CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Fraser Stoddart - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"b7a600de-bdb9-4771-a2cf-4b376dd5bacd","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Fraser_Stoddart","wgTitle":"Fraser Stoddart","wgCurRevisionId":1240188466,"wgRevisionId":1240188466,"wgArticleId":2834427,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown","Articles with a promotional tone from February 2024","All articles with a promotional tone","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use British English from January 2017","Use dmy dates from February 2020","Articles with hCards","Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2022","All articles containing potentially dated statements","Nobelprize template using Wikidata property P8024" ,"Commons category link from Wikidata","1942 births","People educated at Stewart's Melville College","Academics of the University of Sheffield","Albert Einstein World Award of Science Laureates","Alumni of the University of Edinburgh","Living people","Knights Bachelor","Nobel laureates in Chemistry","Imperial Chemical Industries people","Scottish chemists","21st-century American chemists","Scottish expatriates in the United States","University of California, Los Angeles faculty","Northwestern University faculty","Fellows of the Royal Society","Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences","Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences","Academics of the University of Birmingham","Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh","Fellows of the Royal Society of Chemistry","Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","Scottish Nobel laureates","British Nobel laureates","American Nobel laureates","Academic staff of the University of Hong Kong"], "wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Fraser_Stoddart","wgRelevantArticleId":2834427,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":40000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId": "Q376243","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc", "skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Sir_Fraser_by_Jim_Prisching.jpg/1200px-Sir_Fraser_by_Jim_Prisching.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="801"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Sir_Fraser_by_Jim_Prisching.jpg/800px-Sir_Fraser_by_Jim_Prisching.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="534"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Sir_Fraser_by_Jim_Prisching.jpg/640px-Sir_Fraser_by_Jim_Prisching.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="427"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Fraser Stoddart - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Fraser_Stoddart&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Fraser_Stoddart rootpage-Fraser_Stoddart skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Fraser+Stoddart" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Fraser+Stoddart" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Fraser+Stoddart" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Fraser+Stoddart" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Education_and_early_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education_and_early_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Education and early life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education_and_early_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Research" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Research"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Research</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Research-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Research subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Research-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Presentation_style" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presentation_style"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Presentation style</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Presentation_style-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ISI_ratings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ISI_ratings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>ISI ratings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ISI_ratings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_honors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_honors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Awards and honors</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Awards_and_honors-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Awards and honors subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_honors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Memberships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Memberships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Memberships</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Memberships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_awards_and_honours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_awards_and_honours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Other awards and honours</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_awards_and_honours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Personal life subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Philanthropy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philanthropy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Philanthropy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philanthropy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Fraser Stoddart</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 49 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-49" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">49 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="فريزر ستودارت – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فريزر ستودارت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%9B_%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0_%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F" title="জেমছ ফ্ৰাছাৰ ষ্টদদাৰ্ট – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="জেমছ ফ্ৰাছাৰ ষ্টদদাৰ্ট" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frezer_Stoddart" title="Frezer Stoddart – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Frezer Stoddart" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="فراسر استودارت – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="فراسر استودارت" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F" title="ফ্রেজার স্টডার্ট – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ফ্রেজার স্টডার্ট" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Фрэйзер Стодарт – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Фрэйзер Стодарт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B7%D1%8A%D1%80_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Фрейзър Стодарт – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Фрейзър Стодарт" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart" title="Fraser Stoddart – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Fraser Stoddart" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart" title="Fraser Stoddart – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Fraser Stoddart" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart" title="Fraser Stoddart – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Fraser Stoddart" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart" title="Fraser Stoddart – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Fraser Stoddart" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart" title="Fraser Stoddart – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fraser Stoddart" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart" title="Fraser Stoddart – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Fraser Stoddart" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="فراسر استودارت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فراسر استودارت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Fraser_Stoddart" title="James Fraser Stoddart – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="James Fraser Stoddart" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart" title="Fraser Stoddart – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Fraser Stoddart" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart" title="Fraser Stoddart – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Fraser Stoddart" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%B4%EC%A0%80_%EC%8A%A4%ED%86%A0%EB%8D%94%ED%8A%B8" title="프레이저 스토더트 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프레이저 스토더트" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B5%D5%A6%D5%A5%D6%80_%D5%8D%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%A4%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BF" title="Ֆրեյզեր Ստոդարտ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆրեյզեր Ստոդարտ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Fraser_Stoddart" title="James Fraser Stoddart – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="James Fraser Stoddart" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._Fraser_Stoddart" title="J. Fraser Stoddart – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="J. Fraser Stoddart" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Fraser_Stoddart" title="James Fraser Stoddart – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="James Fraser Stoddart" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%96%D7%A8_%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%95%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%98" title="פרייזר סטודרט – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פרייזר סטודרט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="ფრეიზერ სტოდარტი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფრეიზერ სტოდარტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Fraser_Stoddart" title="James Fraser Stoddart – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="James Fraser Stoddart" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart" title="Fraser Stoddart – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Fraser Stoddart" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart" title="Fraser Stoddart – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Fraser Stoddart" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D" title="ഫ്രേസർ സ്റ്റോഡാർട്ട് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഫ്രേസർ സ്റ്റോഡാർട്ട്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="فراسر استودارت – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="فراسر استودارت" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart" title="Fraser Stoddart – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Fraser Stoddart" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart" title="Fraser Stoddart – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Fraser Stoddart" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%83%AC%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B6%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%83%E3%83%80%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88" title="フレイザー・ストッダート – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フレイザー・ストッダート" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart" title="Fraser Stoddart – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fraser Stoddart" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Fraser_Stoddart" title="James Fraser Stoddart – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="James Fraser Stoddart" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart" title="Fraser Stoddart – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Fraser Stoddart" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart" title="Fraser Stoddart – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Fraser Stoddart" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart" title="Fraser Stoddart – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Fraser Stoddart" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Стоддарт, Джеймс Фрейзер – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Стоддарт, Джеймс Фрейзер" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart" title="Fraser Stoddart – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Fraser Stoddart" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frejzer_Stodart" title="Frejzer Stodart – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Frejzer Stodart" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart" title="Fraser Stoddart – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Fraser Stoddart" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart" title="Fraser Stoddart – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Fraser Stoddart" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81" title="பிரேசர் இசுட்டோடார்ட்டு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பிரேசர் இசுட்டோடார்ட்டு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Фрейзер Стоддарт – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Фрейзер Стоддарт" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart" title="Fraser Stoddart – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Fraser Stoddart" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Фрейзер Стоддарт – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Фрейзер Стоддарт" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%DA%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%B9" title="فریزر ستوڈدارٹ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فریزر ستوڈدارٹ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart" title="Fraser Stoddart – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Fraser Stoddart" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E6%BE%A4%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E6%89%98%E9%81%94%E7%89%B9" title="弗雷澤·斯托達特 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="弗雷澤·斯托達特" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q376243#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Fraser_Stoddart" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fraser_Stoddart&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fraser_Stoddart&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fraser_Stoddart&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fraser_Stoddart&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Fraser_Stoddart" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Fraser_Stoddart" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fraser_Stoddart&oldid=1240188466" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fraser_Stoddart&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Fraser_Stoddart&id=1240188466&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFraser_Stoddart"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFraser_Stoddart"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Fraser_Stoddart&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fraser_Stoddart&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Fraser_Stoddart" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q376243" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Promotional plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Advert" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_soapbox_or_means_of_promotion" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">promotional content</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fraser_Stoddart&action=edit">improve it</a> by removing <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Spam" title="Wikipedia:Spam">promotional language</a> and inappropriate <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links#Advertising_and_conflicts_of_interest" title="Wikipedia:External links">external links</a>, and by adding encyclopedic text written from a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">neutral point of view</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Scottish chemist and 2016 Nobel Laureate</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Sir" title="Sir">Sir</a></div><div class="fn">Fraser Stoddart</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">FRS</a></span> <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society_of_Edinburgh" class="mw-redirect" title="Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh">FRSE</a></span> <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Honorary_Fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_of_Chemistry" class="mw-redirect" title="Honorary Fellows of the Royal Society of Chemistry">HonFRSC</a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Sir_Fraser_by_Jim_Prisching.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Sir_Fraser_by_Jim_Prisching.jpg/220px-Sir_Fraser_by_Jim_Prisching.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Sir_Fraser_by_Jim_Prisching.jpg/330px-Sir_Fraser_by_Jim_Prisching.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Sir_Fraser_by_Jim_Prisching.jpg/440px-Sir_Fraser_by_Jim_Prisching.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6016" data-file-height="4016" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Sir Fraser Stoddart at Northwestern University October 2016, by Jim Prisching</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">James Fraser Stoddart</div><br /><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1942-05-24</span>) </span>24 May 1942<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 82)</span><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/British_people" title="British people">British</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Citizenship</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a><br /><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh" title="University of Edinburgh">University of Edinburgh</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">BSc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy">PhD</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Mechanical Bond in Chemistry<br /><a href="/wiki/Molecular_shuttle" title="Molecular shuttle">Molecular shuttles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Molecular_switch" title="Molecular switch">Molecular switches</a><br />Artificial Molecular Machines<br />Template-Directed Synthesis<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chemical_Topology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chemical Topology (page does not exist)">Chemical Topology</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Stereochemistry" title="Stereochemistry">Stereochemistry</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metal-Organic_Frameworks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metal-Organic Frameworks (page does not exist)">Metal-Organic Frameworks</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyclodextrin_Chemistry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cyclodextrin Chemistry (page does not exist)">Cyclodextrin Chemistry</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Norma Agnes Scholan</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1968; died 2004)<wbr /></div><sup id="cite_ref-whoswho_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whoswho-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Award_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Award-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Scotsman_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scotsman-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">Two<sup id="cite_ref-whoswho_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whoswho-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Fiona Jane McCubbin<br />Alison Margaret Stoddart</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">Fellow of the Royal Society</a> of London <small>(1994)</small><sup id="cite_ref-frs_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frs-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nagoya_Gold_Medal_in_Organic_Chemistry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nagoya Gold Medal in Organic Chemistry (page does not exist)">Nagoya Gold Medal in Organic Chemistry</a> <small>(2004)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Faisal_Prize" title="King Faisal Prize">King Faisal Prize</a> <small>(2007)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein_World_Award_of_Science" title="Albert Einstein World Award of Science">Albert Einstein World Award of Science</a> <small>(2007)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feynman_Prize_in_Nanotechnology" title="Feynman Prize in Nanotechnology">Feynman Prize in Nanotechnology</a> <small>(2007)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knight_Bachelor" title="Knight Bachelor">Knight Bachelor</a> <small>(2007)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_C._Cope_Award" title="Arthur C. Cope Award">Arthur C. Cope Award</a> <small>(2008)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davy_Medal" title="Davy Medal">Davy Medal</a> by The Royal Society of London <span style="font-size:85%;">(2008)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society_of_Edinburgh" class="mw-redirect" title="Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh">Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh</a> <small>(2008)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Member of the National Academy of Sciences">Member of the National Academy of Sciences</a> <small>(2014)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Nobel Prize in Chemistry</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2016)</span><sup id="cite_ref-NP-20161005_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NP-20161005-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Fellow of The <a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Inventors" title="National Academy of Inventors">National Academy of Inventors</a> <small>(2019)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Physical_Organic_Chemistry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Physical Organic Chemistry (page does not exist)">Physical Organic Chemistry</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lock-and-Key_Chemistry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lock-and-Key Chemistry (page does not exist)">Lock-and-Key Chemistry</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unnatural_Product_Synthesis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unnatural Product Synthesis (page does not exist)">Unnatural Product Synthesis</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Molecular_Nanotechnology" class="mw-redirect" title="Molecular Nanotechnology">Molecular Nanotechnology</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_University_at_Kingston" title="Queen's University at Kingston">Queen's University</a> (1967–1969)<br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_Sheffield" title="University of Sheffield">University of Sheffield</a> (1970–1990)<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=ICI_Corporate_Laboratory,_Runcorn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ICI Corporate Laboratory, Runcorn (page does not exist)">ICI Corporate Laboratory, Runcorn</a> (1978–1981)<br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_Birmingham" title="University of Birmingham">University of Birmingham</a> (1990–1997)<br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Los_Angeles" title="University of California, Los Angeles">University of California, Los Angeles</a> (1997–2007)<br /><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_University" title="Northwestern University">Northwestern University</a> (2008– )<br /><a href="/wiki/Tianjin_University" title="Tianjin University">Tianjin University</a> (2014– )<br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_New_South_Wales" title="University of New South Wales">University of New South Wales</a> (2018– )<br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_Hong_Kong" title="University of Hong Kong">University of Hong Kong</a> (2023– )</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Thesis" title="Thesis">Theses</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.662504">Studies on plant gums of the Acacia group</a> </i> <span style="font-size:97%;">(1966)</span></li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdl.handle.net/1842/14487">Some adventures in stereochemistry</a></i> <span style="font-size:97%;">(1980)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Doctoral_advisor" title="Doctoral advisor">Doctoral advisor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Langley_Hirst" class="mw-redirect" title="Edmund Langley Hirst">Edmund Langley Hirst</a><sup id="cite_ref-cv_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cv-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Douglas M W Anderson<sup id="cite_ref-cv_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cv-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other academic advisors</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>J K N (Ken) Jones FRS</li> <li>W David Ollis FRS</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Notable students</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/David_Leigh_(scientist)" title="David Leigh (scientist)">David Leigh</a> <a href="/wiki/Narayanaswamy_Jayaraman" title="Narayanaswamy Jayaraman">Narayanaswamy Jayaraman</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Philp" title="Douglas Philp">Douglas Philp</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stoddart.northwestern.edu">stoddart<wbr />.northwestern<wbr />.edu</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Barack_Obama_greets_the_2016_American_Nobel_Prize_winners_in_the_Oval_Office.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/President_Barack_Obama_greets_the_2016_American_Nobel_Prize_winners_in_the_Oval_Office.jpg/220px-President_Barack_Obama_greets_the_2016_American_Nobel_Prize_winners_in_the_Oval_Office.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/President_Barack_Obama_greets_the_2016_American_Nobel_Prize_winners_in_the_Oval_Office.jpg/330px-President_Barack_Obama_greets_the_2016_American_Nobel_Prize_winners_in_the_Oval_Office.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/President_Barack_Obama_greets_the_2016_American_Nobel_Prize_winners_in_the_Oval_Office.jpg/440px-President_Barack_Obama_greets_the_2016_American_Nobel_Prize_winners_in_the_Oval_Office.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1333" /></a><figcaption>President Barack Obama greets the 2016 American Nobel Prize winners in the Oval Office, 30 November 2016, Sir J. Fraser Stoddart (Right), Laureate of the 2016 Nobel Prize in Chemistry from Northwestern University,</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rotaxane_Crystal_Structure_EurJOrgChem_page2565_year1998.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Rotaxane_Crystal_Structure_EurJOrgChem_page2565_year1998.png/250px-Rotaxane_Crystal_Structure_EurJOrgChem_page2565_year1998.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Rotaxane_Crystal_Structure_EurJOrgChem_page2565_year1998.png/375px-Rotaxane_Crystal_Structure_EurJOrgChem_page2565_year1998.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Rotaxane_Crystal_Structure_EurJOrgChem_page2565_year1998.png/500px-Rotaxane_Crystal_Structure_EurJOrgChem_page2565_year1998.png 2x" data-file-width="952" data-file-height="566" /></a><figcaption>Crystal structure of a <a href="/wiki/Rotaxane" title="Rotaxane">rotaxane</a> with a cyclobis(paraquat-<i>p</i>-phenylene) <a href="/wiki/Macrocycle" title="Macrocycle">macrocycle</a> reported by Stoddart and coworkers in the Eur. J. Org. Chem. 1998, 2565–2571.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Catenane_Crystal_Structure_ChemComm_page634_1991_commons.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Catenane_Crystal_Structure_ChemComm_page634_1991_commons.png/250px-Catenane_Crystal_Structure_ChemComm_page634_1991_commons.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Catenane_Crystal_Structure_ChemComm_page634_1991_commons.png/375px-Catenane_Crystal_Structure_ChemComm_page634_1991_commons.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Catenane_Crystal_Structure_ChemComm_page634_1991_commons.png/500px-Catenane_Crystal_Structure_ChemComm_page634_1991_commons.png 2x" data-file-width="767" data-file-height="694" /></a><figcaption>Crystal structure of a <a href="/wiki/Catenane" title="Catenane">catenane</a> with a cyclobis(paraquat-<i>p</i>-phenylene) <a href="/wiki/Macrocycle" title="Macrocycle">macrocycle</a> reported by Stoddart and coworkers in the Chem. Commun., 1991, 634–639.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Molecular_Borromean_Rings_Atwood_Stoddart_commons.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Molecular_Borromean_Rings_Atwood_Stoddart_commons.png/250px-Molecular_Borromean_Rings_Atwood_Stoddart_commons.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Molecular_Borromean_Rings_Atwood_Stoddart_commons.png/375px-Molecular_Borromean_Rings_Atwood_Stoddart_commons.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Molecular_Borromean_Rings_Atwood_Stoddart_commons.png/500px-Molecular_Borromean_Rings_Atwood_Stoddart_commons.png 2x" data-file-width="595" data-file-height="641" /></a><figcaption>Crystal structure of <a href="/wiki/Molecular_Borromean_rings" title="Molecular Borromean rings">molecular Borromean rings</a> reported by Stoddart and coworkers Science 2004, 304, 1308–1312.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Sir James Fraser Stoddart</b> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">FRS</a></span> <span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society_of_Edinburgh" class="mw-redirect" title="Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh">FRSE</a></span> <span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Honorary_Fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_of_Chemistry" class="mw-redirect" title="Honorary Fellows of the Royal Society of Chemistry">HonFRSC</a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-frs_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frs-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (born 24 May 1942<sup id="cite_ref-whoswho_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whoswho-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is a <a href="/wiki/British_Americans" title="British Americans">British-American</a> <a href="/wiki/Chemist" title="Chemist">chemist</a> who is Chair Professor in Chemistry at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Hong_Kong" title="University of Hong Kong">University of Hong Kong</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He has also been Board of Trustees Professor of Chemistry and head of the Stoddart Mechanostereochemistry Group in the Department of Chemistry at <a href="/wiki/Northwestern_University" title="Northwestern University">Northwestern University</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He works in the area of <a href="/wiki/Supramolecular_chemistry" title="Supramolecular chemistry">supramolecular chemistry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nanotechnology" title="Nanotechnology">nanotechnology</a>. Stoddart has developed highly efficient syntheses of <a href="/wiki/Mechanically-interlocked_molecular_architectures" class="mw-redirect" title="Mechanically-interlocked molecular architectures">mechanically-interlocked molecular architectures</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Molecular_Borromean_rings" title="Molecular Borromean rings">molecular Borromean rings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catenane" title="Catenane">catenanes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rotaxane" title="Rotaxane">rotaxanes</a> utilising <a href="/wiki/Molecular_recognition" title="Molecular recognition">molecular recognition</a> and <a href="/wiki/Molecular_self-assembly" title="Molecular self-assembly">molecular self-assembly</a> processes. He has demonstrated that these topologies can be employed as molecular switches.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His group has even applied these structures in the fabrication of nanoelectronic devices and <a href="/wiki/Nanoelectromechanical_systems" title="Nanoelectromechanical systems">nanoelectromechanical systems</a> (NEMS).<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His efforts have been recognized by numerous awards, including the 2007 <a href="/wiki/King_Faisal_International_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="King Faisal International Prize">King Faisal International Prize</a> in Science.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Faisal_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Faisal-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CNANOI_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNANOI-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He shared the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Nobel Prize in Chemistry</a> together with <a href="/wiki/Ben_Feringa" title="Ben Feringa">Ben Feringa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Sauvage" title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage">Jean-Pierre Sauvage</a> in 2016 for the design and synthesis of <a href="/wiki/Molecular_machine" title="Molecular machine">molecular machines</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NP-20161005_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NP-20161005-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NYT-20161005_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-20161005-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Davis_Sample_2016_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davis_Sample_2016-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Van_NoordenCastelvecchi2016_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Van_NoordenCastelvecchi2016-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education_and_early_life">Education and early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fraser_Stoddart&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Education and early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fraser Stoddart was born in <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>, on 24 May 1942, the only child of Tom and Jean Stoddart.<sup id="cite_ref-Capecelatro,_Alex_N._2007_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Capecelatro,_Alex_N._2007-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sir_J_2018_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sir_J_2018-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was brought up as a tenant farmer on Edgelaw Farm, a small community consisting of three families. Sir Fraser professes a passion for jigsaw puzzles and construction toys in his formative years, which he believes was the basis for his interest in molecular construction.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fraser Stoddart was a shy and serene boy and young man.<sup id="cite_ref-Capecelatro,_Alex_N._2007_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Capecelatro,_Alex_N._2007-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sir_J_2018_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sir_J_2018-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He received early schooling at the local village school in <a href="/wiki/Carrington,_Midlothian" title="Carrington, Midlothian">Carrington, Midlothian</a>, before going on to <a href="/wiki/Melville_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Melville College">Melville College</a> in Edinburgh.<sup id="cite_ref-Capecelatro_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Capecelatro-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Melville_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Melville-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He started at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh" title="University of Edinburgh">University of Edinburgh</a> in 1960 where he initially studied chemistry, physics and mathematics<sup id="cite_ref-Capecelatro,_Alex_N._2007_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Capecelatro,_Alex_N._2007-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was awarded a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">Bachelor of Science</a> degree in Chemistry in 1964 followed by a <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy">Doctor of Philosophy</a> in 1966<sup id="cite_ref-stodphd_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stodphd-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for research on <a href="/wiki/Natural_gum" title="Natural gum">natural gums</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Acacia" title="Acacia">Acacias</a></i> supervised by Sir <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Langley_Hirst" class="mw-redirect" title="Edmund Langley Hirst">Edmund Langley Hirst</a> and D M W Anderson<sup id="cite_ref-cv_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cv-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from the University of Edinburgh.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fraser_Stoddart&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1967, he went to <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_University_at_Kingston" title="Queen's University at Kingston">Queen's University</a> (Canada) as a <a href="/wiki/National_Research_Council_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="National Research Council of Canada">National Research Council</a> Postdoctoral Fellow. In 1970 he moved to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Sheffield" title="University of Sheffield">University of Sheffield</a> as an <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Chemical_Industries" title="Imperial Chemical Industries">Imperial Chemical Industries</a> (ICI) Research Fellow, before joining the academic staff as a lecturer in chemistry. In early 1978 he was a <a href="/wiki/Science_Research_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Science Research Council">Science Research Council</a> Senior Visiting Fellow at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Los_Angeles" title="University of California, Los Angeles">University of California, Los Angeles</a> (UCLA) Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry. Later in 1978, he was transferred to the ICI Corporate Laboratory in <a href="/wiki/Runcorn" title="Runcorn">Runcorn</a>, England where he first started investigating the mechanically interlocked molecules that would eventually become molecular machines.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the end of the three year secondment he returned to Sheffield<sup id="cite_ref-Marcus_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marcus-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where he was promoted to a Readership in 1982. </p><p>He was awarded a <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Science" title="Doctor of Science">Doctor of Science</a> degree from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh" title="University of Edinburgh">University of Edinburgh</a> in 1980<sup id="cite_ref-stodsc_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stodsc-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for his research into <a href="/wiki/Stereochemistry" title="Stereochemistry">stereochemistry</a> beyond the molecule. In 1990, he moved to the Chair of <a href="/wiki/Organic_Chemistry" class="mw-redirect" title="Organic Chemistry">Organic Chemistry</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Birmingham" title="University of Birmingham">University of Birmingham</a> and was Head of the School of Chemistry there (1993–97) before moving to UCLA as the <a href="/wiki/Saul_Winstein" title="Saul Winstein">Saul Winstein</a> Professor of Chemistry in 1997, succeeding Nobel laureate <a href="/wiki/Donald_Cram" class="mw-redirect" title="Donald Cram">Donald Cram</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CNANOI_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNANOI-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wolpert_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wolpert-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 2002, he became the Acting Co-Director of the <a href="/wiki/California_NanoSystems_Institute" title="California NanoSystems Institute">California NanoSystems Institute</a> (CNSI). In May 2003, he became the <a href="/wiki/Fred_Kavli" title="Fred Kavli">Fred Kavli</a> Chair of NanoSystems Sciences and served from then through August 2007 as the Director of the CNSI.<sup id="cite_ref-Wolpert_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wolpert-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2008, he established the Mechanostereochemistry Group and was named Board of Trustees Professor in Chemistry at Northwestern University.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He went on to be the Director of the Center for the Chemistry of Integrated Systems (CCIS) at Northwestern University in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2017, Stoddart was appointed a part-time position at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_New_South_Wales" title="University of New South Wales">University of New South Wales</a> to establish his <i>New Chemistry</i> initiative at the UNSW School of Chemistry.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2019, Stoddart introduced a skincare brand called Noble Panacea.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2021, he co-founded a startup called H2MOF, dedicated to solving the challenges associated with hydrogen storage and transportation.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2023, he joined the University of Hong Kong as Chair Professor of Chemistry.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During 35 years, nearly 300 PhD students and <a href="/wiki/Postdoctoral_research" class="mw-redirect" title="Postdoctoral research">postdoctoral researchers</a> have been trained in his laboratories.<sup id="cite_ref-Capecelatro_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Capecelatro-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Research">Research</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fraser_Stoddart&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Stoddart is one of only a few chemists of the past quarter century to pioneer a new field in organic chemistry. By establishing a new field where the main feature is mechanical bonds he has paved the way for molecular recognition, self-assembly processes for template-directed mechanically interlocked syntheses, molecular switches, and motor-molecules. These advances have formed the basis of the fields of nanoelectronic devices, nanoelectromechanical systems, and molecular machines.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NP-20161005_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NP-20161005-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of his major contributions to the development of <a href="/wiki/Mechanically-interlocked_molecular_architectures" class="mw-redirect" title="Mechanically-interlocked molecular architectures">mechanically-interlocked molecular architectures</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Rotaxane" title="Rotaxane">rotaxanes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Catenane" title="Catenane">catenanes</a> has been the establishment of efficient synthetic protocols based on the binding of <a href="/wiki/Cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene)" title="Cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene)">cyclobis(paraquat-<i>p</i>-phenylene)</a> with electron-rich aromatic guests.<sup id="cite_ref-Stoddart_2009_p=1802_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stoddart_2009_p=1802-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His group reported the synthesis of an advanced mechanically interlocked molecular architecture called <a href="/wiki/Molecular_Borromean_rings" title="Molecular Borromean rings">molecular Borromean rings</a> through the use of <a href="/wiki/Dynamic_covalent_chemistry" title="Dynamic covalent chemistry">dynamic covalent chemistry</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Chichak_pp._1308–1312_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chichak_pp._1308–1312-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The efficient procedures developed to synthesize these molecular architectures has been applied to the construction of <a href="/wiki/Molecular_switch" title="Molecular switch">molecular switches</a> that operate based on the movement of the various components with respect to one another. These interlocked molecules have potential uses as <a href="/wiki/Molecular_sensor" title="Molecular sensor">molecular sensors</a>, <a href="/wiki/Actuators" class="mw-redirect" title="Actuators">actuators</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amplifiers" class="mw-redirect" title="Amplifiers">amplifiers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Molecular_switch" title="Molecular switch">molecular switches</a>, and can be controlled chemically, electrically, and optically.<sup id="cite_ref-Science_Watch_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Science_Watch-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>His work bridges the gap between chemistry and the scientific and engineering challenges of nanoelectromechanical systems."<sup id="cite_ref-Davy_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davy-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Stoddart has pioneered the use of <a href="/wiki/Mechanically_interlocked_molecular_architectures" title="Mechanically interlocked molecular architectures">mechanically interlocked molecular architectures</a> to create <a href="/wiki/Nanomechanics" title="Nanomechanics">nanomechanical systems</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Richards_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Richards-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Madou_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Madou-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He has demonstrated that such devices can be fabricated using a combination of the <a href="/wiki/Top-down_and_bottom-up_design" class="mw-redirect" title="Top-down and bottom-up design">bottom-up</a> approach of <a href="/wiki/Molecular_self-assembly" title="Molecular self-assembly">molecular self-assembly</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Top-down_and_bottom-up_design" class="mw-redirect" title="Top-down and bottom-up design">top-down approach</a> of <a href="/wiki/Lithography" title="Lithography">lithography</a> and <a href="/wiki/Microfabrication" title="Microfabrication">microfabrication</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tseng_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tseng-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The credit for making molecular machines attractive to chemists goes to Fraser Stoddart, ... He had the vision to realise that these architectures gave you the possibility of large amplitude-controlled motions, and that that could be the basis of molecular machines. <a href="/wiki/David_Leigh_(scientist)" title="David Leigh (scientist)">David Leigh</a><sup id="cite_ref-Richards_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Richards-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Presentation_style">Presentation style</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fraser_Stoddart&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Presentation style"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="width: 180px; clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External videos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Molecular_Solomon%27s_knot_AngewChemIntEd_2007_v46_p218.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Molecular_Solomon%27s_knot_AngewChemIntEd_2007_v46_p218.jpg/170px-Molecular_Solomon%27s_knot_AngewChemIntEd_2007_v46_p218.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Molecular_Solomon%27s_knot_AngewChemIntEd_2007_v46_p218.jpg/255px-Molecular_Solomon%27s_knot_AngewChemIntEd_2007_v46_p218.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Molecular_Solomon%27s_knot_AngewChemIntEd_2007_v46_p218.jpg/340px-Molecular_Solomon%27s_knot_AngewChemIntEd_2007_v46_p218.jpg 2x" data-file-width="842" data-file-height="786" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://steamconnect.org/fraser-stoddart-mingling-art-with-science/">"Fraser Stoddart: Mingling Art with Science"</a>, STE[+a]M Connect</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=96uHJq4yqCY">"The Beauty and Promise of Molecular Nanotechnology"</a>, PSW Science</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1wfeBIpYooA">"Fraser Stoddart on Molecular Assembly"</a>, 1990, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Birmingham" title="University of Birmingham">University of Birmingham</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Stoddart's papers and other material are instantly recognizable due to a distinctive "<a href="/wiki/Cartoon" title="Cartoon">cartoon</a>"-style of <a href="/wiki/Scientific_visualization" title="Scientific visualization">representation</a> he has developed since the late 1980s. A solid circle is often placed in the middle of the <a href="/wiki/Aromatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Aromatic">aromatic</a> rings of the molecular structures he has reported, and different colours to highlight different parts of the molecules. The different colours usually correspond to the different parts of a cartoon representation of the molecule, but are also used to represent specific molecular properties (blue, for example, is used to represent <a href="/wiki/Electron_acceptor" title="Electron acceptor">electron-poor recognition units</a> while red is used to represent the corresponding <a href="/wiki/Electron_donor" title="Electron donor">electron-rich recognition units</a>). The distinctive colouring has led to coining the term 'little blue box' for cyclophane, an important π-acceptor used to synthesize mechanically bonded structures.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stoddart maintains this standardized colour scheme across all of his publications and presentations, and his style has been adopted by other researchers reporting mechanically interlocked molecules based on his syntheses.<sup id="cite_ref-Art_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Art-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Brough_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brough-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ISI_ratings">ISI ratings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fraser_Stoddart&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: ISI ratings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of 2022<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fraser_Stoddart&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> Stoddart has an <a href="/wiki/H-index" title="H-index">h-index</a> of 175.<sup id="cite_ref-H-Index_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-H-Index-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2016 he had published more than 1000 publications and holds at least ten patents.<sup id="cite_ref-Publications_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Publications-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the period from January 1997 to 31 August 2007, he was ranked by the <a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Scientific_Information" title="Institute for Scientific Information">Institute for Scientific Information</a> as the third most cited chemist with a total of 14,038 citations from 304 papers at a frequency of 46.2 citations per paper. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Scientific_Information" title="Institute for Scientific Information">Institute for Scientific Information</a> (ISI) predicted that Fraser Stoddart was a likely laureate of the 2003 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a> in Chemistry along with <a href="/wiki/George_M._Whitesides" title="George M. Whitesides">George M. Whitesides</a> and <a href="/wiki/Seiji_Shinkai" title="Seiji Shinkai">Seiji Shinkai</a> for their contributions to molecular self-assembly.<sup id="cite_ref-Predicts_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Predicts-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the Prize eventually went to <a href="/wiki/Peter_Agre" title="Peter Agre">Peter Agre</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roderick_MacKinnon" title="Roderick MacKinnon">Roderick MacKinnon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Nobel2003_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nobel2003-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_honors">Awards and honors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fraser_Stoddart&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Awards and honors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Stoddart was appointed a <a href="/wiki/Knight_Bachelor" title="Knight Bachelor">Knight Bachelor</a> in the New Year's Honours December 2006, by <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom">Queen Elizabeth II</a> for Services to Chemistry and Molecular Nanotechnology.<sup id="cite_ref-Marcus_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marcus-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Knight_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Knight-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2007, he received the <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein_World_Award_of_Science" title="Albert Einstein World Award of Science">Albert Einstein World Award of Science</a> in recognition for his outstanding and pioneering work in molecular recognition and self-assembly, and the introduction of quick and efficient template-directed synthetic routes to mechanically interlocked molecular compounds, which have changed the way chemists think about molecular switches and machines.<sup id="cite_ref-WCC_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WCC-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2016, he shared the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Nobel Prize in Chemistry</a> together with <a href="/wiki/Ben_Feringa" title="Ben Feringa">Ben Feringa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Sauvage" title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage">Jean-Pierre Sauvage</a> for the design and synthesis of <a href="/wiki/Molecular_machine" title="Molecular machine">molecular machines</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NP-20161005_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NP-20161005-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Memberships">Memberships</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fraser_Stoddart&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Memberships"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 35em;"> <ul><li>2014 Membership, <a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="National Academy of Sciences">National Academy of Sciences</a>, US<sup id="cite_ref-NAS_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NAS-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2012 Fellowship, <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a>, US<sup id="cite_ref-Anyaso_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anyaso-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2011 Honorary Fellowship, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_of_Chemistry" title="Royal Society of Chemistry">Royal Society of Chemistry</a>, UK<sup id="cite_ref-RSCFellow_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RSCFellow-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2008 Honorary Fellowship, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_of_Edinburgh" title="Royal Society of Edinburgh">Royal Society of Edinburgh</a>, UK<sup id="cite_ref-RSEFellow_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RSEFellow-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2006 Appointed Knight Bachelor by HM Queen Elizabeth II, UK<sup id="cite_ref-Knight_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Knight-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2006 Foreign membership, Science Division of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Netherlands_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences">Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences</a><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2005 Fellowship, <a href="/wiki/American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science" title="American Association for the Advancement of Science">American Association for the Advancement of Science</a>, US<sup id="cite_ref-AAAS_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAAS-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1999 Fellowship, <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Sciences_Leopoldina" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy of Sciences Leopoldina">Academy of Natural Sciences (Leopoldina)</a>, Germany<sup id="cite_ref-Leopoldina_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Leopoldina-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1994 Elected a <a href="/wiki/List_of_Fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1994" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1994">Fellow of the Royal Society</a> of London, UK<sup id="cite_ref-frs_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frs-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_awards_and_honours">Other awards and honours</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fraser_Stoddart&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Other awards and honours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 35em;"> <ul><li>2018 Fray International Sustainability Award <sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2016 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Nobel Prize in Chemistry</a></li> <li>2016 Haworth Memorial Lectureship, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_of_Chemistry" title="Royal Society of Chemistry">Royal Society of Chemistry</a><sup id="cite_ref-Haworth_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haworth-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Haworth_lecture_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haworth_lecture-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2014 Centenary Prize Winner, Royal Society of Chemistry<sup id="cite_ref-Centenary_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Centenary-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2012 Distinguished Citizen Award, Illinois Saint Andrew Society, Chicago, US</li> <li>2010 Royal Medal of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_of_Edinburgh" title="Royal Society of Edinburgh">Royal Society of Edinburgh</a> presented by <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Edinburgh" title="Duke of Edinburgh">Duke of Edinburgh</a><sup id="cite_ref-RSE_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RSE-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fellman_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fellman-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2008 <a href="/wiki/Davy_Medal" title="Davy Medal">Davy Medal</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_of_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Society of London">Royal Society of London</a><sup id="cite_ref-Davy_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davy-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2008 <a href="/wiki/American_Chemical_Society" title="American Chemical Society">American Chemical Society</a> <a href="/wiki/Arthur_C._Cope_Award" title="Arthur C. Cope Award">Arthur C. Cope Award</a><sup id="cite_ref-ACSCope2008_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ACSCope2008-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2007 <a href="/wiki/Feynman_Prize_in_Nanotechnology" title="Feynman Prize in Nanotechnology">Feynman Prize in Nanotechnology</a> (Experimental)<sup id="cite_ref-Feynman_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Feynman-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2007 <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein_World_Award_of_Science" title="Albert Einstein World Award of Science">Albert Einstein World Award of Science</a><sup id="cite_ref-WCC_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WCC-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2007 <a href="/wiki/Tetrahedron_Prize" title="Tetrahedron Prize">Tetrahedron Prize</a> for Creativity in Organic Chemistry<sup id="cite_ref-Tetrahedron_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tetrahedron-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2007 <a href="/wiki/King_Faisal_International_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="King Faisal International Prize">King Faisal International Prize</a> in Science<sup id="cite_ref-Faisal_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Faisal-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CNANOI_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNANOI-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2007 <a href="/wiki/Jabir_Ibn_Hayyan" class="mw-redirect" title="Jabir Ibn Hayyan">Jabir Ibn Hayyan</a> (Geber) Medal (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Saudi_Chemical_Society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saudi Chemical Society (page does not exist)">Saudi Chemical Society</a>)</li> <li>2005 University of Edinburgh Alumnus of the Year 2005 Award<sup id="cite_ref-Edinburgh_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Edinburgh-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2004 Nagoya Gold Medal in Organic Chemistry<sup id="cite_ref-Nagoya_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nagoya-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1999 American Chemical Society Arthur C Cope Scholar Award<sup id="cite_ref-ACSCope1999_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ACSCope1999-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1993 <a href="/wiki/International_Izatt-Christensen_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="International Izatt-Christensen Award">International Izatt-Christensen Award</a> in Macrocyclic Chemistry<sup id="cite_ref-Izatt-Christensen_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Izatt-Christensen-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fraser_Stoddart&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Stoddart is an <a href="/wiki/Americans" title="Americans">American</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">British</a> citizen. Stoddart was married to Norma Agnes Scholan from 1968<sup id="cite_ref-whoswho_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whoswho-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Award_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Award-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Scotsman_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scotsman-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> until her death in 2004 from cancer.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Norma Stoddart obtained a PhD in biochemistry and helped support the research efforts of her husband at the Universities of Sheffield, Birmingham, and California, Los Angeles.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stoddart has two daughters; Fiona and Alison. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Philanthropy">Philanthropy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fraser_Stoddart&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Philanthropy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Fraser and Norma Stoddart Prize for PhD students has been established at their alma mater, the University of Edinburgh.<sup id="cite_ref-Award_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Award-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was given for the first time in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-Prize_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prize-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fraser_Stoddart&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-frs-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-frs_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-frs_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-frs_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAnon1994" class="citation web cs1">Anon (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160815114707/https://royalsociety.org/people/james-stoddart-12357/">"Sir James Stoddart FRS"</a>. <i>royalsociety.org</i>. London: <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://royalsociety.org/people/james-stoddart-12357/">the original</a> on 15 August 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=royalsociety.org&rft.atitle=Sir+James+Stoddart+FRS&rft.date=1994&rft.au=Anon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Froyalsociety.org%2Fpeople%2Fjames-stoddart-12357%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFraser+Stoddart" class="Z3988"></span> One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from the royalsociety.org website where: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>All text published under the heading 'Biography' on Fellow profile pages is available under <a href="/wiki/Creative_Commons_license" title="Creative Commons license">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>." --<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150925220834/https://royalsociety.org/about-us/terms-conditions-policies/">"Royal Society Terms, conditions and policies"</a>. Archived from the original on 25 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Royal+Society+Terms%2C+conditions+and+policies&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Froyalsociety.org%2Fabout-us%2Fterms-conditions-policies%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFraser+Stoddart" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span></p></blockquote></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NP-20161005-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NP-20161005_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NP-20161005_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NP-20161005_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NP-20161005_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStaff2016" class="citation news cs1">Staff (5 October 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2016/press.html">"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2016"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Foundation" title="Nobel Foundation">Nobel Foundation</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nobel+Foundation&rft.atitle=The+Nobel+Prize+in+Chemistry+2016&rft.date=2016-10-05&rft.au=Staff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fchemistry%2Flaureates%2F2016%2Fpress.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFraser+Stoddart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cv-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cv_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cv_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cv_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161005211334/http://stoddart.northwestern.edu/Fraser_Stoddart/Stoddart%20CV%20full.pdf">"James Fraser Stoddart: Curriculum Vitae, Full Version"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>stoddart.northwestern.edu</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stoddart.northwestern.edu/Fraser_Stoddart/Stoddart%20CV%20full.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 5 October 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=stoddart.northwestern.edu&rft.atitle=James+Fraser+Stoddart%3A+Curriculum+Vitae%2C+Full+Version&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstoddart.northwestern.edu%2FFraser_Stoddart%2FStoddart%2520CV%2520full.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFraser+Stoddart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rsc.org/ScienceAndTechnology/Awards/MerckAward/2009winner.asp">"2009 winner of the RSC Merck Award"</a>. Royal Society of Chemistry<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2009+winner+of+the+RSC+Merck+Award&rft.pub=Royal+Society+of+Chemistry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rsc.org%2FScienceAndTechnology%2FAwards%2FMerckAward%2F2009winner.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFraser+Stoddart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-whoswho-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-whoswho_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-whoswho_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-whoswho_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-whoswho_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whoswho/U36360">"STODDART, Sir (James) Fraser"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Who%27s_Who_(UK)" title="Who's Who (UK)">Who's Who</a></i>. Vol. 1997 (online <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a> ed.). Oxford: A & C Black.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=STODDART%2C+Sir+%28James%29+Fraser&rft.btitle=Who%27s+Who&rft.place=Oxford&rft.edition=online+Oxford+University+Press&rft.pub=A+%26+C+Black&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ukwhoswho.com%2Fview%2Farticle%2Foupww%2Fwhoswho%2FU36360&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFraser+Stoddart" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ukwhoswho.com/page/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Award-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Award_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Award_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Award_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160701065749/http://www.chem.ed.ac.uk/alumni/get-informed/newsletter-issue-5/alumnus-presents-new-prize-phd-students">"Alumnus Presents New Prize for PhD Students"</a>. <i>University of Edinburgh</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chem.ed.ac.uk/alumni/get-informed/newsletter-issue-5/alumnus-presents-new-prize-phd-students">the original</a> on 1 July 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=University+of+Edinburgh&rft.atitle=Alumnus+Presents+New+Prize+for+PhD+Students&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chem.ed.ac.uk%2Falumni%2Fget-informed%2Fnewsletter-issue-5%2Falumnus-presents-new-prize-phd-students&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFraser+Stoddart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Scotsman-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Scotsman_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Scotsman_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scotsman.com/news/obituaries/norma-stoddart-1-513988">"Norma Stoddart (Obituary)"</a>. <i>The Scotsman</i>. 16 February 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Scotsman&rft.atitle=Norma+Stoddart+%28Obituary%29&rft.date=2004-02-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scotsman.com%2Fnews%2Fobituaries%2Fnorma-stoddart-1-513988&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFraser+Stoddart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hku.hk/press/news_detail_26533.html">"Nobel Laureate Professor Sir Fraser Stoddart joins HKU as Chair Professor of Chemistry - All News - Media - HKU"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nobel+Laureate+Professor+Sir+Fraser+Stoddart+joins+HKU+as+Chair+Professor+of+Chemistry+-+All+News+-+Media+-+HKU&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hku.hk%2Fpress%2Fnews_detail_26533.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFraser+Stoddart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190704142443/https://www.northwestern.edu/newscenter/stories/2007/08/stoddart.html">"Nanotechnology Star Fraser Stoddart to Join Northwestern"</a>. <i>NewsCenter</i>. <a href="/wiki/Northwestern_University" title="Northwestern University">Northwestern University</a>. 16 August 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.northwestern.edu/newscenter/stories/2007/08/stoddart.html">the original</a> on 4 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NewsCenter&rft.atitle=Nanotechnology+Star+Fraser+Stoddart+to+Join+Northwestern&rft.date=2007-08-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.northwestern.edu%2Fnewscenter%2Fstories%2F2007%2F08%2Fstoddart.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFraser+Stoddart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A. Coskun, M. Banaszak, <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Dean_Astumian" class="mw-redirect" title="Raymond Dean Astumian">R. D. Astumian</a>, J. F. Stoddart, B. A. Grzybowski, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C1CS15262A"><i>Chem. Soc. Rev.</i>, 2012, 41, 19–30</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A. Coskun, J. M. Spruell, G. Barin, W. R. Dichtel, A. H. Flood, Y. Y. Botros, J. F. Stoddart. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C2CS35053J"><i>Chem. Soc. Rev.</i>, <b>2012</b>, <i>41</i> (14), 4827–59.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Scientists'_Channel" class="citation web cs1">The Scientists' Channel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thescientistschannel.com/sir-james-fraser-stoddart">"Sir James Fraser Stoddart"</a>. <i>www.thescientistschannel.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.thescientistschannel.com&rft.atitle=Sir+James+Fraser+Stoddart&rft.au=The+Scientists%27+Channel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thescientistschannel.com%2Fsir-james-fraser-stoddart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFraser+Stoddart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Faisal-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Faisal_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Faisal_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cen.acs.org/articles/85/i12/Stoddart-Wins-King-Faisal-International.html?type=paidArticleContent">"Stoddart Wins King Faisal International Prize"</a>. <i>Chemical & Engineering News</i>. <b>85</b> (12): 71. 19 March 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+%26+Engineering+News&rft.atitle=Stoddart+Wins+King+Faisal+International+Prize&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=71&rft.date=2007-03-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcen.acs.org%2Farticles%2F85%2Fi12%2FStoddart-Wins-King-Faisal-International.html%3Ftype%3DpaidArticleContent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFraser+Stoddart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CNANOI-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CNANOI_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CNANOI_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CNANOI_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070210012644/http://www.cnsi.ucla.edu/news/item?item_id=235742">"Fraser Stoddart is awarded the 2007 King Faisal International Prize for Science"</a>. <i>California NanoSystems Institute</i>. 17 January 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnsi.ucla.edu/news/item?item_id=235742">the original</a> on 10 February 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=California+NanoSystems+Institute&rft.atitle=Fraser+Stoddart+is+awarded+the+2007+King+Faisal+International+Prize+for+Science&rft.date=2007-01-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnsi.ucla.edu%2Fnews%2Fitem%3Fitem_id%3D235742&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFraser+Stoddart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT-20161005-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NYT-20161005_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChangChan2016" class="citation news cs1">Chang, Kenneth; Chan, Sewell (5 October 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/06/science/nobel-prize-chemistry.html">"3 Makers of 'World's Smallest Machines' Awarded Nobel Prize in Chemistry"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=3+Makers+of+%27World%27s+Smallest+Machines%27+Awarded+Nobel+Prize+in+Chemistry&rft.date=2016-10-05&rft.aulast=Chang&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft.au=Chan%2C+Sewell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F10%2F06%2Fscience%2Fnobel-prize-chemistry.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFraser+Stoddart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Davis_Sample_2016-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Davis_Sample_2016_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavisSample2016" class="citation web cs1">Davis, Nicola; Sample, Ian (5 October 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/science/live/2016/oct/05/nobel-prize-in-chemistry-2016-to-be-announced-live">"live"</a>. <i>the Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=the+Guardian&rft.atitle=live&rft.date=2016-10-05&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Nicola&rft.au=Sample%2C+Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fscience%2Flive%2F2016%2Foct%2F05%2Fnobel-prize-in-chemistry-2016-to-be-announced-live&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFraser+Stoddart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2016/summary/">"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2016"</a>. <i>NobelPrize.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NobelPrize.org&rft.atitle=The+Nobel+Prize+in+Chemistry+2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fprizes%2Fchemistry%2F2016%2Fsummary%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFraser+Stoddart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Van_NoordenCastelvecchi2016-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Van_NoordenCastelvecchi2016_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_NoordenCastelvecchi2016" class="citation journal cs1">Van Noorden, Richard; Castelvecchi, Davide (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature.2016.20734">"World's tiniest machines win chemistry Nobel"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Nature_(journal)" title="Nature (journal)">Nature</a></i>. <b>538</b> (7624): 152–153. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016Natur.538..152V">2016Natur.538..152V</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature.2016.20734">10.1038/nature.2016.20734</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27734892">27734892</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=World%27s+tiniest+machines+win+chemistry+Nobel&rft.volume=538&rft.issue=7624&rft.pages=152-153&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27734892&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature.2016.20734&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2016Natur.538..152V&rft.aulast=Van+Noorden&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.au=Castelvecchi%2C+Davide&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1038%252Fnature.2016.20734&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFraser+Stoddart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Capecelatro,_Alex_N._2007-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Capecelatro,_Alex_N._2007_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Capecelatro,_Alex_N._2007_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Capecelatro,_Alex_N._2007_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Capecelatro, Alex N. (2007). "From Auld Reekie to the City of Angels, and all the Meccano in between: A Glimpse into the Life and Mind of Sir Fraser Stoddart" (PDF). The UCLA USJ. 20. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 March 2016. Retrieved 27 May 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sir_J_2018-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sir_J_2018_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sir_J_2018_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Sir J. Fraser Stoddart – Facts". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 18 November 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2016/stoddart/lecture/">"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2016"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Nobel+Prize+in+Chemistry+2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fprizes%2Fchemistry%2F2016%2Fstoddart%2Flecture%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFraser+Stoddart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Capecelatro-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Capecelatro_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Capecelatro_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCapecelatro2007" class="citation journal cs1">Capecelatro, Alex N. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160331234220/http://stoddart.northwestern.edu/Interviews/Interview1.pdf">"From Auld Reekie to the City of Angels, and all the Meccano in between: A Glimpse into the Life and Mind of Sir Fraser Stoddart"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The UCLA USJ</i>. <b>20</b>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stoddart.northwestern.edu/Interviews/Interview1.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 31 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+UCLA+USJ&rft.atitle=From+Auld+Reekie+to+the+City+of+Angels%2C+and+all+the+Meccano+in+between%3A+A+Glimpse+into+the+Life+and+Mind+of+Sir+Fraser+Stoddart&rft.volume=20&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Capecelatro&rft.aufirst=Alex+N.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstoddart.northwestern.edu%2FInterviews%2FInterview1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFraser+Stoddart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Melville-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Melville_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://issuu.com/stewartsmelvillefpnews/docs/fp_news_2014">"It's all Kids Stuff"</a>. <i>FP News, The magazine and Annual Review of The Stewart's Melville FP Club</i>. Daniel Stewart's and Melville College Former Pupils Club. December 2014. pp. 13–14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FP+News%2C+The+magazine+and+Annual+Review+of+The+Stewart%27s+Melville+FP+Club&rft.atitle=It%27s+all+Kids+Stuff&rft.pages=13-14&rft.date=2014-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fissuu.com%2Fstewartsmelvillefpnews%2Fdocs%2Ffp_news_2014&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFraser+Stoddart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stodphd-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-stodphd_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStoddart1967" class="citation thesis cs1">Stoddart, James Fraser (1967). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.662504"><i>Studies on plant gums of the Acacia group</i></a> (PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Studies+on+plant+gums+of+the+Acacia+group&rft.degree=PhD&rft.inst=University+of+Edinburgh&rft.date=1967&rft.aulast=Stoddart&rft.aufirst=James+Fraser&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fethos.bl.uk%2FOrderDetails.do%3Fuin%3Duk.bl.ethos.662504&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFraser+Stoddart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"2005 – Professor J Fraser Stoddart". The University of Edinburgh. Retrieved 26 May 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_26-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2016/stoddart/lecture/">"Sir J. Fraser Stoddart – Facts"</a>. <i>NobelPrize.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NobelPrize.org&rft.atitle=Sir+J.+Fraser+Stoddart+%E2%80%93+Facts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fprizes%2Fchemistry%2F2016%2Fstoddart%2Flecture%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFraser+Stoddart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Marcus-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Marcus_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marcus_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarcus2007" class="citation web cs1">Marcus, Jennifer (4 January 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190218202130/http://newsroom.ucla.edu/releases/UCLA-s-J-Fraser-Stoddart-Adds-7598">"UCLA's J. Fraser Stoddart Adds Knight Bachelor to His List of Honors"</a>. <i>UCLA Newsroom</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newsroom.ucla.edu/releases/UCLA-s-J-Fraser-Stoddart-Adds-7598">the original</a> on 18 February 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UCLA+Newsroom&rft.atitle=UCLA%27s+J.+Fraser+Stoddart+Adds+Knight+Bachelor+to+His+List+of+Honors&rft.date=2007-01-04&rft.aulast=Marcus&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnewsroom.ucla.edu%2Freleases%2FUCLA-s-J-Fraser-Stoddart-Adds-7598&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFraser+Stoddart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stodsc-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-stodsc_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStoddart1980" class="citation thesis cs1">Stoddart, James Fraser (1980). <i>Some adventures in stereochemistry</i> (DSc thesis). University of Edinburgh. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/1842%2F14487">1842/14487</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/605975820">605975820</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Some+adventures+in+stereochemistry&rft.degree=DSc&rft.inst=University+of+Edinburgh&rft.date=1980&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F1842%2F14487&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F605975820&rft.aulast=Stoddart&rft.aufirst=James+Fraser&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFraser+Stoddart" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="open access publication – free to read"><img alt="Open access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/9px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/14px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/18px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wolpert-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wolpert_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wolpert_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWolpert2003" class="citation web cs1">Wolpert, Stuart (6 November 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161006210223/http://newsroom.ucla.edu/releases/UCLA-Chemist-Fraser-Stoddart-Named-4695">"UCLA Chemist Fraser Stoddart Named Director of California NanoSystems Institute"</a>. <i>UCLA Newsroom</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newsroom.ucla.edu/releases/UCLA-Chemist-Fraser-Stoddart-Named-4695">the original</a> on 6 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UCLA+Newsroom&rft.atitle=UCLA+Chemist+Fraser+Stoddart+Named+Director+of+California+NanoSystems+Institute&rft.date=2003-11-06&rft.aulast=Wolpert&rft.aufirst=Stuart&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnewsroom.ucla.edu%2Freleases%2FUCLA-Chemist-Fraser-Stoddart-Named-4695&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFraser+Stoddart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.northwestern.edu/stories/2016/10/fraser-stoddart-awarded-nobel-prize-in-chemistry/">"Sir Fraser Stoddart is awarded Nobel Prize in Chemistry"</a>. <i>news.northwestern.edu</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=news.northwestern.edu&rft.atitle=Sir+Fraser+Stoddart+is+awarded+Nobel+Prize+in+Chemistry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.northwestern.edu%2Fstories%2F2016%2F10%2Ffraser-stoddart-awarded-nobel-prize-in-chemistry%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFraser+Stoddart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"James Fraser Stoddart: Curriculum Vitae, Full Version" (PDF). stoddart.northwestern.edu. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 October 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newsroom.unsw.edu.au/news/science-tech/unsw-appoints-2016-nobel-prize-winner-chemistry-professor-sir-fraser-stoddart">"UNSW appoints 2016 Nobel Prize winner in Chemistry, Professor Sir Fraser Stoddart"</a>. <i>UNSW Newsroom</i>. 15 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNSW+Newsroom&rft.atitle=UNSW+appoints+2016+Nobel+Prize+winner+in+Chemistry%2C+Professor+Sir+Fraser+Stoddart&rft.date=2017-12-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewsroom.unsw.edu.au%2Fnews%2Fscience-tech%2Funsw-appoints-2016-nobel-prize-winner-chemistry-professor-sir-fraser-stoddart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFraser+Stoddart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vogue.com/slideshow/noble-panacea-met-event-launch">"Skin-Care Line Noble Panacea Launched with a Glitzy, Model-Heavy Gala at the Met"</a>. 23 October 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Skin-Care+Line+Noble+Panacea+Launched+with+a+Glitzy%2C+Model-Heavy+Gala+at+the+Met&rft.date=2019-10-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vogue.com%2Fslideshow%2Fnoble-panacea-met-event-launch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFraser+Stoddart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://h2mof.com/our-founders/">"Our founders"</a>. <i>H2MOF</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=H2MOF&rft.atitle=Our+founders&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fh2mof.com%2Four-founders%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFraser+Stoddart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hku.hk/press/news_detail_26533.html">"Nobel Laureate Professor Sir Fraser Stoddart joins HKU as Chair Professor of Chemistry - All News - Media - HKU"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nobel+Laureate+Professor+Sir+Fraser+Stoddart+joins+HKU+as+Chair+Professor+of+Chemistry+-+All+News+-+Media+-+HKU&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hku.hk%2Fpress%2Fnews_detail_26533.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFraser+Stoddart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stoddart.northwestern.edu/fraser-stoddart/">"Fraser Stoddart – Stoddart Mechanostereochemistry Group"</a>. <i>stoddart.northwestern.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=stoddart.northwestern.edu&rft.atitle=Fraser+Stoddart+%E2%80%93+Stoddart+Mechanostereochemistry+Group&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstoddart.northwestern.edu%2Ffraser-stoddart%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFraser+Stoddart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stoddart_2009_p=1802-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Stoddart_2009_p=1802_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStoddart2009" class="citation journal cs1">Stoddart, J. Fraser (2009). "The chemistry of the mechanical bond". <i>Chemical Society Reviews</i>. <b>38</b> (6). Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC): 1802–1820. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1039%2Fb819333a">10.1039/b819333a</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0306-0012">0306-0012</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19587969">19587969</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+Society+Reviews&rft.atitle=The+chemistry+of+the+mechanical+bond&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=1802-1820&rft.date=2009&rft.issn=0306-0012&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19587969&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1039%2Fb819333a&rft.aulast=Stoddart&rft.aufirst=J.+Fraser&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFraser+Stoddart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chichak_pp._1308–1312-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Chichak_pp._1308–1312_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChichak2004" class="citation journal cs1">Chichak, K. S. (28 May 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/22968/1/196491_534%20Cave%20PostPrint.pdf">"Molecular Borromean Rings"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Science</i>. <b>304</b> (5675). American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS): 1308–1312. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004Sci...304.1308C">2004Sci...304.1308C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1096914">10.1126/science.1096914</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0036-8075">0036-8075</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15166376">15166376</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:45191675">45191675</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Molecular+Borromean+Rings&rft.volume=304&rft.issue=5675&rft.pages=1308-1312&rft.date=2004-05-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A45191675%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2004Sci...304.1308C&rft.issn=0036-8075&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.1096914&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15166376&rft.aulast=Chichak&rft.aufirst=K.+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Firep.ntu.ac.uk%2Fid%2Feprint%2F22968%2F1%2F196491_534%2520Cave%2520PostPrint.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFraser+Stoddart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Science_Watch-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Science_Watch_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160331235024/http://stoddart.northwestern.edu/Interviews/Interview3.pdf">"UCLA's J. Fraser Stoddart on Switching to Molecular Electronics"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Science Watch</i>. <b>16</b> (5). 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stoddart.northwestern.edu/Interviews/Interview3.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 31 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+Watch&rft.atitle=UCLA%27s+J.+Fraser+Stoddart+on+Switching+to+Molecular+Electronics&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=5&rft.date=2005&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstoddart.northwestern.edu%2FInterviews%2FInterview3.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFraser+Stoddart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Davy-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Davy_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Davy_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1dsunM9ukGLgaW3HdG9cvJ_QKd7pWjGI0qi_fCb1ROD4/pubhtml?gid=1021770356&single=true">"Award Winners Davy Medal"</a>. <i>The Royal Society</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Royal+Society&rft.atitle=Award+Winners+Davy+Medal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.google.com%2Fspreadsheets%2Fd%2F1dsunM9ukGLgaW3HdG9cvJ_QKd7pWjGI0qi_fCb1ROD4%2Fpubhtml%3Fgid%3D1021770356%26single%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFraser+Stoddart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Richards-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Richards_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Richards_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichards2016" class="citation journal cs1">Richards, Victoria (16 February 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rsc.org/chemistryworld/2016/02/molecular-machines-rotaxanes-macrocycles-nano-walkers">"Molecular Machines"</a>. <i>Chemistry World</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemistry+World&rft.atitle=Molecular+Machines&rft.date=2016-02-16&rft.aulast=Richards&rft.aufirst=Victoria&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rsc.org%2Fchemistryworld%2F2016%2F02%2Fmolecular-machines-rotaxanes-macrocycles-nano-walkers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFraser+Stoddart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Madou-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Madou_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMadou2009" class="citation book cs1">Madou, Marc J. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IBzSBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA132"><i>From MEMS to bio-MEMS and bio-NEMS : manufacturing techniques and applications</i></a>. Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC. pp. 131–133. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4200-5516-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4200-5516-0"><bdi>978-1-4200-5516-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+MEMS+to+bio-MEMS+and+bio-NEMS+%3A+manufacturing+techniques+and+applications&rft.place=Boca+Raton%2C+Fla.&rft.pages=131-133&rft.pub=CRC&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-4200-5516-0&rft.aulast=Madou&rft.aufirst=Marc+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIBzSBQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA132&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFraser+Stoddart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tseng-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tseng_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStoddartTseng2002" class="citation journal cs1">Stoddart, J. F.; Tseng, H.-R. (12 March 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC122671">"Chemical synthesis gets a fillip from molecular recognition and self-assembly processes"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</i>. <b>99</b> (8): 4797–4800. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002PNAS...99.4797F">2002PNAS...99.4797F</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.052708999">10.1073/pnas.052708999</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC122671">122671</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11891314">11891314</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Chemical+synthesis+gets+a+fillip+from+molecular+recognition+and+self-assembly+processes&rft.volume=99&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=4797-4800&rft.date=2002-03-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC122671%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11891314&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.052708999&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2002PNAS...99.4797F&rft.aulast=Stoddart&rft.aufirst=J.+F.&rft.au=Tseng%2C+H.-R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC122671&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFraser+Stoddart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Art-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Art_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160623211417/http://steamconnect.org/fraser-stoddart-mingling-art-with-science/">"Fraser Stoddart: Mingling Art with Science"</a>. <i>Ste(a)m Connect</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://steamconnect.org/fraser-stoddart-mingling-art-with-science/">the original</a> on 23 June 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ste%28a%29m+Connect&rft.atitle=Fraser+Stoddart%3A+Mingling+Art+with+Science&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsteamconnect.org%2Ffraser-stoddart-mingling-art-with-science%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFraser+Stoddart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brough-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Brough_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBroughNorthropSchmidtTseng2006" class="citation journal cs1">Brough, B.; Northrop, B. H.; Schmidt, J. J.; Tseng, H.-R.; Houk, K. N.; Stoddart, J. F.; Ho, C.-M. (30 May 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1482623">"Evaluation of synthetic linear motor-molecule actuation energetics"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</i>. <b>103</b> (23): 8583–8588. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006PNAS..103.8583B">2006PNAS..103.8583B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.0509645103">10.1073/pnas.0509645103</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1482623">1482623</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16735470">16735470</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+synthetic+linear+motor-molecule+actuation+energetics&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=23&rft.pages=8583-8588&rft.date=2006-05-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1482623%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16735470&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.0509645103&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2006PNAS..103.8583B&rft.aulast=Brough&rft.aufirst=B.&rft.au=Northrop%2C+B.+H.&rft.au=Schmidt%2C+J.+J.&rft.au=Tseng%2C+H.-R.&rft.au=Houk%2C+K.+N.&rft.au=Stoddart%2C+J.+F.&rft.au=Ho%2C+C.-M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1482623&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFraser+Stoddart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-H-Index-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-H-Index_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webometrics.info/en/node/58">"1040 Highly Cited Researchers (h>100) according to their Google Scholar Citations public profiles"</a>. <i>Ranking Web of Universities</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ranking+Web+of+Universities&rft.atitle=1040+Highly+Cited+Researchers+%28h%3E100%29+according+to+their+Google+Scholar+Citations+public+profiles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webometrics.info%2Fen%2Fnode%2F58&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFraser+Stoddart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Publications-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Publications_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSTODDART" class="citation web cs1">STODDART, James Fraser. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160624212700/http://stoddart.northwestern.edu/Fraser_Stoddart/10-01-14%20JFSpubs_Ext.pdf">"List of Publications"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Northwestern University</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stoddart.northwestern.edu/Fraser_Stoddart/10-01-14%20JFSpubs_Ext.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 24 June 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Northwestern+University&rft.atitle=List+of+Publications&rft.aulast=STODDART&rft.aufirst=James+Fraser&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstoddart.northwestern.edu%2FFraser_Stoddart%2F10-01-14%2520JFSpubs_Ext.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFraser+Stoddart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Predicts-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Predicts_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20030929005649/en/Leading-Information-Solutions-Provider-Predicts-Nobel-Laureates">"Leading Information Solutions Provider Predicts Nobel Laureates; Thomson ISI Citation Laureates are Contenders for 2003 Nobel Prizes"</a>. <i>BusinessWire</i>. 29 September 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BusinessWire&rft.atitle=Leading+Information+Solutions+Provider+Predicts+Nobel+Laureates%3B+Thomson+ISI+Citation+Laureates+are+Contenders+for+2003+Nobel+Prizes&rft.date=2003-09-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businesswire.com%2Fnews%2Fhome%2F20030929005649%2Fen%2FLeading-Information-Solutions-Provider-Predicts-Nobel-Laureates&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFraser+Stoddart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nobel2003-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nobel2003_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2003/press.html">"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2003 Yves Chauvin, Robert H. Grubbs, Richard R. Schrock"</a>. <i>The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Royal+Swedish+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=The+Nobel+Prize+in+Chemistry+2003+Yves+Chauvin%2C+Robert+H.+Grubbs%2C+Richard+R.+Schrock&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fchemistry%2Flaureates%2F2003%2Fpress.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFraser+Stoddart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Knight-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Knight_50-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Knight_50-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100612192443/http://stoddart.northwestern.edu/Index.php?View=News%2FNewsSheet.php&ID=77">"Ma'am to the Rescue"</a>. Stoddart Mechanostereochemistry Group. 13 June 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stoddart.northwestern.edu/Index.php?View=News/NewsSheet.php&ID=77">the original</a> on 12 June 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 January</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ma%27am+to+the+Rescue&rft.pub=Stoddart+Mechanostereochemistry+Group&rft.date=2007-06-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstoddart.northwestern.edu%2FIndex.php%3FView%3DNews%2FNewsSheet.php%26ID%3D77&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFraser+Stoddart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WCC-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WCC_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WCC_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.consejoculturalmundial.org/winners/winners-of-the-world-award-of-science/prof-sir-fraser-stoddart/">"Prof. Sir Fraser Stoddart"</a>. <i>World Cultural Council</i>. 24 November 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Cultural+Council&rft.atitle=Prof.+Sir+Fraser+Stoddart&rft.date=2007-11-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.consejoculturalmundial.org%2Fwinners%2Fwinners-of-the-world-award-of-science%2Fprof-sir-fraser-stoddart%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFraser+Stoddart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NAS-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NAS_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chemistry.ucla.edu/news/national-academy-sciences">"Sir J. Fraser Stoddart, Professor Emeritus of Chemistry and Biochemistry at UCLA, has been elected to the National Academy of Sciences (NAS)"</a>. <i>UCLA</i>. 1 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UCLA&rft.atitle=Sir+J.+Fraser+Stoddart%2C+Professor+Emeritus+of+Chemistry+and+Biochemistry+at+UCLA%2C+has+been+elected+to+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+%28NAS%29&rft.date=2014-05-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chemistry.ucla.edu%2Fnews%2Fnational-academy-sciences&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFraser+Stoddart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Anyaso-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Anyaso_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnyaso2012" class="citation web cs1">Anyaso, Hilary Hurd (18 April 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160728181650/http://www.northwestern.edu/newscenter/stories/2012/04/american-academy-of-arts-and-sciences.html">"Faculty Members Named AAAS Fellows"</a>. <i>Northwestern News</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.northwestern.edu/newscenter/stories/2012/04/american-academy-of-arts-and-sciences.html">the original</a> on 28 July 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Northwestern+News&rft.atitle=Faculty+Members+Named+AAAS+Fellows&rft.date=2012-04-18&rft.aulast=Anyaso&rft.aufirst=Hilary+Hurd&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.northwestern.edu%2Fnewscenter%2Fstories%2F2012%2F04%2Famerican-academy-of-arts-and-sciences.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFraser+Stoddart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RSCFellow-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RSCFellow_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rsc.org/membership-and-community/who-our-members-are/#honorary-fellows">"Who our members are"</a>. <i>Royal Society of Chemistry</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Royal+Society+of+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Who+our+members+are&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rsc.org%2Fmembership-and-community%2Fwho-our-members-are%2F%23honorary-fellows&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFraser+Stoddart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RSEFellow-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RSEFellow_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304102800/https://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/publications/directory/directory_nolist.pdf">"Directory 2016/2017"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Royal Society of Edinburgh</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/publications/directory/directory_nolist.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Royal+Society+of+Edinburgh&rft.atitle=Directory+2016%2F2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.royalsoced.org.uk%2Fcms%2Ffiles%2Fpublications%2Fdirectory%2Fdirectory_nolist.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFraser+Stoddart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160214185257/https://www.knaw.nl/en/members/foreign-members/7175">"J.F. Stoddart"</a>. Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.knaw.nl/en/members/foreign-members/7175">the original</a> on 14 February 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=J.F.+Stoddart&rft.pub=Royal+Netherlands+Academy+of+Arts+and+Sciences&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.knaw.nl%2Fen%2Fmembers%2Fforeign-members%2F7175&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFraser+Stoddart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AAAS-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AAAS_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ucla.edu/about/awards-and-honors/faculty/american-association-for-the-advancement-of-science">"UCLA Members of the American Association for the Advancement of Science"</a>. <i>UCLA</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UCLA&rft.atitle=UCLA+Members+of+the+American+Association+for+the+Advancement+of+Science&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ucla.edu%2Fabout%2Fawards-and-honors%2Ffaculty%2Famerican-association-for-the-advancement-of-science&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFraser+Stoddart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Leopoldina-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Leopoldina_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leopoldina.org/en/members/list-of-members/member/713/">"List of Members: Sir J. Fraser Stoddart"</a>. <i>Leopoldina</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Leopoldina&rft.atitle=List+of+Members%3A+Sir+J.+Fraser+Stoddart&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.leopoldina.org%2Fen%2Fmembers%2Flist-of-members%2Fmember%2F713%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFraser+Stoddart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flogen.org/?p=38&bio=Stoddart">"Fraser Stoddart Winner of the Fray Award"</a>. <i>www.flogen.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.flogen.org&rft.atitle=Fraser+Stoddart+Winner+of+the+Fray+Award&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.flogen.org%2F%3Fp%3D38%26bio%3DStoddart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFraser+Stoddart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Haworth-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Haworth_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rsc.org/news-events/articles/2016/oct/fraser-stoddart-lecture/">"Sir J. Fraser Stoddart to deliver Haworth Memorial Lecture"</a>. <i>Royal Society of Chemistry</i>. 7 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Royal+Society+of+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Sir+J.+Fraser+Stoddart+to+deliver+Haworth+Memorial+Lecture&rft.date=2016-10-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rsc.org%2Fnews-events%2Farticles%2F2016%2Foct%2Ffraser-stoddart-lecture%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFraser+Stoddart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Haworth_lecture-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Haworth_lecture_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rsc.org/news-events/175-stories/2016/nov/fraser-stoddart-lecture/">"Serendipity in science"</a>. <i>Royal Society of Chemistry</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Royal+Society+of+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Serendipity+in+science&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rsc.org%2Fnews-events%2F175-stories%2F2016%2Fnov%2Ffraser-stoddart-lecture%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFraser+Stoddart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Centenary-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Centenary_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rsc.org/ScienceAndTechnology/Awards/CentenaryPrizes/2014-winner-stoddart.asp">"Centenary Prize 2014 Winner Professor Sir Fraser Stoddart Professor Sir Fraser Stoddart"</a>. <i>Royal Society of Chemistry</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Royal+Society+of+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Centenary+Prize+2014+Winner+Professor+Sir+Fraser+Stoddart+Professor+Sir+Fraser+Stoddart&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rsc.org%2FScienceAndTechnology%2FAwards%2FCentenaryPrizes%2F2014-winner-stoddart.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFraser+Stoddart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RSE-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RSE_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161006213622/https://www.royalsoced.org.uk/937_RoyalMedallists.html">"Royal Medallists"</a>. <i>The Royal Society of Edinburgh</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.royalsoced.org.uk/937_RoyalMedallists.html">the original</a> on 6 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Royal+Society+of+Edinburgh&rft.atitle=Royal+Medallists&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.royalsoced.org.uk%2F937_RoyalMedallists.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFraser+Stoddart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fellman-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fellman_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFellman2010" class="citation web cs1">Fellman, Megan (3 August 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161007110732/http://www.northwestern.edu/newscenter/stories/2010/08/stoddart.html">"Sir Fraser Stoddart Honored With Royal Medal"</a>. <i>Northwestern University</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.northwestern.edu/newscenter/stories/2010/08/stoddart.html">the original</a> on 7 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Northwestern+University&rft.atitle=Sir+Fraser+Stoddart+Honored+With+Royal+Medal&rft.date=2010-08-03&rft.aulast=Fellman&rft.aufirst=Megan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.northwestern.edu%2Fnewscenter%2Fstories%2F2010%2F08%2Fstoddart.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFraser+Stoddart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ACSCope2008-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ACSCope2008_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/funding-and-awards/awards/national/bytopic/arthur-c-cope-award.html">"Arthur C. Cope Award"</a>. <i>American Chemical Society</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Chemical+Society&rft.atitle=Arthur+C.+Cope+Award&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.acs.org%2Fcontent%2Facs%2Fen%2Ffunding-and-awards%2Fawards%2Fnational%2Fbytopic%2Farthur-c-cope-award.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFraser+Stoddart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Feynman-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Feynman_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160317013836/http://www.foresight.org/FI/2007Feynman.html">"2007 Foresight Institute Feynman Prize"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Foresight_Institute" title="Foresight Institute">Foresight Institute</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.foresight.org/FI/2007Feynman.html">the original</a> on 17 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Foresight+Institute&rft.atitle=2007+Foresight+Institute+Feynman+Prize&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.foresight.org%2FFI%2F2007Feynman.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFraser+Stoddart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tetrahedron-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tetrahedron_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elsevier.com/awards/global/tetrahedron-prize-for-creativity">"Tetrahedron Prize for Creativity"</a>. <i>Elsevier</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Elsevier&rft.atitle=Tetrahedron+Prize+for+Creativity&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elsevier.com%2Fawards%2Fglobal%2Ftetrahedron-prize-for-creativity&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFraser+Stoddart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Edinburgh-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Edinburgh_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ed.ac.uk/alumni/services/notable-alumni/alumnus/fraserstoddart">"2005 – Professor J Fraser Stoddart"</a>. <i>The University of Edinburgh</i>. 21 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+University+of+Edinburgh&rft.atitle=2005+%E2%80%93+Professor+J+Fraser+Stoddart&rft.date=2015-04-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ed.ac.uk%2Falumni%2Fservices%2Fnotable-alumni%2Falumnus%2Ffraserstoddart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFraser+Stoddart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nagoya-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nagoya_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.itbm.nagoya-u.ac.jp/en/news/NagoyaMedal.pdf">"The Nagoya Medal of Organic Chemistry"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Nagoya_University" title="Nagoya University">Nagoya University</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nagoya+University&rft.atitle=The+Nagoya+Medal+of+Organic+Chemistry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.itbm.nagoya-u.ac.jp%2Fen%2Fnews%2FNagoyaMedal.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFraser+Stoddart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ACSCope1999-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ACSCope1999_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/funding-and-awards/awards/national/bytopic/arthur-cope-scholar-award.html">"Arthur C. Cope Scholar Awards"</a>. <i>American Chemical Society</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Chemical+Society&rft.atitle=Arthur+C.+Cope+Scholar+Awards&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.acs.org%2Fcontent%2Facs%2Fen%2Ffunding-and-awards%2Fawards%2Fnational%2Fbytopic%2Farthur-cope-scholar-award.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFraser+Stoddart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Izatt-Christensen-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Izatt-Christensen_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20140503195535/http://old.chem.byu.edu/faculty/jdl/ISMC/award.html">"Izatt-Christensen Awards"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Brigham_Young_University" title="Brigham Young University">Brigham Young University</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://old.chem.byu.edu/faculty/jdl/ISMC/award.html">the original</a> on 3 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Brigham+Young+University&rft.atitle=Izatt-Christensen+Awards&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fold.chem.byu.edu%2Ffaculty%2Fjdl%2FISMC%2Faward.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFraser+Stoddart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legacy.com/obituaries/latimes/obituary.aspx?n=norma-agnes-stoddart&pid=1799050">"Obituary – Norma Agnes Stoddart"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i>. 14 January 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Obituary+%E2%80%93+Norma+Agnes+Stoddart&rft.date=2004-01-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.legacy.com%2Fobituaries%2Flatimes%2Fobituary.aspx%3Fn%3Dnorma-agnes-stoddart%26pid%3D1799050&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFraser+Stoddart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Prize-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Prize_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ecampbell.chem.ed.ac.uk/news/first-ever-fraser-and-norma-stoddart-prize">"First Ever Fraser and Norma Stoddart Prize"</a>. <i>University of Edinburgh</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=University+of+Edinburgh&rft.atitle=First+Ever+Fraser+and+Norma+Stoddart+Prize&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecampbell.chem.ed.ac.uk%2Fnews%2Ffirst-ever-fraser-and-norma-stoddart-prize&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFraser+Stoddart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fraser_Stoddart&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/laureate/932">Sir J. Fraser Stoddart</a> on Nobelprize.org <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376243#P8024" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thescientistschannel.com/sir-james-fraser-stoddart">Sir James Fraser Stoddart</a> on The Scientists' Channel</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Fraser_Stoddart" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Fraser Stoddart">Fraser Stoddart</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Albert_Einstein_World_Award_of_Science_Laureates" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Albert_Einstein_World_Award_of_Science_Laureates" title="Template:Albert Einstein World Award of Science Laureates"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Albert_Einstein_World_Award_of_Science_Laureates" title="Template talk:Albert Einstein World Award of Science Laureates"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Albert_Einstein_World_Award_of_Science_Laureates" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Albert Einstein World Award of Science Laureates"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Albert_Einstein_World_Award_of_Science_Laureates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein_World_Award_of_Science" title="Albert Einstein World Award of Science">Albert Einstein World Award of Science Laureates</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Bressani" title="Ricardo Bressani">Ricardo Bressani</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werner_Stumm" title="Werner Stumm">Werner Stumm</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._S._Swaminathan" title="M. S. Swaminathan">Monokombu Sambasivan Swaminathan</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Huxley" title="Hugh Huxley">Hugh Huxley</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Burbidge" title="Margaret Burbidge">Margaret Burbidge</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Kamen" title="Martin Kamen">Martin Kamen</a> (1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Nossal" title="Gustav Nossal">Gustav Nossal</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albrecht_Fleckenstein" title="Albrecht Fleckenstein">Albrecht Fleckenstein</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_U._Lemieux" class="mw-redirect" title="Raymond U. Lemieux">Raymond U. Lemieux</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Javan" title="Ali Javan">Ali Javan</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherwood_Rowland" class="mw-redirect" title="Sherwood Rowland">Sherwood Rowland</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_H._Jasper" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbert H. Jasper">Herbert H. Jasper</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alec_Jeffreys" title="Alec Jeffreys">Alec Jeffreys</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Ghuysen" title="Jean-Marie Ghuysen">Jean-Marie Ghuysen</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_R._Goldman" title="Charles R. Goldman">Charles R. Goldman</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Weinberg_(biologist)" title="Robert Weinberg (biologist)">Robert Weinberg</a> (1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Fenner" title="Frank Fenner">Frank Fenner</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niels_Birbaumer" title="Niels Birbaumer">Niels Birbaumer</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Janzen" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel Janzen">Daniel H. Janzen</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Rees" title="Martin Rees">Martin Rees</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_J._Cicerone" class="mw-redirect" title="Ralph J. Cicerone">Ralph J. Cicerone</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hopfield" title="John Hopfield">John Hopfield</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Zewail" title="Ahmed Zewail">Ahmed Zewail</a> (2006)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fraser Stoddart</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ada_Yonath" title="Ada Yonath">Ada Yonath</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_T._Houghton" class="mw-redirect" title="John T. Houghton">John T. Houghton</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Julio_Montaner" title="Julio Montaner">Julio Montaner</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Ozin" title="Geoffrey Ozin">Geoffrey Ozin</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Gr%C3%A4tzel" title="Michael Grätzel">Michael Grätzel</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Nurse" title="Paul Nurse">Paul Nurse</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Cohen_(British_biochemist)" title="Philip Cohen (British biochemist)">Philip Cohen</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ewine_van_Dishoeck" title="Ewine van Dishoeck">Ewine van Dishoeck</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Witten" title="Edward Witten">Edward Witten</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_M._Yaghi" title="Omar M. Yaghi">Omar M. Yaghi</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Changeux" title="Jean-Pierre Changeux">Jean-Pierre Changeux</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhong_Lin_Wang" title="Zhong Lin Wang">Zhong Lin Wang</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Laureates_of_the_Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Template:Nobel Prize in Chemistry"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Template talk:Nobel Prize in Chemistry"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nobel Prize in Chemistry"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Laureates_of_the_Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Chemistry" title="List of Nobel laureates in Chemistry">Laureates</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Nobel Prize in Chemistry</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1901–1925</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1901: <a href="/wiki/Jacobus_Henricus_van_%27t_Hoff" title="Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff">Jacobus van 't Hoff</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1902: <a href="/wiki/Emil_Fischer" title="Emil Fischer">Emil Fischer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1903: <a href="/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius">Svante Arrhenius</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1904: <a href="/wiki/William_Ramsay" title="William Ramsay">William Ramsay</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1905: <a href="/wiki/Adolf_von_Baeyer" title="Adolf von Baeyer">Adolf von Baeyer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1906: <a href="/wiki/Henri_Moissan" title="Henri Moissan">Henri Moissan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1907: <a href="/wiki/Eduard_Buchner" title="Eduard Buchner">Eduard Buchner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1908: <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford">Ernest Rutherford</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1909: <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald">Wilhelm Ostwald</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1910: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Wallach" title="Otto Wallach">Otto Wallach</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1911: <a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie" title="Marie Curie">Marie Curie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1912: <a href="/wiki/Victor_Grignard" title="Victor Grignard">Victor Grignard</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Sabatier_(chemist)" title="Paul Sabatier (chemist)">Paul Sabatier</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1913: <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Werner" title="Alfred Werner">Alfred Werner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1914: <a href="/wiki/Theodore_William_Richards" title="Theodore William Richards">Theodore Richards</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1915: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Willst%C3%A4tter" title="Richard Willstätter">Richard Willstätter</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1916</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1917</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1918: <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Haber" title="Fritz Haber">Fritz Haber</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1919</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1920: <a href="/wiki/Walther_Nernst" title="Walther Nernst">Walther Nernst</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1921: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Soddy" title="Frederick Soddy">Frederick Soddy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1922: <a href="/wiki/Francis_William_Aston" title="Francis William Aston">Francis Aston</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1923: <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Pregl" title="Fritz Pregl">Fritz Pregl</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1924</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1925: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Adolf_Zsigmondy" title="Richard Adolf Zsigmondy">Richard Zsigmondy</a></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/80px-Nobel_Prize.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/120px-Nobel_Prize.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/160px-Nobel_Prize.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="492" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1926–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1926: <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Svedberg" title="Theodor Svedberg">Theodor Svedberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1927: <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Otto_Wieland" title="Heinrich Otto Wieland">Heinrich Wieland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1928: <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Windaus" title="Adolf Windaus">Adolf Windaus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1929: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Harden" title="Arthur Harden">Arthur Harden</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hans_von_Euler-Chelpin" title="Hans von Euler-Chelpin">Hans von Euler-Chelpin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1930: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Fischer" title="Hans Fischer">Hans Fischer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1931: <a href="/wiki/Carl_Bosch" title="Carl Bosch">Carl Bosch</a> / <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Bergius" title="Friedrich Bergius">Friedrich Bergius</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1932: <a href="/wiki/Irving_Langmuir" title="Irving Langmuir">Irving Langmuir</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1933</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1934: <a href="/wiki/Harold_Urey" title="Harold Urey">Harold Urey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1935: <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Joliot-Curie" title="Frédéric Joliot-Curie">Frédéric Joliot-Curie</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ir%C3%A8ne_Joliot-Curie" title="Irène Joliot-Curie">Irène Joliot-Curie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1936: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Debye" title="Peter Debye">Peter Debye</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1937: <a href="/wiki/Norman_Haworth" title="Norman Haworth">Norman Haworth</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Karrer" title="Paul Karrer">Paul Karrer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1938: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Kuhn" title="Richard Kuhn">Richard Kuhn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1939: <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Butenandt" title="Adolf Butenandt">Adolf Butenandt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Leopold_Ru%C5%BEi%C4%8Dka" title="Leopold Ružička">Leopold Ružička</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1940</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1941</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1942</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1943: <a href="/wiki/George_de_Hevesy" title="George de Hevesy">George de Hevesy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1944: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Hahn" title="Otto Hahn">Otto Hahn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1945: <a href="/wiki/Artturi_Ilmari_Virtanen" title="Artturi Ilmari Virtanen">Artturi Virtanen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1946: <a href="/wiki/James_B._Sumner" title="James B. Sumner">James B. Sumner</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Howard_Northrop" title="John Howard Northrop">John Northrop</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wendell_Meredith_Stanley" title="Wendell Meredith Stanley">Wendell Meredith Stanley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1947: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Robinson_(chemist)" title="Robert Robinson (chemist)">Robert Robinson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1948: <a href="/wiki/Arne_Tiselius" title="Arne Tiselius">Arne Tiselius</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1949: <a href="/wiki/William_Giauque" title="William Giauque">William Giauque</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1950: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Diels" title="Otto Diels">Otto Diels</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Alder" title="Kurt Alder">Kurt Alder</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1951: <a href="/wiki/Edwin_McMillan" title="Edwin McMillan">Edwin McMillan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Glenn_T._Seaborg" title="Glenn T. Seaborg">Glenn T. Seaborg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1952: <a href="/wiki/Archer_Martin" title="Archer Martin">Archer Martin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Laurence_Millington_Synge" title="Richard Laurence Millington Synge">Richard Synge</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1953: <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Staudinger" title="Hermann Staudinger">Hermann Staudinger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1954: <a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Linus Pauling</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1955: <a href="/wiki/Vincent_du_Vigneaud" title="Vincent du Vigneaud">Vincent du Vigneaud</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1956: <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Norman_Hinshelwood" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyril Norman Hinshelwood">Cyril Hinshelwood</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Semyonov" title="Nikolay Semyonov">Nikolay Semyonov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1957: <a href="/wiki/Alexander_R._Todd" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander R. Todd">Alexander Todd</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1958: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger">Frederick Sanger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1959: <a href="/wiki/Jaroslav_Heyrovsk%C3%BD" title="Jaroslav Heyrovský">Jaroslav Heyrovský</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1960: <a href="/wiki/Willard_Libby" title="Willard Libby">Willard Libby</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1961: <a href="/wiki/Melvin_Calvin" title="Melvin Calvin">Melvin Calvin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1962: <a href="/wiki/Max_Perutz" title="Max Perutz">Max Perutz</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Kendrew" title="John Kendrew">John Kendrew</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1963: <a href="/wiki/Karl_Ziegler" title="Karl Ziegler">Karl Ziegler</a> / <a href="/wiki/Giulio_Natta" title="Giulio Natta">Giulio Natta</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1964: <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Hodgkin" title="Dorothy Hodgkin">Dorothy Hodgkin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1965: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Burns_Woodward" title="Robert Burns Woodward">Robert Woodward</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1966: <a href="/wiki/Robert_S._Mulliken" title="Robert S. Mulliken">Robert S. Mulliken</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1967: <a href="/wiki/Manfred_Eigen" title="Manfred Eigen">Manfred Eigen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ronald_George_Wreyford_Norrish" title="Ronald George Wreyford Norrish">Ronald Norrish</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Porter" title="George Porter">George Porter</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1968: <a href="/wiki/Lars_Onsager" title="Lars Onsager">Lars Onsager</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1969: <a href="/wiki/Derek_Barton" title="Derek Barton">Derek Barton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Odd_Hassel" title="Odd Hassel">Odd Hassel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1970: <a href="/wiki/Luis_Federico_Leloir" title="Luis Federico Leloir">Luis Federico Leloir</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1971: <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Herzberg" title="Gerhard Herzberg">Gerhard Herzberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1972: <a href="/wiki/Christian_B._Anfinsen" title="Christian B. Anfinsen">Christian B. Anfinsen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Stanford_Moore" title="Stanford Moore">Stanford Moore</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Stein" title="William Howard Stein">William Stein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1973: <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Otto_Fischer" title="Ernst Otto Fischer">Ernst Otto Fischer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Wilkinson" title="Geoffrey Wilkinson">Geoffrey Wilkinson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1974: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Flory" title="Paul Flory">Paul Flory</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1975: <a href="/wiki/John_Cornforth" title="John Cornforth">John Cornforth</a> / <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Prelog" title="Vladimir Prelog">Vladimir Prelog</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1976: <a href="/wiki/William_Lipscomb" title="William Lipscomb">William Lipscomb</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1977: <a href="/wiki/Ilya_Prigogine" title="Ilya Prigogine">Ilya Prigogine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1978: <a href="/wiki/Peter_D._Mitchell" title="Peter D. Mitchell">Peter D. Mitchell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1979: <a href="/wiki/Herbert_C._Brown" title="Herbert C. Brown">Herbert C. Brown</a> / <a href="/wiki/Georg_Wittig" title="Georg Wittig">Georg Wittig</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1980: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Berg" title="Paul Berg">Paul Berg</a> / <a href="/wiki/Walter_Gilbert" title="Walter Gilbert">Walter Gilbert</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger">Frederick Sanger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1981: <a href="/wiki/Kenichi_Fukui" title="Kenichi Fukui">Kenichi Fukui</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roald_Hoffmann" title="Roald Hoffmann">Roald Hoffmann</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1982: <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Klug" title="Aaron Klug">Aaron Klug</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1983: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Taube" title="Henry Taube">Henry Taube</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1984: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bruce_Merrifield" title="Robert Bruce Merrifield">Robert Merrifield</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1985: <a href="/wiki/Herbert_A._Hauptman" title="Herbert A. Hauptman">Herbert A. Hauptman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Karle" title="Jerome Karle">Jerome Karle</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1986: <a href="/wiki/Dudley_R._Herschbach" title="Dudley R. Herschbach">Dudley R. Herschbach</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yuan_T._Lee" title="Yuan T. Lee">Yuan T. Lee</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Polanyi" title="John Polanyi">John Polanyi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1987: <a href="/wiki/Donald_J._Cram" title="Donald J. Cram">Donald J. Cram</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Lehn" title="Jean-Marie Lehn">Jean-Marie Lehn</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_J._Pedersen" title="Charles J. Pedersen">Charles J. Pedersen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1988: <a href="/wiki/Johann_Deisenhofer" title="Johann Deisenhofer">Johann Deisenhofer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Huber" title="Robert Huber">Robert Huber</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hartmut_Michel" title="Hartmut Michel">Hartmut Michel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1989: <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Altman" title="Sidney Altman">Sidney Altman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cech" title="Thomas Cech">Thomas Cech</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1990: <a href="/wiki/Elias_James_Corey" title="Elias James Corey">Elias Corey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1991: <a href="/wiki/Richard_R._Ernst" title="Richard R. Ernst">Richard R. Ernst</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1992: <a href="/wiki/Rudolph_A._Marcus" title="Rudolph A. Marcus">Rudolph A. Marcus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1993: <a href="/wiki/Kary_Mullis" title="Kary Mullis">Kary Mullis</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_Smith_(chemist)" title="Michael Smith (chemist)">Michael Smith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1994: <a href="/wiki/George_Andrew_Olah" title="George Andrew Olah">George Olah</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1995: <a href="/wiki/Paul_J._Crutzen" title="Paul J. Crutzen">Paul J. Crutzen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mario_Molina" title="Mario Molina">Mario Molina</a> / <a href="/wiki/F._Sherwood_Rowland" title="F. Sherwood Rowland">F. Sherwood Rowland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1996: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl">Robert Curl</a> / <a href="/wiki/Harry_Kroto" title="Harry Kroto">Harold Kroto</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Smalley" title="Richard Smalley">Richard Smalley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1997: <a href="/wiki/Paul_D._Boyer" title="Paul D. Boyer">Paul D. Boyer</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_E._Walker" title="John E. Walker">John E. Walker</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jens_Christian_Skou" title="Jens Christian Skou">Jens Christian Skou</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1998: <a href="/wiki/Walter_Kohn" title="Walter Kohn">Walter Kohn</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Pople" title="John Pople">John Pople</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1999: <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Zewail" title="Ahmed Zewail">Ahmed Zewail</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2000: <a href="/wiki/Alan_J._Heeger" title="Alan J. Heeger">Alan J. Heeger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alan_MacDiarmid" title="Alan MacDiarmid">Alan MacDiarmid</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hideki_Shirakawa" title="Hideki Shirakawa">Hideki Shirakawa</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">2001: <a href="/wiki/William_Standish_Knowles" title="William Standish Knowles">William Knowles</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ry%C5%8Dji_Noyori" title="Ryōji Noyori">Ryoji Noyori</a> / <a href="/wiki/Karl_Barry_Sharpless" title="Karl Barry Sharpless">K. Barry Sharpless</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2002: <a href="/wiki/John_B._Fenn" title="John B. Fenn">John B. Fenn</a> / <a href="/wiki/Koichi_Tanaka" title="Koichi Tanaka">Koichi Tanaka</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kurt_W%C3%BCthrich" title="Kurt Wüthrich">Kurt Wüthrich</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2003: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Agre" title="Peter Agre">Peter Agre</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roderick_MacKinnon" title="Roderick MacKinnon">Roderick MacKinnon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2004: <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Ciechanover" title="Aaron Ciechanover">Aaron Ciechanover</a> / <a href="/wiki/Avram_Hershko" title="Avram Hershko">Avram Hershko</a> / <a href="/wiki/Irwin_Rose" title="Irwin Rose">Irwin Rose</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2005: <a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Grubbs" title="Robert H. Grubbs">Robert H. Grubbs</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_R._Schrock" title="Richard R. Schrock">Richard R. Schrock</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yves_Chauvin" title="Yves Chauvin">Yves Chauvin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2006: <a href="/wiki/Roger_D._Kornberg" title="Roger D. Kornberg">Roger D. Kornberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2007: <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Ertl" title="Gerhard Ertl">Gerhard Ertl</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2008: <a href="/wiki/Osamu_Shimomura" title="Osamu Shimomura">Osamu Shimomura</a> / <a href="/wiki/Martin_Chalfie" title="Martin Chalfie">Martin Chalfie</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roger_Y._Tsien" title="Roger Y. Tsien">Roger Y. Tsien</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2009: <a href="/wiki/Venki_Ramakrishnan" title="Venki Ramakrishnan">Venkatraman Ramakrishnan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Steitz" title="Thomas A. Steitz">Thomas A. Steitz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ada_Yonath" title="Ada Yonath">Ada E. Yonath</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2010: <a href="/wiki/Richard_F._Heck" title="Richard F. Heck">Richard F. Heck</a> / <a href="/wiki/Akira_Suzuki" title="Akira Suzuki">Akira Suzuki</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ei-ichi_Negishi" title="Ei-ichi Negishi">Ei-ichi Negishi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2011: <a href="/wiki/Dan_Shechtman" title="Dan Shechtman">Dan Shechtman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2012: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lefkowitz" title="Robert Lefkowitz">Robert Lefkowitz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Brian_Kobilka" title="Brian Kobilka">Brian Kobilka</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2013: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Karplus" title="Martin Karplus">Martin Karplus</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_Levitt_(biophysicist)" title="Michael Levitt (biophysicist)">Michael Levitt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arieh_Warshel" title="Arieh Warshel">Arieh Warshel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2014: <a href="/wiki/Eric_Betzig" title="Eric Betzig">Eric Betzig</a> / <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Hell" title="Stefan Hell">Stefan Hell</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_E._Moerner" title="William E. Moerner">William E. Moerner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2015: <a href="/wiki/Tomas_Lindahl" title="Tomas Lindahl">Tomas Lindahl</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_L._Modrich" title="Paul L. Modrich">Paul L. Modrich</a> / <a href="/wiki/Aziz_Sancar" title="Aziz Sancar">Aziz Sancar</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2016: <a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Sauvage" title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage">Jean-Pierre Sauvage</a> / <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fraser Stoddart</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ben_Feringa" title="Ben Feringa">Ben Feringa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2017: <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Dubochet" title="Jacques Dubochet">Jacques Dubochet</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joachim_Frank" title="Joachim Frank">Joachim Frank</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Henderson_(biologist)" title="Richard Henderson (biologist)">Richard Henderson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2018: <a href="/wiki/Frances_Arnold" title="Frances Arnold">Frances Arnold</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Winter" title="Gregory Winter">Gregory Winter</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Smith_(chemist)" title="George Smith (chemist)">George Smith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2019: <a href="/wiki/John_B._Goodenough" title="John B. Goodenough">John B. Goodenough</a> / <a href="/wiki/M._Stanley_Whittingham" title="M. Stanley Whittingham">M. Stanley Whittingham</a> / <a href="/wiki/Akira_Yoshino" title="Akira Yoshino">Akira Yoshino</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2020: <a href="/wiki/Emmanuelle_Charpentier" title="Emmanuelle Charpentier">Emmanuelle Charpentier</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Doudna" title="Jennifer Doudna">Jennifer Doudna</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2021: <a href="/wiki/David_MacMillan" title="David MacMillan">David MacMillan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_List" title="Benjamin List">Benjamin List</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2022: <a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Bertozzi" title="Carolyn Bertozzi">Carolyn R. Bertozzi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Morten_P._Meldal" title="Morten P. Meldal">Morten P. Meldal</a> / <a href="/wiki/Karl_Barry_Sharpless" title="Karl Barry Sharpless">Karl Barry Sharpless</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2023: <a href="/wiki/Moungi_Bawendi" title="Moungi Bawendi">Moungi G. Bawendi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Louis_E._Brus" title="Louis E. Brus">Louis E. Brus</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alexey_Ekimov" title="Alexey Ekimov">Alexei I. Ekimov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2024: <a href="/wiki/David_Baker_(biochemist)" title="David Baker (biochemist)">David Baker</a> / <a href="/wiki/Demis_Hassabis" title="Demis Hassabis">Demis Hassabis</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_M._Jumper" title="John M. Jumper">John M. Jumper</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="2016_Nobel_Prize_laureates" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2016_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2016 Nobel Prize winners"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2016_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template talk:2016 Nobel Prize winners"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2016_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2016 Nobel Prize winners"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="2016_Nobel_Prize_laureates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2016 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a> laureates</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Chemistry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Sauvage" title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage">Jean-Pierre Sauvage</a> (France)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fraser Stoddart</a> (United Kingdom/United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Feringa" title="Ben Feringa">Ben Feringa</a> (Netherlands)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Literature</a> (<a href="/wiki/2016_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2016 Nobel Prize in Literature">2016</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a> (United States)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Peace</a> (<a href="/wiki/2016_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2016 Nobel Peace Prize">2016</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Juan_Manuel_Santos" title="Juan Manuel Santos">Juan Manuel Santos</a> (Colombia)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Physics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_J._Thouless" title="David J. Thouless">David J. Thouless</a> (United Kingdom/United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duncan_Haldane" title="Duncan Haldane">Duncan Haldane</a> (United Kingdom/United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Michael_Kosterlitz" title="J. Michael Kosterlitz">J. Michael Kosterlitz</a> (United Kingdom/United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Physiology or Medicine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Yoshinori_Ohsumi" title="Yoshinori Ohsumi">Yoshinori Ohsumi</a> (Japan)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Economic Sciences</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Hart_(economist)" title="Oliver Hart (economist)">Oliver Hart</a> (United Kingdom/United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengt_Holmstr%C3%B6m" title="Bengt Holmström">Bengt Holmström</a> (Finland)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Nobel laureates">Nobel Prize recipients</a></span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2011_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2011 Nobel Prize winners">2011</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2012_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2012 Nobel Prize winners">2012</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2013_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2013 Nobel Prize winners">2013</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2014_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2014 Nobel Prize winners">2014</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2015_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2015 Nobel Prize winners">2015</a></dd> <dd><b>2016 </b></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2017_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2017 Nobel Prize winners">2017</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2018_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2018 Nobel Prize winners">2018</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2019_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2019 Nobel Prize winners">2019</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2020_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2020 Nobel Prize winners">2020</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2021_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2021 Nobel Prize winners">2021</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1994" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:FRS_1994" title="Template:FRS 1994"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:FRS_1994" title="Template talk:FRS 1994"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:FRS_1994" title="Special:EditPage/Template:FRS 1994"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1994" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">Fellows</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a> elected <a href="/wiki/List_of_Fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1994" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1994">in 1994</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fellows</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Aldous" title="David Aldous">David Aldous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Baker_(chemist)" title="Raymond Baker (chemist)">Raymond Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Barton" title="Nick Barton">Nick Barton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Bliss" title="Timothy Bliss">Timothy Bliss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Borcherds" title="Richard Borcherds">Richard Borcherds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Boxshall" title="Geoffrey Boxshall">Geoffrey Boxshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Brockes" title="Jeremy Brockes">Jeremy Brockes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Butterworth" title="Anthony Butterworth">Anthony Butterworth</a></li> <li><i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21164987" class="extiw" title="d:Q21164987">Henry Marshall Charlton</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Cheetham" title="Anthony Cheetham">Anthony Cheetham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Davies_(microbiologist)" title="Julian Davies (microbiologist)">Julian Davies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Barry_Davies" title="Nicholas Barry Davies">Nicholas Barry Davies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Dodson" title="Guy Dodson">Guy Dodson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Efstathiou" title="George Efstathiou">George Efstathiou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Edwin_Field" title="John Edwin Field">John Edwin Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Fleming" title="Graham Fleming">Graham Fleming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_J._C._Gordon" title="Michael J. C. Gordon">Michael J. C. Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Greenland" title="Dennis Greenland">Dennis Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Lambeck" title="Kurt Lambeck">Kurt Lambeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Launder" title="Brian Launder">Brian Launder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lumsden_(scientist)" title="Andrew Lumsden (scientist)">Andrew Lumsden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_MacLennan" title="David MacLennan">David MacLennan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tak_Wah_Mak" title="Tak Wah Mak">Tak Wah Mak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_McCullagh" title="Peter McCullagh">Peter McCullagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dusa_McDuff" title="Dusa McDuff">Dusa McDuff</a></li> <li><i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21165705" class="extiw" title="d:Q21165705">Robert Michael Moor</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Morris_(surgeon)" title="Peter Morris (surgeon)">Peter Morris</a></li> <li><i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21165797" class="extiw" title="d:Q21165797">John Forster Nixon</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Clennel_Palmer" title="Andrew Clennel Palmer">Andrew Clennel Palmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Pettifor" title="David Pettifor">David Pettifor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Pawson_(biochemist)" title="Tony Pawson (biochemist)">Tony Pawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Ridley" title="Brian Ridley">Brian Ridley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derek_Robinson_(physicist)" title="Derek Robinson (physicist)">Derek Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Sherrington_(physicist)" title="David Sherrington (physicist)">David Sherrington</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fraser Stoddart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Tooze" title="John Tooze">John Tooze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Treisman" title="Richard Treisman">Richard Treisman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Tremaine" title="Scott Tremaine">Scott Tremaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_White_(geophysicist)" title="Bob White (geophysicist)">Bob White</a></li> <li><i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21165288" class="extiw" title="d:Q21165288">James Gordon Williams</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foreign</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/F._Albert_Cotton" title="F. Albert Cotton">F. Albert Cotton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Hirzebruch" title="Friedrich Hirzebruch">Friedrich Hirzebruch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaak_Khalatnikov" title="Isaak Khalatnikov">Isaak Markovich Khalatnikov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_McDevitt" title="Hugh McDevitt">Hugh McDevitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erwin_Neher" title="Erwin Neher">Erwin Neher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bert_Sakmann" title="Bert Sakmann">Bert Sakmann</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376243#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376243#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376243#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000114740905">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/66526866">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1459918/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJwHhycxpbmFj78BF3Krv3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/172484928">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n83828506">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12276682h">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12276682h">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Stoddart, J. F."><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=mub20221142484&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p07049438X">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90216716">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000070776&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810687929105606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007453811605171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA02780647?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3161-3697">ORCID</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researcherid.com/rid/H-1518-2011">ResearcherID</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=7103255224">Scopus</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dblp.org/pid/66/11245">DBLP</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.leopoldina.org/mitgliederverzeichnis/mitglieder/member/Member/show/sir-j-fraser-stoddart/">Leopoldina</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/031579469">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6jq1snf">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fraser_Stoddart&oldid=1240188466">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fraser_Stoddart&oldid=1240188466</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1942_births" title="Category:1942 births">1942 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_educated_at_Stewart%27s_Melville_College" title="Category:People educated at Stewart's Melville College">People educated at Stewart's Melville College</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Academics_of_the_University_of_Sheffield" title="Category:Academics of the University of Sheffield">Academics of the University of Sheffield</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Albert_Einstein_World_Award_of_Science_Laureates" title="Category:Albert Einstein World Award of Science Laureates">Albert Einstein World Award of Science Laureates</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Alumni_of_the_University_of_Edinburgh" title="Category:Alumni of the University of Edinburgh">Alumni of the University of Edinburgh</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Living_people" title="Category:Living people">Living people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Knights_Bachelor" title="Category:Knights Bachelor">Knights Bachelor</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nobel_laureates_in_Chemistry" title="Category:Nobel laureates in Chemistry">Nobel laureates in Chemistry</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Imperial_Chemical_Industries_people" title="Category:Imperial Chemical Industries people">Imperial Chemical Industries people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Scottish_chemists" title="Category:Scottish chemists">Scottish chemists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_American_chemists" title="Category:21st-century American chemists">21st-century American chemists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Scottish_expatriates_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Scottish expatriates in the United States">Scottish expatriates in the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:University_of_California,_Los_Angeles_faculty" title="Category:University of California, Los Angeles faculty">University of California, Los Angeles faculty</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Northwestern_University_faculty" title="Category:Northwestern University faculty">Northwestern University faculty</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fellows_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Category:Fellows of the Royal Society">Fellows of the Royal Society</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fellows_of_the_American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Category:Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences">Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_United_States_National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Category:Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences">Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Academics_of_the_University_of_Birmingham" title="Category:Academics of the University of Birmingham">Academics of the University of Birmingham</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_of_Edinburgh" title="Category:Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh">Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_of_Chemistry" title="Category:Fellows of the Royal Society of Chemistry">Fellows of the Royal Society of Chemistry</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_Royal_Netherlands_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Category:Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences">Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Scottish_Nobel_laureates" title="Category:Scottish Nobel laureates">Scottish Nobel laureates</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:British_Nobel_laureates" title="Category:British Nobel laureates">British Nobel laureates</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_Nobel_laureates" title="Category:American Nobel laureates">American Nobel laureates</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Academic_staff_of_the_University_of_Hong_Kong" title="Category:Academic staff of the University of Hong Kong">Academic staff of the University of Hong Kong</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_a_promotional_tone_from_February_2024" title="Category:Articles with a promotional tone from February 2024">Articles with a promotional tone from February 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_a_promotional_tone" title="Category:All articles with a promotional tone">All articles with a promotional tone</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_British_English_from_January_2017" title="Category:Use British English from January 2017">Use British English from January 2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_February_2020" title="Category:Use dmy dates from February 2020">Use dmy dates from February 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards" title="Category:Articles with hCards">Articles with hCards</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2022" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2022">Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements" title="Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements">All articles containing potentially dated statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nobelprize_template_using_Wikidata_property_P8024" title="Category:Nobelprize template using Wikidata property P8024">Nobelprize template using Wikidata property P8024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 14 August 2024, at 00:49<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fraser_Stoddart&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-zcwrk","wgBackendResponseTime":186,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.131","walltime":"1.422","ppvisitednodes":{"value":10070,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":251561,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":20561,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":15,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":13,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":300931,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1219.795 1 -total"," 34.81% 424.654 1 Template:Reflist"," 26.89% 328.041 1 Template:Infobox_scientist"," 21.43% 261.440 50 Template:Cite_web"," 8.76% 106.861 3 Template:Navbox"," 7.84% 95.590 1 Template:Birth_date_and_age"," 7.08% 86.315 1 Template:Albert_Einstein_World_Award_of_Science_Laureates"," 5.92% 72.191 1 Template:Marriage"," 5.81% 70.907 1 Template:Advert"," 4.76% 58.086 1 Template:Short_description"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.657","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":9885311,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n}\n\"\"\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-78gtk","timestamp":"20241122145017","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Fraser Stoddart","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fraser_Stoddart","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q376243","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q376243","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-10-04T21:23:36Z","dateModified":"2024-08-14T00:49:38Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/9\/9d\/Sir_Fraser_by_Jim_Prisching.jpg","headline":"Scottish chemist and Nobel Laureate in 2016 for the design and synthesis of molecular machines"}</script> </body> </html>