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Lipid homeostasis in the body is regulated, in part, by the liver via the metabolic processes of synthesis and utilization of lipids. The present study tested the hypothesis that maternal protein restriction will imprint changes in hepatic lipid metabolism and thereby alter the hepatic lipid content of the adult offspring. Pregnant rats were fed purified diets containing 19% protein (control group) or 8% protein (low-protein group) throughout pregnancy and lactation. On day 28, pups from both groups were weaned onto regular laboratory chow. On days 65 and 150, male and female pups from each litter in both groups were killed and blood and liver collected. Maternal protein restriction was found to reduce birth weight and produce long-term reduction in the body weight of the offspring. On day 65, liver triglyceride content was decreased by 40% in the male offspring that were fed a low-protein diet. The reduction in liver triglyceride content persisted until day 150, at which time it was accompanied by decreases in hepatic cholesterol content. No such changes were observed in the female offspring. To determine if the alterations in liver lipid content resulted in compensatory changes in liver carbohydrate stores, hepatic glycogen content was measured in male offspring. Hepatic glycogen content was similar between the 2 groups on days 65 and 150. In conclusion, the present study in rats showed that maternal protein restriction during pregnancy and lactation imprints long-term changes in hepatic lipid content selectively in the male offspring.","publication_date":"2010,,","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"71461202"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Maternal protein restriction during pregnancy and lactation in rats imprints long-term reduction in hepatic lipid content selectively in the male offspring","broadcastable":false,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [38371347]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 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href="https://www.academia.edu/107837655/A_low_maternal_protein_diet_during_pregnancy_and_lactation_has_sex_and_window_of_exposure_specific_effects_on_offspring_growth_and_food_intake_glucose_metabolism_and_serum_leptin_in_the_rat"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="51826886" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/51826886/Protein_restriction_during_gestation_and_or_lactation_causes_adverse_transgenerational_effects_on_biometry_and_glucose_metabolism_in_F1_and_F2_progenies_of_rats">Protein restriction during gestation and/or lactation causes adverse transgenerational effects on biometry and glucose metabolism in F1 and F2 progenies of rats</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="196679475" href="https://independent.academia.edu/IsadoraSalvucci">Isadora Salvucci</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Clinical Science, 2008</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Protein restriction during gestation and/or lactation causes adverse transgenerational effects on biometry and glucose metabolism in F1 and F2 progenies of rats","attachmentId":69376431,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/51826886/Protein_restriction_during_gestation_and_or_lactation_causes_adverse_transgenerational_effects_on_biometry_and_glucose_metabolism_in_F1_and_F2_progenies_of_rats","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/51826886/Protein_restriction_during_gestation_and_or_lactation_causes_adverse_transgenerational_effects_on_biometry_and_glucose_metabolism_in_F1_and_F2_progenies_of_rats"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="29496932" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29496932/Effect_of_reduced_maternal_protein_intake_in_pregnancy_in_the_rat_on_the_fatty_acid_composition_of_brain_liver_plasma_heart_and_lung_phospholipids_of_the_offspring_after_weaning">Effect of reduced maternal protein intake in pregnancy in the rat on the fatty acid composition of brain, liver, plasma, heart and lung phospholipids of the offspring after weaning</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="55692774" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AlanJackson25">Alan Jackson</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">British Journal of Nutrition, 2003</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Effect of reduced maternal protein intake in pregnancy in the rat on the fatty acid composition of brain, liver, plasma, heart and lung phospholipids of the offspring after weaning","attachmentId":49936023,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/29496932/Effect_of_reduced_maternal_protein_intake_in_pregnancy_in_the_rat_on_the_fatty_acid_composition_of_brain_liver_plasma_heart_and_lung_phospholipids_of_the_offspring_after_weaning","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/29496932/Effect_of_reduced_maternal_protein_intake_in_pregnancy_in_the_rat_on_the_fatty_acid_composition_of_brain_liver_plasma_heart_and_lung_phospholipids_of_the_offspring_after_weaning"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="79745050" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/79745050/Consumption_of_a_high_fat_diet_does_not_potentiate_the_deleterious_effects_on_lipid_and_protein_levels_and_body_development_in_rats_subjected_to_maternal_protein_restriction">Consumption of a high‐fat diet does not potentiate the deleterious effects on lipid and protein levels and body development in rats subjected to maternal protein restriction</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="203629235" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ANAPAULADAFONSECAARCOVERDECABRALDEMELLO">ANA PAULA DA FONSECA ARCOVERDE CABRAL DE MELLO</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology, 2019</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Consumption of a high‐fat diet does not potentiate the deleterious effects on lipid and protein levels and body development in rats subjected to maternal protein restriction","attachmentId":86356096,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/79745050/Consumption_of_a_high_fat_diet_does_not_potentiate_the_deleterious_effects_on_lipid_and_protein_levels_and_body_development_in_rats_subjected_to_maternal_protein_restriction","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/79745050/Consumption_of_a_high_fat_diet_does_not_potentiate_the_deleterious_effects_on_lipid_and_protein_levels_and_body_development_in_rats_subjected_to_maternal_protein_restriction"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="16890646" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/16890646/Feed_restriction_during_pregnancy_lactation_induces_programmed_changes_in_lipid_adiponectin_and_leptin_levels_with_gender_differences_in_rat_offspring">Feed restriction during pregnancy/lactation induces programmed changes in lipid, adiponectin and leptin levels with gender differences in rat offspring</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="25152791" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MinaDesai">Mina Desai</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, 2013</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">We investigated the effects of fetal undernutrition during pregnancy/lactation on visceral fat, lipid profiles, leptin and adiponectin, and examined the gender differences between males and females. From 10 d to term gestation and through lactation, control pregnant rats were fed ad libitum (AdLib) food, whereas study rats were 50% food restricted (FR). Cross-fostering techniques were used to examine the effects of FR during pregnancy and lactation periods. Lipid profiles, leptin and adiponectin were determined in offspring at ages 3 weeks and 6 months. We also measured the amount of visceral fat in the offspring. The amount of visceral fat in the 6-month-old FR/AdLib offspring was higher than that in the control (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05). Among the 6-month-old offspring, triglyceride and leptin levels were higher in FR/AdLib offspring than those in the controls (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05). The female offspring had higher levels of triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, and adiponectin and the male offspring had higher levels of LDL cholesterol and leptin. Fetal undernutrition only during pregnancy resulted in obese offspring, higher levels of plasma triglyceride and leptin with gender differences.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Feed restriction during pregnancy/lactation induces programmed changes in lipid, adiponectin and leptin levels with gender differences in rat offspring","attachmentId":42378946,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/16890646/Feed_restriction_during_pregnancy_lactation_induces_programmed_changes_in_lipid_adiponectin_and_leptin_levels_with_gender_differences_in_rat_offspring","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/16890646/Feed_restriction_during_pregnancy_lactation_induces_programmed_changes_in_lipid_adiponectin_and_leptin_levels_with_gender_differences_in_rat_offspring"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":71461202,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":71461202,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_71461202" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="14468223" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14468223/Protein_and_folic_acid_content_in_the_maternal_diet_determine_lipid_metabolism_and_response_to_high_fat_feeding_in_rat_progeny_in_an_age_dependent_manner">Protein and folic acid content in the maternal diet determine lipid metabolism and response to high-fat feeding in rat progeny in an age-dependent manner</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33411129" href="https://puls.academia.edu/AgataChmurzynska">Agata Chmurzynska</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Genes & Nutrition, 2011</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button 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