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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Early history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spanish_colonial_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spanish_colonial_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Spanish colonial era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spanish_colonial_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Conversions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conversions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Conversions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conversions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Partition_of_Ylokos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Partition_of_Ylokos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>Partition of Ylokos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Partition_of_Ylokos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vigan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vigan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.3</span> <span>Vigan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vigan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Social_institutions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_institutions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.4</span> <span>Social institutions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_institutions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Migration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Migration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.5</span> <span>Migration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Migration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economic_prosperity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economic_prosperity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.6</span> <span>Economic prosperity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economic_prosperity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Revolts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Revolts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.7</span> <span>Revolts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Revolts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philippine_Revolution_and_Philippine-American_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philippine_Revolution_and_Philippine-American_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.8</span> <span>Philippine Revolution and Philippine-American War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philippine_Revolution_and_Philippine-American_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-American_invasion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#American_invasion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>American invasion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-American_invasion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japanese_occupation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japanese_occupation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Japanese occupation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japanese_occupation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marcos_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marcos_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Marcos era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marcos_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bantay_incident" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bantay_incident"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.1</span> <span>Bantay incident</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bantay_incident-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Assassination_of_Floro_Crisologo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Assassination_of_Floro_Crisologo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.2</span> <span>Assassination of Floro Crisologo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Assassination_of_Floro_Crisologo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contemporary_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contemporary_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Contemporary history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contemporary_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1986-87_Jose_Burgos_Jr_provisional_revolutionary_governorship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1986-87_Jose_Burgos_Jr_provisional_revolutionary_governorship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.1</span> <span>1986-87 Jose Burgos Jr provisional revolutionary governorship</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1986-87_Jose_Burgos_Jr_provisional_revolutionary_governorship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2020_COVID-19_pandemic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2020_COVID-19_pandemic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.2</span> <span>2020 COVID-19 pandemic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2020_COVID-19_pandemic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2022_Luzon_earthquake" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2022_Luzon_earthquake"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.3</span> <span>2022 Luzon earthquake</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2022_Luzon_earthquake-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Administrative divisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Barangays" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Barangays"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Barangays</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Barangays-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Inhabitants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inhabitants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Inhabitants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inhabitants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Products_and_industries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Products_and_industries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Products and industries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Products_and_industries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Agriculture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agriculture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Agriculture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agriculture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Infrastructure</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Infrastructure subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Electricity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electricity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Electricity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electricity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-UNESCO_Recognitions_in_Ilocos_Sur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#UNESCO_Recognitions_in_Ilocos_Sur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>UNESCO Recognitions in Ilocos Sur</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-UNESCO_Recognitions_in_Ilocos_Sur-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle UNESCO Recognitions in Ilocos Sur subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-UNESCO_Recognitions_in_Ilocos_Sur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Heritage_City_of_Vigan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Heritage_City_of_Vigan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Heritage City of Vigan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Heritage_City_of_Vigan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Santa_Maria_Church" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Santa_Maria_Church"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Santa Maria Church</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Santa_Maria_Church-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people_from_Ilocos_Sur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people_from_Ilocos_Sur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notable people from Ilocos Sur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people_from_Ilocos_Sur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ilocos Sur</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 45 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-45" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">45 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propinsi_Ilocos_Sur" title="Propinsi Ilocos Sur – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Propinsi Ilocos Sur" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%88%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B3_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1" title="إيلوكوس سور – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إيلوكوس سور" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B3" title="گونئی ایلوکوس – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="گونئی ایلوکوس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilocos_Sur" title="Ilocos Sur – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ilocos Sur" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilocos_Sur" title="Ilocos Sur – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Ilocos Sur" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilocos_Sur" title="Ilocos Sur – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Ilocos Sur" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilocos_Sur" title="Ilocos Sur – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Ilocos Sur" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilocos_Sur" title="Ilocos Sur – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ilocos Sur" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilocos_Sur" title="Ilocos Sur – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ilocos Sur" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suda_Iloko" title="Suda Iloko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Suda Iloko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B3_%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="ایلوکوس جنوبی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ایلوکوس جنوبی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilocos_Sur" title="Ilocos Sur – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ilocos Sur" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%82%A8%EC%9D%BC%EB%A1%9C%EC%BD%94%EC%8A%A4%EC%A3%BC" title="남일로코스주 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="남일로코스주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0" title="इलोकोस सूर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="इलोकोस सूर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilocos_Sur" title="Ilocos Sur – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Ilocos Sur" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilocos_Selatan" title="Ilocos Selatan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ilocos Selatan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provincia_di_Ilocos_Sur" title="Provincia di Ilocos Sur – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Provincia di Ilocos Sur" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A1_%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A8" title="אילוקוס סור – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אילוקוס סור" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilocos_Sur" title="Ilocos Sur – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Ilocos Sur" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%AE%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98_%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="სამხრეთი ილოკოსი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სამხრეთი ილოკოსი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilocos_Sur" title="Ilocos Sur – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ilocos Sur" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dienvidilokosa" title="Dienvidilokosa – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Dienvidilokosa" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Јужен Илокос – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Јужен Илокос" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilocos_Selatan" title="Ilocos Selatan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ilocos Selatan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilocos_Sur" title="Ilocos Sur – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ilocos Sur" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B3%E3%82%B9%E5%B7%9E" title="南イロコス州 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="南イロコス州" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilocos_Sur" title="Ilocos Sur – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ilocos Sur" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilocos_del_Sud" title="Ilocos del Sud – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ilocos del Sud" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilocos_Sur" title="Ilocos Sur – Pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Ilocos Sur" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilocos_Sur" title="Ilocos Sur – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ilocos Sur" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilocos_Sul" title="Ilocos Sul – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ilocos Sul" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Южный Илокос – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Южный Илокос" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilocos_Sur" title="Ilocos Sur – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ilocos Sur" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilocos_Sur" title="Ilocos Sur – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ilocos Sur" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B6dra_Ilocos" title="Södra Ilocos – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Södra Ilocos" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilocos_Sur" title="Ilocos Sur – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ilocos Sur" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="இலோகொஸ் சர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இலோகொஸ் சர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="จังหวัดอีโลโคสซูร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จังหวัดอีโลโคสซูร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilocos_Sur" title="Ilocos Sur – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ilocos Sur" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%86%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Південний Ілокос – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Південний Ілокос" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B3_%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="ایلوکوس جنوبی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ایلوکوس جنوبی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilocos_Sur" title="Ilocos Sur – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ilocos Sur" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilocos_Sur" title="Ilocos Sur – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ilocos Sur" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%BC%8A%E7%BE%85%E6%88%88%E7%9C%81" title="南伊羅戈省 – Cantonese" lang="yue" 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class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ilocos_Sur&params=17.33_N_120.58_E_region:PH_type:adm1st"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">17°20′N</span> <span class="longitude">120°35′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">17.33°N 120.58°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">17.33; 120.58</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Province in Ilocos Region, Philippines</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Ilocos+Sur%22">"Ilocos Sur"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Ilocos+Sur%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Ilocos+Sur%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Ilocos+Sur%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Ilocos+Sur%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Ilocos+Sur%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2013</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Province in Ilocos Region, Philippines</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Ilocos Sur</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_the_Philippines" title="Provinces of the Philippines">Province</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:252px;max-width:252px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:250px;max-width:250px"><div style="border:1;;height:165px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sta._Maria_Church,_Ilocos_Sur.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Sta._Maria_Church%2C_Ilocos_Sur.jpg/248px-Sta._Maria_Church%2C_Ilocos_Sur.jpg" decoding="async" width="248" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Sta._Maria_Church%2C_Ilocos_Sur.jpg/372px-Sta._Maria_Church%2C_Ilocos_Sur.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Sta._Maria_Church%2C_Ilocos_Sur.jpg/496px-Sta._Maria_Church%2C_Ilocos_Sur.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:82px;max-width:82px"><div style="border:1;;height:106px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bantay_Bell_Tower_(D._Stanley_pic)_-_Flickr.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Bantay_Bell_Tower_%28D._Stanley_pic%29_-_Flickr.jpg/80px-Bantay_Bell_Tower_%28D._Stanley_pic%29_-_Flickr.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Bantay_Bell_Tower_%28D._Stanley_pic%29_-_Flickr.jpg/120px-Bantay_Bell_Tower_%28D._Stanley_pic%29_-_Flickr.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Bantay_Bell_Tower_%28D._Stanley_pic%29_-_Flickr.jpg/160px-Bantay_Bell_Tower_%28D._Stanley_pic%29_-_Flickr.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:166px;max-width:166px"><div style="border:1;;height:106px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lucy%E2%80%99s_Antique_Shop_at_Calle_Crisologo,_Vigan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Lucy%E2%80%99s_Antique_Shop_at_Calle_Crisologo%2C_Vigan.jpg/164px-Lucy%E2%80%99s_Antique_Shop_at_Calle_Crisologo%2C_Vigan.jpg" decoding="async" width="164" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Lucy%E2%80%99s_Antique_Shop_at_Calle_Crisologo%2C_Vigan.jpg/246px-Lucy%E2%80%99s_Antique_Shop_at_Calle_Crisologo%2C_Vigan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Lucy%E2%80%99s_Antique_Shop_at_Calle_Crisologo%2C_Vigan.jpg/328px-Lucy%E2%80%99s_Antique_Shop_at_Calle_Crisologo%2C_Vigan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4931" data-file-height="3208" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:124px;max-width:124px"><div style="border:1;;height:91px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mt._Tuwato_-_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Mt._Tuwato_-_3.jpg/122px-Mt._Tuwato_-_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="122" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Mt._Tuwato_-_3.jpg/183px-Mt._Tuwato_-_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Mt._Tuwato_-_3.jpg/244px-Mt._Tuwato_-_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:124px;max-width:124px"><div style="border:1;;height:91px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:20180121_St._Augustine_Church_Bantay,_Ilocos_Sur_-_Flickr.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/20180121_St._Augustine_Church_Bantay%2C_Ilocos_Sur_-_Flickr.jpg/122px-20180121_St._Augustine_Church_Bantay%2C_Ilocos_Sur_-_Flickr.jpg" decoding="async" width="122" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/20180121_St._Augustine_Church_Bantay%2C_Ilocos_Sur_-_Flickr.jpg/183px-20180121_St._Augustine_Church_Bantay%2C_Ilocos_Sur_-_Flickr.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/20180121_St._Augustine_Church_Bantay%2C_Ilocos_Sur_-_Flickr.jpg/244px-20180121_St._Augustine_Church_Bantay%2C_Ilocos_Sur_-_Flickr.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3298" data-file-height="2473" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div> <b>Clockwise from the top</b>: <a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Maria Church">Santa Maria Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vigan_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Vigan City">Vigan City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bantay_Church" title="Bantay Church">Bantay Church</a>, Mount Tuwato, <a href="/wiki/Bantay_Church" title="Bantay Church">Bantay Church Belltower</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PH-ILS_Flag.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Ilocos Sur"><img alt="Flag of Ilocos Sur" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/PH-ILS_Flag.png/120px-PH-ILS_Flag.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/PH-ILS_Flag.png/180px-PH-ILS_Flag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/PH-ILS_Flag.png/240px-PH-ILS_Flag.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ph_seal_ilocos_sur.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Ilocos Sur"><img alt="Official seal of Ilocos Sur" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Ph_seal_ilocos_sur.png/80px-Ph_seal_ilocos_sur.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Ph_seal_ilocos_sur.png/120px-Ph_seal_ilocos_sur.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Ph_seal_ilocos_sur.png/160px-Ph_seal_ilocos_sur.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1500" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Seal</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nickname: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">The Heritage Haven of the North</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ilocos_Sur_in_Philippines.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location in the Philippines"><img alt="Location in the Philippines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Ilocos_Sur_in_Philippines.svg/250px-Ilocos_Sur_in_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Ilocos_Sur_in_Philippines.svg/375px-Ilocos_Sur_in_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Ilocos_Sur_in_Philippines.svg/500px-Ilocos_Sur_in_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1869" data-file-height="2465" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location in the Philippines</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">OpenStreetMap</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 250px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="250" data-height="200" data-zoom="8" data-overlays="["_532902fa0e12d4ff2a4cf94daae20dd205a7b298"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,8,a,a,250x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Ilocos_Sur&revid=1255446489&groups=_532902fa0e12d4ff2a4cf94daae20dd205a7b298" width="250" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,8,a,a,250x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Ilocos_Sur&revid=1255446489&groups=_532902fa0e12d4ff2a4cf94daae20dd205a7b298 2x" alt="Map" /></a></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ilocos_Sur&params=17.33_N_120.58_E_region:PH_type:adm1st"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">17°20′N</span> <span class="longitude">120°35′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">17.33°N 120.58°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">17.33; 120.58</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_the_Philippines" title="Regions of the Philippines">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ilocos_Region" title="Ilocos Region">Ilocos Region</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Date_of_establishment" class="mw-redirect" title="Date of establishment">Founded</a></th><td class="infobox-data">February 2, 1818</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vigan" title="Vigan">Vigan</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Largest city</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Candon" title="Candon">Candon</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Governor" title="Governor">Governor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Singson" title="Jerry Singson">Jeremias C. Singson</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nationalist_People%27s_Coalition" title="Nationalist People's Coalition">NPC</a>/<a href="/wiki/Bileg_Party" title="Bileg Party">Bileg</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Vice_Governor" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice Governor">Vice Governor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ryan_Luis_Singson" title="Ryan Luis Singson">Ryan Luis V. Singson</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lakas%E2%80%93CMD" title="Lakas–CMD">Lakas</a>/<a href="/wiki/Bileg_Party" title="Bileg Party">Bileg</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Sangguniang_Panlalawigan" title="Sangguniang Panlalawigan">Legislature</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ilocos_Sur_Provincial_Board" title="Ilocos Sur Provincial Board">Ilocos Sur Provincial Board</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-list_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-list-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">2,596.00 km<sup>2</sup> (1,002.32 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data">51st out of 81</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-pv_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pv-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mount_Camingingel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mount Camingingel (page does not exist)">Mount Camingingel</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">2,371 m (7,779 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2020 census)<sup id="cite_ref-PSA20–01_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PSA20–01-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">706,009</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data">43rd out of 81</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">270/km<sup>2</sup> (700/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">  • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data">33rd out of 81</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Ilocos_Sur" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of Ilocos Sur">Divisions</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Cities_of_the_Philippines#Independent_cities" title="Cities of the Philippines">Independent cities</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Cities_of_the_Philippines" title="Cities of the Philippines">Component cities</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;background-color:WhiteSmoke;"><div>2</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Candon" title="Candon">Candon</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Vigan" title="Vigan">Vigan</a> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_Philippines" title="Municipalities of the Philippines">Municipalities</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;background-color:WhiteSmoke;"><div>32</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Alilem" title="Alilem">Alilem</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Banayoyo" title="Banayoyo">Banayoyo</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Bantay" title="Bantay">Bantay</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Burgos,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Burgos, Ilocos Sur">Burgos</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Cabugao" title="Cabugao">Cabugao</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Caoayan" title="Caoayan">Caoayan</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Cervantes,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Cervantes, Ilocos Sur">Cervantes</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Galimuyod" title="Galimuyod">Galimuyod</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gregorio_del_Pilar,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Gregorio del Pilar, Ilocos Sur">Gregorio del Pilar</a></span> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Lidlidda" title="Lidlidda">Lidlidda</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Magsingal" title="Magsingal">Magsingal</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Nagbukel" title="Nagbukel">Nagbukel</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Narvacan" title="Narvacan">Narvacan</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Quirino,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Quirino, Ilocos Sur">Quirino</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Salcedo,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Salcedo, Ilocos Sur">Salcedo</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/San_Emilio" title="San Emilio">San Emilio</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/San_Esteban,_Ilocos_Sur" title="San Esteban, Ilocos Sur">San Esteban</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/San_Ildefonso,_Ilocos_Sur" title="San Ildefonso, Ilocos Sur">San Ildefonso</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/San_Juan,_Ilocos_Sur" title="San Juan, Ilocos Sur">San Juan</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/San_Vicente,_Ilocos_Sur" title="San Vicente, Ilocos Sur">San Vicente</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Santa,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Santa, Ilocos Sur">Santa</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Santa_Catalina,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Santa Catalina, Ilocos Sur">Santa Catalina</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Santa Cruz, Ilocos Sur">Santa Cruz</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Santa_Lucia,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Santa Lucia, Ilocos Sur">Santa Lucia</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Santa Maria, Ilocos Sur">Santa Maria</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Santiago,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Santiago, Ilocos Sur">Santiago</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Santo_Domingo,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Santo Domingo, Ilocos Sur">Santo Domingo</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Sigay" title="Sigay">Sigay</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Sinait" title="Sinait">Sinait</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Sugpon" title="Sugpon">Sugpon</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Suyo,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Suyo, Ilocos Sur">Suyo</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Tagudin" title="Tagudin">Tagudin</a> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Barangay" title="Barangay">Barangays</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_barangays_in_Ilocos_Sur" title="List of barangays in Ilocos Sur">768</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_of_the_Philippines" title="House of Representatives of the Philippines">Districts</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Legislative_districts_of_Ilocos_Sur" title="Legislative districts of Ilocos Sur">Legislative districts of Ilocos Sur</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B8" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+8">UTC+8</a> (<a href="/wiki/Philippine_Standard_Time" title="Philippine Standard Time">PST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_direct_dialing" title="International direct dialing">IDD</a><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span>:<span style="white-space: nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_the_Philippines" title="Telephone numbers in the Philippines">area code</a> </span></span></th><td class="infobox-data">PH-ILS</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spoken languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ilocano_language" title="Ilocano language">Ilocano</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kankanaey_language" title="Kankanaey language">Kankana-ey</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_language" title="Filipino language">Filipino</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.70 (<span style="color:green;">High</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-2019_Philippine_Provincial_HDI_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2019_Philippine_Provincial_HDI-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">HDI rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Philippine_provinces_by_Human_Development_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Philippine provinces by Human Development Index">19th</a> (2019)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mis.ilocossur.gov.ph/">mis<wbr />.ilocossur<wbr />.gov<wbr />.ph</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12741#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ilocos Sur</b>, officially the <b>Province of Ilocos Sur</b> (<a href="/wiki/Ilocano_language" title="Ilocano language">Ilocano</a>: <i lang="ilo">Probinsia ti Ilocos Sur</i>; <a href="/wiki/Tagalog_language" title="Tagalog language">Tagalog</a>: <i lang="tl">Lalawigan ng Ilocos Sur</i>), is a <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_the_Philippines" title="Provinces of the Philippines">province</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> located in the <a href="/wiki/Ilocos_Region" title="Ilocos Region">Ilocos Region</a> in <a href="/wiki/Luzon" title="Luzon">Luzon</a>. Located on the mouth of the Mestizo River is the capital of <a href="/wiki/Vigan" title="Vigan">Vigan</a> while <a href="/wiki/Candon" title="Candon">Candon</a> is the most-populous city. Ilocos Sur is bordered by <a href="/wiki/Ilocos_Norte" title="Ilocos Norte">Ilocos Norte</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abra_(province)" title="Abra (province)">Abra</a> to the north, <a href="/wiki/Mountain_Province" title="Mountain Province">Mountain Province</a> to the east, <a href="/wiki/La_Union" title="La Union">La Union</a> and <a href="/wiki/Benguet" title="Benguet">Benguet</a> to the south and the <a href="/wiki/South_China_Sea" title="South China Sea">South China Sea</a> to the west. </p><p>Ilocos Sur was founded by the Spanish <i><a href="/wiki/Conquistador" title="Conquistador">conquistador</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Salcedo" title="Juan de Salcedo">Juan de Salcedo</a> in 1572. It was formed when the north (now <a href="/wiki/Ilocos_Norte" title="Ilocos Norte">Ilocos Norte</a>) split from the south (Ilocos Sur). At that time, it included parts of Abra and the upper half of present-day La Unión. The current boundary of the province was permanently defined through Act No. 2683 signed in March 1917. </p><p>The province is home to two <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Sites" class="mw-redirect" title="World Heritage Sites">World Heritage Sites</a>, namely, the <a href="/wiki/Vigan" title="Vigan">Heritage City of Vigan</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Maria Church">Baroque Church of Santa Maria</a>. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilocos_Sur&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Original_research plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Original_research" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>possibly contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">original research</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ilocos_Sur&action=edit">improve it</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifying</a> the claims made and adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a>. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2015</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilocos_Sur&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Before the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1565%E2%80%931898)" title="History of the Philippines (1565–1898)">arrival of the Spanish</a>, the coastal plains in northwest Luzón from <a href="/wiki/Bangui,_Ilocos_Norte" title="Bangui, Ilocos Norte">Bangui</a> in the north to Namacpacan in the south were a region called the Ylokos. It lies between the West Philippine Sea in the west and the <a href="/wiki/Cordillera_Central_(Luzon)" title="Cordillera Central (Luzon)">Northern Cordilleras</a> in the east. On the western side, the land is sandy. On the eastern side (near the mountains that separate the region from the <a href="/wiki/Mountain_Province" title="Mountain Province">Mountain Province</a>) the land is rocky, leaving a narrow strip of plain for cultivation. The mountains come so close to the sea that the highway is carved into them. The pressure of increasing population and the need for land made the people thrifty, and they built their villages near small bays and coves called <i>looc</i> in the local dialect. These coastal inhabitants were known as <i>Ylocos</i>, which means "from the lowlands".<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The region was then called by the ancient name Samtoy, from <i>sao mi ditoy</i> ("our language" in <a href="/wiki/Ilocano_language" title="Ilocano language">Ilocano</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spanish_colonial_era">Spanish colonial era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilocos_Sur&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Spanish colonial era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Ilocos region was a thriving and fairly-advanced cluster of towns and settlements familiar to Chinese, Japanese, and Malay traders when the Spanish explorer <a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Salcedo" title="Juan de Salcedo">Juan de Salcedo</a> arrived in <a href="/wiki/Vigan" title="Vigan">Vigan</a> on June 13, 1572. The Spanish made Cabigbigaan their headquarters, which Salcedo called Villa Fernandina and which became known as the <i>Intramuros de Ilocandia</i>. Salcedo declared all of Northern Luzón an <i><a href="/wiki/Encomienda" title="Encomienda">encomienda</a></i> (land grant). He was the <i>encomendero</i> of Vigan and lieutenant governor of Ylokos until his death in July 1574. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Augustinians" title="Augustinians">Augustinian</a> missionaries evangelized the region, establishing parishes and building churches that still stand.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Three centuries later, Vigan became the seat of the <a href="/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Nueva_Segovia" class="mw-redirect" title="Archdiocese of Nueva Segovia">Archdiocese of Nueva Segovia</a>. </p><p>The coast of Samtoy was known to the Spanish colonizers in 1572, when Juan de Salcedo traveled along it. Sent by <a href="/wiki/Miguel_L%C3%B3pez_de_Legazpi" title="Miguel López de Legazpi">Miguel López de Legazpi</a> to explore the island of Luzón, Salcedo founded Ciudad Fernandina in 1574 in Bigan, in present-day Ilocos Sur. It became the center of Spanish rule and influence, including the evangelization and pacification movements. Due to Salcedo's efforts, the settlements in Tagurín, Santa Lucía, Nalbacán, Bantay, Candón and Sinayt were pacified and paid tribute to the King of Spain. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Conversions"><span class="anchor" id="Conversion_of_the_natives"></span>Conversions</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilocos_Sur&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Conversions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the Spanish chronicler Pigafetta, "The Ilocos are all Christians and are the humblest and most tractable".<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Augustinians established parishes in Santa in 1576, Tagurín in 1586, Santa Lucía in 1586, Nalbacán in 1587, Candón in 1591, and Bantay in 1590. They built a church in Bigan in 1641 which, 117 years later, become the cathedral of the episcopal see of Nueva Segovia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Partition_of_Ylokos">Partition of Ylokos</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilocos_Sur&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Partition of Ylokos"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ylokos consisted of the present-day provinces of <a href="/wiki/Ilocos_Norte" title="Ilocos Norte">Ilocos Norte</a>, Ilocos Sur, <a href="/wiki/Abra_(province)" title="Abra (province)">Abra</a> and part of <a href="/wiki/Mountain_Province" title="Mountain Province">Mountain Province</a>. A royal decree of February 2, 1818 separated Ilocos Norte from Ilocos Sur, the latter including northern La Union (as far as Namacpacan, present-day Luna) and present-day Abra. The sub-provinces of Lepanto and Amburayan in Mountain Province were annexed by Ilocos Sur. The passage of Act No. 2683 by the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Legislature" title="Philippine Legislature">Philippine Legislature</a> in March 1917 defined the province's geographical boundaries.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Vigan"><span class="anchor" id="Vigan,_capital_of_Ylocos"></span>Vigan</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilocos_Sur&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Vigan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Vigan" title="Vigan">Vigan</a>, almost four centuries old, was once known as Kabigbigaan (from <a href="/wiki/Alocasia_macrorrhizos" title="Alocasia macrorrhizos">biga</a>, a coarse, erect plant with large, ornate leaves that grows on riverbanks). Bigan was later changed to Vigan. To the Spanish it was Villa Fernandina, in honor of King Ferdinand. </p><p>Vigan was founded in 1574 by Spanish <a href="/wiki/Conquistador" title="Conquistador">conquistador</a> Juan de Salcedo as the capital of Ylocos. The town, with a population of 8,000 (greater than that of Manila at the time), was the center of Malayan civilization before Salcedo's arrival. It was somewhat prosperous, trading with the Chinese and Japanese who brought jars, silk and crockery through the nearby port of Pandan, <a href="/wiki/Caoayan,_Ilocos_Sur" class="mw-redirect" title="Caoayan, Ilocos Sur">Caoayan</a>. </p><p>In the 19th century, Vigan traded with Europe; ships loaded with indigo went to textile mills. The invention of chemical dyes in Germany eliminated this industry. Affluent citizens of Vigan stocked their homes with statuettes of brass and iron, dinnerware, and other artifacts of European civilization, including fine ivory, inlaid furniture, and Chinese wares.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Social_institutions">Social institutions</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilocos_Sur&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Social institutions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Salcedo bequeathed his <i>encomienda</i> to a select group who continued the tenancy system which developed into the practice of <a href="/wiki/Caciquism" title="Caciquism">caciquism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Landlordism" class="mw-redirect" title="Landlordism">landlordism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Usury" title="Usury">usury</a>. The <i>kaillanes</i> revolted against the aristocracy in 1762. Vigan's two sections during the mid-19th-century indigo boom—one for the <i>meztizo</i>s and the other for the <i>naturales</i>—remain distinct. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Migration">Migration</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilocos_Sur&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Migration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Spanish colonizers used free labor in the development of Ilocos Sur. Resentment of free labor triggered sporadic revolts, and those who refused to be slaves or tenants left the region for <a href="/wiki/Abra_(province)" title="Abra (province)">Abra</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Cagayan_Valley" title="Cagayan Valley">Cagayan Valley</a>. From 1898 to the first decade of the 20th century, covered oxcarts moved to the rich plains of <a href="/wiki/Pangasinan" title="Pangasinan">Pangasinan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nueva_Ecija" title="Nueva Ecija">Nueva Ecija</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tarlac" title="Tarlac">Tarlac</a>. Children were told tales of <a href="/wiki/Biag_ni_Lam-ang" title="Biag ni Lam-ang">Lam-ang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angalo" title="Angalo">Angalo</a>, Aran, Juan Sadot and other legendary Ilocano characters. Folk songs such as "<a href="/wiki/Pamulinawen_(folk_song)" title="Pamulinawen (folk song)">Pamulinawen</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Manang_Biday" title="Manang Biday">Manang Biday</a>", and "Dungdungwen Kanto Unay, Unay" became popular. </p><p>During the second phase of <a href="/wiki/Ilocano_people" title="Ilocano people">Ilocano</a> migration, from 1908 to 1946, surplus labor migrated to the plantations of <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a> and the U.S. West Coast. Ilocos Sur's population density was 492 per square mile at the height of migration, which made it the most densely-populated region in the Philippines except for <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a>. The last group of labor migrants to Hawaii was in 1946, when 7,365 men were recruited by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Labor" title="United States Department of Labor">United States Department of Labor</a>. <a href="/wiki/Vigan" title="Vigan">Vigan</a> was the recruiting center. More than eighty percent of Filipinos in Hawaii are of Ilocano origin.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Economic_prosperity">Economic prosperity</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilocos_Sur&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Economic prosperity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first half of the 19th century was an economic boom for Ilocos Sur. During this period, the cotton, tobacco and indigo industries were encouraged by the government. With the operations of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Company_of_the_Philippines" title="Royal Company of the Philippines">Royal Company of the Philippines</a> (<span title="Spanish-language text"><span lang="es" style="font-style: normal;">Real Compañía de Filipinas</span></span>), the textile industry was developed on a large scale and the abolition of the tobacco monopoly accelerated economic progress. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Revolts">Revolts</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilocos_Sur&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Revolts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The beginning of Spanish rule to the first decade of the nineteenth century was characterized by revolts against tribute, forced labor and monopolies. The Ilocos revolt (1762–1763), better known as Silang's Revolt, was aimed at the <i>babaknangs</i> and the <i>alcalde-mayor</i> of Vigan. After <a href="/wiki/Diego_Silang" title="Diego Silang">Diego Silang</a>'s assassination on May 28, 1763, his wife <a href="/wiki/Gabriela_Silang" title="Gabriela Silang">Maria Josefa Gabriela</a> continued the fight until she was captured and hanged on September 20, 1763.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A revolt against the government monopoly of <i>basi</i>, the native wine, began on September 16, 1807. Regular troops and recruits defeated the rebels.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On March 25, 1898, Isabelo Abaya began an uprising in Candón and raised a red flag in the town plaza as a response to Spanish abuses and oppression. A revolutionary government was established, and several other revolts followed. The Spanish sent shock troops to re-occupy Candon, and most of the leaders and participants in the uprising who surrendered were arrested and executed.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Philippine_Revolution_and_Philippine-American_War">Philippine Revolution and Philippine-American War</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilocos_Sur&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Philippine Revolution and Philippine-American War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ilocos Sur, like other Philippine provinces, rallied behind <a href="/wiki/Emilio_Aguinaldo" title="Emilio Aguinaldo">Emilio Aguinaldo</a> in the 1896 <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Revolution" title="Philippine Revolution">Philippine Revolution</a>. When Vigan was captured, the rebels made Bishop's Palace their headquarters. On March 21, 1898, Mariano Acosta of <a href="/wiki/Candon" title="Candon">Candón</a> established a provincial revolutionary government. When General Aguinaldo returned from exile in Hong Kong, he sent <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Tinio" title="Manuel Tinio">Manuel Tinio</a> to wage guerilla warfare on the Americans. Vigan was Tinio's headquarters until it was occupied by the U.S. <a href="/wiki/45th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="45th Infantry Division (United States)">45th Infantry Division</a> under <a href="/wiki/James_Parker_(Medal_of_Honor)" title="James Parker (Medal of Honor)">James Parker</a> on December 4, 1899. <a href="/wiki/Gregorio_del_Pilar" title="Gregorio del Pilar">Gregorio del Pilar</a> died on December 2, 1899, in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tirad_Pass" title="Battle of Tirad Pass">Battle of Tirad Pass</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="American_invasion"><span class="anchor" id="American_invasion_era"></span>American invasion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilocos_Sur&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: American invasion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under the Americans, a civil government was established in Ilocos Sur on September 1, 1901. <a href="/wiki/Marcelino_Crisologo" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcelino Crisologo">Mena Crisólogo</a>, a delegate to the <a href="/wiki/Malolos_Congress" title="Malolos Congress">Malolos Congress</a>, was the first provincial governor. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Japanese_occupation"><span class="anchor" id="Japanese_occupation_era"></span>Japanese occupation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilocos_Sur&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Japanese occupation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On December 10, 1941, a contingent of <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Imperial_forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese Imperial forces">Japanese Imperial forces</a> landed in Mindoro, Vigan, Santa, Pandan and Caoayan. In <a href="/wiki/Cervantes,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Cervantes, Ilocos Sur">Cervantes</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bessang_Pass" title="Battle of Bessang Pass">Battle of Bessang Pass</a> was fought between <a href="/wiki/Tomoyuki_Yamashita" title="Tomoyuki Yamashita">Tomoyuki Yamashita</a>'s forces and the U.S. 21st Infantry; it was the greatest victory by Filipino guerrillas over the Japanese Imperial Army in World War II. The guerrillas mounted a series of attacks that lasted for almost six months in early 1945.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marcos_era">Marcos era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilocos_Sur&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Marcos era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Much of the history of Ilocos Sur during the 21 years of the <a href="/wiki/Marcos_dictatorship" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcos dictatorship">Marcos dictatorship</a> are not well-documented, with the most prominent portrayals of Ilocos Sur history preferring to skip from the years immediately after Philippine independence in the 1940s, jumping straight to contemporary times.<sup id="cite_ref-Pawilen_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pawilen-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: "40"">: "40" </span></sup> Regardless, there were numerous <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_violations_of_the_Marcos_dictatorship" class="mw-redirect" title="Human rights violations of the Marcos dictatorship">human rights violations</a> documented in Ilocos Sur during the <a href="/wiki/Martial_law_under_Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos">Marcos martial law era</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-ilocosnorteHR_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ilocosnorteHR-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-McCoy2001_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCoy2001-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and there was at least one camp in the province that held political Prisoners during the Marcos era - a "Camp Diego Silang,"<sup id="cite_ref-Pawilen_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pawilen-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: "47"">: "47" </span></sup> which is different from the Police Camp established in La Union in 1989.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Organizations such as the Federation of Free Farmers (FFF) and Federation of Free Workers (FFW), sometimes supported by progressive elements of the Catholic Church, continued to fight for the labor rights of the poor until the 1972 declaration of Martial law made it illegal to peaceful protests.<sup id="cite_ref-Pawilen_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pawilen-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: "46"">: "46" </span></sup> Some of the frustrated protesters then opted to pursue an armed resistance against the dictatorship,<sup id="cite_ref-Pawilen_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pawilen-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: "47"">: "47" </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Davis1989PalgraveMcmillan_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davis1989PalgraveMcmillan-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> many of whom only returned to peaceful life after the Marcoses were finally deposed by the civilian-led <a href="/wiki/People_Power_revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="People Power revolution">People Power revolution</a> of 1986.<sup id="cite_ref-Pawilen_14-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pawilen-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: "47"">: "47" </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Davis1989PalgraveMcmillan_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davis1989PalgraveMcmillan-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>But the most prominent protests and incidents of the period actually took place before 1972, and involved the Marcos administration's support for local strongmen<sup id="cite_ref-Pawilen_14-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pawilen-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: "50"">: "50" </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-McCoy2017_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCoy2017-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BaguioChronicleFrankCimatu_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BaguioChronicleFrankCimatu-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> rather than national controversies.<sup id="cite_ref-Pawilen_14-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pawilen-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: "50"">: "50" </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bantay_incident">Bantay incident</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilocos_Sur&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Bantay incident"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Marcos' victory in the 1965 Presidential Elections had required that he gain political control of the north as a solid voting block, which meant forming alliances with the most prominent local "warlords" of the time<sup id="cite_ref-BaguioChronicleFrankCimatu_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BaguioChronicleFrankCimatu-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> - Ilocos Norte 1st District Representative <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Raquiza" title="Antonio Raquiza">Antonio Raquiza</a> whom Marcos would later appoint as <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Public_Works_and_Highways" title="Secretary of Public Works and Highways">Secretary of Public Works and Highways</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-BaguioChronicleFrankCimatu_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BaguioChronicleFrankCimatu-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La Union 2nd District Representative Manuel T. Cases;<sup id="cite_ref-BaguioChronicleFrankCimatu_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BaguioChronicleFrankCimatu-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Ilocos Sur 1st District Representative Floro Singson Crisologo.<sup id="cite_ref-BaguioChronicleFrankCimatu_21-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BaguioChronicleFrankCimatu-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-McCoy2017_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCoy2017-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Crisologo's cousin, Captain <a href="/wiki/Fabian_Ver" title="Fabian Ver">Fabian Ver</a> of the Philippine Constabulary's Criminal Investigation Service, became part of Marcos' inner circle and eventually became one of Marcos' most trusted lieutenants.<sup id="cite_ref-McCoy2017_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCoy2017-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historian Alfred McCoy noted in a 2017 article that "The Crisologos were one of the political families that was buoyed by the rise of Marcos to power, and that they were able to dominate their political rivals in Ilocos Sur as Marcos solidified his hold on power. McCoy also noted that Crisologo created a private army, which residents called the <i>saka-saka</i>, which literally means "barefooted" in Ilocano;<sup id="cite_ref-McCoy2017_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCoy2017-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> controlled electoral offices;<sup id="cite_ref-McCoy2017_20-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCoy2017-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and used blockades to create a monopoly on the tobacco that came out of the province.<sup id="cite_ref-McCoy2017_20-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCoy2017-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>But a turning point took place in May 1970 with the so-called "Bantay Incident." The <i>saka-saka</i> assassinated a former mayor of <a href="/wiki/Bantay,_Ilocos_Sur" class="mw-redirect" title="Bantay, Ilocos Sur">Bantay</a>, the town next to Vigan, in 1969, and then in May 1970, burned the villages of Ora Este and Ora Centro in retaliation for their residents' support for Crisologo's opponent Chavit Singson during the 1996 elections.<sup id="cite_ref-rappler_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rappler-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One elderly woman who was killed in the blaze.<sup id="cite_ref-BaguioChronicleFrankCimatu_21-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BaguioChronicleFrankCimatu-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Public opinion compelled Marcos to investigate the incident and arrest Crisologo's son <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Crisologo" title="Vincent Crisologo">Vincent</a>, who was reported to be the leader the <i>saka-saka</i> at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-Pawilen_14-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pawilen-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: "51"">: "51" </span></sup> McCoy notes that Crisologo reportedly went to Marcos and appealed for help, while demanding a greater share of rewards that Marcos had promised him in exchange for supporting his <a href="/wiki/1969_Philippine_presidential_election" title="1969 Philippine presidential election">presidential reelection campaign in 1969</a>. When Marcos refused, Crisologo reportedly then threatened to expose Marcos's and Ver's participation in cornering the tobacco monopoly in the <a href="/wiki/Ilocos_Region" title="Ilocos Region">Ilocos Region</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BaguioChronicleFrankCimatu_21-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BaguioChronicleFrankCimatu-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-McCoy2017_20-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCoy2017-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pawilen_14-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pawilen-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: "51"">: "51" </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Assassination_of_Floro_Crisologo">Assassination of Floro Crisologo</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilocos_Sur&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Assassination of Floro Crisologo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Floro_Crisologo" title="Floro Crisologo">Floro Crisologo</a></div> <p>Shortly after his reported meeting with Marcos,<sup id="cite_ref-Pawilen_14-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pawilen-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: "51"">: "51" </span></sup> Crisologo was killed on 18 October 1970 after being shot in the head while kneeling inside <a href="/wiki/Vigan_Cathedral" title="Vigan Cathedral">Vigan Cathedral</a> during a church service, by a gunman who stood directly behind him and then escaped among terrified churchgoers.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His killer was never found and the case remains unsolved.<sup id="cite_ref-BaguioChronicleFrankCimatu_21-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BaguioChronicleFrankCimatu-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>No special election was called to replace him in Congress,<sup id="cite_ref-Pawilen_14-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pawilen-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and his seat remained vacant until the dissolution of Congress in 1972 following the declaration of <a href="/wiki/Martial_Law_under_Ferdinand_Marcos" class="mw-redirect" title="Martial Law under Ferdinand Marcos">martial law</a> by President Marcos in 1972 and was only occupied again in 1987 following Marcos's overthrow and the restoration of Congress.<sup id="cite_ref-Pawilen_14-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pawilen-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-roster_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roster-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Crisologo's murder and the defeat of his wife Carmeling to Chavit Singson in the gubernatorial race and that of his son Vincent in the mayoralty contest in Vigan to a brother of Chavit in 1971 led to the end of his family's political dominance in the province and the rise of the Singson family to prominence.<sup id="cite_ref-BaguioChronicleFrankCimatu_21-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BaguioChronicleFrankCimatu-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Contemporary_history">Contemporary history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilocos_Sur&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Contemporary history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1986-87_Jose_Burgos_Jr_provisional_revolutionary_governorship">1986-87 Jose Burgos Jr provisional revolutionary governorship</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilocos_Sur&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: 1986-87 Jose Burgos Jr provisional revolutionary governorship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_the_Philippines_(1986%E2%80%931987)" title="Provisional Government of the Philippines (1986–1987)">Provisional Government of the Philippines (1986–1987)</a></div> <p>When the <a href="/wiki/People_Power_Revolution" title="People Power Revolution">People Power Revolution</a> which ended on February 25, 1986 deposed <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">Ferdinand Marcos</a> from power, and installed <a href="/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino">Corazon Aquino</a> as the new president of the Philippines,<sup id="cite_ref-aquino-proclaims_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aquino-proclaims-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-freereign_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-freereign-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a <a href="/wiki/Provisional_government" title="Provisional government">provisional revolutionary government</a> was set up in the country, and newspaper publisher <a href="/wiki/Jose_G._Burgos_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Jose G. Burgos Jr.">Jose G. Burgos Jr.</a> was appointed OIC Governor until a new constitution could be ratified and new officials elected.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2020_COVID-19_pandemic">2020 COVID-19 pandemic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilocos_Sur&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: 2020 COVID-19 pandemic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Ilocos_Region" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Ilocos Region">COVID-19 pandemic in the Ilocos Region</a></div> <p>Executive Order No. 12<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Executive Order No. 13,<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> were issued on March 12 and 13, 2020, respectively, mandating the suspension of classes at all levels from March 13 to April 12, 2020, as well as the suspension of other school activities that involve the gathering of crowds, at both public and private schools in the province.<sup id="cite_ref-Ilocos_Sur_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ilocos_Sur-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On March 15, the province was placed under community quarantine through Executive Order No. 14 which restricted the movement of people to and from Ilocos Sur, mandated the establishment of checkpoints and conditions for transportation and travel, prohibited social gatherings, encouraged flexible/alternative work arrangements or suspension of work, suspended tourism, prohibited hoarding, delineated rules for business establishments, and imposed a curfew.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the approval of "uniform travel protocols for land, air, and sea of the Department of the Interior and Local Government, crafted in close coordination with the Union of Local Authorities of the Philippines, League of Provinces of the Philippines, League of Municipalities of the Philippines, and the League of Cities of the Philippines," in Resolution No. 101, Series of 2021,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ilocos Sur Governor Ryan Luis V. Singson issued Executive Order No. 22, Series of 2021,<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mandating the travel protocols for implementation in the province. The resolution institutionalized the use of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://s-pass.ph/">System Safe, Swift, and Smart Passage (S-PaSS) Travel Management System</a>, and the executive order eliminated the mandatory testing requirement for persons in specific traveler classifications who seek to enter or pass through the province. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2022_Luzon_earthquake">2022 Luzon earthquake</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilocos_Sur&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: 2022 Luzon earthquake"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2022_Luzon_earthquake" title="2022 Luzon earthquake">2022 Luzon earthquake</a></div> <p>Ilocos Sur was severely affected by the <a href="/wiki/2022_Luzon_earthquake" title="2022 Luzon earthquake">2022 Luzon earthquake</a>, which was felt strongly in Ilocos Sur for 30 seconds or longer.<sup id="cite_ref-reuters1_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reuters1-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A total of 32 towns and two cities received damage, with the heaviest in Vigan.<sup id="cite_ref-rmn1_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rmn1-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nearly 100 homes were heavily damaged.<sup id="cite_ref-rmn1_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rmn1-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Heritage sites in the <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_City" class="mw-redirect" title="World Heritage City">World Heritage City</a> of <a href="/wiki/Vigan" title="Vigan">Vigan</a> were damaged, including the <a href="/wiki/Vigan_Cathedral" title="Vigan Cathedral">Vigan Cathedral</a> and old-century houses, as well as few toppled power lines along Calle Crisologo.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Parts of the old historic belfry of <a href="/wiki/Bantay_Church" title="Bantay Church">Bantay Church</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bantay" title="Bantay">the town of the same name</a> also suffered severe damage.<sup id="cite_ref-bantay_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bantay-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilocos_Sur&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vigan_coast_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Vigan_coast_3.jpg/180px-Vigan_coast_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Vigan_coast_3.jpg/270px-Vigan_coast_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Vigan_coast_3.jpg/360px-Vigan_coast_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Coastline of <a href="/wiki/Vigan" title="Vigan">Vigan</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Ilocos Sur occupies the central section of the <a href="/wiki/Ilocos_Region" title="Ilocos Region">Ilocos Region</a> in northern <a href="/wiki/Luzon" title="Luzon">Luzon</a>. It is bordered by <a href="/wiki/Ilocos_Norte" title="Ilocos Norte">Ilocos Norte</a> to the north, <a href="/wiki/Abra_(province)" title="Abra (province)">Abra</a> to the northeast, <a href="/wiki/Mountain_Province" title="Mountain Province">Mountain Province</a> to the east, <a href="/wiki/Benguet" title="Benguet">Benguet</a> to the southeast, <a href="/wiki/La_Union" title="La Union">La Union</a> to the south, and the <a href="/wiki/South_China_Sea" title="South China Sea">South China Sea</a> to the west. Its area of 2,596.00 square kilometres (1,002.32 sq mi)<sup id="cite_ref-nscb_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nscb-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> occupies about 20% of the total land area of <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ilocos_Region" title="Ilocos Region">Region 1</a></span>. The topography of Ilocos Sur ranges from 10 to 1,700 metres (33 to 5,577 ft) <a href="/wiki/Above_sea_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Above sea level">above sea level</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilocos_Sur&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The climate is generally dry as defined by the Hernandez climate classification—the dry months are from October to May. The southernmost portion in <a href="/wiki/Cervantes,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Cervantes, Ilocos Sur">Cervantes</a> is wet with rain evenly distributed throughout the year while the southeastern part of <a href="/wiki/Sugpon,_Ilocos_Sur" class="mw-redirect" title="Sugpon, Ilocos Sur">Sugpon</a> receives less precipitation. The rainy season arrives in August while January and February have the lowest precipitation. The mean temperature in the province is 27 °C (81 °F). January is the coldest.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Vagueness" title="Wikipedia:Vagueness"><span title="This information is too vague. (April 2016)">vague</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilocos_Sur&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Administrative divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ilocos Sur comprises 32 <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_Philippines" title="Municipalities of the Philippines">municipalities</a> and 2 <a href="/wiki/Cities_of_the_Philippines#Classification" title="Cities of the Philippines">component cities</a>, which are organized into two <a href="/wiki/Legislative_districts_of_Ilocos_Sur" title="Legislative districts of Ilocos Sur">legislative districts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nscb_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nscb-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are a total of 768 <a href="/wiki/List_of_barangays_in_Ilocos_Sur" title="List of barangays in Ilocos Sur">barangays</a> in the province.<sup id="cite_ref-PSA20–01_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PSA20–01-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ph_fil_ilocos_sur.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Ph_fil_ilocos_sur.png/240px-Ph_fil_ilocos_sur.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="360" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Ph_fil_ilocos_sur.png/360px-Ph_fil_ilocos_sur.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Ph_fil_ilocos_sur.png/480px-Ph_fil_ilocos_sur.png 2x" data-file-width="2802" data-file-height="4202" /></a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Political map of Ilocos Sur</b></div></figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#CCFFCC; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> † </span> <span style="font-size:90%;">Provincial capital and component city</span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FFE6F3; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> ∗ </span> <span style="font-size:90%;">Component city</span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FDFDFD; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <span style="font-size:90%;">Municipality</span></li></ul></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation" style="width: auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:auto;table-layout:fixed;text-align:right;background-color:#FDFDFD;font-size:90%;border-collapse:collapse;"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="border-bottom:none;" class="unsortable" colspan="2">City <span style="font-size:85%;">or</span> municipality </th> <th scope="col" style="border-bottom:none;" class="unsortable"><a href="/wiki/Legislative_districts_of_Ilocos_Sur" title="Legislative districts of Ilocos Sur">District</a><sup id="cite_ref-nscb_40-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nscb-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th scope="col" style="border-bottom:none;" class="unsortable" colspan="3">Population </th> <th scope="col" style="border-bottom:none;" class="unsortable"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate. Executive Order 135 §6 states that for "census years" (years divisible by 10) the reference date would be May 1, but for all other years, the reference date is to be the "middle of the year". This means that growth rates, although correct, are not necessarily simple year-on-year comparisons.">±% p.a.</abbr> </th> <th scope="col" style="border-bottom:none;" class="unsortable" colspan="2">Area<sup id="cite_ref-nscb_40-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nscb-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th scope="col" style="border-bottom:none;" class="unsortable" colspan="2">Density </th> <th scope="col" style="border-bottom:none;" class="unsortable"><abbr title="Total number of barangays">Barangay</abbr> </th> <th scope="col" style="border-bottom:none;" class="unsortable"><a href="/wiki/Coordinates" class="mw-redirect" title="Coordinates">Coordinates</a><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_Coordnone"><a href="#endnote_Coordnone">[A]</a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="col" style="border-top:none;" colspan="2"> </th> <th scope="col" style="border-top:none;"> </th> <th scope="col" style="border-style:hidden hidden solid solid;" colspan="2"><span style="font-size:85%;">(2020)</span><sup id="cite_ref-PSA20–01_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PSA20–01-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th scope="col" style="border-style:hidden solid solid hidden;"><span style="font-size:85%;">(2015)</span><sup id="cite_ref-PSA15–01_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PSA15–01-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th scope="col" style="border-top:none;"> </th> <th scope="col" style="border-style:hidden hidden solid solid;">km<sup>2</sup> </th> <th scope="col" style="border-style:hidden solid solid hidden;" class="unsortable"><span class="nowrap">sq mi</span> </th> <th scope="col" style="border-style:hidden hidden solid solid;">/km<sup>2</sup> </th> <th scope="col" style="border-style:hidden solid solid hidden;" class="unsortable"><span class="nowrap">/sq mi</span> </th> <th scope="col" style="border-top:none;"> </th> <th scope="col" style="border-top:none;"> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Alilem,_Ilocos_Sur" class="mw-redirect" title="Alilem, Ilocos Sur">Alilem</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">2nd </td> <td style="text-align:right"><span data-sort-value="7000106732514775225♠" style="display:none"></span>1.1%</td> <td style="text-align:right">7,361 </td> <td>6,695 </td> <td>1.82% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">119.33 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">46.07 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">62 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">160 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">9 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ilocos_Sur&params=16.8870_N_120.5299_E_region:PH-ILS_type:city&title=Alilem"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">16°53′13″N</span> <span class="longitude">120°31′48″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">16.8870°N 120.5299°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">16.8870; 120.5299</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Alilem</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Banayoyo,_Ilocos_Sur" class="mw-redirect" title="Banayoyo, Ilocos Sur">Banayoyo</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">2nd </td> <td style="text-align:right"><span data-sort-value="7000114997361049084♠" style="display:none"></span>1.1%</td> <td style="text-align:right">7,931 </td> <td>7,748 </td> <td>0.45% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">24.63 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">9.51 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">320 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">830 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">14 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ilocos_Sur&params=17.2358_N_120.4797_E_region:PH-ILS_type:city&title=Banayoyo"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">17°14′09″N</span> <span class="longitude">120°28′47″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">17.2358°N 120.4797°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">17.2358; 120.4797</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Banayoyo</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bantay,_Ilocos_Sur" class="mw-redirect" title="Bantay, Ilocos Sur">Bantay</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">1st </td> <td style="text-align:right"><span data-sort-value="7000538200989461596♠" style="display:none"></span>5.4%</td> <td style="text-align:right">37,118 </td> <td>35,731 </td> <td>0.73% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">76.60 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">29.58 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">480 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,200 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">34 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ilocos_Sur&params=17.5818_N_120.3865_E_region:PH-ILS_type:city&title=Bantay"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">17°34′54″N</span> <span class="longitude">120°23′11″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">17.5818°N 120.3865°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">17.5818; 120.3865</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Bantay</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Burgos,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Burgos, Ilocos Sur">Burgos</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">2nd </td> <td style="text-align:right"><span data-sort-value="7000185495049792073♠" style="display:none"></span>1.9%</td> <td style="text-align:right">12,793 </td> <td>12,224 </td> <td>0.87% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">44.38 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">17.14 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">290 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">750 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">26 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ilocos_Sur&params=17.3160_N_120.5093_E_region:PH-ILS_type:city&title=Burgos"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">17°18′58″N</span> <span class="longitude">120°30′33″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">17.3160°N 120.5093°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">17.3160; 120.5093</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Burgos</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Cabugao,_Ilocos_Sur" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabugao, Ilocos Sur">Cabugao</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">1st </td> <td style="text-align:right"><span data-sort-value="7000563807513180254♠" style="display:none"></span>5.6%</td> <td style="text-align:right">38,884 </td> <td>37,501 </td> <td>0.69% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">95.56 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">36.90 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">410 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,100 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">33 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ilocos_Sur&params=17.7926_N_120.4559_E_region:PH-ILS_type:city&title=Cabugao"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">17°47′33″N</span> <span class="longitude">120°27′21″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">17.7926°N 120.4559°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">17.7926; 120.4559</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Cabugao</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFE6F3;"> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:#FFE6F3;border-right:0;"><a href="/wiki/Candon" title="Candon">Candon</a> </th> <td style="text-align:right;border-left:0;">∗ </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2nd </td> <td style="text-align:right"><span data-sort-value="7000890747432097762♠" style="display:none"></span>8.9%</td> <td style="text-align:right">61,432 </td> <td>60,623 </td> <td>0.25% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">103.28 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">39.88 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">590 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,500 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">42 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ilocos_Sur&params=17.1895_N_120.4474_E_region:PH-ILS_type:city&title=Candon"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">17°11′22″N</span> <span class="longitude">120°26′51″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">17.1895°N 120.4474°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">17.1895; 120.4474</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Candon</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Caoayan,_Ilocos_Sur" class="mw-redirect" title="Caoayan, Ilocos Sur">Caoayan</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">1st </td> <td style="text-align:right"><span data-sort-value="7000283817720990389♠" style="display:none"></span>2.8%</td> <td style="text-align:right">19,574 </td> <td>19,861 </td> <td>−0.28% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">17.42 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6.73 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,100 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,800 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">17 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ilocos_Sur&params=17.5477_N_120.3833_E_region:PH-ILS_type:city&title=Caoayan"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">17°32′52″N</span> <span class="longitude">120°23′00″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">17.5477°N 120.3833°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">17.5477; 120.3833</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Caoayan</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Cervantes,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Cervantes, Ilocos Sur">Cervantes</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">2nd </td> <td style="text-align:right"><span data-sort-value="7000282005254702262♠" style="display:none"></span>2.8%</td> <td style="text-align:right">19,449 </td> <td>17,211 </td> <td>2.35% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">234.70 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">90.62 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">83 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">210 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">13 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ilocos_Sur&params=16.9899_N_120.7354_E_region:PH-ILS_type:city&title=Cervantes"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">16°59′24″N</span> <span class="longitude">120°44′07″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">16.9899°N 120.7354°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">16.9899; 120.7354</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Cervantes</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Galimuyod,_Ilocos_Sur" class="mw-redirect" title="Galimuyod, Ilocos Sur">Galimuyod</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">2nd </td> <td style="text-align:right"><span data-sort-value="7000148535237244587♠" style="display:none"></span>1.5%</td> <td style="text-align:right">10,244 </td> <td>10,748 </td> <td>−0.91% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">34.40 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">13.28 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">300 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">780 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">24 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ilocos_Sur&params=17.1830_N_120.4687_E_region:PH-ILS_type:city&title=Galimuyod"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">17°10′59″N</span> <span class="longitude">120°28′07″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">17.1830°N 120.4687°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">17.1830; 120.4687</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Galimuyod</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Gregorio_del_Pilar,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Gregorio del Pilar, Ilocos Sur">Gregorio del Pilar</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">2nd </td> <td style="text-align:right"><span data-sort-value="6999648427939240330♠" style="display:none"></span>0.6%</td> <td style="text-align:right">4,472 </td> <td>4,875 </td> <td>−1.63% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">41.66 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">16.09 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">110 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">280 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">7 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ilocos_Sur&params=17.1481_N_120.6109_E_region:PH-ILS_type:city&title=Gregorio+del+Pilar"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">17°08′53″N</span> <span class="longitude">120°36′39″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">17.1481°N 120.6109°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">17.1481; 120.6109</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Gregorio del Pilar</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Lidlidda,_Ilocos_Sur" class="mw-redirect" title="Lidlidda, Ilocos Sur">Lidlidda</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">2nd </td> <td style="text-align:right"><span data-sort-value="6999682212310851018♠" style="display:none"></span>0.7%</td> <td style="text-align:right">4,705 </td> <td>4,647 </td> <td>0.24% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">33.84 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">13.07 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">140 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">360 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">11 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ilocos_Sur&params=17.2519_N_120.5207_E_region:PH-ILS_type:city&title=Lidlidda"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">17°15′07″N</span> <span class="longitude">120°31′15″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">17.2519°N 120.5207°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">17.2519; 120.5207</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Lidlidda</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Magsingal,_Ilocos_Sur" class="mw-redirect" title="Magsingal, Ilocos Sur">Magsingal</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">1st </td> <td style="text-align:right"><span data-sort-value="7000453957556389451♠" style="display:none"></span>4.5%</td> <td style="text-align:right">31,308 </td> <td>30,792 </td> <td>0.32% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">84.98 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">32.81 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">370 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">960 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">30 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ilocos_Sur&params=17.6851_N_120.4257_E_region:PH-ILS_type:city&title=Magsingal"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">17°41′06″N</span> <span class="longitude">120°25′33″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">17.6851°N 120.4257°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">17.6851; 120.4257</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Magsingal</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Nagbukel,_Ilocos_Sur" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagbukel, Ilocos Sur">Nagbukel</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">2nd </td> <td style="text-align:right"><span data-sort-value="6999792410261169142♠" style="display:none"></span>0.8%</td> <td style="text-align:right">5,465 </td> <td>5,259 </td> <td>0.73% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">43.12 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">16.65 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">130 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">340 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">12 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ilocos_Sur&params=17.4466_N_120.5260_E_region:PH-ILS_type:city&title=Nagbukel"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">17°26′48″N</span> <span class="longitude">120°31′34″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">17.4466°N 120.5260°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">17.4466; 120.5260</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Nagbukel</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Narvacan,_Ilocos_Sur" class="mw-redirect" title="Narvacan, Ilocos Sur">Narvacan</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">2nd </td> <td style="text-align:right"><span data-sort-value="7000670380530922124♠" style="display:none"></span>6.7%</td> <td style="text-align:right">46,234 </td> <td>44,006 </td> <td>0.94% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">122.21 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">47.19 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">380 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">980 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">34 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ilocos_Sur&params=17.4194_N_120.4769_E_region:PH-ILS_type:city&title=Narvacan"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">17°25′10″N</span> <span class="longitude">120°28′37″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">17.4194°N 120.4769°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">17.4194; 120.4769</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Narvacan</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Quirino,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Quirino, Ilocos Sur">Quirino</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">2nd </td> <td style="text-align:right"><span data-sort-value="7000134934490218481♠" style="display:none"></span>1.3%</td> <td style="text-align:right">9,306 </td> <td>8,573 </td> <td>1.57% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">240.10 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">92.70 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">39 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">100 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">9 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ilocos_Sur&params=17.1367_N_120.6765_E_region:PH-ILS_type:city&title=Quirino"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">17°08′12″N</span> <span class="longitude">120°40′35″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">17.1367°N 120.6765°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">17.1367; 120.6765</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Quirino</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Salcedo,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Salcedo, Ilocos Sur">Salcedo</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">2nd </td> <td style="text-align:right"><span data-sort-value="7000161092003688731♠" style="display:none"></span>1.6%</td> <td style="text-align:right">11,110 </td> <td>11,288 </td> <td>−0.30% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">103.44 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">39.94 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">110 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">280 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">21 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ilocos_Sur&params=17.1507_N_120.5361_E_region:PH-ILS_type:city&title=Salcedo"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">17°09′03″N</span> <span class="longitude">120°32′10″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">17.1507°N 120.5361°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">17.1507; 120.5361</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Salcedo</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/San_Emilio,_Ilocos_Sur" class="mw-redirect" title="San Emilio, Ilocos Sur">San Emilio</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">2nd </td> <td style="text-align:right"><span data-sort-value="7000104485056577947♠" style="display:none"></span>1.0%</td> <td style="text-align:right">7,206 </td> <td>7,407 </td> <td>−0.52% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">141.44 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">54.61 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">51 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">130 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">8 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ilocos_Sur&params=17.2386_N_120.5789_E_region:PH-ILS_type:city&title=San+Emilio"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">17°14′19″N</span> <span class="longitude">120°34′44″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">17.2386°N 120.5789°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">17.2386; 120.5789</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">San Emilio</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/San_Esteban,_Ilocos_Sur" title="San Esteban, Ilocos Sur">San Esteban</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">2nd </td> <td style="text-align:right"><span data-sort-value="7000121522239686341♠" style="display:none"></span>1.2%</td> <td style="text-align:right">8,381 </td> <td>8,349 </td> <td>0.07% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">19.62 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">7.58 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">430 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,100 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">10 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ilocos_Sur&params=17.3297_N_120.4451_E_region:PH-ILS_type:city&title=San+Esteban"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">17°19′47″N</span> <span class="longitude">120°26′42″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">17.3297°N 120.4451°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">17.3297; 120.4451</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">San Esteban</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/San_Ildefonso,_Ilocos_Sur" title="San Ildefonso, Ilocos Sur">San Ildefonso</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">1st </td> <td style="text-align:right"><span data-sort-value="7000118752791198083♠" style="display:none"></span>1.2%</td> <td style="text-align:right">8,190 </td> <td>7,787 </td> <td>0.97% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">11.35 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4.38 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">720 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,900 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">15 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ilocos_Sur&params=17.6249_N_120.3931_E_region:PH-ILS_type:city&title=San+Ildefonso"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">17°37′30″N</span> <span class="longitude">120°23′35″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">17.6249°N 120.3931°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">17.6249; 120.3931</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">San Ildefonso</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/San_Juan,_Ilocos_Sur" title="San Juan, Ilocos Sur">San Juan</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">1st </td> <td style="text-align:right"><span data-sort-value="7000386765806156005♠" style="display:none"></span>3.9%</td> <td style="text-align:right">26,674 </td> <td>26,411 </td> <td>0.19% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">64.37 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">24.85 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">410 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,100 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">32 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ilocos_Sur&params=17.7422_N_120.4583_E_region:PH-ILS_type:city&title=San+Juan"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">17°44′32″N</span> <span class="longitude">120°27′30″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">17.7422°N 120.4583°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">17.7422; 120.4583</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">San Juan</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/San_Vicente,_Ilocos_Sur" title="San Vicente, Ilocos Sur">San Vicente</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">1st </td> <td style="text-align:right"><span data-sort-value="7000190207462141204♠" style="display:none"></span>1.9%</td> <td style="text-align:right">13,118 </td> <td>12,758 </td> <td>0.53% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">12.60 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4.86 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,000 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,600 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">7 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ilocos_Sur&params=17.5941_N_120.3729_E_region:PH-ILS_type:city&title=San+Vicente"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">17°35′39″N</span> <span class="longitude">120°22′22″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">17.5941°N 120.3729°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">17.5941; 120.3729</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">San Vicente</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Santa,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Santa, Ilocos Sur">Santa</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">2nd </td> <td style="text-align:right"><span data-sort-value="7000217379956732804♠" style="display:none"></span>2.2%</td> <td style="text-align:right">14,992 </td> <td>15,340 </td> <td>−0.44% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">109.10 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">42.12 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">140 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">360 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">26 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ilocos_Sur&params=17.4860_N_120.4344_E_region:PH-ILS_type:city&title=Santa"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">17°29′10″N</span> <span class="longitude">120°26′04″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">17.4860°N 120.4344°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">17.4860; 120.4344</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Santa</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Santa_Catalina,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Santa Catalina, Ilocos Sur">Santa Catalina</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">1st </td> <td style="text-align:right"><span data-sort-value="7000210144591310601♠" style="display:none"></span>2.1%</td> <td style="text-align:right">14,493 </td> <td>13,945 </td> <td>0.74% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">9.68 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">3.74 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,500 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">3,900 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">9 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ilocos_Sur&params=17.5888_N_120.3634_E_region:PH-ILS_type:city&title=Santa+Catalina"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">17°35′20″N</span> <span class="longitude">120°21′48″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">17.5888°N 120.3634°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">17.5888; 120.3634</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Santa Catalina</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Santa Cruz, Ilocos Sur">Santa Cruz</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">2nd </td> <td style="text-align:right"><span data-sort-value="7000599795843797305♠" style="display:none"></span>6.0%</td> <td style="text-align:right">41,366 </td> <td>39,868 </td> <td>0.70% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">88.78 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">34.28 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">470 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,200 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">49 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ilocos_Sur&params=17.0844_N_120.4520_E_region:PH-ILS_type:city&title=Santa+Cruz"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">17°05′04″N</span> <span class="longitude">120°27′07″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">17.0844°N 120.4520°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">17.0844; 120.4520</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Santa Cruz</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Santa_Lucia,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Santa Lucia, Ilocos Sur">Santa Lucia</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">2nd </td> <td style="text-align:right"><span data-sort-value="7000376499997100053♠" style="display:none"></span>3.8%</td> <td style="text-align:right">25,966 </td> <td>25,402 </td> <td>0.42% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">49.72 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">19.20 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">520 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,300 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">36 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ilocos_Sur&params=17.1173_N_120.4480_E_region:PH-ILS_type:city&title=Santa+Lucia"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">17°07′02″N</span> <span class="longitude">120°26′53″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">17.1173°N 120.4480°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">17.1173; 120.4480</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Santa Lucia</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Santa Maria, Ilocos Sur">Santa Maria</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">2nd </td> <td style="text-align:right"><span data-sort-value="7000435078907532319♠" style="display:none"></span>4.4%</td> <td style="text-align:right">30,006 </td> <td>30,321 </td> <td>−0.20% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">63.31 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">24.44 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">470 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,200 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">33 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ilocos_Sur&params=17.3676_N_120.4807_E_region:PH-ILS_type:city&title=Santa+Maria"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">17°22′03″N</span> <span class="longitude">120°28′51″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">17.3676°N 120.4807°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">17.3676; 120.4807</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Santa Maria</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Santiago,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Santiago, Ilocos Sur">Santiago</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">2nd </td> <td style="text-align:right"><span data-sort-value="7000282324248768972♠" style="display:none"></span>2.8%</td> <td style="text-align:right">19,471 </td> <td>18,759 </td> <td>0.71% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">46.36 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">17.90 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">420 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,100 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">24 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ilocos_Sur&params=17.2940_N_120.4453_E_region:PH-ILS_type:city&title=Santiago"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">17°17′38″N</span> <span class="longitude">120°26′43″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">17.2940°N 120.4453°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">17.2940; 120.4453</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Santiago</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Santo_Domingo,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Santo Domingo, Ilocos Sur">Santo Domingo</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">1st </td> <td style="text-align:right"><span data-sort-value="7000421086667787979♠" style="display:none"></span>4.2%</td> <td style="text-align:right">29,041 </td> <td>27,975 </td> <td>0.71% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">55.49 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">21.42 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">520 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,300 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">36 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ilocos_Sur&params=17.6378_N_120.4101_E_region:PH-ILS_type:city&title=Santo+Domingo"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">17°38′16″N</span> <span class="longitude">120°24′36″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">17.6378°N 120.4101°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">17.6378; 120.4101</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Santo Domingo</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Sigay,_Ilocos_Sur" class="mw-redirect" title="Sigay, Ilocos Sur">Sigay</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">2nd </td> <td style="text-align:right"><span data-sort-value="6999370033117384016♠" style="display:none"></span>0.4%</td> <td style="text-align:right">2,552 </td> <td>2,737 </td> <td>−1.32% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">81.55 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">31.49 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">31 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">80 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">7 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ilocos_Sur&params=17.0429_N_120.5795_E_region:PH-ILS_type:city&title=Sigay"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">17°02′34″N</span> <span class="longitude">120°34′46″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">17.0429°N 120.5795°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">17.0429; 120.5795</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Sigay</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Sinait,_Ilocos_Sur" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinait, Ilocos Sur">Sinait</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">1st </td> <td style="text-align:right"><span data-sort-value="7000376963988469814♠" style="display:none"></span>3.8%</td> <td style="text-align:right">25,998 </td> <td>25,640 </td> <td>0.26% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">65.56 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">25.31 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">400 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,000 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">44 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ilocos_Sur&params=17.8664_N_120.4561_E_region:PH-ILS_type:city&title=Sinait"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">17°51′59″N</span> <span class="longitude">120°27′22″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">17.8664°N 120.4561°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">17.8664; 120.4561</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Sinait</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Sugpon,_Ilocos_Sur" class="mw-redirect" title="Sugpon, Ilocos Sur">Sugpon</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">2nd </td> <td style="text-align:right"><span data-sort-value="6999714836704037304♠" style="display:none"></span>0.7%</td> <td style="text-align:right">4,930 </td> <td>4,585 </td> <td>1.39% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">57.11 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">22.05 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">86 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">220 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">6 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ilocos_Sur&params=16.8272_N_120.4959_E_region:PH-ILS_type:city&title=Sugpon"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">16°49′38″N</span> <span class="longitude">120°29′45″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">16.8272°N 120.4959°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">16.8272; 120.4959</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Sugpon</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Suyo,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Suyo, Ilocos Sur">Suyo</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">2nd </td> <td style="text-align:right"><span data-sort-value="7000156104096463805♠" style="display:none"></span>1.6%</td> <td style="text-align:right">10,766 </td> <td>11,446 </td> <td>−1.16% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">124.00 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">47.88 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">87 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">230 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">8 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ilocos_Sur&params=16.9758_N_120.5249_E_region:PH-ILS_type:city&title=Suyo"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">16°58′33″N</span> <span class="longitude">120°31′30″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">16.9758°N 120.5249°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">16.9758; 120.5249</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Suyo</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Tagudin,_Ilocos_Sur" class="mw-redirect" title="Tagudin, Ilocos Sur">Tagudin</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">2nd </td> <td style="text-align:right"><span data-sort-value="7000602289797409768♠" style="display:none"></span>6.0%</td> <td style="text-align:right">41,538 </td> <td>39,277 </td> <td>1.07% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">151.19 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">58.37 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">270 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">700 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">43 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ilocos_Sur&params=16.9345_N_120.4450_E_region:PH-ILS_type:city&title=Tagudin"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">16°56′04″N</span> <span class="longitude">120°26′42″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">16.9345°N 120.4450°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">16.9345; 120.4450</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Tagudin</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#CCFFCC;"> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:#CCFFCC;border-right:0;"><a href="/wiki/Vigan" title="Vigan">Vigan City</a> </th> <td style="text-align:right;border-left:0;">† </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1st </td> <td style="text-align:right"><span data-sort-value="7000782042954001055♠" style="display:none"></span>7.8%</td> <td style="text-align:right">53,935 </td> <td>53,879 </td> <td>0.02% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">25.12 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">9.70 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,100 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">5,400 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">39 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ilocos_Sur&params=17.5729_N_120.3867_E_region:PH-ILS_type:city&title=Vigan"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">17°34′22″N</span> <span class="longitude">120°23′12″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">17.5729°N 120.3867°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">17.5729; 120.3867</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Vigan</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr class="sortbottom"> <th scope="row" colspan="4" style="text-align:left;">Total </th> <th scope="col" style="text-align:right;">706,009 </th> <th scope="col" style="text-align:right;">689,668 </th> <th scope="col" style="text-align:right;">0.45% </th> <th scope="col" style="text-align:right;">2,596.00 </th> <th scope="col">1,002.32 </th> <th scope="col" style="text-align:right;">270 </th> <th scope="col" style="text-align:right;">700 </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/List_of_barangays_in_Ilocos_Sur" title="List of barangays in Ilocos Sur">768</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="font-style:italic;"><span style="font-size:85%;">(see <a href="#External_links">GeoGroup box</a>)</span> </th></tr> <tr class="sortbottom" style="background-color:#F2F2F2;border-top:double grey;line-height:1.3em;"> <td colspan="13"> <div><ol style="list-style-type:upper-alpha"><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_Coordnone"><a href="#ref_Coordnone"><b><sup>^</sup></b></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Coordinates" class="mw-redirect" title="Coordinates">Coordinates</a> mark the <a href="/wiki/Town_center" class="mw-redirect" title="Town center">city/town center</a>, and are sortable by <a href="/wiki/Latitude" title="Latitude">latitude</a>.</li></ol></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Barangays">Barangays</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilocos_Sur&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Barangays"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 32 municipalities and 2 cities of the province comprise a total of 768 <a href="/wiki/Barangay" title="Barangay">barangays</a>, with <i>Puro</i> in <a href="/wiki/Magsingal,_Ilocos_Sur" class="mw-redirect" title="Magsingal, Ilocos Sur">Magsingal</a> as the most populous in 2010, and <i>Montero</i> in <a href="/wiki/Banayoyo,_Ilocos_Sur" class="mw-redirect" title="Banayoyo, Ilocos Sur">Banayoyo</a> as the least.<sup id="cite_ref-NSO10–01_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NSO10–01-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_barangays_in_Ilocos_Sur" title="List of barangays in Ilocos Sur">List of barangays in Ilocos Sur</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilocos_Sur&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:auto;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Population census of Ilocos Sur</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate. Executive Order 135 §6 states that for "census years" (years divisible by 10) the reference date would be May 1st, but for all other years, the reference date is to be the "middle of the year". This means that growth rates, although correct, are not necessarily simple year-on-year comparisons.">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1903 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">189,572</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1918 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">247,458</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.79%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1939 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">271,532</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.44%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1948 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">276,278</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.19%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1960 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">338,058</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.70%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1970 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">385,139</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.31%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1975 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">419,776</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.74%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1980 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">443,591</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.11%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1990 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">519,966</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.60%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1995 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">545,385</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.90%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2000 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">594,206</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.85%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2007 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">633,138</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.88%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2010 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">658,587</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.44%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2015 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">689,668</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.88%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2020 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">706,009</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.46%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: Philippine Statistics Authority<sup id="cite_ref-PSA15–01_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PSA15–01-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NSO10–01_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NSO10–01-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NSO10–01_42-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NSO10–01-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 706,009 people,<sup id="cite_ref-PSA20–01_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PSA20–01-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with a density of 270 inhabitants per square kilometre or 700 inhabitants per square mile. </p><p>The 1960 census lists 338,058 people; 64,446 dwelling units of which 2,974 are lighted with electricity; 3227 provided with radio; 7379 served with pipe water; 25,137 served with artesian and pumped water; and 310 using electricity, kerosene and gas for cooking. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inhabitants">Inhabitants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilocos_Sur&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Inhabitants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ilocano_people" title="Ilocano people">Ilocano people</a></div> <p>Ilocos Sur is inhabited mostly by <a href="/wiki/Ilocano_people" title="Ilocano people">Ilocanos</a> belonging to the third largest ethnic group of <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Austronesian people">Austronesian</a> origin. A Spanish chronicler<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (April 2016)">who?</span></a></i>]</sup> wrote that “the people are very simple, domestic and peaceful, large of body and very strong. “They are highly civilized. They are a most clean race, especially the women in their homes which they keep very neat and clean.”<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Miguel de Loarca records around 1582 that the Ilocanos are intelligent as the Zambaleños for they are farmers. The main occupation of the people is agriculture.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Father Juan de Medina noted in 1630 that the natives are ‘the humblest and most tractable known and lived in nest and large settlements'.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language">Language</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilocos_Sur&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ilocano_language" title="Ilocano language">Ilocano language</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Ilocano_language" title="Ilocano language">Ilocano</a> is the main language of the native majority in the province, with neighboring La Union recognized it as an official language since 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It became widespread in neighboring regions of <a href="/wiki/Cagayan_Valley" title="Cagayan Valley">Cagayan Valley (Region II)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cordillera_Administrative_Region" title="Cordillera Administrative Region">Cordillera Administrative Region</a> and major parts of <a href="/wiki/Central_Luzon" title="Central Luzon">Central Luzon (Region III)</a>—where Ilocanos settled—as a lingua franca among respective Ilocano and non-Ilocano residents. Ilocano is also recognized as a minority language in <a href="/wiki/Mindoro" title="Mindoro">Mindoro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palawan" title="Palawan">Palawan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao">Mindanao</a> (particularly in some areas in <a href="/wiki/Soccsksargen" title="Soccsksargen">Soccsksargen</a>), where Ilocanos had have been significant residents since the early 20th century. It is a third most widely spoken language in the Philippines, estimating 11 million speakers as of 2022. The language has many speakers overseas, including the American states of <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Tagalog_language" title="Tagalog language">Filipino/Tagalog</a> and English are also spoken and understood in the region, utilized in business, education and media. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilocos_Sur&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The province is predominantly <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism in the Philippines">Roman Catholic</a> with 75% of population adherence. <a href="/wiki/Aglipayan_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Aglipayan Church">Aglipayan Church</a> is also a considerable a minority with a 5% adherence.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Other religious beliefs are represented by other <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_Philippines" title="Christianity in the Philippines">Christian</a> Churches such as <a href="/wiki/Baptist" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptist">Baptist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iglesia_ni_Cristo" title="Iglesia ni Cristo">Iglesia ni Cristo</a> wherein the largest minority has 80 plus lokal or kapilyas and barangay chapels built in the province with 8% adherence as of the mid year 2024 the church has 2 subdivided districts(Candon City and Ilocos Sur In Northern portion) in the province , <a href="/wiki/Methodist" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodist">Methodist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist" class="mw-redirect" title="Seventh-day Adventist">Seventh-day Adventist</a>, and other <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Christian" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelical Christian">Evangelical Christians</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a>. </p> <div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilocos_Sur&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-left"><div><p style="margin-left: 20px;"><b>Poverty incidence of Ilocos Sur</b></p> <table style="font-size:85%;"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="padding-top:10px;margin-top:1em;max-width:420px;" class="chart noresize"> <div style="position:relative;min-height:300px;min-width:420px;max-width:420px;"> <div style="float:right;position:relative;min-height:220px;min-width:320px;max-width:320px;border-left:1px black solid;border-bottom:1px black solid;"> <div style="position:absolute;left:7.5px;top:67px;height:152px;min-width:36px;max-width:36px;background-color:#D4AF37;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid #D4AF37;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="Ilocos Sur: 20.81"></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:60.5px;top:88px;height:131px;min-width:36px;max-width:36px;background-color:#D4AF37;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid #D4AF37;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="Ilocos Sur: 18.06"></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:113.5px;top:93px;height:126px;min-width:36px;max-width:36px;background-color:#D4AF37;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid #D4AF37;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="Ilocos Sur: 17.29"></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:166.5px;top:118px;height:101px;min-width:36px;max-width:36px;background-color:#D4AF37;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid #D4AF37;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="Ilocos Sur: 13.89"></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:219.5px;top:165px;height:54px;min-width:36px;max-width:36px;background-color:#D4AF37;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid #D4AF37;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="Ilocos Sur: 7.5"></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:272.5px;top:136px;height:83px;min-width:36px;max-width:36px;background-color:#D4AF37;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid #D4AF37;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="Ilocos Sur: 11.5"></div> </div> <div style="position:absolute;height:220px;min-width:100px;max-width:100px;"> <div style="position:absolute;height=20px;text-align:right;vertical-align:middle;width:90px;top:173px;padding:0 2px">5</div> <div style="position:absolute;height=1px;min-width:5px;top:183px;left:96px;border:1px solid black;"></div> <div style="position:absolute;height=20px;text-align:right;vertical-align:middle;width:90px;top:137px;padding:0 2px">10</div> <div style="position:absolute;height=1px;min-width:5px;top:147px;left:96px;border:1px solid black;"></div> <div style="position:absolute;height=20px;text-align:right;vertical-align:middle;width:90px;top:100px;padding:0 2px">15</div> <div style="position:absolute;height=1px;min-width:5px;top:110px;left:96px;border:1px solid black;"></div> <div style="position:absolute;height=20px;text-align:right;vertical-align:middle;width:90px;top:63px;padding:0 2px">20</div> <div style="position:absolute;height=1px;min-width:5px;top:73px;left:96px;border:1px solid black;"></div> <div style="position:absolute;height=20px;text-align:right;vertical-align:middle;width:90px;top:27px;padding:0 2px">25</div> <div style="position:absolute;height=1px;min-width:5px;top:37px;left:96px;border:1px solid black;"></div> <div style="position:absolute;height=20px;text-align:right;vertical-align:middle;width:90px;top:-10px;padding:0 2px">30</div> <div style="position:absolute;height=1px;min-width:5px;top:0px;left:96px;border:1px solid black;"></div> </div> <div style="position:absolute;top:220px;left:100px;width:320px;"> <div style="position:absolute;left:1px;top:10px;min-width:51px;max-width:51px;text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">2006 <br /> 20.81</div> <div style="position:absolute;left:26.5px;height:10px;width:1px;border-left:1px solid black;"></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:54px;top:10px;min-width:51px;max-width:51px;text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">2009 <br /> 18.06</div> <div style="position:absolute;left:79.5px;height:10px;width:1px;border-left:1px solid black;"></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:107px;top:10px;min-width:51px;max-width:51px;text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">2012 <br /> 17.29</div> <div style="position:absolute;left:132.5px;height:10px;width:1px;border-left:1px solid black;"></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:160px;top:10px;min-width:51px;max-width:51px;text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">2015 <br /> 13.89</div> <div style="position:absolute;left:185.5px;height:10px;width:1px;border-left:1px solid black;"></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:213px;top:10px;min-width:51px;max-width:51px;text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">2018 <br /> 7.50</div> <div style="position:absolute;left:238.5px;height:10px;width:1px;border-left:1px solid black;"></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:266px;top:10px;min-width:51px;max-width:51px;text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">2021 <br /> 11.50</div> <div style="position:absolute;left:291.5px;height:10px;width:1px;border-left:1px solid black;"></div> </div> </div> </div> <p style="margin-left: 20px;"> <b>Source:</b> <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Statistics_Authority" title="Philippine Statistics Authority">Philippine Statistics Authority</a><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sinait_Public_Market.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Sinait_Public_Market.jpg/220px-Sinait_Public_Market.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Sinait_Public_Market.jpg/330px-Sinait_Public_Market.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Sinait_Public_Market.jpg/440px-Sinait_Public_Market.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Sinait Public Market</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Missing_information plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/44px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png" decoding="async" width="44" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/66px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/88px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="44" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>is missing information</b> about economic indicators (e.g. per capita income, unemployment, etc).<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please expand the section to include this information. Further details may exist on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Ilocos_Sur" title="Talk:Ilocos Sur">talk page</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2021</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Products_and_industries">Products and industries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilocos_Sur&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Products and industries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The people are engaged in farming, producing food crops, mostly rice, corn, vegetable, root crops, and fruits. Non-food crops include tobacco, cotton, and tigergrass. Cottage industries include loom weaving, furniture making, jewelry making, ceramics, blacksmithing, and food processing. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agriculture">Agriculture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilocos_Sur&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Agriculture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:San_Esteban_Ilocos_Sur.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/San_Esteban_Ilocos_Sur.jpg/220px-San_Esteban_Ilocos_Sur.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/San_Esteban_Ilocos_Sur.jpg/330px-San_Esteban_Ilocos_Sur.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/San_Esteban_Ilocos_Sur.jpg/440px-San_Esteban_Ilocos_Sur.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1552" data-file-height="1552" /></a><figcaption>Rice grains being dried on a road in <a href="/wiki/San_Esteban,_Ilocos_Sur" title="San Esteban, Ilocos Sur">San Esteban</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Ilocos Sur's economy is agrarian, but its 2,647 square kilometres (1,022 sq mi) of unfertile land is not enough to support a population of 338,579. <sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Agricultural crops such as rice, corn tobacco and fruit trees dominate their farm industries. Secondary crops are camote and cassava, sugar cane and onions. </p><p>The rapidly growing population, the decreasing fertility of the soil, and the long period between the planting and harvesting season, have forced the people to turn to manufacture and trade. Many Ilocanos go to the Cagayán valley, Central Plains and Mindanao to sell Ilocano woven cloth. </p><p>Virginia leaf tobacco is still a premier cash crop, after a windfall brought about by the Tobacco Subsidy Law authored by Congressman <a href="/wiki/Floro_Crisologo" title="Floro Crisologo">Floro Crisologo</a> in 1964,<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and later enhanced by the Republic Act No. 7171 authored by Congressman <a href="/wiki/Luis_%22Chavit%22_Singson" class="mw-redirect" title="Luis "Chavit" Singson">Luis "Chavit" Singson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Weaving is the most extensive handicraft, once bolstered by the installation of the NDC Textile Mills in <a href="/wiki/Narvacan,_Ilocos_Sur" class="mw-redirect" title="Narvacan, Ilocos Sur">Narvacan</a> which supplied the weavers with yarn. </p><p>Other industries are burnay and slipper making in <a href="/wiki/Vigan" title="Vigan">Vigan</a>, furniture, cabinet, and statue making in <a href="/wiki/San_Vicente,_Ilocos_Sur" title="San Vicente, Ilocos Sur">San Vicente</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mortar_and_pestle" title="Mortar and pestle">mortar and pestle</a> making in San Esteban, and <a href="/wiki/Bolo_(knife)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolo (knife)">bolo</a> making in <a href="/wiki/Santa,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Santa, Ilocos Sur">Santa</a>. </p> <div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilocos_Sur&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Infrastructure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electricity">Electricity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilocos_Sur&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Electricity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>All municipalities in Ilocos Sur are electrified, courtesy of the Ilocos Sur Electric Cooperative (ISECO). </p><p><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ilocos_Sur_electric_utilities.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Ilocos_Sur_electric_utilities.svg/995px-Ilocos_Sur_electric_utilities.svg.png" decoding="async" width="995" height="445" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Ilocos_Sur_electric_utilities.svg/1493px-Ilocos_Sur_electric_utilities.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Ilocos_Sur_electric_utilities.svg/1990px-Ilocos_Sur_electric_utilities.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="995" data-file-height="445" /></a></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilocos_Sur&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ilocos Sur has 547 public schools including five general high schools, one university, one agricultural college and 56 private schools, 16 of which are Catholic.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilocos_Sur&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>Ilocos Sur Museum</i>, founded on August 22, 1970, has a collection of cultural treasures which include art include paintings, centuries-old sculptures, pieces of carved furniture, and relics of Spanish European and Chinese cultures that had influenced Ilocano life for centuries. </p><p>Chapters of Philippine history and religion are found in the Crisólogo collections which includes family heirlooms, centuries –old "santos" (religious statuettes made of wood or ivory)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (April 2016)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup>, other ivory images, Vienna furniture, marble-topped tables, ancient-carved beds, rare Chinese porcelains, jars and jarlettes, lamps, Muslim brass wares, and Spanish and Mexican coins. </p><p>The Syquia collections, including then President <a href="/wiki/Elpidio_Quirino" title="Elpidio Quirino">Elpidio Quirino</a>'s memorabilia, vie in quality with the Crisólogo collections. But in the midst of a fire scare in Vigan in the late 1908s and 1990s, the relics in the Syquia Mansion were transferred to Manila for safekeeping. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="UNESCO_Recognitions_in_Ilocos_Sur">UNESCO Recognitions in Ilocos Sur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilocos_Sur&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: UNESCO Recognitions in Ilocos Sur"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> has inscribed two Ilocos Sur sites in the <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_List" class="mw-redirect" title="World Heritage List">World Heritage List</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Heritage_City_of_Vigan">Heritage City of <a href="/wiki/Vigan" title="Vigan">Vigan</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilocos_Sur&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Heritage City of Vigan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1999, the Heritage City of Vigan was inscribed in the World Heritage List. UNESCO describes the site as: </p><p><i>"Established in the 16th century, Vigan is the best-preserved example of a planned Spanish colonial town in Asia. Its architecture reflects the coming together of cultural elements from elsewhere in the Philippines, from China and from Europe, resulting in a culture and townscape that have no parallel anywhere in East and South-East Asia."</i><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Santa_Maria_Church"><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Maria Church">Santa Maria Church</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilocos_Sur&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Santa Maria Church"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1993, the <a href="/wiki/Baroque_Churches_of_the_Philippines" title="Baroque Churches of the Philippines">Baroque Churches of the Philippines</a>, containing 4 properties, was inscribed in the World Heritage List. One of the properties was the Santa Maria Church of Ilocos Sur. UNESCO describes, <i>"[the] unique architectural style [of the churches] is a reinterpretation of European Baroque by Chinese and Philippine craftsmen."</i><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people_from_Ilocos_Sur">Notable people from Ilocos Sur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilocos_Sur&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Notable people from Ilocos Sur"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Burgos" title="José Burgos">José Burgos</a> — priest and one of the martyrs of <a href="/wiki/Gomburza" title="Gomburza">Gomburza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriela_Silang" title="Gabriela Silang">Gabriela Silang</a> — revolutionary leader, best known as the first female leader of a Filipino movement for independence from Spain</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leona_Florentino" title="Leona Florentino">Leona Florentino</a> — feminist, poet, and dramatist, the "mother of Philippine women's literature"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabelo_de_los_Reyes" title="Isabelo de los Reyes">Isabelo de los Reyes</a> — prominent <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Filipino</a> patriot, politician, writer and labor activist, founder of the <i><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Independent_Church" title="Philippine Independent Church">Philippine Independent Church</a></i> (an independent Philippine nationalist church). He is known as the "Father of Philippine Folklore", the "Father of the Philippine Labor Movement",<sup id="cite_ref-bragado_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bragado-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the "Father of Filipino Socialism".<sup id="cite_ref-Saulo_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saulo-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elpidio_Quirino" title="Elpidio Quirino">Elpidio Quirino</a> — 6th <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Philippines">President of the Philippines</a>, 2nd <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_Philippines" title="Vice President of the Philippines">Vice President of the Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Dar" title="William Dar">William Dar</a> — 45th <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Agriculture_(Philippines)" title="Secretary of Agriculture (Philippines)">Secretary of Agriculture</a>, and horticulturist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixto_Brillantes" class="mw-redirect" title="Sixto Brillantes">Sixto Brillantes</a> — 21st chairman of <a href="/wiki/Commission_on_Elections_(Philippines)" title="Commission on Elections (Philippines)">Commission on Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcelino_Cris%C3%B3logo" title="Marcelino Crisólogo">Marcelino Crisólogo</a> - Filipino politician, poet, writer, and playwright.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jose_Ping-ay" title="Jose Ping-ay">Jose Ping-ay</a> - Filipino politician and founder of Ilocos Sur Cooperative Bank</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Sarmiento" title="Abraham Sarmiento">Abraham Sarmiento</a> - 119th <a href="/wiki/Associate_Justice_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_Philippines" title="Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines">Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Purisima" title="Alan Purisima">Alan Purisima</a> - 17th <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Philippine_National_Police" title="Chief of the Philippine National Police">Chief of the Philippine National Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Verzosa" title="Alfredo Verzosa">Alfredo Verzosa</a> - <a href="/wiki/Filipino_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Filipino people">Filipino</a> <a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a> bishop and was venerated as a <a href="/wiki/Servant_of_God" title="Servant of God">Servant of God</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopoldo_Jaucian" title="Leopoldo Jaucian">Leopoldo Jaucian</a> - <a href="/wiki/Filipino_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Filipino people">Filipino</a> <a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a> bishop</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Bucaneg" title="Pedro Bucaneg">Pedro Bucaneg</a> — poet and the "Father of Ilocano literature"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_C._Pichay" title="Leon C. Pichay">Leon C. Pichay</a> - writer and poet, "King of Ilocano Poets" during the 50s.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jose_L._de_Ocampo" title="Jose L. de Ocampo">Jose L. de Ocampo</a> - Filipino architect and artist.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestor_Redondo" title="Nestor Redondo">Nestor Redondo</a> - Filipino comics artist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgilio_Redondo" title="Virgilio Redondo">Virgilio Redondo</a> - Filipino comics artist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Vera_Cruz" title="Philip Vera Cruz">Philip Vera Cruz</a> - <a href="/wiki/Filipino_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Filipino American">Filipino American</a> labor leader, farmworker, and leader in the <a href="/wiki/Asian_American_movement" title="Asian American movement">Asian American movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jose_Maria_Sison" title="Jose Maria Sison">Jose Maria Sison</a> - Founding chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Philippines" title="Communist Party of the Philippines">Communist Party of the Philippines</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Krishnah_Gravidez" title="Krishnah Gravidez">Krishnah Gravidez</a> – <a href="/wiki/Miss_World_Philippines_2024" title="Miss World Philippines 2024">Miss World Philippines 2024</a>, from <a href="/wiki/Santiago,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Santiago, Ilocos Sur">Santiago, Ilocos Sur</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilocos_Sur&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-list-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-list_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 20,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philippine+Studies&rft.atitle=%22Sukim%C3%A1tem%22%3A+Isabelo+de+los+Reyes+Revisited&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=50-75&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Bragado&rft.aufirst=Erlinda&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.philippinestudies.net%2Ffiles%2Fjournals%2F1%2Farticles%2F2724%2Fpublic%2F2724-2722-1-PB.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlocos+Sur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Saulo-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Saulo_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaulo2002" class="citation book cs1">Saulo, Alfredo (2002). <i>Communism in the Philippines : An Introduction</i> (Enlarged ed.). Manila, Philippines: Ateneo de Manila University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9715504035" title="Special:BookSources/9715504035"><bdi>9715504035</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/969406494">969406494</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Communism+in+the+Philippines+%3A+An+Introduction&rft.place=Manila%2C+Philippines&rft.edition=Enlarged&rft.pub=Ateneo+de+Manila+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F969406494&rft.isbn=9715504035&rft.aulast=Saulo&rft.aufirst=Alfredo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlocos+Sur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilocos_Sur&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><b>Map all coordinates using</b> <a class="external text" href="https://tools.wmflabs.org/osm4wiki/cgi-bin/wiki/wiki-osm.pl?project=en&article=Ilocos_Sur">OpenStreetMap</a> <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="show links" data-collapsetext="Hide"> <p><b>Download coordinates as:</b> </p> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://tools.wmflabs.org/kmlexport?article=Ilocos_Sur">KML</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://geoexport.toolforge.org/gpx?coprimary=all&titles=Ilocos_Sur">GPX (all coordinates)</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://geoexport.toolforge.org/gpx?coprimary=primary&titles=Ilocos_Sur">GPX (primary coordinates)</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://geoexport.toolforge.org/gpx?coprimary=secondary&titles=Ilocos_Sur">GPX (secondary coordinates)</a></li></ul> </div> </div></div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ilocos_Sur" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Ilocos Sur">Ilocos Sur</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/24px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/32px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></span></span> Geographic data related to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/1504724">Ilocos Sur</a> at <a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120413163013/http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/default.asp">Philippine Standard Geographic Code</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Places_adjacent_to_Ilocos_Sur" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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href="/wiki/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Adjacent_communities" title="Template talk:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Places_adjacent_to_Ilocos_Sur" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Places adjacent to Ilocos Sur</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;"><tbody><tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ilocos_Norte" title="Ilocos Norte">Ilocos Norte</a></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="North"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%"><i><a href="/wiki/South_China_Sea" title="South China Sea">South China Sea</a></i></td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="West"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span><b style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; margin:0.75em 1em">Ilocos Sur</b><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="East"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div> </td> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Abra_(province)" title="Abra (province)">Abra</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Province" title="Mountain Province">Mountain Province</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="South"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/La_Union" title="La Union">La Union</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Benguet" title="Benguet">Benguet</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Province_of_Ilocos_Sur" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ilocos_Sur" title="Template:Ilocos Sur"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ilocos_Sur" title="Template talk:Ilocos Sur"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ilocos_Sur" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ilocos Sur"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Province_of_Ilocos_Sur" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/PH-ILS_Flag.png/23px-PH-ILS_Flag.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/PH-ILS_Flag.png/35px-PH-ILS_Flag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/PH-ILS_Flag.png/46px-PH-ILS_Flag.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> Province of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ilocos Sur</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Vigan" title="Vigan">Vigan</a></b> (capital) <br /> <b><a href="/wiki/Candon" title="Candon">Candon</a></b> (largest city)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Ilocos_Sur" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of Ilocos Sur">Municipalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alilem" title="Alilem">Alilem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banayoyo" title="Banayoyo">Banayoyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bantay" title="Bantay">Bantay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgos,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Burgos, Ilocos Sur">Burgos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabugao" title="Cabugao">Cabugao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caoayan" title="Caoayan">Caoayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cervantes,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Cervantes, Ilocos Sur">Cervantes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galimuyod" title="Galimuyod">Galimuyod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregorio_del_Pilar,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Gregorio del Pilar, Ilocos Sur">Gregorio del Pilar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lidlidda" title="Lidlidda">Lidlidda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magsingal" title="Magsingal">Magsingal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagbukel" title="Nagbukel">Nagbukel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narvacan" title="Narvacan">Narvacan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quirino,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Quirino, Ilocos Sur">Quirino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salcedo,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Salcedo, Ilocos Sur">Salcedo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Emilio" title="San Emilio">San Emilio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Esteban,_Ilocos_Sur" title="San Esteban, Ilocos Sur">San Esteban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Ildefonso,_Ilocos_Sur" title="San Ildefonso, Ilocos Sur">San Ildefonso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Juan,_Ilocos_Sur" title="San Juan, Ilocos Sur">San Juan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Vicente,_Ilocos_Sur" title="San Vicente, Ilocos Sur">San Vicente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Santa, Ilocos Sur">Santa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Catalina,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Santa Catalina, Ilocos Sur">Santa Catalina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Santa Cruz, Ilocos Sur">Santa Cruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Lucia,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Santa Lucia, Ilocos Sur">Santa Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Santa Maria, Ilocos Sur">Santa Maria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santiago,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Santiago, Ilocos Sur">Santiago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santo_Domingo,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Santo Domingo, Ilocos Sur">Santo Domingo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigay" title="Sigay">Sigay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinait" title="Sinait">Sinait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugpon" title="Sugpon">Sugpon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suyo,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Suyo, Ilocos Sur">Suyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagudin" title="Tagudin">Tagudin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Ilocos_Sur" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of Ilocos Sur">Component cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Candon" title="Candon">Candon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vigan" title="Vigan">Vigan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_barangays_in_Ilocos_Sur" title="List of barangays in Ilocos Sur">Barangays</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>See: <a href="/wiki/List_of_barangays_in_Ilocos_Sur" title="List of barangays in Ilocos Sur">List of barangays in Ilocos Sur</a></i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Articles_related_to_Ilocos_Sur" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Articles_related_to_Ilocos_Sur" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Articles related to Ilocos Sur</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ilocos_Region_(Region_I)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ilocos_Region" title="Template:Ilocos Region"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ilocos_Region" title="Template talk:Ilocos Region"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ilocos_Region" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ilocos Region"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ilocos_Region_(Region_I)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ilocos_Region" title="Ilocos Region">Ilocos Region (Region I)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_the_Philippines" title="Regions of the Philippines">Regional center</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/San_Fernando,_La_Union" title="San Fernando, La Union">San Fernando</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ph_ilocos.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Ph_ilocos.png/150px-Ph_ilocos.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Ph_ilocos.png/225px-Ph_ilocos.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/Ph_ilocos.png 2x" data-file-width="295" data-file-height="647" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_the_Philippines" title="Provinces of the Philippines">Provinces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ilocos_Norte" title="Ilocos Norte">Ilocos Norte</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ilocos Sur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Union" title="La Union">La Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pangasinan" title="Pangasinan">Pangasinan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cities_of_the_Philippines#Independent_cities" title="Cities of the Philippines">Independent component city</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dagupan" title="Dagupan">Dagupan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cities_of_the_Philippines#Classifiction" title="Cities of the Philippines">Component cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alaminos,_Pangasinan" title="Alaminos, Pangasinan">Alaminos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batac" title="Batac">Batac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candon" title="Candon">Candon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laoag" title="Laoag">Laoag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Carlos,_Pangasinan" title="San Carlos, Pangasinan">San Carlos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Fernando,_La_Union" title="San Fernando, La Union">San Fernando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urdaneta,_Pangasinan" title="Urdaneta, Pangasinan">Urdaneta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vigan" title="Vigan">Vigan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Template:Philippines_Provincial_Capitals" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Philippines Provincial Capitals">Provincial capitals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laoag" title="Laoag">Laoag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingayen" title="Lingayen">Lingayen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Fernando,_La_Union" title="San Fernando, La Union">San Fernando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vigan" title="Vigan">Vigan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_Philippines" title="Municipalities of the Philippines">Municipalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adams,_Ilocos_Norte" title="Adams, Ilocos Norte">Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agno,_Pangasinan" title="Agno, Pangasinan">Agno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agoo" title="Agoo">Agoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aguilar,_Pangasinan" title="Aguilar, Pangasinan">Aguilar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcala,_Pangasinan" title="Alcala, Pangasinan">Alcala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alilem" title="Alilem">Alilem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anda,_Pangasinan" title="Anda, Pangasinan">Anda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aringay" title="Aringay">Aringay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asingan" title="Asingan">Asingan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bacarra" title="Bacarra">Bacarra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bacnotan" title="Bacnotan">Bacnotan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badoc" title="Badoc">Badoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagulin" title="Bagulin">Bagulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balaoan" title="Balaoan">Balaoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balungao" title="Balungao">Balungao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banayoyo" title="Banayoyo">Banayoyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangar,_La_Union" title="Bangar, La Union">Bangar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangui,_Ilocos_Norte" title="Bangui, Ilocos Norte">Bangui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bani,_Pangasinan" title="Bani, Pangasinan">Bani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banna,_Ilocos_Norte" title="Banna, Ilocos Norte">Banna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bantay" title="Bantay">Bantay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basista" title="Basista">Basista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bauang" title="Bauang">Bauang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bautista,_Pangasinan" title="Bautista, Pangasinan">Bautista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayambang" title="Bayambang">Bayambang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binalonan" title="Binalonan">Binalonan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binmaley" title="Binmaley">Binmaley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolinao,_Pangasinan" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolinao, Pangasinan">Bolinao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bugallon" title="Bugallon">Bugallon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgos,_Ilocos_Norte" title="Burgos, Ilocos Norte">Burgos (Ilocos Norte)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgos,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Burgos, Ilocos Sur">Burgos (Ilocos Sur)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgos,_La_Union" title="Burgos, La Union">Burgos (La Union)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgos,_Pangasinan" title="Burgos, Pangasinan">Burgos (Pangasinan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caba,_La_Union" title="Caba, La Union">Caba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabugao" title="Cabugao">Cabugao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calasiao" title="Calasiao">Calasiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caoayan" title="Caoayan">Caoayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carasi" title="Carasi">Carasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cervantes,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Cervantes, Ilocos Sur">Cervantes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Currimao" title="Currimao">Currimao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dasol" title="Dasol">Dasol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingras" title="Dingras">Dingras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumalneg" title="Dumalneg">Dumalneg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galimuyod" title="Galimuyod">Galimuyod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregorio_del_Pilar,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Gregorio del Pilar, Ilocos Sur">Gregorio del Pilar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infanta,_Pangasinan" title="Infanta, Pangasinan">Infanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labrador,_Pangasinan" title="Labrador, Pangasinan">Labrador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laoac" title="Laoac">Laoac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lidlidda" title="Lidlidda">Lidlidda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingayen" title="Lingayen">Lingayen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna,_La_Union" title="Luna, La Union">Luna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mabini,_Pangasinan" title="Mabini, Pangasinan">Mabini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magsingal" title="Magsingal">Magsingal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malasiqui" title="Malasiqui">Malasiqui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manaoag" title="Manaoag">Manaoag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangaldan" title="Mangaldan">Mangaldan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangatarem" title="Mangatarem">Mangatarem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapandan" title="Mapandan">Mapandan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcos,_Ilocos_Norte" title="Marcos, Ilocos Norte">Marcos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagbukel" title="Nagbukel">Nagbukel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naguilian,_La_Union" title="Naguilian, La Union">Naguilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narvacan" title="Narvacan">Narvacan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natividad,_Pangasinan" title="Natividad, Pangasinan">Natividad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nueva_Era,_Ilocos_Norte" title="Nueva Era, Ilocos Norte">Nueva Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pagudpud" title="Pagudpud">Pagudpud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paoay" title="Paoay">Paoay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasuquin" title="Pasuquin">Pasuquin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piddig" title="Piddig">Piddig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinili" title="Pinili">Pinili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pozorrubio,_Pangasinan" class="mw-redirect" title="Pozorrubio, Pangasinan">Pozorrubio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pugo,_La_Union" title="Pugo, La Union">Pugo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quirino,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Quirino, Ilocos Sur">Quirino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosales,_Pangasinan" title="Rosales, Pangasinan">Rosales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosario,_La_Union" title="Rosario, La Union">Rosario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salcedo,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Salcedo, Ilocos Sur">Salcedo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Emilio,_Ilocos_Sur" class="mw-redirect" title="San Emilio, Ilocos Sur">San Emilio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Esteban,_Ilocos_Sur" title="San Esteban, Ilocos Sur">San Esteban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Fabian,_Pangasinan" title="San Fabian, Pangasinan">San Fabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Gabriel,_La_Union" title="San Gabriel, La Union">San Gabriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Ildefonso,_Ilocos_Sur" title="San Ildefonso, Ilocos Sur">San Ildefonso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Jacinto,_Pangasinan" title="San Jacinto, Pangasinan">San Jacinto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Juan,_Ilocos_Sur" title="San Juan, Ilocos Sur">San Juan (Ilocos Sur)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Juan,_La_Union" title="San Juan, La Union">San Juan (La Union)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Manuel,_Pangasinan" title="San Manuel, Pangasinan">San Manuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Nicolas,_Ilocos_Norte" title="San Nicolas, Ilocos Norte">San Nicolas (Ilocos Norte)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Nicolas,_Pangasinan" title="San Nicolas, Pangasinan">San Nicolas (Pangasinan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Quintin,_Pangasinan" title="San Quintin, Pangasinan">San Quintin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Vicente,_Ilocos_Sur" title="San Vicente, Ilocos Sur">San Vicente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Santa, Ilocos Sur">Santa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Barbara,_Pangasinan" title="Santa Barbara, Pangasinan">Santa Barbara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Catalina,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Santa Catalina, Ilocos Sur">Santa Catalina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Santa Cruz, Ilocos Sur">Santa Cruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Lucia,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Santa Lucia, Ilocos Sur">Santa Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Santa Maria, Ilocos Sur">Santa Maria (Ilocos Sur)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria,_Pangasinan" title="Santa Maria, Pangasinan">Santa Maria (Pangasinan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santiago,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Santiago, Ilocos Sur">Santiago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santo_Domingo,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Santo Domingo, Ilocos Sur">Santo Domingo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santo_Tomas,_La_Union" title="Santo Tomas, La Union">Santo Tomas (La Union)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santo_Tomas,_Pangasinan" title="Santo Tomas, Pangasinan">Santo Tomas (Pangasinan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santol,_La_Union" title="Santol, La Union">Santol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarrat" title="Sarrat">Sarrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigay" title="Sigay">Sigay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinait" title="Sinait">Sinait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sison,_Pangasinan" title="Sison, Pangasinan">Sison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solsona,_Ilocos_Norte" title="Solsona, Ilocos Norte">Solsona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sual,_Pangasinan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sual, Pangasinan">Sual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudipen" title="Sudipen">Sudipen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugpon" title="Sugpon">Sugpon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suyo,_Ilocos_Sur" title="Suyo, Ilocos Sur">Suyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagudin" title="Tagudin">Tagudin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tayug" title="Tayug">Tayug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tubao" title="Tubao">Tubao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umingan" title="Umingan">Umingan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urbiztondo,_Pangasinan" class="mw-redirect" title="Urbiztondo, Pangasinan">Urbiztondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villasis" title="Villasis">Villasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vintar" title="Vintar">Vintar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Luzon" title="Luzon">Luzon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of the Philippines">Republic of the Philippines</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Provinces_of_the_Philippines" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Provinces_of_the_Philippines" title="Template:Provinces of the Philippines"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Provinces_of_the_Philippines" title="Template talk:Provinces of the Philippines"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Provinces_of_the_Philippines" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Provinces of the Philippines"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Provinces_of_the_Philippines" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_the_Philippines" title="Provinces of the Philippines">Provinces</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abra_(province)" title="Abra (province)">Abra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agusan_del_Norte" title="Agusan del Norte">Agusan del Norte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agusan_del_Sur" title="Agusan del Sur">Agusan del Sur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aklan" title="Aklan">Aklan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albay" title="Albay">Albay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antique_(province)" title="Antique (province)">Antique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apayao" title="Apayao">Apayao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurora_(province)" title="Aurora (province)">Aurora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilan" title="Basilan">Basilan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bataan" title="Bataan">Bataan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batanes" title="Batanes">Batanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batangas" title="Batangas">Batangas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benguet" title="Benguet">Benguet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biliran" title="Biliran">Biliran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohol" title="Bohol">Bohol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukidnon" title="Bukidnon">Bukidnon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulacan" title="Bulacan">Bulacan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cagayan" title="Cagayan">Cagayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camarines_Norte" title="Camarines Norte">Camarines Norte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camarines_Sur" title="Camarines Sur">Camarines Sur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camiguin" title="Camiguin">Camiguin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capiz" title="Capiz">Capiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catanduanes" title="Catanduanes">Catanduanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavite" title="Cavite">Cavite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cebu" title="Cebu">Cebu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotabato" title="Cotabato">Cotabato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davao_de_Oro" title="Davao de Oro">Davao de Oro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davao_del_Norte" title="Davao del Norte">Davao del Norte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davao_del_Sur" title="Davao del Sur">Davao del Sur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davao_Occidental" title="Davao Occidental">Davao Occidental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davao_Oriental" title="Davao Oriental">Davao Oriental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinagat_Islands" title="Dinagat Islands">Dinagat Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Samar" title="Eastern Samar">Eastern Samar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guimaras" title="Guimaras">Guimaras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ifugao" title="Ifugao">Ifugao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilocos_Norte" title="Ilocos Norte">Ilocos Norte</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ilocos Sur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iloilo" title="Iloilo">Iloilo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabela_(province)" title="Isabela (province)">Isabela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalinga_(province)" title="Kalinga (province)">Kalinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Union" title="La Union">La Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laguna_(province)" title="Laguna (province)">Laguna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanao_del_Norte" title="Lanao del Norte">Lanao del Norte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanao_del_Sur" title="Lanao del Sur">Lanao del Sur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leyte_(province)" title="Leyte (province)">Leyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maguindanao_del_Norte" title="Maguindanao del Norte">Maguindanao del Norte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maguindanao_del_Sur" title="Maguindanao del Sur">Maguindanao del Sur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marinduque" title="Marinduque">Marinduque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masbate" title="Masbate">Masbate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misamis_Occidental" title="Misamis Occidental">Misamis Occidental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misamis_Oriental" title="Misamis Oriental">Misamis Oriental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Province" title="Mountain Province">Mountain Province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negros_Occidental" title="Negros Occidental">Negros Occidental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negros_Oriental" title="Negros Oriental">Negros Oriental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Samar" title="Northern Samar">Northern Samar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nueva_Ecija" title="Nueva Ecija">Nueva Ecija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nueva_Vizcaya" title="Nueva Vizcaya">Nueva Vizcaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occidental_Mindoro" title="Occidental Mindoro">Occidental Mindoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Mindoro" title="Oriental Mindoro">Oriental Mindoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palawan" title="Palawan">Palawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pampanga" title="Pampanga">Pampanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pangasinan" title="Pangasinan">Pangasinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quezon" title="Quezon">Quezon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quirino" title="Quirino">Quirino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rizal_(province)" title="Rizal (province)">Rizal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romblon" title="Romblon">Romblon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samar_(province)" title="Samar (province)">Samar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarangani" title="Sarangani">Sarangani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siquijor" title="Siquijor">Siquijor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorsogon" title="Sorsogon">Sorsogon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Cotabato" title="South Cotabato">South Cotabato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Leyte" title="Southern Leyte">Southern Leyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Kudarat" title="Sultan Kudarat">Sultan Kudarat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulu" title="Sulu">Sulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surigao_del_Norte" title="Surigao del Norte">Surigao del Norte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surigao_del_Sur" title="Surigao del Sur">Surigao del Sur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarlac" title="Tarlac">Tarlac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawi-Tawi" title="Tawi-Tawi">Tawi-Tawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambales" title="Zambales">Zambales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamboanga_del_Norte" title="Zamboanga del Norte">Zamboanga del Norte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamboanga_del_Sur" title="Zamboanga del Sur">Zamboanga del Sur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamboanga_Sibugay" title="Zamboanga Sibugay">Zamboanga Sibugay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Philippines_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Philippines_topics" title="Template:Philippines topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Philippines_topics" title="Template talk:Philippines topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Philippines_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Philippines topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Philippines_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines" title="History of the Philippines">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Overviews</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_of_the_Philippines" title="Archaeology of the Philippines">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_the_Philippines" title="Economic history of the Philippines">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Philippines" title="Military history of the Philippines">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_history_of_the_Philippines" title="Political history of the Philippines">Political</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Philippine_history" title="Timeline of Philippine history">Chronology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistory_of_the_Philippines" title="Prehistory of the Philippines">Prehistory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(900%E2%80%931565)" title="History of the Philippines (900–1565)">Pre-colonial era</a></li> <li>Colonial era <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1565%E2%80%931898)" title="History of the Philippines (1565–1898)">Spanish period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1898%E2%80%931946)" title="History of the Philippines (1898–1946)">American period</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Philippines" title="Japanese occupation of the Philippines">Japanese occupation</a></li> <li>Postcolonial era <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1946%E2%80%931965)" title="History of the Philippines (1946–1965)">Third Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1965%E2%80%931986)" title="History of the Philippines (1965–1986)">Marcos presidency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1986%E2%80%93present)" title="History of the Philippines (1986–present)">Fifth Republic</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_Philippines" title="Geography of the Philippines">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bays_of_the_Philippines" title="List of bays of the Philippines">Bays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biosphere_reserves_of_the_Philippines" title="Biosphere reserves of the Philippines">Biosphere reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borders_of_the_Philippines" title="Borders of the Philippines">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_the_Philippines" title="Climate of the Philippines">Climate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_the_Philippines" title="Climate change in the Philippines">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typhoons_in_the_Philippines" title="Typhoons in the Philippines">Typhoons</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_the_Philippines" title="List of earthquakes in the Philippines">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecoregions_in_the_Philippines" title="Ecoregions in the Philippines">Ecoregions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_points_of_the_Philippines" title="Extreme points of the Philippines">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Island_groups_of_the_Philippines" title="Island groups of the Philippines">Island groups</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_the_Philippines" title="List of islands of the Philippines">islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_the_Philippines" title="List of lakes of the Philippines">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_the_Philippines" title="List of mountains in the Philippines">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_protected_areas_of_the_Philippines" title="List of protected areas of the Philippines">Protected areas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_the_Philippines" title="List of national parks of the Philippines">National parks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ramsar_sites_in_the_Philippines" title="List of Ramsar sites in the Philippines">Ramsar sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_the_Philippines" title="List of rivers of the Philippines">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_active_volcanoes_in_the_Philippines" title="List of active volcanoes in the Philippines">Volcanoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_the_Philippines" title="Wildlife of the Philippines">Wildlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_Philippines" title="List of World Heritage Sites in the Philippines">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Philippines" title="Politics of the Philippines">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_the_Philippines" title="Administrative divisions of the Philippines">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Philippines" title="Constitution of the Philippines">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_Philippines" title="Elections in the Philippines">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Philippines" title="Foreign relations of the Philippines">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_Philippines" title="Human rights in the Philippines">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the Philippines">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_legal_codes" title="Philippine legal codes">Legal codes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_families_in_the_Philippines" title="List of political families in the Philippines">Political families</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_Philippines" title="List of political parties in the Philippines">Political parties</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Government" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Philippines" title="Government of the Philippines">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Executive <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_Philippines" title="Cabinet of the Philippines">Cabinet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cabinets_of_the_Philippines" title="List of cabinets of the Philippines">lists</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_departments_of_the_Philippines" title="Executive departments of the Philippines">Executive departments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_President_of_the_Philippines" title="Office of the President of the Philippines">Executive office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_National_Police" title="Philippine National Police">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Philippines">President</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Philippines" title="Congress of the Philippines">Legislative</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Philippines" title="Senate of the Philippines">Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_of_the_Philippines" title="House of Representatives of the Philippines">House of Representatives</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_the_Philippines" title="Judiciary of the Philippines">Judicial</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_Philippines" title="Supreme Court of the Philippines">Supreme Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Appeals_of_the_Philippines" title="Court of Appeals of the Philippines">Court of Appeals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Trial_Court" title="Regional Trial Court">Regional Trial Court</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Philippines" title="Armed Forces of the Philippines">Armed Forces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Air_Force" title="Philippine Air Force">Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Army" title="Philippine Army">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Navy" title="Philippine Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Marine_Corps" title="Philippine Marine Corps">Marine Corps</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Coast_Guard" title="Philippine Coast Guard">Coast Guard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Philippines" title="Economy of the Philippines">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_the_Philippines" title="Agriculture in the Philippines">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_the_Philippines" title="Automotive industry in the Philippines">Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_process_outsourcing_in_the_Philippines" title="Business process outsourcing in the Philippines">Business process outsourcing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Census_in_the_Philippines" title="Census in the Philippines">Census</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangko_Sentral_ng_Pilipinas" title="Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas">Central bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_labor_in_the_Philippines" title="Child labor in the Philippines">Child labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_the_Philippines" title="Energy in the Philippines">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiscal_policy_of_the_Philippines" title="Fiscal policy of the Philippines">Fiscal policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_debt_of_the_Philippines" title="National debt of the Philippines">National debt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_policy_in_the_Philippines" title="Labor policy in the Philippines">Labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_peso" title="Philippine peso">Peso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_the_Philippines" title="Science and technology in the Philippines">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Stock_Exchange" title="Philippine Stock Exchange">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_the_Philippines" title="Taxation in the Philippines">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Philippines" title="Telecommunications in the Philippines">Telecommunications</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_the_Philippines" title="Telephone numbers in the Philippines">Telephone numbers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_Philippines" title="Tourism in the Philippines">Tourism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tourist_attractions_in_the_Philippines" title="List of tourist attractions in the Philippines">Tourist attractions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_the_Philippines" title="Transportation in the Philippines">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_the_Philippines" title="Water supply and sanitation in the Philippines">Water and sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZIP_codes_in_the_Philippines" title="ZIP codes in the Philippines">ZIP codes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_the_Philippines" title="Category:Society of the Philippines">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_the_Philippines" title="Abortion in the Philippines">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_the_Philippines" title="Censorship in the Philippines">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_the_Philippines" title="Corruption in the Philippines">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_the_Philippines" title="Crime in the Philippines">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Philippines" title="Demographics of the Philippines">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divorce_in_the_Philippines" title="Divorce in the Philippines">Divorce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_Philippines" title="Education in the Philippines">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_the_Philippines" title="Higher education in the Philippines">Higher education</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_the_Philippines" title="Environmental issues in the Philippines">Environmental issues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_the_Philippines" title="Climate change in the Philippines">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deforestation_in_the_Philippines" title="Deforestation in the Philippines">Deforestation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_the_Philippines" title="Ethnic groups in the Philippines">Ethnic groups</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Philippines" title="Indigenous peoples of the Philippines">Indigenous peoples</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_studies_on_Filipinos" title="Genetic studies on Filipinos">Genetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_the_Philippines" title="Health in the Philippines">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_the_Philippines" title="Human trafficking in the Philippines">Human trafficking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sex_trafficking_in_the_Philippines" title="Sex trafficking in the Philippines">Sex trafficking</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_the_Philippines" title="Immigration to the Philippines">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income_inequality_in_the_Philippines" title="Income inequality in the Philippines">Income inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_kinship" title="Philippine kinship">Kinship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Philippines" title="Languages of the Philippines">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_Filipino_Worker" title="Overseas Filipino Worker">Overseas workers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_the_Philippines" title="Poverty in the Philippines">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_the_Philippines" title="Prostitution in the Philippines">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugees_of_the_Philippines" title="Refugees of the Philippines">Refugees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Philippines" title="Religion in the Philippines">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_the_Philippines" title="Sexuality in the Philippines">Sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_the_Philippines" title="Squatting in the Philippines">Squatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_Philippines" title="Women in the Philippines">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinoy" title="Pinoy">Pinoy</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Philippines" title="Culture of the Philippines">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Philippines" title="Architecture of the Philippines">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arts_in_the_Philippines" title="Arts in the Philippines">Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Philippines" title="Cinema of the Philippines">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_cuisine" title="Filipino cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Cultural_Properties_of_the_Philippines" title="Lists of Cultural Properties of the 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