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</button> <ul id="toc-Political_background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Chilean_military_prior_to_the_coup" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chilean_military_prior_to_the_coup"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Chilean military prior to the coup</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chilean_military_prior_to_the_coup-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crisis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crisis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Crisis</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Crisis-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Crisis subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Crisis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Resolution_by_the_Chamber_of_Deputies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Resolution_by_the_Chamber_of_Deputies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Resolution by the Chamber of Deputies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Resolution_by_the_Chamber_of_Deputies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Salvador_Allende's_response" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Salvador_Allende's_response"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Salvador Allende's response</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Salvador_Allende's_response-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Preparations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Preparations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Preparations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Preparations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-American_involvement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#American_involvement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>American involvement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-American_involvement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military_action" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_action"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Military action</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_action-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Casualties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Casualties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Casualties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Casualties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Allende's_death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Allende's_death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Allende's death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Allende's_death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Aftermath</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Aftermath subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Installing_a_new_regime" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Installing_a_new_regime"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Installing a new regime</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Installing_a_new_regime-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Continued_violence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Continued_violence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Continued violence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Continued_violence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_reaction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_reaction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>International reaction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_reaction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legal_impact" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legal_impact"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Legal impact</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legal_impact-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commemoration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commemoration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Commemoration</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Commemoration-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Commemoration subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Commemoration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-40th_anniversary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#40th_anniversary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>40th anniversary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-40th_anniversary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-50th_anniversary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#50th_anniversary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>50th anniversary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-50th_anniversary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-See_also-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle See also subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Films_and_documentaries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Films_and_documentaries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Films and documentaries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Films_and_documentaries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">1973 Chilean coup d'état</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 46 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-46" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">46 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8_1973_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A" title="انقلاب 1973 في تشيلي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="انقلاب 1973 في تشيلي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golpe_d%27Est%C3%A1u_en_Chile_de_1973" title="Golpe d'Estáu en Chile de 1973 – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Golpe d'Estáu en Chile de 1973" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ili_h%C9%99rbi_%C3%A7evrili%C5%9Fi_(1973)" title="Çili hərbi çevrilişi (1973) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Çili hərbi çevrilişi (1973)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taol-stad_miz_Gwengolo_1973_e_Chile" title="Taol-stad miz Gwengolo 1973 e Chile – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Taol-stad miz Gwengolo 1973 e Chile" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cop_d%27estat_de_l%2711_de_setembre_de_1973" title="Cop d'estat de l'11 de setembre de 1973 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cop d'estat de l'11 de setembre de 1973" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_Tsile_(1973)" title="Coup d'état Tsile (1973) – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Coup d'état Tsile (1973)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milit%C3%A6rkuppet_i_Chile" title="Militærkuppet i Chile – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Militærkuppet i Chile" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putsch_in_Chile_1973" title="Putsch in Chile 1973 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Putsch in Chile 1973" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/1973._aasta_T%C5%A1iili_riigip%C3%B6%C3%B6re" title="1973. aasta Tšiili riigipööre – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="1973. aasta Tšiili riigipööre" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BE%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%80%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B1_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7_%CE%A7%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%AE_(1973)" title="Πραξικόπημα στη Χιλή (1973) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πραξικόπημα στη Χιλή (1973)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golpe_de_Estado_en_Chile_de_1973" title="Golpe de Estado en Chile de 1973 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Golpe de Estado en Chile de 1973" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pu%C4%89o_en_%C4%88ilio_en_1973" title="Puĉo en Ĉilio en 1973 – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Puĉo en Ĉilio en 1973" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1973ko_Txileko_estatu_kolpea" title="1973ko Txileko estatu kolpea – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="1973ko Txileko estatu kolpea" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C_%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B7%DB%B3_%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="کودتای ۱۹۷۳ شیلی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کودتای ۱۹۷۳ شیلی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%89tat_de_1973_au_Chili" title="Coup d'État de 1973 au Chili – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Coup d'État de 1973 au Chili" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golpe_de_Estado_do_11_de_setembro_de_1973" title="Golpe de Estado do 11 de setembro de 1973 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Golpe de Estado do 11 de setembro de 1973" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1973%EB%85%84_%EC%B9%A0%EB%A0%88_%EC%BF%A0%EB%8D%B0%ED%83%80" title="1973년 칠레 쿠데타 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1973년 칠레 쿠데타" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr%C5%BEavni_udar_u_%C4%8Cileu_1973." title="Državni udar u Čileu 1973. – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Državni udar u Čileu 1973." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kudeta_Chili_1973" title="Kudeta Chili 1973 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kudeta Chili 1973" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valdar%C3%A1ni%C3%B0_%C3%AD_S%C3%ADle_1973" title="Valdaránið í Síle 1973 – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Valdaránið í Síle 1973" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colpo_di_Stato_in_Cile_del_1973" title="Colpo di Stato in Cile del 1973 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Colpo di Stato in Cile del 1973" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A6%D7%91%D7%90%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%A6%27%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%94_(1973)" title="ההפיכה הצבאית בצ'ילה (1973) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ההפיכה הצבאית בצ'ילה (1973)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8C%C4%ABles_1973._gada_apv%C4%93rsums" title="Čīles 1973. gada apvērsums – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Čīles 1973. gada apvērsums" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cil%C4%97s_perversmas" title="Čilės perversmas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Čilės perversmas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1973-as_chilei_katonai_hatalom%C3%A1tv%C3%A9tel" title="1973-as chilei katonai hatalomátvétel – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1973-as chilei katonai hatalomátvétel" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_(1973)" title="Чилеански државен удар (1973) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Чилеански државен удар (1973)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%89_1973" title="انقلاب تشيلى 1973 – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="انقلاب تشيلى 1973" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rampasan_kuasa_Chile_1973" title="Rampasan kuasa Chile 1973 – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Rampasan kuasa Chile 1973" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4_1973_%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%86%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%82" title="Чилид 1973 онд болсон цэргийн эргэлт – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Чилид 1973 онд болсон цэргийн эргэлт" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staatsgreep_in_Chili_(1973)" title="Staatsgreep in Chili (1973) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Staatsgreep in Chili (1973)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%81%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%87%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC" title="チリ・クーデター – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="チリ・クーデター" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statskuppet_i_Chile_1973" title="Statskuppet i Chile 1973 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Statskuppet i Chile 1973" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pucz_w_Chile_(1973)" title="Pucz w Chile (1973) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pucz w Chile (1973)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golpe_de_Estado_no_Chile_em_1973" title="Golpe de Estado no Chile em 1973 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Golpe de Estado no Chile em 1973" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%B2_%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_(1973)" title="Военный переворот в Чили (1973) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Военный переворот в Чили (1973)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corpu_de_istadu_in_Cile_de_su_1973" title="Corpu de istadu in Cile de su 1973 – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Corpu de istadu in Cile de su 1973" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1973_Chilean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1973 Chilean coup d'état – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1973 Chilean coup d'état" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_%D1%83_%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%83_1973." title="Државни удар у Чилеу 1973. – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Државни удар у Чилеу 1973." data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr%C5%BEavni_udar_u_%C4%8Cileu_1973" title="Državni udar u Čileu 1973 – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Državni udar u Čileu 1973" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chilen_sotilasvallankaappaus_1973" title="Chilen sotilasvallankaappaus 1973 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Chilen sotilasvallankaappaus 1973" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milit%C3%A4rkuppen_i_Chile_1973" title="Militärkuppen i Chile 1973 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Militärkuppen i Chile 1973" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5_%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._2516" title="รัฐประหารในประเทศชิลี พ.ศ. 2516 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รัฐประหารในประเทศชิลี พ.ศ. 2516" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1973_%C5%9Eili_Darbesi" title="1973 Şili Darbesi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1973 Şili Darbesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82_%D1%83_%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%96_(1973)" title="Військовий переворот у Чилі (1973) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Військовий переворот у Чилі (1973)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A3o_ch%C3%ADnh_Chile_1973" title="Đảo chính Chile 1973 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đảo chính Chile 1973" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1973%E5%B9%B4%E6%99%BA%E5%88%A9%E6%94%BF%E8%AE%8A" title="1973年智利政變 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="1973年智利政變" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q856670#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav 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class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:En-1973ChileanCoup-article.ogg" title="Listen to this article"><img alt="Listen to this article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/20px-Sound-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/30px-Sound-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/40px-Sound-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="96" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Overthrow of President Salvador Allende by the military</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"11 de Septiembre" redirects here. For the date, see <a href="/wiki/September_11" title="September 11">September 11</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">1973 Chilean coup d'état</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> in South America and <a href="/wiki/Operation_Condor" title="Operation Condor">Operation Condor</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><div style="background-color:white;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid white;width:300px;display:table;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:1px 0 0 1px"><div style="display:table;background-color:white;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Golpe_de_Estado_1973.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Golpe_de_Estado_1973.jpg/300px-Golpe_de_Estado_1973.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Golpe_de_Estado_1973.jpg/450px-Golpe_de_Estado_1973.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Golpe_de_Estado_1973.jpg/600px-Golpe_de_Estado_1973.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="745" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:white;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sylvain_Julienne_durant_le_coup_d%E2%80%99%C3%A9tat_au_Chili_en_septembre_1973.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Sylvain_Julienne_durant_le_coup_d%E2%80%99%C3%A9tat_au_Chili_en_septembre_1973.jpg/300px-Sylvain_Julienne_durant_le_coup_d%E2%80%99%C3%A9tat_au_Chili_en_septembre_1973.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Sylvain_Julienne_durant_le_coup_d%E2%80%99%C3%A9tat_au_Chili_en_septembre_1973.jpg/450px-Sylvain_Julienne_durant_le_coup_d%E2%80%99%C3%A9tat_au_Chili_en_septembre_1973.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Sylvain_Julienne_durant_le_coup_d%E2%80%99%C3%A9tat_au_Chili_en_septembre_1973.jpg/600px-Sylvain_Julienne_durant_le_coup_d%E2%80%99%C3%A9tat_au_Chili_en_septembre_1973.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2260" data-file-height="1652" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:white;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chile-_el_pueblo_vencera_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Chile-_el_pueblo_vencera_cropped.jpg/300px-Chile-_el_pueblo_vencera_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/Chile-_el_pueblo_vencera_cropped.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="346" data-file-height="266" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div></div> <div style="font-size:95%"><b>From top to bottom</b>: the bombing of <a href="/wiki/La_Moneda_Palace" title="La Moneda Palace">La Moneda</a> on September 11, 1973, by the Chilean Armed Forces; a journalist and policemen during the coup; and detainees and torture victims being detained at the <a href="/wiki/Estadio_Nacional_Julio_Mart%C3%ADnez_Pr%C3%A1danos" title="Estadio Nacional Julio Martínez Prádanos">National Stadium</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>11 September 1973</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Action</th><td>Armed forces put the country under military control. Little and unorganized civil resistance.</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> <p>Coup successful </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Unity_(Chile)" title="Popular Unity (Chile)">Popular Unity</a> government overthrown</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Salvador_Allende" title="Death of Salvador Allende">Death of Salvador Allende</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Junta_of_Chile_(1973)" title="Government Junta of Chile (1973)">Military Junta Government</a> led by General <a href="/wiki/Augusto_Pinochet" title="Augusto Pinochet">Augusto Pinochet</a> assumed power</li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <p><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile"><img alt="Chile" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Salvador_Allende" title="Presidency of Salvador Allende">Chilean Government</a></b><br /> </p> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Unidad_Popular_1973.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Unidad_Popular_1973.png/20px-Unidad_Popular_1973.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Unidad_Popular_1973.png/30px-Unidad_Popular_1973.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Unidad_Popular_1973.png/40px-Unidad_Popular_1973.png 2x" data-file-width="448" data-file-height="446" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Popular_Unity_(Chile)" title="Popular Unity (Chile)">Popular Unity</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Socialist_red_flag.svg/23px-Socialist_red_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Socialist_red_flag.svg/35px-Socialist_red_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Socialist_red_flag.svg/45px-Socialist_red_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Group_of_Personal_Friends" title="Group of Personal Friends">GAP</a></li></ul> <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_the_MIR_-_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_MIR_-_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_the_MIR_-_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_MIR_-_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_the_MIR_-_Chile.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_MIR_-_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="256" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Left_Movement_(Chile)" title="Revolutionary Left Movement (Chile)">Revolutionary Left Movement</a><br />Other working-class militants<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <hr /><b>Supported by:</b><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <p><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Roundel_of_Chile.svg/15px-Roundel_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Roundel_of_Chile.svg/23px-Roundel_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Roundel_of_Chile.svg/30px-Roundel_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Military_of_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Chile">Chilean Armed Forces</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_Army" title="Chilean Army">Chilean Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_Navy" title="Chilean Navy">Chilean Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_Air_Force" title="Chilean Air Force">Chilean Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carabineros_de_Chile" title="Carabineros de Chile">Carabineros de Chile</a></li></ul> <hr /><b>Supported by:</b><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_United_States_%28DoS_ECA_Color_Standard%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%28DoS_ECA_Color_Standard%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_United_States_%28DoS_ECA_Color_Standard%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%28DoS_ECA_Color_Standard%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_United_States_%28DoS_ECA_Color_Standard%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%28DoS_ECA_Color_Standard%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-p._223_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p._223-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><img alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_Brazil_%281968%E2%80%931992%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil_%281968%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_Brazil_%281968%E2%80%931992%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil_%281968%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_Brazil_%281968%E2%80%931992%29.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil_%281968%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="504" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Military_dictatorship_in_Brazil" title="Military dictatorship in Brazil">Brazil</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a><sup id="cite_ref-Daley_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Daley-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a><sup id="cite_ref-mcevoy_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mcevoy-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_the_National_Party_%28Chile%2C_1966%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_National_Party_%28Chile%2C_1966%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_the_National_Party_%28Chile%2C_1966%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_National_Party_%28Chile%2C_1966%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_the_National_Party_%28Chile%2C_1966%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_National_Party_%28Chile%2C_1966%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/National_Party_(Chile,_1966)" title="National Party (Chile, 1966)">Nationals</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_the_Christian_Democrat_Party_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Christian_Democrat_Party_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_the_Christian_Democrat_Party_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Christian_Democrat_Party_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_the_Christian_Democrat_Party_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Christian_Democrat_Party_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Party_(Chile)" title="Christian Democratic Party (Chile)">Christian Democrats</a> (parts)<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Democracia_Radical_1971.png/23px-Democracia_Radical_1971.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Democracia_Radical_1971.png/35px-Democracia_Radical_1971.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Democracia_Radical_1971.png/46px-Democracia_Radical_1971.png 2x" data-file-width="1823" data-file-height="917" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Radical_Democracy_(Chile)" title="Radical Democracy (Chile)">Radical Democrats</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Salvador_Allende" title="Salvador Allende">Salvador Allende</a> <a href="/wiki/Death_of_Salvador_Allende" title="Death of Salvador Allende"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a></b><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Max_Marambio" title="Max Marambio">Max Marambio</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_the_MIR_-_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_MIR_-_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_the_MIR_-_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_MIR_-_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_the_MIR_-_Chile.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_MIR_-_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="256" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Miguel_Enr%C3%ADquez_(politician)" title="Miguel Enríquez (politician)">Miguel Enríquez</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Augusto_Pinochet" title="Augusto Pinochet">Augusto Pinochet</a></b><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Toribio_Merino" title="José Toribio Merino">José Merino</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Leigh" title="Gustavo Leigh">Gustavo Leigh</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Mendoza" title="César Mendoza">César Mendoza</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:100%"> 46 GAP</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-top:1px dotted #aaa;"> 60 in total during the coup</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Condor" title="Operation Condor">Operation Condor</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#d6e7ff;;color: var(--color-base)">Background histories</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Argentina" title="History of Argentina">Argentina</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/1976_Argentine_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1976 Argentine coup d'état">1976 coup d'état</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Bolivia" title="History of Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Brazil" title="History of Brazil">Brazil</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Military_dictatorship_in_Brazil" title="Military dictatorship in Brazil">1960s</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Chile" title="History of Chile">Chile</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a class="mw-selflink selflink">1973 coup d'état</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Paraguay" title="History of Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Peru" title="History of Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Uruguay" title="History of Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#d6e7ff;;color: var(--color-base)">Events</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dirty_War" title="Dirty War">Dirty War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Reorganization_Process" title="National Reorganization Process">National Reorganization Process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Colombo" title="Operation Colombo">Operation Colombo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Charly" title="Operation Charly">Operation Charly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_of_the_Pencils" title="Night of the Pencils">Night of the Pencils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operativo_Independencia" class="mw-redirect" title="Operativo Independencia">Operativo Independencia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezeiza_massacre" title="Ezeiza massacre">Ezeiza massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massacre_of_Margarita_Bel%C3%A9n" class="mw-redirect" title="Massacre of Margarita Belén">Margarita Belén massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_flights" title="Death flights">Death flights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_disappearance" class="mw-redirect" title="Forced disappearance"><i>Desaparecidos</i></a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#d6e7ff;;color: var(--color-base)">Government leaders</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jorge_Anaya" title="Jorge Anaya">Jorge Anaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Banzer" title="Hugo Banzer">Hugo Banzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilio_Lami_Dozo" title="Basilio Lami Dozo">Basilio Lami Dozo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Figueiredo" title="João Figueiredo">João Figueiredo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopoldo_Galtieri" title="Leopoldo Galtieri">Leopoldo Galtieri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augusto_Pinochet" title="Augusto Pinochet">Augusto Pinochet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Stroessner" title="Alfredo Stroessner">Alfredo Stroessner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jorge_Rafael_Videla" title="Jorge Rafael Videla">Jorge Rafael Videla</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#d6e7ff;;color: var(--color-base)">Targeted militias</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Montoneros" title="Montoneros">Montoneros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupamaros" title="Tupamaros">Tupamaros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Revolutionary_Army_(Argentina)" title="People's Revolutionary Army (Argentina)">People's Revolutionary Army (ERP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Left_Movement_(Chile)" title="Revolutionary Left Movement (Chile)">Revolutionary Left Movement (MIR)</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#d6e7ff;;color: var(--color-base)">Principal operatives</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Astiz" title="Alfredo Astiz">Alfredo Astiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orlando_Bosch" title="Orlando Bosch">Orlando Bosch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Campos_Hermida" title="Hugo Campos Hermida">Hugo Campos Hermida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Contreras" title="Manuel Contreras">Manuel Contreras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefano_Delle_Chiaie" title="Stefano Delle Chiaie">Stefano Delle Chiaie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_L%C3%B3pez_Rega" title="José López Rega">José López Rega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgilio_Paz_Romero" title="Virgilio Paz Romero">Virgilio Paz Romero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Posada_Carriles" title="Luis Posada Carriles">Luis Posada Carriles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Sch%C3%A4fer" title="Paul Schäfer">Paul Schäfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Townley" title="Michael Townley">Michael Townley</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed plainlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#d6e7ff;;color: var(--color-base)">Organizations responsible</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direcci%C3%B3n_de_Inteligencia_Nacional" title="Dirección de Inteligencia Nacional">Dirección de Inteligencia Nacional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caravan_of_Death" title="Caravan of Death">Caravan of Death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batall%C3%B3n_de_Inteligencia_601" title="Batallón de Inteligencia 601">Batallón de Inteligencia 601</a></li> <li><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Coordination_of_United_Revolutionary_Organizations" title="Coordination of United Revolutionary Organizations">Coordination of United Revolutionary Organizations</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servi%C3%A7o_Nacional_de_Informa%C3%A7%C3%B5es" class="mw-redirect" title="Serviço Nacional de Informações">Serviço Nacional de Informações</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Anticommunist_Alliance" title="Argentine Anticommunist Alliance">Argentine Anticommunist Alliance</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#d6e7ff;;color: var(--color-base)">Locations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Esmeralda_(BE-43)" class="mw-redirect" title="Esmeralda (BE-43)"><i>Esmeralda</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estadio_Nacional_de_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Estadio Nacional de Chile">Estadio Nacional de Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Grimaldi" title="Villa Grimaldi">Villa Grimaldi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Baviera" class="mw-redirect" title="Villa Baviera">Colonia Dignidad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navy_Petty-Officers_School_of_Mechanics" class="mw-redirect" title="Navy Petty-Officers School of Mechanics">Navy Petty-Officers School of Mechanics</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#d6e7ff;;color: var(--color-base)">Laws</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Full_stop_law" title="Full stop law">Full stop law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Due_Obedience" title="Law of Due Obedience">Due obedience law</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#d6e7ff;;color: var(--color-base)">Archives and reports</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archives_of_Terror" title="Archives of Terror">Archives of Terror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rettig_Report" title="Rettig Report">Rettig Report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valech_Report" title="Valech Report">Valech Report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Archive" title="National Security Archive">National Security Archive</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed plainlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#d6e7ff;;color: var(--color-base)">Reactions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/National_Commission_on_the_Disappearance_of_Persons" title="National Commission on the Disappearance of Persons">National Commission on the Disappearance of Persons</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trial_of_the_Juntas" title="Trial of the Juntas">Trial of the Juntas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indictment_and_arrest_of_Augusto_Pinochet" title="Indictment and arrest of Augusto Pinochet">Indictment and arrest of Augusto Pinochet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mothers_of_the_Plaza_de_Mayo" class="mw-redirect" title="Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo">Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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Iranian coup d'état">1953 Iranian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_Guatemalan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1954 Guatemalan coup d'état">1954 Guatemalan coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIA_activities_in_Syria#Attempted_regime_change,_1956–57" title="CIA activities in Syria">1956–57 Syria crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIA_activities_in_Indonesia#CIA_failed_coup_attempt_of_1958" title="CIA activities in Indonesia">1957–58 Indonesian rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIA_activities_in_Iraq#1959:_Special_Committee_on_Iraq;_Egyptian_covert_actions" title="CIA activities in Iraq">1959</a>–<a href="/wiki/Ramadan_Revolution#U.S._involvement" title="Ramadan Revolution">1963 Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_attempts_on_Fidel_Castro" class="mw-redirect" title="Assassination attempts on Fidel Castro">1959–2000 assassination attempts on Fidel Castro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangkok_Plot" title="Bangkok Plot">1959 Cambodia, Bangkok Plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba#United_States_involvement" title="Patrice Lumumba">1960 Congo coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Pigs_Invasion" title="Bay of Pigs Invasion">1961 Cuba, Bay of Pigs Invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Mongoose" title="Operation Mongoose">1961 Cuba, Operation Mongoose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafael_Trujillo#Assassination" title="Rafael Trujillo">1961 Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_South_Vietnamese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1963 South Vietnamese coup d'état">1963 South Vietnamese coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Brazilian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1964 Brazilian coup d'état">1964 Brazilian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_to_the_New_Order" title="Transition to the New Order">1965–66 Indonesia, Transition to the New Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Liberation_Council#1966_coup" title="National Liberation Council">1966 Ghanaian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Bolivian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1971 Bolivian coup d'état">1971 Bolivian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_intervention_in_Chile#Allende_presidency" title="United States intervention in Chile">1970</a>–<a class="mw-selflink selflink">1973 Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Argentine_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1976 Argentine coup d'état">1976 Argentine coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_Salvadoran_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1979 Salvadoran coup d'état">1979 Salvadoran coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Cyclone" title="Operation Cyclone">1979–1992 Afghanistan, Operation Cyclone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNITA" title="UNITA">1975–1992 Angola, UNITA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contras" title="Contras">1981–1990 Nicaragua, Contras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiss%C3%A8ne_Habr%C3%A9#Support_of_the_U.S._and_France" title="Hissène Habré">1982 Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_invasion_of_Grenada" title="United States invasion of Grenada">1983 Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_invasion_of_Panama" title="United States invasion of Panama">1989–1990 Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIA_activities_in_Iraq#1994" title="CIA activities in Iraq">1990s Iraq, failed coup d'état</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="text-align: left"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">21st century</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_invasion_of_Afghanistan" title="United States invasion of Afghanistan">2001 Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="2003 invasion of Iraq">2003 Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_involvement_in_the_2011_Libyan_Civil_War" title="American involvement in the 2011 Libyan Civil War">2011 Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timber_Sycamore" 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class="sidebar-title"><table><tbody><tr> <td class="sidebar-person-title-image" style="background-color: #002466;color:inherit;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Richard_Nixon_presidential_portrait_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Richard_Nixon_presidential_portrait_%281%29.jpg/75px-Richard_Nixon_presidential_portrait_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Richard_Nixon_presidential_portrait_%281%29.jpg/113px-Richard_Nixon_presidential_portrait_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Richard_Nixon_presidential_portrait_%281%29.jpg/150px-Richard_Nixon_presidential_portrait_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2205" data-file-height="2939" /></a></span></td> <td class="sidebar-person-title" style="background-color: #002466;color: #FFF;"><div><span class="tmp-color" style="color: #FFF">This article is part of <br />a series about</span></div><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: #FFF; text-decoration: inherit;">Richard Nixon</span></a></span></span></td> </tr></tbody></table></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birthplace_of_Richard_Nixon" title="Birthplace of Richard Nixon">Birthplace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Richard_Nixon" title="Electoral history of Richard Nixon">Electoral history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_Richard_Nixon" title="Cultural depictions of Richard Nixon">Depictions</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">Pre-vice presidency</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon#U.S._House_of_Representatives_(1947–1950)" title="Richard Nixon">House of Representatives</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1946_California%27s_12th_congressional_district_election" title="1946 California's 12th congressional district election">1946 election</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon#U.S._Senate_(1950–1953)" title="Richard Nixon">Senate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1950_United_States_Senate_election_in_California" title="1950 United States Senate election in California">1950 election</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Checkers_speech" title="Checkers speech">Checkers speech</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">36th Vice President of the United States</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower">Eisenhower administration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="First inauguration of Dwight D. Eisenhower">1st inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Second inauguration of Dwight D. Eisenhower">2nd inauguration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Richard_Nixon%27s_motorcade" title="Attack on Richard Nixon's motorcade">Motorcade attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitchen_Debate" title="Kitchen Debate">Kitchen Debate</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">Post-vice presidency</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1962_California_gubernatorial_election" title="1962 California gubernatorial election">1962 California gubernatorial bid</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon%27s_November_1962_press_conference" title="Richard Nixon's November 1962 press conference">"Last press conference"</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">37th President of the United States</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Richard_Nixon" title="Presidency of Richard Nixon">Presidency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Richard_Nixon_presidency" title="Timeline of the Richard Nixon presidency">Timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Richard_Nixon" title="Presidential transition of Richard Nixon">Transition</a></li> <li>Inaugurations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Richard_Nixon" title="First inauguration of Richard Nixon">first</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Richard_Nixon" title="Second inauguration of Richard Nixon">second</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">Judicial appointments</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Richard_Nixon" title="List of federal judges appointed by Richard Nixon">Appointed federal judges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon_Supreme_Court_candidates" title="Richard Nixon Supreme Court candidates">Supreme Court candidates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon_judicial_appointment_controversies" title="Richard Nixon judicial appointment controversies">Appointment controversies</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">Policies</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nixonomics" title="Nixonomics">Economic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nixon_shock" title="Nixon shock">Nixon shock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Richard_Nixon_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Richard Nixon administration">Foreign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Richard_Nixon#List_of_international_trips" title="Presidency of Richard Nixon">International trips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nixon_Doctrine" title="Nixon Doctrine">Nixon Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamization" title="Vietnamization">Vietnamization</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Environmental_Policy_Act" title="National Environmental Policy Act">Environmental</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="United States Environmental Protection Agency">EPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clean_Water_Act" title="Clean Water Act">Clean Water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">NOAA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legacy_of_Parks" title="Legacy of Parks">Legacy of Parks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_policy_of_the_Richard_Nixon_administration" title="Cannabis policy of the Richard Nixon administration">Cannabis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_on_drugs" title="War on drugs">war on drugs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_policy_of_the_Richard_Nixon_administration" title="Native American policy of the Richard Nixon administration">Native American</a></li></ul></div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">First term</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_the_United_States#End_of_conscription" title="Conscription in the United States">End of the draft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_visit_by_Richard_Nixon_to_China" title="1972 visit by Richard Nixon to China">Visit to China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Ballistic_Missile_Treaty" title="Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty">Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_on_cancer" title="War on cancer">War on cancer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revised_Philadelphia_Plan" title="Revised Philadelphia Plan">Philadelphia Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_Business_Development_Agency" title="Minority Business Development Agency">Minority Business Enterprise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_Safety_and_Health_Administration" title="Occupational Safety and Health Administration">OSHA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_program" title="Apollo program">Apollo program</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">Second term</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Peace_Accords" title="Paris Peace Accords">Paris Peace Accords</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Decent_interval" title="Decent interval">decent interval</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1973 Chilean coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War" title="Yom Kippur War">Yom Kippur War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Nickel_Grass" title="Operation Nickel Grass">airlift</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Middle_East_peace_proposals" title="List of Middle East peace proposals">Mideast Peace Process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Mammal_Protection_Act" title="Marine Mammal Protection Act">Marine Mammal Protection Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endangered_Species_Act_of_1973" title="Endangered Species Act of 1973">Endangered Species Act</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Impeachment_process_against_Richard_Nixon" title="Impeachment process against Richard Nixon">Impeachment process</a></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Watergate_scandal" title="Watergate scandal">Watergate scandal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Watergate_scandal" title="Timeline of the Watergate scandal">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nixon_White_House_tapes" title="Nixon White House tapes">Tapes</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Nixon" title="United States v. Nixon">United States v. Nixon</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon%27s_resignation_speech" title="Richard Nixon's resignation speech">Resignation speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pardon_of_Richard_Nixon" title="Pardon of Richard Nixon">Pardon</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">Post-presidency</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nixon_interviews" title="Nixon interviews">Nixon interviews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon_Foundation" title="Richard Nixon Foundation">Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon_Presidential_Library_and_Museum" title="Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum">Presidential Library and Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_the_National_Interest" title="Center for the National Interest">Center for the National Interest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Richard_Nixon" title="Bibliography of Richard Nixon">Bibliography</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Six_Crises" title="Six Crises">Six Crises</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Richard_Nixon" title="Death and state funeral of Richard Nixon">Death and state funeral</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">Presidential campaigns</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon_1960_presidential_campaign" title="Richard Nixon 1960 presidential campaign">1960</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_presidential_election" title="1960 United States presidential election">election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1960 Republican Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Republican_National_Convention" title="1960 Republican National Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_presidential_debates" title="1960 United States presidential debates">debates</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon_1968_presidential_campaign" title="Richard Nixon 1968 presidential campaign">1968</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election" title="1968 United States presidential election">election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1968 Republican Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Republican_National_Convention" title="1968 Republican National Convention">convention</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Bring_Us_Together" title="Bring Us Together">Bring Us Together</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon_1972_presidential_campaign" title="Richard Nixon 1972 presidential campaign">1972</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1972_United_States_presidential_election" title="1972 United States presidential election">election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1972 Republican Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Republican_National_Convention" title="1972 Republican National Convention">convention</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">Vice presidential campaigns</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li>1952 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1952_Republican_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="1952 Republican Party vice presidential candidate selection">selection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Republican_National_Convention" title="1952 Republican National Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_United_States_presidential_election" title="1952 United States presidential election">election</a></li></ul></li> <li>1956 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1956_Republican_National_Convention" title="1956 Republican National Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_United_States_presidential_election" title="1956 United States presidential election">election</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="skin-invert-image"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon's signature"><img alt="Richard Nixon's signature" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Richard_Nixon_Signature.svg/150px-Richard_Nixon_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Richard_Nixon_Signature.svg/225px-Richard_Nixon_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Richard_Nixon_Signature.svg/300px-Richard_Nixon_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="507" data-file-height="109" /></a></span></div> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Seal of the President of the United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/70px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/105px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/140px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2424" data-file-height="2425" /></span></span></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Richard_Nixon_series" title="Template:Richard Nixon series"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Richard_Nixon_series" title="Template talk:Richard Nixon series"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Richard_Nixon_series" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Richard Nixon series"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>1973 Chilean coup d'état</b> (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i lang="es">Golpe de Estado en Chile de 1973</i>) was a <a href="/wiki/Military_overthrow" class="mw-redirect" title="Military overthrow">military overthrow</a> of the democratic socialist <a href="/wiki/President_of_Chile" title="President of Chile">president of Chile</a> <a href="/wiki/Salvador_Allende" title="Salvador Allende">Salvador Allende</a> and his <a href="/wiki/Popular_Unity_(Chile)" title="Popular Unity (Chile)">Popular Unity</a> coalition government.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Busky_2000,_pp._195–196_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Busky_2000,_pp._195–196-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Allende, who has been described as the first <a href="/wiki/Marxist" class="mw-redirect" title="Marxist">Marxist</a> to be democratically elected president in a Latin American <a href="/wiki/Liberal_democracy" title="Liberal democracy">liberal democracy</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> faced significant social unrest, political tension with the opposition-controlled <a href="/wiki/National_Congress_of_Chile" title="National Congress of Chile">National Congress of Chile</a>. On 11 September 1973, a group of military officers, led by General <a href="/wiki/Augusto_Pinochet" title="Augusto Pinochet">Augusto Pinochet</a>, seized power in a coup, ending civilian rule. </p><p>Following the coup, a <a href="/wiki/Military_junta" title="Military junta">military junta</a> was established, and suspended all political activities in Chile and suppressed left-wing movements, particularly <a href="/wiki/Communist" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist">communist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Socialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist">socialist</a> parties, such as the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Chile" title="Communist Party of Chile">Communist Party of Chile</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Chile" title="Socialist Party of Chile">Socialist Party of Chile</a>, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Left_Movement_(Chile)" title="Revolutionary Left Movement (Chile)">Revolutionary Left Movement</a> (MIR). Pinochet swiftly consolidated power and was officially declared president of Chile in late 1974.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Nixon_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Nixon administration">Nixon administration</a>, which had played a role in creating favorable conditions for the coup,<sup id="cite_ref-Winn_2010_270-271_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winn_2010_270-271-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> promptly recognized the junta government and supported its efforts to consolidate power.<sup id="cite_ref-NSA-2000-9-19_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NSA-2000-9-19-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the air raids and ground attacks preceding the coup, Allende delivered his final speech, expressing his determination to remain at <a href="/wiki/Palacio_de_La_Moneda_(Chile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Palacio de La Moneda (Chile)">Palacio de La Moneda</a> and rejecting offers of safe passage for exile.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although he died in the palace,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the exact circumstances of <a href="/wiki/Death_of_Salvador_Allende" title="Death of Salvador Allende">Allende's death</a> are still disputed.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2023, declassified documents showed that Nixon, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Henry Kissinger</a>, and the United States government, which had described Allende as a dangerous communist,<sup id="cite_ref-Busky_2000,_pp._195–196_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Busky_2000,_pp._195–196-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> were aware of the military's plans to overthrow Allende in the days before the coup d'état.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chile had previously been regarded as a symbol of democracy and political stability in South America, while other countries in the region suffered under military juntas and <i><a href="/wiki/Caudillismo" class="mw-redirect" title="Caudillismo">caudillismo</a></i>; the Chilean period prior to the coup is known as the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Republic_(1925%E2%80%931973)" title="Presidential Republic (1925–1973)">Presidential Republic (1925–1973)</a> era. At the time, Chile was a middle-class country,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with about 30% or 9 million Chileans being middle class.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The collapse of Chilean democracy marked the end of a series of democratic governments that had held elections since 1932.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historian <a href="/wiki/Peter_Winn" title="Peter Winn">Peter Winn</a> described the 1973 coup as one of the most violent events in Chilean history.<sup id="cite_ref-Winn_2010_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winn_2010-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The coup led to a series of <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_abuses_in_Chile_under_Pinochet" class="mw-redirect" title="Human rights abuses in Chile under Pinochet">human rights abuses in Chile under Pinochet</a>, who initiated a brutal and long-lasting campaign of <a href="/wiki/Political_suppression" class="mw-redirect" title="Political suppression">political suppression</a> through torture, murder, and exile, which significantly weakened leftist opposition to the <a href="/wiki/Military_dictatorship_of_Chile" title="Military dictatorship of Chile">military dictatorship of Chile</a> (1973–1990).<sup id="cite_ref-nsaebb33_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nsaebb33-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-torture_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-torture-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The internationally supported <a href="/wiki/1989_Chilean_constitutional_referendum" title="1989 Chilean constitutional referendum">1989 Chilean constitutional referendum</a> held under the military junta led to the peaceful <a href="/wiki/Chilean_transition_to_democracy" title="Chilean transition to democracy">Chilean transition to democracy</a>. Due to the coup's coincidental occurrence on the same date as the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">11 September 2001 attacks</a> in the United States, it has sometimes been referred to as "the other 9/11".<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_background">Political background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1973_Chilean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Political background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard plainlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="sidebar-pretitle" style="margin: -0.2em 0; font-size:69%; font-weight:normal;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Chile" title="Category:History of Chile">a series</a> on the</div></th> </tr><tr> <th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style=""><a href="/wiki/History_of_Chile" title="History of Chile">History of <span class="fn org label">Chile</span></a></th> </tr><tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.4em; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Atlas_Van_der_Hagen-KW1049B13_089-CHILI.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chili, from Atlas Van der Hagen"><img alt="Chili, from Atlas Van der Hagen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Atlas_Van_der_Hagen-KW1049B13_089-CHILI.jpeg/150px-Atlas_Van_der_Hagen-KW1049B13_089-CHILI.jpeg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Atlas_Van_der_Hagen-KW1049B13_089-CHILI.jpeg/225px-Atlas_Van_der_Hagen-KW1049B13_089-CHILI.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Atlas_Van_der_Hagen-KW1049B13_089-CHILI.jpeg/300px-Atlas_Van_der_Hagen-KW1049B13_089-CHILI.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="5500" data-file-height="4159" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid;"> <b><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Chilean_history" title="Timeline of Chilean history">Timeline</a></b> • <b><a href="/wiki/List_of_years_in_Chile" title="List of years in Chile">Years in Chile</a></b></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee;padding-left:0.5em;;color: var(--color-base)">Early history</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monte_Verde" title="Monte Verde">Monte Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origin_of_the_Mapuche" title="Origin of the Mapuche">Origin of the Mapuche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapuche_history" title="Mapuche history">Early Mapuches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incas_in_Central_Chile" title="Incas in Central Chile">Incas in Chile</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee;padding-left:0.5em;;color: var(--color-base)">Colonial times</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Chile" title="Conquest of Chile">Spanish conquest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_Chile" title="Colonial Chile">Colonial Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Chile" title="Captaincy General of Chile">Captaincy General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arauco_War" title="Arauco War">Arauco War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_the_Seven_Cities" title="Destruction of the Seven Cities">Destruction of the Seven Cities</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee;padding-left:0.5em;;color: var(--color-base)">Nation-building</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patria_Vieja" class="mw-redirect" title="Patria Vieja">Patria Vieja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_War_of_Independence" title="Chilean War of Independence">War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconquest_(Chile)" title="Reconquest (Chile)">Reconquest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patria_Nueva_(Chile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Patria Nueva (Chile)">Patria Nueva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_Civil_War_of_1829%E2%80%931830" title="Chilean Civil War of 1829–1830"> Civil war (1829–1830)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Confederation" title="War of the Confederation">War of the Confederation</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee;padding-left:0.5em;;color: var(--color-base)">Republican period</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Republic" title="Conservative Republic">Conservative Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_colonization_of_the_Strait_of_Magellan" class="mw-redirect" title="Chilean colonization of the Strait of Magellan">Colonization of the Strait of Magellan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Republic" title="Liberal Republic">Liberal Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Araucan%C3%ADa" title="Occupation of Araucanía">Occupation of Araucanía</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Pacific" title="War of the Pacific">War of the Pacific</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee;padding-left:0.5em;;color: var(--color-base)">Parliamentary period</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_Civil_War_of_1891" title="Chilean Civil War of 1891">1891 Chilean Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Chile_during_the_Parliamentary_Era_(1891-1925)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Chile during the Parliamentary Era (1891-1925)">Parliamentary Republic</a></li> <li>1924 coup d'état</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee;padding-left:0.5em;;color: var(--color-base)">Presidential period</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1925_Chilean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1925 Chilean coup d'état">1925 coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Republic_(1925-1973)" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidential Republic (1925-1973)">Presidential Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Governments_of_Chile" title="Radical Governments of Chile">Radical governments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Salvador_Allende" title="Presidency of Salvador Allende">Allende and UP era</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee;padding-left:0.5em;;color: var(--color-base)">Pinochet regime</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1973 coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_government_of_Chile_(1973%E2%80%931990)" class="mw-redirect" title="Military government of Chile (1973–1990)">Military dictatorship</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee;padding-left:0.5em;;color: var(--color-base)">Contemporary</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_transition_to_democracy" title="Chilean transition to democracy">Transition to democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011%E2%80%9313_Chilean_student_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2011–13 Chilean student protests">Student protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapuche_conflict" title="Mapuche conflict">Mapuche conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_Chilean_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2019–20 Chilean protests">Social Outburst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Chile" title="Politics of Chile">Politics of Chile</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee;padding-left:0.5em;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_agriculture_in_Chile" title="History of agriculture in Chile">Agriculture history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Chile" title="Economic history of Chile">Economic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_history_in_Chile" title="LGBT history in Chile">LGBT history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_history_of_Chile" title="Maritime history of Chile">Maritime history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_mining_in_Chile" title="History of mining in Chile">Mining history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Chile" title="List of wars involving Chile">Chilean wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chilean_coups_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="List of Chilean coups d'état">Chilean coups d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_major_political_scandals_in_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="List of major political scandals in Chile">Political scandals</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><i><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/16px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/24px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/32px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Chile" title="Portal:Chile">Chile portal</a></i></li><li><i><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/16px-P_history.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/24px-P_history.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/32px-P_history.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:History" title="Portal:History">History portal</a></i></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_Chile" title="Template:History of Chile"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_Chile" title="Template talk:History of Chile"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_Chile" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of Chile"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Salvador_Allende" title="Presidency of Salvador Allende">Presidency of Salvador Allende</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Chile_truckers%27_strike" title="Chile truckers' strike">Chile truckers' strike</a></div> <p>Allende contested the <a href="/wiki/1970_Chilean_presidential_election" title="1970 Chilean presidential election">1970 Chilean presidential election</a> with <a href="/wiki/Jorge_Alessandri" title="Jorge Alessandri">Jorge Alessandri Rodríguez</a> of the <a href="/wiki/National_Party_(Chile,_1966)" title="National Party (Chile, 1966)">National Party</a> and <a href="/wiki/Radomiro_Tomic" title="Radomiro Tomic">Radomiro Tomic</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Party_(Chile)" title="Christian Democratic Party (Chile)">Christian Democratic Party</a>. Allende received 36.6% of the vote, while Alessandri was a very close second with 35.3%, and Tomic third with 28.1%,<sup id="cite_ref-Jobet_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jobet-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in what was a close three-way election.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although Allende received the highest number of votes, according to the Chilean constitution and since none of the candidates won by an absolute majority, the National Congress had to decide among the candidates.<sup id="cite_ref-N1_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N1-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Chilean_Constitution_of_1925" title="Chilean Constitution of 1925">Chilean Constitution of 1925</a> did not allow a person to be president for consecutive terms. The incumbent president, <a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Frei_Montalva" title="Eduardo Frei Montalva">Eduardo Frei Montalva</a>, was therefore ineligible as a candidate. The <a href="/wiki/CIA" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA">CIA</a>'s "Track I" operation was a plan to influence the Congress to choose Alessandri, who would resign after a short time in office, forcing a second election. Frei would then be eligible to run.<sup id="cite_ref-cia_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alessandri announced on 9 September that if Congress chose him, he would resign. Allende signed a Statute of Constitutional Guarantees, which stated that he would follow the constitution during his presidency trying to shore up support for his candidacy. Congress then decided on Allende.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The U.S. feared the example of a "well-functioning socialist experiment" in the region and exerted diplomatic, economic, and covert pressure upon Chile's elected socialist government.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CIA_website_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA_website-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the end of 1971, the Cuban Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Fidel_Castro" title="Fidel Castro">Fidel Castro</a> made <a href="/wiki/Fidel_Castro%27s_state_visit_to_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Fidel Castro's state visit to Chile">a four-week state visit to Chile</a>, alarming American observers worried about the "Chilean Way to Socialism".<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1972, Economics Minister <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Vuskovic" title="Pedro Vuskovic">Pedro Vuskovic</a> adopted <a href="/wiki/Monetary" class="mw-redirect" title="Monetary">monetary</a> policies that increased the amount of circulating currency and devalued the <a href="/wiki/Chilean_escudo" title="Chilean escudo">escudo</a>, which increased inflation to 140 percent in 1972 and engendered a <a href="/wiki/Black_market" title="Black market">black market</a> economy.<sup id="cite_ref-Tercera_Problemas_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tercera_Problemas-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 1972, Chile suffered the first of many strikes. Among the participants were small-scale businessmen, some professional unions, and student groups. Its leaders – Vilarín, <a href="/wiki/Jaime_Guzm%C3%A1n" title="Jaime Guzmán">Jaime Guzmán</a>, Rafael Cumsille, Guillermo Elton, Eduardo Arriagada – expected to depose the elected government. Other than damaging the national economy, the principal effect of the 24-day strike was drawing Army head, General <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Prats" title="Carlos Prats">Carlos Prats</a>, into the government as Interior Minister, an appeasement to the right wing.<sup id="cite_ref-Tercera_Problemas_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tercera_Problemas-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This replaced General <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Schneider" title="René Schneider">René Schneider</a>, who had been assassinated (Schneider had been shot on 22 October 1970 by a group led by General <a href="/wiki/Roberto_Viaux" title="Roberto Viaux">Roberto Viaux</a>, whom the <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a> had not attempted to discourage, and died three days later.) General Prats supported the legalist <a href="/wiki/Schneider_Doctrine" title="Schneider Doctrine">Schneider Doctrine</a> and refused military involvement in a <a href="/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Coup d'état">coup d'état</a> against President Allende.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite the declining economy, President Allende's <a href="/wiki/Popular_Unity_(Chile)" title="Popular Unity (Chile)">Popular Unity</a> coalition increased its vote to 43.2% in the <a href="/wiki/1973_Chilean_parliamentary_election" title="1973 Chilean parliamentary election">March 1973 parliamentary elections</a>; but, by then, the informal alliance between Popular Unity and the Christian Democrats ended.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Christian Democrats allied with the right-wing National Party, who were opposed to Allende's government; the two right-wing parties formed the <a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_Democracy" title="Confederation of Democracy">Confederation of Democracy</a> (CODE). The internecine parliamentary conflict between the legislature and the executive branch paralyzed the activities of government.<sup id="cite_ref-Se_desata_la_crisis_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Se_desata_la_crisis-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Allende began to fear his opponents, convinced they were plotting his assassination. Using his daughter <a href="/wiki/Beatriz_Allende" title="Beatriz Allende">Beatriz</a> as a messenger, he explained the situation to <a href="/wiki/Fidel_Castro" title="Fidel Castro">Fidel Castro</a>. Castro gave four pieces of advice: convince technicians to stay in Chile, sell only copper for US dollars, do not engage in extreme revolutionary acts which would give opponents an excuse to wreck or seize control of the economy, and maintain a proper relationship with the Chilean military until local militias could be established and consolidated. Allende attempted to follow Castro's advice, but the latter two recommendations proved difficult.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chilean_military_prior_to_the_coup">Chilean military prior to the coup</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1973_Chilean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Chilean military prior to the coup"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prior to the coup, the Chilean military had undergone a process of de-politicization since the 1920s, when military officers had held cabinet positions. Subsequently, most military officers remained under-funded, having only subsistence salaries. Because of the low salaries, the military spent much time in military leisure-time facilities (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Country_club" title="Country club">country clubs</a>) where they met other officers and their families. The military remained apart from society and was to some degree an <a href="/wiki/Endogamy" title="Endogamy">endogamous</a> group as officers frequently married the sisters of their comrades or the daughters of high-ranked older officers. Many officers also had relatives in the military.<sup id="cite_ref-privada_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-privada-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1969, elements of the military made their first act of rebellion in 40 years when they participated in the <a href="/wiki/Tacnazo_insurrection" title="Tacnazo insurrection">Tacnazo insurrection</a>. The Tacnazo was not a proper coup, but a protest against under-funding.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In retrospect General <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Prats" title="Carlos Prats">Carlos Prats</a> considered that <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Party_(Chile)" title="Christian Democratic Party (Chile)">Christian Democrats</a> who were in power in 1969 committed the error of not taking the military's grievances seriously.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Throughout the 1960s, the governments of <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a> (<a href="/wiki/1963_Ecuadorian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1963 Ecuadorian coup d'état">1963</a>), <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> (<a href="/wiki/1964_Brazilian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1964 Brazilian coup d'état">1964</a>), <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a> (<a href="/wiki/Argentine_Revolution" title="Argentine Revolution">1966</a>), <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> (<a href="/wiki/1968_Peruvian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1968 Peruvian coup d'état">1968</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a> (<a href="/wiki/1969_Bolivian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1969 Bolivian coup d'état">1969</a>) were overthrown and replaced by military governments.<sup id="cite_ref-Gonzalez35_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gonzalez35-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 1973, Uruguay <a href="/wiki/1973_Uruguayan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1973 Uruguayan coup d'état">joined</a> the coup d'état wave that swept through the region.<sup id="cite_ref-estado_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-estado-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The poor conditions of the Chilean military contrasted with the change of fortune the military of neighboring countries experienced as they came to power in coups.<sup id="cite_ref-Gonzalez35_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gonzalez35-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the decades prior to the coup, the military became influenced by the United States' <a href="/wiki/Anti-communist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-communist">anti-communist</a> <a href="/wiki/Ideology" title="Ideology">ideology</a> in the context of various cooperation programs, including the <a href="/wiki/Western_Hemisphere_Institute_for_Security_Cooperation" title="Western Hemisphere Institute for Security Cooperation">U.S. Army School of the Americas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-privada_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-privada-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Crisis">Crisis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1973_Chilean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Crisis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Tanquetazo" title="Tanquetazo">Tanquetazo</a></div> <p>On 29 June 1973, Colonel <a href="/wiki/Roberto_Souper" class="mw-redirect" title="Roberto Souper">Roberto Souper</a> surrounded La Moneda presidential palace with his tank regiment and failed to depose the Allende Government.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That failed <i>coup d'état</i> – known as the <i>Tanquetazo</i> tank putsch – had been organized by the nationalist "<a href="/wiki/Fatherland_and_Liberty" title="Fatherland and Liberty">Fatherland and Liberty</a>" paramilitary group. </p><p>In August 1973, a constitutional crisis occurred; the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Chile" title="Supreme Court of Chile">Supreme Court</a> publicly complained about the government's inability to enforce the law of the land. On 22 August, the Christian Democrats united with the National Party of the Chamber of Deputies accused the government of unconstitutional acts and called upon the military to enforce constitutional order.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Se_desata_la_crisis_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Se_desata_la_crisis-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For months, the government had feared calling upon the <i><a href="/wiki/Carabineros_de_Chile" title="Carabineros de Chile">Carabineros</a></i> national police, suspecting them of disloyalty. On 9 August, Allende appointed General Carlos Prats as Minister of Defense. He was forced to resign both as defense minister and as the Army commander-in-chief on 24 August 1973, embarrassed by the <a href="/wiki/Alejandrina_Cox_incident" title="Alejandrina Cox incident">Alejandrina Cox incident</a> and a public protest of the wives of his generals at his house. General Augusto Pinochet replaced him as Army commander-in-chief the same day.<sup id="cite_ref-Se_desata_la_crisis_47-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Se_desata_la_crisis-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In late August 1973, 100,000<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Disputed_statement" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Disputed statement"><span title="This claim has reliable sources with contradicting facts (September 2013)">disputed</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:1973_Chilean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Talk:1973 Chilean coup d'état">discuss</a></i>]</sup> Chilean women congregated at Plaza de la Constitución to protest against the government for the rising cost and increasing shortages of food and fuels, but they were dispersed with tear gas.<sup id="cite_ref-Dream_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dream-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Resolution_by_the_Chamber_of_Deputies">Resolution by the Chamber of Deputies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1973_Chilean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Resolution by the Chamber of Deputies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 23 August 1973, with the support of the Christian Democrats and National Party members, the Chamber of Deputies passed 81–47 a resolution that asked "the President of the Republic, Ministers of State, and members of the Armed and Police Forces" to "put an immediate end" to "breach[es of] the Constitution . . . with the goal of redirecting government activity toward the path of Law and ensuring the Constitutional order of our Nation, and the essential underpinnings of democratic co-existence among Chileans".<sup id="cite_ref-Resolution_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Resolution-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The resolution declared that the Allende government sought "to conquer absolute power with the obvious purpose of subjecting all citizens to the strictest political and economic control by the state ... [with] the goal of establishing a totalitarian system", claiming it had made "violations of the Constitution ... a permanent system of conduct". Essentially, most of the accusations were about the government disregarding the separation of powers, and arrogating legislative and judicial prerogatives to the executive branch of government. Finally, the resolution condemned the "creation and development of government-protected armed groups, which ... are headed towards a confrontation with the armed forces". President Allende's efforts to re-organize the military and the police forces were characterised as "notorious attempts to use the armed and police forces for partisan ends, destroy their institutional hierarchy, and politically infiltrate their ranks".<sup id="cite_ref-Resolution_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Resolution-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It can be argued that the resolution called upon the armed forces to overthrow the government if it did not comply,<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as follows: "To present the President of the Republic, Ministers of State, and members of the Armed and Police Forces with the grave breakdown of the legal and constitutional order ... it is their duty to put an immediate end to all situations herein referred to that breach the Constitution and the laws of the land with the aim of redirecting government activity toward the path of Law".<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The resolution was later used by Pinochet a way to justify the coup, which occurred two weeks later.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Salvador_Allende's_response"><span id="Salvador_Allende.27s_response"></span>Salvador Allende's response</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1973_Chilean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Salvador Allende's response"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 24 August 1973, two days after the resolution, Allende responded. He accused the opposition of trying to incite a military coup by encouraging the armed forces to disobey civilian authorities.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He described the Congress's declaration as "destined to damage the country's prestige abroad and create internal confusion", and predicted: "It will facilitate the seditious intention of certain sectors." He observed that the declaration (passed 81–47 in the Chamber of Deputies) had not obtained the two-thirds Senate majority "constitutionally required" to convict the president of <a href="/wiki/Abuse_of_power" title="Abuse of power">abuse of power</a>, thus the Congress was "invoking the intervention of the armed forces and of Order against a democratically elected government" and "subordinat[ing] political representation of national sovereignty to the armed institutions, which neither can nor ought to assume either political functions or the representation of the popular will."<sup id="cite_ref-La_respuesta_del_Presidente_Allende_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-La_respuesta_del_Presidente_Allende-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Allende argued that he had obeyed constitutional means for including military men to the cabinet at the service of civic peace and national security, defending republican institutions against insurrection and terrorism. In contrast, he said that Congress was promoting a coup d'état or a civil war with a declaration full of affirmations that had already been refuted beforehand and which in substance and process (directly handing it to the ministers rather than directly handing it to the president) violated a dozen articles of the then-current constitution. He further argued that the legislature was usurping the government's executive function.<sup id="cite_ref-La_respuesta_del_Presidente_Allende_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-La_respuesta_del_Presidente_Allende-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Allende wrote: "Chilean democracy is a conquest by all of the people. It is neither the work nor the gift of the exploiting classes, and it will be defended by those who, with sacrifices accumulated over generations, have imposed it ... With a tranquil conscience ... I sustain that never before has Chile had a more democratic government than that over which I have the honor to preside ... I solemnly reiterate my decision to develop democracy and a state of law to their ultimate consequences...Congress has made itself a bastion against the transformations ... and has done everything it can to perturb the functioning of the finances and of the institutions, sterilizing all creative initiatives." Adding that economic and political means would be needed to relieve the country's current crisis, and that the Congress was obstructing said means; having already paralyzed the state, they sought to destroy it. He concluded by calling upon the workers and all democrats and patriots to join him in defending the Chilean constitution and the revolutionary process.<sup id="cite_ref-La_respuesta_del_Presidente_Allende_62-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-La_respuesta_del_Presidente_Allende-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Preparations">Preparations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1973_Chilean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Preparations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In mid-July, a month before the resolution of the Chamber of Deputies, there was general agreement in the heart of the Army's high command on the desirability of terminating the Unidad Popular "experiment." How to do it was still nebulous. The constitutional generals, gathered around Army Commander-in-Chief General <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Prats" title="Carlos Prats">Carlos Prats</a>, were facing pressure from an increasingly hardline anti-Allende faction within the Army. Prats had coined the idea of an Allende–Armed Forces government, including a "political peace treaty" with the Christian Democrats and restricted participation of the Chilean Communist party and a group of Socialists. Prats argued that "only thus will we prevent the extremist workers from rebelling." This idea had the support of Generals Joaquin Lagos Osorio, Herman Brady Roche, Washington Carrasco Fernandez, Hector Bravo Munoz, Mario Sepulveda Squella, Guillermo Pickering, and Orlando Urbina Herrera, but with variations. While Lagos Osorio and Urbina Herrera did not object to the Prats plan, the other five generals thought the Allende–Armed Forces government ought to be "transitional" and of "short duration," to prepare conditions for a "purely military government including the military police." The hardline faction, consisting of Generals Oscar Bonilla, <a href="/wiki/Sergio_Arellano_Stark" title="Sergio Arellano Stark">Sergio Arellano Stark</a>, and Javier Palacios formed another group, joined by <a href="/wiki/Augusto_Pinochet" title="Augusto Pinochet">Augusto Pinochet</a>, which posited that the Allende–Armed Forces phase was not necessary.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the day of the coup, the only high-ranking military officers to remain loyal to <a href="/wiki/Chilean_Constitution_of_1925" title="Chilean Constitution of 1925">Chile's Constitution</a> were Admiral Montero of the Navy and General Sepúlveda of the Carabineros.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="American_involvement">American involvement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1973_Chilean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: American involvement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/U.S._intervention_in_Chile#1973_coup" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. intervention in Chile">U.S. intervention in Chile § 1973 coup</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:25%; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>"Like <a href="/wiki/Caesar_(title)" title="Caesar (title)">Caesar</a> peering into the colonies from distant Rome, Nixon said the choice of government by the Chileans was unacceptable to the president of the United States. The attitude in the White House seemed to be, "If in the wake of Vietnam I can no longer send in the Marines, then I will send in the CIA."—Senator <a href="/wiki/Frank_Church" title="Frank Church">Frank Church</a>, 1976<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> </div><p> Many people in different parts of the world immediately suspected the U.S. of foul play. In early newspaper reports, the U.S. denied any involvement or previous knowledge of the coup.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prompted by an incriminating <i>New York Times</i> article, the U.S. Senate opened an investigation into U.S. interference in Chile.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A report prepared by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Intelligence_Community" title="United States Intelligence Community">United States Intelligence Community</a> in 2000, at the direction of the <a href="/wiki/National_Intelligence_Council" title="National Intelligence Council">National Intelligence Council</a>, that echoed the <a href="/wiki/Church_committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Church committee">Church committee</a>, states that: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Although CIA did not instigate the coup that ended Allende's government on 11 September 1973, it was aware of coup-plotting by the military, had ongoing intelligence collection relationships with some plotters, and—because CIA did not discourage the takeover and had sought to instigate a coup in 1970—probably appeared to condone it.</p></blockquote><p> The report stated that the CIA "actively supported the military Junta after the overthrow of Allende but did not assist Pinochet to assume the Presidency."<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After a review of recordings of telephone conversations between Nixon and <a href="/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Henry Kissinger</a>, Robert Dallek concluded that both of them used the CIA to actively destabilize the Allende government. In one particular conversation about the news of Allende's overthrow, Kissinger complained about the lack of recognition of the American role in the overthrow of a "communist" government, upon which Nixon remarked, "Well, we didn't – as you know – our hand doesn't show on this one."<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A later CIA report contended that US agents maintained close ties with the Chilean military to collect intelligence but no effort was made to assist them and "under no circumstances attempted to influence them."<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_2000_12_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA_2000_12-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"></p><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:25%; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>Since Allende’s inauguration, U.S. policy has been to maintain maximum covert pressure to prevent the Allende regime’s consolidation. — <a href="/wiki/William_Colby" title="William Colby">William Colby</a>, September 16, 1973, in a memorandum to <a href="/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Henry Kissinger</a><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> </div> <p>Historian <a href="/wiki/Peter_Winn" title="Peter Winn">Peter Winn</a> found "extensive evidence" of United States complicity in the coup. He states that its covert support was crucial to engineering the coup, as well as for the consolidation of power by the Pinochet regime following the takeover. Winn documents an extensive CIA operation to fabricate reports of a coup against Allende, as justification for the imposition of military rule.<sup id="cite_ref-Winn_2010_270-271_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winn_2010_270-271-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Peter Kornbluh asserts that the CIA destabilized Chile and helped create the conditions for the coup, citing documents declassified by the <a href="/wiki/Clinton_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Clinton administration">Clinton administration</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Pinochet_File_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Pinochet_File-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other authors point to the involvement of the <a href="/wiki/Defense_Intelligence_Agency" title="Defense Intelligence Agency">Defense Intelligence Agency</a>, agents of which allegedly secured the missiles used to bombard the <a href="/wiki/La_Moneda_Palace" title="La Moneda Palace">La Moneda Palace</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The U.S. Government's hostility to the election of Allende in 1970 in Chile was substantiated in documents declassified during the Clinton administration, which show that CIA covert operatives were inserted in Chile in order to prevent a Marxist government from arising and for the purpose of spreading anti-Allende propaganda.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As described in the Church Committee report, the CIA was involved in multiple plots designed to remove Allende and then let the Chileans vote in a new election where he would not be a candidate. The first, non-military, approach involved attempting a constitutional coup. This was known as the <a href="/wiki/United_States_intervention_in_Chile#Track_I" title="United States intervention in Chile">Track I</a> approach, in which the CIA, with the approval of the <a href="/wiki/40_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="40 Committee">40 Committee</a>, attempted to bribe the Chilean legislature, tried to influence public opinion against Allende, and provided funding to strikes designed to coerce him into resigning. It also attempted to get congress to confirm <a href="/wiki/Jorge_Alessandri" title="Jorge Alessandri">Jorge Alessandri</a> as the winner of the presidential election. Alessandri, who was an accessory to the conspiracy, was ready to then resign and call for fresh elections. This approach completely failed in 1970 and was not attempted again. </p><p>The other approach of the CIA in 1970 (but not later), also known as the <a href="/wiki/United_States_intervention_in_Chile#Track_II" title="United States intervention in Chile">Track II</a> approach, was an attempt to encourage a military coup by creating a climate of crisis across the country. A CIA telegram sent to the Chile station on 16 October 1970 stated: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>It is firm and continuing policy that Allende be overthrown by a coup. It would be much preferable to have this transpire prior to 24 October but efforts in this regard will continue vigorously beyond this date. We are to continue to generate maximum pressure toward this end utilizing every appropriate resource. It is imperative that these actions be implemented clandestinely and securely so that the USG and American hand be well hidden."<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p><a href="/wiki/False_flag" title="False flag">False flag</a> operatives contacted senior Chilean military officers and informed them that the U.S. would actively support a coup, but would revoke all military aid if such a coup did not happen.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Pinochet_File_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Pinochet_File-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, the CIA gave extensive support for <a href="/wiki/Black_propaganda" title="Black propaganda">black propaganda</a> against Allende, channeled mostly through <i><a href="/wiki/El_Mercurio" title="El Mercurio">El Mercurio</a></i>. Financial assistance was also given to Allende's political opponents, and for organizing strikes and unrest to destabilize the government. By 1970, the U.S. manufacturing company <a href="/wiki/ITT_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="ITT Corporation">ITT Corporation</a> owned 70% of Chitelco (the Chilean Telephone Company), and also funded <i>El Mercurio</i>. The CIA used ITT as a means of disguising the source of the illegitimate funding Allende's opponents received.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 28 September 1973, the <a href="/wiki/Weather_Underground" title="Weather Underground">Weather Underground</a> bombed ITT's headquarters in New York City in retaliation.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to an article written by lifelong CIA operative <a href="/wiki/Jack_Devine" title="Jack Devine">Jack Devine</a>, although it was widely reported that the CIA was directly involved in orchestrating and carrying out the coup, subsequently released sources suggest a much reduced role of the US government.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Military_action">Military action</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1973_Chilean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Military action"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/1973_Chilean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Special:EditPage/1973 Chilean coup d'état">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%221973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat%22">"1973 Chilean coup d'état"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%221973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%221973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%221973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%221973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%221973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>By 6:00 am on 11 September 1973, a date chosen to match a historical <a href="/wiki/Government_Junta_of_Chile_(1924)" title="Government Junta of Chile (1924)">1924 coup</a>, the Navy captured <a href="/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso">Valparaíso</a>, strategically stationing ships and marine infantry in the central coast and closed radio and television networks. The Province Prefect informed President Allende of the Navy's actions; immediately, the president went to the <a href="/wiki/La_Moneda_Palace" title="La Moneda Palace">presidential palace</a> with his bodyguards, the "<a href="/wiki/Group_of_Personal_Friends" title="Group of Personal Friends">Group of Personal Friends</a>" (GAP). By 8:00 am, the Army had closed most radio and television stations in Santiago city; the Air Force bombed the remaining active stations; the President received incomplete information and was convinced that only a sector of the Navy conspired against him and his government.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>President Allende and Defense Minister <a href="/wiki/Orlando_Letelier" title="Orlando Letelier">Orlando Letelier</a> were unable to communicate with military leaders. Admiral Montero, the Navy's commander and an Allende loyalist, was rendered incommunicado; his telephone service was cut, and his cars were sabotaged before the <i>coup d'état</i>, to ensure he could not thwart the opposition. Leadership of the Navy was transferred to <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Toribio_Merino" title="José Toribio Merino">José Toribio Merino</a>, planner of the <i>coup d'état</i> and executive officer to Adm. Montero. <a href="/wiki/Augusto_Pinochet" title="Augusto Pinochet">Augusto Pinochet</a>, General of the Army, and <a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Leigh" title="Gustavo Leigh">Gustavo Leigh</a>, General of the Air Force, did not answer Allende's telephone calls to them. The General Director of the <i>Carabineros</i> (uniformed police), <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Sep%C3%BAlveda" class="extiw" title="es:José María Sepúlveda">José María Sepúlveda</a>, and the head of the Investigations Police (plain clothes detectives), <a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Joignant" title="Alfredo Joignant">Alfredo Joignant</a> answered Allende's calls and immediately went to the <i>La Moneda</i> presidential palace. When Defense Minister Letelier arrived at the Ministry of Defense, controlled by Adm. <a href="/wiki/Patricio_Carvajal" title="Patricio Carvajal">Patricio Carvajal</a>, he was arrested as the first prisoner of the <i>coup d'état</i>. </p><p>Despite evidence that all branches of the Chilean armed forces were involved in the coup, Allende hoped that some units remained loyal to the government. Allende was convinced of Pinochet's loyalty, telling a reporter that the <i>coup d'état</i> leaders must have imprisoned the general. Only at 8:30 am, when the armed forces declared their control of Chile and that Allende was deposed, did the president grasp the magnitude of the military's rebellion. Despite the lack of any military support, Allende refused to resign his office. </p><p>At approx. 9:00 the <a href="/wiki/La_Moneda_Palace_Guard" title="La Moneda Palace Guard">carabineros of the La Moneda</a> left the building.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 9:00 am, the armed forces controlled Chile, except for the city centre of the capital, Santiago. Originally, the military had planned to arrest Allende at his residence but he had made it to <i>La Moneda,</i> the presidential palace<i>.</i> There, Allende refused to surrender, despite the military's declaring they would bomb the <i>La Moneda</i> if he resisted being deposed. The military would turn to negotiating with Allende where they would offer to fly him and his family out of Chile, which Allende would refuse. <sup id="cite_ref-:3_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Socialist Party along with his Cuban advisors proposed to Allende that he escape to the San Joaquín industrial zone in southern Santiago, to later re-group and lead a counter-<i>coup d'état</i>; the president rejected the proposition. According to Tanya Harmer, Allende's refusal to lead an insurgency against the coup is evidence of his unrelenting desire to bring about change through non-violent methods.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The military attempted more negotiations with Allende, but the President refused to resign, citing his constitutional duty to remain in office. Finally, at 9:10  am, Allende gave a <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Salvador_Allende%27s_Last_Speech" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Salvador Allende's Last Speech">farewell speech</a>, telling the nation of the <i>coup d'état</i> and his refusal to resign his elected office under threat.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-:2_82-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Leigh ordered the presidential palace bombed but was told the Air Force's <a href="/wiki/Hawker_Hunter" title="Hawker Hunter">Hawker Hunter</a> jet aircraft would take forty minutes to arrive from their base at <a href="/wiki/Concepci%C3%B3n,_Chile" title="Concepción, Chile">Concepcion</a>. Pinochet ordered an armoured and infantry force under General Sergio Arellano to advance upon the <i>La Moneda</i> presidential palace. When the troops moved forward, they were forced to retreat after coming under fire from GAP snipers perched on rooftops. General Arellano called for helicopter gunship support from the commander of the Chilean Army Puma helicopter squadron and the troops were able to advance again.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chilean Air Force aircraft soon arrived to provide close air support for the assault (by bombing the Palace), but the defenders did not surrender until nearly 2:30 pm.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Allende's Cuban-trained guard would have had about 300 elite commando-trained GAP fighters at the time of the coup, according to a book of 2005 by <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Haslam" title="Jonathan Haslam">Jonathan Haslam</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the use of brute military force, especially the use of Hawker Hunters, may have handicapped many GAP fighters from further action. Which was the case of some GAP members during the Hawker Hunters attack against Allende's residence in Tomás Moro.<sup id="cite_ref-ferrada-noli.blogspot.com_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ferrada-noli.blogspot.com-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Allende would be found in his inner office dead, from a self inflicted bullet wound done between 2:00 and 2:30 p.m.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_84-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to Allende's suicide, he addressed the nation one final time and stated hope for Chile in the future and wishing for the people to stay strong willed and overcome the darkness. In his own words he said: "Workers of my country, I have faith in Chile and its destiny. Other men will overcome this dark and bitter moment when treason seeks to prevail. Keep in mind that, much sooner than later, the great avenues will again be opened through which will pass free men to construct a better society. Long live Chile! Long live the people! Long live the workers!"<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Casualties">Casualties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1973_Chilean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Casualties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chile-_el_pueblo_vencera_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Chile-_el_pueblo_vencera_cropped.jpg/260px-Chile-_el_pueblo_vencera_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/Chile-_el_pueblo_vencera_cropped.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="346" data-file-height="266" /></a><figcaption>The facilities of the <a href="/wiki/Estadio_Nacional_Julio_Mart%C3%ADnez_Pr%C3%A1danos" title="Estadio Nacional Julio Martínez Prádanos">National Stadium</a> were used as a detention and torture center after the coup.</figcaption></figure> <p>According to official reports prepared after the return of democracy, at La Moneda only two people died: President Allende and the journalist Augusto Olivares (both by suicide). Two more were injured, Antonio Aguirre and Osvaldo Ramos, both members of President Allende's entourage; they would later be allegedly kidnapped from the hospital and disappeared. In November 2006, the Associated Press noted that more than 15 <a href="/wiki/Bodyguard" title="Bodyguard">bodyguards</a> and aides were taken from the palace during the coup and are still unaccounted for; in 2006 Augusto Pinochet <a href="/wiki/Indictment_and_arrest_of_Augusto_Pinochet" title="Indictment and arrest of Augusto Pinochet">was indicted</a> for two of their deaths.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the military side, there were 34 deaths: two army <a href="/wiki/Sergeant" title="Sergeant">sergeants</a>, three army <a href="/wiki/Corporal" title="Corporal">corporals</a>, four <a href="/wiki/Private_(rank)" title="Private (rank)">army privates</a>, two navy lieutenants, one navy corporal, four naval cadets, three navy conscripts and fifteen carabineros.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In mid-September, the Chilean military junta claimed its troops suffered another 16 dead and 100 injured by gunfire in mopping-up operations against Allende supporters, and Pinochet said: "sadly there are still some armed groups who insist on attacking, which means that the military rules of wartime apply to them."<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A press photographer also died in the crossfire while attempting to cover the event. On 23 October 1973, 23-year-old army corporal Benjamín Alfredo Jaramillo Ruz, who was serving with the <i>Cazadores</i>, became the first fatal casualty of the counterinsurgency operations in the mountainous area of Alquihue in Valdivia after being shot by a sniper.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Chilean Army suffered 12 killed in various clashes with MIR guerrillas and GAP fighters in October 1973.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While fatalities in the battle during the coup might have been relatively small, the Chilean security forces sustained 162 dead in the three following months as a result of continued resistance,<sup id="cite_ref-books.google.co.uk_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.co.uk-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and tens of thousands of people were arrested during the coup and held in the National Stadium.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An estimated 40,000 Chileans were tortured under the Pinochet regime in the years following the coup.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Allende's_death"><span id="Allende.27s_death"></span>Allende's death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1973_Chilean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Allende's death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Death_of_Salvador_Allende" title="Death of Salvador Allende">Death of Salvador Allende</a></div> <p>President Allende died in La Moneda during the coup. The junta officially declared that he committed suicide with a rifle given to him by Fidel Castro, two doctors from the infirmary of La Moneda stated that they witnessed the suicide,<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and an autopsy labelled Allende's death a suicide. Vice Admiral Patricio Carvajal, one of the primary instigators of the coup, claimed that "Allende committed suicide and is dead now."<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Patricio Guijon, one of the president's doctors, had testified to witnessing Allende shoot himself under the chin with the rifle while seated on a sofa.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the time, few of Allende's supporters believed the explanation that Allende had killed himself.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Allende's body was exhumed in May 2011. The exhumation was requested by members of the Allende family, including his daughter Isabel who viewed the question of her father's death as "an insult to scientific intelligence." A scientific autopsy was performed, and the autopsy team delivered a unanimous finding on 19 July 2011 that Allende committed suicide using an <a href="/wiki/AK-47" title="AK-47">AK-47</a> rifle.<sup id="cite_ref-ak-47_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ak-47-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The team was composed of international forensic experts to assure an independent evaluation. </p><p>However, on 31 May 2011, Chile's state television station reported that a top-secret military account of Allende's death had been discovered in the home of a former military justice official. The 300-page document was found only when the house was destroyed in the <a href="/wiki/2010_Chile_earthquake" title="2010 Chile earthquake">2010 Chilean earthquake</a>. After reviewing the report, two forensic experts told <a href="/wiki/Televisi%C3%B3n_Nacional_de_Chile" title="Televisión Nacional de Chile">Televisión Nacional de Chile</a> "that they are inclined to conclude that Allende was assassinated."<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two forensics experts said they believed he was shot with a small-calibre weapon prior to the AK-47. One expert, Luis Ravanal, noted the lack of blood on his collar, sweater and throat suggested someone else fired the AK-47 when he was already dead.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Allende's widow and family escaped the military government and were accepted for exile in Mexico, where they remained for 17 years.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1973_Chilean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Installing_a_new_regime">Installing a new regime</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1973_Chilean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Installing a new regime"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Government_Junta_of_Chile_(1973)" title="Government Junta of Chile (1973)">Government Junta of Chile (1973)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chile_Junta001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Chile_Junta001.jpg/220px-Chile_Junta001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Chile_Junta001.jpg/330px-Chile_Junta001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/61/Chile_Junta001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="362" data-file-height="279" /></a><figcaption>Original members of the <a href="/wiki/Government_Junta_of_Chile_(1973)" title="Government Junta of Chile (1973)">Government Junta of Chile (1973)</a></figcaption></figure> <p>On 13 September, the Junta dissolved Congress,<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> outlawed the parties that had been part of the Popular Unity coalition, and all political activity was declared "in recess".<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The military government took control of all media, including the radio broadcasting that Allende attempted to use to give his final speech to the nation. It is not known how many Chileans actually heard the last words of Allende as he spoke them, but a transcript and audio of the speech survived the military government.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chilean scholar Lidia M. Baltra details how the military took control of the media platforms and turned them into their own "propaganda machine".<sup id="cite_ref-:1_113-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The only two newspapers that were allowed to continue publishing after the military takeover were <i>El Mercurio</i> and <i>La Tercera de la Hora</i>, both of which were anti-Allende under his leadership.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_113-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The dictatorship's silencing of the leftist point of view extended past the media and into "every discourse that expressed any resistance to the regime".<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An example of this is the torturing and death of folk singer <a href="/wiki/Victor_Jara" class="mw-redirect" title="Victor Jara">Victor Jara</a>. The military government detained Jara in the days following the coup. He, along with many other leftists, were held in Estadio Nacional, or the National Stadium of Chile in the capital of Santiago. Initially, the Junta tried to silence him by crushing his hands, but ultimately, he was murdered.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Immediately after the coup the military sought television host <a href="/wiki/Don_Francisco_(television_host)" title="Don Francisco (television host)">Don Francisco</a> to have him report on the events. Don Francisco declined the offer, encouraging the captain that had approached him to take the role of reporter himself.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Initially, there were four leaders of the junta: In addition to General Augusto Pinochet, from the Army, there were General Gustavo Leigh Guzmán, of the Air Force; Admiral José Toribio Merino Castro, of the Navy (who replaced Constitutionalist Admiral <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C3%BAl_Montero_Cornejo" class="extiw" title="es:Raúl Montero Cornejo">Raúl Montero</a>); and General Director <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Mendoza" title="César Mendoza">César Mendoza Durán</a>, of the National Police (<i>Carabineros de Chile</i>) (who replaced Constitutionalist General Director José María Sepúlveda). Coup leaders soon decided against a rotating presidency and named General Pinochet permanent head of the junta which would establish a seventeen year long civil-military dictatorship.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the months that followed the coup, the <i>junta</i>, with authoring work by historian <a href="/wiki/Gonzalo_Vial_Correa" title="Gonzalo Vial Correa">Gonzalo Vial</a> and Admiral Patricio Carvajal, published a book titled <i>El Libro Blanco del cambio de gobierno en Chile</i> (commonly known as <i>El Libro Blanco</i>, "The White Book of the Change of Government in Chile"), where they attempted to justify the coup by claiming that they were in fact anticipating a self-coup (the alleged <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plan_Zeta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plan Zeta (page does not exist)">Plan Zeta</a></i>, or Plan Z) that Allende's government or its associates were purportedly preparing. Historian <a href="/wiki/Peter_Winn" title="Peter Winn">Peter Winn</a> states that the <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a> had an extensive part to play in fabricating the conspiracy and in selling it to the press, both in Chile and internationally.<sup id="cite_ref-Winn_2010_270-271_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winn_2010_270-271-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although later discredited and officially recognized as the product of political propaganda,<sup id="cite_ref-Valech1_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Valech1-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gonzalo Vial has pointed to the similarities between the alleged Plan Z and other existing paramilitary plans of the Popular Unity parties in support of its legitimacy.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A document from September 13 shows that <a href="/wiki/Jaime_Guzm%C3%A1n" title="Jaime Guzmán">Jaime Guzmán</a> was by then already tasked to study the creation of <a href="/wiki/Chilean_Constitution_of_1980" title="Chilean Constitution of 1980">a new constitution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the first measures of the dictatorship was to set up a Secretaría Nacional de la Juventud (SNJ, National Youth Office). This was done on 28 October 1973, even before the Declaration of Principles of the junta made in March 1974. This was a way of mobilizing sympathetic elements of the civil society in support for the dictatorship.<sup id="cite_ref-Yanko2015_122-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yanko2015-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Continued_violence">Continued violence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1973_Chilean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Continued violence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Armed_resistance_in_Chile_(1973%E2%80%931990)" title="Armed resistance in Chile (1973–1990)">Armed resistance in Chile (1973–1990)</a></div> <p>In the first months after the <i>coup d'état,</i> the military killed thousands of Chilean leftists, both real and suspected, or forced their "<a href="/wiki/Forced_disappearance" class="mw-redirect" title="Forced disappearance">disappearance</a>". The military imprisoned 40,000 political enemies in the <a href="/wiki/Estadio_Nacional_de_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Estadio Nacional de Chile">National Stadium of Chile</a>; among the tortured and killed <i><a href="/wiki/Desaparecidos" class="mw-redirect" title="Desaparecidos">desaparecidos</a></i> (disappeared) were the U.S. citizens <a href="/wiki/Charles_Horman" title="Charles Horman">Charles Horman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Frank_Teruggi" title="Frank Teruggi">Frank Teruggi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nsaebb33_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nsaebb33-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 1973, the Chilean songwriter <a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADctor_Jara" title="Víctor Jara">Víctor Jara</a> was murdered, along with 70 other people in a series of killings perpetrated by the death squad <a href="/wiki/Caravan_of_Death" title="Caravan of Death">Caravan of Death</a> (<i>Caravana de la Muerte</i>). </p><p> The government arrested some 130,000 people in a three-year period;<sup id="cite_ref-torture_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-torture-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the dead and disappeared numbered thousands in the first months of the military government.</p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Desaparecidos_Chile_1973.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Desaparecidos_Chile_1973.JPG/220px-Desaparecidos_Chile_1973.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Desaparecidos_Chile_1973.JPG/330px-Desaparecidos_Chile_1973.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Desaparecidos_Chile_1973.JPG/440px-Desaparecidos_Chile_1973.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Pictures of persons missing after the 1973 Chilean coup</figcaption></figure><p> Those include the British physician <a href="/wiki/Sheila_Cassidy" title="Sheila Cassidy">Sheila Cassidy</a>, who survived to publicize in the UK the human rights violations in Chile.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among those detained was <a href="/wiki/Alberto_Bachelet" title="Alberto Bachelet">Alberto Bachelet</a> (father of future Chilean President <a href="/wiki/Michelle_Bachelet" title="Michelle Bachelet">Michelle Bachelet</a>), an <a href="/wiki/Chilean_Air_Force" title="Chilean Air Force">Air Force</a> official; he was tortured and died on 12 March 1974,<sup id="cite_ref-pbs_president_elect_125-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pbs_president_elect-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-alertnet_Bachelet_126-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alertnet_Bachelet-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the right-wing newspaper, <i><a href="/wiki/El_Mercurio" title="El Mercurio">El Mercurio</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_128-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> reported that Mr Bachelet died after a basketball game, citing his poor cardiac health. Michelle Bachelet and her mother were imprisoned and tortured in the <a href="/wiki/Villa_Grimaldi" title="Villa Grimaldi">Villa Grimaldi</a> detention and torture centre on 10 January 1975.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The newspaper <i><a href="/wiki/La_Tercera" title="La Tercera">La Tercera</a></i> published on its front page a photograph showing prisoners at <a href="/wiki/Quiriquina_Island" title="Quiriquina Island">Quiriquina Island</a> Camp who had been captured during the fighting in <a href="/wiki/Concepci%C3%B3n,_Chile" title="Concepción, Chile">Concepción</a>. The photograph's caption stated that some of the detained were "local bosses" of <a href="/wiki/Popular_Unity_(Chile)" title="Popular Unity (Chile)">Unidad Popular</a>" while others were "extremists who had attacked the armed forces with firearms". The photo was reproduced 2013 in <a href="/wiki/The_Indicter" title="The Indicter">The Indicter</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-wordpress1_133-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wordpress1-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> identifying among the 'local bosses' Fernando Alvarez, then Concepción Province's head authority appointed by Allende (executed one month thereafter); and among the fighting 'extremists', <a href="/wiki/Marcello_Ferrada_de_Noli" title="Marcello Ferrada de Noli">Marcello Ferrada de Noli</a>, one founder of <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Left_Movement_(Chile)" title="Revolutionary Left Movement (Chile)">MIR</a> and then professor at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Concepci%C3%B3n" title="University of Concepción">University of Concepción</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-personal-testimony_134-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-personal-testimony-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This is consistent with reports in newspapers and broadcasts in Concepción about the activities of the Armed Forces, which mentioned clashes with "extremists" on several occasions from 11 to 14 September. Nocturnal skirmishes took place around the Hotel Alonso de Ercilla in Colo Colo and San Martín Street, one block away from the Army and military police administrative headquarters. A recently published testimony about the clashes in Concepción offers several plausible explanations for the reticence of witnesses to these actions.<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-personal-testimony_134-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-personal-testimony-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Besides political leaders and participants, the coup also affected many everyday Chilean citizens. Thousands were killed, went missing, and were injured. Because of the political instability in their country, many relocated elsewhere. Canada, among other countries, became a main point of refuge for many Chilean citizens. Through an operation known as "Special Movement Chile", more than 7,000 Chileans were relocated to Canada in the months following 11 September 1973.<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These refugees are now known as <a href="/wiki/Chilean_Canadian" class="mw-redirect" title="Chilean Canadian">Chilean Canadian</a> people and have a population of over 38,000.<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After Gen. Pinochet lost the election in the 1988 plebiscite, the <a href="/wiki/Rettig_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Rettig Commission">Rettig Commission</a>, a multi-partisan truth commission, in 1991 reported the location of <a href="/wiki/Torture" title="Torture">torture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Detention_(Imprisonment)" class="mw-redirect" title="Detention (Imprisonment)">detention</a> centers, among others, <a href="/wiki/Colonia_Dignidad" title="Colonia Dignidad">Colonia Dignidad</a>, the tall ship <a href="/wiki/Esmeralda_(BE-43)" class="mw-redirect" title="Esmeralda (BE-43)"><i>Esmeralda</i></a> and Víctor Jara Stadium. Later, in November 2004, the <a href="/wiki/Valech_Report" title="Valech Report">Valech Report</a> confirmed the number as fewer than 3,000 killed and reduced the number of cases of forced disappearance; but some 28,000 people were arrested, imprisoned, and tortured. Sixty individuals died as a direct result of fighting on 11 September, although the <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Left_Movement_(Chile)" title="Revolutionary Left Movement (Chile)">MIR</a> and GAP continued to fight the following day. It has been put forward that, in all, 46 of Allende's guard (the GAP, <i>Grupo de Amigos Personales</i>) were killed, some of them in combat with the soldiers that took the Moneda.<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, a report of 1999 published by an organization of ex-GAP which survived the events around the coup d'état, says that no one among the GAP members were killed in La Moneda combat. The source affirms that there were only 50 members of the GAP at that time, totally.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The same information about the number of GAP members was later confirmed in an academic publication.<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The U.S. view of the coup continues to spark controversy. Beginning in late 2014 in response to a request by Senate Armed Services Committee Chair <a href="/wiki/Carl_Levin" title="Carl Levin">Carl Levin</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Southern_Command" title="United States Southern Command">United States Southern Command</a> (USSOUTHCOM) <a href="/wiki/William_J._Perry_Center_for_Hemispheric_Defense_Studies" title="William J. Perry Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies">William J. Perry Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies</a> (CHDS), located at the <a href="/wiki/National_Defense_University" title="National Defense University">National Defense University</a> in Washington, D.C., has been under investigation by the Department of Defense Office of Inspector General. Insider national security whistleblower complaints included that the Center knowingly protected a CHDS professor from Chile who was a former top advisor to Pinochet after belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Direcci%C3%B3n_de_Inteligencia_Nacional" title="Dirección de Inteligencia Nacional">Dirección de Inteligencia Nacional</a> / <a href="/wiki/Direcci%C3%B3n_de_Inteligencia_Nacional" title="Dirección de Inteligencia Nacional">DINA</a> state terrorist organization (whose attack against a former Chilean foreign minister in 1976 in Washington, D.C., resulted in two deaths, including that of an American). "Reports that NDU hired foreign military officers with histories of involvement in human rights abuses, including torture and extrajudicial killings of civilians, are stunning, and they are repulsive", said <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Leahy" title="Patrick Leahy">Sen. Patrick Leahy</a>, D-Vermont, the author of the "Leahy Law" prohibiting U.S. assistance to military units and members of foreign security forces that violate human rights.<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Thieme" title="Roberto Thieme">Roberto Thieme</a>, the military leader of <a href="/wiki/Fatherland_and_Liberty" title="Fatherland and Liberty">Fatherland and Liberty</a>, who was imprisoned on 11 September was shocked to hear about the degree of violence the coup was carried out with. Despite being an arduous opponent of Unidad Popular he had expected a cleaner coup.<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_reaction">International reaction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1973_Chilean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: International reaction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>President of Argentina <a href="/wiki/Juan_Domingo_Per%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Juan Domingo Perón">Juan Domingo Perón</a> condemned the coup calling it a "fatality for the continent". Before the coup Perón had warned <a href="/wiki/Tendencia_Revolucionaria" title="Tendencia Revolucionaria">the more radical of his followers</a> to stay calm and "not do as Allende".<sup id="cite_ref-Ortega2014_146-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ortega2014-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Argentine students protested the coup at the Chilean embassy in <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a>, where part of them chanted that they were "ready to cross the Andes" (<i>dispuestos a cruzar la cordillera</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legal_impact">Legal impact</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1973_Chilean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Legal impact"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A number of cargo shipments involving trade with Cuba were affected by government policy decisions, and subsequently performance of the trade contracts underlying the shipping deliveries was made illegal under <a href="/wiki/Cuban_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuban law">Cuban law</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-todd_149-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-todd-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Chilean company <a href="/wiki/IANSA_(company)" title="IANSA (company)">Iansa</a> had purchased sugar from the Cuban business entity, Cubazukar, and several shipments were at different stages of the shipping and delivery process. The ships involved included: </p> <ul><li><i>Playa Larga</i> (delivery in Chile was underway but was not completed before the ship left)</li> <li>The <i>Marble Island</i> (the ship was <i>en route</i> for Chile but was diverted elsewhere)</li> <li><i>Aegis Fame</i> (hire was cancelled before the cargo had been loaded).</li></ul> <p>The shipping contracts used <a href="/wiki/Incoterms#CIF" title="Incoterms">c.i.f.</a> trade terms. Iansa sued Cubazukar for non-delivery. The <a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Justice" title="High Court of Justice">High Court</a> (in England) ruled that IANSA was entitled to damages in respect of the undelivered balance of the <i>Playa Larga</i> cargo and to restitution of the price paid for the <i>Marble Island</i> cargo. Subsequent appeals by both parties were dismissed.<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In regard to the <i>Aegis Fame</i> shipping, the contract was <a href="/wiki/Frustration_of_purpose" title="Frustration of purpose">frustrated</a> and therefore Cubazukar were not in breach.<sup id="cite_ref-todd_149-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-todd-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Commemoration">Commemoration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1973_Chilean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Commemoration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The commemoration of the coup is associated to competing narratives on its cause and effects.<sup id="cite_ref-Waldman2014_151-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Waldman2014-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The coup has been commemorated by detractors and supporters in various ways. </p><p>On 11 September 1975 Pinochet lit the <a href="/wiki/Llama_de_la_Libertad" title="Llama de la Libertad">Llama de la Libertad</a> (lit. Flame of Liberty) to commemorate the coup. This flame was extinguished in 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-EMOLbachelet_152-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EMOLbachelet-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-abc_153-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abc-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avenida_Nueva_Providencia" class="extiw" title="es:Avenida Nueva Providencia">Avenida Nueva Providencia</a> in <a href="/wiki/Providencia,_Chile" title="Providencia, Chile">Providencia</a>, Santiago, was renamed Avenida 11 de Septiembre in 1980.<sup id="cite_ref-24hrsMUNI_154-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24hrsMUNI-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 30th anniversary of the coup President <a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Lagos" title="Ricardo Lagos">Ricardo Lagos</a> inaugurated the Morandé 80 entrance to <a href="/wiki/La_Moneda" class="mw-redirect" title="La Moneda">La Moneda</a>. This entrance to the presidential palace had been erased during the repairs the dictatorship did to the building after the bombing.<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="40th_anniversary">40th anniversary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1973_Chilean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: 40th anniversary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 40th anniversary of the coup in 2013 was particularly intense.<sup id="cite_ref-Waldman2014_151-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Waldman2014-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That year the name of Avenida 11 de Septiembre was reversed to the original Avenida Nueva Providencia.<sup id="cite_ref-24hrsMUNI_154-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24hrsMUNI-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Association of Chilean Magistrates issued a public statement in early September 2013 recognizing the past unwillingness of judges to protect those persecuted by dictatorship.<sup id="cite_ref-Waldman2014_151-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Waldman2014-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 11 September 2013 hundreds of Chileans posed as dead in the streets of Santiago in remembrance of the ones "disappeared" by the dictatorship.<sup id="cite_ref-Elpaisuy40_156-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Elpaisuy40-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The centre-left opposition refused to attend the commemoration event organized by <a href="/wiki/Sebasti%C3%A1n_Pi%C3%B1era" title="Sebastián Piñera">Sebastián Piñera</a>'s right-wing government organizing instead a separate event.<sup id="cite_ref-Elpaisuy40_156-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Elpaisuy40-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Osvaldo_Andrade" title="Osvaldo Andrade">Osvaldo Andrade</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Chile" title="Socialist Party of Chile">Socialist Party</a> explained that attendance was not viable as Piñera's government was "packed with passive accomplices" of the dictatorship.<sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some right-wing politicians also declined the invitation.<sup id="cite_ref-planton_158-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-planton-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Presidential candidate <a href="/wiki/Michelle_Bachelet" title="Michelle Bachelet">Michelle Bachelet</a> planned to spend the day visiting <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Memory_and_Human_Rights" title="Museum of Memory and Human Rights">Museum of Memory and Human Rights</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-planton_158-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-planton-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> President Piñera held an unusual speech in which he denounced "passive accomplices" like news reporters who deliberately changed or omitted the truth and judges who rejected <a href="/wiki/Recurso_de_amparo" title="Recurso de amparo">recursos de amparos</a> that could have saved lives. People who knew things or could have known things but decided to stay quiet were also criticized as passive accomplices in Piñera's speech.<sup id="cite_ref-Waldman2014_151-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Waldman2014-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A number of new films, theatre plays, and photography expositions were held to cast light on the abuses and censorship of the dictatorship.<sup id="cite_ref-Elpaisuy40_156-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Elpaisuy40-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The number of new books published on the subject in 2013 was such that it constituted an editorial boom.<sup id="cite_ref-Waldman2014_151-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Waldman2014-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Elpaisuy40_156-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Elpaisuy40-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Museum of Memory and Human Rights also displayed a collection of declassified CIA, FBI, Defense Department, and White House records illustrating the U.S. role in the dictatorship and the coup.<sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Conferences and seminars on the subject of coup were also held. Various series and interviews with politicians on the subject of the coup and the dictatorship were aired on Chilean TV in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-Waldman2014_151-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Waldman2014-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="50th_anniversary">50th anniversary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1973_Chilean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: 50th anniversary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chileno_afirma_un_afiche_de_Augusto_Pinochet_mientras_en_el_fondo_hay_uno_de_Salvador_Allende_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Chileno_afirma_un_afiche_de_Augusto_Pinochet_mientras_en_el_fondo_hay_uno_de_Salvador_Allende_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Chileno_afirma_un_afiche_de_Augusto_Pinochet_mientras_en_el_fondo_hay_uno_de_Salvador_Allende_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Chileno_afirma_un_afiche_de_Augusto_Pinochet_mientras_en_el_fondo_hay_uno_de_Salvador_Allende_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Chileno_afirma_un_afiche_de_Augusto_Pinochet_mientras_en_el_fondo_hay_uno_de_Salvador_Allende_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Chileno_afirma_un_afiche_de_Augusto_Pinochet_mientras_en_el_fondo_hay_uno_de_Salvador_Allende_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Chileno_afirma_un_afiche_de_Augusto_Pinochet_mientras_en_el_fondo_hay_uno_de_Salvador_Allende_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="959" data-file-height="1279" /></a><figcaption>Pro–Pinochet protester holding a sign with Pinochet's face that says "We want order" in May 2023. In the background, there is another sign with Allende's face.</figcaption></figure> <p>Ahead of the 50th anniversary of the coup in 2023, the United States under the <a href="/wiki/Biden_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Biden administration">Biden administration</a> finally declassified President Nixon's daily briefs related to Chile from 8 to 11 September 1973. The document for 8 September read: "A number of reports have been received... indicating the possibility of an early military coup. Navy men plotting to overthrow the government now claim army and air force support." It further noted that the far-right paramilitary group, Fatherland and Freedom "has been blocking roads and provoking clashes with the national police, adding to the tension caused by continuing strikes and opposition political moves. President Allende earlier this week said he believed the armed forces will ask for his resignation if he does not change his economic and political policies."<sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The week before the anniversary, Chilean President <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Boric" title="Gabriel Boric">Gabriel Boric</a>, along with all four living former presidents—<a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Frei_Ruiz-Tagle" title="Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle">Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Lagos" title="Ricardo Lagos">Ricardo Lagos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michelle_Bachelet" title="Michelle Bachelet">Michelle Bachelet</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sebastian_Pi%C3%B1era" class="mw-redirect" title="Sebastian Piñera">Sebastian Piñera</a>—signed an declaration titled "Commitment: For Democracy, Forever", stating that it should "confront the challenges of democracy with more democracy" and it should defend and promote human rights.<sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The right-wing opposition called it "biased" and refused to sign it.<sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the day of the anniversary, Boric, Bachelet, and many world leaders, including Mexico's <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador" title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador">Andrés Manuel López Obrador</a>, Portugal's <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Costa" title="António Costa">António Costa</a>, Colombia's <a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Petro" title="Gustavo Petro">Gustavo Petro</a>, Bolivia's <a href="/wiki/Luis_Arce" title="Luis Arce">Luis Arce</a>, and Uruguay's <a href="/wiki/Luis_Lacalle_Pou" title="Luis Lacalle Pou">Luis Lacalle Pou</a> attended an commemoration in La Moneda presidential palace to commemorate the coup and its aftermath. Others who attended were former Uruguayan president <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mujica" title="José Mujica">José Mujica</a> and lead <a href="/wiki/Rage_Against_the_Machine" title="Rage Against the Machine">Rage Against the Machine</a> guitarist <a href="/wiki/Tom_Morello" title="Tom Morello">Tom Morello</a>, who said that the United States "shares responsibility" for the coup.<sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the commemoration, Boric said:<sup id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote><p>A coup d'état or the violation of the human rights of those who think differently is never justifiable. It is crucial to clearly state that the coup d'état cannot be separated from what came afterward. Human-rights violations of Chilean men and women began right from the moment of the coup [...] It was a dictatorship until the end [...] Reconciliation is not achieved through neutrality or distance but by unequivocally standing with those who were victims of the horror. Reconciliation, dear compatriots, does not involve attempting to equate the responsibilities between victims and perpetrators.</p></blockquote> <p>Surveys showed that 60% of Chileans surveyed were not interested in the commemoration,<sup id="cite_ref-167" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while another poll claimed that nearly 40% believed Pinochet "modernised" the country. Other data found that more than a third of Chileans believed the coup was justified.<sup id="cite_ref-168" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-169" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1973_Chilean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1970_Chilean_presidential_election" title="1970 Chilean presidential election">1970 Chilean presidential election</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Allende_en_su_laberinto" title="Allende en su laberinto">Allende en su laberinto</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_packages" title="Cuban packages">Cuban packages</a> – arms smuggling from Cuba</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Condor" title="Operation Condor">Operation Condor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Toucan_(KGB)" title="Operation Toucan (KGB)">Operation TOUCAN (KGB)</a> – secret KGB operations in Chile</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patio_29" title="Patio 29">Patio 29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_FUBELT" title="Project FUBELT">Project FUBELT</a> – secret CIA operations to unseat Allende.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Schneider" title="René Schneider">René Schneider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rettig_Report" title="Rettig Report">Rettig Report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_intervention_in_Chile" title="United States intervention in Chile">United States intervention in Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valech_Report" title="Valech Report">Valech Report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_involvement_in_regime_change_in_Latin_America" title="United States involvement in regime change in Latin America">United States involvement in regime change in Latin America</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Films_and_documentaries">Films and documentaries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1973_Chilean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Films and documentaries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bear_Story" title="Bear Story">Bear Story</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bestia_(2021_film)" title="Bestia (2021 film)"><i>Bestia</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_%C3%9Cbergang_(Film)" class="extiw" title="de:Der Übergang (Film)">The Border Crossing: Der Übergang, a DEFA drama</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Boys_(film)" title="Chicago Boys (film)">Chicago Boys</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonia_(film)" title="Colonia (film)"><i>Colonia</i></a></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecos_del_desierto" class="extiw" title="es:Ecos del desierto"><i>Ecos del Desierto</i></a></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A9roes_invisibles" class="extiw" title="es:Héroes invisibles"><i>Invisible Heroes</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Machuca" title="Machuca">Machuca</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missing_(1982_film)" title="Missing (1982 film)"><i>Missing</i> (1982 film)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nae_Pasaran" title="Nae Pasaran">¡Nae pasaran!</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/No_(2012_film)" title="No (2012 film)">No</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/ReMastered:_Massacre_at_the_Stadium" title="ReMastered: Massacre at the Stadium">ReMastered: Massacre at the Stadium</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Battle_of_Chile" title="The Battle of Chile">The Battle of Chile</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Black_Pimpernel" title="The Black Pimpernel">The Black Pimpernel</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_House_of_the_Spirits" title="The House of the Spirits">The House of the Spirits</a></i></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1973_Chilean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLawson2005" class="citation book cs1">Lawson, George (2005). <i>Negotiated revolutions: the Czech Republic, South Africa and Chile</i>. ESRC, economic & social research council. Aldershot, Hants: Ashgate. p. 182. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-4327-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-4327-2"><bdi>978-0-7546-4327-2</bdi></a>. <q>The only armed resistance came in a handful of factories, the La Legua <i>poblacion</i> in Santiago and in isolated gunfights with MIR activists.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Negotiated+revolutions%3A+the+Czech+Republic%2C+South+Africa+and+Chile&rft.place=Aldershot%2C+Hants&rft.series=ESRC%2C+economic+%26+social+research+council&rft.pages=182&rft.pub=Ashgate&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-7546-4327-2&rft.aulast=Lawson&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcSherry2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/J._Patrice_McSherry" title="J. Patrice McSherry">McSherry, J. Patrice</a> (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=acGNAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA107">"Chapter 5: "Industrial repression" and Operation Condor in Latin America"</a>. In Esparza, Marcia; Huttenbach, Henry R.; Feierstein, Daniel (eds.). <i>State violence and genocide in Latin America: the Cold War years</i>. Critical terrorism studies. London: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. p. 107. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-66457-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-66457-8"><bdi>978-0-415-66457-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+5%3A+%22Industrial+repression%22+and+Operation+Condor+in+Latin+America&rft.btitle=State+violence+and+genocide+in+Latin+America%3A+the+Cold+War+years&rft.place=London&rft.series=Critical+terrorism+studies&rft.pages=107&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-415-66457-8&rft.aulast=McSherry&rft.aufirst=J.+Patrice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DacGNAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA107&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-p._223-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-p._223_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHixson2008" class="citation book cs1">Hixson, Walter L. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DNId6HxkzQwC"><i>The myth of American diplomacy: national identity and U.S. foreign policy</i></a>. New Haven: <a href="/wiki/Yale_University_Press" title="Yale University Press">Yale University Press</a>. p. 223. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-11912-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-11912-1"><bdi>978-0-300-11912-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+myth+of+American+diplomacy%3A+national+identity+and+U.S.+foreign+policy&rft.place=New+Haven&rft.pages=223&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-300-11912-1&rft.aulast=Hixson&rft.aufirst=Walter+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDNId6HxkzQwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKornbluh" class="citation web cs1">Kornbluh, Peter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180708142510/https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB282/index.htm">"Brazil Conspired with U.S. to Overthrow Allende"</a>. <i>National Security Archive</i>. George Washington University. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB282/index.htm">the original</a> on 8 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Security+Archive&rft.atitle=Brazil+Conspired+with+U.S.+to+Overthrow+Allende&rft.aulast=Kornbluh&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnsarchive2.gwu.edu%2FNSAEBB%2FNSAEBB282%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEngler2018" class="citation news cs1">Engler, Yves (11 September 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rabble.ca/general/remembering-canadas-support-right-wing-coup-chile/">"Remembering Canada's support for the right-wing coup in Chile"</a>. <i>rabble.ca</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=rabble.ca&rft.atitle=Remembering+Canada%27s+support+for+the+right-wing+coup+in+Chile&rft.date=2018-09-11&rft.aulast=Engler&rft.aufirst=Yves&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frabble.ca%2Fgeneral%2Fremembering-canadas-support-right-wing-coup-chile%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEnglerSchalk2023" class="citation news cs1">Engler, Yves; Schalk, Owen (10 September 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jacobin.com/2023/09/canada-chile-allende-pinochet-coup-trudeau-neoliberalism">"Unmasking Canada's Role in the Chilean Coup"</a>. <i>Jacobin</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jacobin&rft.atitle=Unmasking+Canada%27s+Role+in+the+Chilean+Coup&rft.date=2023-09-10&rft.aulast=Engler&rft.aufirst=Yves&rft.au=Schalk%2C+Owen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjacobin.com%2F2023%2F09%2Fcanada-chile-allende-pinochet-coup-trudeau-neoliberalism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Daley-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Daley_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaley2021" class="citation news cs1">Daley, Paul (10 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2021/sep/11/declassified-documents-show-australia-assisted-cia-in-coup-against-chiles-salvador-allende">"Declassified documents show Australia assisted CIA in coup against Chile's Salvador Allende"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Declassified+documents+show+Australia+assisted+CIA+in+coup+against+Chile%27s+Salvador+Allende&rft.date=2021-09-10&rft.aulast=Daley&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2F2021%2Fsep%2F11%2Fdeclassified-documents-show-australia-assisted-cia-in-coup-against-chiles-salvador-allende&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mcevoy-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mcevoy_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcEvoy2020" class="citation news cs1">McEvoy, John (22 September 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://declassifieduk.org/exclusive-secret-cables-reveal-britain-interfered-with-elections-in-chile/">"Exclusive: Secret cables reveal Britain interfered with elections in Chile"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Declassified_UK" title="Declassified UK">Declassified UK</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Declassified+UK&rft.atitle=Exclusive%3A+Secret+cables+reveal+Britain+interfered+with+elections+in+Chile&rft.date=2020-09-22&rft.aulast=McEvoy&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdeclassifieduk.org%2Fexclusive-secret-cables-reveal-britain-interfered-with-elections-in-chile%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCurtis2023" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Curtis_(British_author)" title="Mark Curtis (British author)">Curtis, Mark</a> (4 September 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://declassifieduk.org/our-major-interest-is-copper-britain-backed-pinochets-bloody-coup-in-chile/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Our major interest is copper': Britain backed Pinochet's bloody coup in Chile"</a>. <i>Declassified UK</i>. London<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Declassified+UK&rft.atitle=%27Our+major+interest+is+copper%27%3A+Britain+backed+Pinochet%27s+bloody+coup+in+Chile&rft.date=2023-09-04&rft.aulast=Curtis&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdeclassifieduk.org%2Four-major-interest-is-copper-britain-backed-pinochets-bloody-coup-in-chile%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCohen1994" class="citation book cs1">Cohen, Youssef (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lTTTBv4UJ_kC"><i>Radicals, Reformers, and Reactionaries: The Prisoner's Dilemma and the Collapse of Democracy in Latin America</i></a>. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lTTTBv4UJ_kC&pg=PA98">98</a>–<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lTTTBv4UJ_kC&pg=PA118">118</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-2261-1271-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-2261-1271-8"><bdi>978-0-2261-1271-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2023</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Radicals%2C+Reformers%2C+and+Reactionaries%3A+The+Prisoner%27s+Dilemma+and+the+Collapse+of+Democracy+in+Latin+America&rft.place=Chicago%2C+Illinois&rft.pages=98-118&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-2261-1271-8&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Youssef&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlTTTBv4UJ_kC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Busky_2000,_pp._195–196-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Busky_2000,_pp._195–196_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Busky_2000,_pp._195–196_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBusky2000" class="citation book cs1">Busky, Donald F. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3joQKjDtn4wC"><i>Democratic Socialism: A Global Survey</i></a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3joQKjDtn4wC&pg=PA195">195</a>–<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3joQKjDtn4wC&pg=PA196">196</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-275-96886-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-275-96886-1"><bdi>978-0-275-96886-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2023</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Democratic+Socialism%3A+A+Global+Survey&rft.pages=195-196&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-275-96886-1&rft.aulast=Busky&rft.aufirst=Donald+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3joQKjDtn4wC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,907929-1,00.html">"Chile: The Bloody End of a Marxist Dream"</a>. <i>Time</i>. 24 September 1973. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0040-781X">0040-781X</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2023</span>. <q>Allende's downfall had implications that reached far beyond the borders of Chile. His had been the first democratically elected Marxist government in Latin America.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Chile%3A+The+Bloody+End+of+a+Marxist+Dream&rft.date=1973-09-24&rft.issn=0040-781X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.time.com%2Ftime%2Fsubscriber%2Farticle%2F0%2C33009%2C907929-1%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoss2006" class="citation news cs1">Ross, Jen (12 December 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.csmonitor.com/2006/1212/p06s01-woam.html">"Controversial legacy of former Chilean dictator"</a>. <i>Christian Science Monitor</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0882-7729">0882-7729</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080516194106/http://www.csmonitor.com/2006/1211/p00s01-woam.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 May 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2023</span>. <q>Gen. Augusto Pinochet, who overthrew Chile's democratically elected Communist government in a 1973 coup and ruled for 17 years, died Sunday without ever having been condemned for the human rights abuses committed during his rule.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Christian+Science+Monitor&rft.atitle=Controversial+legacy+of+former+Chilean+dictator&rft.date=2006-12-12&rft.issn=0882-7729&rft.aulast=Ross&rft.aufirst=Jen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.csmonitor.com%2F2006%2F1212%2Fp06s01-woam.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGenaro_Arriagada_Herrera1988" class="citation book cs1">Genaro Arriagada Herrera (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7F8VAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA36"><i>Pinochet: The Politics of Power</i></a>. Allen & Unwin. p. 36. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-04-497061-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-04-497061-3"><bdi>978-0-04-497061-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pinochet%3A+The+Politics+of+Power&rft.pages=36&rft.pub=Allen+%26+Unwin&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-04-497061-3&rft.au=Genaro+Arriagada+Herrera&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7F8VAAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA36&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Winn_2010_270-271-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Winn_2010_270-271_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Winn_2010_270-271_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Winn_2010_270-271_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWinn2010" class="citation book cs1">Winn, Peter (2010). Grandin & Joseph, Greg & Gilbert (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YJ7ZBGy0wsIC&pg=PA270-271"><i>A Century of Revolution</i></a>. Duke University Press. pp. 270–271.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Century+of+Revolution&rft.pages=270-271&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Winn&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYJ7ZBGy0wsIC%26pg%3DPA270-271&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kornbluh" title="Peter Kornbluh">Peter Kornbluh</a> (11 September 2013). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Pinochet_File:_A_Declassified_Dossier_on_Atrocity_and_Accountability" class="mw-redirect" title="The Pinochet File: A Declassified Dossier on Atrocity and Accountability">The Pinochet File: A Declassified Dossier on Atrocity and Accountability</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_Press" title="The New Press">The New Press</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1595589120" title="Special:BookSources/1595589120">1595589120</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lubna Z. Qureshi. <i>Nixon, Kissinger, and Allende: U.S. Involvement in the 1973 Coup in Chile.</i> Lexington Books, 2009. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0739126563" title="Special:BookSources/0739126563">0739126563</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NSA-2000-9-19-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NSA-2000-9-19_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeter_Kornbluh2000" class="citation web cs1">Peter Kornbluh (19 September 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/news/20000919/">"CIA Acknowledges Ties to Pinochet's Repression: Report to Congress Reveals U.S. Accountability in Chile"</a>. <i>Chile Documentation Project</i>. National Security Archive. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061128142216/http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/news/20000919/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 November 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Now+open+%E2%80%93+Pinochet%27s+torture+chambers&rft.date=2000-12-16&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Ftravel%2F722163%2FNow-open---Pinochets-torture-chambers.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAguileraFredesDorfman2003" class="citation book cs1">Aguilera, Pilar; Fredes, Ricardo; Dorfman, Ariel (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/55665455"><i>Chile: The Other September 11</i></a>. Melbourne: Ocean Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-876175-50-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-876175-50-8"><bdi>1-876175-50-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/55665455">55665455</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chile%3A+The+Other+September+11&rft.place=Melbourne&rft.pub=Ocean+Press&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F55665455&rft.isbn=1-876175-50-8&rft.aulast=Aguilera&rft.aufirst=Pilar&rft.au=Fredes%2C+Ricardo&rft.au=Dorfman%2C+Ariel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F55665455&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrançois2018" class="citation book cs1">François, David (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1001447543"><i>Chile 1973, the Other 9/11: The Downfall of Salvador Allende</i></a>. Solihull, West Midlands: Helion & Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-912174-95-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-912174-95-9"><bdi>978-1-912174-95-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1001447543">1001447543</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chile+1973%2C+the+Other+9%2F11%3A+The+Downfall+of+Salvador+Allende&rft.place=Solihull%2C+West+Midlands&rft.pub=Helion+%26+Company&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1001447543&rft.isbn=978-1-912174-95-9&rft.aulast=Fran%C3%A7ois&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1001447543&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOsborn2021" class="citation web cs1">Osborn, Catherine (10 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/09/10/911-chile-1973-pinochet-allende-coup-constitution-constitutent-assembly/">"The Other 9/11"</a>. <i>Foreign Policy</i>. <q>In the run-up to the 20th anniversary of the 9/11 terrorist attacks on the United States this month, a leading Chilean university, the University of Concepción, held a series of panel discussions on their legacy. The program referred to the events as 'the other Sept. 11.'<br />'Other' because, in Chile, Sept. 11 is best known as the date of the country's own national tragedy: the 1973 U.S.-backed coup against leftist President Salvador Allende that ushered in over 16 years of military rule.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Policy&rft.atitle=The+Other+9%2F11&rft.date=2021-09-10&rft.aulast=Osborn&rft.aufirst=Catherine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforeignpolicy.com%2F2021%2F09%2F10%2F911-chile-1973-pinochet-allende-coup-constitution-constitutent-assembly%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2023/09/09/911-chile-50th-anniversary-coup/70784405007/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'The other 9/11': As US marks attack anniversary, another infamous milestone looms"</a>. <i>USA TODAY</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=USA+TODAY&rft.atitle=%27The+other+9%2F11%27%3A+As+US+marks+attack+anniversary%2C+another+infamous+milestone+looms&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fworld%2F2023%2F09%2F09%2F911-chile-50th-anniversary-coup%2F70784405007%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jobet-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jobet_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/5kmbQgbhB?url=http://es.geocities.com/omerocl/partidosoc2.pdf">"El Partido Socialista de Chile Tomo II"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Julio César Jobet</i> (in Spanish). p. 120. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://es.geocities.com/omerocl/partidosoc2.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 25 October 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Julio+C%C3%A9sar+Jobet&rft.atitle=El+Partido+Socialista+de+Chile+Tomo+II&rft.pages=120&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fes.geocities.com%2Fomerocl%2Fpartidosoc2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchweitzer2023" class="citation web cs1">Schweitzer, Oren (18 March 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jacobin.com/2023/03/chile-salvador-allende-popular-unity-democratic-socialism-working-class-control-bottom-up-politics-state-action">"Chile's Attempt at Democratic Socialism Combined State Action and Bottom-Up Initiative"</a>. <i>Jacobin</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jacobin&rft.atitle=Chile%27s+Attempt+at+Democratic+Socialism+Combined+State+Action+and+Bottom-Up+Initiative&rft.date=2023-03-18&rft.aulast=Schweitzer&rft.aufirst=Oren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjacobin.com%2F2023%2F03%2Fchile-salvador-allende-popular-unity-democratic-socialism-working-class-control-bottom-up-politics-state-action&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-N1-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-N1_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Dieter_Nohlen" title="Dieter Nohlen">Nohlen, D</a> (2005) <i>Elections in the Americas: A data handbook, Volume II</i>, p. 259 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-928358-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-928358-3">978-0-19-928358-3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cia-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cia_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070612225422/https://www.cia.gov/library/reports/general-reports-1/chile/index.html">"CIA Activities in Chile"</a>. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/reports/general-reports-1/chile/index.html">the original</a> on 12 June 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2013</span>. <q>The political action program under consideration called for the Embassy and Station to influence the Chilean Congress as it took up the matter. This involved encouraging Congress to vote for Alessandri for President in spite of the fact Allende received a slightly higher popular vote. Allende's 36.3 percent of the vote on 4 September was a plurality, not the majority required by the Constitution to prevent Congressional reaffirmation of the victory. The Station and the Embassy, working through intermediaries, urged Frei to use his influence with Congress to convince non-leftist forces to vote for Alessandri. The scenario was to have Congress elect Alessandri as President; he would then resign, thereby allowing Frei to run as a candidate against Allende in a new election.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CIA+Activities+in+Chile&rft.pub=Central+Intelligence+Agency&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Freports%2Fgeneral-reports-1%2Fchile%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRégis_Debray1972" class="citation book cs1">Régis Debray (1972). <i>The Chilean Revolution: Conversations with Allende</i>. New York: Vintage Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Chilean+Revolution%3A+Conversations+with+Allende&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Vintage+Books&rft.date=1972&rft.au=R%C3%A9gis+Debray&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPorporaNikolaevMayJenkins2013" class="citation book cs1">Porpora, Douglas V.; Nikolaev, Alexander G.; May, Julia Hagemann; Jenkins, Alexander (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fRdTAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA14"><i>Post-Ethical Society: The Iraq War, Abu Ghraib, and the Moral Failure of the Secular</i></a>. University of Chicago Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-06252-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-06252-5"><bdi>978-0-226-06252-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Post-Ethical+Society%3A+The+Iraq+War%2C+Abu+Ghraib%2C+and+the+Moral+Failure+of+the+Secular&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-226-06252-5&rft.aulast=Porpora&rft.aufirst=Douglas+V.&rft.au=Nikolaev%2C+Alexander+G.&rft.au=May%2C+Julia+Hagemann&rft.au=Jenkins%2C+Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfRdTAAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161009185456/http://santiagotimes.cl/2014/05/26/new-declassified-files-shed-light-us-role-ousting-allende/">"New declassified files shed light on US role in ousting Allende"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://santiagotimes.cl/2014/05/26/new-declassified-files-shed-light-us-role-ousting-allende/">the original</a> on 9 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+declassified+files+shed+light+on+US+role+in+ousting+Allende&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsantiagotimes.cl%2F2014%2F05%2F26%2Fnew-declassified-files-shed-light-us-role-ousting-allende%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CIA_website-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CIA_website_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kristian C. Gustafson. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070613111726/https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/csi-studies/studies/vol47no3/article03.html">"CIA Machinations in Chile in 1970: Reexamining the Record"</a>, CIA, Center for the Study of Intelligence. Retrieved 21 August 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www1.lanic.utexas.edu/project/castro/1971/">"Castro speech database"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040530180004/http://lanic.utexas.edu/project/castro/1971/">Archived</a> 30 May 2004 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, University of Texas: English translations of Castro speeches based upon the records of the (United States) Foreign Broadcast Information Service (FBIS). See locations of speeches for November–December 1971. Retrieved 22 September 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tercera_Problemas-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tercera_Problemas_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tercera_Problemas_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20070802230054/http://www.latercera.cl/medio/articulo/0,0,38035857_178048856_151840537,00.html">"Comienzan los problemas"</a> (in Spanish). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latercera.cl/medio/articulo/0,0,38035857_178048856_151840537,00.html">the original</a> on 2 August 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Comienzan+los+problemas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.latercera.cl%2Fmedio%2Farticulo%2F0%2C0%2C38035857_178048856_151840537%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span>, part of series "Icarito > Enciclopedia Virtual > Historia > Historia de Chile > Del gobierno militar a la democracia" on LaTercera.cl. Retrieved 22 September 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jornada.unam.mx/2000/05/22/mun6.html">"mun6"</a>. Jornada.unam.mx<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=mun6&rft.pub=Jornada.unam.mx&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jornada.unam.mx%2F2000%2F05%2F22%2Fmun6.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://countrystudies.us/chile/85.htm">Development and Breakdown of Democracy, 1830–1973</a>, United States <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Country_Studies" title="Library of Congress Country Studies">Library of Congress Country Studies</a>: Chile. Undated; according to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://countrystudies.us/chile/2.htm">Preface</a>, "The body of the text reflects information available as of 31 March 1994." Accessed 22 September 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Se_desata_la_crisis-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Se_desata_la_crisis_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Se_desata_la_crisis_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Se_desata_la_crisis_47-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071109230054/http://www.latercera.cl/medio/articulo/0%2C0%2C38035857_178048856_151840547%2C00.html">"Se desata la crisis"</a> (in Spanish). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latercera.cl/medio/articulo/0,0,38035857_178048856_151840547,00.html">the original</a> on 9 November 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Se+desata+la+crisis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.latercera.cl%2Fmedio%2Farticulo%2F0%2C0%2C38035857_178048856_151840547%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span> , part of series "Icarito > Enciclopedia Virtual > Historia > Historia de Chile > Del gobierno militar a la democracia" on LaTercera.cl. Retrieved 22 September 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdams2010" class="citation book cs1">Adams, Jerome R. (2010). <i>Liberators, patriots, and leaders of Latin America 32 biographies</i> (2nd ed.). Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Co. pp. 213–214. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0786455522" title="Special:BookSources/978-0786455522"><bdi>978-0786455522</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Liberators%2C+patriots%2C+and+leaders+of+Latin+America+32+biographies&rft.place=Jefferson%2C+N.C.&rft.pages=213-214&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=McFarland+%26+Co.&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0786455522&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=Jerome+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-privada-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-privada_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-privada_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSagredoGazmuri2005" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-long-vol cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Sagredo, Rafael; Gazmuri, Cristián, eds. (2005), <i>Historia de la vida privada en Chile</i> (in Spanish), vol. 3: El Chile contemporáneo. De 1925 a nuestros días (4th ed.), Santiago de Chile: Aguilar Chilena de Ediciones, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-956-239-337-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-956-239-337-9"><bdi>978-956-239-337-9</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historia+de+la+vida+privada+en+Chile&rft.place=Santiago+de+Chile&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Aguilar+Chilena+de+Ediciones&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-956-239-337-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">González 2013, p. 28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">González 2013, p. 29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gonzalez35-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gonzalez35_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gonzalez35_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">González 2013, p. 35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-estado-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-estado_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLessa1996" class="citation book cs1">Lessa, Alfonso (1996). <i>Estado de guerra – de la gestación del golpe del 73 a la caída de Bordaberry</i>. Editorial Fin de Siglo.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Estado+de+guerra+%E2%80%93+de+la+gestaci%C3%B3n+del+golpe+del+73+a+la+ca%C3%ADda+de+Bordaberry&rft.pub=Editorial+Fin+de+Siglo&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Lessa&rft.aufirst=Alfonso&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041013002715/http://literature.rebelyouth.ca/educhile_1970s/tanquetazo.html">"Second coup attempt: <i>El Tanquetazo</i> (the tank attack)"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://literature.rebelyouth.ca/educhile_1970s/tanquetazo.html">the original</a> on 13 October 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 October</span> 2004</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Second+coup+attempt%3A+El+Tanquetazo+%28the+tank+attack%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fliterature.rebelyouth.ca%2Feduchile_1970s%2Ftanquetazo.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span>, originally on RebelYouth.ca. Unsigned, but with citations. Archived on <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a> 13 October 2004.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Declaration_of_the_Breakdown_of_Chile%E2%80%99s_Democracy" class="extiw" title="s:Declaration of the Breakdown of Chile’s Democracy">English translation</a> on Wikisource</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dream-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dream_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jfk.hood.edu/Collection/Weisberg%20Subject%20Index%20Files/C%20Disk/CIA%20Chile/Item%20030.pdf">"The Bloody End of a Marxist Dream"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Time</i>. 24 September 1973<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 January</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=The+Bloody+End+of+a+Marxist+Dream&rft.date=1973-09-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjfk.hood.edu%2FCollection%2FWeisberg%2520Subject%2520Index%2520Files%2FC%2520Disk%2FCIA%2520Chile%2FItem%2520030.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Resolution-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Resolution_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Resolution_57-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"el Presidente de la República y a los señores Ministros de Estado y miembros de las Fuerzas Armadas y del Cuerpo de Carabineros" <a class="external text" href="https://es.wikisource.org/wiki/Acuerdo_de_la_C%C3%A1mara_de_Diputados_sobre_el_grave_quebrantamiento_del_orden_constitucional_y_legal_de_la_Rep%C3%BAblica">Acuerdo de la Cámara de Diputados</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAgouborde2023" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Agouborde, María Victoria (23 August 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elpais.com/chile/2023-08-23/la-camara-de-diputados-de-chile-lee-la-resolucion-de-1973-que-acuso-de-inconstitucional-al-gobierno-de-allende.html">"La Cámara de Diputados de Chile lee la resolución de 1973 que acusó de inconstitucional al Gobierno de Allende"</a>. <i>El País Chile</i> (in Spanish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=El+Pa%C3%ADs+Chile&rft.atitle=La+C%C3%A1mara+de+Diputados+de+Chile+lee+la+resoluci%C3%B3n+de+1973+que+acus%C3%B3+de+inconstitucional+al+Gobierno+de+Allende&rft.date=2023-08-23&rft.aulast=Agouborde&rft.aufirst=Mar%C3%ADa+Victoria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felpais.com%2Fchile%2F2023-08-23%2Fla-camara-de-diputados-de-chile-lee-la-resolucion-de-1973-que-acuso-de-inconstitucional-al-gobierno-de-allende.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Agreement_of_the_Chamber_of_Deputies_of_Chile" class="extiw" title="s:Agreement of the Chamber of Deputies of Chile">English translation</a> on Wikisource</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldberg1975" class="citation journal cs1">Goldberg, Peter A. (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2148700">"The Politics of the Allende Overthrow in Chile"</a>. <i>Political Science Quarterly</i>. <b>90</b> (1): 93–116. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2148700">10.2307/2148700</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0032-3195">0032-3195</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2148700">2148700</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Political+Science+Quarterly&rft.atitle=The+Politics+of+the+Allende+Overthrow+in+Chile&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=93-116&rft.date=1975&rft.issn=0032-3195&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2148700%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2148700&rft.aulast=Goldberg&rft.aufirst=Peter+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2148700&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAffairs1975" class="citation book cs1">Affairs, United States Congress House Committee on Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on Inter-American (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-20JAAAAIAAJ"><i>United States and Chile During the Allende Years, 1970-1973: Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Inter-American Affairs of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives ...</i></a> U.S. Government Printing Office. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-20JAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA393">393</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=United+States+and+Chile+During+the+Allende+Years%2C+1970-1973%3A+Hearings+Before+the+Subcommittee+on+Inter-American+Affairs+of+the+Committee+on+Foreign+Affairs%2C+House+of+Representatives+....&rft.pages=393&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1975&rft.aulast=Affairs&rft.aufirst=United+States+Congress+House+Committee+on+Foreign+Affairs+Subcommittee+on+Inter-American&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-20JAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-La_respuesta_del_Presidente_Allende-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-La_respuesta_del_Presidente_Allende_62-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-La_respuesta_del_Presidente_Allende_62-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-La_respuesta_del_Presidente_Allende_62-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> <a class="external text" href="https://es.wikisource.org/wiki/Manifiesto_al_pa%C3%ADs_de_Salvador_Allende,_respondiendo_al_acuerdo_de_la_camara_de_diputados">La respuesta del Presidente Allende</a> on Wikisource. <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Salvador_Allende%27s_Last_Speech" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Salvador Allende's Last Speech">English translation</a> on Wikisource. Retrieved 22 September 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rrojasdatabank.info/murder50.htm">"The murder of Allende and the end of the Chilean way to socialism"</a>. <i>The Róbinson Rojas Archive</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+R%C3%B3binson+Rojas+Archive&rft.atitle=The+murder+of+Allende+and+the+end+of+the+Chilean+way+to+socialism&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rrojasdatabank.info%2Fmurder50.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBill_D._MoyersHenry_Steele_Commager1990" class="citation book cs1">Bill D. Moyers; Henry Steele Commager (December 1990). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/secretgovernment00moye"><i>The secret government: the Constitution in crisis : with excerpts from "An essay on Water-gate"</i></a></span>. Seven Locks Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-932020-85-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-932020-85-7"><bdi>978-0-932020-85-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+secret+government%3A+the+Constitution+in+crisis+%3A+with+excerpts+from+%22An+essay+on+Water-gate%22&rft.pub=Seven+Locks+Press&rft.date=1990-12&rft.isbn=978-0-932020-85-7&rft.au=Bill+D.+Moyers&rft.au=Henry+Steele+Commager&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsecretgovernment00moye&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0eDTcGkOJj4"><i>The Secret Government – The Constitution In Crisis -Bill Moyers (PBS 1987)</i></a> (video). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211102/0eDTcGkOJj4">Archived</a> from the original on 2 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Secret+Government+%E2%80%93+The+Constitution+In+Crisis+-Bill+Moyers+%28PBS+1987%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D0eDTcGkOJj4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=BZGggv0hN9sC&dat=19730913&printsec=frontpage&hl=en">"Estados Unidos niega en forma rotunda participación en golpe"</a>. <i>La Nación</i>. 13 September 1973 – via Google Newspapers.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=La+Naci%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=Estados+Unidos+niega+en+forma+rotunda+participaci%C3%B3n+en+golpe&rft.date=1973-09-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3DBZGggv0hN9sC%26dat%3D19730913%26printsec%3Dfrontpage%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_67-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_67-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGustafson2007" class="citation book cs1">Gustafson, Kristian (2007). <i>Hostile Intent:U.S. Covert Operations in Chile, 1964–1974</i>. Washington, D.C.: Potomac Books. pp. 12, 203.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hostile+Intent%3AU.S.+Covert+Operations+in+Chile%2C+1964%E2%80%931974&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pages=12%2C+203&rft.pub=Potomac+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Gustafson&rft.aufirst=Kristian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070612225422/https://www.cia.gov/library/reports/general-reports-1/chile/index.html"><i>CIA Activities in Chile</i></a>, 18 September 2000, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/reports/general-reports-1/chile/index.html">the original</a> on 12 June 2007, <q>To respond to Section 311 of the Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2000 (referred to hereafter as the Hinchey Amendment), the Intelligence Community (IC), led by the National Intelligence Council, reviewed [...]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=CIA+Activities+in+Chile&rft.date=2000-09-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Freports%2Fgeneral-reports-1%2Fchile%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShane2007" class="citation cs2">Shane, Scott (18 April 2007), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140114215904/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/17/arts/17iht-dallek.1.5318101.html?_r=0&pagewanted=all">"Robert Dallek on Nixon and Kissinger"</a>, <i>The New York Times</i>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/17/arts/17iht-dallek.1.5318101.html?_r=0&pagewanted=all">the original</a> on 14 January 2014, <q>[...] phone call reacting to news of the 1973 coup in Chile [...] Kissinger grumbled [...] that American newspapers, 'instead of celebrating,' were 'bleeding because a pro-Communist government has been overthrown.' 'Isn't that something?' Nixon remarked. 'In the Eisenhower period, we would be heroes,' Kissinger said. 'Well, we didn't – as you know – our hand doesn't show on this one,' the president said.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Robert+Dallek+on+Nixon+and+Kissinger&rft.date=2007-04-18&rft.aulast=Shane&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2007%2F04%2F17%2Farts%2F17iht-dallek.1.5318101.html%3F_r%3D0%26pagewanted%3Dall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CIA_2000_12-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CIA_2000_12_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/news/20000919/01-12.htm"><i>CIA 2000 report</i></a>, p. 12, <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Archive" title="National Security Archive">National Security Archive</a>, George Washington University</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColby1973" class="citation web cs1">Colby, W.E. (16 September 1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve16/d145">"145. Memorandum From Director of Central Intelligence Colby to the President's Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Historian" title="Office of the Historian">Office of the Historian</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Office+of+the+Historian&rft.atitle=145.+Memorandum+From+Director+of+Central+Intelligence+Colby+to+the+President%27s+Assistant+for+National+Security+Affairs+%28Kissinger%29&rft.date=1973-09-16&rft.aulast=Colby&rft.aufirst=W.E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.state.gov%2Fhistoricaldocuments%2Ffrus1969-76ve16%2Fd145&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Pinochet_File-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_Pinochet_File_72-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Pinochet_File_72-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKornbluh2003" class="citation book cs1">Kornbluh, Peter (2003). <i>The Pinochet File: A Declassified Dossier on Atrocity and Accountability</i>. New York: The New Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56584-936-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56584-936-5"><bdi>978-1-56584-936-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Pinochet+File%3A+A+Declassified+Dossier+on+Atrocity+and+Accountability&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=The+New+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-56584-936-5&rft.aulast=Kornbluh&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Sun_Axelsson" title="Sun Axelsson">Axelsson, Sun</a> <i>Chili, le Dossier Noir. (Chile: The Black File)</i> <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>: <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Gallimard" title="Éditions Gallimard">Gallimard</a>, 1974, p. 87</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAd_Hoc_Interagency_Working_Group_on_Chile1970" class="citation web cs1">Ad Hoc Interagency Working Group on Chile (4 December 1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB8/ch20-01.htm">"Memorandum for Mr. Henry Kissinger"</a>. United States Department of State<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Memorandum+for+Mr.+Henry+Kissinger&rft.pub=United+States+Department+of+State&rft.date=1970-12-04&rft.au=Ad+Hoc+Interagency+Working+Group+on+Chile&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gwu.edu%2F~nsarchiv%2FNSAEBB%2FNSAEBB8%2Fch20-01.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v21/d154">"Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976, Volume XXI, Chile, 1969–1973 - Office of the Historian"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Foreign+Relations+of+the+United+States%2C+1969%E2%80%931976%2C+Volume+XXI%2C+Chile%2C+1969%E2%80%931973+-+Office+of+the+Historian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.state.gov%2Fhistoricaldocuments%2Ffrus1969-76v21%2Fd154&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091020110606/http://foia.state.gov/Reports/HincheyReport.asp#17">"U.S. Dept. of State FOIA Electronic Reading Room – Hinchey Report (CIA Activities in Chile)"</a>. Foia.state.gov. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://foia.state.gov/Reports/HincheyReport.asp#17">the original</a> on 20 October 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.+Dept.+of+State+FOIA+Electronic+Reading+Room+%E2%80%93+Hinchey+Report+%28CIA+Activities+in+Chile%29&rft.pub=Foia.state.gov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffoia.state.gov%2FReports%2FHincheyReport.asp%2317&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStout2003" class="citation news cs1">Stout, David (30 January 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2003/01/30/world/edward-korry-81-is-dead-falsely-tied-to-chile-coup.html?pagewanted=1">"Edward Korry, 81, Is Dead; Falsely Tied to Chile Coup"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Edward+Korry%2C+81%2C+Is+Dead%3B+Falsely+Tied+to+Chile+Coup&rft.date=2003-01-30&rft.aulast=Stout&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2003%2F01%2F30%2Fworld%2Fedward-korry-81-is-dead-falsely-tied-to-chile-coup.html%3Fpagewanted%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.democracynow.org/blog/2013/9/10/the_pinochet_file_how_us_politicians_banks_corporations_aided_chilean_coup_dictatorship">The Pinochet File: How U.S. Politicians, Banks and Corporations Aided Chilean Coup, Dictatorship</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Democracy_Now!" title="Democracy Now!">Democracy Now!</a></i> 10 September 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMontgomery1973" class="citation news cs1">Montgomery, Paul L. (29 September 1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB0815FA3554137A93CBAB1782D85F478785F9">"I.T.T. OFFICE HERE DAMAGED BY BOMB; Caller Linked Explosion at Latin-American Section to 'Crimes in Chile' I.T.T. Latin-American Office on Madison Ave. Damaged by Bomb Fire in Rome Office Bombing on the Coast Rally the Opponents"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=I.T.T.+OFFICE+HERE+DAMAGED+BY+BOMB%3B+Caller+Linked+Explosion+at+Latin-American+Section+to+%27Crimes+in+Chile%27+I.T.T.+Latin-American+Office+on+Madison+Ave.+Damaged+by+Bomb+Fire+in+Rome+Office+Bombing+on+the+Coast+Rally+the+Opponents&rft.date=1973-09-29&rft.aulast=Montgomery&rft.aufirst=Paul+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fselect.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Fabstract.html%3Fres%3DFB0815FA3554137A93CBAB1782D85F478785F9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAyersDohrnJones2011" class="citation book cs1">Ayers, Bill; Dohrn, Bernardine; Jones, Jeff (4 January 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=X2OJhrWo6PcC&dq=itt+bomb+1973&pg=PT257"><i>Sing a Battle Song: The Revolutionary Poetry, Statements, and Communiques of the Weather Underground 1970-1974</i></a>. Seven Stories Press. p. 257. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58322-965-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58322-965-1"><bdi>978-1-58322-965-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sing+a+Battle+Song%3A+The+Revolutionary+Poetry%2C+Statements%2C+and+Communiques+of+the+Weather+Underground+1970-1974&rft.pages=257&rft.pub=Seven+Stories+Press&rft.date=2011-01-04&rft.isbn=978-1-58322-965-1&rft.aulast=Ayers&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft.au=Dohrn%2C+Bernardine&rft.au=Jones%2C+Jeff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DX2OJhrWo6PcC%26dq%3Ditt%2Bbomb%2B1973%26pg%3DPT257&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jack Devine & Peter Kornbluh, 'Showdown in Santiago: What Really Happened in Chile?', Foreign Affairs 93 (2014), 168-174.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_82-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_82-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaborde2023" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Laborde, Antonia (11 September 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elpais.com/chile/2023-09-11/minuto-a-minuto-asi-fue-el-golpe-militar-del-11-de-septiembre-de-1973-en-chile.html">"Minuto a minuto: así fue el golpe militar del 11 de septiembre de 1973 en Chile"</a>. <i>El País Chile</i> (in Spanish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=El+Pa%C3%ADs+Chile&rft.atitle=Minuto+a+minuto%3A+as%C3%AD+fue+el+golpe+militar+del+11+de+septiembre+de+1973+en+Chile&rft.date=2023-09-11&rft.aulast=Laborde&rft.aufirst=Antonia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felpais.com%2Fchile%2F2023-09-11%2Fminuto-a-minuto-asi-fue-el-golpe-militar-del-11-de-septiembre-de-1973-en-chile.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160429004202/http://diario.latercera.com/2013/09/07/01/contenido/reportajes/25-145786-9-el-balcon-del-adios.shtml">"El balcón del adiós | Reportajes"</a>. 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Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA: The University of North Carolina Press. p. 11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8078-3495-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8078-3495-4"><bdi>978-0-8078-3495-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Allende%27s+Chile+and+the+Inter-American+Cold+War&rft.place=Chapel+Hill%2C+North+Carolina%2C+USA&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=The+University+of+North+Carolina+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-8078-3495-4&rft.aulast=Harmer&rft.aufirst=Tanya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.state.gov/milestones/1969-1976/allende">"The Allende Years and the Pinochet Coup, 1969–1973"</a>. <i>Office of the Historian</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Office+of+the+Historian&rft.atitle=The+Allende+Years+and+the+Pinochet+Coup%2C+1969%E2%80%931973&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.state.gov%2Fmilestones%2F1969-1976%2Fallende&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">La misión era matar: el juicio a la caravana Pinochet-Arellano, By Jorge Escalante Hidalgo, Page 43, <a href="/wiki/LOM_Ediciones" title="LOM Ediciones">LOM Ediciones</a>, 2000</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=FewtAAAAIBAJ&pg=7165,1410181&dq">"ROME NEWS TRIBUNE Sep 11, 1973"</a>. 11 September 1973<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Verso. p. 64. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84467-030-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84467-030-7"><bdi>978-1-84467-030-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Nixon+Administration+and+the+Death+of+Allende%27s+Chile%3A+A+Case+of+Assisted+Suicide&rft.pages=64&rft.pub=Verso&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-84467-030-7&rft.au=Jonathan+Haslam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcBcDJ34AJGMC%26pg%3DPA64&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ferrada-noli.blogspot.com-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ferrada-noli.blogspot.com_90-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarvallo1999" class="citation web cs1">Carvallo, Mauricio (September 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gap-chile.org/nuestros-martires/">"El Regreso de los GAP – La Vida por Salvador Allende"</a>. <i>Salvador Allende GAP. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=In+Chile%2C+a+New+Generation+Revisits+Haunted+Space&rft.aulast=Wilde&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fordfound.org%2Fpublications%2Fff_report%2Fview_ff_report_detail.cfm%3Freport_index%3D384&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFison2013" class="citation web cs1">Fison, Maryrose (12 September 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/world/la-xpm-2013-sep-12-la-fg-wn-chile-military-coup-anniversary-20130912-story.html">"Chileans honor those tortured, killed after 1973 military coup"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Chileans+honor+those+tortured%2C+killed+after+1973+military+coup&rft.date=2013-09-12&rft.aulast=Fison&rft.aufirst=Maryrose&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fworld%2Fla-xpm-2013-sep-12-la-fg-wn-chile-military-coup-anniversary-20130912-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHilton1997" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Hilton" title="Ronald Hilton">Hilton, Ronald</a> (22 December 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061026205854/http://wais.stanford.edu/Chile/chile_conflict.html">"Chile: The Continuing Historical Conflict"</a>. <a href="/wiki/World_Association_of_International_Studies" title="World Association of International Studies">World Association of International Studies</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wais.stanford.edu/Chile/chile_conflict.html">the original</a> on 26 October 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chile%3A+The+Continuing+Historical+Conflict&rft.pub=World+Association+of+International+Studies&rft.date=1997-12-22&rft.aulast=Hilton&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwais.stanford.edu%2FChile%2Fchile_conflict.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.memoriaviva.com/criminales/criminales_c/carvajal_prado_patricio.htm">"Patricio Carvajal Prado"</a>. <i>Memoria Viva</i>. 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Memoria+Viva&rft.atitle=Patricio+Carvajal+Prado&rft.date=2015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.memoriaviva.com%2Fcriminales%2Fcriminales_c%2Fcarvajal_prado_patricio.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarroll2011" class="citation news cs1">Carroll, Rory (5 June 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://advance.lexis.com/api/document?collection=news&id=urn:contentItem:531F-86C1-JCDH-0208-00000-00">"Exhumation fails to end mystery over death of Salvador Allende"</a>. <i>The Observer</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Observer&rft.atitle=Exhumation+fails+to+end+mystery+over+death+of+Salvador+Allende&rft.date=2011-06-05&rft.aulast=Carroll&rft.aufirst=Rory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fadvance.lexis.com%2Fapi%2Fdocument%3Fcollection%3Dnews%26id%3Durn%3AcontentItem%3A531F-86C1-JCDH-0208-00000-00&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRojas1975" class="citation book cs1">Rojas, Róbinson (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rrojasdatabank.info/murder.htm"><i>The murder of Allende and the end of the Chilean way to socialism</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Harper_and_Row" class="mw-redirect" title="Harper and Row">Harper and Row</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fitzhenry_%26_Whiteside" title="Fitzhenry & Whiteside">Fitzhenry & Whiteside</a> – via RRojasDatabank.info.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+murder+of+Allende+and+the+end+of+the+Chilean+way+to+socialism&rft.pub=Harper+and+Row%2C+Fitzhenry+%26+Whiteside&rft.date=1975&rft.aulast=Rojas&rft.aufirst=R%C3%B3binson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rrojasdatabank.info%2Fmurder.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ak-47-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ak-47_105-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/jul/20/salvador-allende-committed-suicide-autopsy">"Chilean president Salvador Allende committed suicide, autopsy confirms"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. 20 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Chilean+president+Salvador+Allende+committed+suicide%2C+autopsy+confirms&rft.date=2011-07-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2011%2Fjul%2F20%2Fsalvador-allende-committed-suicide-autopsy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVegaraWarren2011" class="citation news cs1">Vegara, Eva; Warren, Michael (31 May 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.boston.com/news/science/articles/2011/05/31/chile_tv_secret_report_suggests_allende_murdered/">"Chile TV: Secret report suggests Allende murdered"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Boston_Globe" title="The Boston Globe">The Boston Globe</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Augusto Pinochet's coup, some in Chile remember the dictatorship fondly"</a>. <i>Associated Press</i>. 11 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=A+half-century+after+Gen.+Augusto+Pinochet%27s+coup%2C+some+in+Chile+remember+the+dictatorship+fondly&rft.date=2023-09-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fchile-pinochet-dictatorship-5d500715f016804990d0898ff6d89907&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/divided-chile-marks-50-years-since-pinochets-bloody-military-coup-2023-09-11/">"A divided Chile marks 50 years since Pinochet's bloody military coup"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. 11 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=A+divided+Chile+marks+50+years+since+Pinochet%27s+bloody+military+coup&rft.date=2023-09-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Famericas%2Fdivided-chile-marks-50-years-since-pinochets-bloody-military-coup-2023-09-11%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1973_Chilean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBawden2016" class="citation book cs1">Bawden, John R. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ELScDAAAQBAJ"><i>The Pinochet generation: the Chilean military in the twentieth century</i></a>. Tuscaloosa: <a href="/wiki/The_University_of_Alabama_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="The University of Alabama Press">The University of Alabama Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8173-1928-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8173-1928-1"><bdi>978-0-8173-1928-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Pinochet+generation%3A+the+Chilean+military+in+the+twentieth+century&rft.place=Tuscaloosa&rft.pub=The+University+of+Alabama+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-8173-1928-1&rft.aulast=Bawden&rft.aufirst=John+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DELScDAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollierSater1996" class="citation book cs1">Collier, Simon; Sater, William F. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Lx8iIxafDVYC"><i>A history of Chile, 1808-1994</i></a>. Cambridge Latin American studies. Cambridge ; New York ; Melbourne: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-56827-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-56827-2"><bdi>978-0-521-56827-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+history+of+Chile%2C+1808-1994&rft.place=Cambridge+%3B+New+York+%3B+Melbourne&rft.series=Cambridge+Latin+American+studies&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-521-56827-2&rft.aulast=Collier&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft.au=Sater%2C+William+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLx8iIxafDVYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFaúndez1988" class="citation book cs1">Faúndez, Julio (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jZ4_EAAAQBAJ"><i>Marxism and democracy in Chile: from 1932 to the fall of Allende</i></a>. New Haven, Conn.: <a href="/wiki/Yale_University_Press" title="Yale University Press">Yale University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-04024-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-04024-1"><bdi>978-0-300-04024-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Marxism+and+democracy+in+Chile%3A+from+1932+to+the+fall+of+Allende&rft.place=New+Haven%2C+Conn.&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-300-04024-1&rft.aulast=Fa%C3%BAndez&rft.aufirst=Julio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjZ4_EAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCamus1988" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Camus, Ignacio González (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=H3doDwAAQBAJ"><i>El día en que murió Allende</i></a> [<i>The day that Allende Died</i>] (in Spanish). Santiago: <a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Social_Studies" title="Centre for Social Studies">CESOC</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9-563-24196-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-9-563-24196-9"><bdi>978-9-563-24196-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=El+d%C3%ADa+en+que+muri%C3%B3+Allende&rft.place=Santiago&rft.pub=CESOC&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-9-563-24196-9&rft.aulast=Camus&rft.aufirst=Ignacio+Gonz%C3%A1lez&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DH3doDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGonzález2012" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B3nica_Gonz%C3%A1lez_(journalist)" title="Mónica González (journalist)">González, Mónica</a> (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9gZNDwAAQBAJ"><i>La conjura: los mil y un dias del golpe</i></a> [<i>The conspiracy: the thousand and one days of the coup</i>]. Periodismo de Investigación (in Spanish). Santiago de Chile: <a href="/wiki/Universidad_Diego_Portales" class="mw-redirect" title="Universidad Diego Portales">Ediciones Universidad Diego Portales</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-956-324-134-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-956-324-134-1"><bdi>978-956-324-134-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+conjura%3A+los+mil+y+un+dias+del+golpe&rft.place=Santiago+de+Chile&rft.series=Periodismo+de+Investigaci%C3%B3n&rft.pub=Ediciones+Universidad+Diego+Portales&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-956-324-134-1&rft.aulast=Gonz%C3%A1lez&rft.aufirst=M%C3%B3nica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9gZNDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoogvelt2017" class="citation book cs1">Hoogvelt, Ankie M. M. (2017) [1997]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WCFHEAAAQBAJ"><i>Globalization and the Postcolonial World: The New Political Economy of Development</i></a>. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-137-06331-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-137-06331-1"><bdi>978-1-137-06331-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Globalization+and+the+Postcolonial+World%3A+The+New+Political+Economy+of+Development&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-137-06331-1&rft.aulast=Hoogvelt&rft.aufirst=Ankie+M.+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWCFHEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaramessines1970" class="citation web cs1">Karamessines, Thomas (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB8/ch05-01.htm">"Operating guidance cable on coup plotting in Chile"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Security_Council" title="United States National Security Council">United States National Security Council</a></i>. Washington.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+National+Security+Council&rft.atitle=Operating+guidance+cable+on+coup+plotting+in+Chile&rft.date=1970&rft.aulast=Karamessines&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnsarchive2.gwu.edu%2FNSAEBB%2FNSAEBB8%2Fch05-01.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKirkpatrick1979" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jeane_Kirkpatrick" title="Jeane Kirkpatrick">Kirkpatrick, Jeane</a> (November 1979). <a href="/wiki/Dictatorships_and_Double_Standards" title="Dictatorships and Double Standards">"Dictatorships and Double Standards"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Commentary_(magazine)" title="Commentary (magazine)">Commentary</a></i>. Vol. 68, no. 5. pp. 34–45.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Commentary&rft.atitle=Dictatorships+and+Double+Standards&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=34-45&rft.date=1979-11&rft.aulast=Kirkpatrick&rft.aufirst=Jeane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKissinger1970" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Kissinger, Henry</a> (9 November 1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB8/ch09-01.htm">"National Security Decision 93: Policy Towards Chile"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Security_Council" title="United States National Security Council">United States National Security Council</a></i>. Washington.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+National+Security+Council&rft.atitle=National+Security+Decision+93%3A+Policy+Towards+Chile&rft.date=1970-11-09&rft.aulast=Kissinger&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnsarchive2.gwu.edu%2FNSAEBB%2FNSAEBB8%2Fch09-01.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKornbluh2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kornbluh" title="Peter Kornbluh">Kornbluh, Peter</a> (2003). <a href="/wiki/The_Pinochet_File" title="The Pinochet File"><i>The Pinochet file: a declassified dossier on atrocity and accountability</i></a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/The_New_Press" title="The New Press">The New Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56584-586-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56584-586-2"><bdi>978-1-56584-586-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Pinochet+file%3A+a+declassified+dossier+on+atrocity+and+accountability&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=The+New+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-56584-586-2&rft.aulast=Kornbluh&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorton-Taylor1999" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Norton-Taylor" title="Richard Norton-Taylor">Norton-Taylor, Richard</a> (8 July 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/comment/story/0,3604,289701,00.html">"Truth will out: Unearthing the declassified documents in America which give the lie to Lady Thatcher's outburst"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. London.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Truth+will+out%3A+Unearthing+the+declassified+documents+in+America+which+give+the+lie+to+Lady+Thatcher%27s+outburst&rft.date=1999-07-08&rft.aulast=Norton-Taylor&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fcomment%2Fstory%2F0%2C3604%2C289701%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNove2012" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Nove" title="Alexander Nove">Nove, Alec</a> (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NWn4BbCEH6gC"><i>Socialism, Economics and Development</i></a>. Routledge Revivals. London: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-136-58266-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-136-58266-0"><bdi>978-1-136-58266-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Socialism%2C+Economics+and+Development&rft.place=London&rft.series=Routledge+Revivals&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-136-58266-0&rft.aulast=Nove&rft.aufirst=Alec&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNWn4BbCEH6gC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetrasMorley1974" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Petras" title="James Petras">Petras, James F.</a>; Morley, Morris H. (1974). <i>How Allende fell: a study in U.S.-Chilean relations</i>. Nottingham: <a href="/wiki/Spokesman_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Spokesman Books">Spokesman Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85124-090-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85124-090-9"><bdi>978-0-85124-090-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+Allende+fell%3A+a+study+in+U.S.-Chilean+relations&rft.place=Nottingham&rft.pub=Spokesman+Books&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=978-0-85124-090-9&rft.aulast=Petras&rft.aufirst=James+F.&rft.au=Morley%2C+Morris+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSigmund1986" class="citation book cs1">Sigmund, Paul E. (1986). "Chapter 6: Development Strategies in Chile, 1964–1983: The Lessons of Failure". In Kim, Ilpyong J. (ed.). <i>Development and cultural change: cross-cultural perspectives</i>. An Icus Book Science and values series (2. ed.). New York, NY: <a href="/wiki/Paragon_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Paragon House">Paragon House</a>. pp. 159–178. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89226-041-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89226-041-6"><bdi>978-0-89226-041-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+6%3A+Development+Strategies+in+Chile%2C+1964%E2%80%931983%3A+The+Lessons+of+Failure&rft.btitle=Development+and+cultural+change%3A+cross-cultural+perspectives&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.series=An+Icus+Book+Science+and+values+series&rft.pages=159-178&rft.edition=2.&rft.pub=Paragon+House&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0-89226-041-6&rft.aulast=Sigmund&rft.aufirst=Paul+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFValenzuelaValenzuela1993" class="citation book cs1">Valenzuela, J. Samuel; Valenzuela, Arturo (1993). "Modernisation and Dependency: Alternative Perspectives in the Study of Latin-American Underdervelopment". In Seligson, Mitchell A.; Passé-Smith, John T. (eds.). <i>Development and underdevelopment: the political economy of inequality</i>. Boulder, Colo: <a href="/wiki/L._Rienner_Publishers" class="mw-redirect" title="L. Rienner Publishers">L. Rienner Publishers</a>. pp. 203–216. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55587-400-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55587-400-1"><bdi>978-1-55587-400-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Modernisation+and+Dependency%3A+Alternative+Perspectives+in+the+Study+of+Latin-American+Underdervelopment&rft.btitle=Development+and+underdevelopment%3A+the+political+economy+of+inequality&rft.place=Boulder%2C+Colo&rft.pages=203-216&rft.pub=L.+Rienner+Publishers&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-1-55587-400-1&rft.aulast=Valenzuela&rft.aufirst=J.+Samuel&rft.au=Valenzuela%2C+Arturo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1973+Chilean+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span 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class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/1973_Chilean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/1973 Chilean coup d'état">1973 Chilean coup d'état</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041207045359/http://www.salvador-allende.cl/Cronologia/cronologia.htm">Cronología</a>, Salvador-Allende.cl, originally published in <i>Archivo Salvador Allende</i>, number 14. An extensive Spanish-language site providing a day-by-day chronology of the Allende era. This is clearly a partisan, pro-Allende source, but the research and detail are enormous. <span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/latin_america/chile.htm">National Security Archive's Chile Documentation Project</a> which provides documents obtained from FOIA requests regarding U.S. involvement in Chile, beginning with attempts to promote a coup in 1970 and continuing through U.S. support for Pinochet</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090911173014/http://foia.state.gov/Reports/ChurchReport.asp">US Dept. of State FOIA Church Report (Covert Action in Chile)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.democracynow.org/2010/9/15/another_9_11_anniversary_september_11">11 September 1973, When US-Backed Pinochet Forces Took Power in Chile</a> – video report by <i><a href="/wiki/Democracy_Now!" title="Democracy Now!">Democracy Now!</a></i></li> <li>Miliband, Ralph (11 September 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160107182758/https://www.jacobinmag.com/2015/09/chile-coup-santiago-allende-social-democracy-september-11/">The Coup in Chile</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Jacobin_(magazine)" title="Jacobin (magazine)">Jacobin</a></i>.</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235611614">.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);margin:0.5em 0;padding:0.2em;line-height:1.5em;font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-header{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-listen-to{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-files{text-align:center;margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-icon{float:left;margin-left:5px;margin-top:10px}.mw-parser-output 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class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1973_Chilean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Template:1973 Chilean coup d'état"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1973_Chilean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Template talk:1973 Chilean coup d'état"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1973_Chilean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1973 Chilean coup d'état"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="1973_Chilean_coup_d&#039;état" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1973 Chilean coup d'état</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_intervention_in_Chile" title="United States intervention in Chile">United States intervention in Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schneider_Doctrine" title="Schneider Doctrine">Schneider Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_Chilean_presidential_election" title="1970 Chilean presidential election">1970 election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_FUBELT" title="Project FUBELT">Project FUBELT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Salvador_Allende" title="Presidency of Salvador Allende">Presidency of Salvador Allende</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Prats" title="Carlos Prats">Carlos Prats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alejandrina_Cox_incident" title="Alejandrina Cox incident">Alejandrina Cox incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Altamirano" title="Carlos Altamirano">Carlos Altamirano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanquetazo" title="Tanquetazo">Tanquetazo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Participants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Allende" title="Salvador Allende">Salvador Allende</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augusto_Pinochet" title="Augusto Pinochet">Augusto Pinochet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Toribio_Merino" title="José Toribio Merino">José Toribio Merino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Leigh" title="Gustavo Leigh">Gustavo Leigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Mendoza" title="César Mendoza">César Mendoza</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aftermath</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_Junta_of_Chile_(1973)" title="Government Junta of Chile (1973)">Government Junta of Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Enr%C3%ADquez_(politician)" title="Miguel Enríquez (politician)">Miguel Enriquez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Condor" title="Operation Condor">Operation Condor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Prats#Assassination" title="Carlos Prats">Assassination of Carlos Prats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attempted_assassination_of_Bernardo_Leighton" title="Attempted assassination of Bernardo Leighton">Attempted assassination of Bernardo Leighton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Orlando_Letelier" title="Assassination of Orlando Letelier">Assassination of Orlando Letelier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_dictatorship_of_Chile_(1973%E2%80%9390)" class="mw-redirect" title="Military dictatorship of Chile (1973–90)">Chile under Pinochet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Boys" title="Chicago Boys">Chicago Boys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indictment_and_arrest_of_Augusto_Pinochet" title="Indictment and arrest of Augusto Pinochet">Indictment and arrest of Pinochet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Controversies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Salvador_Allende" title="Death of Salvador Allende">Death of Salvador Allende</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticisms_of_Salvador_Allende" class="mw-redirect" title="Criticisms of Salvador Allende">Criticisms of Salvador Allende</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_abuses_in_Chile_under_Augusto_Pinochet" title="Human rights abuses in Chile under Augusto Pinochet">Human rights violations under Pinochet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cold_War" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cold_War" title="Template:Cold War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cold_War" title="Template talk:Cold War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cold_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cold War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cold_War" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact" title="Warsaw Pact">Warsaw Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANZUS" title="ANZUS">ANZUS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Treaty_Organization" title="Central Treaty Organization">METO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia_Treaty_Organization" title="Southeast Asia Treaty Organization">SEATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Asia_Treaty_Organization" title="Northeast Asia Treaty Organization">NEATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-American_Treaty_of_Reciprocal_Assistance" title="Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance">Rio Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1940s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Morgenthau_Plan" title="Morgenthau Plan">Morgenthau Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hukbalahap_rebellion" title="Hukbalahap rebellion">Hukbalahap rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_political_conflict" title="Jamaican political conflict">Jamaican political conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dekemvriana" title="Dekemvriana">Dekemvriana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_war_in_the_Baltic_states" title="Guerrilla war in the Baltic states">Guerrilla war in the Baltic states</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Priboi" title="Operation Priboi">Operation <i>Priboi</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Jungle" title="Operation Jungle">Operation <i>Jungle</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Baltic_states" title="Occupation of the Baltic states">Occupation of the Baltic states</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cursed_soldiers" title="Cursed soldiers">Cursed soldiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Unthinkable" title="Operation Unthinkable">Operation <i>Unthinkable</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gouzenko_Affair" title="Gouzenko Affair">Gouzenko Affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Korea" title="Division of Korea">Division of Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Revolution" title="Indonesian National Revolution">Indonesian National Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Vietnam_(1945%E2%80%931946)" title="War in Vietnam (1945–1946)">Operation <i>Masterdom</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Beleaguer" title="Operation Beleaguer">Operation <i>Beleaguer</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Blacklist_Forty" title="Operation Blacklist Forty">Operation <i>Blacklist Forty</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_crisis_of_1946" title="Iran crisis of 1946">Iran crisis of 1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Civil_War" title="Greek Civil War">Greek Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baruch_Plan" title="Baruch Plan">Baruch Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corfu_Channel_incident" title="Corfu Channel incident">Corfu Channel incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Straits_crisis" title="Turkish Straits crisis">Turkish Straits crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restatement_of_Policy_on_Germany" title="Restatement of Policy on Germany">Restatement of Policy on Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Indochina_War" title="First Indochina War">First Indochina War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1947_Polish_parliamentary_election" title="1947 Polish parliamentary election">1947 Polish parliamentary election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truman_Doctrine" title="Truman Doctrine">Truman Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Relations_Conference" title="Asian Relations Conference">Asian Relations Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1947_crises" title="May 1947 crises">May 1947 crises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">Partition of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_war_of_1947%E2%80%931948" title="Indo-Pakistani war of 1947–1948">Indo-Pakistani war of 1947–1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Palestine_war" title="1948 Palestine war">1947–1949 Palestine war</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1947%E2%80%931948_civil_war_in_Mandatory_Palestine" title="1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine">1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War">1948 Arab–Israeli War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Palestinian_expulsion_and_flight" title="1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight">1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Plan" title="Marshall Plan">Marshall Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comecon" title="Comecon">Comecon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Czechoslovak_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état">1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_Control_Council#Incapacitation_of_the_council" title="Allied Control Council">Incapacitation of the Allied Control Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Wathbah_uprising" title="Al-Wathbah uprising">Al-Wathbah uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tito%E2%80%93Stalin_split" title="Tito–Stalin split">Tito–Stalin split</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Blockade" title="Berlin Blockade">Berlin Blockade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Hyderabad" title="Annexation of Hyderabad">Annexation of Hyderabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madiun_Affair" title="Madiun Affair">Madiun Affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_betrayal" title="Western betrayal">Western betrayal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Curtain" title="Iron Curtain">Iron Curtain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc" title="Eastern Bloc">Eastern Bloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Bloc" title="Western Bloc">Western Bloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Revolution" title="Chinese Communist Revolution">Chinese Communist Revolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_Emergency" title="Malayan Emergency">Malayan Emergency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1949_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="March 1949 Syrian coup d'état">March 1949 Syrian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Valuable" title="Operation Valuable">Operation Valuable</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1950s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bamboo_curtain" title="Bamboo curtain">Bamboo curtain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McCarthyism" title="McCarthyism">McCarthyism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Cold_War" title="Arab Cold War">Arab Cold War (1952–1979)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Egyptian_revolution" title="1952 Egyptian revolution">1952 Egyptian revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Intifada_(1952)" title="Iraqi Intifada (1952)">Iraqi Intifada (1952)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mau_Mau_rebellion" title="Mau Mau rebellion">Mau Mau rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_German_uprising_of_1953" title="East German uprising of 1953">East German uprising of 1953</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_Iranian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1953 Iranian coup d'état">1953 Iranian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pact_of_Madrid" title="Pact of Madrid">Pact of Madrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bricker_Amendment" title="Bricker Amendment">Bricker Amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1954 Syrian coup d'état">1954 Syrian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrov_Affair" title="Petrov Affair">Petrov Affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domino_theory" title="Domino theory">Domino theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_Geneva_Conference" title="1954 Geneva Conference">1954 Geneva Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_Guatemalan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1954 Guatemalan coup d'état">1954 Guatemalan coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_the_Tuapse" title="Capture of the Tuapse">Capture of the <i>Tuapse</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Taiwan_Strait_Crisis" title="First Taiwan Strait Crisis">First Taiwan Strait Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jebel_Akhdar_War" title="Jebel Akhdar War">Jebel Akhdar War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_War" title="Algerian War">Algerian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_Princess" title="Kashmir Princess">Kashmir Princess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandung_Conference" title="Bandung Conference">Bandung Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva_Summit_(1955)" title="Geneva Summit (1955)">Geneva Summit (1955)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Emergency" title="Cyprus Emergency">Cyprus Emergency</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/On_the_Cult_of_Personality_and_Its_Consequences" title="On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences">On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Pozna%C5%84_protests" title="1956 Poznań protests">1956 Poznań protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1956" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1956">Hungarian Revolution of 1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_October" title="Polish October">Polish October</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suez_Crisis" title="Suez Crisis">Suez Crisis</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/We_will_bury_you" title="We will bury you">We will bury you</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Gladio" title="Operation Gladio">Operation <i>Gladio</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Crisis_of_1957" title="Syrian Crisis of 1957">Syrian Crisis of 1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_crisis" title="Sputnik crisis">Sputnik crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ifni_War" title="Ifni War">Ifni War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14_July_Revolution" title="14 July Revolution">Iraqi 14 July Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_Lebanon_crisis" title="1958 Lebanon crisis">1958 Lebanon crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Taiwan_Strait_Crisis" title="Second Taiwan Strait Crisis">Second Taiwan Strait Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_Mosul_uprising" title="1959 Mosul uprising">1959 Mosul uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_Tibetan_uprising" title="1959 Tibetan uprising">1959 Tibetan uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laotian_Civil_War" title="Laotian Civil War">Laotian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitchen_Debate" title="Kitchen Debate">Kitchen Debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Revolution" title="Cuban Revolution">Cuban Revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consolidation_of_the_Cuban_Revolution" title="Consolidation of the Cuban Revolution">Consolidation of the Cuban Revolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Soviet_split" title="Sino-Soviet split">Sino-Soviet split</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congo_Crisis" title="Congo Crisis">Congo Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simba_rebellion" title="Simba rebellion">Simba rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_U-2_incident" title="1960 U-2 incident">1960 U-2 incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Pigs_Invasion" title="Bay of Pigs Invasion">Bay of Pigs Invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Turkish_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1960 Turkish coup d'état">1960 Turkish coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian%E2%80%93Soviet_split" title="Albanian–Soviet split">Albanian–Soviet split</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Expulsion_of_Soviets_from_Albania" title="Expulsion of Soviets from Albania">Expulsion of Soviets from Albania</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi%E2%80%93Kurdish_conflict" title="Iraqi–Kurdish conflict">Iraqi–Kurdish conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Iraqi%E2%80%93Kurdish_War" title="First Iraqi–Kurdish War">First Iraqi–Kurdish War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Crisis_of_1961" title="Berlin Crisis of 1961">Berlin Crisis of 1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Wall" title="Berlin Wall">Berlin Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Goa" title="Annexation of Goa">Annexation of Goa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_conflict" title="Papua conflict">Papua conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Malaysia_confrontation" title="Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation">Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sand_War" title="Sand War">Sand War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Colonial_War" title="Portuguese Colonial War">Portuguese Colonial War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_War_of_Independence" title="Angolan War of Independence">Angolan War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau_War_of_Independence" title="Guinea-Bissau War of Independence">Guinea-Bissau War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambican_War_of_Independence" title="Mozambican War of Independence">Mozambican War of Independence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Missile_Crisis" title="Cuban Missile Crisis">Cuban Missile Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Porte%C3%B1azo" title="El Porteñazo">El Porteñazo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Indian_War" title="Sino-Indian War">Sino-Indian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_insurgency_in_Sarawak" title="Communist insurgency in Sarawak">Communist insurgency in Sarawak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramadan_Revolution" title="Ramadan Revolution">Ramadan Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_War_of_Independence" title="Eritrean War of Independence">Eritrean War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Yemen_civil_war" title="North Yemen civil war">North Yemen civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1963 Syrian coup d'état">1963 Syrian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Assassination of John F. Kennedy">Assassination of John F. Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aden_Emergency" title="Aden Emergency">Aden Emergency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_intercommunal_violence#Crisis_of_1963–1964" title="Cypriot intercommunal violence">Cyprus crisis of 1963–1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shifta_War" title="Shifta War">Shifta War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Dirty_War" title="Mexican Dirty War">Mexican Dirty War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tlatelolco_massacre" title="Tlatelolco massacre">Tlatelolco massacre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemalan_Civil_War" title="Guatemalan Civil War">Guatemalan Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_conflict" title="Colombian conflict">Colombian conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Brazilian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1964 Brazilian coup d'état">1964 Brazilian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Civil_War" title="Dominican Civil War">Dominican Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodesian_Bush_War" title="Rhodesian Bush War">Rhodesian Bush War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_mass_killings_of_1965%E2%80%9366" title="Indonesian mass killings of 1965–66">Indonesian mass killings of 1965–1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_to_the_New_Order" title="Transition to the New Order">Transition to the New Order (Indonesia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Declaration" title="ASEAN Declaration">ASEAN Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1966 Syrian coup d'état">1966 Syrian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Revolution" title="Cultural Revolution">Cultural Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Revolution" title="Argentine Revolution">Argentine Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Border_War" title="South African Border War">South African Border War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_DMZ_Conflict" title="Korean DMZ Conflict">Korean DMZ Conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12-3_incident" title="12-3 incident">12-3 incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_junta" title="Greek junta">Greek junta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1967_Hong_Kong_riots" title="1967 Hong Kong riots">1967 Hong Kong riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Years_of_Lead_(Italy)" title="Years of Lead (Italy)">Years of Lead (Italy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_Attrition" title="War of Attrition">War of Attrition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhofar_War" title="Dhofar War">Dhofar War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Wadiah_War" title="Al-Wadiah War">Al-Wadiah War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_Civil_War" title="Nigerian Civil War">Nigerian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protests_of_1968" title="Protests of 1968">Protests of 1968</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_68" title="May 68">May 68</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prague_Spring" title="Prague Spring">Prague Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Pueblo_(AGER-2)#Pueblo_incident" title="USS Pueblo (AGER-2)">USS <i>Pueblo</i> incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Polish_political_crisis" title="1968 Polish political crisis">1968 Polish political crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968%E2%80%931971_East_Pakistan_communist_insurgency" title="1968–1971 East Pakistan communist insurgency">1968–1971 East Pakistan communist insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_insurgency_in_Malaysia_(1968%E2%80%931989)" title="Communist insurgency in Malaysia (1968–1989)">Communist insurgency in Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact_invasion_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia">Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17_July_Revolution" title="17 July Revolution">17 July Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Peruvian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1968 Peruvian coup d'état">1968 Peruvian coup d'état</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Government_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_Peru" title="Revolutionary Government of the Armed Forces of Peru">Revolutionary Government</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Sudanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1969 Sudanese coup d'état">1969 Sudanese coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Libyan_revolution" title="1969 Libyan revolution">1969 Libyan revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goulash_Communism" title="Goulash Communism">Goulash Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Soviet_border_conflict" title="Sino-Soviet border conflict">Sino-Soviet border conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_People%27s_Army_rebellion" title="New People's Army rebellion">New People's Army rebellion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9tente" title="Détente">Détente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Non-Proliferation_of_Nuclear_Weapons" title="Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons">Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_September" title="Black September">Black September</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcora_Exercise" title="Alcora Exercise">Alcora Exercise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrective_Movement_(Syria)" title="Corrective Movement (Syria)">Corrective Movement (Syria)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara_conflict" title="Western Sahara conflict">Western Sahara conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_Civil_War" title="Cambodian Civil War">Cambodian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_insurgency_in_Thailand" title="Communist insurgency in Thailand">Communist insurgency in Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_Polish_protests" title="1970 Polish protests">1970 Polish protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koza_riot" title="Koza riot">Koza riot</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Realpolitik" title="Realpolitik">Realpolitik</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ping-pong_diplomacy" title="Ping-pong diplomacy">Ping-pong diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_JVP_insurrection" title="1971 JVP insurrection">1971 JVP insurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrective_revolution_(Egypt)" title="Corrective revolution (Egypt)">Corrective revolution (Egypt)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Turkish_military_memorandum" title="1971 Turkish military memorandum">1971 Turkish military memorandum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Sudanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1971 Sudanese coup d'état">1971 Sudanese coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Power_Agreement_on_Berlin" title="Four Power Agreement on Berlin">Four Power Agreement on Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Liberation_War" title="Bangladesh Liberation War">Bangladesh Liberation War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_visit_by_Richard_Nixon_to_China" title="1972 visit by Richard Nixon to China">1972 visit by Richard Nixon to China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Yemen#Disputes_with_North_Yemen" title="South Yemen">North Yemen-South Yemen Border conflict of 1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Yemenite_War" title="First Yemenite War">First Yemenite War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munich_massacre" title="Munich massacre">Munich massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972%E2%80%931975_Bangladesh_insurgency" title="1972–1975 Bangladesh insurgency">1972–1975 Bangladesh insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_Civil_Wars" title="Eritrean Civil Wars">Eritrean Civil Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Uruguayan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1973 Uruguayan coup d'état">1973 Uruguayan coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Afghan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1973 Afghan coup d'état">1973 Afghan coup d'état</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1973 Chilean coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War" title="Yom Kippur War">Yom Kippur War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_oil_crisis" title="1973 oil crisis">1973 oil crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnation_Revolution" title="Carnation Revolution">Carnation Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_transition_to_democracy" title="Spanish transition to democracy">Spanish transition to democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metapolitefsi" title="Metapolitefsi">Metapolitefsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_Arms_Limitation_Talks" title="Strategic Arms Limitation Talks">Strategic Arms Limitation Talks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Iraqi%E2%80%93Kurdish_War" title="Second Iraqi–Kurdish War">Second Iraqi–Kurdish War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus" title="Turkish invasion of Cyprus">Turkish invasion of Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15_August_1975_Bangladeshi_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="15 August 1975 Bangladeshi coup d'état">15 August 1975 Bangladeshi coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_November_1975_Bangladeshi_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="3 November 1975 Bangladeshi coup d'état">Siege of Dhaka (1975)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7_November_1975_Bangladeshi_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="7 November 1975 Bangladeshi coup d'état">Sipahi-Janata revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_Civil_War" title="Angolan Civil War">Angolan Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_genocide" title="Cambodian genocide">Cambodian genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1976_protests" title="June 1976 protests">June 1976 protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambican_Civil_War" title="Mozambican Civil War">Mozambican Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oromo_conflict" title="Oromo conflict">Oromo conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogaden_War" title="Ogaden War">Ogaden War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_Somali_coup_attempt" title="1978 Somali coup attempt">1978 Somali coup attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara_War" title="Western Sahara War">Western Sahara War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Civil_War" title="Ethiopian Civil War">Ethiopian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Civil_War" title="Lebanese Civil War">Lebanese Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Albanian_split" title="Sino-Albanian split">Sino-Albanian split</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Indochina_War" title="Third Indochina War">Third Indochina War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian%E2%80%93Vietnamese_War" title="Cambodian–Vietnamese War">Cambodian–Vietnamese War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_conflict_(1979%E2%80%931998)" title="Cambodian conflict (1979–1998)">Cambodian conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Condor" title="Operation Condor">Operation <i>Condor</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirty_War" title="Dirty War">Dirty War (Argentina)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Argentine_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1976 Argentine coup d'état">1976 Argentine coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian%E2%80%93Libyan_War" title="Egyptian–Libyan War">Egyptian–Libyan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Autumn" title="German Autumn">German Autumn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Air_Lines_Flight_902" title="Korean Air Lines Flight 902">Korean Air Lines Flight 902</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_Revolution" title="Nicaraguan Revolution">Nicaraguan Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda%E2%80%93Tanzania_War" title="Uganda–Tanzania War">Uganda–Tanzania War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NDF_Rebellion" title="NDF Rebellion">NDF Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chadian%E2%80%93Libyan_War" title="Chadian–Libyan War">Chadian–Libyan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Yemenite_War" title="Second Yemenite War">Second Yemenite War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Mosque_seizure" title="Grand Mosque seizure">Grand Mosque seizure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_revolution" title="Iranian revolution">Iranian revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saur_Revolution" title="Saur Revolution">Saur Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Vietnamese_War" title="Sino-Vietnamese War">Sino-Vietnamese War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jewel_Movement" title="New Jewel Movement">New Jewel Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_Herat_uprising" title="1979 Herat uprising">1979 Herat uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Days_to_the_River_Rhine" title="Seven Days to the River Rhine">Seven Days to the River Rhine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Struggle_against_political_abuse_of_psychiatry_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Struggle against political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union">Struggle against political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_Civil_War" title="Salvadoran Civil War">Salvadoran Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Afghan_War" title="Soviet–Afghan War">Soviet–Afghan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Summer_Olympics_boycott" title="1980 Summer Olympics boycott">1980</a> and <a href="/wiki/1984_Summer_Olympics_boycott" title="1984 Summer Olympics boycott">1984 Summer Olympics boycotts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gera_Demands" title="Gera Demands">Gera Demands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_Civil_War_of_1980%E2%80%932000" title="Peruvian Civil War of 1980–2000">Peruvian Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk_Agreement" title="Gdańsk Agreement">Gdańsk Agreement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Solidarity_(Polish_trade_union)" title="Solidarity (Polish trade union)">Solidarity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_Civil_Wars" title="Eritrean Civil Wars">Eritrean Civil Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Turkish_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1980 Turkish coup d'état">1980 Turkish coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugandan_Bush_War" title="Ugandan Bush War">Ugandan Bush War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Sidra_incident_(1981)" title="Gulf of Sidra incident (1981)">Gulf of Sidra incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_law_in_Poland" title="Martial law in Poland">Martial law in Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casamance_conflict" title="Casamance conflict">Casamance conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falklands_War" title="Falklands War">Falklands War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_Ethiopian%E2%80%93Somali_Border_War" title="1982 Ethiopian–Somali Border War">1982 Ethiopian–Somali Border War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ndogboyosoi_War" title="Ndogboyosoi War">Ndogboyosoi War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_invasion_of_Grenada" title="United States invasion of Grenada">United States invasion of Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Able_Archer_83" title="Able Archer 83">Able Archer 83</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_Defense_Initiative" title="Strategic Defense Initiative">Star Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva_Summit_(1985)" title="Geneva Summit (1985)">1985 Geneva Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War" title="Iran–Iraq War">Iran–Iraq War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_Rebellion" title="Somali Rebellion">Somali Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk_Summit" title="Reykjavík Summit">Reykjavík Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_Black_Sea_incident" title="1986 Black Sea incident">1986 Black Sea incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Yemen_civil_war" title="South Yemen civil war">South Yemen civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyota_War" title="Toyota War">Toyota War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Lieyu_massacre" title="1987 Lieyu massacre">1987 Lieyu massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Denver" title="Operation Denver">Operation Denver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987%E2%80%931989_JVP_insurrection" title="1987–1989 JVP insurrection">1987–1989 JVP insurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Resistance_Army_insurgency" title="Lord's Resistance Army insurgency">Lord's Resistance Army insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Black_Sea_bumping_incident" title="1988 Black Sea bumping incident">1988 Black Sea bumping incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8888_Uprising" title="8888 Uprising">8888 Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Solidarity" title="History of Solidarity">Solidarity</a> (<a href="/wiki/Soviet_reaction_to_the_Polish_crisis_of_1980%E2%80%931981" title="Soviet reaction to the Polish crisis of 1980–1981">Soviet reaction</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contras" title="Contras">Contras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_American_crisis" title="Central American crisis">Central American crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_RYAN" title="Operation RYAN">Operation RYAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Air_Lines_Flight_007" title="Korean Air Lines Flight 007">Korean Air Lines Flight 007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_Power_Revolution" title="People Power Revolution">People Power Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasnost" title="Glasnost">Glasnost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perestroika" title="Perestroika">Perestroika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bougainville_conflict" title="Bougainville conflict">Bougainville conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="First Nagorno-Karabakh War">First Nagorno-Karabakh War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Civil_War_(1989%E2%80%931992)" title="Afghan Civil War (1989–1992)">Afghan Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_invasion_of_Panama" title="United States invasion of Panama">United States invasion of Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Polish_strikes" title="1988 Polish strikes">1988 Polish strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Round_Table_Agreement" title="Polish Round Table Agreement">Polish Round Table Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_Tiananmen_Square_protests_and_massacre" title="1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre">1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1989" title="Revolutions of 1989">Revolutions of 1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Berlin_Wall" title="Fall of the Berlin Wall">Fall of the Berlin Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_inner_German_border" title="Fall of the inner German border">Fall of the inner German border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velvet_Revolution" title="Velvet Revolution">Velvet Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_revolution" title="Romanian revolution">Romanian Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peaceful_Revolution" title="Peaceful Revolution">Peaceful Revolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Revolution_of_1990" title="Mongolian Revolution of 1990">Mongolian Revolution of 1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Min_Ping_Yu_No._5540_incident" title="Min Ping Yu No. 5540 incident">Min Ping Yu No. 5540 incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Min_Ping_Yu_No._5202" title="Min Ping Yu No. 5202">Min Ping Yu No. 5202</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_reunification" title="German reunification">German reunification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_unification" title="Yemeni unification">Yemeni unification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_communism_in_Albania" title="Fall of communism in Albania">Fall of communism in Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Breakup of Yugoslavia">Breakup of Yugoslavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">Dissolution of the Soviet Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1991_Soviet_coup_attempt" title="1991 Soviet coup attempt">1991 August Coup</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Dissolution of Czechoslovakia">Dissolution of Czechoslovakia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Frozen_conflict" title="Frozen conflict">Frozen conflicts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazia_conflict" title="Abkhazia conflict">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Taiwan" title="Political status of Taiwan">China-Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Korea" title="Division of Korea">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Kosovo" title="Political status of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian%E2%80%93Ossetian_conflict" title="Georgian–Ossetian conflict">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transnistria_War" title="Transnistria War">Transnistria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Indian_border_dispute" title="Sino-Indian border dispute">Sino-Indian border dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Borneo_dispute" title="North Borneo dispute">North Borneo dispute</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Foreign policy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Truman_Doctrine" title="Truman Doctrine">Truman Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Containment" title="Containment">Containment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Doctrine" title="Eisenhower Doctrine">Eisenhower Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domino_theory" title="Domino theory">Domino theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallstein_Doctrine" title="Hallstein Doctrine">Hallstein Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Doctrine" title="Kennedy Doctrine">Kennedy Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peaceful_coexistence" title="Peaceful coexistence">Peaceful coexistence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostpolitik" title="Ostpolitik">Ostpolitik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_Doctrine" title="Johnson Doctrine">Johnson Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brezhnev_Doctrine" title="Brezhnev Doctrine">Brezhnev Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nixon_Doctrine" title="Nixon Doctrine">Nixon Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulbricht_Doctrine" title="Ulbricht Doctrine">Ulbricht Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carter_Doctrine" title="Carter Doctrine">Carter Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reagan_Doctrine" title="Reagan Doctrine">Reagan Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rollback" title="Rollback">Rollback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinmen_Agreement" title="Kinmen Agreement">Kinmen Agreement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Ideologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">Capitalism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">Liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_school_of_economics" title="Chicago school of economics">Chicago school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">Conservatism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Conservatism in the United States">American conservatism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keynesian_economics" title="Keynesian economics">Keynesianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">Libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monetarism" title="Monetarism">Monetarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_economics" title="Neoclassical economics">Neoclassical economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reaganomics" title="Reaganomics">Reaganomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supply-side_economics" title="Supply-side economics">Supply-side economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_capitalism" title="Democratic capitalism">Democratic capitalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism" title="Marxism–Leninism">Marxism–Leninism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Fidel_Castro" title="Politics of Fidel Castro">Castroism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurocommunism" title="Eurocommunism">Eurocommunism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guevarism" title="Guevarism">Guevarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoxhaism" title="Hoxhaism">Hoxhaism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Juche" title="Juche">Juche</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_Thought" title="Ho Chi Minh Thought">Ho Chi Minh Thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maoism" title="Maoism">Maoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trotskyism" title="Trotskyism">Trotskyism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stalinism" title="Stalinism">Stalinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titoism" title="Titoism">Titoism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imperialism" title="Imperialism">Imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-imperialism" title="Anti-imperialism">Anti-imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultranationalism" title="Ultranationalism">Ultranationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chauvinism" title="Chauvinism">Chauvinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_nationalism" title="Ethnic nationalism">Ethnic nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionism" title="Anti-Zionism">Anti-Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">Fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazism" title="Neo-Nazism">Neo-Nazism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totalitarianism" title="Totalitarianism">Totalitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authoritarianism" title="Authoritarianism">Authoritarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autocracy" title="Autocracy">Autocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_democracy" title="Liberal democracy">Liberal democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illiberal_democracy" title="Illiberal democracy">Illiberal democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guided_democracy" title="Guided democracy">Guided democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third-worldism" title="Third-worldism">Third-worldism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_supremacy" title="White supremacy">White supremacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_nationalism" title="White nationalism">White nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_supremacy#White_separatism" title="White supremacy">White separatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">Apartheid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia_Treaty_Organization" title="Southeast Asia Treaty Organization">SEATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Treaty_Organization" title="Central Treaty Organization">METO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Community" title="European Economic Community">EEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact" title="Warsaw Pact">Warsaw Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comecon" title="Comecon">Comecon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutral_and_Non-Aligned_European_States" title="Neutral and Non-Aligned European States">NN States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN" title="ASEAN">ASEAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Association_for_Regional_Cooperation" title="South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation">SAARC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safari_Club" title="Safari Club">Safari Club</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Propaganda</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Pro-communist</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active_measures" title="Active measures">Active measures</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Izvestia" title="Izvestia">Izvestia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neues_Deutschland" title="Neues Deutschland">Neues Deutschland</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pravda" title="Pravda">Pravda</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Moscow" title="Radio Moscow">Radio Moscow</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rud%C3%A9_pr%C3%A1vo" title="Rudé právo">Rudé právo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trybuna_Ludu" title="Trybuna Ludu">Trybuna Ludu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TASS" title="TASS">TASS</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Russian_Life" title="Russian Life">Soviet Life</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Pro-Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Amerika_(magazine)" title="Amerika (magazine)">Amerika</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusade_for_Freedom" title="Crusade for Freedom">Crusade for Freedom</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paix_et_Libert%C3%A9" title="Paix et Liberté">Paix et Liberté</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Free_Europe/Radio_Liberty" title="Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty">Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Red_Scare" title="Red Scare">Red Scare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_of_America" title="Voice of America">Voice of America</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Technological<br />competition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arms_race" title="Arms race">Arms race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_arms_race" title="Nuclear arms race">Nuclear arms race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Race" title="Space Race">Space Race</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Historians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gar_Alperovitz" title="Gar Alperovitz">Gar Alperovitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Bailey" title="Thomas A. Bailey">Thomas A. Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Beschloss" title="Michael Beschloss">Michael Beschloss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archie_Brown_(historian)" title="Archie Brown (historian)">Archie Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_H._Carroll" title="Warren H. Carroll">Warren H. Carroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrian_Cioroianu" title="Adrian Cioroianu">Adrian Cioroianu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Costello_(historian)" title="John Costello (historian)">John Costello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Cox_(academic)" title="Michael Cox (academic)">Michael Cox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_J._Cull" title="Nicholas J. Cull">Nicholas J. Cull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Davies" title="Norman Davies">Norman Davies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willem_Drees" title="Willem Drees">Willem Drees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_D._English" title="Robert D. English">Robert D. English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Feis" title="Herbert Feis">Herbert Feis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hugh_Ferrell" title="Robert Hugh Ferrell">Robert Hugh Ferrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Fontaine" title="André Fontaine">André Fontaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anneli_Ute_Gabanyi" title="Anneli Ute Gabanyi">Anneli Ute Gabanyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lewis_Gaddis" title="John Lewis Gaddis">John Lewis Gaddis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Gardner" title="Lloyd Gardner">Lloyd Gardner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Garton_Ash" title="Timothy Garton Ash">Timothy Garton Ash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Gorodetsky" title="Gabriel Gorodetsky">Gabriel Gorodetsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Halliday" title="Fred Halliday">Fred Halliday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jussi_Hanhim%C3%A4ki" title="Jussi Hanhimäki">Jussi Hanhimäki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Earl_Haynes" title="John Earl Haynes">John Earl Haynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_J._Hearden" title="Patrick J. Hearden">Patrick J. Hearden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tvrtko_Jakovina" title="Tvrtko Jakovina">Tvrtko Jakovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Judt" title="Tony Judt">Tony Judt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Klehr" title="Harvey Klehr">Harvey Klehr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Kolko" title="Gabriel Kolko">Gabriel Kolko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_LaFeber" title="Walter LaFeber">Walter LaFeber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Laqueur" title="Walter Laqueur">Walter Laqueur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melvyn_P._Leffler" title="Melvyn P. Leffler">Melvyn P. Leffler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geir_Lundestad" title="Geir Lundestad">Geir Lundestad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vojtech_Mastny_(historian)" title="Vojtech Mastny (historian)">Vojtech Mastny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_F._Matlock_Jr." title="Jack F. Matlock Jr.">Jack F. Matlock Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._McCormick" title="Thomas J. McCormick">Thomas J. McCormick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Naftali" title="Timothy Naftali">Timothy Naftali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marius_Oprea" title="Marius Oprea">Marius Oprea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_S._Painter" title="David S. Painter">David S. Painter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Pickett" title="William B. Pickett">William B. Pickett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_E._Powaski" title="Ronald E. Powaski">Ronald E. Powaski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakov_M._Rabkin" title="Yakov M. Rabkin">Yakov M. Rabkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._E._Sarotte" title="M. E. Sarotte">M. E. Sarotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_M._Schlesinger_Jr." title="Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.">Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Schrecker" title="Ellen Schrecker">Ellen Schrecker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giles_Scott-Smith" title="Giles Scott-Smith">Giles Scott-Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shen_Zhihua" title="Shen Zhihua">Shen Zhihua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Snyder" title="Timothy Snyder">Timothy Snyder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athan_Theoharis" title="Athan Theoharis">Athan Theoharis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Thorpe" title="Andrew Thorpe">Andrew Thorpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Tism%C4%83neanu" title="Vladimir Tismăneanu">Vladimir Tismăneanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Vaughan" title="Patrick Vaughan">Patrick Vaughan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_von_Tunzelmann" title="Alex von Tunzelmann">Alex von Tunzelmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odd_Arne_Westad" title="Odd Arne Westad">Odd Arne Westad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Appleman_Williams" title="William Appleman Williams">William Appleman Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Reed_Winkler" title="Jonathan Reed Winkler">Jonathan Reed Winkler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolph_Winnacker" title="Rudolph Winnacker">Rudolph Winnacker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Young" title="Ken Young">Ken Young</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Espionage and<br />intelligence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Eastern_Bloc_agents_in_the_United_States" title="List of Eastern Bloc agents in the United States">List of Eastern Bloc agents in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_espionage_in_the_United_States" title="Soviet espionage in the United States">Soviet espionage in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_espionage_in_the_United_States" title="Russian espionage in the United States">Russian espionage in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_espionage_in_the_Soviet_Union_and_Russian_Federation" title="American espionage in the Soviet Union and Russian Federation">American espionage in the Soviet Union and Russian Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIA_and_the_Cultural_Cold_War" title="CIA and the Cultural Cold War">CIA and the Cultural Cold War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">CIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MI5" title="MI5">MI5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MI6" title="MI6">MI6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_involvement_in_regime_change" title="United States involvement in regime change">United States involvement in regime change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_involvement_in_regime_change" title="Soviet involvement in regime change">Soviet involvement in regime change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Internal_Affairs_(Soviet_Union)" title="Ministry of Internal Affairs (Soviet Union)">MVD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KGB" title="KGB">KGB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stasi" title="Stasi">Stasi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allied_intervention_in_the_Russian_Civil_War" title="Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War">Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Soviet Union–United States relations">Soviet Union–United States relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Soviet_Union%E2%80%93United_States_summits" title="List of Soviet Union–United States summits">Soviet Union–United States summits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Russia–NATO relations">Russia–NATO relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">War on terror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brinkmanship#Cold_War" title="Brinkmanship">Brinkmanship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Cold_War" title="Second Cold War">Second Cold War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Revolution" title="Russian Revolution">Russian Revolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cold_War" title="Category:Cold War">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_related_to_the_Cold_War" title="List of conflicts related to the Cold War">List of conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Cold_War" title="Timeline of the Cold War">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Augusto_Pinochet" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Augusto_Pinochet" title="Template:Augusto Pinochet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Augusto_Pinochet" title="Template talk:Augusto Pinochet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Augusto_Pinochet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Augusto Pinochet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Augusto_Pinochet" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Augusto_Pinochet" title="Augusto Pinochet">Augusto Pinochet</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life and politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1973 Chilean coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Junta_of_Chile_(1973)" title="Government Junta of Chile (1973)">Government Junta of Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_government_of_Chile_(1973%E2%80%9390)" class="mw-redirect" title="Military government of Chile (1973–90)">Rule over Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acto_de_Chacarillas" title="Acto de Chacarillas">Acto de Chacarillas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attempted_assassination_of_Augusto_Pinochet" title="Attempted assassination of Augusto Pinochet">Attempted assassination in 1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indictment_and_arrest_of_Augusto_Pinochet" title="Indictment and arrest of Augusto Pinochet">Indictment and arrest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Policies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chara%C3%B1a_agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Charaña agreement">Charaña agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miracle_of_Chile" title="Miracle of Chile">Miracle of Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Chile" title="Economy of Chile">Economic policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_Constitution_of_1980" title="Chilean Constitution of 1980">1980 Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direcci%C3%B3n_de_Inteligencia_Nacional" title="Dirección de Inteligencia Nacional">DINA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Condor" title="Operation Condor">Operation Condor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Colombo" title="Operation Colombo">Operation Colombo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Peace_and_Friendship_of_1984_between_Chile_and_Argentina" title="Treaty of Peace and Friendship of 1984 between Chile and Argentina">Treaty of Peace and Friendship of 1984 between Chile and Argentina</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Perceptions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Boys" title="Chicago Boys">Chicago Boys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rettig_Report" title="Rettig Report">Rettig Report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valech_Report" title="Valech Report">Valech Report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caravan_of_Death" title="Caravan of Death">Caravan of Death</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luc%C3%ADa_Hiriart" title="Lucía Hiriart">Lucía Hiriart</a> (spouse)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luc%C3%ADa_Pinochet" title="Lucía Pinochet">Lucía Pinochet</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julio_Ponce_Lerou" title="Julio Ponce Lerou">Julio Ponce Lerou</a> (former son-in-law)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Opposition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Families_of_the_Detained-Disappeared" title="Association of Families of the Detained-Disappeared">Families of the Detained-Disappeared</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Party_(Chile)" title="Christian Democratic Party (Chile)">Christian Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizen_Left" title="Citizen Left">Christian Left Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Cooperation_for_Peace_in_Chile" title="Committee of Cooperation for Peace in Chile">Committee of Cooperation for Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Chile" title="Communist Party of Chile">Communist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Patriotic_Front" title="Manuel Rodríguez Patriotic Front">Manuel Rodríguez Patriotic Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_for_Democracy_(Chile)" title="Party for Democracy (Chile)">Party for Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Unitary_Action_Movement" title="Popular Unitary Action Movement">Popular Unitary Action Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Party_of_Chile" title="Radical Party of Chile">Radical Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Left_Movement_(Chile)" title="Revolutionary Left Movement (Chile)">Revolutionary Left Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Chile" title="Socialist Party of Chile">Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Chile_Student_Federation" title="University of Chile Student Federation">University of Chile Student Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicariate_of_Solidarity" title="Vicariate of Solidarity">Vicariate of Solidarity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_United_Center_of_Chile" title="Workers' United Center of Chile">Workers' United Center</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Richard_Nixon" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Richard_Nixon" title="Template:Richard Nixon"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Richard_Nixon" title="Template talk:Richard Nixon"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Richard_Nixon" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Richard Nixon"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Richard_Nixon" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">37th</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (1969–1974)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_vice_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of vice presidents of the United States">36th</a> <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President of the United States</a> (1953–1961)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senator</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_California" title="List of United States senators from California">from California</a> (1950–1953)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. Representative</a> for <a href="/wiki/California%27s_12th_congressional_district" title="California's 12th congressional district">CA–12</a> (1947–1950)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Richard_Nixon" title="Presidency of Richard Nixon">Presidency</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Richard_Nixon" title="Presidential transition of Richard Nixon">Transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Richard_Nixon" title="First inauguration of Richard Nixon">First inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Richard_Nixon" title="Second inauguration of Richard Nixon">Second inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nixon_Doctrine" title="Nixon Doctrine">Nixon Doctrine</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Bring_Us_Together" title="Bring Us Together">Bring Us Together</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nixonomics" title="Nixonomics">Economic policies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nixon_shock" title="Nixon shock">Nixon shock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tar_Baby_Option" class="mw-redirect" title="Tar Baby Option">Tar Baby Option</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="United States Environmental Protection Agency">Environmental Protection Agency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reorganization_Plan_No._3" class="mw-redirect" title="Reorganization Plan No. 3">creation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_United_States#Nixon_administration" title="Space policy of the United States">Space exploration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_on_Cancer" class="mw-redirect" title="War on Cancer">1971 National Cancer Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Menu" title="Operation Menu">Cambodian bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Peace_Accords" title="Paris Peace Accords">Paris Peace Accords</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Peace_with_Honor" title="Peace with Honor">Peace with Honor</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamization" title="Vietnamization">Vietnamization</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silent_majority" title="Silent majority">Silent majority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War_(1962%E2%80%931979)" title="Cold War (1962–1979)">Cold War period</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linkage_(policy)" title="Linkage (policy)">Linkage policy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_Drug_Abuse_Prevention_and_Control_Act_of_1970" title="Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970">Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon%27s_visit_to_the_Lincoln_Memorial" title="Richard Nixon's visit to the Lincoln Memorial">1970 Lincoln Memorial visit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_visit_by_Richard_Nixon_to_China" title="1972 visit by Richard Nixon to China">1972 visit to China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Communiqu%C3%A9" title="Shanghai Communiqué">Shanghai Communiqué</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9tente" title="Détente">Détente</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_Summit_(1972)" title="Moscow Summit (1972)">1972 Moscow Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Ballistic_Missile_Treaty" title="Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty">Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_Arms_Limitation_Talks" title="Strategic Arms Limitation Talks">SALT I Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agreement_on_the_Prevention_of_Nuclear_War" title="Agreement on the Prevention of Nuclear War">Prevention of Nuclear War Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Threshold_Test_Ban_Treaty" title="Threshold Test Ban Treaty">Threshold Test Ban Treaty</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endangered_Species_Act_of_1973" title="Endangered Species Act of 1973">Endangered Species Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shafer_Commission" title="Shafer Commission">National Commission on Marihuana and Drug Abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_on_Drugs" class="mw-redirect" title="War on Drugs">War on Drugs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drug_Enforcement_Administration#History_and_mandate" title="Drug Enforcement Administration">Drug Enforcement Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_policy_of_the_Richard_Nixon_administration" title="Cannabis policy of the Richard Nixon administration">Cannabis policy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nixon%27s_Enemies_List" title="Nixon's Enemies List">Enemies List</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Master_list_of_Nixon%27s_political_opponents" title="Master list of Nixon's political opponents">list of opponents</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_CHAOS" title="Operation CHAOS">Operation CHAOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watergate_scandal" title="Watergate scandal">Watergate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Watergate_scandal" title="Timeline of the Watergate scandal">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nixon_White_House_tapes" title="Nixon White House tapes">White House tapes</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Nixon" title="United States v. Nixon">United States v. Nixon</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Watergate_Committee" title="United States Senate Watergate Committee">Senate Watergate Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impeachment_process_against_Richard_Nixon" title="Impeachment process against Richard Nixon">impeachment process</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_am_not_a_crook" class="mw-redirect" title="I am not a crook">I am not a crook</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watergate_scandal#Resignation" title="Watergate scandal">Resignation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon%27s_resignation_speech" title="Richard Nixon's resignation speech">speech</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pardon_of_Richard_Nixon" title="Pardon of Richard Nixon">Pardon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Union" title="State of the Union">State of the Union Address</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1970_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1970 State of the Union Address">1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1971 State of the Union Address">1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1972 State of the Union Address">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1973 State of the Union Address">1973</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1974 State of the Union Address">1974</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilson_desk" title="Wilson desk">Wilson desk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Richard_Nixon" title="List of federal judges appointed by Richard Nixon">Judicial appointments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon_Supreme_Court_candidates" title="Richard Nixon Supreme Court candidates">Supreme Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon_judicial_appointment_controversies" title="Richard Nixon judicial appointment controversies">controversies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Richard_Milhous_Nixon/Executive_orders" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Author:Richard Milhous Nixon/Executive orders">Executive Orders</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Richard_Milhous_Nixon/Presidential_Proclamations" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Author:Richard Milhous Nixon/Presidential Proclamations">Presidential Proclamations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life and<br />politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon_Foundation" title="Richard Nixon Foundation">Richard Nixon Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon_Presidential_Library_and_Museum" title="Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum">Presidential Library and Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birthplace_of_Richard_Nixon" title="Birthplace of Richard Nixon">Birthplace and boyhood home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Checkers_speech" title="Checkers speech">Checkers speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Richard_Nixon%27s_motorcade" title="Attack on Richard Nixon's motorcade">1958 motorcade attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitchen_Debate" title="Kitchen Debate">Kitchen Debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_40" title="Operation 40">Operation 40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon%27s_November_1962_press_conference" title="Richard Nixon's November 1962 press conference">"Last press conference"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_White_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Florida White House">Florida White House</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/La_Casa_Pacifica" title="La Casa Pacifica">La Casa Pacifica</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_the_National_Interest" title="Center for the National Interest">Nixon Center</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nixon_v._General_Services_Administration" title="Nixon v. General Services Administration">Nixon v. General Services Administration</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Richard_Nixon" title="Death and state funeral of Richard Nixon">Death and state funeral</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Six_Crises" title="Six Crises"><i>Six Crises</i> (1962)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Richard_Nixon" title="Bibliography of Richard Nixon">Bibliography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Richard_Nixon" title="Electoral history of Richard Nixon">Elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>U.S. House of Representatives: <a href="/wiki/1946_California%27s_12th_congressional_district_election" title="1946 California's 12th congressional district election">1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1948 United States House of Representatives elections">1948</a></li> <li>U.S. Senate: <a href="/wiki/1950_United_States_Senate_election_in_California" title="1950 United States Senate election in California">1950</a></li> <li>California gubernatorial election: <a href="/wiki/1962_California_gubernatorial_election" title="1962 California gubernatorial election">1962</a></li> <li>GOP presidential primaries: <a href="/wiki/1960_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1960 Republican Party presidential primaries">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1964 Republican Party presidential primaries">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1968 Republican Party presidential primaries">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1972 Republican Party presidential primaries">1972</a></li> <li>GOP national conventions: <a href="/wiki/1952_Republican_National_Convention" title="1952 Republican National Convention">1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Republican_National_Convention" title="1956 Republican National Convention">1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Republican_National_Convention" title="1960 Republican National Convention">1960</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon_1960_presidential_campaign" title="Richard Nixon 1960 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Republican_National_Convention" title="1968 Republican National Convention">1968</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon_1968_presidential_campaign" title="Richard Nixon 1968 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Republican_National_Convention" title="1972 Republican National Convention">1972</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon_1972_presidential_campaign" title="Richard Nixon 1972 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li>Presidential elections: <a href="/wiki/1952_United_States_presidential_election" title="1952 United States presidential election">1952</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Presidential transition of Dwight D. Eisenhower">transition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_United_States_presidential_election" title="1956 United States presidential election">1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_presidential_election" title="1960 United States presidential election">1960</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_presidential_debates" title="1960 United States presidential debates">debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Presidential transition of John F. Kennedy">Kennedy transition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election" title="1968 United States presidential election">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_United_States_presidential_election" title="1972 United States presidential election">1972</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_Richard_Nixon" title="Cultural depictions of Richard Nixon">Popular<br />culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Nixon_goes_to_China" title="Nixon goes to China">Nixon goes to China</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millhouse_(film)" title="Millhouse (film)"><i>Millhouse</i> (1971 film)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/An_Evening_with_Richard_Nixon" title="An Evening with Richard Nixon">An Evening with Richard Nixon</a></i> (1972 play)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Richard_(film)" title="Richard (film)">Richard</a></i> (1972 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Another_Nice_Mess" title="Another Nice Mess">Another Nice Mess</a></i> (1972 film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_More_Years" title="Four More Years"><i>Four More Years</i> (1972 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impeach_the_President" title="Impeach the President"><i>Impeach the President</i> (1973 song)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Werewolf_of_Washington" title="The Werewolf of Washington">The Werewolf of Washington</a></i> (1973 film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Madness" title="White House Madness"><i>White House Madness</i> (1975 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_the_President%27s_Men_(film)" title="All the President's Men (film)"><i>All the President's Men</i> (1976 film)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Public_Burning" title="The Public Burning">The Public Burning</a></i> (1977 novel)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Washington:_Behind_Closed_Doors" title="Washington: Behind Closed Doors">Washington: Behind Closed Doors</a></i> (1977 miniseries)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secret_Honor" title="Secret Honor"><i>Secret Honor</i> (1984 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nixon_in_China" title="Nixon in China"><i>Nixon in China</i> (1987 opera)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Final_Days_(1989_film)" title="The Final Days (1989 film)">The Final Days</a></i> (1989 film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nixon_(film)" title="Nixon (film)"><i>Nixon</i> (1995 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elvis_Meets_Nixon" title="Elvis Meets Nixon"><i>Elvis Meets Nixon</i> (1997 film)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Futurama_characters#Richard_Nixon" title="List of Futurama characters">Futurama</a></i> (1999 TV series)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_(film)" title="Dick (film)"><i>Dick</i> (1999 film)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nixon%27s_China_Game" title="Nixon's China Game">Nixon's China Game</a></i> (2000 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dark_Side_of_the_Moon_(2002_film)" title="Dark Side of the Moon (2002 film)">Dark Side of the Moon</a></i> (2002 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Assassination_of_Richard_Nixon" title="The Assassination of Richard Nixon">The Assassination of Richard Nixon</a></i> (2004 film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nixon_interviews" title="Nixon interviews">Frost–Nixon interviews</a> (<a href="/wiki/Frost/Nixon_(play)" title="Frost/Nixon (play)">2006 play</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frost/Nixon_(film)" title="Frost/Nixon (film)">2008 film</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Black_Dynamite" title="Black Dynamite">Black Dynamite</a></i> (2009 film)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Impossible_Astronaut" title="The Impossible Astronaut">The Impossible Astronaut</a>" (2011 TV episode)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Nixon" title="Our Nixon"><i>Our Nixon</i> (2013 film)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/X-Men:_Days_of_Future_Past" title="X-Men: Days of Future Past">X-Men: Days of Future Past</a></i> (2014 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Crooked_(novel)" title="Crooked (novel)">Crooked</a></i> (2015 novel)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elvis_%26_Nixon" title="Elvis & Nixon"><i>Elvis & Nixon</i> (2016 film)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Post_(film)" title="The Post (film)">The Post</a></i> (2017 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Watergate_(board_game)" title="Watergate (board game)">Watergate</a></i> (2019 board game)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidents_of_the_United_States_on_U.S._postage_stamps#Richard_M._Nixon" title="Presidents of the United States on U.S. postage stamps">U.S. postage stamp</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Recordings_and_Materials_Preservation_Act" title="Presidential Recordings and Materials Preservation Act">Presidential Recordings and Materials Preservation Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Townhouse" title="Presidential Townhouse">Presidential Townhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon_mask" title="Richard Nixon mask">Richard Nixon mask</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Staff</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Brennan" title="Jack Brennan">Jack Brennan</a> (aide de camp)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Chotiner" title="Murray Chotiner">Murray Chotiner</a> (early campaign manager)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manolo_Sanchez_(Nixon_staff_member)" class="mw-redirect" title="Manolo Sanchez (Nixon staff member)">Manolo Sanchez</a> (valet)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Mary_Woods" title="Rose Mary Woods">Rose Mary Woods</a> (secretary)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Nixon" title="Pat Nixon">Thelma "Pat" Ryan Nixon</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricia_Nixon_Cox" title="Tricia Nixon Cox">Tricia Nixon Cox</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Nixon_Eisenhower" title="Julie Nixon Eisenhower">Julie Nixon Eisenhower</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Nixon_Cox" title="Christopher Nixon Cox">Christopher Nixon Cox</a> (grandson)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennie_Eisenhower" title="Jennie Eisenhower">Jennie Eisenhower</a> (granddaughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_A._Nixon" title="Francis A. Nixon">Francis A. Nixon</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannah_Milhous_Nixon" title="Hannah Milhous Nixon">Hannah Milhous Nixon</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Nixon" title="Donald Nixon">Donald Nixon</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Nixon" title="Edward Nixon">Edward Nixon</a> (brother)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">← Lyndon B. Johnson</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford →</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Richard_Nixon" title="Category:Richard Nixon">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Coups,_self-coups,_and_attempted_coups_in_the_Americas_since_1900" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Americas_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Template:Americas coup d'état"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Americas_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Template talk:Americas coup d'état"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Americas_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Americas coup d'état"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Coups,_self-coups,_and_attempted_coups_in_the_Americas_since_1900" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Coup d'état">Coups</a>, <a href="/wiki/Self-coup" title="Self-coup">self-coups</a>, and attempted coups in the Americas since 1900</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1900s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1900_Colombian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1900 Colombian coup d'état">Colombia (1900)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1902_Paraguayan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1902 Paraguayan coup d'état (page does not exist)">Paraguay (1902)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1902_Haitian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1902 Haitian coup d'état (page does not exist)">Haiti (1902)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1904_Paraguayan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1904 Paraguayan coup d'état (page does not exist)">Paraguay (1904)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaccine_Revolt#Generalization_of_conflicts_and_coup_attempt" title="Vaccine Revolt">Brazil (1904)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1905_Paraguayan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1905 Paraguayan coup d'état (page does not exist)">Paraguay (1905)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1908_Paraguayan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1908 Paraguayan coup d'état (page does not exist)">Paraguay (1908)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1908_Venezuelan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1908 Venezuelan coup d'état">Venezuela (1908)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1908_Haitian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1908 Haitian coup d'état (page does not exist)">Haiti (1908)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1909_Peruvian_coup_attempt" title="1909 Peruvian coup attempt">Peru (1909)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1910s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1911_Paraguayan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1911 Paraguayan coup d'état (page does not exist)">Paraguay (1911)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1911_Haitian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1911 Haitian coup d'état (page does not exist)">Haiti (1911)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Revolution" title="Mexican Revolution">Mexico (1911)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a> (1912) <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=January_1912_Paraguayan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="January 1912 Paraguayan coup d'état (page does not exist)">January</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=February_1912_Paraguayan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="February 1912 Paraguayan coup d'état (page does not exist)">February</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=March_1912_Paraguayan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="March 1912 Paraguayan coup d'état (page does not exist)">March</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_Tragic_Days" title="Ten Tragic Days">Mexico (1913)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=January_1914_Haitian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="January 1914 Haitian coup d'état (page does not exist)">Haiti (Jan 1914)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_Peruvian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1914 Peruvian coup d'état">Peru (1914)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=November_1914_Haitian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="November 1914 Haitian coup d'état (page does not exist)">Haiti (Nov 1914)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1915_Haitian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1915 Haitian coup d'état (page does not exist)">Haiti (1915)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_Costa_Rican_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1917 Costa Rican coup d'état">Costa Rica (1917)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1919_Peruvian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1919 Peruvian coup d'état">Peru (1919)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1920s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1919_Salvadoran_presidential_election#Aftermath" title="1919 Salvadoran presidential election">El Salvador (1920)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_Bolivian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1920 Bolivian coup d'état">Bolivia (1920)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_Mexican_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" class="mw-redirect" title="1920 Mexican coup d'état">Mexico (1920)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copacabana_Fort_revolt" title="Copacabana Fort revolt">Brazil (1922)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1924_Chilean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1924 Chilean coup d'état (page does not exist)">Chile (1924)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1925_Chilean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1925 Chilean coup d'état">Chile (1925)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_Revolution_(Ecuador)" title="July Revolution (Ecuador)">Ecuador (1925)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%ADo_Romero_Bosque#Ending_the_Menéndez–Quiñónez_dynasty" title="Pío Romero Bosque">El Salvador (1927)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1930s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1930_Bolivian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1930 Bolivian coup d'état (page does not exist)">Bolivia (1930)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1930_Peruvian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1930 Peruvian coup d'état">Peru (1930)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1930_Argentine_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1930 Argentine coup d'état">Argentina (1930)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Revolution_of_1930" title="Brazilian Revolution of 1930">Brazil (1930)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1931_Panamanian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1931 Panamanian coup d'état (page does not exist)">Panama (1931)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_Salvadoran_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1931 Salvadoran coup d'état">El Salvador (1931)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> (1931) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Ib%C3%A1%C3%B1ez_del_Campo#First_presidency" title="Carlos Ibáñez del Campo">July</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_naval_mutiny_of_1931" title="Chilean naval mutiny of 1931">September</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norte_Grande_insurrection" title="Norte Grande insurrection">December</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> (1932) <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1932_Chilean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1932 Chilean coup d'état (page does not exist)">June</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antofagasta_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antofagasta coup d'état (page does not exist)">September</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1933_Uruguayan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" class="mw-redirect" title="1933 Uruguayan coup d'état">Uruguay (1933)</a><sup><small>‡</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Revolution_of_1933" title="Cuban Revolution of 1933">Cuba (1933)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1934_Bolivian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1934 Bolivian coup d'état">Bolivia (1934)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1935_Ecuadorian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1935 Ecuadorian coup d'état (page does not exist)">Ecuador (1935)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_Revolution_(Paraguay)" title="February Revolution (Paraguay)">Paraguay (1936)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_Nicaraguan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" class="mw-redirect" title="1936 Nicaraguan coup d'état">Nicaragua (1936)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_Bolivian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1936 Bolivian coup d'état">Bolivia (1936)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1936_Ecuadorian_coup_attempt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1936 Ecuadorian coup attempt (page does not exist)">Ecuador (1936)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1937_Bolivian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1937 Bolivian coup d'état (page does not exist)">Bolivia (1937)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1937_Brazilian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1937 Brazilian coup d'état">Brazil (1937)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup><sup><small>‡</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1937_Paraguayan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1937 Paraguayan coup d'état (page does not exist)">Paraguay (1937)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integralist_Uprising" title="Integralist Uprising">Brazil (1938)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seguro_Obrero_massacre" title="Seguro Obrero massacre">Chile (1938)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariostazo" title="Ariostazo">Chile (1939)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1940s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_F%C3%A9lix_Estigarribia#Post_war" title="José Félix Estigarribia">Paraguay (1940)</a><sup><small>‡</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1941_Panamanian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1941 Panamanian coup d'état (page does not exist)">Panama (1941)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Baldomir#World_War_II" title="Alfredo Baldomir">Uruguay (1942)</a><sup><small>‡</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1943_Argentine_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" class="mw-redirect" title="1943 Argentine coup d'état">Argentina (1943)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1943_Bolivian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1943 Bolivian coup d'état (page does not exist)">Bolivia (1943)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a> (1944) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palm_Sunday_Coup" title="Palm Sunday Coup">April</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strike_of_Fallen_Arms" class="mw-redirect" title="Strike of Fallen Arms">May</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1944_Salvadoran_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" class="mw-redirect" title="October 1944 Salvadoran coup d'état">October</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1945_Brazilian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1945 Brazilian coup d'état">Brazil (1945)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1945_Venezuelan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1945 Venezuelan coup d'état">Venezuela (1945)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1946_La_Paz_riots" title="1946 La Paz riots">Bolivia (1946)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1946_Haitian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1946 Haitian coup d'état (page does not exist)">Haiti (1946)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1947_Ecuadorian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1947 Ecuadorian coup d'état (page does not exist)">Ecuador (1947)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1947_Nicaraguan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" class="mw-redirect" title="1947 Nicaraguan coup d'état">Nicaragua (1947)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Peruvian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1948 Peruvian coup d'état">Peru (1948)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Venezuelan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1948 Venezuelan coup d'état">Venezuela (1948)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1948_Salvadoran_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1948 Salvadoran coup d'état (page does not exist)">El Salvador (1948)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1948_Paraguayan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1948 Paraguayan coup d'état (page does not exist)">Paraguay (1948)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a> (1949) <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=January_1949_Paraguayan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="January 1949 Paraguayan coup d'état (page does not exist)">January</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=February_1949_Paraguayan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="February 1949 Paraguayan coup d'état (page does not exist)">February</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1949_Colombian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1949 Colombian coup d'état (page does not exist)">Colombia (1949)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup><sup><small>‡</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1949_Bolivian_Civil_War&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1949 Bolivian Civil War (page does not exist)">Bolivia (1949)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=September_1949_Paraguayan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="September 1949 Paraguayan coup d'état (page does not exist)">Paraguay (Sep 1949)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1950s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1950_Haitian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1950 Haitian coup d'état">Haiti (1950)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1951_Argentine_coup_attempt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1951 Argentine coup attempt (page does not exist)">Argentina (1951)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1951_Panamanian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1951 Panamanian coup d'état">Panama (1951)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamertazo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mamertazo (page does not exist)">Bolivia (1951)</a><sup><small>‡</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Cuban_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1952 Cuban coup d'état">Cuba (1952)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivian_National_Revolution" title="Bolivian National Revolution">Bolivia (1952)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_Colombian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1953 Colombian coup d'état">Colombia (1953)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_Paraguayan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1954 Paraguayan coup d'état">Paraguay (1954)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_Guatemalan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1954 Guatemalan coup d'état">Guatemala (1954)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revoluci%C3%B3n_Libertadora" title="Revolución Libertadora">Argentina (1955)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1955_Brazilian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" class="mw-redirect" title="1955 Brazilian coup d'état">Brazil (1955)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacareacanga_revolt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacareacanga revolt (page does not exist)">Brazil (1956)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1956_Honduran_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1956 Honduran coup d'état (page does not exist)">Honduras (1956)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1957_Colombian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1957 Colombian coup d'état">Colombia (1957)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemalan_military_junta_of_1957" title="Guatemalan military junta of 1957">Guatemala (1957)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1958_Haitian_coup_attempt" title="July 1958 Haitian coup attempt">Haiti (1958)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_Venezuelan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1958 Venezuelan coup d'état">Venezuela (1958)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1958_Bolivian_coup_attempt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1958 Bolivian coup attempt (page does not exist)">Bolivia (1958)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1959_Bolivian_coup_attempt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1959 Bolivian coup attempt (page does not exist)">Bolivia (1959)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aragar%C3%A7as_Revolt" title="Aragarças Revolt">Brazil (1959)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Revolution" title="Cuban Revolution">Cuba (1959)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1960_Salvadoran_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1960 Salvadoran coup d'état">El Salvador (1960)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1961_Salvadoran_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1961 Salvadoran coup d'état">El Salvador (1961)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1961_Ecuadorian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1961 Ecuadorian coup d'état (page does not exist)">Ecuador (1961)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1962_Argentine_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" class="mw-redirect" title="1962 Argentine coup d'état">Argentina (1962)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1962_Peruvian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1962 Peruvian coup d'état">Peru (1962)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_Guatemalan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1963 Guatemalan coup d'état">Guatemala (1963)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_Ecuadorian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1963 Ecuadorian coup d'état">Ecuador (1963)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_Dominican_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1963 Dominican coup d'état">Dominican Republic (1963)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_Honduran_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1963 Honduran coup d'état">Honduras (1963)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Bolivian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1964 Bolivian coup d'état">Bolivia (1964)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Brazilian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1964 Brazilian coup d'état">Brazil (1964)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Revolution" title="Argentine Revolution">Argentina (1966)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Panamanian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1968 Panamanian coup d'état">Panama (1968)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Peruvian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1968 Peruvian coup d'état">Peru (1968)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Bolivian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1969 Bolivian coup d'état">Bolivia (1969)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1970_Haitian_coup_attempt" title="1970 Haitian coup attempt">Haiti (1970)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1970_Bolivian_coups_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1970 Bolivian coups d'état (page does not exist)">Bolivia (1970)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a> (1971) <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1971_Bolivian_coup_attempt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1971 Bolivian coup attempt (page does not exist)">January</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Bolivian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1971 Bolivian coup d'état">August</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Honduran_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1972 Honduran coup d'état">Honduras (1972)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Carnavalazo" title="El Carnavalazo">Ecuador (1972)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Salvadoran_coup_attempt" title="1972 Salvadoran coup attempt">El Salvador (1972)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Uruguayan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1973 Uruguayan coup d'état">Uruguay (1973)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup><sup><small>‡</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanquetazo" title="Tanquetazo">Chile (Jun 1973)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chile (Sep 1973)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Decree_11947" title="Supreme Decree 11947">Bolivia (1974)</a><sup><small>‡</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> (1975) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Limazo" title="Limazo">February</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacnazo" title="Tacnazo">August</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1975_Honduran_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1975 Honduran coup d'état">Honduras (1975)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1975_Ecuadorian_coup_attempt" title="1975 Ecuadorian coup attempt">Ecuador (1975)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Argentine_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1976 Argentine coup d'état">Argentina (1976)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1976_Ecuadorian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1976 Ecuadorian coup d'état (page does not exist)">Ecuador (1976)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_Honduran_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" class="mw-redirect" title="1978 Honduran coup d'état">Honduras (1978)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a> (1978) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_1978_Bolivian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="July 1978 Bolivian coup d'état">July</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=November_1978_Bolivian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="November 1978 Bolivian coup d'état (page does not exist)">November</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenadian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Grenadian Revolution">Grenada (1979)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_Salvadoran_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1979 Salvadoran coup d'état">El Salvador (1979)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_Saints%27_Massacre" title="All Saints' Massacre">Bolivia (1979)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1980_Surinamese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1980 Surinamese coup d'état">Suriname (1980)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Bolivian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" class="mw-redirect" title="1980 Bolivian coup d'état">Bolivia (1980)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Red_Dog" title="Operation Red Dog">Dominica (1981)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_Guatemalan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1982 Guatemalan coup d'état">Guatemala (1982)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_Guatemalan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1983 Guatemalan coup d'état">Guatemala (1983)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_Austin#1983_Coup_d'etat" title="Hudson Austin">Grenada (1983)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Bolivian_coup_attempt" title="1984 Bolivian coup attempt">Bolivia (1984)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1988_Haitian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="June 1988 Haitian coup d'état">Haiti (Jun 1988)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1988_Haitian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="September 1988 Haitian coup d'état">Haiti (Sep 1988)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Panamanian_coup_attempt" title="1988 Panamanian coup attempt">Panama (Mar 1988)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_Haitian_coup_attempt" title="1989 Haitian coup attempt">Haiti (1989)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_Panamanian_coup_attempt" title="1989 Panamanian coup attempt">Panama (1989)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_Paraguayan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1989 Paraguayan coup d'état">Paraguay (1989)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jamaat_al_Muslimeen_coup_attempt" title="Jamaat al Muslimeen coup attempt">Trinidad and Tobago (1990)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Surinamese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1990 Surinamese coup d'état">Suriname (1990)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Haitian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1991 Haitian coup d'état">Haiti (1991)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> (1992) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_1992_Venezuelan_coup_attempt" title="February 1992 Venezuelan coup attempt">February</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1992_Venezuelan_coup_attempt" title="November 1992 Venezuelan coup attempt">November</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> (1992) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1992_Peruvian_self-coup" title="1992 Peruvian self-coup">April</a><sup><small>‡</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Peruvian_coup_attempt" title="1992 Peruvian coup attempt">November</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Guatemalan_constitutional_crisis" title="1993 Guatemalan constitutional crisis">Guatemala (1993)</a><sup><small>‡</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Paraguayan_coup_attempt" title="1996 Paraguayan coup attempt">Paraguay (1996)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2000_Ecuadorian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2000 Ecuadorian coup d'état">Ecuador (2000)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Paraguayan_coup_attempt" title="2000 Paraguayan coup attempt">Paraguay (2000)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locumba_uprising" title="Locumba uprising">Peru (2000)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_Haitian_coup_attempt" title="2001 Haitian coup attempt">Haiti (2001)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Venezuelan_coup_attempt" title="2002 Venezuelan coup attempt">Venezuela (2002)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Haitian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2004 Haitian coup d'état">Haiti (2004)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andahuaylazo" class="mw-redirect" title="Andahuaylazo">Peru (2005)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Honduran_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2009 Honduran coup d'état">Honduras (2009)</a><sup><small>c</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Peruvian_self-coup_attempt" title="2022 Peruvian self-coup attempt">Peru (2022)</a><sup><small>‡</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Bolivian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 Bolivian coup d'état attempt">Bolivia (2024)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>c</sup> successful coup</li> <li><sup>‡</sup> <a href="/wiki/Self-coup" title="Self-coup">self-coup</a></li> <li>no sign for <i>attempted coup</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_intervention_in_Latin_America" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_intervention_in_Latin_America" title="Template:United States intervention in Latin America"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_intervention_in_Latin_America" title="Template talk:United States intervention in Latin America"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_intervention_in_Latin_America" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States intervention in Latin America"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_intervention_in_Latin_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Latin_America%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Latin America–United States relations">United States intervention in Latin America</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Policy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monroe_Doctrine" title="Monroe Doctrine">Monroe Doctrine</a> (1823)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platt_Amendment" title="Platt Amendment">Platt Amendment</a> (1901–1904)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Corollary" title="Roosevelt Corollary">Roosevelt Corollary</a>/<a href="/wiki/Big_Stick_ideology" class="mw-redirect" title="Big Stick ideology">Big Stick ideology</a> (1904)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_Neighbor_policy" title="Good Neighbor policy">Good Neighbor policy</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dollar_diplomacy" title="Dollar diplomacy">Dollar diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banana_Wars" title="Banana Wars">Banana Wars</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mexican%E2%80%93American_War" title="Mexican–American War">Mexican–American War</a> (1846–1848)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War</a> (1898)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Border_War_(1910%E2%80%931919)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexican Border War (1910–1919)">Mexican Border War</a> (1910–1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_involvement_in_the_Mexican_Revolution" title="United States involvement in the Mexican Revolution">United States involvement in the Mexican Revolution</a> (1916–1919)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Overt actions<br /> and occupations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paraguay_expedition" title="Paraguay expedition">Paraguay expedition</a> (1858)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Military_Government_in_Cuba" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Military Government in Cuba">First Occupation of Cuba</a> (1899–1902)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_Panama_from_Colombia" title="Separation of Panama from Colombia">Separation of Panama from Colombia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hay%E2%80%93Bunau-Varilla_Treaty" title="Hay–Bunau-Varilla Treaty">Hay–Bunau-Varilla Treaty</a> (1903)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Honduras#The_internationalization_of_the_north,_1899–1932" title="History of Honduras">Occupations of Honduras</a> (1903–1925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_Cuba" title="Provisional Government of Cuba">Second Occupation of Cuba</a> (1906–1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_occupation_of_Nicaragua" title="United States occupation of Nicaragua">Occupation of Nicaragua</a> (1912–1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_occupation_of_Veracruz" class="mw-redirect" title="United States occupation of Veracruz">Occupation of Veracruz</a> (1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_occupation_of_Haiti" title="United States occupation of Haiti">Occupation of Haiti</a> (1915–1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_occupation_of_the_Dominican_Republic_(1916%E2%80%931924)" class="mw-redirect" title="United States occupation of the Dominican Republic (1916–1924)">Occupation of the Dominican Republic</a> (1916–1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_occupation_of_the_Dominican_Republic_(1965%E2%80%931966)" class="mw-redirect" title="United States occupation of the Dominican Republic (1965–1966)">Occupation of the Dominican Republic</a> (1965–1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_invasion_of_Panama" title="United States invasion of Panama">Invasion of Panama</a> (1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Covert_operation" title="Covert operation">Covert actions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1954_Guatemalan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1954 Guatemalan coup d'état">1954 Guatemalan coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_Paraguayan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1954 Paraguayan coup d'état">1954 Paraguayan coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Pigs_Invasion" title="Bay of Pigs Invasion">Bay of Pigs Invasion</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Mongoose" title="Operation Mongoose">Operation Mongoose</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Bolivian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1964 Bolivian coup d'état">1964 Bolivian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Condor" title="Operation Condor">Operation Condor</a> (1968–1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_FUBELT" title="Project FUBELT">Project FUBELT</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Bolivian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1971 Bolivian coup d'état">1971 Bolivian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1973 Chilean coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Uruguayan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1973 Uruguayan coup d'état">1973 Uruguayan coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limazo" title="Limazo">Limazo</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Argentine_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1976 Argentine coup d'état">1976 Argentine coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_Salvadoran_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1979 Salvadoran coup d'état">1979 Salvadoran coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_Paraguayan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1989 Paraguayan coup d'état">1989 Paraguayan coup d'état</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_involvement_in_regime_change_in_Latin_America" title="United States involvement in regime change in Latin America">United States involvement in regime change in Latin America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contras" title="Contras">Contras</a> (1979–1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Missile_Crisis" title="Cuban Missile Crisis">Cuban Missile Crisis</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaragua_v._United_States" title="Nicaragua v. United States">Nicaragua's case against the United States</a> (1986)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Foreign policy of the United States">Foreign policy of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_America%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Latin America–United States relations">Latin America–United States relations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chile_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Chile_topics" title="Template:Chile topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Chile_topics" title="Template talk:Chile topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Chile_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Chile topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chile_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Chile-related_articles" title="Index of Chile-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Chile" title="History of Chile">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Timeline" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Chilean_history" title="Timeline of Chilean history">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Periods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehispanic_history_of_Chile" title="Prehispanic history of Chile">Prehispanic</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Ante_Christum_natum" title="Ante Christum natum">ACN</a>–1536 <a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">AD</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discovery_of_Chile" title="Discovery of Chile">Spanish Discovery</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1536–1540)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Chile" title="Conquest of Chile">Spanish Conquest</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1540–1600)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_Chile" title="Colonial Chile">Colonial</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1600–1810)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_War_of_Independence" title="Chilean War of Independence">Independence</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1810–1826)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organization_of_the_Chilean_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Organization of the Chilean Republic (page does not exist)">Republic Organization</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1823–1831)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Republic" title="Conservative Republic">Conservative Republic</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1831–1861)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Republic" title="Liberal Republic">Liberal Republic</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1861–1891)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Chile_during_the_Parliamentary_Era_(1891%E2%80%931925)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Chile during the Parliamentary Era (1891–1925)">Parliamentary Era</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1891–1925)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Republic_(1925%E2%80%931973)" title="Presidential Republic (1925–1973)">Presidential Republic</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1925–1973)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_dictatorship_of_Chile_(1973%E2%80%931990)" class="mw-redirect" title="Military dictatorship of Chile (1973–1990)">Pinochet Regime</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1973–1990)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_transition_to_democracy" title="Chilean transition to democracy">Democracy Transition</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1990–Present)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_agriculture_in_Chile" title="History of agriculture in Chile">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banditry_in_Chile" title="Banditry in Chile">Banditry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Chile" title="Economic history of Chile">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_expansionism" title="Chilean expansionism">Expansionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_mining_in_Chile" title="History of mining in Chile">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_history_of_Chile" title="Maritime history of Chile">Maritime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Chile" title="List of wars involving Chile">Wars</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Chile" title="Coat of arms of Chile"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Coat_of_arms_of_Chile_%28c%29.svg/110px-Coat_of_arms_of_Chile_%28c%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Coat_of_arms_of_Chile_%28c%29.svg/165px-Coat_of_arms_of_Chile_%28c%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Coat_of_arms_of_Chile_%28c%29.svg/220px-Coat_of_arms_of_Chile_%28c%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="710" data-file-height="498" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Chile" title="Geography of Chile">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Chile" title="List of cities in Chile">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Chile" title="Climate of Chile">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Chile" title="List of earthquakes in Chile">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Chile" title="Environmental issues in Chile">Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extreme_points_of_Chile" title="List of extreme points of Chile">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fjords,_channels,_sounds_and_straits_of_Chile" title="List of fjords, channels, sounds and straits of Chile">Fjords, channels, sounds and straits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Chile" title="Geology of Chile">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Chile" title="List of islands of Chile">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Chile" title="List of national parks of Chile">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_regions_of_Chile" title="Natural regions of Chile">Natural regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Chile" title="Provinces of Chile">Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Chile" title="Regions of Chile">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Chile" title="List of rivers of Chile">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Chile" title="List of lakes of Chile">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Chile" title="List of volcanoes in Chile">Volcanoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lighthouses_and_lightvessels_in_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="List of lighthouses and lightvessels in Chile">Lighthouses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Chile" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Chile">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Chile" title="Politics of Chile">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Congress_of_Chile" title="National Congress of Chile">National Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Chile" title="Elections in Chile">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Chile" title="Foreign relations of Chile">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Chile">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Chile" title="List of political parties in Chile">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Chile" title="President of Chile">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministries_of_Chile" title="Ministries of Chile">Ministries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Chile" title="Law of Chile">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_Civil_Code" title="Chilean Civil Code">Civil Code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_Constitution_of_1980" title="Chilean Constitution of 1980">Constitution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_history_of_Chile" title="Constitutional history of Chile">History</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Chile" title="Human rights in Chile">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Chile">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Chile" title="Intersex rights in Chile">Intersex</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carabineros_de_Chile" title="Carabineros de Chile">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Chile" title="Supreme Court of Chile">Supreme Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Chile" title="Constitutional Court of Chile">Constitutional Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comptroller_General_of_Chile" title="Comptroller General of Chile">Comptroller General of Chile</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Public safety</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carabineros_de_Chile" title="Carabineros de Chile">Carabineros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_Gendarmerie" title="Chilean Gendarmerie">Gendarmerie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investigations_Police_of_Chile" title="Investigations Police of Chile">Investigations Police</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Chile">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_Air_Force" title="Chilean Air Force">Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_Army" title="Chilean Army">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_Navy" title="Chilean Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_National_Defense_(Chile)" title="Ministry of National Defense (Chile)">Ministry of Defence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Chile" title="Economy of Chile">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Chile" title="Agriculture in Chile">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_in_Chile" title="Aquaculture in Chile">Aquaculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Chile" title="Central Bank of Chile">Central Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Chile" title="List of companies of Chile">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Chile" title="Energy in Chile">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forestry_in_Chile" title="Forestry in Chile">Forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_peso" title="Chilean peso">Peso <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santiago_Stock_Exchange" title="Santiago Stock Exchange">Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Chile" title="Mining in Chile">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Chile" title="Telecommunications in Chile">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Chile" title="Tourism in Chile">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Chile" title="Transport in Chile">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Chile" title="Category:Society of Chile">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Chile" title="Crime in Chile">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Chile" title="Demographics of Chile">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Chile" title="Education in Chile">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Chile" title="Healthcare in Chile">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Chile" title="Immigration to Chile">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Chile" title="Languages of Chile">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chileans" title="Chileans">People</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Chile" title="Indigenous peoples in Chile">Indigenous</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Chile" title="Religion in Chile">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Chile" title="Squatting in Chile">Squatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Chile" title="Water supply and sanitation in Chile">Water supply and sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Chile" title="Women in Chile">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Chile" title="Culture of Chile">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Arts_in_Chile" title="Category:Arts in Chile">Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Beauty_pageants_in_Chile" title="Category:Beauty pageants in Chile">Beauty pageants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Chile" title="Cinema of Chile">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_cuisine" title="Chilean cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_literature" title="Chilean literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Chile" title="Music of Chile">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_mythology" title="Chilean mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Chile" title="List of newspapers in Chile">Newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Chile" title="Public holidays in Chile">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Chile" title="Sport in Chile">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Chile" 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