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id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul 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Available in 33 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-33" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">33 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7" title="ميلوديكا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ميلوديكا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mel%C3%B2dica" title="Melòdica – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Melòdica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melodika" title="Melodika – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Melodika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melodica" title="Melodica – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Melodica" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mel%C3%B3dica" title="Melódica – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Melódica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blovklavaro" title="Blovklavaro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Blovklavaro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melodiko" title="Melodiko – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Melodiko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="ملودیکا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ملودیکا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9lodica" title="Mélodica – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mélodica" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melodica" title="Melodica – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Melodica" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A9%9C%EB%A1%9C%EB%94%94%EC%B9%B4" title="멜로디카 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="멜로디카" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melodika" title="Melodika – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Melodika" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melodika" title="Melodika – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Melodika" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melodica" title="Melodica – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Melodica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94" title="מלודיקה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מלודיקה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pianika" title="Pianika – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Pianika" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melodika" title="Melodika – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Melodika" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7" title="الميلوديكا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الميلوديكا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melodica" title="Melodica – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Melodica" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8D%B5%E7%9B%A4%E3%83%8F%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A2%E3%83%8B%E3%82%AB" title="鍵盤ハーモニカ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="鍵盤ハーモニカ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melodika" title="Melodika – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Melodika" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melodyka_(instrument)" title="Melodyka (instrument) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Melodyka (instrument)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escaleta" title="Escaleta – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Escaleta" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claviet%C4%83" title="Clavietă – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Clavietă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Мелодика – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мелодика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diam%C3%B2nica" title="Diamònica – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Diamònica" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melodica" title="Melodica – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Melodica" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melodika" title="Melodika – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Melodika" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melodika" title="Melodika – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Melodika" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2" title="เมโลดิกา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เมโลดิกา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melodika" title="Melodika – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Melodika" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Мелодика (інструмент) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мелодика (інструмент)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%A3%E9%A2%A8%E7%90%B4" title="口風琴 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="口風琴" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q512191#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> 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.hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the EP by Blackalicious, see <a href="/wiki/Melodica_(EP)" title="Melodica (EP)">Melodica (EP)</a>. For the Neil Zaza album, see <a href="/wiki/Melodica_(album)" class="mw-redirect" title="Melodica (album)">Melodica (album)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Melodica</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Melodica.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Melodica.jpg/250px-Melodica.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Melodica.jpg/375px-Melodica.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Melodica.jpg/500px-Melodica.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Hohner" title="Hohner">Hohner</a> melodica</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #f0e68c"><a href="/wiki/Keyboard_instrument" title="Keyboard instrument">Keyboard instrument</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Musical_instrument_classification" title="Musical instrument classification">Classification</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left"><span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wind_instrument" title="Wind instrument">Wind</a>; <a href="/wiki/Free_reed_aerophone" title="Free reed aerophone">free reed aerophone</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Hornbostel%E2%80%93Sachs" title="Hornbostel–Sachs">Hornbostel–Sachs classification</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left">412.132<br />(<a href="/wiki/Free_reed_aerophone" title="Free reed aerophone">Free-reed</a> <a href="/wiki/Aerophone" title="Aerophone">aerophone</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Developed</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left">1950s</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #f0e68c"><a href="/wiki/Range_(music)" title="Range (music)">Playing range</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span></span> Usually 2 or 3 <a href="/wiki/Octave" title="Octave">octaves</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #f0e68c"><a href="/wiki/Musical_instrument" title="Musical instrument">Related instruments</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span></span> <a href="/wiki/Accordion" title="Accordion">accordion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harmonica" title="Harmonica">harmonica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pump_organ" title="Pump organ">pump organ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yu_(wind_instrument)" title="Yu (wind instrument)">yu</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>melodica</b> is a handheld <a href="/wiki/Free_reed_aerophone" title="Free reed aerophone">free-reed instrument</a> similar to a <a href="/wiki/Pump_organ" title="Pump organ">pump organ</a> or <a href="/wiki/Harmonica" title="Harmonica">harmonica</a>. It features a <a href="/wiki/Musical_keyboard" title="Musical keyboard">musical keyboard</a> on top, and is played by blowing air through a mouthpiece that fits into a hole in the side of the instrument. The keyboard usually covers two or three <a href="/wiki/Octave" title="Octave">octaves</a>. Melodicas are small, lightweight, and portable, and many are designed for children to play. They are popular in music education programs, especially in Asia. The modern form of the instrument was invented by <a href="/wiki/Hohner" title="Hohner">Hohner</a> in the late 1950s,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though similar instruments have been known in Italy since the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melodica&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The mouthpiece can be a short rigid or semi-flexible plastic piece or a long flexible plastic tube (designed to allow the player to either hold the keyboard so the keys can be seen or lay the keyboard horizontally on a flat surface for two-handed playing). A foot pump can also be used as an alternative to breathing into the instrument.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Melodica keyboards typically ascend from a low F note. Keyboards often have 32 or 37 keys, though instruments may have as few as 13 or as many as 45 keys. Larger models include the Hammond Pro 44 or the Ballone Burini Eolina P45, with 44 and 45 keys respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a <a href="/wiki/Free_reed_aerophone" title="Free reed aerophone">free reed instrument</a>, the melodica produces sound by pushing air past individual reeds corresponding to each playable note. When a key is pressed, it opens a valve blocking its corresponding reed, allowing air to pass through it. The sound of each vibrating reed reverberates in the shell of the instrument, which may be made of plastic, timber or metal. Players can control the instrument's volume with air pressure. Unlike most wind instruments, the melodica can play multiple notes simultaneously, limited only by the amount of air available.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An external microphone can be used to amplify the instrument or record its sound.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hammond's Pro-44 melodion and Pro 24-B bass melodion each have built-in dynamic microphones which can be connected to a PA system or recording device via a single <a href="/wiki/Phone_connector_(audio)" title="Phone connector (audio)">TRS 1/4" jack output</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As early as 1968, Hohner sold a "Professional" model of its Melodica with a built-in pickup.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Melodicas range in price from under US$20 for a simple, plastic instrument to several thousand dollars for a rare, custom-made or antique model. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use">Use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melodica&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Melodica_in_music" title="Melodica in music">Melodica in music</a></div> <p>The melodica was first used as a serious musical instrument in the 1960s by composers such as <a href="/wiki/Steve_Reich" title="Steve Reich">Steve Reich</a>, in his piece titled <i>Melodica</i> (1966).<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Brazilian multi-instrumentalist <a href="/wiki/Hermeto_Pascoal" title="Hermeto Pascoal">Hermeto Pascoal</a> developed a technique consisting of singing while playing the melodica, resulting in a wide tonal and harmonic palette.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jamaican <a href="/wiki/Dub_music" title="Dub music">dub</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reggae" title="Reggae">reggae</a> musician <a href="/wiki/Augustus_Pablo" title="Augustus Pablo">Augustus Pablo</a> popularized it in the 1970s,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and his son <a href="/wiki/Addis_Pablo" title="Addis Pablo">Addis Pablo</a> takes after him in the same genres.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The American musician <a href="/wiki/Jon_Batiste" title="Jon Batiste">Jon Batiste</a> was often seen playing a melodica on <i><a href="/wiki/The_Late_Show_with_Stephen_Colbert" title="The Late Show with Stephen Colbert">The Late Show with Stephen Colbert</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Funk keyboardist <a href="/wiki/Bernie_Worrell" title="Bernie Worrell">Bernie Worrell</a> played melodica on multiple recordings in <a href="/wiki/Bootsy_Collins" title="Bootsy Collins">Bootsy Collins</a>'s discography.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The instrument is also associated with the <a href="/wiki/Inti_Raymi" title="Inti Raymi">Inti Raymi</a> festival in <a href="/wiki/Otavalo_(city)" title="Otavalo (city)">Otavalo</a>, Ecuador.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melodica&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Klaviatur-3-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Klaviatur-3-en.svg/300px-Klaviatur-3-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Klaviatur-3-en.svg/450px-Klaviatur-3-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Klaviatur-3-en.svg/600px-Klaviatur-3-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2103" data-file-height="527" /></a><figcaption>Layout of a melodica keyboard with three <a href="/wiki/Octave" title="Octave">octaves</a> (36 keys)</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Melodica_rakesofkildare.ogg" title="File:Melodica rakesofkildare.ogg">Solo melodica</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="47" data-mwtitle="Melodica_rakesofkildare.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/45/Melodica_rakesofkildare.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/45/Melodica_rakesofkildare.ogg/Melodica_rakesofkildare.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">Clavietta melodica playing <a href="/wiki/Irish_traditional_music" title="Irish traditional music">Irish traditional music</a>, "Rakes of Kildare", played by Troy Banarzi</div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr /><i class="selfreference">Problems playing this file? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</i></div> </div> <p>Melodicas are classified primarily by the range of the instrument. Melodicas with different ranges have slightly different shapes. </p> <ul><li><b>Soprano</b> and <b>alto melodicas</b> are higher-pitched and thinner sounding than tenors. Some are designed to be played with both hands at once: the left hand plays the black keys, and the right hand plays the white keys. Others are played like the tenor melodica.</li> <li><b>Tenor melodicas</b> are a lower-pitched type of melodica. The left hand holds a handle on the bottom, and the right hand plays the keyboard. Tenor melodicas can be played with two hands by inserting a tube into the mouthpiece hole and placing the melodica on a flat surface.</li> <li><b>Bass melodicas</b> include the Hohner Melodica-Basso (discontinued), the Suzuki B-24 Bass Melodion<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Hammond Bass Melodion BB-24.</li> <li>The <b>Accordina</b> aka 'Chromatic Button Melodica', generally made of metal, uses the same mechanism and reeds as a traditional melodica. The keyboard is replaced with a button arrangement similar to a <a href="/wiki/Chromatic_button_accordion" title="Chromatic button accordion">chromatic button accordion</a>'s keyboard.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alternative_names">Alternative names</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melodica&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Alternative names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> The melodica is known by various names, often at the whim of the manufacturer. <i>Melodion</i> (<a href="/wiki/Suzuki_Musical_Instrument_Corporation" title="Suzuki Musical Instrument Corporation">Suzuki</a>), <i>Triola</i> (Seydel), <i>Melodika</i> (Apollo), <i>Melodia</i> (Diana), <i>Pianica</i> (<a href="/wiki/Yamaha_Corporation" title="Yamaha Corporation">Yamaha</a>), <i>Melodihorn</i> (<a href="/wiki/Samick" title="Samick">Samick</a>), <i>Melodyhorn</i> (Angel), <i>Diamonica</i> (Bontempi), <i>Pianetta</i> (Guerrini), <i>face piano</i>,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and <i>Clavietta</i> (Borel/Beuscher) are just some of the variants. When a recording technician unfamiliar with the melodica called it a "hooter", the band <a href="/wiki/The_Hooters" title="The Hooters">the Hooters</a> took that as their name.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hohner_Melodica_Soprano.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Hohner_Melodica_Soprano.png/250px-Hohner_Melodica_Soprano.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Hohner_Melodica_Soprano.png/375px-Hohner_Melodica_Soprano.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Hohner_Melodica_Soprano.png/500px-Hohner_Melodica_Soprano.png 2x" data-file-width="2504" data-file-height="1436" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hohner" title="Hohner">Hohner</a> Melodica Soprano: right side, keyboard and bottom views</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melodica&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Melodica_with_tube.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Played horizontally, with two hands and an air tube"><img alt="Played horizontally, with two hands and an air tube" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Melodica_with_tube.jpg/90px-Melodica_with_tube.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Melodica_with_tube.jpg/135px-Melodica_with_tube.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Melodica_with_tube.jpg/180px-Melodica_with_tube.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3840" data-file-height="5120" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Played horizontally, with two hands and an air tube</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Melodica_two-hand-playing_by_Pianonymous_at_Musical_Instruments_Fair_Japan_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Played vertically, with two hands and an air tube"><img alt="Played vertically, with two hands and an air tube" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Melodica_two-hand-playing_by_Pianonymous_at_Musical_Instruments_Fair_Japan_2016.jpg/80px-Melodica_two-hand-playing_by_Pianonymous_at_Musical_Instruments_Fair_Japan_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Melodica_two-hand-playing_by_Pianonymous_at_Musical_Instruments_Fair_Japan_2016.jpg/120px-Melodica_two-hand-playing_by_Pianonymous_at_Musical_Instruments_Fair_Japan_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Melodica_two-hand-playing_by_Pianonymous_at_Musical_Instruments_Fair_Japan_2016.jpg/160px-Melodica_two-hand-playing_by_Pianonymous_at_Musical_Instruments_Fair_Japan_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="634" data-file-height="950" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Played vertically, with two hands and an air tube</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Melodica_without_tube.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Melodica being played vertically, with one hand and without air tube"><img alt="Melodica being played vertically, with one hand and without air tube" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Melodica_without_tube.jpg/90px-Melodica_without_tube.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Melodica_without_tube.jpg/135px-Melodica_without_tube.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Melodica_without_tube.jpg/180px-Melodica_without_tube.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2136" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Melodica being played vertically, with one hand and without air tube</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Suzuki_Wood_keyboard_harmonica_Melodion_W-37.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wooden melodica; Suzuki Wood Melodion W-37"><img alt="Wooden melodica; Suzuki Wood Melodion W-37" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Suzuki_Wood_keyboard_harmonica_Melodion_W-37.jpg/100px-Suzuki_Wood_keyboard_harmonica_Melodion_W-37.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Suzuki_Wood_keyboard_harmonica_Melodion_W-37.jpg/151px-Suzuki_Wood_keyboard_harmonica_Melodion_W-37.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Suzuki_Wood_keyboard_harmonica_Melodion_W-37.jpg/201px-Suzuki_Wood_keyboard_harmonica_Melodion_W-37.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1835" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Wooden melodica; Suzuki Wood Melodion W-37</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hohner_alto_melodica.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hohner alto melodica"><img alt="Hohner alto melodica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Hohner_alto_melodica.jpg/120px-Hohner_alto_melodica.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Hohner_alto_melodica.jpg/180px-Hohner_alto_melodica.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Hohner_alto_melodica.jpg/240px-Hohner_alto_melodica.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2766" data-file-height="2046" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hohner alto melodica</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Accordina_drawing_from_US_Patent_2461806.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Patent drawing for accordina"><img alt="Patent drawing for accordina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Accordina_drawing_from_US_Patent_2461806.png/120px-Accordina_drawing_from_US_Patent_2461806.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Accordina_drawing_from_US_Patent_2461806.png/180px-Accordina_drawing_from_US_Patent_2461806.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Accordina_drawing_from_US_Patent_2461806.png/240px-Accordina_drawing_from_US_Patent_2461806.png 2x" data-file-width="1305" data-file-height="1083" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Patent drawing for accordina</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Accordina being played"><img alt="Accordina being played" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0.JPG/116px-%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0.JPG" decoding="async" width="116" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0.JPG/174px-%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0.JPG/231px-%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1157" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Accordina being played</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fagen_of_Steely_Dan_at_Pori_Jazz_2007_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Donald Fagen with a Yamaha Pianica in 2007"><img alt="Donald Fagen with a Yamaha Pianica in 2007" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Fagen_of_Steely_Dan_at_Pori_Jazz_2007_%28cropped%29.jpg/98px-Fagen_of_Steely_Dan_at_Pori_Jazz_2007_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="98" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Fagen_of_Steely_Dan_at_Pori_Jazz_2007_%28cropped%29.jpg/147px-Fagen_of_Steely_Dan_at_Pori_Jazz_2007_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Fagen_of_Steely_Dan_at_Pori_Jazz_2007_%28cropped%29.jpg/196px-Fagen_of_Steely_Dan_at_Pori_Jazz_2007_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="669" data-file-height="820" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Fagen" title="Donald Fagen">Donald Fagen</a> with a Yamaha Pianica in 2007</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melodica&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accordion" title="Accordion">Accordion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claviola" title="Claviola">Claviola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Couesnophone" title="Couesnophone">Couesnophone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmonica" title="Harmonica">Harmonica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melodica_in_music" title="Melodica in music">Melodica in music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melodica_Men" title="Melodica Men">Melodica Men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pump_organ" title="Pump organ">Pump organ</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:right;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melodica&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMissin_P2004" class="citation web cs1">Missin P (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130926132112/http://www.patmissin.com/history/melodica.html">"A Brief History of Mouth-Blown Free Reed Instruments: Melodica Family"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.patmissin.com/history/melodica.html">the original</a> on 2013-09-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-07-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Brief+History+of+Mouth-Blown+Free+Reed+Instruments%3A+Melodica+Family&rft.date=2004&rft.au=Missin+P&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.patmissin.com%2Fhistory%2Fmelodica.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelodica" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160822183832/http://www.duskyrecords.nl/vibrandoneon.engels.html">"Vibrandoneon"</a>. Duskyrecords.nl. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.duskyrecords.nl/vibrandoneon.engels.html">the original</a> on 2016-08-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-07-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vibrandoneon&rft.pub=Duskyrecords.nl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.duskyrecords.nl%2Fvibrandoneon.engels.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelodica" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oscarbettison.com/press-articles/latimes_040812.html">"Oscar Bettison – Composer: Los Angeles Times"</a>. <i>www.oscarbettison.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.oscarbettison.com&rft.atitle=Oscar+Bettison+%E2%80%93+Composer%3A+Los+Angeles+Times&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oscarbettison.com%2Fpress-articles%2Flatimes_040812.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelodica" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cutiefulchristina.com/2008/01/blow-keyboard-with-foot-pump.html">Blow Keyboard with foot pump</a>, using <a href="/wiki/Wine_barrel" class="mw-redirect" title="Wine barrel">wine cask</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bota_bag" title="Bota bag">bota bag</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cork_(plug)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cork (plug)">cork</a>, tubes and a <a href="/wiki/Pump" title="Pump">pump</a>, in a similar way to feet <a href="/wiki/Bagpipes" title="Bagpipes">bagpipes</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://makezine.com/2008/06/23/blow-keyboard-bagpipe-mod/">Blow keyboard bagpipe mod</a> in magazine <i><a href="/wiki/Make_(magazine)" title="Make (magazine)">Make</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChen2015" class="citation web cs1">Chen, Franklin (2015-02-18). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://franklinchen.com/blog/2015/02/18/discovering-the-eolina-a-beautiful-musical-instrument/">"Discovering the Eolina, a beautiful musical instrument"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-04-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Discovering+the+Eolina%2C+a+beautiful+musical+instrument&rft.date=2015-02-18&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Franklin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffranklinchen.com%2Fblog%2F2015%2F02%2F18%2Fdiscovering-the-eolina-a-beautiful-musical-instrument%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelodica" class="Z3988"></span> See also <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.akkordeoncentrum.de/akkordeon/001662/Ballone-Burini-Eolina-P45">Ballone Burini Eolina P45 Holz</a>, <i>www.akkordeoncentrum.de</i> (accessed April 11, 2024).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://melodicaworld.com/whats-a-melodica/">"The Ultimate Guide to the Melodica in 2023"</a>. <i>melodicaworld.com</i>. 2022-09-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-01-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=melodicaworld.com&rft.atitle=The+Ultimate+Guide+to+the+Melodica+in+2023&rft.date=2022-09-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmelodicaworld.com%2Fwhats-a-melodica%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelodica" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rangeofsounds.com/uncategorized/how-to-mic-a-melodica/">"How to Mic a Melodica"</a>. <i>Range of Sounds</i>. 2019-06-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Range+of+Sounds&rft.atitle=How+to+Mic+a+Melodica&rft.date=2019-06-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frangeofsounds.com%2Funcategorized%2Fhow-to-mic-a-melodica%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelodica" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hammondorganco.com/products/melodions/pro44hv2-melodion/">"Pro44Hv2 Melodion | Hammond USA"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pro44Hv2+Melodion+%7C+Hammond+USA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhammondorganco.com%2Fproducts%2Fmelodions%2Fpro44hv2-melodion%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelodica" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Hohner's great new electronic keyboards give you all the great new sounds" (advertisement). Down Beat 35:13 (27 June 1968), 13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boosey.com/licensing/music/Steve-Reich-Melodica/3275">"Steve Reich – <i>Melodica</i>"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Boosey_%26_Hawkes" title="Boosey & Hawkes">Boosey & Hawkes</a>. 1966-05-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-07-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Steve+Reich+%E2%80%93+Melodica&rft.pub=Boosey+%26+Hawkes&rft.date=1966-05-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.boosey.com%2Flicensing%2Fmusic%2FSteve-Reich-Melodica%2F3275&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelodica" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_6maZJA0-Yc"><span class="plainlinks">Hermeto Pascoal – Rebuliço</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKliment_and_Watchtel2007" class="citation web cs1">Kliment and Watchtel (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://trouserpress.com/entry.php?a=augustus_pablo">"Augustus Pablo"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-07-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Augustus+Pablo&rft.date=2007&rft.au=Kliment+and+Watchtel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftrouserpress.com%2Fentry.php%3Fa%3Daugustus_pablo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelodica" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://caribbean.loopnews.com/content/caribbean-creators-addis-pablo-621042">"Caribbean Creators: Addis Pablo"</a>. <i>Loop News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-06-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Loop+News&rft.atitle=Caribbean+Creators%3A+Addis+Pablo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcaribbean.loopnews.com%2Fcontent%2Fcaribbean-creators-addis-pablo-621042&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelodica" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKato2018" class="citation web cs1">Kato, Yoshi (September 18, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datebook.sfchronicle.com/music/jon-batiste-of-late-show-to-draw-on-new-orleans-ny-sounds-at-local-shows">"Jon Batiste of 'Late Show' to draw on New Orleans, NY sounds at local shows"</a>. <i>Datebook</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-06-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Datebook&rft.atitle=Jon+Batiste+of+%27Late+Show%27+to+draw+on+New+Orleans%2C+NY+sounds+at+local+shows&rft.date=2018-09-18&rft.aulast=Kato&rft.aufirst=Yoshi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatebook.sfchronicle.com%2Fmusic%2Fjon-batiste-of-late-show-to-draw-on-new-orleans-ny-sounds-at-local-shows&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelodica" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/album/glory-b-da-funks-on-me!-the-bootsy-collins-anthology-mw0000004954/credits"><i>Glory B da Funk's on Me!: The Bootsy Collins Anthology</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-06-27</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Glory+B+da+Funk%27s+on+Me%21%3A+The+Bootsy+Collins+Anthology&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Falbum%2Fglory-b-da-funks-on-me%21-the-bootsy-collins-anthology-mw0000004954%2Fcredits&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelodica" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWibbelsman2005" class="citation journal cs1">Wibbelsman, Michelle (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4121678">"Encuentros: Dances of the Inti Raymi in Cotacachi, Ecuador"</a>. <i>Latin American Music Review / Revista de Música Latinoamericana</i>. <b>26</b> (2): 195–226. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0163-0350">0163-0350</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4121678">4121678</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Latin+American+Music+Review+%2F+Revista+de+M%C3%BAsica+Latinoamericana&rft.atitle=Encuentros%3A+Dances+of+the+Inti+Raymi+in+Cotacachi%2C+Ecuador&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=195-226&rft.date=2005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4121678%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0163-0350&rft.aulast=Wibbelsman&rft.aufirst=Michelle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4121678&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelodica" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221004224711/https://ecuador.travel/press/inti-raymi-a-party-to-give-thanks-by-the-rhythm-of-the-stomp/">"Inti Raymi, a party to give thanks by the rhythm of the stomp"</a>. <i>Ecuador Travel Press</i>. 2022-10-04. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ecuador.travel/press/inti-raymi-a-party-to-give-thanks-by-the-rhythm-of-the-stomp/">the original</a> on 2022-10-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-06-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ecuador+Travel+Press&rft.atitle=Inti+Raymi%2C+a+party+to+give+thanks+by+the+rhythm+of+the+stomp&rft.date=2022-10-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fecuador.travel%2Fpress%2Finti-raymi-a-party-to-give-thanks-by-the-rhythm-of-the-stomp%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelodica" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.suzukimusic.co.uk/products/melodion/bass.html">"Suzuki Bass Melodions"</a>. <i>Suzuki Europe Ltd</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Suzuki+Europe+Ltd.&rft.atitle=Suzuki+Bass+Melodions&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.suzukimusic.co.uk%2Fproducts%2Fmelodion%2Fbass.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelodica" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDarling2000" class="citation book cs1">Darling, John (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sIUs9GwfMVIC&pg=PT31"><i>What's in a Name? – The Book of Bands</i></a>. Xlibris. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-595-09629-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-595-09629-9"><bdi>978-0-595-09629-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What%27s+in+a+Name%3F+%E2%80%93+The+Book+of+Bands&rft.pub=Xlibris&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-595-09629-9&rft.aulast=Darling&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsIUs9GwfMVIC%26pg%3DPT31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelodica" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melodica&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> 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class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bore_(wind_instruments)" title="Bore (wind instruments)">Cylindrical bore</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balaban_(instrument)" title="Balaban (instrument)">Balaban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chirimia" title="Chirimia">Chirimia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duduk" title="Duduk">Duduk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guan_(instrument)" title="Guan (instrument)">Guan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piri_(instrument)" title="Piri (instrument)">Piri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bore_(wind_instruments)" title="Bore (wind instruments)">Conical bore</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bassoon" title="Bassoon">Bassoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombard_(musical_instrument)" title="Bombard (musical instrument)">Bombard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cor_anglais" title="Cor anglais">English horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gralla_(instrument)" title="Gralla (instrument)">Gralla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hne" title="Hne">Hne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A8n" title="Kèn">Kèn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oboe" title="Oboe">Oboe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oboe_d%27amore" title="Oboe d'amore">Oboe d'amore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piston_(music)" title="Piston (music)">Piston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhaita" title="Rhaita">Rhaita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shawm" title="Shawm">Shawm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopila" title="Sopila">Sopila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taepyeongso" title="Taepyeongso">Taepyeongso</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Single-reed_instrument" title="Single-reed instrument">Single reed</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cylindrical bore</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alboka" title="Alboka">Alboka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arghul" title="Arghul">Arghul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BClban" title="Bülban">Bülban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalumeau" title="Chalumeau">Chalumeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarinet" title="Clarinet">Clarinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplica" title="Diplica">Diplica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Launeddas" title="Launeddas">Launeddas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mijwiz" title="Mijwiz">Mijwiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pibgorn_(instrument)" title="Pibgorn (instrument)">Pibgorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reclam_de_xeremies" title="Reclam de xeremies">Reclam de xeremies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sipsi" title="Sipsi">Sipsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xaphoon" title="Xaphoon">Xaphoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaleika" title="Zhaleika">Zhaleika</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conical bore</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aulochrome" title="Aulochrome">Aulochrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heckel-clarina" title="Heckel-clarina">Heckel-clarina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heckelphone-clarinet" title="Heckelphone-clarinet">Heckelphone-clarinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octavin" title="Octavin">Octavin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saxophone" title="Saxophone">Saxophone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A1rogat%C3%B3" title="Tárogató">Tárogató</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Free_reed_aerophone" title="Free reed aerophone">Free reed</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Single</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bawu" title="Bawu">Bawu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullroarer" title="Bullroarer">Bullroarer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_horn" title="Party horn">Party horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitch_pipe" title="Pitch pipe">Pitch pipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sneng" title="Sneng">Sneng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accordion" title="Accordion">Accordion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claviola" title="Claviola">Claviola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concertina" title="Concertina">Concertina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Couesnophone" title="Couesnophone">Couesnophone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmoneon" title="Harmoneon">Harmoneon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmonica" title="Harmonica">Harmonica</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chromatic_harmonica" title="Chromatic harmonica">Chromatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diatonic_harmonica" class="mw-redirect" title="Diatonic harmonica">Diatonic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richter-tuned_harmonica" title="Richter-tuned harmonica">Richter-tuned</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tremolo_harmonica" title="Tremolo harmonica">Tremolo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gourd_mouth_organ" title="Gourd mouth organ">Gourd mouth organ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hornophone" title="Hornophone">Hornophone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulusi" title="Hulusi">Hulusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khene" title="Khene">Khene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lusheng" title="Lusheng">Lusheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangtong" title="Mangtong">Mangtong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinshorn" title="Martinshorn">Martinshorn</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Melodica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organetto" title="Organetto">Organetto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physharmonica" title="Physharmonica">Physharmonica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pump_organ" title="Pump organ">Pump organ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guide-chant" title="Guide-chant">Guide-chant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_harmonium" title="Indian harmonium">Indian harmonium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthotonophonium" title="Orthotonophonium">Orthotonophonium</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saenghwang" title="Saenghwang">Saenghwang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheng_(instrument)" title="Sheng (instrument)">Sheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8D_(instrument)" title="Shō (instrument)">Shō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triola" title="Triola">Triola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yu_(wind_instrument)" title="Yu (wind instrument)">Yu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bore_(wind_instruments)" title="Bore (wind instruments)">Bore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadruple_reed" title="Quadruple reed">Quadruple reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reed_(instrument)" class="mw-redirect" title="Reed (instrument)">Reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tone_hole" title="Tone hole">Tone hole</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Musical_and_keyboard_instruments" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Musical_keyboards" title="Template:Musical keyboards"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Musical_keyboards" title="Template talk:Musical keyboards"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Musical_keyboards" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Musical keyboards"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Musical_and_keyboard_instruments" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Musical_keyboard" title="Musical keyboard">Musical</a> and <a href="/wiki/Keyboard_instrument" title="Keyboard instrument">keyboard instruments</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Instruments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bowed_clavier" title="Bowed clavier">Bowed clavier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calliope_(music)" title="Calliope (music)">Calliope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carillon" title="Carillon">Carillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celesta" title="Celesta">Celesta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chime_(bell_instrument)" title="Chime (bell instrument)">Chime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clavichord" title="Clavichord">Clavichord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clavicytherium" title="Clavicytherium">Clavicytherium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claviharp" title="Claviharp">Claviharp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_keyboard" title="Electronic keyboard">Electronic keyboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortepiano" title="Fortepiano">Fortepiano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmonichord" title="Harmonichord">Harmonichord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpsichord" title="Harpsichord">Harpsichord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keytar" title="Keytar">Keytar</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Melodica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organ_(music)" title="Organ (music)">Organ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hammond_organ" title="Hammond organ">Hammond organ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipe_organ" title="Pipe organ">Pipe organ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reed_organ" class="mw-redirect" title="Reed organ">Reed organ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_organ" title="Theatre organ">Theatre organ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orphica" title="Orphica">Orphica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piano" title="Piano">Piano</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_piano" title="Digital piano">Digital piano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_piano" title="Electric piano">Electric piano</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piano_accordion" title="Piano accordion">Piano accordion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinet" title="Spinet">Spinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthesizer" title="Synthesizer">Synthesizer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginals" title="Virginals">Virginal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Layouts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enharmonic_keyboard" title="Enharmonic keyboard">Enharmonic keyboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generalized_keyboard" title="Generalized keyboard">Generalized keyboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isomorphic_keyboard" title="Isomorphic keyboard">Isomorphic keyboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jank%C3%B3_keyboard" title="Jankó keyboard">Jankó keyboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_octave" title="Short octave">Short octave</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Key_(instrument)" title="Key (instrument)">Keys</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Piano_key_frequencies" title="Piano key frequencies">Frequencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manual_(music)" title="Manual (music)">Manual keyboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Split_sharp" title="Split sharp">Split sharp</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Piano_pedals" title="Piano pedals">Pedals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Expression_pedal" title="Expression pedal">Expression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soft_pedal" title="Soft pedal">Soft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustain_pedal" title="Sustain pedal">Sustain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedal_keyboard" title="Pedal keyboard">Pedal keyboard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Piano construction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Piano_acoustics" title="Piano acoustics">Acoustics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innovations_in_the_piano" title="Innovations in the piano">Innovations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piano_wire" title="Piano wire">Wiring</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aliquot_stringing" title="Aliquot stringing">Aliquot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-stringing" title="Cross-stringing">Cross</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Piano_maintenance" title="Piano maintenance">Maintenance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_(piano)" title="Action (piano)">Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piano_Technicians_Guild" title="Piano Technicians Guild">Piano Technicians Guild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piano_tuning" title="Piano tuning">Tuning</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tuning_wrench" title="Tuning wrench">Wrench</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Amplifiers, speakers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keyboard_amplifier" title="Keyboard amplifier">Keyboard amplifier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_speaker" title="Leslie speaker">Leslie speaker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prepared_piano" title="Prepared piano">Prepared piano</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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