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href="#List_of_known_quasiparticles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>List of known quasiparticles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_known_quasiparticles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" 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Available in 35 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-35" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">35 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A8%D9%87_%D8%AC%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%85" title="شبه جسيم – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شبه جسيم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvaziz%C9%99rr%C9%99cik" title="Kvazizərrəcik – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kvazizərrəcik" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%96%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Квазічасціца – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Квазічасціца" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Квазичастица – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Квазичастица" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasipart%C3%ADcula" title="Quasipartícula – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Quasipartícula" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BF%C4%95%D1%80%D1%87%C4%95" title="Квазипĕрчĕ – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Квазипĕрчĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvasipartikel" title="Kvasipartikel – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kvasipartikel" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasiteilchen" title="Quasiteilchen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Quasiteilchen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvaasiosake" title="Kvaasiosake – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kvaasiosake" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasiparticle" title="Quasiparticle – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Quasiparticle" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuasipart%C3%ADcula" title="Cuasipartícula – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cuasipartícula" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A8%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%B0%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="شبه‌ذرات – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شبه‌ذرات" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasi-particule" title="Quasi-particule – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Quasi-particule" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuasach%C3%A1ithn%C3%ADn%C3%AD" title="Cuasacháithníní – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cuasacháithníní" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A4%80%EC%9E%85%EC%9E%90" title="준입자 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="준입자" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%AB%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Քվազիմասնիկներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քվազիմասնիկներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AD" title="कणाभ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कणाभ" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuasipartikel" title="Kuasipartikel – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kuasipartikel" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasiparticella" title="Quasiparticella – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Quasiparticella" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%96%D7%99-%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A7" title="קוואזי-חלקיק – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קוואזי-חלקיק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B1%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Квазибөлшек – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Квазибөлшек" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kv%C3%A1zir%C3%A9szecske" title="Kvázirészecske – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kvázirészecske" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasideeltje" title="Quasideeltje – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Quasideeltje" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BA%96%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="準粒子 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="準粒子" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwazicz%C4%85stka" title="Kwazicząstka – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kwazicząstka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasipart%C3%ADcula" title="Quasipartícula – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Quasipartícula" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Квазичастица – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Квазичастица" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kv%C3%A1zi%C4%8Dastica" title="Kvázičastica – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kvázičastica" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvazidelec" title="Kvazidelec – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kvazidelec" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvazi%C4%8Destica" title="Kvazičestica – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Kvazičestica" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvazi%C4%8Destica" title="Kvazičestica – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kvazičestica" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvasipartikel" title="Kvasipartikel – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kvasipartikel" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanki_par%C3%A7ac%C4%B1k" title="Sanki parçacık – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sanki parçacık" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Квазічастинка – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Квазічастинка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BA%96%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="準粒子 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="準粒子" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1047683#sitelinks-wikipedia" 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p>The term <b>Quasiparticle</b> describes a concept in <a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">physics</a> in which energetically excited states in <a href="/wiki/Matter" title="Matter">matter</a> are treated as though they are elementary <a href="/wiki/Quantum_mechanics" title="Quantum mechanics">quantum</a> particles in their own right. In fact they may be something less tangible like a <a href="/wiki/Vibration" title="Vibration">vibration</a> or a <a href="/wiki/Rotation" title="Rotation">rotation</a>. </p><p>Unlike neutrons, protons, or even atoms and molecules, quasiparticles aren't independent structures floating about on their own in free space but exist only within the structure being studied. </p><p>For the purposes of modelling the behaviour of the excited state within the structure; this treatment works very well.   </p><p>As the particles emerge from more fundamental structures they are called quasi-particles or quasiparticles. </p><p>These particles have in most cases short lifetimes, like the <a href="/wiki/Magnon" title="Magnon">magnon</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Exciton" title="Exciton">exciton</a>. But there are also some quasi-particles with an infinite lifetime like the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cooper-pair&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cooper-pair (not yet started)">cooper-pair</a> in <a href="/wiki/Superconductor" title="Superconductor">superconductors</a>. <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_known_quasiparticles">List of known quasiparticles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quasiparticle&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: List of known quasiparticles" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quasiparticle&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: List of known quasiparticles"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Quasiparticles </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Quasiparticle </th> <th>Signification </th> <th>Underlying particles </th></tr> <tr> <td>Anyon </td> <td>A type of quasiparticle that occurs only in two-dimensional systems, with properties much less restricted than fermions and bosons. </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bion </td> <td>A bound state of solitons, named for Born-Infeld model </td> <td>soliton </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bipolaron </td> <td>A bound pair of two polarons </td> <td>polaron (electron, phonon) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bogoliubon </td> <td>Broken Cooper pair </td> <td>electron, hole </td></tr> <tr> <td>Configuron </td> <td>An elementary configurational excitation in an amorphous material which involves breaking of a chemical bond </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cooper_pair" title="Cooper pair">Cooper pair</a> </td> <td>A pair of free electrons within a solid that act together as one quasiparticle and gives rise to superconductivity. </td> <td>electron </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dislon </td> <td>Associated with a dislocation in lattice structure in crystalline solids. It emerges from the quantization of the lattice displacement field of a classical dislocation </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dropleton </td> <td>The first known quasiparticle that behaves like a liquid </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Electron quasiparticle </td> <td>An electron as affected by the other forces and interactions in the solid </td> <td>electron </td></tr> <tr> <td>Electron hole (hole) </td> <td>A <i>lack</i> of electron in a valence band </td> <td>electron, cation </td></tr> <tr> <td>Exciton </td> <td>A bound state of an electron and a hole </td> <td>electron, hole </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fracton </td> <td>A collective quantized vibration on a substrate with a fractal structure. </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fracton (subdimensional particle) </td> <td>An emergent quasiparticle excitation that is immobile when in isolation. </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Holon (chargon) </td> <td>A quasi-particle resulting from electron spin-charge separation </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Leviton </td> <td>A collective excitation of a single electron within a metal </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Magnon" title="Magnon">Magnon</a> </td> <td>A coherent excitation of electron spins in a material </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Majorana fermion </td> <td>A quasiparticle equal to its own antiparticle, emerging as a midgap state in certain superconductors </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nematicon </td> <td>A soliton in nematic liquid crystal media </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Orbiton </td> <td>A quasiparticle resulting from electron spin-orbital separation </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Oscillon </td> <td>A soliton-like single wave in vibrating media </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phason </td> <td>Vibrational modes in a quasicrystal associated with atomic rearrangements </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phoniton </td> <td>A theoretical quasiparticle which is a hybridization of a localized, long-living phonon and a matter excitation </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phonon </td> <td>Vibrational modes in a crystal lattice associated with atomic shifts </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Plasmaron </td> <td>A quasiparticle emerging from the coupling between a plasmon and a hole </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Plasmon </td> <td>A coherent excitation of a plasma </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Polaron </td> <td>A moving charged quasiparticle that is surrounded by ions in a material </td> <td>electron, phonon </td></tr> <tr> <td>Polariton </td> <td>A mixture of photon with other quasiparticles </td> <td>photon, optical phonon </td></tr> <tr> <td>Roton </td> <td>Elementary excitation in superfluid helium-4 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Soliton </td> <td>A self-reinforcing solitary excitation wave </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Spinon </td> <td>A quasiparticle produced as a result of electron spin-charge separation that can form both quantum spin liquid and strongly correlated quantum spin liquid </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Trion </td> <td>A coherent excitation of three quasiparticles (two holes and one electron or two electrons and one hole) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Wrinklon </td> <td>A localized excitation corresponding to wrinkles in a constrained two dimensional system </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quasiparticle&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Change section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quasiparticle&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style 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What are quasi particles?"</a>. <i>www.uni-muenster.de</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-09-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.uni-muenster.de&rft.atitle=c.+What+are+quasi+particles%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.uni-muenster.de%2FPhysik.AP%2FDemokritov%2Fen%2FForschen%2FForschungsschwerpunkte%2FmBECwaqp.html%23%3A~%3Atext%3DThe%2520termQuasi%2520particles%2520describes%2Cto%2520treat%2520excitations%2520as%2520particles.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AQuasiparticle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFStaff" class="citation web cs1">Staff, ScienceAlert. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencealert.com/quasiparticles">"What Is a Quasiparticle?"</a>. <i>ScienceAlert</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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href="/wiki/Lepton" title="Lepton">Leptons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electron" title="Electron">Electron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Positron" title="Positron">Positron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muon" title="Muon">Muon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muon" title="Muon">Antimuon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tau_(particle)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tau (particle)">Tau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tau_(particle)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tau (particle)">Antitau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electron_neutrino" title="Electron neutrino">Electron neutrino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutrino#Antineutrinos" title="Neutrino">Electron antineutrino</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muon_neutrino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muon neutrino (not yet started)">Muon neutrino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutrino#Antineutrinos" title="Neutrino">Muon antineutrino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tau_neutrino" title="Tau neutrino">Tau neutrino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutrino#Antineutrinos" title="Neutrino">Tau antineutrino</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Boson" title="Boson">Bosons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;font-weight:normal; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Gauge_boson" title="Gauge boson">Gauge</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Photon" title="Photon">Photon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gluon" title="Gluon">Gluon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W_and_Z_bosons" title="W and Z bosons">W and Z bosons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;font-weight:normal; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Scalar_boson" title="Scalar boson">Scalar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Higgs_boson" title="Higgs boson">Higgs boson </a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;;font-weight:normal; text-align: center;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghost_(physics)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ghost (physics) (not yet started)">Ghost fields</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Faddeev%E2%80%93Popov_ghost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Faddeev–Popov ghost (not yet started)">Faddeev–Popov ghosts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Hypothetical_particles" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypothetical particles">Hypothetical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align: center;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Superpartner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Superpartner (not yet started)">Superpartners</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align: center;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaugino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaugino (not yet started)">Gauginos</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gluino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gluino (not yet started)">Gluino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravitino" title="Gravitino">Gravitino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photino" title="Photino">Photino</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align: center;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Axino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Axino (not yet started)">Axino</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chargino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chargino (not yet started)">Chargino</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higgsino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higgsino (not yet started)">Higgsino</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neutralino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neutralino (not yet started)">Neutralino</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sfermion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sfermion (not yet started)">Sfermion</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stop_squark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stop squark (not yet started)">Stop squark</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align: center;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Axion" title="Axion">Axion</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curvaton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Curvaton (not yet started)">Curvaton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dilaton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dilaton (not yet started)">Dilaton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dual_graviton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dual graviton (not yet started)">Dual graviton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graviphoton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Graviphoton (not yet started)">Graviphoton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graviton" title="Graviton">Graviton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inflaton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inflaton (not yet started)">Inflaton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leptoquark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leptoquark (not yet started)">Leptoquark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_monopole" title="Magnetic monopole">Magnetic monopole</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Majoron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Majoron (not yet started)">Majoron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majorana_fermion" title="Majorana fermion">Majorana fermion</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dark_photon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dark photon (not yet started)">Dark photon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Preon (not yet started)">Preon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterile_neutrino" title="Sterile neutrino">Sterile neutrino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tachyon" title="Tachyon">Tachyon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=W%E2%80%B2_and_Z%E2%80%B2_bosons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="W′ and Z′ bosons (not yet started)">W′ and Z′ bosons</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=X_and_Y_bosons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="X and Y bosons (not yet started)">X and Y bosons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bound_state&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bound state (not yet started)">Composite</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Hadrons" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Hadron" title="Hadron">Hadrons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Baryon" title="Baryon">Baryons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nucleon" title="Nucleon">Nucleon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">Proton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiproton" title="Antiproton">Antiproton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">Neutron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antineutron" title="Antineutron">Antineutron</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Delta_baryon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Delta baryon (not yet started)">Delta baryon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lambda_baryon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lambda baryon (not yet started)">Lambda baryon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sigma_baryon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sigma baryon (not yet started)">Sigma baryon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xi_baryon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xi baryon (not yet started)">Xi baryon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Omega_baryon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Omega baryon (not yet started)">Omega baryon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Meson" title="Meson">Mesons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pion" title="Pion">Pion</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rho_meson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rho meson (not yet started)">Rho meson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eta_meson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eta meson (not yet started)">Eta and eta prime mesons</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bottom_eta_meson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bottom eta meson (not yet started)">Bottom eta meson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phi_meson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phi meson (not yet started)">Phi meson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=J/psi_meson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="J/psi meson (not yet started)">J/psi meson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Omega_meson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Omega meson (not yet started)">Omega meson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Upsilon_meson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Upsilon meson (not yet started)">Upsilon meson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaon" title="Kaon">Kaon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=B_meson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="B meson (not yet started)">B meson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=D_meson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="D meson (not yet started)">D meson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quarkonium" title="Quarkonium">Quarkonium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align: center;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exotic_hadron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Exotic hadron (not yet started)">Exotic hadrons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetraquark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tetraquark (not yet started)">Tetraquark</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Double-charm_tetraquark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Double-charm tetraquark (not yet started)">Double-charm tetraquark</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pentaquark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pentaquark (not yet started)">Pentaquark</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;;font-weight:normal; text-align: center;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atomic_nucleus" title="Atomic nucleus">Atomic nuclei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">Atoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exotic_atom" title="Exotic atom">Exotic atoms</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Positronium" title="Positronium">Positronium</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muonium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muonium (not yet started)">Muonium</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tauonium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tauonium (not yet started)">Tauonium</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Onium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Onium (not yet started)">Onia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pionium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pionium (not yet started)">Pionium</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protonium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protonium (not yet started)">Protonium</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superatom" title="Superatom">Superatoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molecule" title="Molecule">Molecules</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Hypothetical_composite_particles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Hypothetical composite particles (not yet started)">Hypothetical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Baryons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hexaquark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hexaquark (not yet started)">Hexaquark</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heptaquark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heptaquark (not yet started)">Heptaquark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skyrmion" title="Skyrmion">Skyrmion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Mesons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glueball&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glueball (not yet started)">Glueball</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theta_meson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theta meson (not yet started)">Theta meson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=T_meson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="T meson (not yet started)">T meson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align: center;;font-weight:normal; text-align: center;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mesonic_molecule&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mesonic molecule (not yet started)">Mesonic molecule</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pomeron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pomeron (not yet started)">Pomeron</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diquark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diquark (not yet started)">Diquark</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=R-hadron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="R-hadron (not yet started)">R-hadron</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Quasiparticles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anyon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anyon (not yet started)">Anyon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Davydov_soliton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Davydov soliton (not yet started)">Davydov soliton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dropleton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dropleton (not yet started)">Dropleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exciton" title="Exciton">Exciton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fracton_(subdimensional_particle)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fracton (subdimensional particle) (not yet started)">Fracton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electron_hole" title="Electron hole">Hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnon" title="Magnon">Magnon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phonon" title="Phonon">Phonon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plasmaron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plasmaron (not yet started)">Plasmaron</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plasmon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plasmon (not yet started)">Plasmon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polariton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polariton (not yet started)">Polariton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polaron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polaron (not yet started)">Polaron</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roton (not yet started)">Roton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trion_(physics)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trion (physics) (not yet started)">Trion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_baryons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of baryons (not yet started)">Baryons</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_mesons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of mesons (not yet started)">Mesons</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_particles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of particles (not yet started)">Particles</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_quasiparticles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of quasiparticles (not yet started)">Quasiparticles</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_particle_discoveries&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Timeline of particle discoveries (not yet started)">Timeline of particle discoveries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_subatomic_physics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of subatomic physics (not yet started)">History of subatomic physics</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_atomic_and_subatomic_physics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Timeline of atomic and subatomic physics (not yet started)">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Model" title="Standard Model">Standard Model</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mathematical_formulation_of_the_Standard_Model&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mathematical formulation of the Standard Model (not yet started)">mathematical formulation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subatomic_particle" title="Subatomic particle">Subatomic particles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Particle" title="Particle">Particles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiparticle" title="Antiparticle">Antiparticles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_physics" title="Nuclear physics">Nuclear 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