CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US" prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns#"> <head><meta charset="UTF-8"><script>if(navigator.userAgent.match(/MSIE|Internet Explorer/i)||navigator.userAgent.match(/Trident\/7\..*?rv:11/i)){var href=document.location.href;if(!href.match(/[?&]nowprocket/)){if(href.indexOf("?")==-1){if(href.indexOf("#")==-1){document.location.href=href+"?nowprocket=1"}else{document.location.href=href.replace("#","?nowprocket=1#")}}else{if(href.indexOf("#")==-1){document.location.href=href+"&nowprocket=1"}else{document.location.href=href.replace("#","&nowprocket=1#")}}}}</script><script>class RocketLazyLoadScripts{constructor(){this.v="1.2.4",this.triggerEvents=["keydown","mousedown","mousemove","touchmove","touchstart","touchend","wheel"],this.userEventHandler=this._triggerListener.bind(this),this.touchStartHandler=this._onTouchStart.bind(this),this.touchMoveHandler=this._onTouchMove.bind(this),this.touchEndHandler=this._onTouchEnd.bind(this),this.clickHandler=this._onClick.bind(this),this.interceptedClicks=[],window.addEventListener("pageshow",t=>{this.persisted=t.persisted}),window.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",()=>{this._preconnect3rdParties()}),this.delayedScripts={normal:[],async:[],defer:[]},this.trash=[],this.allJQueries=[]}_addUserInteractionListener(t){if(document.hidden){t._triggerListener();return}this.triggerEvents.forEach(e=>window.addEventListener(e,t.userEventHandler,{passive:!0})),window.addEventListener("touchstart",t.touchStartHandler,{passive:!0}),window.addEventListener("mousedown",t.touchStartHandler),document.addEventListener("visibilitychange",t.userEventHandler)}_removeUserInteractionListener(){this.triggerEvents.forEach(t=>window.removeEventListener(t,this.userEventHandler,{passive:!0})),document.removeEventListener("visibilitychange",this.userEventHandler)}_onTouchStart(t){"HTML"!==t.target.tagName&&(window.addEventListener("touchend",this.touchEndHandler),window.addEventListener("mouseup",this.touchEndHandler),window.addEventListener("touchmove",this.touchMoveHandler,{passive:!0}),window.addEventListener("mousemove",this.touchMoveHandler),t.target.addEventListener("click",this.clickHandler),this._renameDOMAttribute(t.target,"onclick","rocket-onclick"),this._pendingClickStarted())}_onTouchMove(t){window.removeEventListener("touchend",this.touchEndHandler),window.removeEventListener("mouseup",this.touchEndHandler),window.removeEventListener("touchmove",this.touchMoveHandler,{passive:!0}),window.removeEventListener("mousemove",this.touchMoveHandler),t.target.removeEventListener("click",this.clickHandler),this._renameDOMAttribute(t.target,"rocket-onclick","onclick"),this._pendingClickFinished()}_onTouchEnd(){window.removeEventListener("touchend",this.touchEndHandler),window.removeEventListener("mouseup",this.touchEndHandler),window.removeEventListener("touchmove",this.touchMoveHandler,{passive:!0}),window.removeEventListener("mousemove",this.touchMoveHandler)}_onClick(t){t.target.removeEventListener("click",this.clickHandler),this._renameDOMAttribute(t.target,"rocket-onclick","onclick"),this.interceptedClicks.push(t),t.preventDefault(),t.stopPropagation(),t.stopImmediatePropagation(),this._pendingClickFinished()}_replayClicks(){window.removeEventListener("touchstart",this.touchStartHandler,{passive:!0}),window.removeEventListener("mousedown",this.touchStartHandler),this.interceptedClicks.forEach(t=>{t.target.dispatchEvent(new MouseEvent("click",{view:t.view,bubbles:!0,cancelable:!0}))})}_waitForPendingClicks(){return new Promise(t=>{this._isClickPending?this._pendingClickFinished=t:t()})}_pendingClickStarted(){this._isClickPending=!0}_pendingClickFinished(){this._isClickPending=!1}_renameDOMAttribute(t,e,r){t.hasAttribute&&t.hasAttribute(e)&&(event.target.setAttribute(r,event.target.getAttribute(e)),event.target.removeAttribute(e))}_triggerListener(){this._removeUserInteractionListener(this),"loading"===document.readyState?document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",this._loadEverythingNow.bind(this)):this._loadEverythingNow()}_preconnect3rdParties(){let t=[];document.querySelectorAll("script[type=rocketlazyloadscript][data-rocket-src]").forEach(e=>{let r=e.getAttribute("data-rocket-src");if(r&&0!==r.indexOf("data:")){0===r.indexOf("//")&&(r=location.protocol+r);try{let i=new URL(r).origin;i!==location.origin&&t.push({src:i,crossOrigin:e.crossOrigin||"module"===e.getAttribute("data-rocket-type")})}catch(n){}}}),t=[...new Map(t.map(t=>[JSON.stringify(t),t])).values()],this._batchInjectResourceHints(t,"preconnect")}async _loadEverythingNow(){this.lastBreath=Date.now(),this._delayEventListeners(),this._delayJQueryReady(this),this._handleDocumentWrite(),this._registerAllDelayedScripts(),this._preloadAllScripts(),await this._loadScriptsFromList(this.delayedScripts.normal),await this._loadScriptsFromList(this.delayedScripts.defer),await this._loadScriptsFromList(this.delayedScripts.async);try{await this._triggerDOMContentLoaded(),await this._pendingWebpackRequests(this),await this._triggerWindowLoad()}catch(t){console.error(t)}window.dispatchEvent(new Event("rocket-allScriptsLoaded")),this._waitForPendingClicks().then(()=>{this._replayClicks()}),this._emptyTrash()}_registerAllDelayedScripts(){document.querySelectorAll("script[type=rocketlazyloadscript]").forEach(t=>{t.hasAttribute("data-rocket-src")?t.hasAttribute("async")&&!1!==t.async?this.delayedScripts.async.push(t):t.hasAttribute("defer")&&!1!==t.defer||"module"===t.getAttribute("data-rocket-type")?this.delayedScripts.defer.push(t):this.delayedScripts.normal.push(t):this.delayedScripts.normal.push(t)})}async _transformScript(t){if(await this._littleBreath(),!0===t.noModule&&"noModule"in HTMLScriptElement.prototype){t.setAttribute("data-rocket-status","skipped");return}return new Promise(navigator.userAgent.indexOf("Firefox/")>0||""===navigator.vendor?e=>{let r=document.createElement("script");[...t.attributes].forEach(t=>{let e=t.nodeName;"type"!==e&&("data-rocket-type"===e&&(e="type"),"data-rocket-src"===e&&(e="src"),r.setAttribute(e,t.nodeValue))}),t.text&&(r.text=t.text),r.hasAttribute("src")?(r.addEventListener("load",e),r.addEventListener("error",e)):(r.text=t.text,e());try{t.parentNode.replaceChild(r,t)}catch(i){e()}}:e=>{function r(){t.setAttribute("data-rocket-status","failed"),e()}try{let i=t.getAttribute("data-rocket-type"),n=t.getAttribute("data-rocket-src");i?(t.type=i,t.removeAttribute("data-rocket-type")):t.removeAttribute("type"),t.addEventListener("load",function r(){t.setAttribute("data-rocket-status","executed"),e()}),t.addEventListener("error",r),n?(t.removeAttribute("data-rocket-src"),t.src=n):t.src="data:text/javascript;base64,"+window.btoa(unescape(encodeURIComponent(t.text)))}catch(s){r()}})}async _loadScriptsFromList(t){let e=t.shift();return e&&e.isConnected?(await this._transformScript(e),this._loadScriptsFromList(t)):Promise.resolve()}_preloadAllScripts(){this._batchInjectResourceHints([...this.delayedScripts.normal,...this.delayedScripts.defer,...this.delayedScripts.async],"preload")}_batchInjectResourceHints(t,e){var r=document.createDocumentFragment();t.forEach(t=>{let i=t.getAttribute&&t.getAttribute("data-rocket-src")||t.src;if(i){let n=document.createElement("link");n.href=i,n.rel=e,"preconnect"!==e&&(n.as="script"),t.getAttribute&&"module"===t.getAttribute("data-rocket-type")&&(n.crossOrigin=!0),t.crossOrigin&&(n.crossOrigin=t.crossOrigin),t.integrity&&(n.integrity=t.integrity),r.appendChild(n),this.trash.push(n)}}),document.head.appendChild(r)}_delayEventListeners(){let t={};function e(e,r){!function e(r){!t[r]&&(t[r]={originalFunctions:{add:r.addEventListener,remove:r.removeEventListener},eventsToRewrite:[]},r.addEventListener=function(){arguments[0]=i(arguments[0]),t[r].originalFunctions.add.apply(r,arguments)},r.removeEventListener=function(){arguments[0]=i(arguments[0]),t[r].originalFunctions.remove.apply(r,arguments)});function i(e){return t[r].eventsToRewrite.indexOf(e)>=0?"rocket-"+e:e}}(e),t[e].eventsToRewrite.push(r)}function r(t,e){let r=t[e];Object.defineProperty(t,e,{get:()=>r||function(){},set(i){t["rocket"+e]=r=i}})}e(document,"DOMContentLoaded"),e(window,"DOMContentLoaded"),e(window,"load"),e(window,"pageshow"),e(document,"readystatechange"),r(document,"onreadystatechange"),r(window,"onload"),r(window,"onpageshow")}_delayJQueryReady(t){let e;function r(t){return t.split(" ").map(t=>"load"===t||0===t.indexOf("load.")?"rocket-jquery-load":t).join(" ")}function i(i){if(i&&i.fn&&!t.allJQueries.includes(i)){i.fn.ready=i.fn.init.prototype.ready=function(e){return t.domReadyFired?e.bind(document)(i):document.addEventListener("rocket-DOMContentLoaded",()=>e.bind(document)(i)),i([])};let n=i.fn.on;i.fn.on=i.fn.init.prototype.on=function(){return this[0]===window&&("string"==typeof arguments[0]||arguments[0]instanceof String?arguments[0]=r(arguments[0]):"object"==typeof arguments[0]&&Object.keys(arguments[0]).forEach(t=>{let e=arguments[0][t];delete arguments[0][t],arguments[0][r(t)]=e})),n.apply(this,arguments),this},t.allJQueries.push(i)}e=i}i(window.jQuery),Object.defineProperty(window,"jQuery",{get:()=>e,set(t){i(t)}})}async _pendingWebpackRequests(t){let e=document.querySelector("script[data-webpack]");async function r(){return new Promise(t=>{e.addEventListener("load",t),e.addEventListener("error",t)})}e&&(await r(),await t._requestAnimFrame(),await t._pendingWebpackRequests(t))}async _triggerDOMContentLoaded(){this.domReadyFired=!0,await this._littleBreath(),document.dispatchEvent(new Event("rocket-DOMContentLoaded")),await this._littleBreath(),window.dispatchEvent(new Event("rocket-DOMContentLoaded")),await this._littleBreath(),document.dispatchEvent(new Event("rocket-readystatechange")),await this._littleBreath(),document.rocketonreadystatechange&&document.rocketonreadystatechange()}async _triggerWindowLoad(){await this._littleBreath(),window.dispatchEvent(new Event("rocket-load")),await this._littleBreath(),window.rocketonload&&window.rocketonload(),await this._littleBreath(),this.allJQueries.forEach(t=>t(window).trigger("rocket-jquery-load")),await this._littleBreath();let t=new Event("rocket-pageshow");t.persisted=this.persisted,window.dispatchEvent(t),await this._littleBreath(),window.rocketonpageshow&&window.rocketonpageshow({persisted:this.persisted})}_handleDocumentWrite(){let t=new Map;document.write=document.writeln=function(e){let r=document.currentScript;r||console.error("WPRocket unable to document.write this: "+e);let i=document.createRange(),n=r.parentElement,s=t.get(r);void 0===s&&(s=r.nextSibling,t.set(r,s));let a=document.createDocumentFragment();i.setStart(a,0),a.appendChild(i.createContextualFragment(e)),n.insertBefore(a,s)}}async _littleBreath(){Date.now()-this.lastBreath>45&&(await this._requestAnimFrame(),this.lastBreath=Date.now())}async _requestAnimFrame(){return document.hidden?new Promise(t=>setTimeout(t)):new Promise(t=>requestAnimationFrame(t))}_emptyTrash(){this.trash.forEach(t=>t.remove())}static run(){let t=new RocketLazyLoadScripts;t._addUserInteractionListener(t)}}RocketLazyLoadScripts.run();</script> <meta name="ahrefs-site-verification" content="e234c162f81845a16e794ed41e50cfda8cf573e26189517ed22ff476a2474742"> <style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">  <title>The Roman Empire: History, Culture & Legacy of Ancient Rome</title> <meta name="description" content="Lasting many centuries and spanning over 1.7 million square miles, the Roman Empire was the predominant power in the ancient Western world."/> <meta name="robots" content="follow, index, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1, max-image-preview:large"/> <link rel="canonical" href="https://roman-empire.net" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="og:title" content="The Roman Empire: History, Culture & Legacy of Ancient Rome" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Lasting many centuries and spanning over 1.7 million square miles, the Roman Empire was the predominant power in the ancient Western world." /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://roman-empire.net" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="The Roman Empire" /> <meta property="og:updated_time" content="2025-03-15T17:51:52+00:00" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/roman-colosseum-view-up.jpg" /> <meta property="og:image:secure_url" content="https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/roman-colosseum-view-up.jpg" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="906" /> <meta property="og:image:alt" content="roman colosseum view up" /> <meta property="og:image:type" content="image/jpeg" /> <meta property="article:published_time" content="2020-08-05T17:01:59+00:00" /> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2025-03-15T17:51:52+00:00" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="The Roman Empire: History, Culture & Legacy of Ancient Rome" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Lasting many centuries and spanning over 1.7 million square miles, the Roman Empire was the predominant power in the ancient Western world." /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@romanempire_net" /> <meta name="twitter:creator" content="@romanempire_net" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/og-image.jpg" /> <meta name="twitter:label1" content="Written by" /> <meta name="twitter:data1" content="Franco Cavazzi" /> <meta name="twitter:label2" content="Time to read" /> <meta name="twitter:data2" content="3 minutes" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="rank-math-schema-pro">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":["Person","Organization"],"@id":"https://roman-empire.net/#person","name":"ginjomantas","sameAs":["https://www.facebook.com/romanempirenet/","https://twitter.com/romanempire_net"],"logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https://roman-empire.net/#logo","url":"https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/the-roman-empire-logo.png","contentUrl":"https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/the-roman-empire-logo.png","caption":"The Roman Empire","inLanguage":"en-US","width":"1000","height":"113"},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https://roman-empire.net/#logo","url":"https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/the-roman-empire-logo.png","contentUrl":"https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/the-roman-empire-logo.png","caption":"The Roman Empire","inLanguage":"en-US","width":"1000","height":"113"}},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://roman-empire.net/#website","url":"https://roman-empire.net","name":"The Roman Empire","alternateName":"Roman Empire","publisher":{"@id":"https://roman-empire.net/#person"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":{"@type":"SearchAction","target":"https://roman-empire.net/?s={search_term_string}","query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}},{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/roman-empire.jpg","url":"https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/roman-empire.jpg","width":"908","height":"509","caption":"roman empire","inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://roman-empire.net#webpage","url":"https://roman-empire.net","name":"The Roman Empire: History, Culture & Legacy of Ancient Rome","datePublished":"2020-08-05T17:01:59+00:00","dateModified":"2025-03-15T17:51:52+00:00","about":{"@id":"https://roman-empire.net/#person"},"isPartOf":{"@id":"https://roman-empire.net/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/roman-empire.jpg"},"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https://roman-empire.net/author/franco-cavazzi","name":"Franco Cavazzi","description":"The Romans shaped our maps, our languages, and our entertainment to this day. To understand them is to understand ourselves.","url":"https://roman-empire.net/author/franco-cavazzi","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/bafaf9985a8c5c164e089751e2a93967?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/bafaf9985a8c5c164e089751e2a93967?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Franco Cavazzi","inLanguage":"en-US"},"sameAs":["Roman","Empire","Staff"]},{"@type":"Article","headline":"The Roman Empire: History, Culture & Legacy of Ancient Rome","keywords":"Roman Empire","datePublished":"2020-08-05T17:01:59+00:00","dateModified":"2025-03-15T17:51:52+00:00","author":{"@id":"https://roman-empire.net/author/franco-cavazzi","name":"Franco Cavazzi"},"publisher":{"@id":"https://roman-empire.net/#person"},"description":"Lasting many centuries and spanning over 1.7 million square miles, the Roman Empire was the predominant power in the ancient Western world.","name":"The Roman Empire: History, Culture & Legacy of Ancient Rome","@id":"https://roman-empire.net#richSnippet","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://roman-empire.net#webpage"},"image":{"@id":"https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/roman-empire.jpg"},"inLanguage":"en-US","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https://roman-empire.net#webpage"}}]}</script>  <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//roman-empire.kit.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//scripts.mediavine.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//www.googletagmanager.com' /> <link href='https://fonts.gstatic.com' crossorigin rel='preconnect' /> <link href='https://fonts.googleapis.com' crossorigin rel='preconnect' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="The Roman Empire » Feed" href="https://roman-empire.net/feed" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="The Roman Empire » Comments Feed" href="https://roman-empire.net/comments/feed" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="The Roman Empire » Stories Feed" href="https://roman-empire.net/web-stories/feed/"><link data-minify="1" rel='stylesheet' id='mp-theme-css' href='https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-content/plugins/memberpress/css/ui/theme.css?ver=1742064969' media='all' /> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://roman-empire.net/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=6.7.2' media='all' /> <link data-minify="1" rel='stylesheet' id='convertkit-broadcasts-css' href='https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/cache/background-css/roman-empire.net/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-content/plugins/convertkit/resources/frontend/css/broadcasts.css?ver=1742064969&wpr_t=1743932983' media='all' /> <link data-minify="1" rel='stylesheet' id='convertkit-button-css' href='https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-content/plugins/convertkit/resources/frontend/css/button.css?ver=1742064969' media='all' /> <link data-minify="1" rel='stylesheet' id='convertkit-form-css' href='https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-content/plugins/convertkit/resources/frontend/css/form.css?ver=1742064969' media='all' /> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--color--contrast: var(--contrast);--wp--preset--color--contrast-2: var(--contrast-2);--wp--preset--color--contrast-3: var(--contrast-3);--wp--preset--color--base: var(--base);--wp--preset--color--base-2: var(--base-2);--wp--preset--color--base-3: var(--base-3);--wp--preset--color--accent: var(--accent);--wp--preset--color--accent-2: var(--accent-2);--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='generateblocks-google-fonts-css' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Playfair+Display:regular,500,600,700,800,900,italic,500italic,600italic,700italic,800italic,900italic&display=swap' media='all' /> <link data-minify="1" rel='stylesheet' id='SFSImainCss-css' href='https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/cache/background-css/roman-empire.net/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-social-media-icons/css/sfsi-style.css?ver=1742064969&wpr_t=1743932983' media='all' /> <link data-minify="1" rel='stylesheet' id='uagb-block-css-css' href='https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-content/uploads/uag-plugin/custom-style-blocks.css?ver=1742065160' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='generate-widget-areas-css' href='https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/themes/generatepress/assets/css/components/widget-areas.min.css?ver=3.5.1' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='generate-style-css' href='https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/themes/generatepress/assets/css/main.min.css?ver=3.5.1' media='all' /> <style id='generate-style-inline-css'> body{background-color:#ffffff;color:#333333;}a:visited{color:#162a3c;}a:hover, a:focus, a:active{color:#cab9a4;}.grid-container{max-width:1300px;}.wp-block-group__inner-container{max-width:1300px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}.site-header .header-image{width:390px;}.generate-back-to-top{font-size:20px;border-radius:3px;position:fixed;bottom:30px;right:30px;line-height:40px;width:40px;text-align:center;z-index:10;transition:opacity 300ms ease-in-out;opacity:0.1;transform:translateY(1000px);}.generate-back-to-top__show{opacity:1;transform:translateY(0);}.navigation-search{position:absolute;left:-99999px;pointer-events:none;visibility:hidden;z-index:20;width:100%;top:0;transition:opacity 100ms ease-in-out;opacity:0;}.navigation-search.nav-search-active{left:0;right:0;pointer-events:auto;visibility:visible;opacity:1;}.navigation-search input[type="search"]{outline:0;border:0;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:1;opacity:0.9;width:100%;z-index:20;border-radius:0;-webkit-appearance:none;height:60px;}.navigation-search input::-ms-clear{display:none;width:0;height:0;}.navigation-search input::-ms-reveal{display:none;width:0;height:0;}.navigation-search input::-webkit-search-decoration, .navigation-search input::-webkit-search-cancel-button, .navigation-search input::-webkit-search-results-button, .navigation-search input::-webkit-search-results-decoration{display:none;}.gen-sidebar-nav .navigation-search{top:auto;bottom:0;}:root{--contrast:#111111;--contrast-2:#1f2d3d;--contrast-3:#666666;--base:#f0f0f0;--base-2:#f5f8fa;--base-3:#ffffff;--accent:#b2a48b;--accent-2:#406080;}:root .has-contrast-color{color:var(--contrast);}:root .has-contrast-background-color{background-color:var(--contrast);}:root .has-contrast-2-color{color:var(--contrast-2);}:root .has-contrast-2-background-color{background-color:var(--contrast-2);}:root .has-contrast-3-color{color:var(--contrast-3);}:root .has-contrast-3-background-color{background-color:var(--contrast-3);}:root .has-base-color{color:var(--base);}:root .has-base-background-color{background-color:var(--base);}:root .has-base-2-color{color:var(--base-2);}:root .has-base-2-background-color{background-color:var(--base-2);}:root .has-base-3-color{color:var(--base-3);}:root .has-base-3-background-color{background-color:var(--base-3);}:root .has-accent-color{color:var(--accent);}:root .has-accent-background-color{background-color:var(--accent);}:root .has-accent-2-color{color:var(--accent-2);}:root .has-accent-2-background-color{background-color:var(--accent-2);}body, button, input, select, textarea{font-family:Source Serif Pro, serif;font-size:18px;}body{line-height:1.7;}.main-title{font-weight:normal;font-size:20px;}.site-description{font-size:16px;}.main-navigation a, .main-navigation .menu-toggle, .main-navigation .menu-bar-items{font-size:16px;}.widget-title{font-size:24px;}button:not(.menu-toggle),html input[type="button"],input[type="reset"],input[type="submit"],.button,.wp-block-button .wp-block-button__link{font-family:Source Sans Pro, sans-serif;font-weight:bold;text-transform:uppercase;font-size:17px;}.site-info{font-size:14px;}h1{font-family:Playfair Display, serif;font-size:56px;line-height:1.3;}@media (max-width:768px){h1{font-size:40px;}}h2{font-family:Playfair Display, serif;font-size:40px;line-height:1.4;}h3{font-size:34px;line-height:1.4;}h4{font-family:Source Sans Pro, sans-serif;font-weight:bold;text-transform:uppercase;font-size:22px;line-height:1.4;}h5{font-size:20px;line-height:1;}.top-bar{background-color:#636363;color:#ffffff;}.top-bar a{color:#ffffff;}.top-bar a:hover{color:#303030;}.site-header{background-color:var(--contrast-2);color:#ffffff;}.site-header a{color:#ffffff;}.site-header a:hover{color:#c9b8a3;}.main-title a,.main-title a:hover{color:#ffffff;}.site-description{color:#ffffff;}.main-navigation .main-nav ul li a, .main-navigation .menu-toggle, .main-navigation .menu-bar-items{color:#ffffff;}.main-navigation .main-nav ul li:not([class*="current-menu-"]):hover > a, .main-navigation .main-nav ul li:not([class*="current-menu-"]):focus > a, .main-navigation .main-nav ul li.sfHover:not([class*="current-menu-"]) > a, .main-navigation .menu-bar-item:hover > a, .main-navigation .menu-bar-item.sfHover > a{color:#c9b8a3;}button.menu-toggle:hover,button.menu-toggle:focus{color:#ffffff;}.main-navigation .main-nav ul li[class*="current-menu-"] > a{color:#c9b8a3;}.navigation-search input[type="search"],.navigation-search input[type="search"]:active, .navigation-search input[type="search"]:focus, .main-navigation .main-nav ul li.search-item.active > a, .main-navigation .menu-bar-items .search-item.active > a{color:#111111;background-color:#f5f8fa;opacity:1;}.main-navigation ul ul{background-color:#081e33;}.main-navigation .main-nav ul ul li a{color:#ffffff;}.main-navigation .main-nav ul ul li:not([class*="current-menu-"]):hover > a,.main-navigation .main-nav ul ul li:not([class*="current-menu-"]):focus > a, .main-navigation .main-nav ul ul li.sfHover:not([class*="current-menu-"]) > a{color:#c9b8a3;}.main-navigation .main-nav ul ul li[class*="current-menu-"] > a{color:#ffffff;}.separate-containers .inside-article, .separate-containers .comments-area, .separate-containers .page-header, .one-container .container, .separate-containers .paging-navigation, .inside-page-header{color:#333333;background-color:#ffffff;}.inside-article a,.paging-navigation a,.comments-area a,.page-header a{color:#c9b8a3;}.inside-article a:hover,.paging-navigation a:hover,.comments-area a:hover,.page-header a:hover{color:#081e33;}.entry-header h1,.page-header h1{color:#081e33;}.entry-title a{color:#081e33;}.entry-title a:hover{color:#cab9a4;}.entry-meta{color:#c9b8a3;}.entry-meta a{color:#c9b8a3;}.entry-meta a:hover{color:#c9b8a3;}h1{color:#081e33;}h2{color:#081e33;}h3{color:#081e33;}h4{color:#b2a48b;}h5{color:#081e33;}.sidebar .widget{color:var(--contrast-2);background-color:#f4f1ed;}.sidebar .widget a{color:var(--accent-2);}.sidebar .widget a:hover{color:#c9b8a3;}.sidebar .widget .widget-title{color:var(--contrast-2);}.footer-widgets{color:var(--contrast-2);background-color:#f4f1ed;}.footer-widgets a{color:var(--base-3);}.footer-widgets a:hover{color:var(--accent);}.footer-widgets .widget-title{color:var(--accent);}.site-info{color:#ffffff;background-color:#081e33;}.site-info a{color:#cab9a4;}.site-info a:hover{color:#ffffff;}.footer-bar .widget_nav_menu .current-menu-item a{color:#ffffff;}input[type="text"],input[type="email"],input[type="url"],input[type="password"],input[type="search"],input[type="tel"],input[type="number"],textarea,select{color:var(--contrast);background-color:#fafafa;border-color:var(--base-2);}input[type="text"]:focus,input[type="email"]:focus,input[type="url"]:focus,input[type="password"]:focus,input[type="search"]:focus,input[type="tel"]:focus,input[type="number"]:focus,textarea:focus,select:focus{color:var(--contrast);background-color:var(--base-2);border-color:var(--base-2);}button,html input[type="button"],input[type="reset"],input[type="submit"],a.button,a.wp-block-button__link:not(.has-background){color:#081e33;background-color:#c9b8a3;}button:hover,html input[type="button"]:hover,input[type="reset"]:hover,input[type="submit"]:hover,a.button:hover,button:focus,html input[type="button"]:focus,input[type="reset"]:focus,input[type="submit"]:focus,a.button:focus,a.wp-block-button__link:not(.has-background):active,a.wp-block-button__link:not(.has-background):focus,a.wp-block-button__link:not(.has-background):hover{color:#ffffff;background-color:#081e33;}a.generate-back-to-top{background-color:#f4f1ed;color:#081e33;}a.generate-back-to-top:hover,a.generate-back-to-top:focus{background-color:#081e33;color:#f4f1ed;}:root{--gp-search-modal-bg-color:var(--base-3);--gp-search-modal-text-color:var(--contrast);--gp-search-modal-overlay-bg-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.2);}@media (max-width: 992px){.main-navigation .menu-bar-item:hover > a, .main-navigation .menu-bar-item.sfHover > a{background:none;color:#ffffff;}}.inside-header{padding:20px;}.nav-below-header .main-navigation .inside-navigation.grid-container, .nav-above-header .main-navigation .inside-navigation.grid-container{padding:0px 2px 0px 2px;}.separate-containers .inside-article, .separate-containers .comments-area, .separate-containers .page-header, .separate-containers .paging-navigation, .one-container .site-content, .inside-page-header{padding:30px;}.site-main .wp-block-group__inner-container{padding:30px;}.separate-containers .paging-navigation{padding-top:20px;padding-bottom:20px;}.entry-content .alignwide, body:not(.no-sidebar) .entry-content .alignfull{margin-left:-30px;width:calc(100% + 60px);max-width:calc(100% + 60px);}.one-container.right-sidebar .site-main,.one-container.both-right .site-main{margin-right:30px;}.one-container.left-sidebar .site-main,.one-container.both-left .site-main{margin-left:30px;}.one-container.both-sidebars .site-main{margin:0px 30px 0px 30px;}.sidebar .widget, .page-header, .widget-area .main-navigation, .site-main > *{margin-bottom:24px;}.separate-containers .site-main{margin:24px;}.both-right .inside-left-sidebar,.both-left .inside-left-sidebar{margin-right:12px;}.both-right .inside-right-sidebar,.both-left .inside-right-sidebar{margin-left:12px;}.one-container.archive .post:not(:last-child):not(.is-loop-template-item), .one-container.blog .post:not(:last-child):not(.is-loop-template-item){padding-bottom:30px;}.separate-containers .featured-image{margin-top:24px;}.separate-containers .inside-right-sidebar, .separate-containers .inside-left-sidebar{margin-top:24px;margin-bottom:24px;}.main-navigation .main-nav ul li a,.menu-toggle,.main-navigation .menu-bar-item > a{padding-left:22px;padding-right:22px;line-height:54px;}.main-navigation .main-nav ul ul li a{padding:8px 22px 8px 22px;}.navigation-search input[type="search"]{height:54px;}.rtl .menu-item-has-children .dropdown-menu-toggle{padding-left:22px;}.menu-item-has-children .dropdown-menu-toggle{padding-right:22px;}.menu-item-has-children ul .dropdown-menu-toggle{padding-top:8px;padding-bottom:8px;margin-top:-8px;}.rtl .main-navigation .main-nav ul li.menu-item-has-children > a{padding-right:22px;}.widget-area .widget{padding:30px;}.footer-widgets-container{padding:70px 30px 50px 30px;}@media (max-width:768px){.separate-containers .inside-article, .separate-containers .comments-area, .separate-containers .page-header, .separate-containers .paging-navigation, .one-container .site-content, .inside-page-header{padding:40px 20px 100px 20px;}.site-main .wp-block-group__inner-container{padding:40px 20px 100px 20px;}.inside-top-bar{padding-right:30px;padding-left:30px;}.inside-header{padding-top:20px;padding-right:20px;padding-bottom:10px;padding-left:20px;}.widget-area .widget{padding-top:20px;padding-right:20px;padding-bottom:20px;padding-left:20px;}.inside-site-info{padding-right:30px;padding-left:30px;}.entry-content .alignwide, body:not(.no-sidebar) .entry-content .alignfull{margin-left:-20px;width:calc(100% + 40px);max-width:calc(100% + 40px);}.one-container .site-main .paging-navigation{margin-bottom:24px;}}/* End cached CSS */.is-right-sidebar{width:25%;}.is-left-sidebar{width:30%;}.site-content .content-area{width:100%;}@media (max-width: 992px){.main-navigation .menu-toggle,.sidebar-nav-mobile:not(#sticky-placeholder){display:block;}.main-navigation ul,.gen-sidebar-nav,.main-navigation:not(.slideout-navigation):not(.toggled) .main-nav > ul,.has-inline-mobile-toggle #site-navigation .inside-navigation > *:not(.navigation-search):not(.main-nav){display:none;}.nav-align-right .inside-navigation,.nav-align-center .inside-navigation{justify-content:space-between;}.has-inline-mobile-toggle .mobile-menu-control-wrapper{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;}.has-inline-mobile-toggle .inside-header{flex-direction:row;text-align:left;flex-wrap:wrap;}.has-inline-mobile-toggle .header-widget,.has-inline-mobile-toggle #site-navigation{flex-basis:100%;}.nav-float-left .has-inline-mobile-toggle #site-navigation{order:10;}} .elementor-template-full-width .site-content{display:block;} .dynamic-author-image-rounded{border-radius:100%;}.dynamic-featured-image, .dynamic-author-image{vertical-align:middle;}.one-container.blog .dynamic-content-template:not(:last-child), .one-container.archive .dynamic-content-template:not(:last-child){padding-bottom:0px;}.dynamic-entry-excerpt > p:last-child{margin-bottom:0px;} .page-hero .inside-page-hero.grid-container{max-width:calc(1300px - 0px - 0px);}.inside-page-hero > *:last-child{margin-bottom:0px;}.page-hero time.updated{display:none;}.header-wrap{position:absolute;left:0px;right:0px;z-index:10;}.header-wrap .site-header{background:transparent;}.elementor-editor-active .header-wrap{pointer-events:none;} @media (max-width: 992px){.main-navigation .main-nav ul li a,.main-navigation .menu-toggle,.main-navigation .mobile-bar-items a,.main-navigation .menu-bar-item > a{line-height:80px;}.main-navigation .site-logo.navigation-logo img, .mobile-header-navigation .site-logo.mobile-header-logo img, .navigation-search input[type="search"]{height:80px;}}.post-image:not(:first-child), .page-content:not(:first-child), .entry-content:not(:first-child), .entry-summary:not(:first-child), footer.entry-meta{margin-top:1.3em;}.post-image-above-header .inside-article div.featured-image, .post-image-above-header .inside-article div.post-image{margin-bottom:1.3em;}.main-navigation.slideout-navigation .main-nav > ul > li > a{line-height:60px;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='generate-google-fonts-css' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Serif+Pro%3Aregular%2C600%2C700%7CPlayfair+Display%3Aregular%2C500%2C600%2C700%2C800%2C900%2Citalic%2C500italic%2C600italic%2C700italic%2C800italic%2C900italic%7CSource+Sans+Pro%3A200%2C200italic%2C300%2C300italic%2Cregular%2Citalic%2C600%2C600italic%2C700%2C700italic%2C900%2C900italic&display=auto&ver=3.5.1' media='all' /> <link data-minify="1" rel='stylesheet' id='generateblocks-css' href='https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/cache/background-css/roman-empire.net/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-content/uploads/generateblocks/style-2070.css?ver=1742065160&wpr_t=1743932984' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='generate-offside-css' href='https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/plugins/gp-premium/menu-plus/functions/css/offside.min.css?ver=2.1.1' media='all' /> <style id='generate-offside-inline-css'> .slideout-navigation.main-navigation{background-color:#081e33;}.slideout-navigation.main-navigation .main-nav ul li a{color:#ffffff;}.slideout-navigation.main-navigation ul ul{background-color:#081e33;}.slideout-navigation.main-navigation .main-nav ul ul li a{color:#ffffff;}.slideout-navigation.main-navigation .main-nav ul li:not([class*="current-menu-"]):hover > a, .slideout-navigation.main-navigation .main-nav ul li:not([class*="current-menu-"]):focus > a, .slideout-navigation.main-navigation .main-nav ul li.sfHover:not([class*="current-menu-"]) > a{color:#ffffff;}.slideout-navigation.main-navigation .main-nav ul ul li:not([class*="current-menu-"]):hover > a, .slideout-navigation.main-navigation .main-nav ul ul li:not([class*="current-menu-"]):focus > a, .slideout-navigation.main-navigation .main-nav ul ul li.sfHover:not([class*="current-menu-"]) > a{color:#ffffff;background-color:var(--contrast-2);}.slideout-navigation.main-navigation .main-nav ul li[class*="current-menu-"] > a{color:#ffffff;}.slideout-navigation.main-navigation .main-nav ul ul li[class*="current-menu-"] > a{color:#ffffff;background-color:var(--contrast);}.slideout-navigation, .slideout-navigation a{color:#ffffff;}.slideout-navigation button.slideout-exit{color:#ffffff;padding-left:22px;padding-right:22px;}.slide-opened nav.toggled .menu-toggle:before{display:none;}@media (max-width: 992px){.menu-bar-item.slideout-toggle{display:none;}} .slideout-navigation.main-navigation .main-nav ul li a{font-size:20px;}@media (max-width:768px){.slideout-navigation.main-navigation .main-nav ul li a{font-size:20px;}} </style> <script async="async" data-noptimize="1" data-cfasync="false" async="async" data-noptimize="1" data-cfasync="false" src="https://scripts.mediavine.com/tags/roman-empire.js?ver=6.7.2" id="mv-script-wrapper-js"></script> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript" data-rocket-src="https://roman-empire.net/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js" defer></script> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript" data-rocket-src="https://roman-empire.net/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js" defer></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://roman-empire.net/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://roman-empire.net/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/2070" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://roman-empire.net/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress 6.7.2" /> <link rel='shortlink' href='https://roman-empire.net/' /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://roman-empire.net/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Froman-empire.net%2F" /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://roman-empire.net/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Froman-empire.net%2F&format=xml" />  <script type="rocketlazyloadscript" data-minify="1" async data-rocket-src="https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/cache/min/1/team_6c4daa19878f.js?ver=1742064969" data-sparkloop></script>     <script type="rocketlazyloadscript"> !function(f,b,e,v,n,t,s) {if(f.fbq)return;n=f.fbq=function(){n.callMethod? n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments)}; if(!f._fbq)f._fbq=n;n.push=n;n.loaded=!0;n.version='2.0'; n.queue=[];t=b.createElement(e);t.async=!0; t.src=v;s=b.getElementsByTagName(e)[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s)}(window, document,'script', 'https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js'); fbq('init', '1806372976186662'); fbq('track', 'PageView'); </script> <noscript><img height="1" width="1" style="display:none" src="https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=1806372976186662&ev=PageView&noscript=1" /></noscript>   <script type="rocketlazyloadscript" data-rocket-src="https://classic.avantlink.com/affiliate_app_confirm.php?mode=js&authResponse=5c7851b781e975411b276af54fa3627eb00439e6" defer></script>  <style> h4, .main-nav, .wp-block-button { letter-spacing:0.1em; } h6 { margin-bottom:5px; } /*.button, .wp-block-button .wp-block-button__link { padding: 8px 30px 4px 30px; }*/ .single-post .inside-article h2, .single-post .inside-article h3, .single-post .inside-article h4 { margin-top:30px; } .single-post .inside-article h4 { margin-top:16px; } .title-header-container h4 { margin-top: 0; } h4.uagb-timeline__heading { margin-top: 0; } p.uagb-timeline-desc-content { margin-bottom:0; } .home-intro { margin-top:-550px; } .gb-headline .gb-icon { display:block !important; } .title-header-container span span { line-height:1.3em; } .title-header-container span span a { color:#c9b8a3; } .single-post .inside-article .entry-content p a { color: #162a3c; text-decoration:underline; text-decoration-color:#162a3c; } .single-post .inside-article .entry-content a:hover { color:#c9b8a3; } .wp-block-buttons a { text-decoration:none !important; } .saboxplugin-authorname a { font-weight:bold; color:#162a3c; } .wp-block-separator { width:30%; margin:60px auto !important; border-color:#cab8a4; } .hero-title-cat { font-size:60px; line-height:1.2em; } .title-header-container p { text-align:center; margin-top:20px; margin-bottom:0; padding-bottom:0; font-size:17px; } .title-header-container a.button { color:#081e33 !important; } .title-header-container a.button:hover { color:#fff !important; } .uagb-timeline__date-new { opacity:0; } .timeline-container { max-width:900px; margin:0 auto; } .site-footer { margin-top:60px; } .intro-roman { font-size:100px; } .intro-history { font-size: 30px; } @media only screen and (max-width: 1005px) { .home-intro { margin-bottom:50px; } } @media only screen and (max-width: 767px) { .home-intro { margin-top:-320px; margin-bottom:50px; } .intro-history { font-size:22px !important; } .intro-roman { font-size:60px !important; } .hero-title-cat { font-size:30px; } .wp-block-image .alignright, .wp-block-image .alignleft { float:none; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; } .home-caesar { max-width:200px; height:auto; margin:-50px auto 0 auto; } .site-logo { width: 100%; max-width: 280px; height: auto; } }</style>  <meta name="generator" content="Site Kit by Google 1.146.0" />  <script type="rocketlazyloadscript" async data-rocket-src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-M9V78052B9"></script> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript"> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-M9V78052B9'); </script> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript" data-rocket-type="text/javascript">//<![CDATA[ function external_links_in_new_windows_loop() { if (!document.links) { document.links = document.getElementsByTagName('a'); } var change_link = false; var force = ''; var ignore = ''; for (var t=0; t<document.links.length; t++) { var all_links = document.links[t]; change_link = false; if(document.links[t].hasAttribute('onClick') == false) { // forced if the address starts with http (or also https), but does not link to the current domain if(all_links.href.search(/^http/) != -1 && all_links.href.search('roman-empire.net') == -1 && all_links.href.search(/^#/) == -1) { // console.log('Changed ' + all_links.href); change_link = true; } if(force != '' && all_links.href.search(force) != -1) { // forced // console.log('force ' + all_links.href); change_link = true; } if(ignore != '' && all_links.href.search(ignore) != -1) { // console.log('ignore ' + all_links.href); // ignored change_link = false; } if(change_link == true) { // console.log('Changed ' + all_links.href); document.links[t].setAttribute('onClick', 'javascript:window.open(\'' + all_links.href.replace(/'/g, '') + '\', \'_blank\', \'noopener\'); return false;'); document.links[t].removeAttribute('target'); } } } } // Load function external_links_in_new_windows_load(func) { var oldonload = window.onload; if (typeof window.onload != 'function'){ window.onload = func; } else { window.onload = function(){ oldonload(); func(); } } } external_links_in_new_windows_load(external_links_in_new_windows_loop); //]]></script> <meta name="follow.it-verification-code-MmovUk96NVIrTjhsb0V0bUxIaHE2NXhKZGdjQVk0ejhlazMvVXlnQzZJajVUK3JjL3hkckNyVzNTSWhTRVdqRHJSQmlxRUNDSklQWS9xbTFDSXhzdElHN2JnTXdaRWlFQVhESEowUjlWbEN6SmJVRXJIUkJMS1hKb3JJMlRvdzJ8dll6ZUFuYjdPbFlZVFlHbjBOQW00NGhlZ0dYdU5BeUxQRDZibUdhejNWYz0=" content="9MbDmA1F8a0zZ0jmUuVL"/><meta name="generator" content="Elementor 3.27.6; features: e_font_icon_svg, additional_custom_breakpoints, e_element_cache; settings: css_print_method-external, google_font-enabled, font_display-swap"> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript" data-grow-initializer="">!(function(){window.growMe||((window.growMe=function(e){window.growMe._.push(e);}),(window.growMe._=[]));var e=document.createElement("script");(e.type="text/javascript"),(e.src="https://faves.grow.me/main.js"),(e.defer=!0),e.setAttribute("data-grow-faves-site-id","U2l0ZTpiY2Y4Y2NiZi0xN2JiLTQ0ODAtYjc1NS1mMjA1Yjc0ZDFjMjM=");var t=document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];t.parentNode.insertBefore(e,t);})();</script> <meta name="onesignal" content="wordpress-plugin"/> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript"> window.OneSignalDeferred = window.OneSignalDeferred || []; OneSignalDeferred.push(function(OneSignal) { var oneSignal_options = {}; window._oneSignalInitOptions = oneSignal_options; oneSignal_options['serviceWorkerParam'] = { scope: '/wp-content/plugins/onesignal-free-web-push-notifications/sdk_files/push/onesignal/' }; oneSignal_options['serviceWorkerPath'] = 'OneSignalSDKWorker.js'; OneSignal.Notifications.setDefaultUrl("https://roman-empire.net"); oneSignal_options['wordpress'] = true; oneSignal_options['appId'] = 'a91da992-c847-401f-a4af-a15501e9eab4'; oneSignal_options['allowLocalhostAsSecureOrigin'] = true; oneSignal_options['welcomeNotification'] = { }; oneSignal_options['welcomeNotification']['title'] = ""; oneSignal_options['welcomeNotification']['message'] = ""; oneSignal_options['path'] = "https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/plugins/onesignal-free-web-push-notifications/sdk_files/"; oneSignal_options['safari_web_id'] = "web.onesignal.auto.0f5650bb-bc45-4dc5-a4b8-8665864d5e48"; oneSignal_options['promptOptions'] = { }; oneSignal_options['notifyButton'] = { }; oneSignal_options['notifyButton']['enable'] = true; oneSignal_options['notifyButton']['position'] = 'bottom-right'; oneSignal_options['notifyButton']['theme'] = 'default'; oneSignal_options['notifyButton']['size'] = 'medium'; oneSignal_options['notifyButton']['showCredit'] = true; oneSignal_options['notifyButton']['text'] = {}; OneSignal.init(window._oneSignalInitOptions); OneSignal.Slidedown.promptPush() }); function documentInitOneSignal() { var oneSignal_elements = document.getElementsByClassName("OneSignal-prompt"); var oneSignalLinkClickHandler = function(event) { OneSignal.Notifications.requestPermission(); event.preventDefault(); }; for(var i = 0; i < oneSignal_elements.length; i++) oneSignal_elements[i].addEventListener('click', oneSignalLinkClickHandler, false); } if (document.readyState === 'complete') { documentInitOneSignal(); } else { window.addEventListener("load", function(event){ documentInitOneSignal(); }); } </script> <style> .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+4):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload), .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+4):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) * { background-image: none !important; } @media screen and (max-height: 1024px) { .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+3):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload), .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+3):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) * { background-image: none !important; } } @media screen and (max-height: 640px) { .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+2):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload), .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+2):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) * { background-image: none !important; } } </style> <noscript><style>.lazyload[data-src]{display:none !important;}</style></noscript><style>.lazyload{background-image:none !important;}.lazyload:before{background-image:none !important;}</style><script type="rocketlazyloadscript" id="google_gtagjs" data-rocket-src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-M9V78052B9" async></script> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript" id="google_gtagjs-inline"> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);}gtag('js', new Date());gtag('config', 'G-M9V78052B9', {} ); </script> <style type="text/css">.saboxplugin-wrap{-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;-ms-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #eee;width:100%;clear:both;display:block;overflow:hidden;word-wrap:break-word;position:relative}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-gravatar{float:left;padding:0 20px 20px 20px}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-gravatar img{max-width:100px;height:auto;border-radius:0;}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-authorname{font-size:18px;line-height:1;margin:20px 0 0 20px;display:block}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-authorname a{text-decoration:none}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-authorname a:focus{outline:0}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-desc{display:block;margin:5px 20px}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-desc a{text-decoration:underline}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-desc p{margin:5px 0 12px}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-web{margin:0 20px 15px;text-align:left}.saboxplugin-wrap .sab-web-position{text-align:right}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-web a{color:#ccc;text-decoration:none}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-socials{position:relative;display:block;background:#fcfcfc;padding:5px;border-top:1px solid #eee}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-socials a svg{width:20px;height:20px}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-socials a svg .st2{fill:#fff; transform-origin:center center;}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-socials a svg .st1{fill:rgba(0,0,0,.3)}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-socials a:hover{opacity:.8;-webkit-transition:opacity .4s;-moz-transition:opacity .4s;-o-transition:opacity .4s;transition:opacity .4s;box-shadow:none!important;-webkit-box-shadow:none!important}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-socials .saboxplugin-icon-color{box-shadow:none;padding:0;border:0;-webkit-transition:opacity .4s;-moz-transition:opacity .4s;-o-transition:opacity .4s;transition:opacity .4s;display:inline-block;color:#fff;font-size:0;text-decoration:inherit;margin:5px;-webkit-border-radius:0;-moz-border-radius:0;-ms-border-radius:0;-o-border-radius:0;border-radius:0;overflow:hidden}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-socials .saboxplugin-icon-grey{text-decoration:inherit;box-shadow:none;position:relative;display:-moz-inline-stack;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;zoom:1;margin:10px 5px;color:#444;fill:#444}.clearfix:after,.clearfix:before{content:' ';display:table;line-height:0;clear:both}.ie7 .clearfix{zoom:1}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-twitch{border-color:#38245c}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-addthis{border-color:#e91c00}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-behance{border-color:#003eb0}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-delicious{border-color:#06c}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-deviantart{border-color:#036824}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-digg{border-color:#00327c}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-dribbble{border-color:#ba1655}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-facebook{border-color:#1e2e4f}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-flickr{border-color:#003576}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-github{border-color:#264874}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-google{border-color:#0b51c5}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-googleplus{border-color:#96271a}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-html5{border-color:#902e13}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-instagram{border-color:#1630aa}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-linkedin{border-color:#00344f}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-pinterest{border-color:#5b040e}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-reddit{border-color:#992900}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-rss{border-color:#a43b0a}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-sharethis{border-color:#5d8420}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-skype{border-color:#00658a}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-soundcloud{border-color:#995200}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-spotify{border-color:#0f612c}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-stackoverflow{border-color:#a95009}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-steam{border-color:#006388}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-user_email{border-color:#b84e05}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-stumbleUpon{border-color:#9b280e}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-tumblr{border-color:#10151b}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-twitter{border-color:#0967a0}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-vimeo{border-color:#0d7091}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-windows{border-color:#003f71}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-whatsapp{border-color:#003f71}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-wordpress{border-color:#0f3647}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-yahoo{border-color:#14002d}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-youtube{border-color:#900}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-xing{border-color:#000202}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-mixcloud{border-color:#2475a0}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-vk{border-color:#243549}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-medium{border-color:#00452c}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-quora{border-color:#420e00}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-meetup{border-color:#9b181c}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-goodreads{border-color:#000}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-snapchat{border-color:#999700}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-500px{border-color:#00557f}.saboxplugin-socials.sabox-colored .saboxplugin-icon-color .sab-mastodont{border-color:#185886}.sabox-plus-item{margin-bottom:20px}@media screen and (max-width:480px){.saboxplugin-wrap{text-align:center}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-gravatar{float:none;padding:20px 0;text-align:center;margin:0 auto;display:block}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-gravatar img{float:none;display:inline-block;display:-moz-inline-stack;vertical-align:middle;zoom:1}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-desc{margin:0 10px 20px;text-align:center}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-authorname{text-align:center;margin:10px 0 20px}}body .saboxplugin-authorname a,body .saboxplugin-authorname a:hover{box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none}a.sab-profile-edit{font-size:16px!important;line-height:1!important}.sab-edit-settings a,a.sab-profile-edit{color:#0073aa!important;box-shadow:none!important;-webkit-box-shadow:none!important}.sab-edit-settings{margin-right:15px;position:absolute;right:0;z-index:2;bottom:10px;line-height:20px}.sab-edit-settings i{margin-left:5px}.saboxplugin-socials{line-height:1!important}.rtl .saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-gravatar{float:right}.rtl .saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-authorname{display:flex;align-items:center}.rtl .saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-authorname .sab-profile-edit{margin-right:10px}.rtl .sab-edit-settings{right:auto;left:0}img.sab-custom-avatar{max-width:75px;}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-gravatar img {-webkit-border-radius:50%;-moz-border-radius:50%;-ms-border-radius:50%;-o-border-radius:50%;border-radius:50%;}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-gravatar img {-webkit-border-radius:50%;-moz-border-radius:50%;-ms-border-radius:50%;-o-border-radius:50%;border-radius:50%;}.saboxplugin-wrap {margin-top:50px; margin-bottom:50px; padding: 10px 10px }.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-authorname {font-size:24px; line-height:31px;}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-desc p, .saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-desc {font-size:14px !important; line-height:21px !important;}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-web {font-size:14px;}.saboxplugin-wrap .saboxplugin-socials a svg {width:18px;height:18px;}</style><style id="uagb-style-conditional-extension">@media (min-width: 1025px){body .uag-hide-desktop.uagb-google-map__wrap,body .uag-hide-desktop{display:none !important}}@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1024px){body .uag-hide-tab.uagb-google-map__wrap,body .uag-hide-tab{display:none !important}}@media (max-width: 767px){body .uag-hide-mob.uagb-google-map__wrap,body .uag-hide-mob{display:none !important}}</style><style id="uagb-style-frontend-2070">.uagb-block-84742e07-7560-45fc-98f4-95ade75ba218.uagb-timeline__outer-wrap .uagb-timeline__heading{margin-bottom: 3px;}.uagb-block-84742e07-7560-45fc-98f4-95ade75ba218.uagb-timeline__outer-wrap .uagb-timeline__marker.uagb-timeline__in-view-icon svg{fill: #cab9a4;color: #cab9a4;}.uagb-block-84742e07-7560-45fc-98f4-95ade75ba218.uagb-timeline__outer-wrap .uagb-timeline__heading-text{margin-bottom: 3px;}.uagb-block-84742e07-7560-45fc-98f4-95ade75ba218.uagb-timeline__outer-wrap .uagb-timeline-desc-content{line-height: 1.4em;}.uagb-block-84742e07-7560-45fc-98f4-95ade75ba218.uagb-timeline__outer-wrap .uagb-timeline__day-right .uagb-timeline__arrow:after{border-left-color: #f4f1ed;border-right-color: #f4f1ed;}.uagb-block-84742e07-7560-45fc-98f4-95ade75ba218.uagb-timeline__outer-wrap .uagb-timeline__center-block .uagb-timeline__day-right .uagb-timeline__arrow:after{border-left-color: #f4f1ed;}.uagb-block-84742e07-7560-45fc-98f4-95ade75ba218.uagb-timeline__outer-wrap .uagb-timeline__right-block .uagb-timeline__day-right .uagb-timeline__arrow:after{border-left-color: #f4f1ed;}.uagb-block-84742e07-7560-45fc-98f4-95ade75ba218.uagb-timeline__outer-wrap .uagb-timeline__right-block .uagb-timeline__day-left .uagb-timeline__arrow:after{border-left-color: #f4f1ed;}.uagb-block-84742e07-7560-45fc-98f4-95ade75ba218.uagb-timeline__outer-wrap .uagb-timeline__center-block .uagb-timeline__day-left .uagb-timeline__arrow:after{border-right-color: #f4f1ed;}.uagb-block-84742e07-7560-45fc-98f4-95ade75ba218.uagb-timeline__outer-wrap .uagb-timeline__left-block .uagb-timeline__day-left .uagb-timeline__arrow:after{border-right-color: #f4f1ed;}.uagb-block-84742e07-7560-45fc-98f4-95ade75ba218.uagb-timeline__outer-wrap.uagb-timeline__center-block .uagb-timeline__day-right .uagb-timeline__arrow:after{border-left-color: #f4f1ed;}.uagb-block-84742e07-7560-45fc-98f4-95ade75ba218.uagb-timeline__outer-wrap.uagb-timeline__right-block .uagb-timeline__day-right .uagb-timeline__arrow:after{border-left-color: #f4f1ed;}.uagb-block-84742e07-7560-45fc-98f4-95ade75ba218.uagb-timeline__outer-wrap.uagb-timeline__right-block .uagb-timeline__day-left .uagb-timeline__arrow:after{border-left-color: #f4f1ed;}.uagb-block-84742e07-7560-45fc-98f4-95ade75ba218.uagb-timeline__outer-wrap.uagb-timeline__center-block .uagb-timeline__day-left .uagb-timeline__arrow:after{border-right-color: #f4f1ed;}.uagb-block-84742e07-7560-45fc-98f4-95ade75ba218.uagb-timeline__outer-wrap.uagb-timeline__left-block .uagb-timeline__day-left .uagb-timeline__arrow:after{border-right-color: #f4f1ed;}.uagb-block-84742e07-7560-45fc-98f4-95ade75ba218.uagb-timeline__outer-wrap .uagb-timeline__line__inner{background-color: #cab9a4;}.uagb-block-84742e07-7560-45fc-98f4-95ade75ba218.uagb-timeline__outer-wrap .uagb-timeline__line{background-color: #193550;width: 3px;}.uagb-block-84742e07-7560-45fc-98f4-95ade75ba218.uagb-timeline__outer-wrap.uagb-timeline__right-block .uagb-timeline__line{right: calc( 35px / 2 );}.uagb-block-84742e07-7560-45fc-98f4-95ade75ba218.uagb-timeline__outer-wrap.uagb-timeline__left-block .uagb-timeline__line{left: calc( 35px / 2 );}.uagb-block-84742e07-7560-45fc-98f4-95ade75ba218.uagb-timeline__outer-wrap.uagb-timeline__center-block .uagb-timeline__line{right: calc( 35px / 2 );}.uagb-block-84742e07-7560-45fc-98f4-95ade75ba218.uagb-timeline__outer-wrap .uagb-timeline__marker{background-color: #193550;min-height: 35px;min-width: 35px;line-height: 35px;border: 0px solid #cab9a4;}.uagb-block-84742e07-7560-45fc-98f4-95ade75ba218.uagb-timeline__outer-wrap.uagb-timeline__left-block .uagb-timeline__left .uagb-timeline__arrow{height: 35px;}.uagb-block-84742e07-7560-45fc-98f4-95ade75ba218.uagb-timeline__outer-wrap.uagb-timeline__right-block .uagb-timeline__right .uagb-timeline__arrow{height: 35px;}.uagb-block-84742e07-7560-45fc-98f4-95ade75ba218.uagb-timeline__outer-wrap.uagb-timeline__center-block .uagb-timeline__left .uagb-timeline__arrow{height: 35px;}.uagb-block-84742e07-7560-45fc-98f4-95ade75ba218.uagb-timeline__outer-wrap.uagb-timeline__center-block .uagb-timeline__right .uagb-timeline__arrow{height: 35px;}.uagb-block-84742e07-7560-45fc-98f4-95ade75ba218.uagb-timeline__outer-wrap.uagb-timeline__center-block .uagb-timeline__left .uagb-timeline__marker{margin-left: 12px;margin-right: 12px;}.uagb-block-84742e07-7560-45fc-98f4-95ade75ba218.uagb-timeline__outer-wrap.uagb-timeline__center-block .uagb-timeline__right .uagb-timeline__marker{margin-left: 12px;margin-right: 12px;}.uagb-block-84742e07-7560-45fc-98f4-95ade75ba218.uagb-timeline__outer-wrap .uagb-timeline__field:not(:last-child){margin-bottom: 10px;}.uagb-block-84742e07-7560-45fc-98f4-95ade75ba218.uagb-timeline__outer-wrap .uagb-timeline__date-hide.uagb-timeline__date-inner{margin-bottom: 5px;color: #333;}.uagb-block-84742e07-7560-45fc-98f4-95ade75ba218.uagb-timeline__outer-wrap .uagb-timeline__date-hide.uagb-timeline__inner-date-new{margin-bottom: 5px;color: #333;}.uagb-block-84742e07-7560-45fc-98f4-95ade75ba218.uagb-timeline__outer-wrap.uagb-timeline__right-block .uagb-timeline__day-new.uagb-timeline__day-left{margin-right: 12px;}.uagb-block-84742e07-7560-45fc-98f4-95ade75ba218.uagb-timeline__outer-wrap.uagb-timeline__left-block .uagb-timeline__day-new.uagb-timeline__day-left{margin-left: 12px;}.uagb-block-84742e07-7560-45fc-98f4-95ade75ba218.uagb-timeline__outer-wrap.uagb-timeline__left-block .uagb-timeline__day-new.uagb-timeline__day-right{margin-left: 12px;}.uagb-block-84742e07-7560-45fc-98f4-95ade75ba218.uagb-timeline__outer-wrap.uagb-timeline__right-block .uagb-timeline__day-new.uagb-timeline__day-right{margin-right: 12px;}.uagb-block-84742e07-7560-45fc-98f4-95ade75ba218.uagb-timeline__outer-wrap .uagb-timeline__date-new{font-size: 12px;color: #333;}.uagb-block-84742e07-7560-45fc-98f4-95ade75ba218.uagb-timeline__outer-wrap.uagb-timeline__right-block .uagb-timeline__date-hide.uagb-timeline__date-inner{font-size: 12px;}.uagb-block-84742e07-7560-45fc-98f4-95ade75ba218.uagb-timeline__outer-wrap.uagb-timeline__left-block .uagb-timeline__date-hide.uagb-timeline__date-inner{font-size: 12px;}.uagb-block-84742e07-7560-45fc-98f4-95ade75ba218.uagb-timeline__outer-wrap .uagb-events-new .uagb-timeline__events-inner-new{padding: 22px;}.uagb-block-84742e07-7560-45fc-98f4-95ade75ba218.uagb-timeline__outer-wrap .uagb-timeline__events-inner-new{background-color: #f4f1ed;border-radius: 6px;}.uagb-block-84742e07-7560-45fc-98f4-95ade75ba218.uagb-timeline__outer-wrap .uagb-timeline__marker svg{color: #193550;width: 0px;fill: #193550;}.uagb-block-84742e07-7560-45fc-98f4-95ade75ba218.uagb-timeline__outer-wrap .uagb-timeline__marker.uagb-timeline__in-view-icon{background: #cab9a4;border-color: #cab9a4;}@media only screen and (max-width: 976px) {.uagb-block-84742e07-7560-45fc-98f4-95ade75ba218.uagb-timeline__outer-wrap.uagb-timeline__center-block .uagb-timeline__day-right .uagb-timeline__arrow:after{border-right-color: #f4f1ed;}.uagb-block-84742e07-7560-45fc-98f4-95ade75ba218.uagb-timeline__outer-wrap .uagb-timeline__marker{background-color: #193550;border: 0px solid #cab9a4;}}@media only screen and (max-width: 767px) {.uagb-block-84742e07-7560-45fc-98f4-95ade75ba218.uagb-timeline__outer-wrap.uagb-timeline__center-block .uagb-timeline__day-right .uagb-timeline__arrow:after{border-right-color: #f4f1ed;}.uagb-block-84742e07-7560-45fc-98f4-95ade75ba218.uagb-timeline__outer-wrap .uagb-timeline__marker{background-color: #193550;border: 0px solid #cab9a4;}}</style><link rel="icon" href="https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/roman-empire-favicon.png" sizes="32x32" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/roman-empire-favicon.png" sizes="192x192" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/roman-empire-favicon.png" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/roman-empire-favicon.png" /> <style id="wp-custom-css"> /* GeneratePress Site CSS */ /* mobile header spacing */ .mobile-header-navigation { padding: 10px; box-sizing: border-box; } /* navigation phone button */ .main-navigation:not(.slideout-navigation) .main-nav li.nav-button a { border: 2px solid var(--accent); line-height: 38px; padding: 0px 16px; margin-top: 6px; margin-left: 24px; } /* button lift on hover */ .button, .button-effect, .main-navigation:not(.slideout-navigation) .main-nav li.nav-button a, .comment-form input[type="submit"] { -webkit-transition: all 500ms ease-in-out !important; transition: all 400ms ease-in-out !important; } .button:hover, .button-effect:hover, .main-navigation:not(.slideout-navigation) .main-nav li.nav-button a:hover, .comment-form input[type="submit"]:hover{ -webkit-transform: translate3d(0, -4px, 0); transform: translate3d(0, -4px, 0); } /* post comment form button styling */ .comment-form input[type="submit"] { margin-top:20px; } /* container drop shadows */ .object-shadow { box-shadow: 0px 0px 10px rgba(20, 20, 20, 0.1); } /* photo solid drop shadow */ .photo-shadow img { box-shadow: 10px 10px 0px #e2e2e2; } /* underline widget titles */ .sidebar .widget-title, .footer-widgets .widget-title { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--accent); line-height: 1.6em; display: inline-block; } /* End GeneratePress Site CSS */ .site-header .header-image{ display: flex; } @media only screen and (max-width: 600px) { .site-header .header-image { width: 100%; } } @media only screen and (max-width: 440px) { .site-logo { width: 100%; max-width: 225px; height: auto; } .inside-header { padding-top: 0; } } @media only screen and (max-width: 375px) { .menu-toggle { padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; } .site-logo { width: 100%; max-width: 200px; height: auto; } } /* Mediavine CSS */ @media only screen and (min-width: 1200px) { .right-sidebar #primary{ max-width: calc(100% - 300px); } .right-sidebar #right-sidebar { min-width: 300px; } } @media only screen and (max-width: 359px) { .single-post #content { padding-left: 10px !important; padding-right:10px !important; } }/* Mediavine CSS Ends */ .wp-block-buttons { margin-bottom: 20px; /* Adjust as needed */ } </style> <noscript><style id="rocket-lazyload-nojs-css">.rll-youtube-player, [data-lazy-src]{display:none !important;}</style></noscript><style id="wpr-lazyload-bg"></style><style id="wpr-lazyload-bg-exclusion"></style> <noscript> <style id="wpr-lazyload-bg-nostyle">:root{--wpr-bg-e64b093b-010c-40dd-a063-244455cf91e4: url('../../../../../../../../../../../../../plugins/convertkit/resources/frontend/images/spinner.gif');}:root{--wpr-bg-1c4a94dd-8b49-4bca-85f1-cb959ce714dc: url('../../../../../../../../../../../plugins/ultimate-social-media-icons/images/count_bg.png');}:root{--wpr-bg-de1c4a35-4793-442a-b61e-d52e4c755b71: url('../../../../../../../../../../../plugins/ultimate-social-media-icons/images/check_bg.jpg');}:root{--wpr-bg-390bb4e8-df3e-4471-b5f4-370070dd5774: url('../../../../../../../../../../../plugins/ultimate-social-media-icons/images/radio_bg.png');}:root{--wpr-bg-b7ffb081-18b7-4e37-9572-139acbfd1fcf: url('../../../../../../../../../../../plugins/ultimate-social-media-icons/images/select_bg.jpg');}:root{--wpr-bg-e8454374-f92b-4f51-abb1-f5cd0d70a930: url('../../../../../../../../../../../plugins/ultimate-social-media-icons/images/count_bg.jpg');}:root{--wpr-bg-c3b36880-338b-4d45-9cc8-0ed7fdc835c2: url('../../../../../../../../../../../plugins/ultimate-social-media-icons/images/select_bg1.jpg');}:root{--wpr-bg-a7610a1a-0a40-4120-813a-012974fded9a: url('../../../../../../../../../../../plugins/ultimate-social-media-icons/images/tab_3_list_bg.jpg');}:root{--wpr-bg-574523a2-2d52-4a21-aef9-f29e33a764ad: url('../../../../../../../../../../../plugins/ultimate-social-media-icons/images/tab_3_list_bg.jpg');}:root{--wpr-bg-0c66e82e-f12b-4bca-84de-52e0965c91dd: url('../../../../../../../../../../../plugins/ultimate-social-media-icons/images/ajax-loader.gif');}:root{--wpr-bg-a1520d65-eccc-456b-aa7e-ca9c377090b3: url('../../../../../../../../../../../plugins/ultimate-social-media-icons/images/bot_tip_icn.png');}:root{--wpr-bg-66c3fe74-c87c-4b3d-ac1e-a612a780e637: url('../../../../../../../../../../../plugins/ultimate-social-media-icons/images/count_bg.png');}:root{--wpr-bg-47517d31-1175-4196-ad9c-a4252c612b56: url('../../../../../../../../../../../plugins/ultimate-social-media-icons/css/images/count_left_arow.png');}:root{--wpr-bg-af68c4b8-1b36-427a-ba56-c4c7a55ff86d: url('../../../../../../../../../../../plugins/ultimate-social-media-icons/css/images/count_left_arow.png');}:root{--wpr-bg-c017142d-b1d5-4533-9458-21713ce11060: url('https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/roman-forum-bg.jpg');}:root{--wpr-bg-adff76a8-ca51-433a-a509-a86c177f9540: url('https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/roman-mosaic-floor.jpg');}:root{--wpr-bg-79afe569-9eaa-4e92-9fb7-15eaa46444a4: url('https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Pantheon-bg.jpg');}</style> </noscript> <script type="application/javascript">const rocket_pairs = [{"selector":".convertkit-broadcasts.convertkit-broadcasts-loading,.editor-styles-wrapper .convertkit-broadcasts.convertkit-broadcasts-loading","style":":root{--wpr-bg-e64b093b-010c-40dd-a063-244455cf91e4: url('..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/plugins\/convertkit\/resources\/frontend\/images\/spinner.gif');}","hash":"e64b093b-010c-40dd-a063-244455cf91e4"},{"selector":".tab4 ul.like_icon li span","style":":root{--wpr-bg-1c4a94dd-8b49-4bca-85f1-cb959ce714dc: url('..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/plugins\/ultimate-social-media-icons\/images\/count_bg.png');}","hash":"1c4a94dd-8b49-4bca-85f1-cb959ce714dc"},{"selector":".sfsi_mainContainer .checkbox","style":":root{--wpr-bg-de1c4a35-4793-442a-b61e-d52e4c755b71: url('..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/plugins\/ultimate-social-media-icons\/images\/check_bg.jpg');}","hash":"de1c4a35-4793-442a-b61e-d52e4c755b71"},{"selector":".sfsi_mainContainer .radio","style":":root{--wpr-bg-390bb4e8-df3e-4471-b5f4-370070dd5774: url('..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/plugins\/ultimate-social-media-icons\/images\/radio_bg.png');}","hash":"390bb4e8-df3e-4471-b5f4-370070dd5774"},{"selector":".sfsi_mainContainer .select","style":":root{--wpr-bg-b7ffb081-18b7-4e37-9572-139acbfd1fcf: url('..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/plugins\/ultimate-social-media-icons\/images\/select_bg.jpg');}","hash":"b7ffb081-18b7-4e37-9572-139acbfd1fcf"},{"selector":".specify_counts .social_icon_like li span","style":":root{--wpr-bg-e8454374-f92b-4f51-abb1-f5cd0d70a930: url('..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/plugins\/ultimate-social-media-icons\/images\/count_bg.jpg');}","hash":"e8454374-f92b-4f51-abb1-f5cd0d70a930"},{"selector":".sticking .field .select","style":":root{--wpr-bg-c3b36880-338b-4d45-9cc8-0ed7fdc835c2: url('..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/plugins\/ultimate-social-media-icons\/images\/select_bg1.jpg');}","hash":"c3b36880-338b-4d45-9cc8-0ed7fdc835c2"},{"selector":"ul.tab_3_list li","style":":root{--wpr-bg-a7610a1a-0a40-4120-813a-012974fded9a: url('..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/plugins\/ultimate-social-media-icons\/images\/tab_3_list_bg.jpg');}","hash":"a7610a1a-0a40-4120-813a-012974fded9a"},{"selector":".tab5 ul.tab_3_list li","style":":root{--wpr-bg-574523a2-2d52-4a21-aef9-f29e33a764ad: url('..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/plugins\/ultimate-social-media-icons\/images\/tab_3_list_bg.jpg');}","hash":"574523a2-2d52-4a21-aef9-f29e33a764ad"},{"selector":"#sfpageLoad","style":":root{--wpr-bg-0c66e82e-f12b-4bca-84de-52e0965c91dd: url('..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/plugins\/ultimate-social-media-icons\/images\/ajax-loader.gif');}","hash":"0c66e82e-f12b-4bca-84de-52e0965c91dd"},{"selector":".sfsi_tool_tip_2 .bot_arow","style":":root{--wpr-bg-a1520d65-eccc-456b-aa7e-ca9c377090b3: url('..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/plugins\/ultimate-social-media-icons\/images\/bot_tip_icn.png');}","hash":"a1520d65-eccc-456b-aa7e-ca9c377090b3"},{"selector":".tab7 .like_pop_box .sfsi_Popinner ul li span","style":":root{--wpr-bg-66c3fe74-c87c-4b3d-ac1e-a612a780e637: url('..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/plugins\/ultimate-social-media-icons\/images\/count_bg.png');}","hash":"66c3fe74-c87c-4b3d-ac1e-a612a780e637"},{"selector":".sfsi_Sicons:not(.sfsi_Sicons_position_right) .sf_subscrbe .bot_no","style":":root{--wpr-bg-47517d31-1175-4196-ad9c-a4252c612b56: url('..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/plugins\/ultimate-social-media-icons\/css\/images\/count_left_arow.png');}","hash":"47517d31-1175-4196-ad9c-a4252c612b56"},{"selector":".sf_subscrbe .bot_no,.sf_fb .bot_no,.sf_fb_share .bot_no,.sf_twiter .bot_no,.sf_pinit .bot_no,.sf_linkedin .bot_no","style":":root{--wpr-bg-af68c4b8-1b36-427a-ba56-c4c7a55ff86d: url('..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/plugins\/ultimate-social-media-icons\/css\/images\/count_left_arow.png');}","hash":"af68c4b8-1b36-427a-ba56-c4c7a55ff86d"},{"selector":".gb-container-b58db5b2","style":":root{--wpr-bg-c017142d-b1d5-4533-9458-21713ce11060: url('https:\/\/roman-empire.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/roman-forum-bg.jpg');}","hash":"c017142d-b1d5-4533-9458-21713ce11060"},{"selector":".gb-container-1a100958","style":":root{--wpr-bg-adff76a8-ca51-433a-a509-a86c177f9540: url('https:\/\/roman-empire.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/roman-mosaic-floor.jpg');}","hash":"adff76a8-ca51-433a-a509-a86c177f9540"},{"selector":".gb-container-0e55c57e","style":":root{--wpr-bg-79afe569-9eaa-4e92-9fb7-15eaa46444a4: url('https:\/\/roman-empire.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Pantheon-bg.jpg');}","hash":"79afe569-9eaa-4e92-9fb7-15eaa46444a4"}]; const rocket_excluded_pairs = [];</script></head> <body class="home page-template-default page page-id-2070 wp-custom-logo wp-embed-responsive post-image-aligned-center slideout-enabled slideout-mobile sticky-menu-fade no-sidebar nav-float-right one-container nav-search-enabled header-aligned-left dropdown-hover full-width-content elementor-default elementor-kit-11691 grow-content-body" itemtype="https://schema.org/WebPage" itemscope> <div class="header-wrap"><a class="screen-reader-text skip-link" href="#content" title="Skip to content">Skip to content</a> <header class="site-header grid-container has-inline-mobile-toggle" id="masthead" aria-label="Site" itemtype="https://schema.org/WPHeader" itemscope> <div class="inside-header grid-container"> <div class="site-logo"> <a href="https://roman-empire.net/" rel="home"> <img fetchpriority="high" class="header-image is-logo-image" alt="The Roman Empire" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%201000%20113'%3E%3C/svg%3E" width="1000" height="113" data-lazy-src="https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/the-roman-empire-logo.png" /><noscript><img fetchpriority="high" class="header-image is-logo-image" alt="The Roman Empire" src="https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/the-roman-empire-logo.png" width="1000" height="113" /></noscript> </a> </div> <nav class="main-navigation mobile-menu-control-wrapper" id="mobile-menu-control-wrapper" aria-label="Mobile Toggle"> <div class="menu-bar-items"><span class="menu-bar-item search-item"><a aria-label="Open Search Bar" href="#"><span class="gp-icon icon-search"><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M208 48c-88.366 0-160 71.634-160 160s71.634 160 160 160 160-71.634 160-160S296.366 48 208 48zM0 208C0 93.125 93.125 0 208 0s208 93.125 208 208c0 48.741-16.765 93.566-44.843 129.024l133.826 134.018c9.366 9.379 9.355 24.575-.025 33.941-9.379 9.366-24.575 9.355-33.941-.025L337.238 370.987C301.747 399.167 256.839 416 208 416 93.125 416 0 322.875 0 208z" /></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M71.029 71.029c9.373-9.372 24.569-9.372 33.942 0L256 222.059l151.029-151.03c9.373-9.372 24.569-9.372 33.942 0 9.372 9.373 9.372 24.569 0 33.942L289.941 256l151.03 151.029c9.372 9.373 9.372 24.569 0 33.942-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0L256 289.941l-151.029 151.03c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0-9.372-9.373-9.372-24.569 0-33.942L222.059 256 71.029 104.971c-9.372-9.373-9.372-24.569 0-33.942z" /></svg></span></a></span></div> <button data-nav="site-navigation" class="menu-toggle" aria-controls="primary-menu" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="gp-icon icon-menu-bars"><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M0 96c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24h464c13.255 0 24 10.745 24 24s-10.745 24-24 24H24c-13.255 0-24-10.745-24-24zm0 160c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24h464c13.255 0 24 10.745 24 24s-10.745 24-24 24H24c-13.255 0-24-10.745-24-24zm0 160c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24h464c13.255 0 24 10.745 24 24s-10.745 24-24 24H24c-13.255 0-24-10.745-24-24z" /></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M71.029 71.029c9.373-9.372 24.569-9.372 33.942 0L256 222.059l151.029-151.03c9.373-9.372 24.569-9.372 33.942 0 9.372 9.373 9.372 24.569 0 33.942L289.941 256l151.03 151.029c9.372 9.373 9.372 24.569 0 33.942-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0L256 289.941l-151.029 151.03c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0-9.372-9.373-9.372-24.569 0-33.942L222.059 256 71.029 104.971c-9.372-9.373-9.372-24.569 0-33.942z" /></svg></span><span class="screen-reader-text">Menu</span> </button> </nav> <nav class="main-navigation has-menu-bar-items sub-menu-left" id="site-navigation" aria-label="Primary" itemtype="https://schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" itemscope> <div class="inside-navigation grid-container"> <form method="get" class="search-form navigation-search" action="https://roman-empire.net/"> <input type="search" class="search-field" value="" name="s" title="Search" /> </form> <button class="menu-toggle" aria-controls="primary-menu" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="gp-icon icon-menu-bars"><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M0 96c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24h464c13.255 0 24 10.745 24 24s-10.745 24-24 24H24c-13.255 0-24-10.745-24-24zm0 160c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24h464c13.255 0 24 10.745 24 24s-10.745 24-24 24H24c-13.255 0-24-10.745-24-24zm0 160c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24h464c13.255 0 24 10.745 24 24s-10.745 24-24 24H24c-13.255 0-24-10.745-24-24z" /></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M71.029 71.029c9.373-9.372 24.569-9.372 33.942 0L256 222.059l151.029-151.03c9.373-9.372 24.569-9.372 33.942 0 9.372 9.373 9.372 24.569 0 33.942L289.941 256l151.03 151.029c9.372 9.373 9.372 24.569 0 33.942-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0L256 289.941l-151.029 151.03c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0-9.372-9.373-9.372-24.569 0-33.942L222.059 256 71.029 104.971c-9.372-9.373-9.372-24.569 0-33.942z" /></svg></span><span class="screen-reader-text">Menu</span> </button> <div id="primary-menu" class="main-nav"><ul id="menu-menu" class=" menu sf-menu"><li id="menu-item-11745" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-11745"><a href="https://roman-empire.net/become-a-member">Become a member<span role="presentation" class="dropdown-menu-toggle"><span class="gp-icon icon-arrow"><svg viewBox="0 0 330 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M305.913 197.085c0 2.266-1.133 4.815-2.833 6.514L171.087 335.593c-1.7 1.7-4.249 2.832-6.515 2.832s-4.815-1.133-6.515-2.832L26.064 203.599c-1.7-1.7-2.832-4.248-2.832-6.514s1.132-4.816 2.832-6.515l14.162-14.163c1.7-1.699 3.966-2.832 6.515-2.832 2.266 0 4.815 1.133 6.515 2.832l111.316 111.317 111.316-111.317c1.7-1.699 4.249-2.832 6.515-2.832s4.815 1.133 6.515 2.832l14.162 14.163c1.7 1.7 2.833 4.249 2.833 6.515z" /></svg></span></span></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-11746" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-11746"><a href="https://roman-empire.net/login">Login</a></li> <li id="menu-item-11747" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-11747"><a href="https://roman-empire.net/account">Account</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-4212" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-home current-menu-item page_item page-item-2070 current_page_item menu-item-4212"><a href="https://roman-empire.net/" aria-current="page">Home</a></li> <li id="menu-item-4104" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-4104"><a>Periods<span role="presentation" class="dropdown-menu-toggle"><span class="gp-icon icon-arrow"><svg viewBox="0 0 330 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M305.913 197.085c0 2.266-1.133 4.815-2.833 6.514L171.087 335.593c-1.7 1.7-4.249 2.832-6.515 2.832s-4.815-1.133-6.515-2.832L26.064 203.599c-1.7-1.7-2.832-4.248-2.832-6.514s1.132-4.816 2.832-6.515l14.162-14.163c1.7-1.699 3.966-2.832 6.515-2.832 2.266 0 4.815 1.133 6.515 2.832l111.316 111.317 111.316-111.317c1.7-1.699 4.249-2.832 6.515-2.832s4.815 1.133 6.515 2.832l14.162 14.163c1.7 1.7 2.833 4.249 2.833 6.515z" /></svg></span></span></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-4111" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-4111"><a href="https://roman-empire.net/founding">The Founding</a></li> <li id="menu-item-4117" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-4117"><a href="https://roman-empire.net/kings">The Kings</a></li> <li id="menu-item-4314" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-4314"><a href="https://roman-empire.net/republic">The Republic</a></li> <li id="menu-item-4110" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-4110"><a href="https://roman-empire.net/emperors">The Early Emperors</a></li> <li id="menu-item-4112" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-4112"><a href="https://roman-empire.net/highpoint">The High Point</a></li> <li id="menu-item-4109" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-4109"><a href="https://roman-empire.net/decline">The Decline</a></li> <li id="menu-item-4108" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-4108"><a href="https://roman-empire.net/collapse">The Collapse</a></li> <li id="menu-item-4105" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-4105"><a href="https://roman-empire.net/constantinople">Constantinople</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-4123" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-4123"><a href="#">Topics<span role="presentation" class="dropdown-menu-toggle"><span class="gp-icon icon-arrow"><svg viewBox="0 0 330 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M305.913 197.085c0 2.266-1.133 4.815-2.833 6.514L171.087 335.593c-1.7 1.7-4.249 2.832-6.515 2.832s-4.815-1.133-6.515-2.832L26.064 203.599c-1.7-1.7-2.832-4.248-2.832-6.514s1.132-4.816 2.832-6.515l14.162-14.163c1.7-1.699 3.966-2.832 6.515-2.832 2.266 0 4.815 1.133 6.515 2.832l111.316 111.317 111.316-111.317c1.7-1.699 4.249-2.832 6.515-2.832s4.815 1.133 6.515 2.832l14.162 14.163c1.7 1.7 2.833 4.249 2.833 6.515z" /></svg></span></span></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-5778" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-5778"><a href="https://roman-empire.net/architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li id="menu-item-4116" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-4116"><a href="https://roman-empire.net/army">Army & Battles</a></li> <li id="menu-item-5388" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-5388"><a href="https://roman-empire.net/maps">Maps</a></li> <li id="menu-item-4193" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-4193"><a href="https://roman-empire.net/people">People</a></li> <li id="menu-item-4320" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-4320"><a href="https://roman-empire.net/places">Places</a></li> <li id="menu-item-4106" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-4106"><a href="https://roman-empire.net/religion">Religion</a></li> <li id="menu-item-4107" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-4107"><a href="https://roman-empire.net/society">Society & Life</a></li> <li id="menu-item-4192" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-4192"><a href="https://roman-empire.net/faq">FAQ</a></li> <li id="menu-item-5557" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-5557"><a href="https://roman-empire.net/pop-culture">Pop Culture</a></li> <li id="menu-item-9162" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-9162"><a href="https://roman-empire.net/discoveries">Discoveries</a></li> <li id="menu-item-10834" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-10834"><a href="https://roman-empire.net/travel">Travel</a></li> <li id="menu-item-12135" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-12135"><a href="https://roman-empire.net/games">Games</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-2090" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2090"><a href="https://roman-empire.net/articles">All</a></li> </ul></div><div class="menu-bar-items"><span class="menu-bar-item search-item"><a aria-label="Open Search Bar" href="#"><span class="gp-icon icon-search"><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M208 48c-88.366 0-160 71.634-160 160s71.634 160 160 160 160-71.634 160-160S296.366 48 208 48zM0 208C0 93.125 93.125 0 208 0s208 93.125 208 208c0 48.741-16.765 93.566-44.843 129.024l133.826 134.018c9.366 9.379 9.355 24.575-.025 33.941-9.379 9.366-24.575 9.355-33.941-.025L337.238 370.987C301.747 399.167 256.839 416 208 416 93.125 416 0 322.875 0 208z" /></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M71.029 71.029c9.373-9.372 24.569-9.372 33.942 0L256 222.059l151.029-151.03c9.373-9.372 24.569-9.372 33.942 0 9.372 9.373 9.372 24.569 0 33.942L289.941 256l151.03 151.029c9.372 9.373 9.372 24.569 0 33.942-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0L256 289.941l-151.029 151.03c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0-9.372-9.373-9.372-24.569 0-33.942L222.059 256 71.029 104.971c-9.372-9.373-9.372-24.569 0-33.942z" /></svg></span></a></span></div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div><div class="page-hero"> <div class="inside-page-hero grid-container grid-parent">  </div> </div> <div class="site grid-container container hfeed" id="page"> <div class="site-content" id="content"> <div class="content-area" id="primary"> <main class="site-main" id="main"> <article id="post-2070" class="post-2070 page type-page status-publish has-post-thumbnail mv-content-wrapper grow-content-main" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork" itemscope> <div class="inside-article"> <div class="entry-content" itemprop="text"> <div class="gb-container gb-container-b58db5b2"><div class="gb-inside-container"> <div class="gb-grid-wrapper gb-grid-wrapper-c975e5bf"> <div class="gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-3297b356"><div class="gb-container gb-container-3297b356"><div class="gb-inside-container"> <div style="height:30px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div> </div></div></div> </div> </div></div> <div class="gb-container gb-container-327d855e home-intro"><div class="gb-inside-container"> <div class="gb-grid-wrapper gb-grid-wrapper-94f17f7b"> <div class="gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-2e115cdf"><div class="gb-container gb-container-2e115cdf"><div class="gb-inside-container"> <div class="gb-headline gb-headline-036e17c9 gb-headline-text intro-history">An Illustrated History of</div> <h1 class="gb-headline gb-headline-dffa6ec9 gb-headline-text intro-roman">The Roman Empire</h1> <div class="gb-container gb-container-5113b448"> <div class="gb-container gb-container-56affbbc"> <div class="gb-container gb-container-0049c9e9"> <div class="wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-1 wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex"> <div class="wp-block-button"><a class="wp-block-button__link wp-element-button" href="/founding/the-founding-of-rome/">Get Started</a></div> </div> <div class="wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-2 wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex"></div> <div class="wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex"> <div class="wp-block-button"><a class="wp-block-button__link wp-element-button" href="https://roman-empire.net/become-a-member">JOIN THE EMPIRE</a></div> </div> <div class="gb-container gb-container-3bbb9af9"> <div class="gb-container gb-container-1d78d30a"> <div class="wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-space-between is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-4 wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div></div> <div class="gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-6c7aea62"><div class="gb-container gb-container-6c7aea62"><div class="gb-inside-container"> <div class="wp-block-image home-caesar"> <figure class="aligncenter size-full is-resized uag-hide-mob"><img decoding="async" width="400" height="832" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20400%20832'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="Statue of Julius Caesar" class="wp-image-4076" style="object-fit:cover;width:400px;height:832px" title="Home 1" data-lazy-srcset="https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/julius-caesar-statue.png 400w, https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/julius-caesar-statue-144x300.png 144w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px" data-lazy-src="https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/julius-caesar-statue.png" /><noscript><img decoding="async" width="400" height="832" src="https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/julius-caesar-statue.png" alt="Statue of Julius Caesar" class="wp-image-4076" style="object-fit:cover;width:400px;height:832px" title="Home 1" srcset="https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/julius-caesar-statue.png 400w, https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/julius-caesar-statue-144x300.png 144w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px" /></noscript></figure></div> <div class="wp-block-image home-caesar"> <figure class="aligncenter size-full is-resized uag-hide-desktop uag-hide-tab"><img decoding="async" width="400" height="832" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20400%20832'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="Statue of Julius Caesar" class="wp-image-4076" style="object-fit:cover;width:200px;height:412px" title="Home 2" data-lazy-srcset="https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/julius-caesar-statue.png 400w, https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/julius-caesar-statue-144x300.png 144w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px" data-lazy-src="https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/julius-caesar-statue.png" /><noscript><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="400" height="832" src="https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/julius-caesar-statue.png" alt="Statue of Julius Caesar" class="wp-image-4076" style="object-fit:cover;width:200px;height:412px" title="Home 2" srcset="https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/julius-caesar-statue.png 400w, https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/julius-caesar-statue-144x300.png 144w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px" /></noscript></figure></div> </div></div></div> </div> </div></div> <div class="gb-container gb-container-f4d0eb23"><div class="gb-inside-container"> <div class="gb-grid-wrapper gb-grid-wrapper-c700fd1c"> <div class="gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-67369fe1"><div class="gb-container gb-container-67369fe1"><div class="gb-inside-container"> <h2 class="gb-headline gb-headline-0b2a8457 gb-headline-text">The story of the Roman Empire is one of culture & conquest whose legacy is still felt to this day.</h2> <p>Lasting many centuries and spanning over 1.7 million square miles, the Roman Empire was the predominant power in the ancient Western world. At times, the Roman Empire brought stability and prosperity to its subjects. But eventually, it fell into crisis and turmoil before its inevitable demise. </p> <p>Join us on this journey as we explore this complex and fascinating time period of history. You may be surprised to find that the Roman Empire has had an impact on many facets of our modern life including politics, architecture, art, literature, language, and religion.</p> </div></div></div> <div class="gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-dab6a9d7"><div class="gb-container gb-container-dab6a9d7"><div class="gb-inside-container"></div></div></div> </div> </div></div> <div class="gb-container gb-container-1a100958"><div class="gb-inside-container"> <h2 class="gb-headline gb-headline-7fc2ee3f"><span class="gb-icon"><svg viewBox="0 0 80 77.55" xmlns="https://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M36.065 73.53a.77.77 0 01-.095-.006 33.943 33.943 0 01-21.306-11.103A33.938 33.938 0 016.012 39.76a33.842 33.842 0 015.704-18.857A34.025 34.025 0 0126.433 8.579a.795.795 0 11.636 1.46A32.433 32.433 0 0013.04 21.788 32.256 32.256 0 007.605 39.76a32.298 32.298 0 008.246 21.599 32.35 32.35 0 0020.307 10.583.796.796 0 01-.093 1.588z"></path><path d="M25.919 10.245a.795.795 0 01-.522-.195c-.087-.075-2.116-1.879-1.356-4.717.697-2.601 3.561-5.042 3.683-5.145a.798.798 0 011.263.338c.054.15 1.314 3.697.617 6.297-.76 2.837-3.42 3.385-3.532 3.407a.801.801 0 01-.153.015zm1.922-7.969c-.808.84-1.914 2.171-2.262 3.469-.357 1.331.212 2.321.583 2.794.56-.225 1.547-.799 1.903-2.128.23-.86.206-2.051-.07-3.445a15.771 15.771 0 00-.154-.69zM9.839 25.389a.783.783 0 01-.152-.015c-.113-.022-2.772-.569-3.532-3.407-.697-2.601.563-6.147.617-6.297a.794.794 0 011.263-.338c.122.103 2.986 2.544 3.683 5.145.76 2.837-1.269 4.641-1.356 4.717a.8.8 0 01-.523.195zm-1.922-7.968c-.28 1.131-.572 2.837-.224 4.135.356 1.328 1.342 1.902 1.902 2.128.373-.475.939-1.466.584-2.794-.348-1.299-1.453-2.63-2.262-3.469zM6.181 37.603c-.645 0-2.851-.172-4.126-2.381-1.346-2.331-1.047-6.083-1.034-6.242a.797.797 0 011.132-.654c.144.068 3.543 1.685 4.889 4.016 1.469 2.544-.025 4.811-.089 4.907a.796.796 0 01-.605.349c-.015.001-.074.005-.167.005zm-3.6-7.23c.022 1.165.182 2.889.854 4.052.683 1.183 1.767 1.488 2.388 1.562.237-.556.527-1.659-.16-2.849-.445-.771-1.305-1.596-2.486-2.387a18.86 18.86 0 00-.596-.378zM5.981 49.467a4.656 4.656 0 01-3.354-1.389C.723 46.174.041 42.473.013 42.316a.795.795 0 01.925-.925c.157.028 3.858.711 5.762 2.614 2.077 2.077 1.222 4.654 1.184 4.763a.801.801 0 01-.495.494 4.633 4.633 0 01-1.408.205zm-4.102-6.21c.323 1.12.923 2.744 1.874 3.695a3.05 3.05 0 002.228.923c.183 0 .347-.015.483-.034.085-.599.079-1.738-.892-2.709-.904-.904-2.499-1.527-3.693-1.875zM10.923 62.028a4.65 4.65 0 01-2.347-.641c-2.332-1.346-3.949-4.745-4.016-4.889a.797.797 0 01.654-1.132c.018-.002.44-.037 1.079-.037 1.51 0 3.631.186 5.163 1.07 2.544 1.469 2.384 4.179 2.376 4.294a.796.796 0 01-.349.605c-.112.074-1.125.73-2.56.73zm-4.317-5.103c.602.998 1.602 2.411 2.765 3.083a3.073 3.073 0 001.551.428c.542 0 1-.144 1.299-.27-.073-.6-.373-1.7-1.563-2.387-1.174-.678-2.933-.832-4.052-.854zM19.079 71.511c-.133 0-.269-.006-.405-.016-2.684-.216-5.603-2.592-5.726-2.693a.797.797 0 01.105-1.303c.123-.072 3.053-1.762 5.635-1.762.152 0 .302.006.447.017 2.928.235 3.947 2.752 3.989 2.859a.797.797 0 01-.056.696c-.053.089-1.332 2.202-3.989 2.202zm-4.097-3.202c.972.643 2.481 1.49 3.82 1.597.093.007.186.011.277.011 1.21 0 1.992-.668 2.365-1.09-.323-.511-1.066-1.376-2.436-1.486a4.114 4.114 0 00-.319-.012c-1.275 0-2.729.539-3.707.98zM28.403 77.55c-1.541 0-2.82-.25-2.874-.26a.795.795 0 01-.524-1.198c.083-.136 2.068-3.334 4.534-4.413a4.704 4.704 0 011.895-.405c1.731 0 2.922.996 2.972 1.038.187.159.29.395.28.64-.005.115-.147 2.826-2.838 4.004-.903.394-2.062.594-3.445.594zm-1.315-1.655c.388.036.839.063 1.315.063 1.146 0 2.116-.16 2.806-.462 1.26-.551 1.68-1.611 1.818-2.197a3.308 3.308 0 00-1.593-.433c-.421 0-.844.091-1.256.272-1.231.539-2.381 1.831-3.09 2.757zM16.797 16.213a.793.793 0 01-.349-.081c-.103-.05-2.53-1.268-2.53-4.205 0-2.692 2.135-5.792 2.226-5.923a.797.797 0 011.308 0c.091.131 2.226 3.231 2.226 5.923 0 2.937-2.427 4.155-2.53 4.205a.808.808 0 01-.351.081zm0-8.221c-.563 1.02-1.287 2.592-1.287 3.936 0 1.375.804 2.185 1.287 2.548.483-.363 1.287-1.173 1.287-2.548 0-1.344-.724-2.916-1.287-3.936z"></path><path d="M43.935 73.53a.797.797 0 01-.093-1.588 32.352 32.352 0 0020.307-10.583 32.298 32.298 0 008.246-21.599c0-6.432-1.88-12.646-5.435-17.972a32.433 32.433 0 00-14.029-11.749.797.797 0 01.636-1.46 34.025 34.025 0 0114.717 12.324 33.848 33.848 0 015.704 18.857 33.945 33.945 0 01-8.652 22.661A33.94 33.94 0 0144.03 73.524a.757.757 0 01-.095.006z"></path><path d="M54.081 10.245a.783.783 0 01-.152-.015c-.113-.022-2.772-.569-3.532-3.407-.697-2.601.563-6.147.617-6.297a.794.794 0 011.263-.338c.122.103 2.986 2.544 3.683 5.145.76 2.837-1.269 4.641-1.356 4.717a.805.805 0 01-.523.195zm-1.922-7.969c-.28 1.132-.572 2.837-.224 4.135.356 1.328 1.342 1.902 1.902 2.128.373-.475.939-1.466.583-2.794-.23-.86-.847-1.879-1.784-2.949a14.576 14.576 0 00-.477-.52zM70.161 25.389a.795.795 0 01-.522-.195c-.087-.075-2.116-1.879-1.356-4.717.697-2.601 3.561-5.042 3.683-5.145a.798.798 0 011.263.338c.054.15 1.314 3.696.617 6.297-.76 2.837-3.42 3.385-3.532 3.407a.793.793 0 01-.153.015zm1.922-7.969c-.808.84-1.914 2.171-2.262 3.469-.357 1.331.212 2.321.583 2.794.56-.225 1.547-.799 1.903-2.128.23-.86.206-2.051-.07-3.445a16.105 16.105 0 00-.154-.69zM73.819 37.603c-.093 0-.152-.004-.168-.005a.796.796 0 01-.605-.349c-.064-.095-1.558-2.363-.089-4.907 1.346-2.331 4.745-3.949 4.889-4.016a.797.797 0 011.132.654c.013.159.312 3.911-1.034 6.242-1.274 2.209-3.48 2.381-4.125 2.381zm3.601-7.229c-.998.602-2.411 1.602-3.083 2.765-.688 1.193-.396 2.296-.161 2.849.621-.074 1.706-.379 2.389-1.563.445-.771.73-1.928.824-3.346.017-.25.026-.488.031-.705zM74.019 49.467a4.633 4.633 0 01-1.408-.205.797.797 0 01-.494-.494c-.037-.109-.893-2.686 1.184-4.763 1.904-1.904 5.605-2.586 5.762-2.614a.796.796 0 01.925.925c-.028.157-.711 3.858-2.614 5.762a4.66 4.66 0 01-3.355 1.389zm-.484-1.626c.136.019.301.034.484.034.866 0 1.615-.311 2.228-.923.904-.904 1.526-2.5 1.875-3.693-1.12.323-2.744.923-3.695 1.874-.972.971-.977 2.112-.892 2.708zM69.078 62.028c-1.436 0-2.449-.655-2.56-.73a.796.796 0 01-.349-.605c-.008-.115-.167-2.825 2.376-4.294 1.532-.885 3.654-1.07 5.163-1.07.638 0 1.061.035 1.079.037a.797.797 0 01.654 1.132c-.068.144-1.685 3.543-4.016 4.889a4.65 4.65 0 01-2.347.641zm-1.3-1.864c.301.127.761.272 1.299.272.537 0 1.059-.144 1.551-.428.771-.445 1.596-1.305 2.387-2.486.14-.209.267-.41.379-.597-1.119.022-2.878.176-4.052.854-1.191.687-1.491 1.788-1.564 2.385zM60.921 71.511c-2.657 0-3.936-2.112-3.989-2.202a.797.797 0 01-.056-.696c.042-.107 1.061-2.624 3.989-2.859.145-.012.295-.017.447-.017 2.582 0 5.512 1.69 5.635 1.762a.796.796 0 01.105 1.303c-.123.101-3.042 2.477-5.726 2.693-.136.01-.272.016-.405.016zm-2.366-2.684c.373.422 1.155 1.09 2.366 1.091.091 0 .184-.004.277-.011.887-.071 2.001-.494 3.222-1.222.216-.128.416-.256.598-.376-.978-.441-2.432-.98-3.707-.98-.11 0-.217.004-.319.012-1.373.111-2.116.978-2.437 1.486zM51.597 77.55c-1.384 0-2.542-.2-3.445-.595-2.691-1.177-2.833-3.889-2.838-4.004a.797.797 0 01.28-.64c.05-.042 1.241-1.038 2.972-1.038.643 0 1.28.136 1.895.405 2.467 1.079 4.451 4.277 4.534 4.413a.8.8 0 01-.524 1.198 16.19 16.19 0 01-2.874.261zm-4.624-4.251c.139.589.56 1.647 1.818 2.197.69.302 1.661.462 2.806.462.477 0 .928-.027 1.315-.062-.709-.925-1.859-2.218-3.09-2.757a3.128 3.128 0 00-1.256-.272 3.297 3.297 0 00-1.593.432zM63.203 16.213a.793.793 0 01-.349-.081c-.103-.05-2.53-1.268-2.53-4.205 0-2.692 2.135-5.792 2.226-5.923a.797.797 0 011.308 0c.091.131 2.226 3.231 2.226 5.923 0 2.937-2.427 4.155-2.53 4.205a.805.805 0 01-.351.081zm0-8.221c-.563 1.02-1.287 2.592-1.287 3.936 0 1.375.804 2.185 1.287 2.548.483-.363 1.287-1.173 1.287-2.548 0-1.344-.723-2.916-1.287-3.936z"></path></svg></span><span class="gb-headline-text">Periods of the Roman Empire</span></h2> <div class="gb-grid-wrapper gb-grid-wrapper-3f020cb5"> <div class="gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-e2f9408b"><div class="gb-container gb-container-e2f9408b"><div class="gb-inside-container"> <h4 class="gb-headline gb-headline-68b0017a gb-headline-text"><a href="/founding/the-founding-of-rome/">The Founding</a></h4> <p class="gb-headline gb-headline-df391aca gb-headline-text">1200 – 625 BC</p> </div></div></div> <div class="gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-a4aeea7e"><div class="gb-container gb-container-a4aeea7e"><div class="gb-inside-container"> <h4 class="gb-headline gb-headline-8d10929c gb-headline-text"><a href="https://roman-empire.net/the-roman-kings/">The Kings</a></h4> <p class="gb-headline gb-headline-7a3ca1ab gb-headline-text">753 – 510 BC</p> </div></div></div> <div class="gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-d79f5842"><div class="gb-container gb-container-d79f5842"><div class="gb-inside-container"> <h4 class="gb-headline gb-headline-648afa68 gb-headline-text"><a href="/republic/early-republic/">Early Republic</a></h4> <p class="gb-headline gb-headline-b55111a9 gb-headline-text">510 – 124 BC</p> </div></div></div> </div> <div style="height:30px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div> <div class="gb-grid-wrapper gb-grid-wrapper-2074c09e"> <div class="gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-080930c9"><div class="gb-container gb-container-080930c9"><div class="gb-inside-container"> <h4 class="gb-headline gb-headline-3580a118 gb-headline-text"><a href="/republic/late-republic/">Late Republic</a></h4> <p class="gb-headline gb-headline-3bac2e9e gb-headline-text">123 – 23 BC</p> </div></div></div> <div class="gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-fe3601ea"><div class="gb-container gb-container-fe3601ea"><div class="gb-inside-container"> <h4 class="gb-headline gb-headline-63db2725 gb-headline-text"><a href="/emperors/the-early-roman-emperors/">Early Emperors</a></h4> <p class="gb-headline gb-headline-4f3990dc gb-headline-text">22 BC – AD 96</p> </div></div></div> <div class="gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-51a2f0a0"><div class="gb-container gb-container-51a2f0a0"><div class="gb-inside-container"> <h4 class="gb-headline gb-headline-bd30faa8 gb-headline-text"><a href="/highpoint/the-five-good-emperors/">The High Point</a></h4> <p class="gb-headline gb-headline-ac49d11f gb-headline-text">AD 96 – 192</p> </div></div></div> </div> <div style="height:30px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div> <div class="gb-grid-wrapper gb-grid-wrapper-dca7f325"> <div class="gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-7bcab2b7"><div class="gb-container gb-container-7bcab2b7"><div class="gb-inside-container"> <h4 class="gb-headline gb-headline-ba269f06 gb-headline-text"><a href="/decline/the-decline-of-the-roman-empire/">The Decline</a></h4> <p class="gb-headline gb-headline-82c92d27 gb-headline-text">AD 193 – 337</p> </div></div></div> <div class="gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-11514fab"><div class="gb-container gb-container-11514fab"><div class="gb-inside-container"> <h4 class="gb-headline gb-headline-f370bf4a gb-headline-text"><a href="/collapse/collapse-overview/">The Collapse</a></h4> <p class="gb-headline gb-headline-40691d1e gb-headline-text">AD 337 – 476</p> </div></div></div> <div class="gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-fccf95a2"><div class="gb-container gb-container-fccf95a2"><div class="gb-inside-container"> <h4 class="gb-headline gb-headline-3a12423e gb-headline-text"><a href="/constantinople/overview/">Constantinople</a></h4> <p class="gb-headline gb-headline-aef6a83d gb-headline-text">AD 326 – 1453</p> </div></div></div> </div> </div></div> <div class="gb-container gb-container-350dbdc7"><div class="gb-inside-container"> <div class="gb-grid-wrapper gb-grid-wrapper-f7ffced9"> <div class="gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-f262dc2a"><div class="gb-container gb-container-f262dc2a"><div class="gb-inside-container"> <div class="wp-block-image"> <figure class="aligncenter size-medium"><a href="/category/people/"><img decoding="async" width="300" height="250" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20300%20250'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="Roman People" class="wp-image-4550" title="Home 3" data-lazy-srcset="https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/people-300x250.jpg 300w, https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/people.jpg 600w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" data-lazy-src="https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/people-300x250.jpg" /><noscript><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="250" src="https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/people-300x250.jpg" alt="Roman People" class="wp-image-4550" title="Home 3" srcset="https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/people-300x250.jpg 300w, https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/people.jpg 600w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></noscript></a></figure></div> <h2 class="gb-headline gb-headline-5095bb67 gb-headline-text"><a href="/category/people/">People</a></h2> </div></div></div> <div class="gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-807e5ab5"><div class="gb-container gb-container-807e5ab5"><div class="gb-inside-container"> <div class="wp-block-image"> <figure class="aligncenter size-medium"><a href="/category/places/"><img decoding="async" width="300" height="250" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20300%20250'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="Roman places" class="wp-image-4549" title="Home 4" data-lazy-srcset="https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/places-300x250.jpg 300w, https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/places.jpg 600w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" data-lazy-src="https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/places-300x250.jpg" /><noscript><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="250" src="https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/places-300x250.jpg" alt="Roman places" class="wp-image-4549" title="Home 4" srcset="https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/places-300x250.jpg 300w, https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/places.jpg 600w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></noscript></a></figure></div> <h2 class="gb-headline gb-headline-031212c4 gb-headline-text"><a href="/category/places/">Places</a></h2> </div></div></div> <div class="gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-f0eea7d3"><div class="gb-container gb-container-f0eea7d3"><div class="gb-inside-container"> <div class="wp-block-image"> <figure class="aligncenter size-medium"><a href="/category/army/"><img decoding="async" width="300" height="250" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20300%20250'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="Roman Battles" class="wp-image-4551" title="Home 5" data-lazy-srcset="https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/battles-300x250.jpg 300w, https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/battles.jpg 600w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" data-lazy-src="https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/battles-300x250.jpg" /><noscript><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="250" src="https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/battles-300x250.jpg" alt="Roman Battles" class="wp-image-4551" title="Home 5" srcset="https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/battles-300x250.jpg 300w, https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/battles.jpg 600w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></noscript></a></figure></div> <h2 class="gb-headline gb-headline-73ae9db0 gb-headline-text"><a href="/category/army/">Battles</a></h2> </div></div></div> <div class="gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-070eb896"><div class="gb-container gb-container-070eb896"><div class="gb-inside-container"> <div class="wp-block-image"> <figure class="aligncenter size-medium"><a href="/category/society/"><img decoding="async" width="300" height="250" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20300%20250'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="Roman Society" class="wp-image-4554" title="Home 6" data-lazy-srcset="https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/society-300x250.jpg 300w, https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/society.jpg 600w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" data-lazy-src="https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/society-300x250.jpg" /><noscript><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="250" src="https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/society-300x250.jpg" alt="Roman Society" class="wp-image-4554" title="Home 6" srcset="https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/society-300x250.jpg 300w, https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/society.jpg 600w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></noscript></a></figure></div> <h2 class="gb-headline gb-headline-80eba5e0 gb-headline-text"><a href="/category/society/">Society</a></h2> </div></div></div> </div> </div></div> <div class="gb-container gb-container-0e55c57e"><div class="gb-inside-container"> <h2 class="gb-headline gb-headline-b9b873d0"><span class="gb-icon"><svg xmlns="https://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 80 77.55"><path d="M36.065 73.53a.77.77 0 01-.095-.006 33.943 33.943 0 01-21.306-11.103A33.938 33.938 0 016.012 39.76a33.842 33.842 0 015.704-18.857A34.025 34.025 0 0126.433 8.579a.795.795 0 11.636 1.46A32.433 32.433 0 0013.04 21.788 32.256 32.256 0 007.605 39.76a32.298 32.298 0 008.246 21.599 32.35 32.35 0 0020.307 10.583.796.796 0 01-.093 1.588z"></path><path d="M25.919 10.245a.795.795 0 01-.522-.195c-.087-.075-2.116-1.879-1.356-4.717.697-2.601 3.561-5.042 3.683-5.145a.798.798 0 011.263.338c.054.15 1.314 3.697.617 6.297-.76 2.837-3.42 3.385-3.532 3.407a.801.801 0 01-.153.015zm1.922-7.969c-.808.84-1.914 2.171-2.262 3.469-.357 1.331.212 2.321.583 2.794.56-.225 1.547-.799 1.903-2.128.23-.86.206-2.051-.07-3.445a15.771 15.771 0 00-.154-.69zM9.839 25.389a.783.783 0 01-.152-.015c-.113-.022-2.772-.569-3.532-3.407-.697-2.601.563-6.147.617-6.297a.794.794 0 011.263-.338c.122.103 2.986 2.544 3.683 5.145.76 2.837-1.269 4.641-1.356 4.717a.8.8 0 01-.523.195zm-1.922-7.968c-.28 1.131-.572 2.837-.224 4.135.356 1.328 1.342 1.902 1.902 2.128.373-.475.939-1.466.584-2.794-.348-1.299-1.453-2.63-2.262-3.469zM6.181 37.603c-.645 0-2.851-.172-4.126-2.381-1.346-2.331-1.047-6.083-1.034-6.242a.797.797 0 011.132-.654c.144.068 3.543 1.685 4.889 4.016 1.469 2.544-.025 4.811-.089 4.907a.796.796 0 01-.605.349c-.015.001-.074.005-.167.005zm-3.6-7.23c.022 1.165.182 2.889.854 4.052.683 1.183 1.767 1.488 2.388 1.562.237-.556.527-1.659-.16-2.849-.445-.771-1.305-1.596-2.486-2.387a18.86 18.86 0 00-.596-.378zM5.981 49.467a4.656 4.656 0 01-3.354-1.389C.723 46.174.041 42.473.013 42.316a.795.795 0 01.925-.925c.157.028 3.858.711 5.762 2.614 2.077 2.077 1.222 4.654 1.184 4.763a.801.801 0 01-.495.494 4.633 4.633 0 01-1.408.205zm-4.102-6.21c.323 1.12.923 2.744 1.874 3.695a3.05 3.05 0 002.228.923c.183 0 .347-.015.483-.034.085-.599.079-1.738-.892-2.709-.904-.904-2.499-1.527-3.693-1.875zM10.923 62.028a4.65 4.65 0 01-2.347-.641c-2.332-1.346-3.949-4.745-4.016-4.889a.797.797 0 01.654-1.132c.018-.002.44-.037 1.079-.037 1.51 0 3.631.186 5.163 1.07 2.544 1.469 2.384 4.179 2.376 4.294a.796.796 0 01-.349.605c-.112.074-1.125.73-2.56.73zm-4.317-5.103c.602.998 1.602 2.411 2.765 3.083a3.073 3.073 0 001.551.428c.542 0 1-.144 1.299-.27-.073-.6-.373-1.7-1.563-2.387-1.174-.678-2.933-.832-4.052-.854zM19.079 71.511c-.133 0-.269-.006-.405-.016-2.684-.216-5.603-2.592-5.726-2.693a.797.797 0 01.105-1.303c.123-.072 3.053-1.762 5.635-1.762.152 0 .302.006.447.017 2.928.235 3.947 2.752 3.989 2.859a.797.797 0 01-.056.696c-.053.089-1.332 2.202-3.989 2.202zm-4.097-3.202c.972.643 2.481 1.49 3.82 1.597.093.007.186.011.277.011 1.21 0 1.992-.668 2.365-1.09-.323-.511-1.066-1.376-2.436-1.486a4.114 4.114 0 00-.319-.012c-1.275 0-2.729.539-3.707.98zM28.403 77.55c-1.541 0-2.82-.25-2.874-.26a.795.795 0 01-.524-1.198c.083-.136 2.068-3.334 4.534-4.413a4.704 4.704 0 011.895-.405c1.731 0 2.922.996 2.972 1.038.187.159.29.395.28.64-.005.115-.147 2.826-2.838 4.004-.903.394-2.062.594-3.445.594zm-1.315-1.655c.388.036.839.063 1.315.063 1.146 0 2.116-.16 2.806-.462 1.26-.551 1.68-1.611 1.818-2.197a3.308 3.308 0 00-1.593-.433c-.421 0-.844.091-1.256.272-1.231.539-2.381 1.831-3.09 2.757zM16.797 16.213a.793.793 0 01-.349-.081c-.103-.05-2.53-1.268-2.53-4.205 0-2.692 2.135-5.792 2.226-5.923a.797.797 0 011.308 0c.091.131 2.226 3.231 2.226 5.923 0 2.937-2.427 4.155-2.53 4.205a.808.808 0 01-.351.081zm0-8.221c-.563 1.02-1.287 2.592-1.287 3.936 0 1.375.804 2.185 1.287 2.548.483-.363 1.287-1.173 1.287-2.548 0-1.344-.724-2.916-1.287-3.936z"></path><path d="M43.935 73.53a.797.797 0 01-.093-1.588 32.352 32.352 0 0020.307-10.583 32.298 32.298 0 008.246-21.599c0-6.432-1.88-12.646-5.435-17.972a32.433 32.433 0 00-14.029-11.749.797.797 0 01.636-1.46 34.025 34.025 0 0114.717 12.324 33.848 33.848 0 015.704 18.857 33.945 33.945 0 01-8.652 22.661A33.94 33.94 0 0144.03 73.524a.757.757 0 01-.095.006z"></path><path d="M54.081 10.245a.783.783 0 01-.152-.015c-.113-.022-2.772-.569-3.532-3.407-.697-2.601.563-6.147.617-6.297a.794.794 0 011.263-.338c.122.103 2.986 2.544 3.683 5.145.76 2.837-1.269 4.641-1.356 4.717a.805.805 0 01-.523.195zm-1.922-7.969c-.28 1.132-.572 2.837-.224 4.135.356 1.328 1.342 1.902 1.902 2.128.373-.475.939-1.466.583-2.794-.23-.86-.847-1.879-1.784-2.949a14.576 14.576 0 00-.477-.52zM70.161 25.389a.795.795 0 01-.522-.195c-.087-.075-2.116-1.879-1.356-4.717.697-2.601 3.561-5.042 3.683-5.145a.798.798 0 011.263.338c.054.15 1.314 3.696.617 6.297-.76 2.837-3.42 3.385-3.532 3.407a.793.793 0 01-.153.015zm1.922-7.969c-.808.84-1.914 2.171-2.262 3.469-.357 1.331.212 2.321.583 2.794.56-.225 1.547-.799 1.903-2.128.23-.86.206-2.051-.07-3.445a16.105 16.105 0 00-.154-.69zM73.819 37.603c-.093 0-.152-.004-.168-.005a.796.796 0 01-.605-.349c-.064-.095-1.558-2.363-.089-4.907 1.346-2.331 4.745-3.949 4.889-4.016a.797.797 0 011.132.654c.013.159.312 3.911-1.034 6.242-1.274 2.209-3.48 2.381-4.125 2.381zm3.601-7.229c-.998.602-2.411 1.602-3.083 2.765-.688 1.193-.396 2.296-.161 2.849.621-.074 1.706-.379 2.389-1.563.445-.771.73-1.928.824-3.346.017-.25.026-.488.031-.705zM74.019 49.467a4.633 4.633 0 01-1.408-.205.797.797 0 01-.494-.494c-.037-.109-.893-2.686 1.184-4.763 1.904-1.904 5.605-2.586 5.762-2.614a.796.796 0 01.925.925c-.028.157-.711 3.858-2.614 5.762a4.66 4.66 0 01-3.355 1.389zm-.484-1.626c.136.019.301.034.484.034.866 0 1.615-.311 2.228-.923.904-.904 1.526-2.5 1.875-3.693-1.12.323-2.744.923-3.695 1.874-.972.971-.977 2.112-.892 2.708zM69.078 62.028c-1.436 0-2.449-.655-2.56-.73a.796.796 0 01-.349-.605c-.008-.115-.167-2.825 2.376-4.294 1.532-.885 3.654-1.07 5.163-1.07.638 0 1.061.035 1.079.037a.797.797 0 01.654 1.132c-.068.144-1.685 3.543-4.016 4.889a4.65 4.65 0 01-2.347.641zm-1.3-1.864c.301.127.761.272 1.299.272.537 0 1.059-.144 1.551-.428.771-.445 1.596-1.305 2.387-2.486.14-.209.267-.41.379-.597-1.119.022-2.878.176-4.052.854-1.191.687-1.491 1.788-1.564 2.385zM60.921 71.511c-2.657 0-3.936-2.112-3.989-2.202a.797.797 0 01-.056-.696c.042-.107 1.061-2.624 3.989-2.859.145-.012.295-.017.447-.017 2.582 0 5.512 1.69 5.635 1.762a.796.796 0 01.105 1.303c-.123.101-3.042 2.477-5.726 2.693-.136.01-.272.016-.405.016zm-2.366-2.684c.373.422 1.155 1.09 2.366 1.091.091 0 .184-.004.277-.011.887-.071 2.001-.494 3.222-1.222.216-.128.416-.256.598-.376-.978-.441-2.432-.98-3.707-.98-.11 0-.217.004-.319.012-1.373.111-2.116.978-2.437 1.486zM51.597 77.55c-1.384 0-2.542-.2-3.445-.595-2.691-1.177-2.833-3.889-2.838-4.004a.797.797 0 01.28-.64c.05-.042 1.241-1.038 2.972-1.038.643 0 1.28.136 1.895.405 2.467 1.079 4.451 4.277 4.534 4.413a.8.8 0 01-.524 1.198 16.19 16.19 0 01-2.874.261zm-4.624-4.251c.139.589.56 1.647 1.818 2.197.69.302 1.661.462 2.806.462.477 0 .928-.027 1.315-.062-.709-.925-1.859-2.218-3.09-2.757a3.128 3.128 0 00-1.256-.272 3.297 3.297 0 00-1.593.432zM63.203 16.213a.793.793 0 01-.349-.081c-.103-.05-2.53-1.268-2.53-4.205 0-2.692 2.135-5.792 2.226-5.923a.797.797 0 011.308 0c.091.131 2.226 3.231 2.226 5.923 0 2.937-2.427 4.155-2.53 4.205a.805.805 0 01-.351.081zm0-8.221c-.563 1.02-1.287 2.592-1.287 3.936 0 1.375.804 2.185 1.287 2.548.483-.363 1.287-1.173 1.287-2.548 0-1.344-.723-2.916-1.287-3.936z"></path></svg></span><span class="gb-headline-text">Timeline of the Roman Empire</span></h2> <div class="wp-block-buttons is-horizontal is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-5 wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex"> <div class="wp-block-button"><a class="wp-block-button__link wp-element-button" href="/maps/animated-timeline/">Animated Timeline Map</a></div> </div> <div style="height:100px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div> <div class="wp-block-uagb-content-timeline uagb-timeline__outer-wrap uagb-block-84742e07-7560-45fc-98f4-95ade75ba218 uagb-timeline__content-wrap uagb-timeline__center-block uagb-timeline__arrow-center uagb-timeline timeline-container"> <article class="wp-block-uagb-content-timeline-child uagb-timeline__field uagb-timeline-child-4ae793b6-4988-4897-b54f-ff280e1fb82d uagb-timeline__right uagb-timeline__field-wrap"><div class="uagb-timeline__marker out-view-uagb-timeline__icon"><svg xmlns="" viewBox="0 0 256 512"></svg></div><div class="uagb-timeline__day-new uagb-timeline__day-right uagb-timeline__events-inner-new"><div class="uagb-timeline__events-inner--content"><h6 class="uagb-timeline__heading">1200 <meta charset="utf-8">BC</h6><p class="uagb-timeline-desc-content">The Prisci Latini colonists migrate to Italy from the Danube region.</p><div class="uagb-timeline__arrow"></div></div></div><div class="uagb-timeline__date-new"></div></article> <article class="wp-block-uagb-content-timeline-child uagb-timeline__field uagb-timeline-child-7cd40921-f310-422d-96ed-9a6c773ab5f5 uagb-timeline__left uagb-timeline__field-wrap"><div class="uagb-timeline__marker out-view-uagb-timeline__icon"><svg xmlns="" viewBox="0 0 256 512"></svg></div><div class="uagb-timeline__day-new uagb-timeline__day-left uagb-timeline__events-inner-new"><div class="uagb-timeline__events-inner--content"><h6 class="uagb-timeline__heading">April 21, 753 <meta charset="utf-8">BC</h6><p class="uagb-timeline-desc-content">Founding of Rome according to traditional story of Romulus and Remus.</p><div class="uagb-timeline__arrow"></div></div></div><div class="uagb-timeline__date-new"></div></article> <article class="wp-block-uagb-content-timeline-child uagb-timeline__field uagb-timeline-child-80f60e14-60bd-406c-a588-9dd655fdd1b8 uagb-timeline__right uagb-timeline__field-wrap"><div class="uagb-timeline__marker out-view-uagb-timeline__icon"><svg xmlns="" viewBox="0 0 256 512"></svg></div><div class="uagb-timeline__day-new uagb-timeline__day-right uagb-timeline__events-inner-new"><div class="uagb-timeline__events-inner--content"><h6 class="uagb-timeline__heading">753 – 716 BC</h6><p class="uagb-timeline-desc-content">Reign of King Romulus</p><div class="uagb-timeline__arrow"></div></div></div><div class="uagb-timeline__date-new"></div></article> <article class="wp-block-uagb-content-timeline-child uagb-timeline__field uagb-timeline-child-f8cdcd41-3618-48df-bc97-ad0d34dd9c6e uagb-timeline__left uagb-timeline__field-wrap"><div class="uagb-timeline__marker out-view-uagb-timeline__icon"><svg xmlns="" viewBox="0 0 256 512"></svg></div><div class="uagb-timeline__day-new uagb-timeline__day-left uagb-timeline__events-inner-new"><div class="uagb-timeline__events-inner--content"><h6 class="uagb-timeline__heading">715 – 673 BC</h6><p class="uagb-timeline-desc-content">Reign of King Numa Pompilius</p><div class="uagb-timeline__arrow"></div></div></div><div class="uagb-timeline__date-new"></div></article> <article class="wp-block-uagb-content-timeline-child uagb-timeline__field uagb-timeline-child-90cd6060-170d-4626-a098-ad27951f7c27 uagb-timeline__right uagb-timeline__field-wrap"><div class="uagb-timeline__marker out-view-uagb-timeline__icon"><svg xmlns="" viewBox="0 0 256 512"></svg></div><div class="uagb-timeline__day-new uagb-timeline__day-right uagb-timeline__events-inner-new"><div class="uagb-timeline__events-inner--content"><h6 class="uagb-timeline__heading">673 – 642 BC</h6><p class="uagb-timeline-desc-content">Reign of King Tullus Hostilius</p><div class="uagb-timeline__arrow"></div></div></div><div class="uagb-timeline__date-new"></div></article> <article class="wp-block-uagb-content-timeline-child uagb-timeline__field uagb-timeline-child-0bfd7324-d014-4218-8836-7a32501e2ff0 uagb-timeline__left uagb-timeline__field-wrap"><div class="uagb-timeline__marker out-view-uagb-timeline__icon"><svg xmlns="" viewBox="0 0 256 512"></svg></div><div class="uagb-timeline__day-new uagb-timeline__day-left uagb-timeline__events-inner-new"><div class="uagb-timeline__events-inner--content"><h6 class="uagb-timeline__heading">642 – 616 BC</h6><p class="uagb-timeline-desc-content">Reign of King Ancus Marcius</p><div class="uagb-timeline__arrow"></div></div></div><div class="uagb-timeline__date-new"></div></article> <article class="wp-block-uagb-content-timeline-child uagb-timeline__field uagb-timeline-child-3ecf0416-98f8-4992-9c3f-e3578a5a9a69 uagb-timeline__right uagb-timeline__field-wrap"><div class="uagb-timeline__marker out-view-uagb-timeline__icon"><svg xmlns="" viewBox="0 0 256 512"></svg></div><div class="uagb-timeline__day-new uagb-timeline__day-right uagb-timeline__events-inner-new"><div class="uagb-timeline__events-inner--content"><h6 class="uagb-timeline__heading">616 – 579 BC</h6><p class="uagb-timeline-desc-content">Reign of King Lucius Tarquinius Priscus</p><div class="uagb-timeline__arrow"></div></div></div><div class="uagb-timeline__date-new"></div></article> <article class="wp-block-uagb-content-timeline-child uagb-timeline__field uagb-timeline-child-1fe93d22-6651-4834-af65-abdcbccb4762 uagb-timeline__left uagb-timeline__field-wrap"><div class="uagb-timeline__marker out-view-uagb-timeline__icon"><svg xmlns="" viewBox="0 0 256 512"></svg></div><div class="uagb-timeline__day-new uagb-timeline__day-left uagb-timeline__events-inner-new"><div class="uagb-timeline__events-inner--content"><h6 class="uagb-timeline__heading">579 – 534 BC</h6><p class="uagb-timeline-desc-content">Reign of King Servius Tullius</p><div class="uagb-timeline__arrow"></div></div></div><div class="uagb-timeline__date-new"></div></article> <article class="wp-block-uagb-content-timeline-child uagb-timeline__field uagb-timeline-child-bb1a647f-f708-44e1-9dde-9e32fdfd3184 uagb-timeline__right uagb-timeline__field-wrap"><div class="uagb-timeline__marker out-view-uagb-timeline__icon"><svg xmlns="" viewBox="0 0 256 512"></svg></div><div class="uagb-timeline__day-new uagb-timeline__day-right uagb-timeline__events-inner-new"><div class="uagb-timeline__events-inner--content"><h6 class="uagb-timeline__heading">534 – 504 BC</h6><p class="uagb-timeline-desc-content">Reign of King Lucius Tarquinius Superbus</p><div class="uagb-timeline__arrow"></div></div></div><div class="uagb-timeline__date-new"></div></article> <article class="wp-block-uagb-content-timeline-child uagb-timeline__field uagb-timeline-child-82bd5f94-1095-4e76-8acf-416caa6c26d9 uagb-timeline__left uagb-timeline__field-wrap"><div class="uagb-timeline__marker out-view-uagb-timeline__icon"><svg xmlns="" viewBox="0 0 256 512"></svg></div><div class="uagb-timeline__day-new uagb-timeline__day-left uagb-timeline__events-inner-new"><div class="uagb-timeline__events-inner--content"><h6 class="uagb-timeline__heading">509 BC</h6><p class="uagb-timeline-desc-content">Overthrow of the Roman monarchy</p><div class="uagb-timeline__arrow"></div></div></div><div class="uagb-timeline__date-new"></div></article> <article class="wp-block-uagb-content-timeline-child uagb-timeline__field uagb-timeline-child-e53dd054-4b9d-4c8b-9fbf-d16cc98815b2 uagb-timeline__right uagb-timeline__field-wrap"><div class="uagb-timeline__marker out-view-uagb-timeline__icon"><svg xmlns="" viewBox="0 0 256 512"></svg></div><div class="uagb-timeline__day-new uagb-timeline__day-right uagb-timeline__events-inner-new"><div class="uagb-timeline__events-inner--content"><h6 class="uagb-timeline__heading">510 – 23 BC</h6><p class="uagb-timeline-desc-content">Establishment of the Roman Republic</p><div class="uagb-timeline__arrow"></div></div></div><div class="uagb-timeline__date-new"></div></article> <article class="wp-block-uagb-content-timeline-child uagb-timeline__field uagb-timeline-child-43dec40e-f399-4a83-9f3f-f91134d96e1e uagb-timeline__left uagb-timeline__field-wrap"><div class="uagb-timeline__marker out-view-uagb-timeline__icon"><svg xmlns="" viewBox="0 0 256 512"></svg></div><div class="uagb-timeline__day-new uagb-timeline__day-left uagb-timeline__events-inner-new"><div class="uagb-timeline__events-inner--content"><h6 class="uagb-timeline__heading">60 BC</h6><p class="uagb-timeline-desc-content"><a href="https://roman-empire.net/people/gaius-julius-caesar/" data-type="post" data-id="4361">Gaius Julius Caesar</a>, Crassus and Pompey form the First Triumvirate</p><div class="uagb-timeline__arrow"></div></div></div><div class="uagb-timeline__date-new"></div></article> <article class="wp-block-uagb-content-timeline-child uagb-timeline__field uagb-timeline-child-6d6b496a-12c7-45cd-a720-9426c65fe643 uagb-timeline__right uagb-timeline__field-wrap"><div class="uagb-timeline__marker out-view-uagb-timeline__icon"><svg xmlns="" viewBox="0 0 256 512"></svg></div><div class="uagb-timeline__day-new uagb-timeline__day-right uagb-timeline__events-inner-new"><div class="uagb-timeline__events-inner--content"><h6 class="uagb-timeline__heading">49 – 44 BC</h6><p class="uagb-timeline-desc-content">Gaius Julius <a href="https://roman-empire.net/people/gaius-julius-caesar/" data-type="post" data-id="4361">Caesar</a> defies the Senate and appoints himself dictator for life. He reigns until he is assassinated on March 15, 44 BC</p><div class="uagb-timeline__arrow"></div></div></div><div class="uagb-timeline__date-new"></div></article> <article class="wp-block-uagb-content-timeline-child uagb-timeline__field uagb-timeline-child-eb4e7939-f878-4b04-9b1e-335f286635aa uagb-timeline__left uagb-timeline__field-wrap"><div class="uagb-timeline__marker out-view-uagb-timeline__icon"><svg xmlns="" viewBox="0 0 256 512"></svg></div><div class="uagb-timeline__day-new uagb-timeline__day-left uagb-timeline__events-inner-new"><div class="uagb-timeline__events-inner--content"><h6 class="uagb-timeline__heading">27 BC – AD 14</h6><p class="uagb-timeline-desc-content">The senate grants Augustus the title of Caesar and he becomes the first Roman Emperor.</p><div class="uagb-timeline__arrow"></div></div></div><div class="uagb-timeline__date-new"></div></article> <article class="wp-block-uagb-content-timeline-child uagb-timeline__field uagb-timeline-child-a1caa87b-5da5-4fa3-a03d-982bdb6584bf uagb-timeline__right uagb-timeline__field-wrap"><div class="uagb-timeline__marker out-view-uagb-timeline__icon"><svg xmlns="" viewBox="0 0 256 512"></svg></div><div class="uagb-timeline__day-new uagb-timeline__day-right uagb-timeline__events-inner-new"><div class="uagb-timeline__events-inner--content"><h6 class="uagb-timeline__heading">AD 14 – 37</h6><p class="uagb-timeline-desc-content">Reign of Tiberius</p><div class="uagb-timeline__arrow"></div></div></div><div class="uagb-timeline__date-new"></div></article> <article class="wp-block-uagb-content-timeline-child uagb-timeline__field uagb-timeline-child-566232b9-ad2f-4cf2-9ed7-b192dd1ee49d uagb-timeline__left uagb-timeline__field-wrap"><div class="uagb-timeline__marker out-view-uagb-timeline__icon"><svg xmlns="" viewBox="0 0 256 512"></svg></div><div class="uagb-timeline__day-new uagb-timeline__day-left uagb-timeline__events-inner-new"><div class="uagb-timeline__events-inner--content"><h6 class="uagb-timeline__heading">AD 37 – 41</h6><p class="uagb-timeline-desc-content">Reign of Caligula</p><div class="uagb-timeline__arrow"></div></div></div><div class="uagb-timeline__date-new"></div></article> <article class="wp-block-uagb-content-timeline-child uagb-timeline__field uagb-timeline-child-02235459-8793-438e-823e-cd4b975d78f5 uagb-timeline__right uagb-timeline__field-wrap"><div class="uagb-timeline__marker out-view-uagb-timeline__icon"><svg xmlns="" viewBox="0 0 256 512"></svg></div><div class="uagb-timeline__day-new uagb-timeline__day-right uagb-timeline__events-inner-new"><div class="uagb-timeline__events-inner--content"><h6 class="uagb-timeline__heading">AD 41 – 54</h6><p class="uagb-timeline-desc-content">Reign of Claudius</p><div class="uagb-timeline__arrow"></div></div></div><div class="uagb-timeline__date-new"></div></article> <article class="wp-block-uagb-content-timeline-child uagb-timeline__field uagb-timeline-child-a64c330b-6890-4673-9cc8-40574e2711b6 uagb-timeline__left uagb-timeline__field-wrap"><div class="uagb-timeline__marker out-view-uagb-timeline__icon"><svg xmlns="" viewBox="0 0 256 512"></svg></div><div class="uagb-timeline__day-new uagb-timeline__day-left uagb-timeline__events-inner-new"><div class="uagb-timeline__events-inner--content"><h6 class="uagb-timeline__heading"><meta charset="utf-8">AD 54 – 68</h6><p class="uagb-timeline-desc-content">Reign of Nero</p><div class="uagb-timeline__arrow"></div></div></div><div class="uagb-timeline__date-new"></div></article> <article class="wp-block-uagb-content-timeline-child uagb-timeline__field uagb-timeline-child-b8d42609-73f4-421d-8a1f-7f4826593731 uagb-timeline__right uagb-timeline__field-wrap"><div class="uagb-timeline__marker out-view-uagb-timeline__icon"><svg xmlns="" viewBox="0 0 256 512"></svg></div><div class="uagb-timeline__day-new uagb-timeline__day-right uagb-timeline__events-inner-new"><div class="uagb-timeline__events-inner--content"><h6 class="uagb-timeline__heading"><meta charset="utf-8">AD 68 – 69</h6><p class="uagb-timeline-desc-content">Reign of Galba</p><div class="uagb-timeline__arrow"></div></div></div><div class="uagb-timeline__date-new"></div></article> <article class="wp-block-uagb-content-timeline-child uagb-timeline__field uagb-timeline-child-7b8c5592-257f-4770-8b52-f08892949a60 uagb-timeline__left uagb-timeline__field-wrap"><div class="uagb-timeline__marker out-view-uagb-timeline__icon"><svg xmlns="" viewBox="0 0 256 512"></svg></div><div class="uagb-timeline__day-new uagb-timeline__day-left uagb-timeline__events-inner-new"><div class="uagb-timeline__events-inner--content"><h6 class="uagb-timeline__heading"><meta charset="utf-8">AD 69</h6><p class="uagb-timeline-desc-content">Reign of Otho</p><div class="uagb-timeline__arrow"></div></div></div><div class="uagb-timeline__date-new"></div></article> <article class="wp-block-uagb-content-timeline-child uagb-timeline__field uagb-timeline-child-61fc2ef7-3e42-4085-bf07-57774310a291 uagb-timeline__right uagb-timeline__field-wrap"><div class="uagb-timeline__marker out-view-uagb-timeline__icon"><svg xmlns="" viewBox="0 0 256 512"></svg></div><div class="uagb-timeline__day-new uagb-timeline__day-right uagb-timeline__events-inner-new"><div class="uagb-timeline__events-inner--content"><h6 class="uagb-timeline__heading"><meta charset="utf-8">AD 69</h6><p class="uagb-timeline-desc-content">Reign of Vitellius</p><div class="uagb-timeline__arrow"></div></div></div><div class="uagb-timeline__date-new"></div></article> <article class="wp-block-uagb-content-timeline-child uagb-timeline__field uagb-timeline-child-3a2642bb-7874-4812-a4a0-1911e3c81181 uagb-timeline__left uagb-timeline__field-wrap"><div class="uagb-timeline__marker out-view-uagb-timeline__icon"><svg xmlns="" viewBox="0 0 256 512"></svg></div><div class="uagb-timeline__day-new uagb-timeline__day-left uagb-timeline__events-inner-new"><div class="uagb-timeline__events-inner--content"><h6 class="uagb-timeline__heading">AD 69 – 79</h6><p class="uagb-timeline-desc-content">Reign of Vespasian </p><div class="uagb-timeline__arrow"></div></div></div><div class="uagb-timeline__date-new"></div></article> <article class="wp-block-uagb-content-timeline-child uagb-timeline__field uagb-timeline-child-b8a9d6dd-e9f3-48a8-8684-842a1633fae7 uagb-timeline__right uagb-timeline__field-wrap"><div class="uagb-timeline__marker out-view-uagb-timeline__icon"><svg xmlns="" viewBox="0 0 256 512"></svg></div><div class="uagb-timeline__day-new uagb-timeline__day-right uagb-timeline__events-inner-new"><div class="uagb-timeline__events-inner--content"><h6 class="uagb-timeline__heading">AD 79 – 31</h6><p class="uagb-timeline-desc-content">Reign of Titus</p><div class="uagb-timeline__arrow"></div></div></div><div class="uagb-timeline__date-new"></div></article> <article class="wp-block-uagb-content-timeline-child uagb-timeline__field uagb-timeline-child-5694e504-84ac-49b4-935d-21f5b3b08c2f uagb-timeline__left uagb-timeline__field-wrap"><div class="uagb-timeline__marker out-view-uagb-timeline__icon"><svg xmlns="" viewBox="0 0 256 512"></svg></div><div class="uagb-timeline__day-new uagb-timeline__day-left uagb-timeline__events-inner-new"><div class="uagb-timeline__events-inner--content"><h6 class="uagb-timeline__heading">AD 81 – 96</h6><p class="uagb-timeline-desc-content">Reign of Domitian</p><div class="uagb-timeline__arrow"></div></div></div><div class="uagb-timeline__date-new"></div></article> <article class="wp-block-uagb-content-timeline-child uagb-timeline__field uagb-timeline-child-221ae14e-fe0d-46e6-bc19-39476ba3c830 uagb-timeline__right uagb-timeline__field-wrap"><div class="uagb-timeline__marker out-view-uagb-timeline__icon"><svg xmlns="" viewBox="0 0 256 512"></svg></div><div class="uagb-timeline__day-new uagb-timeline__day-right uagb-timeline__events-inner-new"><div class="uagb-timeline__events-inner--content"><h6 class="uagb-timeline__heading">AD 96 – 98</h6><p class="uagb-timeline-desc-content">Reign of Nerva</p><div class="uagb-timeline__arrow"></div></div></div><div class="uagb-timeline__date-new"></div></article> <article class="wp-block-uagb-content-timeline-child uagb-timeline__field uagb-timeline-child-28e6c3c3-ab5b-4337-a5e5-19cc7df76813 uagb-timeline__left uagb-timeline__field-wrap"><div class="uagb-timeline__marker out-view-uagb-timeline__icon"><svg xmlns="" viewBox="0 0 256 512"></svg></div><div class="uagb-timeline__day-new uagb-timeline__day-left uagb-timeline__events-inner-new"><div class="uagb-timeline__events-inner--content"><h6 class="uagb-timeline__heading">AD 98 – 117</h6><p class="uagb-timeline-desc-content">Reign of Trajan</p><div class="uagb-timeline__arrow"></div></div></div><div class="uagb-timeline__date-new"></div></article> <article class="wp-block-uagb-content-timeline-child uagb-timeline__field uagb-timeline-child-d4664752-61b7-44be-9c78-e05d3bc62ac5 uagb-timeline__right uagb-timeline__field-wrap"><div class="uagb-timeline__marker out-view-uagb-timeline__icon"><svg xmlns="" viewBox="0 0 256 512"></svg></div><div class="uagb-timeline__day-new uagb-timeline__day-right uagb-timeline__events-inner-new"><div class="uagb-timeline__events-inner--content"><h6 class="uagb-timeline__heading">AD 117 – 138</h6><p class="uagb-timeline-desc-content">Reign of Hadrian</p><div class="uagb-timeline__arrow"></div></div></div><div class="uagb-timeline__date-new"></div></article> <article class="wp-block-uagb-content-timeline-child uagb-timeline__field uagb-timeline-child-34ffc137-d48f-4852-88b8-268b65428aa1 uagb-timeline__left uagb-timeline__field-wrap"><div class="uagb-timeline__marker out-view-uagb-timeline__icon"><svg xmlns="" viewBox="0 0 256 512"></svg></div><div class="uagb-timeline__day-new uagb-timeline__day-left uagb-timeline__events-inner-new"><div class="uagb-timeline__events-inner--content"><h6 class="uagb-timeline__heading">AD 138 – 161</h6><p class="uagb-timeline-desc-content">Reign of Antoninus Pius</p><div class="uagb-timeline__arrow"></div></div></div><div class="uagb-timeline__date-new"></div></article> <article class="wp-block-uagb-content-timeline-child uagb-timeline__field uagb-timeline-child-6dfa976c-acb8-4e06-8084-1cc77ec89792 uagb-timeline__right uagb-timeline__field-wrap"><div class="uagb-timeline__marker out-view-uagb-timeline__icon"><svg xmlns="" viewBox="0 0 256 512"></svg></div><div class="uagb-timeline__day-new uagb-timeline__day-right uagb-timeline__events-inner-new"><div class="uagb-timeline__events-inner--content"><h6 class="uagb-timeline__heading">AD 161 – 180</h6><p class="uagb-timeline-desc-content">Co Reign of Marcus Aurelius</p><div class="uagb-timeline__arrow"></div></div></div><div class="uagb-timeline__date-new"></div></article> <article class="wp-block-uagb-content-timeline-child uagb-timeline__field uagb-timeline-child-49a44b7a-ce1a-49b8-b867-a80960426610 uagb-timeline__left uagb-timeline__field-wrap"><div class="uagb-timeline__marker out-view-uagb-timeline__icon"><svg xmlns="" viewBox="0 0 256 512"></svg></div><div class="uagb-timeline__day-new uagb-timeline__day-left uagb-timeline__events-inner-new"><div class="uagb-timeline__events-inner--content"><h6 class="uagb-timeline__heading">AD 161 – 169</h6><p class="uagb-timeline-desc-content">Co Reign of Lucius Verus</p><div class="uagb-timeline__arrow"></div></div></div><div class="uagb-timeline__date-new"></div></article> <article class="wp-block-uagb-content-timeline-child uagb-timeline__field uagb-timeline-child-6ee477e9-9ebe-4390-a480-6c067757265a uagb-timeline__right uagb-timeline__field-wrap"><div class="uagb-timeline__marker out-view-uagb-timeline__icon"><svg xmlns="" viewBox="0 0 256 512"></svg></div><div class="uagb-timeline__day-new uagb-timeline__day-right uagb-timeline__events-inner-new"><div class="uagb-timeline__events-inner--content"><h6 class="uagb-timeline__heading">AD 180 – 192</h6><p class="uagb-timeline-desc-content">Reign of Commodus</p><div class="uagb-timeline__arrow"></div></div></div><div class="uagb-timeline__date-new"></div></article> <article class="wp-block-uagb-content-timeline-child uagb-timeline__field uagb-timeline-child-7e97cb3f-dced-4012-ba18-40b81ce0103f uagb-timeline__left uagb-timeline__field-wrap"><div class="uagb-timeline__marker out-view-uagb-timeline__icon"><svg xmlns="" viewBox="0 0 256 512"></svg></div><div class="uagb-timeline__day-new uagb-timeline__day-left uagb-timeline__events-inner-new"><div class="uagb-timeline__events-inner--content"><h6 class="uagb-timeline__heading">AD 193</h6><p class="uagb-timeline-desc-content">Reign of Pertinax</p><div class="uagb-timeline__arrow"></div></div></div><div class="uagb-timeline__date-new"></div></article> <article class="wp-block-uagb-content-timeline-child uagb-timeline__field uagb-timeline-child-2bd97e67-e7c7-4aa5-8b87-6867d1b330bd uagb-timeline__right uagb-timeline__field-wrap"><div class="uagb-timeline__marker out-view-uagb-timeline__icon"><svg xmlns="" viewBox="0 0 256 512"></svg></div><div class="uagb-timeline__day-new uagb-timeline__day-right uagb-timeline__events-inner-new"><div class="uagb-timeline__events-inner--content"><h6 class="uagb-timeline__heading">AD 193</h6><p class="uagb-timeline-desc-content">Reign of Didius Julianus</p><div class="uagb-timeline__arrow"></div></div></div><div class="uagb-timeline__date-new"></div></article> <article class="wp-block-uagb-content-timeline-child uagb-timeline__field uagb-timeline-child-2bfcdce2-94b8-4425-aaee-f3a393517eb3 uagb-timeline__left uagb-timeline__field-wrap"><div class="uagb-timeline__marker out-view-uagb-timeline__icon"><svg xmlns="" viewBox="0 0 256 512"></svg></div><div class="uagb-timeline__day-new uagb-timeline__day-left uagb-timeline__events-inner-new"><div class="uagb-timeline__events-inner--content"><h6 class="uagb-timeline__heading">AD 193 – 211</h6><p class="uagb-timeline-desc-content">Reign of Septimius Severus</p><div class="uagb-timeline__arrow"></div></div></div><div class="uagb-timeline__date-new"></div></article> <article class="wp-block-uagb-content-timeline-child uagb-timeline__field uagb-timeline-child-91246ffc-d1fe-43eb-bdbb-2d14bd673977 uagb-timeline__right uagb-timeline__field-wrap"><div class="uagb-timeline__marker out-view-uagb-timeline__icon"><svg xmlns="" viewBox="0 0 256 512"></svg></div><div class="uagb-timeline__day-new uagb-timeline__day-right uagb-timeline__events-inner-new"><div class="uagb-timeline__events-inner--content"><h6 class="uagb-timeline__heading">AD 211</h6><p class="uagb-timeline-desc-content">Co Reign of Geta</p><div class="uagb-timeline__arrow"></div></div></div><div class="uagb-timeline__date-new"></div></article> <article class="wp-block-uagb-content-timeline-child uagb-timeline__field uagb-timeline-child-e3af2783-34c7-497f-9a06-610a2f87e844 uagb-timeline__left uagb-timeline__field-wrap"><div class="uagb-timeline__marker out-view-uagb-timeline__icon"><svg xmlns="" viewBox="0 0 256 512"></svg></div><div class="uagb-timeline__day-new uagb-timeline__day-left uagb-timeline__events-inner-new"><div class="uagb-timeline__events-inner--content"><h6 class="uagb-timeline__heading">AD 211 – 217</h6><p class="uagb-timeline-desc-content">Co Reign of Caracalla</p><div class="uagb-timeline__arrow"></div></div></div><div class="uagb-timeline__date-new"></div></article> <article class="wp-block-uagb-content-timeline-child uagb-timeline__field uagb-timeline-child-4328e0a5-321a-411c-b8b9-af5afd0a598e uagb-timeline__right uagb-timeline__field-wrap"><div class="uagb-timeline__marker out-view-uagb-timeline__icon"><svg xmlns="" viewBox="0 0 256 512"></svg></div><div class="uagb-timeline__day-new uagb-timeline__day-right uagb-timeline__events-inner-new"><div class="uagb-timeline__events-inner--content"><h6 class="uagb-timeline__heading">AD 217 – 218</h6><p class="uagb-timeline-desc-content">Reign of Macrinus</p><div class="uagb-timeline__arrow"></div></div></div><div class="uagb-timeline__date-new"></div></article> <article class="wp-block-uagb-content-timeline-child uagb-timeline__field uagb-timeline-child-8b3c66e5-ab15-40e1-9fec-aa9f8430c4d0 uagb-timeline__left uagb-timeline__field-wrap"><div class="uagb-timeline__marker out-view-uagb-timeline__icon"><svg xmlns="" viewBox="0 0 256 512"></svg></div><div class="uagb-timeline__day-new uagb-timeline__day-left uagb-timeline__events-inner-new"><div class="uagb-timeline__events-inner--content"><h6 class="uagb-timeline__heading">AD 218 – 222</h6><p class="uagb-timeline-desc-content">Reign of Elagabalus</p><div class="uagb-timeline__arrow"></div></div></div><div class="uagb-timeline__date-new"></div></article> <article class="wp-block-uagb-content-timeline-child uagb-timeline__field uagb-timeline-child-0d2e4100-d5e8-4c00-9c06-f4af344f139b uagb-timeline__right uagb-timeline__field-wrap"><div class="uagb-timeline__marker out-view-uagb-timeline__icon"><svg xmlns="" viewBox="0 0 256 512"></svg></div><div class="uagb-timeline__day-new uagb-timeline__day-right uagb-timeline__events-inner-new"><div class="uagb-timeline__events-inner--content"><h6 class="uagb-timeline__heading">AD 222 – 235</h6><p class="uagb-timeline-desc-content">Reign of Alexander Severus</p><div class="uagb-timeline__arrow"></div></div></div><div class="uagb-timeline__date-new"></div></article> <article class="wp-block-uagb-content-timeline-child uagb-timeline__field uagb-timeline-child-31a7b794-4cc9-4116-be45-a906c30dabd6 uagb-timeline__left uagb-timeline__field-wrap"><div class="uagb-timeline__marker out-view-uagb-timeline__icon"><svg xmlns="" viewBox="0 0 256 512"></svg></div><div class="uagb-timeline__day-new uagb-timeline__day-left uagb-timeline__events-inner-new"><div class="uagb-timeline__events-inner--content"><h6 class="uagb-timeline__heading">AD 235 – 238</h6><p class="uagb-timeline-desc-content">Reign of Maximus Thrax</p><div class="uagb-timeline__arrow"></div></div></div><div class="uagb-timeline__date-new"></div></article> <article class="wp-block-uagb-content-timeline-child uagb-timeline__field uagb-timeline-child-753f69f4-e289-482e-84ef-0b12d187b494 uagb-timeline__right uagb-timeline__field-wrap"><div class="uagb-timeline__marker out-view-uagb-timeline__icon"><svg xmlns="" viewBox="0 0 256 512"></svg></div><div class="uagb-timeline__day-new uagb-timeline__day-right uagb-timeline__events-inner-new"><div class="uagb-timeline__events-inner--content"><h6 class="uagb-timeline__heading">AD 238</h6><p class="uagb-timeline-desc-content">Reign of Gordian I & Gordian II</p><div class="uagb-timeline__arrow"></div></div></div><div class="uagb-timeline__date-new"></div></article> <article class="wp-block-uagb-content-timeline-child uagb-timeline__field uagb-timeline-child-fe0a0b72-0dc8-4ed2-9ae4-122e5b85c14f uagb-timeline__left uagb-timeline__field-wrap"><div class="uagb-timeline__marker out-view-uagb-timeline__icon"><svg xmlns="" viewBox="0 0 256 512"></svg></div><div class="uagb-timeline__day-new uagb-timeline__day-left uagb-timeline__events-inner-new"><div class="uagb-timeline__events-inner--content"><h6 class="uagb-timeline__heading">AD 238</h6><p class="uagb-timeline-desc-content">Reign of Pupienus & Balbinus</p><div class="uagb-timeline__arrow"></div></div></div><div class="uagb-timeline__date-new"></div></article> <article class="wp-block-uagb-content-timeline-child uagb-timeline__field uagb-timeline-child-8da12025-df61-4baa-8b7b-435195ede036 uagb-timeline__right uagb-timeline__field-wrap"><div class="uagb-timeline__marker out-view-uagb-timeline__icon"><svg xmlns="" viewBox="0 0 256 512"></svg></div><div class="uagb-timeline__day-new uagb-timeline__day-right uagb-timeline__events-inner-new"><div class="uagb-timeline__events-inner--content"><h6 class="uagb-timeline__heading">AD 238 – 244</h6><p class="uagb-timeline-desc-content">Reign of Gordian III</p><div class="uagb-timeline__arrow"></div></div></div><div class="uagb-timeline__date-new"></div></article> <article class="wp-block-uagb-content-timeline-child uagb-timeline__field uagb-timeline-child-5257246b-ac08-407f-b736-6022f87ba140 uagb-timeline__left uagb-timeline__field-wrap"><div class="uagb-timeline__marker out-view-uagb-timeline__icon"><svg xmlns="" viewBox="0 0 256 512"></svg></div><div class="uagb-timeline__day-new uagb-timeline__day-left uagb-timeline__events-inner-new"><div class="uagb-timeline__events-inner--content"><h6 class="uagb-timeline__heading">AD 244 – 249</h6><p class="uagb-timeline-desc-content">Reign of Phillippus Arabs</p><div class="uagb-timeline__arrow"></div></div></div><div class="uagb-timeline__date-new"></div></article> <article class="wp-block-uagb-content-timeline-child uagb-timeline__field uagb-timeline-child-1991bfba-d2a5-4d55-8452-64f42d2e9888 uagb-timeline__right uagb-timeline__field-wrap"><div class="uagb-timeline__marker out-view-uagb-timeline__icon"><svg xmlns="" viewBox="0 0 256 512"></svg></div><div class="uagb-timeline__day-new uagb-timeline__day-right uagb-timeline__events-inner-new"><div class="uagb-timeline__events-inner--content"><h6 class="uagb-timeline__heading">AD 249 – 251</h6><p class="uagb-timeline-desc-content">Reign of Decius</p><div class="uagb-timeline__arrow"></div></div></div><div class="uagb-timeline__date-new"></div></article> <article class="wp-block-uagb-content-timeline-child uagb-timeline__field uagb-timeline-child-18e04fbc-7e5e-4139-9099-f5e516aec838 uagb-timeline__left uagb-timeline__field-wrap"><div class="uagb-timeline__marker out-view-uagb-timeline__icon"><svg xmlns="" viewBox="0 0 256 512"></svg></div><div class="uagb-timeline__day-new uagb-timeline__day-left uagb-timeline__events-inner-new"><div class="uagb-timeline__events-inner--content"><h6 class="uagb-timeline__heading">AD 251 – 253</h6><p class="uagb-timeline-desc-content">Reign of Trebonianus Gallus</p><div class="uagb-timeline__arrow"></div></div></div><div class="uagb-timeline__date-new"></div></article> <article class="wp-block-uagb-content-timeline-child uagb-timeline__field uagb-timeline-child-ec8aecd4-ff43-4dc6-b5a1-4029411185e4 uagb-timeline__right uagb-timeline__field-wrap"><div class="uagb-timeline__marker out-view-uagb-timeline__icon"><svg xmlns="" viewBox="0 0 256 512"></svg></div><div class="uagb-timeline__day-new uagb-timeline__day-right uagb-timeline__events-inner-new"><div class="uagb-timeline__events-inner--content"><h6 class="uagb-timeline__heading">AD 253</h6><p class="uagb-timeline-desc-content">Reign of Aemilius Aemilianus</p><div class="uagb-timeline__arrow"></div></div></div><div class="uagb-timeline__date-new"></div></article> <article class="wp-block-uagb-content-timeline-child uagb-timeline__field uagb-timeline-child-f0931059-ff68-42e0-ab93-de3d63e27a9e uagb-timeline__left uagb-timeline__field-wrap"><div class="uagb-timeline__marker out-view-uagb-timeline__icon"><svg xmlns="" viewBox="0 0 256 512"></svg></div><div class="uagb-timeline__day-new uagb-timeline__day-left uagb-timeline__events-inner-new"><div class="uagb-timeline__events-inner--content"><h6 class="uagb-timeline__heading">AD 253 – 260</h6><p class="uagb-timeline-desc-content">Reign of Valerian<br><br>Gallic Empire splits off after death of Valerian</p><div class="uagb-timeline__arrow"></div></div></div><div class="uagb-timeline__date-new"></div></article> <article class="wp-block-uagb-content-timeline-child uagb-timeline__field uagb-timeline-child-69c36a1d-80a8-4e7c-9d8b-b739964614b3 uagb-timeline__right uagb-timeline__field-wrap"><div class="uagb-timeline__marker out-view-uagb-timeline__icon"><svg xmlns="" viewBox="0 0 256 512"></svg></div><div class="uagb-timeline__day-new uagb-timeline__day-right uagb-timeline__events-inner-new"><div class="uagb-timeline__events-inner--content"><h6 class="uagb-timeline__heading">Roman Empire</h6><p class="uagb-timeline-desc-content"><br><strong>AD 253 – 268<br></strong>Reign of Gallienus<br><br><meta charset="utf-8"><strong>AD 268 – 270<br></strong><meta charset="utf-8">Reign of Claudius II <br><br><meta charset="utf-8"><strong>AD 270<br></strong><meta charset="utf-8">Reign of Quintillus<br><br><meta charset="utf-8"><strong>AD 270 – 275<br></strong><meta charset="utf-8">Reign of Aurelian</p><div class="uagb-timeline__arrow"></div></div></div><div class="uagb-timeline__date-new"></div></article> <article class="wp-block-uagb-content-timeline-child uagb-timeline__field uagb-timeline-child-7f99743c-b46d-455a-9aca-23db676cdda3 uagb-timeline__left uagb-timeline__field-wrap"><div class="uagb-timeline__marker out-view-uagb-timeline__icon"><svg xmlns="" viewBox="0 0 256 512"></svg></div><div class="uagb-timeline__day-new uagb-timeline__day-left uagb-timeline__events-inner-new"><div class="uagb-timeline__events-inner--content"><h6 class="uagb-timeline__heading">Gallic Empire</h6><p class="uagb-timeline-desc-content"><meta charset="utf-8"><br><strong>AD 260 – 269<br></strong>Reign of Postumus<br><br><meta charset="utf-8"><strong>AD 269<br></strong><meta charset="utf-8">Reign of Laelianus<br><br><meta charset="utf-8"><strong>AD 269<br></strong><meta charset="utf-8">Reign of Marius<br><br><meta charset="utf-8"><strong>AD 269 – 271<br></strong><meta charset="utf-8">Reign of Victorinus<br><br><meta charset="utf-8"><strong>AD 271 <br></strong><meta charset="utf-8">Reign of Domitianus<br><br><meta charset="utf-8"><strong>AD 271 – 274<br></strong><meta charset="utf-8">Reign of Tetricus</p><div class="uagb-timeline__arrow"></div></div></div><div class="uagb-timeline__date-new"></div></article> <article class="wp-block-uagb-content-timeline-child uagb-timeline__field uagb-timeline-child-df8531c4-a239-4c9c-9561-e7793e007f80 uagb-timeline__right uagb-timeline__field-wrap"><div class="uagb-timeline__marker out-view-uagb-timeline__icon"><svg xmlns="" viewBox="0 0 256 512"></svg></div><div class="uagb-timeline__day-new uagb-timeline__day-right uagb-timeline__events-inner-new"><div class="uagb-timeline__events-inner--content"><h6 class="uagb-timeline__heading">AD 275 – 276</h6><p class="uagb-timeline-desc-content">Empire is reunited<br><br>Reign of Tacitus</p><div class="uagb-timeline__arrow"></div></div></div><div class="uagb-timeline__date-new"></div></article> <article class="wp-block-uagb-content-timeline-child uagb-timeline__field uagb-timeline-child-3fc000df-cc00-43ba-b909-59964f149465 uagb-timeline__left uagb-timeline__field-wrap"><div class="uagb-timeline__marker out-view-uagb-timeline__icon"><svg xmlns="" viewBox="0 0 256 512"></svg></div><div class="uagb-timeline__day-new uagb-timeline__day-left uagb-timeline__events-inner-new"><div class="uagb-timeline__events-inner--content"><h6 class="uagb-timeline__heading">AD 276</h6><p class="uagb-timeline-desc-content">Reign of Florianus</p><div class="uagb-timeline__arrow"></div></div></div><div class="uagb-timeline__date-new"></div></article> <article class="wp-block-uagb-content-timeline-child uagb-timeline__field uagb-timeline-child-1500cf48-7f11-42f7-8510-6f940373f21a uagb-timeline__right uagb-timeline__field-wrap"><div class="uagb-timeline__marker out-view-uagb-timeline__icon"><svg xmlns="" viewBox="0 0 256 512"></svg></div><div class="uagb-timeline__day-new uagb-timeline__day-right uagb-timeline__events-inner-new"><div class="uagb-timeline__events-inner--content"><h6 class="uagb-timeline__heading">AD 276 – 282</h6><p class="uagb-timeline-desc-content">Reign of Probus</p><div class="uagb-timeline__arrow"></div></div></div><div class="uagb-timeline__date-new"></div></article> <article class="wp-block-uagb-content-timeline-child uagb-timeline__field uagb-timeline-child-1351a511-caf1-42a0-ba89-8858cb397470 uagb-timeline__left uagb-timeline__field-wrap"><div class="uagb-timeline__marker out-view-uagb-timeline__icon"><svg xmlns="" viewBox="0 0 256 512"></svg></div><div class="uagb-timeline__day-new uagb-timeline__day-left uagb-timeline__events-inner-new"><div class="uagb-timeline__events-inner--content"><h6 class="uagb-timeline__heading">AD 282 – 283</h6><p class="uagb-timeline-desc-content">Reign of Carus</p><div class="uagb-timeline__arrow"></div></div></div><div class="uagb-timeline__date-new"></div></article> <article class="wp-block-uagb-content-timeline-child uagb-timeline__field uagb-timeline-child-ad47f0dc-f665-47d2-b8e0-2be6096a06da uagb-timeline__right uagb-timeline__field-wrap"><div class="uagb-timeline__marker out-view-uagb-timeline__icon"><svg xmlns="https://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path d="M160 32V64H288V32C288 14.33 302.3 0 320 0C337.7 0 352 14.33 352 32V64H400C426.5 64 448 85.49 448 112V160H0V112C0 85.49 21.49 64 48 64H96V32C96 14.33 110.3 0 128 0C145.7 0 160 14.33 160 32zM0 192H448V464C448 490.5 426.5 512 400 512H48C21.49 512 0 490.5 0 464V192zM64 304C64 312.8 71.16 320 80 320H112C120.8 320 128 312.8 128 304V272C128 263.2 120.8 256 112 256H80C71.16 256 64 263.2 64 272V304zM192 304C192 312.8 199.2 320 208 320H240C248.8 320 256 312.8 256 304V272C256 263.2 248.8 256 240 256H208C199.2 256 192 263.2 192 272V304zM336 256C327.2 256 320 263.2 320 272V304C320 312.8 327.2 320 336 320H368C376.8 320 384 312.8 384 304V272C384 263.2 376.8 256 368 256H336zM64 432C64 440.8 71.16 448 80 448H112C120.8 448 128 440.8 128 432V400C128 391.2 120.8 384 112 384H80C71.16 384 64 391.2 64 400V432zM208 384C199.2 384 192 391.2 192 400V432C192 440.8 199.2 448 208 448H240C248.8 448 256 440.8 256 432V400C256 391.2 248.8 384 240 384H208zM320 432C320 440.8 327.2 448 336 448H368C376.8 448 384 440.8 384 432V400C384 391.2 376.8 384 368 384H336C327.2 384 320 391.2 320 400V432z"></path></svg></div><div class="uagb-timeline__day-new uagb-timeline__day-right uagb-timeline__events-inner-new"><div class="uagb-timeline__events-inner--content"><h6 class="uagb-timeline__heading">AD 283 – 284</h6><p class="uagb-timeline-desc-content">Reign of Numerian</p><div class="uagb-timeline__arrow"></div></div></div><div class="uagb-timeline__date-new"></div></article> <article class="wp-block-uagb-content-timeline-child uagb-timeline__field uagb-timeline-child-8f16ab6e-a2e3-4e1f-94a2-bf68adf3b436 uagb-timeline__left uagb-timeline__field-wrap"><div class="uagb-timeline__marker out-view-uagb-timeline__icon"><svg xmlns="https://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path d="M160 32V64H288V32C288 14.33 302.3 0 320 0C337.7 0 352 14.33 352 32V64H400C426.5 64 448 85.49 448 112V160H0V112C0 85.49 21.49 64 48 64H96V32C96 14.33 110.3 0 128 0C145.7 0 160 14.33 160 32zM0 192H448V464C448 490.5 426.5 512 400 512H48C21.49 512 0 490.5 0 464V192zM64 304C64 312.8 71.16 320 80 320H112C120.8 320 128 312.8 128 304V272C128 263.2 120.8 256 112 256H80C71.16 256 64 263.2 64 272V304zM192 304C192 312.8 199.2 320 208 320H240C248.8 320 256 312.8 256 304V272C256 263.2 248.8 256 240 256H208C199.2 256 192 263.2 192 272V304zM336 256C327.2 256 320 263.2 320 272V304C320 312.8 327.2 320 336 320H368C376.8 320 384 312.8 384 304V272C384 263.2 376.8 256 368 256H336zM64 432C64 440.8 71.16 448 80 448H112C120.8 448 128 440.8 128 432V400C128 391.2 120.8 384 112 384H80C71.16 384 64 391.2 64 400V432zM208 384C199.2 384 192 391.2 192 400V432C192 440.8 199.2 448 208 448H240C248.8 448 256 440.8 256 432V400C256 391.2 248.8 384 240 384H208zM320 432C320 440.8 327.2 448 336 448H368C376.8 448 384 440.8 384 432V400C384 391.2 376.8 384 368 384H336C327.2 384 320 391.2 320 400V432z"></path></svg></div><div class="uagb-timeline__day-new uagb-timeline__day-left uagb-timeline__events-inner-new"><div class="uagb-timeline__events-inner--content"><h6 class="uagb-timeline__heading">AD 283 – 285</h6><p class="uagb-timeline-desc-content">Reign of Carinus</p><div class="uagb-timeline__arrow"></div></div></div><div class="uagb-timeline__date-new"></div></article> <article class="wp-block-uagb-content-timeline-child uagb-timeline__field uagb-timeline-child-490161e6-e8ce-4360-a2c6-0fb41774c6b3 uagb-timeline__right uagb-timeline__field-wrap"><div class="uagb-timeline__marker out-view-uagb-timeline__icon"><svg xmlns="https://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path d="M160 32V64H288V32C288 14.33 302.3 0 320 0C337.7 0 352 14.33 352 32V64H400C426.5 64 448 85.49 448 112V160H0V112C0 85.49 21.49 64 48 64H96V32C96 14.33 110.3 0 128 0C145.7 0 160 14.33 160 32zM0 192H448V464C448 490.5 426.5 512 400 512H48C21.49 512 0 490.5 0 464V192zM64 304C64 312.8 71.16 320 80 320H112C120.8 320 128 312.8 128 304V272C128 263.2 120.8 256 112 256H80C71.16 256 64 263.2 64 272V304zM192 304C192 312.8 199.2 320 208 320H240C248.8 320 256 312.8 256 304V272C256 263.2 248.8 256 240 256H208C199.2 256 192 263.2 192 272V304zM336 256C327.2 256 320 263.2 320 272V304C320 312.8 327.2 320 336 320H368C376.8 320 384 312.8 384 304V272C384 263.2 376.8 256 368 256H336zM64 432C64 440.8 71.16 448 80 448H112C120.8 448 128 440.8 128 432V400C128 391.2 120.8 384 112 384H80C71.16 384 64 391.2 64 400V432zM208 384C199.2 384 192 391.2 192 400V432C192 440.8 199.2 448 208 448H240C248.8 448 256 440.8 256 432V400C256 391.2 248.8 384 240 384H208zM320 432C320 440.8 327.2 448 336 448H368C376.8 448 384 440.8 384 432V400C384 391.2 376.8 384 368 384H336C327.2 384 320 391.2 320 400V432z"></path></svg></div><div class="uagb-timeline__day-new uagb-timeline__day-right uagb-timeline__events-inner-new"><div class="uagb-timeline__events-inner--content"><h6 class="uagb-timeline__heading">AD 284 – 286</h6><p class="uagb-timeline-desc-content">Reign of Diocletian<br><br>Empire splits East & West</p><div class="uagb-timeline__arrow"></div></div></div><div class="uagb-timeline__date-new"></div></article> <article class="wp-block-uagb-content-timeline-child uagb-timeline__field uagb-timeline-child-e1d07f82-913e-4c02-95d6-1bb8f809728f uagb-timeline__left uagb-timeline__field-wrap"><div class="uagb-timeline__marker out-view-uagb-timeline__icon"><svg xmlns="https://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path d="M160 32V64H288V32C288 14.33 302.3 0 320 0C337.7 0 352 14.33 352 32V64H400C426.5 64 448 85.49 448 112V160H0V112C0 85.49 21.49 64 48 64H96V32C96 14.33 110.3 0 128 0C145.7 0 160 14.33 160 32zM0 192H448V464C448 490.5 426.5 512 400 512H48C21.49 512 0 490.5 0 464V192zM64 304C64 312.8 71.16 320 80 320H112C120.8 320 128 312.8 128 304V272C128 263.2 120.8 256 112 256H80C71.16 256 64 263.2 64 272V304zM192 304C192 312.8 199.2 320 208 320H240C248.8 320 256 312.8 256 304V272C256 263.2 248.8 256 240 256H208C199.2 256 192 263.2 192 272V304zM336 256C327.2 256 320 263.2 320 272V304C320 312.8 327.2 320 336 320H368C376.8 320 384 312.8 384 304V272C384 263.2 376.8 256 368 256H336zM64 432C64 440.8 71.16 448 80 448H112C120.8 448 128 440.8 128 432V400C128 391.2 120.8 384 112 384H80C71.16 384 64 391.2 64 400V432zM208 384C199.2 384 192 391.2 192 400V432C192 440.8 199.2 448 208 448H240C248.8 448 256 440.8 256 432V400C256 391.2 248.8 384 240 384H208zM320 432C320 440.8 327.2 448 336 448H368C376.8 448 384 440.8 384 432V400C384 391.2 376.8 384 368 384H336C327.2 384 320 391.2 320 400V432z"></path></svg></div><div class="uagb-timeline__day-new uagb-timeline__day-left uagb-timeline__events-inner-new"><div class="uagb-timeline__events-inner--content"><h6 class="uagb-timeline__heading">Eastern Empire</h6><p class="uagb-timeline-desc-content"><br><strong>AD 286 – 305<br></strong>Reign of Diocletian<br><br><meta charset="utf-8"><strong>AD 305 – 311<br></strong><meta charset="utf-8">Reign of Galerius<br><br><meta charset="utf-8"><strong>AD 308 – 324<br></strong><meta charset="utf-8">Reign of Licinius<br><br><strong>AD 310 – 313<br></strong>Reign of Maximinus Daia</p><div class="uagb-timeline__arrow"></div></div></div><div class="uagb-timeline__date-new"></div></article> <article class="wp-block-uagb-content-timeline-child uagb-timeline__field uagb-timeline-child-5c7304dd-10ee-4f77-bfa3-58ac9704b3f4 uagb-timeline__right uagb-timeline__field-wrap"><div class="uagb-timeline__marker out-view-uagb-timeline__icon"><svg xmlns="https://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path d="M160 32V64H288V32C288 14.33 302.3 0 320 0C337.7 0 352 14.33 352 32V64H400C426.5 64 448 85.49 448 112V160H0V112C0 85.49 21.49 64 48 64H96V32C96 14.33 110.3 0 128 0C145.7 0 160 14.33 160 32zM0 192H448V464C448 490.5 426.5 512 400 512H48C21.49 512 0 490.5 0 464V192zM64 304C64 312.8 71.16 320 80 320H112C120.8 320 128 312.8 128 304V272C128 263.2 120.8 256 112 256H80C71.16 256 64 263.2 64 272V304zM192 304C192 312.8 199.2 320 208 320H240C248.8 320 256 312.8 256 304V272C256 263.2 248.8 256 240 256H208C199.2 256 192 263.2 192 272V304zM336 256C327.2 256 320 263.2 320 272V304C320 312.8 327.2 320 336 320H368C376.8 320 384 312.8 384 304V272C384 263.2 376.8 256 368 256H336zM64 432C64 440.8 71.16 448 80 448H112C120.8 448 128 440.8 128 432V400C128 391.2 120.8 384 112 384H80C71.16 384 64 391.2 64 400V432zM208 384C199.2 384 192 391.2 192 400V432C192 440.8 199.2 448 208 448H240C248.8 448 256 440.8 256 432V400C256 391.2 248.8 384 240 384H208zM320 432C320 440.8 327.2 448 336 448H368C376.8 448 384 440.8 384 432V400C384 391.2 376.8 384 368 384H336C327.2 384 320 391.2 320 400V432z"></path></svg></div><div class="uagb-timeline__day-new uagb-timeline__day-right uagb-timeline__events-inner-new"><div class="uagb-timeline__events-inner--content"><h6 class="uagb-timeline__heading">Western Empire</h6><p class="uagb-timeline-desc-content"><br><strong>AD 286 – 305<br></strong>Reign of Maximian<br><br><meta charset="utf-8"><strong>AD 305 – 306<br></strong><meta charset="utf-8">Reign of Constantius I<br><br><meta charset="utf-8"><strong>AD 306 – 307<br></strong><meta charset="utf-8">Reign of Severus II<br><br><meta charset="utf-8"><strong>AD 306 – 312<br></strong><meta charset="utf-8">Reign of Maxentius<br><br><meta charset="utf-8"><strong>AD 307 – 308<br></strong><meta charset="utf-8">Reign of Maximian (returned)<br><br><meta charset="utf-8"><strong>AD 307 – 337<br></strong><meta charset="utf-8">Reign of Constantine</p><div class="uagb-timeline__arrow"></div></div></div><div class="uagb-timeline__date-new"></div></article> <article class="wp-block-uagb-content-timeline-child uagb-timeline__field uagb-timeline-child-72d805dd-26c0-46c2-bfb5-48b2d2880566 uagb-timeline__left uagb-timeline__field-wrap"><div class="uagb-timeline__marker out-view-uagb-timeline__icon"><svg xmlns="https://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path d="M160 32V64H288V32C288 14.33 302.3 0 320 0C337.7 0 352 14.33 352 32V64H400C426.5 64 448 85.49 448 112V160H0V112C0 85.49 21.49 64 48 64H96V32C96 14.33 110.3 0 128 0C145.7 0 160 14.33 160 32zM0 192H448V464C448 490.5 426.5 512 400 512H48C21.49 512 0 490.5 0 464V192zM64 304C64 312.8 71.16 320 80 320H112C120.8 320 128 312.8 128 304V272C128 263.2 120.8 256 112 256H80C71.16 256 64 263.2 64 272V304zM192 304C192 312.8 199.2 320 208 320H240C248.8 320 256 312.8 256 304V272C256 263.2 248.8 256 240 256H208C199.2 256 192 263.2 192 272V304zM336 256C327.2 256 320 263.2 320 272V304C320 312.8 327.2 320 336 320H368C376.8 320 384 312.8 384 304V272C384 263.2 376.8 256 368 256H336zM64 432C64 440.8 71.16 448 80 448H112C120.8 448 128 440.8 128 432V400C128 391.2 120.8 384 112 384H80C71.16 384 64 391.2 64 400V432zM208 384C199.2 384 192 391.2 192 400V432C192 440.8 199.2 448 208 448H240C248.8 448 256 440.8 256 432V400C256 391.2 248.8 384 240 384H208zM320 432C320 440.8 327.2 448 336 448H368C376.8 448 384 440.8 384 432V400C384 391.2 376.8 384 368 384H336C327.2 384 320 391.2 320 400V432z"></path></svg></div><div class="uagb-timeline__day-new uagb-timeline__day-left uagb-timeline__events-inner-new"><div class="uagb-timeline__events-inner--content"><h6 class="uagb-timeline__heading">AD 324</h6><p class="uagb-timeline-desc-content">Empire is reunited after Constantine defeats Licinius.<br><br>Renames Byzantium “New Rome”</p><div class="uagb-timeline__arrow"></div></div></div><div class="uagb-timeline__date-new"></div></article> <article class="wp-block-uagb-content-timeline-child uagb-timeline__field uagb-timeline-child-89fd9ce1-ba3f-40ff-88f9-5eb53ee02208 uagb-timeline__right uagb-timeline__field-wrap"><div class="uagb-timeline__marker out-view-uagb-timeline__icon"><svg xmlns="https://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path d="M160 32V64H288V32C288 14.33 302.3 0 320 0C337.7 0 352 14.33 352 32V64H400C426.5 64 448 85.49 448 112V160H0V112C0 85.49 21.49 64 48 64H96V32C96 14.33 110.3 0 128 0C145.7 0 160 14.33 160 32zM0 192H448V464C448 490.5 426.5 512 400 512H48C21.49 512 0 490.5 0 464V192zM64 304C64 312.8 71.16 320 80 320H112C120.8 320 128 312.8 128 304V272C128 263.2 120.8 256 112 256H80C71.16 256 64 263.2 64 272V304zM192 304C192 312.8 199.2 320 208 320H240C248.8 320 256 312.8 256 304V272C256 263.2 248.8 256 240 256H208C199.2 256 192 263.2 192 272V304zM336 256C327.2 256 320 263.2 320 272V304C320 312.8 327.2 320 336 320H368C376.8 320 384 312.8 384 304V272C384 263.2 376.8 256 368 256H336zM64 432C64 440.8 71.16 448 80 448H112C120.8 448 128 440.8 128 432V400C128 391.2 120.8 384 112 384H80C71.16 384 64 391.2 64 400V432zM208 384C199.2 384 192 391.2 192 400V432C192 440.8 199.2 448 208 448H240C248.8 448 256 440.8 256 432V400C256 391.2 248.8 384 240 384H208zM320 432C320 440.8 327.2 448 336 448H368C376.8 448 384 440.8 384 432V400C384 391.2 376.8 384 368 384H336C327.2 384 320 391.2 320 400V432z"></path></svg></div><div class="uagb-timeline__day-new uagb-timeline__day-right uagb-timeline__events-inner-new"><div class="uagb-timeline__events-inner--content"><h6 class="uagb-timeline__heading">AD 330</h6><p class="uagb-timeline-desc-content">Byzantium renamed to “Constantinople”</p><div class="uagb-timeline__arrow"></div></div></div><div class="uagb-timeline__date-new"></div></article> <article class="wp-block-uagb-content-timeline-child uagb-timeline__field uagb-timeline-child-05164483-e431-4246-97cc-7e7b0e5e61c2 uagb-timeline__left uagb-timeline__field-wrap"><div class="uagb-timeline__marker out-view-uagb-timeline__icon"><svg xmlns="https://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path d="M160 32V64H288V32C288 14.33 302.3 0 320 0C337.7 0 352 14.33 352 32V64H400C426.5 64 448 85.49 448 112V160H0V112C0 85.49 21.49 64 48 64H96V32C96 14.33 110.3 0 128 0C145.7 0 160 14.33 160 32zM0 192H448V464C448 490.5 426.5 512 400 512H48C21.49 512 0 490.5 0 464V192zM64 304C64 312.8 71.16 320 80 320H112C120.8 320 128 312.8 128 304V272C128 263.2 120.8 256 112 256H80C71.16 256 64 263.2 64 272V304zM192 304C192 312.8 199.2 320 208 320H240C248.8 320 256 312.8 256 304V272C256 263.2 248.8 256 240 256H208C199.2 256 192 263.2 192 272V304zM336 256C327.2 256 320 263.2 320 272V304C320 312.8 327.2 320 336 320H368C376.8 320 384 312.8 384 304V272C384 263.2 376.8 256 368 256H336zM64 432C64 440.8 71.16 448 80 448H112C120.8 448 128 440.8 128 432V400C128 391.2 120.8 384 112 384H80C71.16 384 64 391.2 64 400V432zM208 384C199.2 384 192 391.2 192 400V432C192 440.8 199.2 448 208 448H240C248.8 448 256 440.8 256 432V400C256 391.2 248.8 384 240 384H208zM320 432C320 440.8 327.2 448 336 448H368C376.8 448 384 440.8 384 432V400C384 391.2 376.8 384 368 384H336C327.2 384 320 391.2 320 400V432z"></path></svg></div><div class="uagb-timeline__day-new uagb-timeline__day-left uagb-timeline__events-inner-new"><div class="uagb-timeline__events-inner--content"><h6 class="uagb-timeline__heading">AD 337 – 340</h6><p class="uagb-timeline-desc-content">Reign of Constantine II</p><div class="uagb-timeline__arrow"></div></div></div><div class="uagb-timeline__date-new"></div></article> <article class="wp-block-uagb-content-timeline-child uagb-timeline__field uagb-timeline-child-54a8bec3-04ad-4e91-9c05-cd507561204c uagb-timeline__right uagb-timeline__field-wrap"><div class="uagb-timeline__marker out-view-uagb-timeline__icon"><svg xmlns="https://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path d="M160 32V64H288V32C288 14.33 302.3 0 320 0C337.7 0 352 14.33 352 32V64H400C426.5 64 448 85.49 448 112V160H0V112C0 85.49 21.49 64 48 64H96V32C96 14.33 110.3 0 128 0C145.7 0 160 14.33 160 32zM0 192H448V464C448 490.5 426.5 512 400 512H48C21.49 512 0 490.5 0 464V192zM64 304C64 312.8 71.16 320 80 320H112C120.8 320 128 312.8 128 304V272C128 263.2 120.8 256 112 256H80C71.16 256 64 263.2 64 272V304zM192 304C192 312.8 199.2 320 208 320H240C248.8 320 256 312.8 256 304V272C256 263.2 248.8 256 240 256H208C199.2 256 192 263.2 192 272V304zM336 256C327.2 256 320 263.2 320 272V304C320 312.8 327.2 320 336 320H368C376.8 320 384 312.8 384 304V272C384 263.2 376.8 256 368 256H336zM64 432C64 440.8 71.16 448 80 448H112C120.8 448 128 440.8 128 432V400C128 391.2 120.8 384 112 384H80C71.16 384 64 391.2 64 400V432zM208 384C199.2 384 192 391.2 192 400V432C192 440.8 199.2 448 208 448H240C248.8 448 256 440.8 256 432V400C256 391.2 248.8 384 240 384H208zM320 432C320 440.8 327.2 448 336 448H368C376.8 448 384 440.8 384 432V400C384 391.2 376.8 384 368 384H336C327.2 384 320 391.2 320 400V432z"></path></svg></div><div class="uagb-timeline__day-new uagb-timeline__day-right uagb-timeline__events-inner-new"><div class="uagb-timeline__events-inner--content"><h6 class="uagb-timeline__heading">AD 337 – 350</h6><p class="uagb-timeline-desc-content">Reign of Constans</p><div class="uagb-timeline__arrow"></div></div></div><div class="uagb-timeline__date-new"></div></article> <article class="wp-block-uagb-content-timeline-child uagb-timeline__field uagb-timeline-child-554ece07-86c0-40eb-8922-db04200e5946 uagb-timeline__left uagb-timeline__field-wrap"><div class="uagb-timeline__marker out-view-uagb-timeline__icon"><svg xmlns="https://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path d="M160 32V64H288V32C288 14.33 302.3 0 320 0C337.7 0 352 14.33 352 32V64H400C426.5 64 448 85.49 448 112V160H0V112C0 85.49 21.49 64 48 64H96V32C96 14.33 110.3 0 128 0C145.7 0 160 14.33 160 32zM0 192H448V464C448 490.5 426.5 512 400 512H48C21.49 512 0 490.5 0 464V192zM64 304C64 312.8 71.16 320 80 320H112C120.8 320 128 312.8 128 304V272C128 263.2 120.8 256 112 256H80C71.16 256 64 263.2 64 272V304zM192 304C192 312.8 199.2 320 208 320H240C248.8 320 256 312.8 256 304V272C256 263.2 248.8 256 240 256H208C199.2 256 192 263.2 192 272V304zM336 256C327.2 256 320 263.2 320 272V304C320 312.8 327.2 320 336 320H368C376.8 320 384 312.8 384 304V272C384 263.2 376.8 256 368 256H336zM64 432C64 440.8 71.16 448 80 448H112C120.8 448 128 440.8 128 432V400C128 391.2 120.8 384 112 384H80C71.16 384 64 391.2 64 400V432zM208 384C199.2 384 192 391.2 192 400V432C192 440.8 199.2 448 208 448H240C248.8 448 256 440.8 256 432V400C256 391.2 248.8 384 240 384H208zM320 432C320 440.8 327.2 448 336 448H368C376.8 448 384 440.8 384 432V400C384 391.2 376.8 384 368 384H336C327.2 384 320 391.2 320 400V432z"></path></svg></div><div class="uagb-timeline__day-new uagb-timeline__day-left uagb-timeline__events-inner-new"><div class="uagb-timeline__events-inner--content"><h6 class="uagb-timeline__heading">AD 337 – 361</h6><p class="uagb-timeline-desc-content">Reign of Constantius II</p><div class="uagb-timeline__arrow"></div></div></div><div class="uagb-timeline__date-new"></div></article> <article class="wp-block-uagb-content-timeline-child uagb-timeline__field uagb-timeline-child-47709163-164c-46d9-b7e9-24807dcfda1d uagb-timeline__right uagb-timeline__field-wrap"><div class="uagb-timeline__marker out-view-uagb-timeline__icon"><svg xmlns="https://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path d="M160 32V64H288V32C288 14.33 302.3 0 320 0C337.7 0 352 14.33 352 32V64H400C426.5 64 448 85.49 448 112V160H0V112C0 85.49 21.49 64 48 64H96V32C96 14.33 110.3 0 128 0C145.7 0 160 14.33 160 32zM0 192H448V464C448 490.5 426.5 512 400 512H48C21.49 512 0 490.5 0 464V192zM64 304C64 312.8 71.16 320 80 320H112C120.8 320 128 312.8 128 304V272C128 263.2 120.8 256 112 256H80C71.16 256 64 263.2 64 272V304zM192 304C192 312.8 199.2 320 208 320H240C248.8 320 256 312.8 256 304V272C256 263.2 248.8 256 240 256H208C199.2 256 192 263.2 192 272V304zM336 256C327.2 256 320 263.2 320 272V304C320 312.8 327.2 320 336 320H368C376.8 320 384 312.8 384 304V272C384 263.2 376.8 256 368 256H336zM64 432C64 440.8 71.16 448 80 448H112C120.8 448 128 440.8 128 432V400C128 391.2 120.8 384 112 384H80C71.16 384 64 391.2 64 400V432zM208 384C199.2 384 192 391.2 192 400V432C192 440.8 199.2 448 208 448H240C248.8 448 256 440.8 256 432V400C256 391.2 248.8 384 240 384H208zM320 432C320 440.8 327.2 448 336 448H368C376.8 448 384 440.8 384 432V400C384 391.2 376.8 384 368 384H336C327.2 384 320 391.2 320 400V432z"></path></svg></div><div class="uagb-timeline__day-new uagb-timeline__day-right uagb-timeline__events-inner-new"><div class="uagb-timeline__events-inner--content"><h6 class="uagb-timeline__heading">AD 360 – 363</h6><p class="uagb-timeline-desc-content">Reign of Julian</p><div class="uagb-timeline__arrow"></div></div></div><div class="uagb-timeline__date-new"></div></article> <article class="wp-block-uagb-content-timeline-child uagb-timeline__field uagb-timeline-child-3f568073-2ae3-4bdd-9e6a-9dc8022f5550 uagb-timeline__left uagb-timeline__field-wrap"><div class="uagb-timeline__marker out-view-uagb-timeline__icon"><svg xmlns="https://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path d="M160 32V64H288V32C288 14.33 302.3 0 320 0C337.7 0 352 14.33 352 32V64H400C426.5 64 448 85.49 448 112V160H0V112C0 85.49 21.49 64 48 64H96V32C96 14.33 110.3 0 128 0C145.7 0 160 14.33 160 32zM0 192H448V464C448 490.5 426.5 512 400 512H48C21.49 512 0 490.5 0 464V192zM64 304C64 312.8 71.16 320 80 320H112C120.8 320 128 312.8 128 304V272C128 263.2 120.8 256 112 256H80C71.16 256 64 263.2 64 272V304zM192 304C192 312.8 199.2 320 208 320H240C248.8 320 256 312.8 256 304V272C256 263.2 248.8 256 240 256H208C199.2 256 192 263.2 192 272V304zM336 256C327.2 256 320 263.2 320 272V304C320 312.8 327.2 320 336 320H368C376.8 320 384 312.8 384 304V272C384 263.2 376.8 256 368 256H336zM64 432C64 440.8 71.16 448 80 448H112C120.8 448 128 440.8 128 432V400C128 391.2 120.8 384 112 384H80C71.16 384 64 391.2 64 400V432zM208 384C199.2 384 192 391.2 192 400V432C192 440.8 199.2 448 208 448H240C248.8 448 256 440.8 256 432V400C256 391.2 248.8 384 240 384H208zM320 432C320 440.8 327.2 448 336 448H368C376.8 448 384 440.8 384 432V400C384 391.2 376.8 384 368 384H336C327.2 384 320 391.2 320 400V432z"></path></svg></div><div class="uagb-timeline__day-new uagb-timeline__day-left uagb-timeline__events-inner-new"><div class="uagb-timeline__events-inner--content"><h6 class="uagb-timeline__heading">AD 363 – 364</h6><p class="uagb-timeline-desc-content">Reign of Jovian<br><br>After Jovian’s death, the empire splits again</p><div class="uagb-timeline__arrow"></div></div></div><div class="uagb-timeline__date-new"></div></article> <article class="wp-block-uagb-content-timeline-child uagb-timeline__field uagb-timeline-child-5ac68162-56a7-4330-ac10-7ec61880b4e7 uagb-timeline__right uagb-timeline__field-wrap"><div class="uagb-timeline__marker out-view-uagb-timeline__icon"><svg xmlns="https://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path d="M160 32V64H288V32C288 14.33 302.3 0 320 0C337.7 0 352 14.33 352 32V64H400C426.5 64 448 85.49 448 112V160H0V112C0 85.49 21.49 64 48 64H96V32C96 14.33 110.3 0 128 0C145.7 0 160 14.33 160 32zM0 192H448V464C448 490.5 426.5 512 400 512H48C21.49 512 0 490.5 0 464V192zM64 304C64 312.8 71.16 320 80 320H112C120.8 320 128 312.8 128 304V272C128 263.2 120.8 256 112 256H80C71.16 256 64 263.2 64 272V304zM192 304C192 312.8 199.2 320 208 320H240C248.8 320 256 312.8 256 304V272C256 263.2 248.8 256 240 256H208C199.2 256 192 263.2 192 272V304zM336 256C327.2 256 320 263.2 320 272V304C320 312.8 327.2 320 336 320H368C376.8 320 384 312.8 384 304V272C384 263.2 376.8 256 368 256H336zM64 432C64 440.8 71.16 448 80 448H112C120.8 448 128 440.8 128 432V400C128 391.2 120.8 384 112 384H80C71.16 384 64 391.2 64 400V432zM208 384C199.2 384 192 391.2 192 400V432C192 440.8 199.2 448 208 448H240C248.8 448 256 440.8 256 432V400C256 391.2 248.8 384 240 384H208zM320 432C320 440.8 327.2 448 336 448H368C376.8 448 384 440.8 384 432V400C384 391.2 376.8 384 368 384H336C327.2 384 320 391.2 320 400V432z"></path></svg></div><div class="uagb-timeline__day-new uagb-timeline__day-right uagb-timeline__events-inner-new"><div class="uagb-timeline__events-inner--content"><h6 class="uagb-timeline__heading">Eastern Empire</h6><p class="uagb-timeline-desc-content"><br><strong>AD 364 – 378<br></strong>Reign of Valens<br><br><strong>AD 379 – 395</strong><br>Reign of Theodosius<br><br><strong>AD 395 – 408</strong><br>Reign of Arcadius<br><br><strong>AD 408 – 450</strong><br>Reign of Theodosius II<br><br><strong>AD 450 – 457</strong><br>Reign of Marcian<br><br><strong>AD 457 – 474</strong><br>Reign of Leo<br><br><strong>AD 474</strong><br>Reign of Leo II<br><br><strong>AD 474 – 475</strong><br>Reign of Zeno<br><br><strong>AD 475 – 476</strong><br>Reign of Basiliscus</p><div class="uagb-timeline__arrow"></div></div></div><div class="uagb-timeline__date-new"></div></article> <article class="wp-block-uagb-content-timeline-child uagb-timeline__field uagb-timeline-child-c458dc5f-f0fd-4770-91a6-b7b3dda8ab2f uagb-timeline__left uagb-timeline__field-wrap"><div class="uagb-timeline__marker out-view-uagb-timeline__icon"><svg xmlns="https://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path d="M160 32V64H288V32C288 14.33 302.3 0 320 0C337.7 0 352 14.33 352 32V64H400C426.5 64 448 85.49 448 112V160H0V112C0 85.49 21.49 64 48 64H96V32C96 14.33 110.3 0 128 0C145.7 0 160 14.33 160 32zM0 192H448V464C448 490.5 426.5 512 400 512H48C21.49 512 0 490.5 0 464V192zM64 304C64 312.8 71.16 320 80 320H112C120.8 320 128 312.8 128 304V272C128 263.2 120.8 256 112 256H80C71.16 256 64 263.2 64 272V304zM192 304C192 312.8 199.2 320 208 320H240C248.8 320 256 312.8 256 304V272C256 263.2 248.8 256 240 256H208C199.2 256 192 263.2 192 272V304zM336 256C327.2 256 320 263.2 320 272V304C320 312.8 327.2 320 336 320H368C376.8 320 384 312.8 384 304V272C384 263.2 376.8 256 368 256H336zM64 432C64 440.8 71.16 448 80 448H112C120.8 448 128 440.8 128 432V400C128 391.2 120.8 384 112 384H80C71.16 384 64 391.2 64 400V432zM208 384C199.2 384 192 391.2 192 400V432C192 440.8 199.2 448 208 448H240C248.8 448 256 440.8 256 432V400C256 391.2 248.8 384 240 384H208zM320 432C320 440.8 327.2 448 336 448H368C376.8 448 384 440.8 384 432V400C384 391.2 376.8 384 368 384H336C327.2 384 320 391.2 320 400V432z"></path></svg></div><div class="uagb-timeline__day-new uagb-timeline__day-left uagb-timeline__events-inner-new"><div class="uagb-timeline__events-inner--content"><h6 class="uagb-timeline__heading">Western Empire</h6><p class="uagb-timeline-desc-content"><br><strong>AD 364 – 375<br></strong>Reign of Valentinian<br><br><strong>AD 367 – 383</strong><br>Reign of Gratian<br><br><strong>AD 375 – 392</strong><br>Reign of Valentinian II<br><br><strong>AD 392 – 394</strong><br>Reign of Eugenius<br><br><strong>AD 395 – 423</strong><br>Reign of Honorius<br><br><strong>AD 423 – 425</strong><br>Reign of John<br><br><strong>AD 425 – 455</strong><br>Reign of Valentinian III<br><br><strong>AD 455</strong><br>Reign of Petronius Maximus<br><br><strong>AD 455 – 456</strong><br>Reign of Avitus<br><br><strong>AD 457 – 461</strong><br>Reign of Majorian<br><br><strong>AD 461 – 465</strong><br>Reign of Severus III<br><br><strong>AD 467 – 472</strong><br>Reign of Anthemius<br><br><strong>AD 472</strong><br>Alybrius<br><br><strong>AD 473 – 474</strong><br>Reign of Glycerius<br><br><strong>AD 474 – 475</strong><br>Reign of Julius Nepos<br><br><strong>AD 475 – 476</strong><br>Reign of <a href="https://roman-empire.net/collapse/romulus-augustus/" data-type="post" data-id="4798">Romulus Augustus</a></p><div class="uagb-timeline__arrow"></div></div></div><div class="uagb-timeline__date-new"></div></article> <article class="wp-block-uagb-content-timeline-child uagb-timeline__field uagb-timeline-child-2c0d6abc-6fa1-4e9e-ac07-f535199e2edc uagb-timeline__right uagb-timeline__field-wrap"><div class="uagb-timeline__marker out-view-uagb-timeline__icon"><svg xmlns="https://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path d="M160 32V64H288V32C288 14.33 302.3 0 320 0C337.7 0 352 14.33 352 32V64H400C426.5 64 448 85.49 448 112V160H0V112C0 85.49 21.49 64 48 64H96V32C96 14.33 110.3 0 128 0C145.7 0 160 14.33 160 32zM0 192H448V464C448 490.5 426.5 512 400 512H48C21.49 512 0 490.5 0 464V192zM64 304C64 312.8 71.16 320 80 320H112C120.8 320 128 312.8 128 304V272C128 263.2 120.8 256 112 256H80C71.16 256 64 263.2 64 272V304zM192 304C192 312.8 199.2 320 208 320H240C248.8 320 256 312.8 256 304V272C256 263.2 248.8 256 240 256H208C199.2 256 192 263.2 192 272V304zM336 256C327.2 256 320 263.2 320 272V304C320 312.8 327.2 320 336 320H368C376.8 320 384 312.8 384 304V272C384 263.2 376.8 256 368 256H336zM64 432C64 440.8 71.16 448 80 448H112C120.8 448 128 440.8 128 432V400C128 391.2 120.8 384 112 384H80C71.16 384 64 391.2 64 400V432zM208 384C199.2 384 192 391.2 192 400V432C192 440.8 199.2 448 208 448H240C248.8 448 256 440.8 256 432V400C256 391.2 248.8 384 240 384H208zM320 432C320 440.8 327.2 448 336 448H368C376.8 448 384 440.8 384 432V400C384 391.2 376.8 384 368 384H336C327.2 384 320 391.2 320 400V432z"></path></svg></div><div class="uagb-timeline__day-new uagb-timeline__day-right uagb-timeline__events-inner-new"><div class="uagb-timeline__events-inner--content"><h6 class="uagb-timeline__heading">AD 476</h6><p class="uagb-timeline-desc-content"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanic_peoples" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Germanic</a> barbarian king Odoacer conquers Rome and deposes <a href="https://roman-empire.net/people/augustus/" data-type="post" data-id="4400">Romulus Augustus</a>.<br><br>End of western empire.<br><br>Imperial insignia sent to the Eastern Roman Empire</p><div class="uagb-timeline__arrow"></div></div></div><div class="uagb-timeline__date-new"></div></article> <article class="wp-block-uagb-content-timeline-child uagb-timeline__field uagb-timeline-child-5e03c46f-5c54-43a2-baa1-ae1d3862d3b1 uagb-timeline__left uagb-timeline__field-wrap"><div class="uagb-timeline__marker out-view-uagb-timeline__icon"><svg xmlns="https://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path d="M160 32V64H288V32C288 14.33 302.3 0 320 0C337.7 0 352 14.33 352 32V64H400C426.5 64 448 85.49 448 112V160H0V112C0 85.49 21.49 64 48 64H96V32C96 14.33 110.3 0 128 0C145.7 0 160 14.33 160 32zM0 192H448V464C448 490.5 426.5 512 400 512H48C21.49 512 0 490.5 0 464V192zM64 304C64 312.8 71.16 320 80 320H112C120.8 320 128 312.8 128 304V272C128 263.2 120.8 256 112 256H80C71.16 256 64 263.2 64 272V304zM192 304C192 312.8 199.2 320 208 320H240C248.8 320 256 312.8 256 304V272C256 263.2 248.8 256 240 256H208C199.2 256 192 263.2 192 272V304zM336 256C327.2 256 320 263.2 320 272V304C320 312.8 327.2 320 336 320H368C376.8 320 384 312.8 384 304V272C384 263.2 376.8 256 368 256H336zM64 432C64 440.8 71.16 448 80 448H112C120.8 448 128 440.8 128 432V400C128 391.2 120.8 384 112 384H80C71.16 384 64 391.2 64 400V432zM208 384C199.2 384 192 391.2 192 400V432C192 440.8 199.2 448 208 448H240C248.8 448 256 440.8 256 432V400C256 391.2 248.8 384 240 384H208zM320 432C320 440.8 327.2 448 336 448H368C376.8 448 384 440.8 384 432V400C384 391.2 376.8 384 368 384H336C327.2 384 320 391.2 320 400V432z"></path></svg></div><div class="uagb-timeline__day-new uagb-timeline__day-left uagb-timeline__events-inner-new"><div class="uagb-timeline__events-inner--content"><h6 class="uagb-timeline__heading">AD 476 – 491</h6><p class="uagb-timeline-desc-content">Reign of Zeno (in Eastern Byzantine Empire)</p><div class="uagb-timeline__arrow"></div></div></div><div class="uagb-timeline__date-new"></div></article> <article class="wp-block-uagb-content-timeline-child uagb-timeline__field uagb-timeline-child-5edd4fe1-b68d-42c4-9864-fec7466ed485 uagb-timeline__right uagb-timeline__field-wrap"><div class="uagb-timeline__marker out-view-uagb-timeline__icon"><svg xmlns="https://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path d="M160 32V64H288V32C288 14.33 302.3 0 320 0C337.7 0 352 14.33 352 32V64H400C426.5 64 448 85.49 448 112V160H0V112C0 85.49 21.49 64 48 64H96V32C96 14.33 110.3 0 128 0C145.7 0 160 14.33 160 32zM0 192H448V464C448 490.5 426.5 512 400 512H48C21.49 512 0 490.5 0 464V192zM64 304C64 312.8 71.16 320 80 320H112C120.8 320 128 312.8 128 304V272C128 263.2 120.8 256 112 256H80C71.16 256 64 263.2 64 272V304zM192 304C192 312.8 199.2 320 208 320H240C248.8 320 256 312.8 256 304V272C256 263.2 248.8 256 240 256H208C199.2 256 192 263.2 192 272V304zM336 256C327.2 256 320 263.2 320 272V304C320 312.8 327.2 320 336 320H368C376.8 320 384 312.8 384 304V272C384 263.2 376.8 256 368 256H336zM64 432C64 440.8 71.16 448 80 448H112C120.8 448 128 440.8 128 432V400C128 391.2 120.8 384 112 384H80C71.16 384 64 391.2 64 400V432zM208 384C199.2 384 192 391.2 192 400V432C192 440.8 199.2 448 208 448H240C248.8 448 256 440.8 256 432V400C256 391.2 248.8 384 240 384H208zM320 432C320 440.8 327.2 448 336 448H368C376.8 448 384 440.8 384 432V400C384 391.2 376.8 384 368 384H336C327.2 384 320 391.2 320 400V432z"></path></svg></div><div class="uagb-timeline__day-new uagb-timeline__day-right uagb-timeline__events-inner-new"><div class="uagb-timeline__events-inner--content"><h6 class="uagb-timeline__heading">AD 1453</h6><p class="uagb-timeline-desc-content">Fall of Constantinople to Mohammaed the Conqueror.<br>Death of Constantine XI.<br><br>End of the Eastern Roman Empire.</p><div class="uagb-timeline__arrow"></div></div></div><div class="uagb-timeline__date-new"></div></article> <div class="uagb-timeline__line"><div class="uagb-timeline__line__inner"></div></div></div> </div></div><script async data-uid="5941d8a08a" src="https://roman-empire.kit.com/5941d8a08a/index.js" data-jetpack-boost="ignore" data-no-defer="1" nowprocket></script> </div> </div> </article> </main> </div> </div> </div> <div class="site-footer footer-bar-active footer-bar-align-right"> <div id="footer-widgets" class="site footer-widgets"> <div class="footer-widgets-container grid-container"> <div class="inside-footer-widgets"> <div class="footer-widget-1"> <aside id="text-8" class="widget inner-padding widget_text"> <div class="textwidget"><div style="text-align: center;"> <p><img decoding="async" width="1000" height="113" class="size-full wp-image-4202 aligncenter" style="width: 100%; max-width: 500px; height: auto;" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%201000%20113'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" data-lazy-srcset="https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/the-roman-empire-logo-navy.png 1000w, https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/the-roman-empire-logo-navy-300x34.png 300w, https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/the-roman-empire-logo-navy-768x87.png 768w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px" data-lazy-src="https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/the-roman-empire-logo-navy.png" /><noscript><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1000" height="113" class="size-full wp-image-4202 aligncenter" style="width: 100%; max-width: 500px; height: auto;" src="https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/the-roman-empire-logo-navy.png" alt="" srcset="https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/the-roman-empire-logo-navy.png 1000w, https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/the-roman-empire-logo-navy-300x34.png 300w, https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/the-roman-empire-logo-navy-768x87.png 768w" sizes="(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px" /></noscript></p> <p>Roman-Empire.net is the leading web-resource on Rome.<br /> The rich history and culture of the Roman Empire has lasting impacts in modern society.<br /> This website is dedicated to the education of this fascinating period in time.</p> <p><em>As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.</em></p> </div> </div> </aside> </div> </div> </div> </div> <footer class="site-info" aria-label="Site" itemtype="https://schema.org/WPFooter" itemscope> <div class="inside-site-info grid-container"> <div class="footer-bar"> <aside id="nav_menu-7" class="widget inner-padding widget_nav_menu"><div class="menu-footer-bar-menu-container"><ul id="menu-footer-bar-menu" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-4206" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-home current-menu-item page_item page-item-2070 current_page_item menu-item-4206"><a href="https://roman-empire.net/" aria-current="page">Home</a></li> <li id="menu-item-4207" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4207"><a href="https://roman-empire.net/articles">Articles</a></li> <li id="menu-item-5513" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-5513"><a href="https://roman-empire.net/about">About Us</a></li> <li id="menu-item-5935" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-5935"><a href="https://roman-empire.net/privacy-policy">Privacy Policy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-4208" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4208"><a href="https://roman-empire.net/contact">Contact</a></li> <li id="menu-item-11787" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-11787"><a href="https://roman-empire.net/faqs">FAQs</a></li> </ul></div></aside> </div> <div class="copyright-bar"> <span class="copyright">© 2025 The Roman Empire</span> • Built with <a href="https://generatepress.com" itemprop="url">GeneratePress</a> </div> </div> </footer> </div> <a title="Scroll back to top" aria-label="Scroll back to top" rel="nofollow" href="#" class="generate-back-to-top" data-scroll-speed="400" data-start-scroll="300" role="button"> <span class="gp-icon icon-arrow-up"><svg viewBox="0 0 330 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em" fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-miterlimit="1.414"><path d="M305.863 314.916c0 2.266-1.133 4.815-2.832 6.514l-14.157 14.163c-1.699 1.7-3.964 2.832-6.513 2.832-2.265 0-4.813-1.133-6.512-2.832L164.572 224.276 53.295 335.593c-1.699 1.7-4.247 2.832-6.512 2.832-2.265 0-4.814-1.133-6.513-2.832L26.113 321.43c-1.699-1.7-2.831-4.248-2.831-6.514s1.132-4.816 2.831-6.515L158.06 176.408c1.699-1.7 4.247-2.833 6.512-2.833 2.265 0 4.814 1.133 6.513 2.833L303.03 308.4c1.7 1.7 2.832 4.249 2.832 6.515z" fill-rule="nonzero" /></svg></span> </a> <nav id="generate-slideout-menu" class="main-navigation slideout-navigation do-overlay" itemtype="https://schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" itemscope style="display: none;"> <div class="inside-navigation grid-container grid-parent"> <button class="slideout-exit has-svg-icon"><span class="gp-icon pro-close"> <svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" role="img" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="1em" height="1em"> <path d="M71.029 71.029c9.373-9.372 24.569-9.372 33.942 0L256 222.059l151.029-151.03c9.373-9.372 24.569-9.372 33.942 0 9.372 9.373 9.372 24.569 0 33.942L289.941 256l151.03 151.029c9.372 9.373 9.372 24.569 0 33.942-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0L256 289.941l-151.029 151.03c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0-9.372-9.373-9.372-24.569 0-33.942L222.059 256 71.029 104.971c-9.372-9.373-9.372-24.569 0-33.942z" /> </svg> </span> <span class="screen-reader-text">Close</span></button><div class="main-nav"><ul id="menu-menu-1" class=" slideout-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-11745"><a href="https://roman-empire.net/become-a-member">Become a member<span role="presentation" class="dropdown-menu-toggle"><span class="gp-icon icon-arrow"><svg viewBox="0 0 330 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M305.913 197.085c0 2.266-1.133 4.815-2.833 6.514L171.087 335.593c-1.7 1.7-4.249 2.832-6.515 2.832s-4.815-1.133-6.515-2.832L26.064 203.599c-1.7-1.7-2.832-4.248-2.832-6.514s1.132-4.816 2.832-6.515l14.162-14.163c1.7-1.699 3.966-2.832 6.515-2.832 2.266 0 4.815 1.133 6.515 2.832l111.316 111.317 111.316-111.317c1.7-1.699 4.249-2.832 6.515-2.832s4.815 1.133 6.515 2.832l14.162 14.163c1.7 1.7 2.833 4.249 2.833 6.515z" /></svg></span></span></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-11746"><a href="https://roman-empire.net/login">Login</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-11747"><a href="https://roman-empire.net/account">Account</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-home current-menu-item page_item page-item-2070 current_page_item menu-item-4212"><a href="https://roman-empire.net/" aria-current="page">Home</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-4104"><a>Periods<span role="presentation" class="dropdown-menu-toggle"><span class="gp-icon icon-arrow"><svg viewBox="0 0 330 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M305.913 197.085c0 2.266-1.133 4.815-2.833 6.514L171.087 335.593c-1.7 1.7-4.249 2.832-6.515 2.832s-4.815-1.133-6.515-2.832L26.064 203.599c-1.7-1.7-2.832-4.248-2.832-6.514s1.132-4.816 2.832-6.515l14.162-14.163c1.7-1.699 3.966-2.832 6.515-2.832 2.266 0 4.815 1.133 6.515 2.832l111.316 111.317 111.316-111.317c1.7-1.699 4.249-2.832 6.515-2.832s4.815 1.133 6.515 2.832l14.162 14.163c1.7 1.7 2.833 4.249 2.833 6.515z" /></svg></span></span></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-4111"><a href="https://roman-empire.net/founding">The Founding</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-4117"><a href="https://roman-empire.net/kings">The Kings</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-4314"><a href="https://roman-empire.net/republic">The Republic</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-4110"><a href="https://roman-empire.net/emperors">The Early Emperors</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-4112"><a href="https://roman-empire.net/highpoint">The High Point</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-4109"><a href="https://roman-empire.net/decline">The Decline</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-4108"><a href="https://roman-empire.net/collapse">The Collapse</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-4105"><a href="https://roman-empire.net/constantinople">Constantinople</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-4123"><a href="#">Topics<span role="presentation" class="dropdown-menu-toggle"><span class="gp-icon icon-arrow"><svg viewBox="0 0 330 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M305.913 197.085c0 2.266-1.133 4.815-2.833 6.514L171.087 335.593c-1.7 1.7-4.249 2.832-6.515 2.832s-4.815-1.133-6.515-2.832L26.064 203.599c-1.7-1.7-2.832-4.248-2.832-6.514s1.132-4.816 2.832-6.515l14.162-14.163c1.7-1.699 3.966-2.832 6.515-2.832 2.266 0 4.815 1.133 6.515 2.832l111.316 111.317 111.316-111.317c1.7-1.699 4.249-2.832 6.515-2.832s4.815 1.133 6.515 2.832l14.162 14.163c1.7 1.7 2.833 4.249 2.833 6.515z" /></svg></span></span></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-5778"><a href="https://roman-empire.net/architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-4116"><a href="https://roman-empire.net/army">Army & Battles</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-5388"><a href="https://roman-empire.net/maps">Maps</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-4193"><a href="https://roman-empire.net/people">People</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-4320"><a href="https://roman-empire.net/places">Places</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-4106"><a href="https://roman-empire.net/religion">Religion</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-4107"><a href="https://roman-empire.net/society">Society & Life</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-4192"><a href="https://roman-empire.net/faq">FAQ</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-5557"><a href="https://roman-empire.net/pop-culture">Pop Culture</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-9162"><a href="https://roman-empire.net/discoveries">Discoveries</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-10834"><a href="https://roman-empire.net/travel">Travel</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-12135"><a href="https://roman-empire.net/games">Games</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2090"><a href="https://roman-empire.net/articles">All</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </nav> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript">function loadScript(a){var b=document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0],c=document.createElement("script");c.type="text/javascript",c.src="https://tracker.metricool.com/app/resources/be.js",c.onreadystatechange=a,c.onload=a,b.appendChild(c)}loadScript(function(){beTracker.t({hash:'5036fa0282560305b1bf6e31e5e810b1'})})</script> </div> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript">window.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() { window.addEventListener('sfsi_functions_loaded', function () { if (typeof sfsi_plugin_version == 'function') { sfsi_plugin_version(2.77); } }); function sfsi_processfurther(ref) { var feed_id = 'MmovUk96NVIrTjhsb0V0bUxIaHE2NXhKZGdjQVk0ejhlazMvVXlnQzZJajVUK3JjL3hkckNyVzNTSWhTRVdqRHJSQmlxRUNDSklQWS9xbTFDSXhzdElHN2JnTXdaRWlFQVhESEowUjlWbEN6SmJVRXJIUkJMS1hKb3JJMlRvdzJ8dll6ZUFuYjdPbFlZVFlHbjBOQW00NGhlZ0dYdU5BeUxQRDZibUdhejNWYz0='; var feedtype = 8; var email = jQuery(ref).find('input[name="email"]').val(); var filter = /^(([^<>()[\]\\.,;:\s@\"]+(\.[^<>()[\]\\.,;:\s@\"]+)*)|(\".+\"))@((\[[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\])|(([a-zA-Z\-0-9]+\.)+[a-zA-Z]{2,}))$/; if ((email != "Enter your email") && (filter.test(email))) { if (feedtype == "8") { var url = "https://api.follow.it/subscription-form/" + feed_id + "/" + feedtype; window.open(url, "popupwindow", "scrollbars=yes,width=1080,height=760"); return true; } } else { alert("Please enter email address"); jQuery(ref).find('input[name="email"]').focus(); return false; } } });</script> <style type="text/css" aria-selected="true"> .sfsi_subscribe_Popinner { padding: 18px 0px !important; background-color: !important; } .sfsi_subscribe_Popinner form { margin: 0 20px !important; } .sfsi_subscribe_Popinner h5 { font-family: s !important; margin: 0 0 10px !important; padding: 0 !important; } .sfsi_subscription_form_field { margin: 5px 0 !important; width: 100% !important; display: inline-flex; display: -webkit-inline-flex; } .sfsi_subscription_form_field input { width: 100% !important; padding: 10px 0px !important; } .sfsi_subscribe_Popinner input[type=email] { } .sfsi_subscribe_Popinner input[type=email]::-webkit-input-placeholder { } .sfsi_subscribe_Popinner input[type=email]:-moz-placeholder { /* Firefox 18- */ } .sfsi_subscribe_Popinner input[type=email]::-moz-placeholder { /* Firefox 19+ */ } .sfsi_subscribe_Popinner input[type=email]:-ms-input-placeholder { font-family: font-style: color: !important; font-size:0px !important; text-align: s !important; } .sfsi_subscribe_Popinner input[type=submit] { } </style> <div id="grow-wp-data" data-grow='{"content":{"ID":2070,"categories":[]}}'></div><script type="rocketlazyloadscript" id="generate-a11y">!function(){"use strict";if("querySelector"in document&&"addEventListener"in window){var e=document.body;e.addEventListener("mousedown",function(){e.classList.add("using-mouse")}),e.addEventListener("keydown",function(){e.classList.remove("using-mouse")})}}();</script> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript"> const lazyloadRunObserver = () => { const lazyloadBackgrounds = document.querySelectorAll( `.e-con.e-parent:not(.e-lazyloaded)` ); const lazyloadBackgroundObserver = new IntersectionObserver( ( entries ) => { entries.forEach( ( entry ) => { if ( entry.isIntersecting ) { let lazyloadBackground = entry.target; if( lazyloadBackground ) { lazyloadBackground.classList.add( 'e-lazyloaded' ); } lazyloadBackgroundObserver.unobserve( entry.target ); } }); }, { rootMargin: '200px 0px 200px 0px' } ); lazyloadBackgrounds.forEach( ( lazyloadBackground ) => { lazyloadBackgroundObserver.observe( lazyloadBackground ); } ); }; const events = [ 'DOMContentLoaded', 'elementor/lazyload/observe', ]; events.forEach( ( event ) => { document.addEventListener( event, lazyloadRunObserver ); } ); </script> <style id='core-block-supports-inline-css'> .wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-1{align-items:stretch;}.wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-2{align-items:stretch;}.wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-4{justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;}.wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-5{justify-content:center;} </style> <script id="generate-offside-js-extra"> var offSide = {"side":"left"}; </script> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript" data-rocket-src="https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/plugins/gp-premium/menu-plus/functions/js/offside.min.js?ver=2.1.1" id="generate-offside-js" defer></script> <script id="eio-lazy-load-js-before"> var eio_lazy_vars = {"exactdn_domain":"","skip_autoscale":0,"threshold":0,"use_dpr":1}; </script> <script src="https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/plugins/ewww-image-optimizer/includes/lazysizes.min.js?ver=810" id="eio-lazy-load-js" async data-wp-strategy="async"></script> <script id="convertkit-broadcasts-js-extra"> var convertkit_broadcasts = {"ajax_url":"https:\/\/roman-empire.net\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","action":"convertkit_broadcasts_render","debug":""}; </script> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript" data-minify="1" data-rocket-src="https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-content/plugins/convertkit/resources/frontend/js/broadcasts.js?ver=1742064969" id="convertkit-broadcasts-js" defer></script> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript" data-rocket-src="https://roman-empire.kit.com/commerce.js?ver=6.7.2" id="convertkit-commerce-js" defer></script> <script id="convertkit-js-js-extra"> var convertkit = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/roman-empire.net\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","debug":"","nonce":"d2783acab9","subscriber_id":""}; </script> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript" data-minify="1" data-rocket-src="https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-content/plugins/convertkit/resources/frontend/js/convertkit.js?ver=1742064969" id="convertkit-js-js" defer></script> <script id="generate-smooth-scroll-js-extra"> var smooth = {"elements":[".smooth-scroll","li.smooth-scroll a"],"duration":"800"}; </script> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript" data-rocket-src="https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/plugins/gp-premium/general/js/smooth-scroll.min.js?ver=2.1.1" id="generate-smooth-scroll-js" defer></script> <script id="wpil-frontend-script-js-extra"> var wpilFrontend = {"ajaxUrl":"\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","postId":"2070","postType":"post","openInternalInNewTab":"0","openExternalInNewTab":"0","disableClicks":"0","openLinksWithJS":"0","trackAllElementClicks":"0","clicksI18n":{"imageNoText":"Image in link: No Text","imageText":"Image Title: ","noText":"No Anchor Text Found"}}; </script> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript" data-rocket-src="https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/plugins/link-whisper-premium/js/frontend.min.js?ver=1719698534" id="wpil-frontend-script-js" defer></script> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript" data-rocket-src="https://roman-empire.net/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/core.min.js?ver=1.13.3" id="jquery-ui-core-js" defer></script> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript" data-rocket-src="https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-social-media-icons/js/shuffle/modernizr.custom.min.js?ver=6.7.2" id="SFSIjqueryModernizr-js" defer></script> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript" data-rocket-src="https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-social-media-icons/js/shuffle/jquery.shuffle.min.js?ver=6.7.2" id="SFSIjqueryShuffle-js" defer></script> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript" data-rocket-src="https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-social-media-icons/js/shuffle/random-shuffle-min.js?ver=6.7.2" id="SFSIjqueryrandom-shuffle-js" defer></script> <script id="SFSICustomJs-js-extra"> var sfsi_icon_ajax_object = {"nonce":"ce3fc844b8","ajax_url":"https:\/\/roman-empire.net\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","plugin_url":"https:\/\/roman-empire.net\/wp-content\/plugins\/ultimate-social-media-icons\/"}; </script> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript" data-minify="1" data-rocket-src="https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-social-media-icons/js/custom.js?ver=1742064969" id="SFSICustomJs-js" defer></script> <script id="uagb-timeline-js-js-extra"> var uagb_timeline_data = {"tablet_breakpoint":"976","mobile_breakpoint":"767"}; </script> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript" data-rocket-src="https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-addons-for-gutenberg/assets/js/timeline.min.js?ver=2.19.0" id="uagb-timeline-js-js" defer></script> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript" id="rocket-browser-checker-js-after"> "use strict";var _createClass=function(){function defineProperties(target,props){for(var i=0;i<props.length;i++){var descriptor=props[i];descriptor.enumerable=descriptor.enumerable||!1,descriptor.configurable=!0,"value"in descriptor&&(descriptor.writable=!0),Object.defineProperty(target,descriptor.key,descriptor)}}return function(Constructor,protoProps,staticProps){return protoProps&&defineProperties(Constructor.prototype,protoProps),staticProps&&defineProperties(Constructor,staticProps),Constructor}}();function _classCallCheck(instance,Constructor){if(!(instance instanceof Constructor))throw new TypeError("Cannot call a class as a function")}var RocketBrowserCompatibilityChecker=function(){function RocketBrowserCompatibilityChecker(options){_classCallCheck(this,RocketBrowserCompatibilityChecker),this.passiveSupported=!1,this._checkPassiveOption(this),this.options=!!this.passiveSupported&&options}return _createClass(RocketBrowserCompatibilityChecker,[{key:"_checkPassiveOption",value:function(self){try{var options={get passive(){return!(self.passiveSupported=!0)}};window.addEventListener("test",null,options),window.removeEventListener("test",null,options)}catch(err){self.passiveSupported=!1}}},{key:"initRequestIdleCallback",value:function(){!1 in window&&(window.requestIdleCallback=function(cb){var start=Date.now();return setTimeout(function(){cb({didTimeout:!1,timeRemaining:function(){return Math.max(0,50-(Date.now()-start))}})},1)}),!1 in window&&(window.cancelIdleCallback=function(id){return clearTimeout(id)})}},{key:"isDataSaverModeOn",value:function(){return"connection"in navigator&&!0===navigator.connection.saveData}},{key:"supportsLinkPrefetch",value:function(){var elem=document.createElement("link");return elem.relList&&elem.relList.supports&&elem.relList.supports("prefetch")&&window.IntersectionObserver&&"isIntersecting"in IntersectionObserverEntry.prototype}},{key:"isSlowConnection",value:function(){return"connection"in navigator&&"effectiveType"in navigator.connection&&("2g"===navigator.connection.effectiveType||"slow-2g"===navigator.connection.effectiveType)}}]),RocketBrowserCompatibilityChecker}(); </script> <script id="rocket-preload-links-js-extra"> var RocketPreloadLinksConfig = {"excludeUris":"\/roman-empire-history-quiz|\/(?:.+\/)?feed(?:\/(?:.+\/?)?)?$|\/(?:.+\/)?embed\/|\/(index.php\/)?(.*)wp-json(\/.*|$)|\/refer\/|\/go\/|\/recommend\/|\/recommends\/","usesTrailingSlash":"1","imageExt":"jpg|jpeg|gif|png|tiff|bmp|webp|avif|pdf|doc|docx|xls|xlsx|php","fileExt":"jpg|jpeg|gif|png|tiff|bmp|webp|avif|pdf|doc|docx|xls|xlsx|php|html|htm","siteUrl":"https:\/\/roman-empire.net","onHoverDelay":"100","rateThrottle":"3"}; </script> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript" id="rocket-preload-links-js-after"> (function() { "use strict";var r="function"==typeof Symbol&&"symbol"==typeof Symbol.iterator?function(e){return typeof e}:function(e){return e&&"function"==typeof Symbol&&e.constructor===Symbol&&e!==Symbol.prototype?"symbol":typeof e},e=function(){function i(e,t){for(var n=0;n<t.length;n++){var i=t[n];i.enumerable=i.enumerable||!1,i.configurable=!0,"value"in i&&(i.writable=!0),Object.defineProperty(e,i.key,i)}}return function(e,t,n){return t&&i(e.prototype,t),n&&i(e,n),e}}();function i(e,t){if(!(e instanceof t))throw new TypeError("Cannot call a class as a function")}var t=function(){function n(e,t){i(this,n),this.browser=e,this.config=t,this.options=this.browser.options,this.prefetched=new Set,this.eventTime=null,this.threshold=1111,this.numOnHover=0}return e(n,[{key:"init",value:function(){!this.browser.supportsLinkPrefetch()||this.browser.isDataSaverModeOn()||this.browser.isSlowConnection()||(this.regex={excludeUris:RegExp(this.config.excludeUris,"i"),images:RegExp(".("+this.config.imageExt+")$","i"),fileExt:RegExp(".("+this.config.fileExt+")$","i")},this._initListeners(this))}},{key:"_initListeners",value:function(e){-1<this.config.onHoverDelay&&document.addEventListener("mouseover",e.listener.bind(e),e.listenerOptions),document.addEventListener("mousedown",e.listener.bind(e),e.listenerOptions),document.addEventListener("touchstart",e.listener.bind(e),e.listenerOptions)}},{key:"listener",value:function(e){var t=e.target.closest("a"),n=this._prepareUrl(t);if(null!==n)switch(e.type){case"mousedown":case"touchstart":this._addPrefetchLink(n);break;case"mouseover":this._earlyPrefetch(t,n,"mouseout")}}},{key:"_earlyPrefetch",value:function(t,e,n){var i=this,r=setTimeout(function(){if(r=null,0===i.numOnHover)setTimeout(function(){return i.numOnHover=0},1e3);else if(i.numOnHover>i.config.rateThrottle)return;i.numOnHover++,i._addPrefetchLink(e)},this.config.onHoverDelay);t.addEventListener(n,function e(){t.removeEventListener(n,e,{passive:!0}),null!==r&&(clearTimeout(r),r=null)},{passive:!0})}},{key:"_addPrefetchLink",value:function(i){return this.prefetched.add(i.href),new Promise(function(e,t){var n=document.createElement("link");n.rel="prefetch",n.href=i.href,n.onload=e,n.onerror=t,document.head.appendChild(n)}).catch(function(){})}},{key:"_prepareUrl",value:function(e){if(null===e||"object"!==(void 0===e?"undefined":r(e))||!1 in e||-1===["http:","https:"].indexOf(e.protocol))return null;var t=e.href.substring(0,this.config.siteUrl.length),n=this._getPathname(e.href,t),i={original:e.href,protocol:e.protocol,origin:t,pathname:n,href:t+n};return this._isLinkOk(i)?i:null}},{key:"_getPathname",value:function(e,t){var n=t?e.substring(this.config.siteUrl.length):e;return n.startsWith("/")||(n="/"+n),this._shouldAddTrailingSlash(n)?n+"/":n}},{key:"_shouldAddTrailingSlash",value:function(e){return this.config.usesTrailingSlash&&!e.endsWith("/")&&!this.regex.fileExt.test(e)}},{key:"_isLinkOk",value:function(e){return null!==e&&"object"===(void 0===e?"undefined":r(e))&&(!this.prefetched.has(e.href)&&e.origin===this.config.siteUrl&&-1===e.href.indexOf("?")&&-1===e.href.indexOf("#")&&!this.regex.excludeUris.test(e.href)&&!this.regex.images.test(e.href))}}],[{key:"run",value:function(){"undefined"!=typeof RocketPreloadLinksConfig&&new n(new RocketBrowserCompatibilityChecker({capture:!0,passive:!0}),RocketPreloadLinksConfig).init()}}]),n}();t.run(); }()); </script> <script id="rocket_lazyload_css-js-extra"> var rocket_lazyload_css_data = {"threshold":"300"}; </script> <script id="rocket_lazyload_css-js-after"> !function o(n,c,a){function s(t,e){if(!c[t]){if(!n[t]){var r="function"==typeof require&&require;if(!e&&r)return r(t,!0);if(u)return u(t,!0);throw(r=new Error("Cannot find module '"+t+"'")).code="MODULE_NOT_FOUND",r}r=c[t]={exports:{}},n[t][0].call(r.exports,function(e){return s(n[t][1][e]||e)},r,r.exports,o,n,c,a)}return c[t].exports}for(var u="function"==typeof require&&require,e=0;e<a.length;e++)s(a[e]);return s}({1:[function(e,t,r){"use strict";!function(){const r="undefined"==typeof rocket_pairs?[]:rocket_pairs,e="undefined"==typeof rocket_excluded_pairs?[]:rocket_excluded_pairs;e.map(t=>{var e=t.selector;const r=document.querySelectorAll(e);r.forEach(e=>{e.setAttribute("data-rocket-lazy-bg-".concat(t.hash),"excluded")})});const o=document.querySelector("#wpr-lazyload-bg");var t=rocket_lazyload_css_data.threshold||300;const n=new IntersectionObserver(e=>{e.forEach(t=>{if(t.isIntersecting){const e=r.filter(e=>t.target.matches(e.selector));e.map(t=>{t&&(o.innerHTML+=t.style,t.elements.forEach(e=>{n.unobserve(e),e.setAttribute("data-rocket-lazy-bg-".concat(t.hash),"loaded")}))})}})},{rootMargin:t+"px"});function c(){0<(0<arguments.length&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:[]).length&&r.forEach(t=>{try{const e=document.querySelectorAll(t.selector);e.forEach(e=>{"loaded"!==e.getAttribute("data-rocket-lazy-bg-".concat(t.hash))&&"excluded"!==e.getAttribute("data-rocket-lazy-bg-".concat(t.hash))&&(n.observe(e),(t.elements||(t.elements=[])).push(e))})}catch(e){console.error(e)}})}c();const a=function(){const o=window.MutationObserver;return function(e,t){if(e&&1===e.nodeType){const r=new o(t);return r.observe(e,{attributes:!0,childList:!0,subtree:!0}),r}}}();t=document.querySelector("body"),a(t,c)}()},{}]},{},[1]); </script>  <script id="generate-menu-js-extra"> var generatepressMenu = {"toggleOpenedSubMenus":"1","openSubMenuLabel":"Open Sub-Menu","closeSubMenuLabel":"Close Sub-Menu"}; </script> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript" data-rocket-src="https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/themes/generatepress/assets/js/menu.min.js?ver=3.5.1" id="generate-menu-js" defer></script> <script id="generate-navigation-search-js-extra"> var generatepressNavSearch = {"open":"Open Search Bar","close":"Close Search Bar"}; </script> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript" data-rocket-src="https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/themes/generatepress/assets/js/navigation-search.min.js?ver=3.5.1" id="generate-navigation-search-js" defer></script> <script id="generate-back-to-top-js-extra"> var generatepressBackToTop = {"smooth":"1"}; </script> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript" data-rocket-src="https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/themes/generatepress/assets/js/back-to-top.min.js?ver=3.5.1" id="generate-back-to-top-js" defer></script> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript" data-minify="1" data-rocket-src="https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/cache/min/1/sdks/web/v16/OneSignalSDK.page.js?ver=1742064969" id="remote_sdk-js" defer data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript" data-grow-initializer="">!(function(){window.growMe||((window.growMe=function(e){window.growMe._.push(e);}),(window.growMe._=[]));var e=document.createElement("script");(e.type="text/javascript"),(e.src="https://faves.grow.me/main.js"),(e.defer=!0),e.setAttribute("data-grow-faves-site-id","U2l0ZTpiY2Y4Y2NiZi0xN2JiLTQ0ODAtYjc1NS1mMjA1Yjc0ZDFjMjM=");var t=document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];t.parentNode.insertBefore(e,t);})();</script><script type="rocketlazyloadscript" data-rocket-type="text/javascript" id="uagb-script-frontend-2070">document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function(){ window.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function(){ UAGBTimelineClasses( {"block_id":"84742e07-7560-45fc-98f4-95ade75ba218","timelinAlignment":"center","timelinAlignmentTablet":"left","timelinAlignmentMobile":"left"}, '.uagb-block-84742e07-7560-45fc-98f4-95ade75ba218' ); }); window.addEventListener("resize", function(){ UAGBTimelineClasses( {"block_id":"84742e07-7560-45fc-98f4-95ade75ba218","timelinAlignment":"center","timelinAlignmentTablet":"left","timelinAlignmentMobile":"left"}, '.uagb-block-84742e07-7560-45fc-98f4-95ade75ba218' ); }); });</script><script>window.lazyLoadOptions=[{elements_selector:"img[data-lazy-src],.rocket-lazyload,iframe[data-lazy-src]",data_src:"lazy-src",data_srcset:"lazy-srcset",data_sizes:"lazy-sizes",class_loading:"lazyloading",class_loaded:"lazyloaded",threshold:300,callback_loaded:function(element){if(element.tagName==="IFRAME"&&element.dataset.rocketLazyload=="fitvidscompatible"){if(element.classList.contains("lazyloaded")){if(typeof window.jQuery!="undefined"){if(jQuery.fn.fitVids){jQuery(element).parent().fitVids()}}}}}},{elements_selector:".rocket-lazyload",data_src:"lazy-src",data_srcset:"lazy-srcset",data_sizes:"lazy-sizes",class_loading:"lazyloading",class_loaded:"lazyloaded",threshold:300,}];window.addEventListener('LazyLoad::Initialized',function(e){var lazyLoadInstance=e.detail.instance;if(window.MutationObserver){var observer=new MutationObserver(function(mutations){var image_count=0;var iframe_count=0;var rocketlazy_count=0;mutations.forEach(function(mutation){for(var i=0;i<mutation.addedNodes.length;i++){if(typeof mutation.addedNodes[i].getElementsByTagName!=='function'){continue} if(typeof mutation.addedNodes[i].getElementsByClassName!=='function'){continue} images=mutation.addedNodes[i].getElementsByTagName('img');is_image=mutation.addedNodes[i].tagName=="IMG";iframes=mutation.addedNodes[i].getElementsByTagName('iframe');is_iframe=mutation.addedNodes[i].tagName=="IFRAME";rocket_lazy=mutation.addedNodes[i].getElementsByClassName('rocket-lazyload');image_count+=images.length;iframe_count+=iframes.length;rocketlazy_count+=rocket_lazy.length;if(is_image){image_count+=1} if(is_iframe){iframe_count+=1}}});if(image_count>0||iframe_count>0||rocketlazy_count>0){lazyLoadInstance.update()}});var b=document.getElementsByTagName("body")[0];var config={childList:!0,subtree:!0};observer.observe(b,config)}},!1)</script><script data-no-minify="1" async src="https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/plugins/wp-rocket/assets/js/lazyload/17.8.3/lazyload.min.js"></script> <script>class RocketElementorAnimation{constructor(){this.deviceMode=document.createElement("span"),this.deviceMode.id="elementor-device-mode-wpr",this.deviceMode.setAttribute("class","elementor-screen-only"),document.body.appendChild(this.deviceMode)}_detectAnimations(){let t=getComputedStyle(this.deviceMode,":after").content.replace(/"/g,"");this.animationSettingKeys=this._listAnimationSettingsKeys(t),document.querySelectorAll(".elementor-invisible[data-settings]").forEach(t=>{const e=t.getBoundingClientRect();if(e.bottom>=0&&e.top<=window.innerHeight)try{this._animateElement(t)}catch(t){}})}_animateElement(t){const e=JSON.parse(t.dataset.settings),i=e._animation_delay||e.animation_delay||0,n=e[this.animationSettingKeys.find(t=>e[t])];if("none"===n)return void t.classList.remove("elementor-invisible");t.classList.remove(n),this.currentAnimation&&t.classList.remove(this.currentAnimation),this.currentAnimation=n;let s=setTimeout(()=>{t.classList.remove("elementor-invisible"),t.classList.add("animated",n),this._removeAnimationSettings(t,e)},i);window.addEventListener("rocket-startLoading",function(){clearTimeout(s)})}_listAnimationSettingsKeys(t="mobile"){const e=[""];switch(t){case"mobile":e.unshift("_mobile");case"tablet":e.unshift("_tablet");case"desktop":e.unshift("_desktop")}const i=[];return["animation","_animation"].forEach(t=>{e.forEach(e=>{i.push(t+e)})}),i}_removeAnimationSettings(t,e){this._listAnimationSettingsKeys().forEach(t=>delete e[t]),t.dataset.settings=JSON.stringify(e)}static run(){const t=new RocketElementorAnimation;requestAnimationFrame(t._detectAnimations.bind(t))}}document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",RocketElementorAnimation.run);</script></body> </html>