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layer</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: impervious layer"> <meta name="keywords" content="impervious layer"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="impervious layer"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1783</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: impervious layer</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1783</span> Polymer Advancement with Poly(High Internal Phase Emulsion) Poly(S/DVB) Modified via Layer-by-Layer for CO2 Adsorption</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saifon%20Chongthub">Saifon Chongthub</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this research is to synthesize adsorbent foam for CO2 adsorption. The polymer was prepared from poly High Internal Phase Emulsion (PolyHIPE) using styrene as monomer and divinylbenzene as comonomer. Its morphology was determined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). To further increased CO2 adsorption of the prepared polyHIPE, the layer by layer (LbL) technique was applied, which alternated polyelectrolyte injection between layers of Poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS) and Poly(diallyldimetyl-ammonium chloride)(PDADMAC) as primary layer, and layers of PSS and polyetyleneimine (PEI) as secondary layer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20internal%20phase%20emulsion" title="high internal phase emulsion">high internal phase emulsion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyHIPE" title=" polyHIPE"> polyHIPE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20modification" title=" surface modification"> surface modification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=layer%20by%20layer%20technique" title=" layer by layer technique"> layer by layer technique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO2%20adsorption" title=" CO2 adsorption"> CO2 adsorption</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2180/polymer-advancement-with-polyhigh-internal-phase-emulsion-polysdvb-modified-via-layer-by-layer-for-co2-adsorption" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2180.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">289</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1782</span> Hysteresis in Sustainable Two-layer Circular Tube under a Lateral Compression Load</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ami%20Nomura">Ami Nomura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ken%20Imanishi"> Ken Imanishi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Etsuko%20Ueda"> Etsuko Ueda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tadahiro%20Wada"> Tadahiro Wada</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shinichi%20Enoki"> Shinichi Enoki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recently, there have been a lot of earthquakes in Japan. It is necessary to promote seismic isolation devices for buildings. The devices have been hardly diffused in attached houses, because the devices are very expensive. We should develop a low-cost seismic isolation device for detached houses. We suggested a new seismic isolation device which uses a two-layer circular tube as a unit. If hysteresis is produced in the two-layer circular tube under lateral compression load, we think that the two-layer circular tube can have energy absorbing capacity. It is necessary to contact the outer layer and the inner layer to produce hysteresis. We have previously reported how the inner layer comes in contact with the outer layer from a perspective of analysis used mechanics of materials. We have clarified that the inner layer comes in contact with the outer layer under a lateral compression load. In this paper, we explored contact area between the outer layer and the inner layer under a lateral compression load by using FEA. We think that changing the inner layer’s thickness is effective in increase the contact area. In order to change the inner layer’s thickness, we changed the shape of the inner layer. As a result, the contact area changes depending on the inner layer’s thickness. Additionally, we experimented to check whether hysteresis occurs in fact. As a consequence, we can reveal hysteresis in the two-layer circular tube under the condition. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contact%20area" title="contact area">contact area</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20absorbing%20capacity" title=" energy absorbing capacity"> energy absorbing capacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hysteresis" title=" hysteresis"> hysteresis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20isolation%20device" title=" seismic isolation device"> seismic isolation device</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13041/hysteresis-in-sustainable-two-layer-circular-tube-under-a-lateral-compression-load" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13041.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">295</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1781</span> Study on Hysteresis in Sustainable Two-Layer Circular Tube under a Lateral Compression Load</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ami%20Nomura">Ami Nomura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ken%20Imanishi"> Ken Imanishi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yukinori%20Taniguchi"> Yukinori Taniguchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Etsuko%20Ueda"> Etsuko Ueda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tadahiro%20Wada"> Tadahiro Wada</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shinichi%20Enoki"> Shinichi Enoki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recently, there have been a lot of earthquakes in Japan. It is necessary to promote seismic isolation devices for buildings. The devices have been hardly diffused in attached houses, because the devices are very expensive. We should develop a low-cost seismic isolation device for detached houses. We suggested a new seismic isolation device which uses a two-layer circular tube as a unit. If hysteresis is produced in the two-layer circular tube under lateral compression load, we think that the two-layer circular tube can have energy absorbing capacity. It is necessary to contact the outer layer and the inner layer to produce hysteresis. We have previously reported how the inner layer comes in contact with the outer layer from a perspective of analysis used mechanics of materials. We have clarified that the inner layer comes in contact with the outer layer under a lateral compression load. In this paper, we explored contact area between the outer layer and the inner layer under a lateral compression load by using FEA. We think that changing the inner layer’s thickness is effective in increase the contact area. In order to change the inner layer’s thickness, we changed the shape of the inner layer. As a result, the contact area changes depending on the inner layer’s thickness. Additionally, we experimented to check whether hysteresis occurs in fact. As a consequence, we can reveal hysteresis in the two-layer circular tube under the condition. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contact%20area" title="contact area">contact area</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20absorbing%20capacity" title=" energy absorbing capacity"> energy absorbing capacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hysteresis" title=" hysteresis"> hysteresis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20isolation%20device" title=" seismic isolation device"> seismic isolation device</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18191/study-on-hysteresis-in-sustainable-two-layer-circular-tube-under-a-lateral-compression-load" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18191.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">361</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1780</span> Development of Single Layer of WO3 on Large Spatial Resolution by Atomic Layer Deposition Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Zhuiykov">S. Zhuiykov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zh.%20Hai"> Zh. Hai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Xu"> H. Xu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Xue"> C. Xue</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Unique and distinctive properties could be obtained on such two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor as tungsten trioxide (WO<sub>3</sub>) when the reduction from multi-layer to one fundamental layer thickness takes place. This transition without damaging single-layer on a large spatial resolution remained elusive until the atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique was utilized. Here we report the ALD-enabled atomic-layer-precision development of a single layer WO<sub>3</sub> with thickness of 0.77±0.07 nm on a large spatial resolution by using (<sup>t</sup>BuN)<sub>2</sub>W(NMe<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub> as tungsten precursor and H<sub>2</sub>O as oxygen precursor, without affecting the underlying SiO<sub>2</sub>/Si substrate. Versatility of ALD is in tuning recipe in order to achieve the complete WO<sub>3</sub> with desired number of WO<sub>3</sub> layers including monolayer. Governed by self-limiting surface reactions, the ALD-enabled approach is versatile, scalable and applicable for a broader range of 2D semiconductors and various device applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atomic%20Layer%20Deposition%20%28ALD%29" title="Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD)">Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tungsten%20oxide" title=" tungsten oxide"> tungsten oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WO%E2%82%83" title=" WO₃"> WO₃</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two-dimensional%20semiconductors" title=" two-dimensional semiconductors"> two-dimensional semiconductors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20fundamental%20layer" title=" single fundamental layer"> single fundamental layer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54206/development-of-single-layer-of-wo3-on-large-spatial-resolution-by-atomic-layer-deposition-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54206.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">242</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1779</span> Quantifying the Rapid Urbanization Impact on Potential Stormwater Runoff of Dhaka City, Bangladesh</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Md.%20Kumruzzaman">Md. Kumruzzaman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anutosh%20Das"> Anutosh Das</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Md.%20Mosharraf%20Hossain"> Md. Mosharraf Hossain</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Historically, rapid urban growth activities are considered one of the main culprits behind urban floods or waterlogging. The increased unplanned urbanization of many areas of Dhaka has resulted in waterlogging, urban floods, and increasing groundwater depth. To determine potential groundwater recharge from precipitation, the study is being conducted to examine the changes in land use/land cover (LULC) and urban runoff extent based on the NRCS-CN from 2005–2021. Four kinds of land use are used to examine the LULC change: built-up, bare land, vegetation, and water body. These categories are used for the years 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2021. The built-up area is growing at a relatively fast rate: 7.43%, 17.4%, and 5.21%, respectively, between the years 2005 and 2010, 2010 and 2015, and 2015 and 2021. As the amount of impervious surface rose in Dhaka city, stormwater discharge increased from 2005 to 2021. In 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2021, heavy stormwater runoff regions made up around 24.873%, 32.616%, 49.118%, and 55.986% of the entire Dhaka city. Stormwater runoff accounted for around 53.738%, 55.092%, 63.472%, and 67.061% of the total rainfall in 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2021, respectively. Between 2005 and 2021, a significant portion of the natural land cover was altered because of the expanding impervious surface, which also harmed the natural drainage system. Due to careless growth, the potential for stormwater runoff and groundwater recharge in Dhaka city worsens every year. Concerning this situation, a sustainable urban drainage system (SUDS) can be the best possible solution for minimizing the stormwater runoff and groundwater recharge problem. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LULC" title="LULC">LULC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impervious%20surface" title=" impervious surface"> impervious surface</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stormwater%20runoff" title=" stormwater runoff"> stormwater runoff</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=groundwater%20recharge" title=" groundwater recharge"> groundwater recharge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SUDS" title=" SUDS"> SUDS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160613/quantifying-the-rapid-urbanization-impact-on-potential-stormwater-runoff-of-dhaka-city-bangladesh" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160613.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">80</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1778</span> Design of Ternary Coatings System to Minimize the Residual Solvent in Polymeric Coatings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jyoti%20Sharma">Jyoti Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raj%20Kumar%20Arya"> Raj Kumar Arya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The coatings of homogeneous ternary solution of Poly(styrene)(PS)-Poly(ethyleneglycol)-6000(PEG) Chlorobenzene (CLB) of two different concentrations (5.05%-4.98%-89.97% and 10.05%-5.12%-84.82%) were studied and dried under quiescent conditions. Residual solvent percentage and coatings thickness were calculated by gravimetric weight loss data. Residual solvent remained lower in case of the single thick layer as compared to layer-by-layer assembly technique. The Results suggests the effectiveness of the single thick layer for minimizing the residual solvent. A single thick layer had an initial coating thickness of 1098 µm and the final thickness of 106 µm which is lower as compared to the dried coatings of nearly the same final thickness by layer-by-layer assembly technique. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=films" title="films">films</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=layer-by-layer%20assembly" title=" layer-by-layer assembly"> layer-by-layer assembly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymeric%20coatings" title=" polymeric coatings"> polymeric coatings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ternary%20system" title=" ternary system"> ternary system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84630/design-of-ternary-coatings-system-to-minimize-the-residual-solvent-in-polymeric-coatings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84630.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">182</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1777</span> A Study on the Iterative Scheme for Stratified Shields Gamma Ray Buildup Factor Using Layer-Splitting Technique in Double-Layer Shield</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sari%20F.%20Alkhatib">Sari F. Alkhatib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chang%20Je%20Park"> Chang Je Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gyuhong%20Roh"> Gyuhong Roh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daeseong%20Jo"> Daeseong Jo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The iterative scheme which is used to treat buildup factors for stratified shields of three-layers or more is being investigated here using the layer-splitting technique. The second layer in a double-layer shield was split into two equivalent layers and the scheme was implemented on the new 'three-layer' shield configuration. The results of such manipulation for water-lead and water-iron shields combinations are presented here for 1 MeV photons. It was found that splitting the second layer introduces some deviation on the overall buildup factor. This expected deviation appeared to be higher in the case of low Z layer followed by high Z. However, the iterative scheme showed a great consistency and strong coherence with the introduced changes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=build-up%20factor" title="build-up factor">build-up factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iterative%20scheme" title=" iterative scheme"> iterative scheme</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stratified%20shields" title=" stratified shields"> stratified shields</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiation%20protection" title=" radiation protection"> radiation protection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8373/a-study-on-the-iterative-scheme-for-stratified-shields-gamma-ray-buildup-factor-using-layer-splitting-technique-in-double-layer-shield" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8373.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">576</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1776</span> Inter-Filling of CaO and MgO Mixed Layer in Surface Behavior of Al-Mg Alloys Containing Al2Ca</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seong-Ho%20Ha">Seong-Ho Ha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young-Ok%20Yoon"> Young-Ok Yoon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shae%20K.%20Kim"> Shae K. Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Oxide layer of normal Al-Mg alloy can be characterized by upper MgO and lower MgAl2O4 spinel. The formation of the MgO outmost layer occurs by the surface segregation of Mg in the initial oxidation. After then, the oxidation is proceeded with the formation of MgA12O4 spinel beneath the MgO. Growth of the oxide layer is accelerated by constant formation of MgA12O4 spinel. On the other hand, the oxidation resistance of Al-Mg alloys can be significantly improved simply by Mg+Al2Ca master alloy use as the Mg alloying element and such an improvement is attributed to the CaO/MgO mixed layer. Al-Mg alloy containing Al2Ca shows CaO as the upper layer and MgO as the lower one without MgA12O4 spinel. Such a dense oxide film acts as a protective layer. However, the CaO/MgO scale has the outmost MgO, partly, after a long time exposure to a harsh oxidation condition. The aim of this study is to investigate the inter-filling behaviour of CaO and MgO mixed layer in oxidation resistance mechanism of Al-Mg alloys containing Al2Ca. The process of outmost MgO layer formation will be clarified. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Al-Mg%20alloy" title="Al-Mg alloy">Al-Mg alloy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Al2Ca" title=" Al2Ca"> Al2Ca</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxidation" title=" oxidation"> oxidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MgO" title=" MgO"> MgO</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49097/inter-filling-of-cao-and-mgo-mixed-layer-in-surface-behavior-of-al-mg-alloys-containing-al2ca" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49097.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">283</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1775</span> A Study on the Iterative Scheme for Stratified Shields Gamma Ray Buildup Factors Using Layer-Splitting Technique in Double-Layer Shields</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sari%20F.%20Alkhatib">Sari F. Alkhatib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chang%20Je%20Park"> Chang Je Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gyuhong%20Roh"> Gyuhong Roh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The iterative scheme which is used to treat buildup factors for stratified shields is being investigated here using the layer-splitting technique. A simple suggested formalism for the scheme based on the Kalos’ formula is introduced, based on which the implementation of the testing technique is carried out. The second layer in a double-layer shield was split into two equivalent layers and the scheme (with the suggested formalism) was implemented on the new “three-layer” shield configuration. The results of such manipulation on water-lead and water-iron shields combinations are presented here for 1 MeV photons. It was found that splitting the second layer introduces some deviation on the overall buildup factor value. This expected deviation appeared to be higher in the case of low Z layer followed by high Z. However, the overall performance of the iterative scheme showed a great consistency and strong coherence even with the introduced changes. The introduced layer-splitting testing technique shows the capability to be implemented in test the iterative scheme with a wide range of formalisms. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=buildup%20factor" title="buildup factor">buildup factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iterative%20scheme" title=" iterative scheme"> iterative scheme</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stratified%20shields" title=" stratified shields"> stratified shields</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=layer-splitting%20tecnique" title=" layer-splitting tecnique"> layer-splitting tecnique</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8371/a-study-on-the-iterative-scheme-for-stratified-shields-gamma-ray-buildup-factors-using-layer-splitting-technique-in-double-layer-shields" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8371.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">416</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1774</span> Formation of Chemical Compound Layer at the Interface of Initial Substances A and B with Dominance of Diffusion of the A Atoms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pavlo%20Selyshchev">Pavlo Selyshchev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samuel%20Akintunde"> Samuel Akintunde</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A theoretical approach to consider formation of chemical compound layer at the interface between initial substances A and B due to the interfacial interaction and diffusion is developed. It is considered situation when speed of interfacial interaction is large enough and diffusion of A-atoms through AB-layer is much more then diffusion of B-atoms. Atoms from A-layer diffuse toward B-atoms and form AB-atoms on the surface of B-layer. B-atoms are assumed to be immobile. The growth kinetics of the AB-layer is described by two differential equations with non-linear coupling, producing a good fit to the experimental data. It is shown that growth of the thickness of the AB-layer determines by dependence of chemical reaction rate on reactants concentration. In special case the thickness of the AB-layer can grow linearly or parabolically depending on that which of processes (interaction or the diffusion) controls the growth. The thickness of AB-layer as function of time is obtained. The moment of time (transition point) at which the linear growth are changed by parabolic is found. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phase%20formation" title="phase formation">phase formation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=binary%20systems" title=" binary systems"> binary systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interfacial%20reaction" title=" interfacial reaction"> interfacial reaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diffusion" title=" diffusion"> diffusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compound%20layers" title=" compound layers"> compound layers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=growth%20kinetics" title=" growth kinetics"> growth kinetics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10901/formation-of-chemical-compound-layer-at-the-interface-of-initial-substances-a-and-b-with-dominance-of-diffusion-of-the-a-atoms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10901.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">570</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1773</span> Strength Analysis of RCC Dams Subject to the Layer-by-Layer Construction Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Archil%20Motsonelidze">Archil Motsonelidze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vitaly%20Dvalishvili"> Vitaly Dvalishvili</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Existing roller compacted concrete (RCC) dams indicate that the layer-by-layer construction method gives considerable economies as compared with the conventional methods. RCC dams have also gained acceptance in the regions of high seismic activity. Earthquake resistance analysis of RCC gravity dams based on nonlinear finite element technique is presented. An elastic-plastic approach is used to describe the material of a dam while it is under static conditions (period of construction). Seismic force, as an acceleration equivalent to that produced by a real earthquake, is supposed to act when the dam is completed. The materials of the dam and foundation may be nonhomogeneous and anisotropic. The “dam-foundation” system is idealized as a plain strain problem. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20method" title="finite element method">finite element method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=layer-by-layer%20construction" title=" layer-by-layer construction"> layer-by-layer construction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RCC%20dams" title=" RCC dams"> RCC dams</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strength%20analysis" title=" strength analysis"> strength analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35897/strength-analysis-of-rcc-dams-subject-to-the-layer-by-layer-construction-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35897.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">549</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1772</span> Stress Distribution in Axisymmetric Indentation of an Elastic Layer-Substrate Body</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kotaro%20Miura">Kotaro Miura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Makoto%20Sakamoto"> Makoto Sakamoto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuji%20Tanabe"> Yuji Tanabe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We focus on internal stress and displacement of an elastic axisymmetric contact problem for indentation of a layer-substrate body. An elastic layer is assumed to be perfectly bonded to an elastic semi-infinite substrate. The elastic layer is smoothly indented with a flat-ended cylindrical indenter. The analytical and exact solutions were obtained by solving an infinite system of simultaneous equations using the method to express a normal contact stress at the upper surface of the elastic layer as an appropriate series. This paper presented the numerical results of internal stress and displacement distributions for hard-coating system with constant values of Poisson’s ratio and the thickness of elastic layer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indentation" title="indentation">indentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contact%20problem" title=" contact problem"> contact problem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress%20distribution" title=" stress distribution"> stress distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coating%20materials" title=" coating materials"> coating materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=layer-substrate%20body" title=" layer-substrate body"> layer-substrate body</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116384/stress-distribution-in-axisymmetric-indentation-of-an-elastic-layer-substrate-body" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116384.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">156</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1771</span> Noise Reduction by Energising the Boundary Layer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kiran%20P.%20Kumar">Kiran P. Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20M.%20Nayana"> H. M. Nayana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Rakshitha"> R. Rakshitha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Sushmitha"> S. Sushmitha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aircraft noise is a highly concerned problem in the field of the aviation industry. It is necessary to reduce the noise in order to be environment-friendly. Air-frame noise is caused because of the quick separation of the boundary layer over an aircraft body. So, we have to delay the boundary layer separation of an air-frame and engine nacelle. By following a certain procedure boundary layer separation can be reduced by converting laminar into turbulent and hence early separation can be prevented that leads to the noise reduction. This method has a tendency to reduce the noise of the aircraft hence it can prove efficient and environment-friendly than the present Aircraft. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=airframe" title="airframe">airframe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=boundary%20layer" title=" boundary layer"> boundary layer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=noise" title=" noise"> noise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reduction" title=" reduction"> reduction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53714/noise-reduction-by-energising-the-boundary-layer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53714.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">481</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1770</span> Exploring Urbanization-Induced Wetland Loss within the Greater Toronto Area from 2005 to 2015</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kaushika%20Vinotheeswaran">Kaushika Vinotheeswaran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Greater Toronto Area (GTA), located in Ontario, Canada, is among the fastest-growing metropolitan areas in North America. Rapid urbanization within the GTA has led to increased imperviousness and surface runoff, contributing to wetland loss. Wetland cover and land cover data from the Southern Ontario Land Resource Information System were analyzed to characterize wetland loss to built-up areas and land conversions between 2005 and 2015, evaluating the extent of urbanization-induced wetland loss. Spatial analysis revealed a significant increase in the number of wetlands lost from 2005 to 2011 compared to the period from 2011 to 2015, with these losses attributed to increased urban expansions within the GTA. Non-wetland conversions, such as agricultural and impervious built-up uses to support urban expansions, played a significant role in wetland loss. Current approaches to wetland policy implementation and land-use planning strategies do not effectively identify or mitigate damage to wetlands in advance of development, resulting in significant wetland loss. Therefore, wetland conservation policies must be re-evaluated to address gaps in policy practice and focus on minimizing wetland loss. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wetland%20loss" title="wetland loss">wetland loss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urbanization" title=" urbanization"> urbanization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impervious" title=" impervious"> impervious</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pervious" title=" pervious"> pervious</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wetland%20conservation" title=" wetland conservation"> wetland conservation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181640/exploring-urbanization-induced-wetland-loss-within-the-greater-toronto-area-from-2005-to-2015" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181640.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">70</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1769</span> Development of Energy Management System Based on Internet of Things Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wen-Jye%20Shyr">Wen-Jye Shyr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chia-Ming%20Lin"> Chia-Ming Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hung-Yun%20Feng">Hung-Yun Feng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this study was to develop an energy management system for university campuses based on the Internet of Things (IoT) technique. The proposed IoT technique based on WebAccess is used via network browser Internet Explore and applies TCP/IP protocol. The case study of IoT for lighting energy usage management system was proposed. Structure of proposed IoT technique included perception layer, equipment layer, control layer, application layer and network layer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20management" title="energy management">energy management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IoT%20technique" title=" IoT technique"> IoT technique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensor" title=" sensor"> sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WebAccess" title=" WebAccess"> WebAccess</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56513/development-of-energy-management-system-based-on-internet-of-things-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56513.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">334</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1768</span> Effect of Epoxy-ZrP Nanocomposite Top Coating on Inorganic Barrier Layer </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haesook%20Kim">Haesook Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ha%20Na%20Ra"> Ha Na Ra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mansu%20Kim"> Mansu Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyun%20Gi%20Kim"> Hyun Gi Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sung%20Soo%20Kim"> Sung Soo Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Epoxy-ZrP (α-zirconium phosphate) nanocomposites were coated on inorganic barrier layer such as sputtering and atomic layer deposition (ALD) to improve the barrier properties and protect the layer. ZrP nanoplatelets were synthesized using a reflux method and exfoliated in the polymer matrix. The barrier properties of coating layer were characterized by measuring water vapor transmission rate (WVTR). The WVTR dramatically decreased after epoxy-ZrP nanocomposite coating, while maintaining the optical properties. It was also investigated the effect of epoxy-ZrP coating on inorganic layer after bending and reliability test. The optimal structure composed of inorganic and epoxy-ZrP nanocomposite layers was used in organic light emitting diodes (OLED) encapsulation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CE%B1-zirconium%20phosphate" title="α-zirconium phosphate">α-zirconium phosphate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=barrier%20properties" title=" barrier properties"> barrier properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epoxy%20nanocomposites" title=" epoxy nanocomposites"> epoxy nanocomposites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OLED%20encapsulation" title=" OLED encapsulation"> OLED encapsulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67636/effect-of-epoxy-zrp-nanocomposite-top-coating-on-inorganic-barrier-layer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67636.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">357</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1767</span> Investigating the Effect of Adding the Window Layer and the Back Surface Field Layer of InₓGa₍₁₋ₓ₎P Material to GaAs Single Junction Solar Cell</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Taghinia">Ahmad Taghinia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Negar%20Gholamishaker"> Negar Gholamishaker</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> GaAs (gallium arsenide) solar cells have gained significant attention for their use in space applications. These solar cells have the potential for efficient energy conversion and are being explored as potential power sources for electronic devices, satellites, and telecommunication equipment. In this study, the aim is to investigate the effect of adding a window layer and a back surface field (BSF) layer made of InₓGa₍₁₋ₓ₎P material to a GaAs single junction solar cell. In this paper, we first obtain the important electrical parameters of a single-junction GaAs solar cell by utilizing a two-dimensional simulator software for virtual investigation of the solar cell; then, we analyze the impact of adding a window layer and a back surface field layer made of InₓGa₍₁₋ₓ₎P on the solar cell. The results show that the incorporation of these layers led to enhancements in Jsc, Voc, FF, and the overall efficiency of the solar cell. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=back%20surface%20field%20layer" title="back surface field layer">back surface field layer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20cell" title=" solar cell"> solar cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GaAs" title=" GaAs"> GaAs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=In%E2%82%93Ga%E2%82%8D%E2%82%81%E2%82%8B%E2%82%93%E2%82%8EP" title=" InₓGa₍₁₋ₓ₎P"> InₓGa₍₁₋ₓ₎P</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=window%20layer" title=" window layer"> window layer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170469/investigating-the-effect-of-adding-the-window-layer-and-the-back-surface-field-layer-of-inga1p-material-to-gaas-single-junction-solar-cell" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170469.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">76</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1766</span> The Effect of Backing Layer on Adhesion Properties of Single Layer Ketoprofen Transdermal Drug Delivery System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Hamedanlou">Maryam Hamedanlou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahla%20Hajializadeh"> Shahla Hajializadeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The transdermal drug delivery system is one of the types of novel drug delivery system that the drug is absorbed into the skin. The major considerations for designing and producing transdermal patch are small size, suitable drug release and good adhering. In this study, drug-in-adhesive transdermal patch contained non-steroidal anti-inflammatory ketoprofen is prepared. Also, the effect of non-woven fabric and plastic backing layers on adhesion properties is assessed. The results of the test, demonstrated the use of plastic backing layer increases tack and peel rather than non-woven fabric type. The balance tack with plastic backing layer patch is 6.7 (N/mm2), and the fabric one is 3.8 (N/mm2), and their peel is 9.2 (N/25mm) and 8.3 (N/25mm) by arrangement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transdermal%20drug%20delivery%20system" title="transdermal drug delivery system">transdermal drug delivery system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20layer%20patch%20of%20ketoprofen" title=" single layer patch of ketoprofen"> single layer patch of ketoprofen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plastic%20layer" title=" plastic layer"> plastic layer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fabric%20backing%20layer" title=" fabric backing layer"> fabric backing layer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55471/the-effect-of-backing-layer-on-adhesion-properties-of-single-layer-ketoprofen-transdermal-drug-delivery-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55471.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">252</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1765</span> TiN/TiO2 Nanostructure Coating on Glass Substrate </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Dabir">F. Dabir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Sarraf-Mamoory"> R. Sarraf-Mamoory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Riahi-Noori"> N. Riahi-Noori </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work, a nanostructured TiO2 layer was coated onto a FTO-less glass substrate using screen printing technique for back contact DSSC application. Then, titanium nitride thin film was applied on TiO2 layer by plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition (PACVD) as charge collector layer. The microstructure of prepared TiO2 layer was characterized by SEM. The sheet resistance, microstructure and elemental composition of titanium nitride thin films were analysed by four point probe, SEM, and EDS, respectively. TiO2 layer had porous nanostructure. The EDS analysis of TiN thin film showed presence of chlorine impurity. Sheet resistance of TiN thin film was 30 Ω/sq. With respect to the results, PACVD TiN can be a good candidate as a charge collector layer in back contacts DSSC. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TiO2" title="TiO2">TiO2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TiN" title=" TiN"> TiN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=charge%20collector" title=" charge collector"> charge collector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DSSC" title=" DSSC"> DSSC</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11255/tintio2-nanostructure-coating-on-glass-substrate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11255.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">464</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1764</span> Numerical Simulation of Convective and Transport Processes in the Nocturnal Atmospheric Surface Layer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20R.%20Sreenivas">K. R. Sreenivas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shaurya%20Kaushal"> Shaurya Kaushal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> After sunset, under calm & clear-sky nocturnal conditions, the air layer near the surface containing aerosols cools through radiative processes to the upper atmosphere. Due to this cooling, surface air-layer temperature can fall 2-6 degrees C lower than the ground-surface temperature. This unstable convection layer, on the top, is capped by a stable inversion-boundary layer. Radiative divergence, along with the convection within the surface layer, governs the vertical transport of heat and moisture. Micro-physics in this layer have implications for the occurrence and growth of the fog layer. This particular configuration, featuring a convective mixed layer beneath a stably stratified inversion layer, exemplifies a classic case of penetrative convection. In this study, we conduct numerical simulations of the penetrative convection phenomenon within the nocturnal atmospheric surface layer and elucidate its relevance to the dynamics of fog layers. We employ field and laboratory measurements of aerosol number density to model the strength of the radiative cooling. Our analysis encompasses horizontally averaged, vertical profiles of temperature, density, and heat flux. The energetic incursion of the air from the mixed layer into the stable inversion layer across the interface results in entrainment and the growth of the mixed layer, modeling of which is the key focus of our investigation. In our research, we ascertain the appropriate length scale to employ in the Richardson number correlation, which allows us to estimate the entrainment rate and model the growth of the mixed layer. Our analysis of the mixed layer and the entrainment zone reveals a close alignment with previously reported laboratory experiments on penetrative convection. Additionally, we demonstrate how aerosol number density influences the growth or decay of the mixed layer. Furthermore, our study suggests that the presence of fog near the ground surface can induce extensive vertical mixing, a phenomenon observed in field experiments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inversion%20layer" title="inversion layer">inversion layer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=penetrative%20convection" title=" penetrative convection"> penetrative convection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiative%20cooling" title=" radiative cooling"> radiative cooling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fog%20occurrence" title=" fog occurrence"> fog occurrence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173602/numerical-simulation-of-convective-and-transport-processes-in-the-nocturnal-atmospheric-surface-layer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173602.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">72</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1763</span> Characterizing the Diffused Double Layer Properties of Clay Minerals</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Saranya">N. Saranya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The difference in characteristic behavior of clay minerals for different electrolyte solution is dictated by the corresponding variation occurring at its diffused double layer thickness (DDL). The diffused double layer of clay mineral has two distinct regions; the inner region is termed as ‘Stern layer’ where ions are strongly attached to the clay surface. In the outer region, the ions are not strongly bonded with the clay surface, and this region is termed as ‘diffuse layer’. Within the diffuse layer, there is a plane that forms a boundary between the moving ions and the ions attached to the clay surface, which is termed as slipping or shear plane, and the potential of this plane is defined as zeta potential (ζ). Therefore, the variation in diffused double layer properties of clay mineral for different electrolyte solutions can be modeled if the corresponding variation in surface charge, surface potential, and zeta potential are computed. In view of this, the present study has attempted to characterize the diffused double layer properties of three different clay minerals interacting with different pore fluids by measuring the corresponding variation in surface charge, surface potential, and zeta potential. Further, the obtained variation in the diffused double layer property is compared with the Gouy-Chapman model, which is the widely accepted theoretical model to characterize the diffused double layer properties of clay minerals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DDL" title="DDL">DDL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20charge" title=" surface charge"> surface charge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20potential" title=" surface potential"> surface potential</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zeta%20potential" title=" zeta potential"> zeta potential</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116388/characterizing-the-diffused-double-layer-properties-of-clay-minerals" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116388.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">167</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1762</span> Adsorption-desorption Behavior of Weak Polyelectrolytes Deposition on Aminolyzed-PLA Non-woven</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sima%20Shakoorjavan">Sima Shakoorjavan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dawid%20Stawski"> Dawid Stawski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Somaye%20Akbari"> Somaye Akbari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, the adsorption-desorption behavior of poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) as a polycation and poly (acrylic acid) (PAA) as a polyanion deposited on aminolyzed-PLA nonwoven through layer-by-layer technique (lbl) was studied. The adsorption-desorption behavior was monitored by UV adsorbance spectroscopy and turbidity tests of the waste polyelectrolytes after each deposition. Also, the drying between each deposition step was performed to study the effect of drying on adsorption-desorption behavior. According to UV adsorbance spectroscopy of the waste polyelectrolyte after each deposition, it was revealed that drying has a great effect on the deposition behavior of the next layer. Regarding the deposition of the second layer, drying caused more desorption and removal of the previously deposited layer since the turbidity and the absorbance of the waste increased in comparison to pure polyelectrolyte. To deposit the third layer, the same scenario occurred and drying caused more removal of the previously deposited layer. However, the deposition of the fourth layer drying after the deposition of the third layer did not affect the adsorption-desorption behavior. Since the adsorbance and turbidity of the samples that were dried and those that were not dried were the same. As a result, it seemed that deposition of the fourth layer could be the starting point where lbl reached its constant state. The decrease in adsorbance and remaining turbidity of the waste same as a pure polyelectrolyte can indicate that most portion of the polyelectrolyte was adsorbed onto the substrate rather than complex formation in the bath as the subsequence of the previous layer removal. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adsorption-desorption%20behavior" title="Adsorption-desorption behavior">Adsorption-desorption behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lbl%20technique" title=" lbl technique"> lbl technique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poly%28amidoamine%29" title=" poly(amidoamine)"> poly(amidoamine)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poly%20%28acrylic%20acid%29" title=" poly (acrylic acid)"> poly (acrylic acid)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weak%20polyelectrolytes" title=" weak polyelectrolytes"> weak polyelectrolytes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176722/adsorption-desorption-behavior-of-weak-polyelectrolytes-deposition-on-aminolyzed-pla-non-woven" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176722.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">53</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1761</span> A QoE-driven Cross-layer Resource Allocation Scheme for High Traffic Service over Open Wireless Network Downlink</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liya%20Shan">Liya Shan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qing%20Liao"> Qing Liao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qinyue%20Hu"> Qinyue Hu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shantao%20Jiang"> Shantao Jiang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tao%20Wang"> Tao Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a Quality of Experience (QoE)-driven cross-layer resource allocation scheme for high traffic service over Open Wireless Network (OWN) downlink is proposed, and the related problem about the users in the whole cell including the users in overlap region of different cells has been solved.A method, in which assess models of the BestEffort service and the no-reference assess algorithm for video service are adopted, to calculate the Mean Opinion Score (MOS) value for high traffic service has been introduced. The cross-layer architecture considers the parameters in application layer, media access control layer and physical layer jointly. Based on this architecture and the MOS value, the Binary Constrained Particle Swarm Optimization (B_CPSO) algorithm is used to solve the cross-layer resource allocation problem. In addition,simulationresults show that the proposed scheme significantly outperforms other schemes in terms of maximizing average users’ MOS value for the whole system as well as maintaining fairness among users. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20traffic%20service" title="high traffic service">high traffic service</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross-layer%20resource%20allocation" title=" cross-layer resource allocation"> cross-layer resource allocation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=QoE" title=" QoE"> QoE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B_CPSO" title=" B_CPSO"> B_CPSO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OWN" title=" OWN"> OWN</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20749/a-qoe-driven-cross-layer-resource-allocation-scheme-for-high-traffic-service-over-open-wireless-network-downlink" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20749.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">541</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1760</span> Optimization of Three-Layer Corrugated Metal Gasket by Using Finite Element Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I%20Made%20Gatot%20Karohika">I Made Gatot Karohika</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shigeyuki%20Haruyama"> Shigeyuki Haruyama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ken%20Kaminishi"> Ken Kaminishi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, we proposed a three-layer metal gasket with Al, Cu, and SUS304 as the material, respectively. A finite element method was employed to develop simulation solution and design of experiment (DOE). Taguchi method was used to analysis the effect of each parameter design and predicts optimal design of new 25A-size three layer corrugated metal gasket. The L18 orthogonal array of Taguchi method was applied to design experiment matrix for eight factors with three levels. Based on elastic mode and plastic mode, optimum design gasket is gasket with core metal SUS304, surface layer aluminum, p1 = 4.5 mm, p2 = 4.5 mm, p3 = 4 mm, Tg = 1.2 mm, R = 3.5 mm, h = 0.4 mm and Ts = 0.3 mm. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contact%20width" title="contact width">contact width</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contact%20stress" title=" contact stress"> contact stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=layer" title=" layer"> layer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal%20gasket" title=" metal gasket"> metal gasket</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrugated" title=" corrugated"> corrugated</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72207/optimization-of-three-layer-corrugated-metal-gasket-by-using-finite-element-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72207.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">315</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1759</span> Two and Three Layer Lamination of Nanofiber</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roman%20Knizek">Roman Knizek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Denisa%20Karhankova"> Denisa Karhankova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ludmila%20Fridrichova"> Ludmila Fridrichova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For their exceptional properties nanofibers, respectively, nanofiber layers are achieving an increasingly wider range of uses. Nowadays nanofibers are used mainly in the field of air filtration where they are removing submicron particles, bacteria, and viruses. Their efficiency is not changed in time, and the power consumption is much lower than that of electrically charged filters. Nanofibers are primarily used for converting and storage of energy in both air and liquid filtration, in food and packaging, protecting the environment, but also in health care which is made possible by their newly discovered properties. However, a major problem of the nanofiber layer is practically zero abrasion resistance; it is, therefore, necessary to laminate the nanofiber layer with another suitable material. Unfortunately, lamination of nanofiber layers is a major problem since the nanofiber layer contains small pores through which it is very difficult for adhesion to pass through. Therefore, there is still only a small percentage of products with these unique fibers 5. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanofiber%20layer" title="nanofiber layer">nanofiber layer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanomembrane" title=" nanomembrane"> nanomembrane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lamination" title=" lamination"> lamination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrospinning" title=" electrospinning"> electrospinning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28505/two-and-three-layer-lamination-of-nanofiber" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28505.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">727</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1758</span> Ordinary and Triplet Superconducting Spin Valve Effect in Fe/Pb Based Heterostructures </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20V.%20Leksin">P. V. Leksin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20A.%20Kamashev"> A. A. Kamashev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20N.%20Garifyanov"> N. N. Garifyanov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20A.%20Garifullin"> I. A. Garifullin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ya.%20V.%20Fominov"> Ya. V. Fominov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Schumann"> J. Schumann</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Krupskaya"> Y. Krupskaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Kataev"> V. Kataev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20G.%20Schmidt"> O. G. Schmidt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20B%C3%BCchner"> B. Büchner</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We report on experimental evidence for the occurrence of the long range triplet correlations (LRTC) of the superconducting (SC) condensate in the spin-valve heterostructures CoOx/Fe1/Cu/Fe2/Pb. The LRTC generation in this layer sequence is accompanied by a Tc suppression near the orthogonal mutual orientation of the Fe1 and Fe2 layers’ magnetization. This Tc drop reaches its maximum of 60mK at the Fe2 layer thickness dFe2 = 0.6 nm and falls down when dFe2 is increased. The modification of the Fe/Pb interface by using a thin Cu intermediate layer between Fe and Pb layers reduces the SC transition width without preventing the interaction between Pb and Fe2 layers. The dependence of the SSVE magnitude on Fe1 layer thickness dFe1 reveals maximum of the effect when dFe1 and dFe2 are equal and the dFe2 value is minimal. Using the optimal Fe layers thicknesses and the intermediate Cu layer between Pb and Fe2 layer we realized almost full switching from normal to superconducting state due to SSVE. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=superconductivity" title="superconductivity">superconductivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ferromagnetism" title=" ferromagnetism"> ferromagnetism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heterostructures" title=" heterostructures"> heterostructures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proximity%20effect" title=" proximity effect"> proximity effect</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21362/ordinary-and-triplet-superconducting-spin-valve-effect-in-fepb-based-heterostructures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21362.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">416</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1757</span> Polyethylenimine-Ethoxylated Dual Interfacial Layers for High-Efficient Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Woosuk%20Lee">Woosuk Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We controlled the electron injection rate in inverted quantum dot light-emitting diode (QLED) by inserting PEIE layer between ZnO electron transport layer(ETL) and quantum dots(QDs) layer and successfully demonstrated high efficiency of QLEDs. The inverted QLED has the layer structure of ITO(cathode)/ ZnO NPs/PEIE/QDs/PEIE/P-TPD/MoO3/Al(anode). The PEIE between poly-TPD hole transport layer (HTL) and quantum dot emitting layer protects QD EML during HTL coating process and improves the surface morphology. In addition, the hole injection barrier is reduced by upshifting the valence band maximum (VBM) of QDs. An additional layer of PEIE was introduced between ZnO and QD to balance charge within QD emissive layer in device, which serves as an effective electron blocking layer without changing device operating condition such as turn-on voltage and emissive spectra. As a result, the optimized QLED with 5nm PEIE shows a ~36% improved current efficiency and external quantum efficiency (EQE) compared to the QLED without PEIE.(maximum current efficiency, and EQE are achieved 70cd/A and 17.3%, respectively). In particular, the maximum brightness of the optimized QLED dramatically improved by a factor of 2.3 relative to the QLED without PEIE. The main reasons for these QLED performance improvement are due to the suppressing the leakage current across the device and well confined exciton by inserting PEIE layers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantum%20dot%20light-emitting%20diodes" title="quantum dot light-emitting diodes">quantum dot light-emitting diodes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interfacial%20layer" title=" interfacial layer"> interfacial layer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=charge-injection%20balance" title=" charge-injection balance"> charge-injection balance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=suppressing%20QD%20charging" title=" suppressing QD charging"> suppressing QD charging</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89085/polyethylenimine-ethoxylated-dual-interfacial-layers-for-high-efficient-quantum-dot-light-emitting-diodes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89085.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">183</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1756</span> Enhancing the Network Security with Gray Code</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20Adi%20Purnomo%20Sidhi">Thomas Adi Purnomo Sidhi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays, network is an essential need in almost every part of human daily activities. People now can seamlessly connect to others through the Internet. With advanced technology, our personal data now can be more easily accessed. One of many components we are concerned for delivering the best network is a security issue. This paper is proposing a method that provides more options for security. This research aims to improve network security by focusing on the physical layer which is the first layer of the OSI model. The layer consists of the basic networking hardware transmission technologies of a network. With the use of observation method, the research produces a schematic design for enhancing the network security through the gray code converter. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network" title="network">network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network%20security" title=" network security"> network security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grey%20code" title=" grey code"> grey code</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20layer" title=" physical layer"> physical layer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41361/enhancing-the-network-security-with-gray-code" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41361.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">504</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1755</span> Strategies to Synthesize Ambient Stable Ultrathin Ag Film Supported on Oxide Substrate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Allamula%20Ashok">Allamula Ashok</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peela%20Lasya"> Peela Lasya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daljin%20Jacob"> Daljin Jacob</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Muhammed%20Razi"> P. Muhammed Razi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Satyesh%20Kumar%20Yadav"> Satyesh Kumar Yadav</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We report zinc (Zn) as a seed layer material and a need for a specific disposition sequence to grow ultrathin silver (Ag) films on quartz (SiO₂). Ag films of thickness 4, 6, 8 and 10 nm were deposited by DC magnetron sputtering without and with Zn seed layer thickness of 1, 2 and 4 nm. The effect of Zn seed layer thickness and its annealing on the surface morphology, sheet resistance, and stability of ultrathin Ag films is investigated. We show that by increasing Zn seed layer thickness from 1 to 2 nm, there is a 5-order reduction in sheet resistance of 6 nm Ag films. We find that annealing of the seed layer is crucial to achieving stability of ultrathin Ag films. 6 nm Ag film with 2 nm Zn is unstable to 100 oC annealing, while the 6 nm Ag film with annealed 2 nm Zn seed layer is stable. 2 nm Zn seeded 8 nm Ag film maintained a constant sheet resistance of 7 Ω/□ for all 6 months of exposure to ambient conditions. Among the ultrathin film grown, 8nm Ag film with 2nm Zn seed layer had the best figure of merit with sheet resistance of 7 Ω/□, mean absolute surface roughness (Ra) ~1 nm, and optical transparency of 61 %. Such stable exposed ultrathin Ag films can find applications as catalysts, sensors, and transparent and conductive electrodes for solar cells, LEDs and plasmonic devices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrathin%20Ag%20films" title="ultrathin Ag films">ultrathin Ag films</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetron%20sputtering" title=" magnetron sputtering"> magnetron sputtering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20stability" title=" thermal stability"> thermal stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seed%20layer" title=" seed layer"> seed layer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exposed%20silver" title=" exposed silver"> exposed silver</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zinc." title=" zinc."> zinc.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186459/strategies-to-synthesize-ambient-stable-ultrathin-ag-film-supported-on-oxide-substrate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186459.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">39</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1754</span> Thin-Layer Drying Characteristics and Modelling of Instant Coffee Solution</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Apolinar%20Picado">Apolinar Picado</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ronald%20Sol%C3%ADs"> Ronald Solís</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafael%20Gamero"> Rafael Gamero</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The thin-layer drying characteristics of instant coffee solution were investigated in a laboratory tunnel dryer. Drying experiments were carried out at three temperatures (80, 100 and 120 °C) and an air velocity of 1.2 m/s. Drying experimental data obtained are fitted to six (6) thin-layer drying models using the non-linear least squares regression analysis. The acceptability of the thin-layer drying model has been based on a value of the correlation coefficient that should be close to one, and low values for root mean square error (RMSE) and chi-square (x²). According to this evaluation, the most suitable model for describing drying process of thin-layer instant coffee solution is the Page model. Further, the effective moisture diffusivity and the activation energy were computed employing the drying experimental data. The effective moisture diffusivity values varied from 1.6133 × 10⁻⁹ to 1.6224 × 10⁻⁹ m²/s over the temperature range studied and the activation energy was estimated to be 162.62 J/mol. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=activation%20energy" title="activation energy">activation energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diffusivity" title=" diffusivity"> diffusivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=instant%20coffee" title=" instant coffee"> instant coffee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thin-layer%20models" title=" thin-layer models"> thin-layer models</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74728/thin-layer-drying-characteristics-and-modelling-of-instant-coffee-solution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74728.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">262</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impervious%20layer&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impervious%20layer&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impervious%20layer&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impervious%20layer&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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