McClintock">Barbara McClintock</a></li> <li>1984: <a href="/wiki/Niels_Kaj_Jerne" title="Niels Kaj Jerne">Niels Kaj Jerne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georges_J._F._K%C3%B6hler" title="Georges J. F. Köhler">Georges J. F. Köhler</a>, <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Milstein" title="César Milstein">César Milstein</a></li> <li>1985: <a href="/wiki/Michael_Stuart_Brown" title="Michael Stuart Brown">Michael Stuart Brown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_L._Goldstein" title="Joseph L. Goldstein">Joseph L. Goldstein</a></li> <li>1986: <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Cohen_(biok%C3%A9mikus)" title="Stanley Cohen (biokémikus)">Stanley Cohen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rita_Levi-Montalcini" title="Rita Levi-Montalcini">Rita Levi-Montalcini</a></li> <li>1987: <a href="/wiki/Tonegava_Szuszumu" title="Tonegava Szuszumu">Tonegava Szuszumu</a></li> <li>1988: <a href="/wiki/James_W._Black" title="James W. Black">James W. Black</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gertrude_B._Elion" title="Gertrude B. Elion">Gertrude B. Elion</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_H._Hitchings" title="George H. Hitchings">George H. Hitchings</a></li> <li>1989: <a href="/wiki/John_Michael_Bishop" title="John Michael Bishop">John Michael Bishop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harold_E._Varmus" title="Harold E. Varmus">Harold E. Varmus</a></li> <li>1990: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Edward_Murray" title="Joseph Edward Murray">Joseph Edward Murray</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Donnall_Thomas" title="Edward Donnall Thomas">Edward Donnall Thomas</a></li> <li>1991: <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Neher" title="Erwin Neher">Erwin Neher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bert_Sakmann" title="Bert Sakmann">Bert Sakmann</a></li> <li>1992: <a href="/wiki/Edmond_H._Fischer" title="Edmond H. Fischer">Edmond H. Fischer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edwin_G._Krebs" title="Edwin G. Krebs">Edwin G. Krebs</a></li> <li>1993: <a href="/wiki/Richard_J._Roberts" title="Richard J. Roberts">Richard J. Roberts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phillip_Allen_Sharp" title="Phillip Allen Sharp">Phillip Allen Sharp</a></li> <li>1994: <a href="/wiki/Alfred_G._Gilman" title="Alfred G. Gilman">Alfred G. Gilman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Rodbell" title="Martin Rodbell">Martin Rodbell</a></li> <li>1995: <a href="/wiki/Edward_B._Lewis" title="Edward B. Lewis">Edward B. Lewis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christiane_N%C3%BCsslein-Volhard" title="Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard">Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eric_F._Wieschaus" title="Eric F. Wieschaus">Eric F. Wieschaus</a></li> <li>1996: <a href="/wiki/Peter_C._Doherty" title="Peter C. Doherty">Peter C. Doherty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rolf_M._Zinkernagel" title="Rolf M. Zinkernagel">Rolf M. Zinkernagel</a></li> <li>1997: <a href="/wiki/Stanley_B._Prusiner" title="Stanley B. Prusiner">Stanley B. Prusiner</a></li> <li>1998: <a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Furchgott" title="Robert F. Furchgott">Robert F. Furchgott</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louis_J._Ignarro" title="Louis J. Ignarro">Louis J. Ignarro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ferid_Murad" title="Ferid Murad">Ferid Murad</a></li> <li>1999: <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Blobel" title="Günter Blobel">Günter Blobel</a></li> <li>2000: <a href="/wiki/Arvid_Carlsson" title="Arvid Carlsson">Arvid Carlsson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Greengard" title="Paul Greengard">Paul Greengard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eric_R._Kandel" title="Eric R. Kandel">Eric R. Kandel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–2025</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2001: <a href="/wiki/Leland_H._Hartwell" title="Leland H. Hartwell">Leland H. Hartwell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tim_Hunt" title="Tim Hunt">Tim Hunt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Nurse" title="Paul Nurse">Paul Nurse</a></li> <li>2002: <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Brenner" title="Sydney Brenner">Sydney Brenner</a>, <a href="/wiki/H._Robert_Horvitz" title="H. Robert Horvitz">H. Robert Horvitz</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_E._Sulston" title="John E. Sulston">John E. Sulston</a></li> <li>2003: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Lauterbur" title="Paul Lauterbur">Paul Lauterbur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Mansfield" title="Peter Mansfield">Peter Mansfield</a></li> <li>2004: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel">Richard Axel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linda_Buck" title="Linda Buck">Linda Buck</a></li> <li>2005: <a href="/wiki/Barry_Marshall" title="Barry Marshall">Barry Marshall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robin_Warren" title="Robin Warren">Robin Warren</a></li> <li>2006: <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Fire" title="Andrew Fire">Andrew Fire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Craig_Mello" title="Craig Mello">Craig Mello</a></li> <li>2007: <a href="/wiki/Mario_Capecchi" title="Mario Capecchi">Mario Capecchi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Evans" title="Martin Evans">Martin Evans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Smithies" title="Oliver Smithies">Oliver Smithies</a></li> <li>2008: <a href="/wiki/Harald_zur_Hausen" title="Harald zur Hausen">Harald zur Hausen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Barr%C3%A9-Sinoussi" title="Françoise Barré-Sinoussi">Françoise Barré-Sinoussi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luc_Montagnier" title="Luc Montagnier">Luc Montagnier</a></li> <li>2009: <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Blackburn" title="Elizabeth Blackburn">Elizabeth Blackburn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carol_W._Greider" title="Carol W. Greider">Carol W. Greider</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jack_W._Szostak" title="Jack W. Szostak">Jack W. Szostak</a></li> <li>2010: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Geoffrey_Edwards" title="Robert Geoffrey Edwards">Robert Geoffrey Edwards</a></li> <li>2011: <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Beutler" title="Bruce Beutler">Bruce Beutler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Steinman" title="Ralph Steinman">Ralph Steinman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jules_Hoffmann" title="Jules Hoffmann">Jules Hoffmann</a></li> <li>2012: <a href="/wiki/John_B._Gurdon" title="John B. Gurdon">John B. Gurdon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jamanaka_Sinja" title="Jamanaka Sinja">Jamanaka</a></li> <li>2013: <a href="/wiki/James_Rothman" title="James Rothman">James Rothman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Randy_Schekman" title="Randy Schekman">Randy Schekman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_S%C3%BCdhof" title="Thomas Südhof">Thomas Südhof</a></li> <li>2014: <a href="/wiki/John_O%E2%80%99Keefe" title="John O’Keefe">John O’Keefe</a>, <a href="/wiki/May-Britt_Moser" title="May-Britt Moser">May-Britt Moser</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edvard_Moser" title="Edvard Moser">Edvard Moser</a></li> <li>2015: <a href="/wiki/William_C._Campbell" title="William C. Campbell">William C. Campbell</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%93mura_Szatosi" title="Ómura Szatosi">Ómura Szatosi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tu_Ju-ju" title="Tu Ju-ju">Tu Ju-ju</a></li> <li>2016: <a href="/wiki/%C3%93szumi_Josinori" title="Ószumi Josinori">Ószumi Josinori</a></li> <li>2017: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeffrey_C._Hall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jeffrey C. Hall (a lap nem létezik)">Jeffrey C. Hall</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Rosbash&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Rosbash (a lap nem létezik)">Michael Rosbash</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_W._Young&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael W. Young (a lap nem létezik)">Michael W. Young</a></li> <li>2018: <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_P._Allison&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James P. Allison (a lap nem létezik)">James P. Allison</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hondzso_Taszuku&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hondzso Taszuku (a lap nem létezik)">Hondzso Taszuku</a></li> <li>2019: <a href="/wiki/William_Kaelin" title="William Kaelin">William Kaelin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Ratcliffe" title="Peter Ratcliffe">Peter Ratcliffe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gregg_Semenza" title="Gregg Semenza">Gregg Semenza</a></li> <li>2020: <a href="/wiki/Harvey_J._Alter" title="Harvey J. Alter">Harvey J. Alter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Houghton" title="Michael Houghton">Michael Houghton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_M._Rice" title="Charles M. Rice">Charles M. Rice</a></li> <li>2021: <a href="/wiki/David_Julius" title="David Julius">David Julius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ardem_Patapoutian" title="Ardem Patapoutian">Ardem Patapoutian</a></li> <li>2022: <a href="/wiki/Svante_P%C3%A4%C3%A4bo" title="Svante Pääbo">Svante Pääbo</a></li> <li>2023: <a href="/wiki/Karik%C3%B3_Katalin" title="Karikó Katalin">Karikó Katalin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drew_Weissman" title="Drew Weissman">Drew Weissman</a></li> <li>2024: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_Ambros&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Viktor Ambros (a lap nem létezik)">Viktor Ambros</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gary_Ruvkun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gary Ruvkun (a lap nem létezik)">Gary Ruvkun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Részletező sablonok: <a href="/wiki/Sablon:OrvosiNobelD%C3%ADj1901-1925" title="Sablon:OrvosiNobelDíj1901-1925">(1901–1925)</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Sablon:OrvosiNobelD%C3%ADj1926-1950" title="Sablon:OrvosiNobelDíj1926-1950">(1926–1950)</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Sablon:OrvosiNobelD%C3%ADj1951-1975" title="Sablon:OrvosiNobelDíj1951-1975">(1951–1975)</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Sablon:OrvosiNobelD%C3%ADj1976-2000" title="Sablon:OrvosiNobelDíj1976-2000">(1976–2000)</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Sablon:OrvosiNobelD%C3%ADj2001-2025" title="Sablon:OrvosiNobelDíj2001-2025">(2001–)</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r26593303"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r26641489"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r26643308">@media screen and (max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output div.navbox.authoritycontrol{display:block}.mw-parser-output .authoritycontrol tbody,.mw-parser-output .authoritycontrol tr,.mw-parser-output .authoritycontrol th,.mw-parser-output .authoritycontrol td,.mw-parser-output .authoritycontrol .navbox-row>th+td{display:block;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .authoritycontrol .navbox-list-with-group{border:none}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r26593303"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authoritycontrol" aria-labelledby="Nemzetközi_katalógusok" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Nemzetközi_katalógusok" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:auto"><a href="/wiki/Sablon:Nemzetk%C3%B6zi_katal%C3%B3gusok/doc" title="Sablon:Nemzetközi katalógusok/doc">Nemzetközi katalógusok</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WorldCat" title="WorldCat">WorldCat</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJqFHKmxdPffqFQXvr7fv3">E39PBJqFHKmxdPffqFQXvr7fv3</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemzetk%C3%B6zi_Virtu%C3%A1lis_Katal%C3%B3gust%C3%A1r" title="Nemzetközi Virtuális Katalógustár">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/84793329">84793329</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemzetk%C3%B6zi_Szabv%C3%A1nyos_N%C3%A9vazonos%C3%ADt%C3%B3" title="Nemzetközi Szabványos Névazonosító">ISNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni.org/isni/0000000057232196">0000 0000 5723 2196</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integr%C3%A1lt_katal%C3%B3gust%C3%A1r" title="Integrált katalógustár">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/114769613">114769613</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Cseh_K%C3%B6zt%C3%A1rsas%C3%A1g_Nemzeti_K%C3%B6nyvt%C3%A1ra" title="A Cseh Köztársaság Nemzeti Könyvtára">NKCS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=nlk20000083432&CON_LNG=ENG">nlk20000083432</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="noprint noviewer" style="overflow: hidden; 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