Fishes | An Open Access Journal from MDPI

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<option value="hydrogen" > Hydrogen </option> <option value="hydrology" > Hydrology </option> <option value="hygiene" > Hygiene </option> <option value="immuno" > Immuno </option> <option value="idr" > Infectious Disease Reports </option> <option value="informatics" > Informatics </option> <option value="information" > Information </option> <option value="infrastructures" > Infrastructures </option> <option value="inorganics" > Inorganics </option> <option value="insects" > Insects </option> <option value="instruments" > Instruments </option> <option value="iic" > Intelligent Infrastructure and Construction </option> <option value="ijerph" > International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH) </option> <option value="ijfs" > International Journal of Financial Studies (IJFS) </option> <option value="ijms" > International Journal of Molecular Sciences (IJMS) </option> <option value="IJNS" > International Journal of Neonatal Screening (IJNS) </option> <option value="ijpb" > International Journal of Plant Biology (IJPB) </option> <option value="ijt" > International Journal of Topology </option> <option value="ijtm" > International Journal of Translational Medicine (IJTM) </option> <option value="ijtpp" > International Journal of Turbomachinery, Propulsion and Power (IJTPP) </option> <option value="ime" > International Medical Education (IME) </option> <option value="inventions" > Inventions </option> <option value="IoT" > IoT </option> <option value="ijgi" > ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information (IJGI) </option> <option value="J" > J </option> <option value="jal" > Journal of Ageing and Longevity (JAL) </option> <option value="jcdd" > Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease (JCDD) </option> <option value="jcto" > Journal of Clinical & Translational Ophthalmology (JCTO) </option> <option value="jcm" > Journal of Clinical Medicine (JCM) </option> <option value="jcs" > Journal of Composites Science (J. 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Intell.) </option> <option value="jlpea" > Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications (JLPEA) </option> <option value="jmmp" > Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing (JMMP) </option> <option value="jmse" > Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (JMSE) </option> <option value="jmahp" > Journal of Market Access & Health Policy (JMAHP) </option> <option value="jmp" > Journal of Molecular Pathology (JMP) </option> <option value="jnt" > Journal of Nanotheranostics (JNT) </option> <option value="jne" > Journal of Nuclear Engineering (JNE) </option> <option value="ohbm" > Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, Hearing and Balance Medicine (JOHBM) </option> <option value="jop" > Journal of Parks </option> <option value="jpm" > Journal of Personalized Medicine (JPM) </option> <option value="jpbi" > Journal of Pharmaceutical and BioTech Industry (JPBI) </option> <option value="jor" > Journal of Respiration (JoR) </option> <option value="jrfm" > Journal of Risk and Financial Management (JRFM) </option> <option value="jsan" > Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks (JSAN) </option> <option value="joma" > Journal of the Oman Medical Association (JOMA) </option> <option value="jtaer" > Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research (JTAER) </option> <option value="jvd" > Journal of Vascular Diseases (JVD) </option> <option value="jox" > Journal of Xenobiotics (JoX) </option> <option value="jzbg" > Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens (JZBG) </option> <option value="journalmedia" > Journalism and Media </option> <option value="kidneydial" > Kidney and Dialysis </option> <option value="kinasesphosphatases" > Kinases and Phosphatases </option> <option value="knowledge" > Knowledge </option> <option value="labmed" > LabMed </option> <option value="laboratories" > Laboratories </option> <option value="land" > Land </option> <option value="languages" > Languages </option> <option value="laws" > Laws </option> <option value="life" > Life 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Mining </option> <option value="modelling" > Modelling </option> <option value="mmphys" > Modern Mathematical Physics </option> <option value="molbank" > Molbank </option> <option value="molecules" > Molecules </option> <option value="mti" > Multimodal Technologies and Interaction (MTI) </option> <option value="muscles" > Muscles </option> <option value="nanoenergyadv" > Nanoenergy Advances </option> <option value="nanomanufacturing" > Nanomanufacturing </option> <option value="nanomaterials" > Nanomaterials </option> <option value="ndt" > NDT </option> <option value="network" > Network </option> <option value="neuroglia" > Neuroglia </option> <option value="neurolint" > Neurology International </option> <option value="neurosci" > NeuroSci </option> <option value="nitrogen" > Nitrogen </option> <option value="ncrna" > Non-Coding RNA (ncRNA) </option> <option value="nursrep" > Nursing Reports </option> <option value="nutraceuticals" > Nutraceuticals </option> <option value="nutrients" > Nutrients </option> <option value="obesities" > Obesities </option> <option value="oceans" > Oceans </option> <option value="onco" > Onco </option> <option value="optics" > Optics </option> <option value="oral" > Oral </option> <option value="organics" > Organics </option> <option value="organoids" > Organoids </option> <option value="osteology" > Osteology </option> <option value="oxygen" > Oxygen </option> <option value="parasitologia" > Parasitologia </option> <option value="particles" > Particles </option> <option value="pathogens" > Pathogens </option> <option value="pathophysiology" > Pathophysiology </option> <option value="pediatrrep" > Pediatric Reports </option> <option value="pets" > Pets </option> <option value="pharmaceuticals" > Pharmaceuticals </option> <option value="pharmaceutics" > Pharmaceutics </option> <option value="pharmacoepidemiology" > Pharmacoepidemiology </option> <option value="pharmacy" > Pharmacy </option> <option value="philosophies" > Philosophies </option> <option value="photochem" > Photochem </option> <option value="photonics" > Photonics </option> <option value="phycology" > Phycology </option> <option value="physchem" > Physchem </option> <option value="psf" > Physical Sciences Forum </option> <option value="physics" > Physics </option> <option value="physiologia" > Physiologia </option> <option value="plants" > Plants </option> <option value="plasma" > Plasma </option> <option value="platforms" > Platforms </option> <option value="pollutants" > Pollutants </option> <option value="polymers" > Polymers </option> <option value="polysaccharides" > Polysaccharides </option> <option value="populations" > Populations </option> <option value="poultry" > Poultry </option> <option value="powders" > Powders </option> <option value="proceedings" > Proceedings </option> <option value="processes" > Processes </option> <option value="prosthesis" > Prosthesis </option> <option value="proteomes" > Proteomes </option> <option 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<option value="toxins" > Toxins </option> <option value="transplantology" > Transplantology </option> <option value="traumacare" > Trauma Care </option> <option value="higheredu" > Trends in Higher Education </option> <option value="tropicalmed" > Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease (TropicalMed) </option> <option value="universe" > Universe </option> <option value="urbansci" > Urban Science </option> <option value="uro" > Uro </option> <option value="vaccines" > Vaccines </option> <option value="vehicles" > Vehicles </option> <option value="venereology" > Venereology </option> <option value="vetsci" > Veterinary Sciences </option> <option value="vibration" > Vibration </option> <option value="virtualworlds" > Virtual Worlds </option> <option value="viruses" > Viruses </option> <option value="vision" > Vision </option> <option value="waste" > Waste </option> <option value="water" > Water </option> <option value="wild" > Wild </option> <option value="wind" > Wind </option> <option 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class="content__container"> <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-link show-for-small-only"> <h2 class="no-padding-left no-margin">Journal Description</h2> </div> <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-content show-for-medium-up"> <div class="journal__description"> <h1> <em>Fishes</em> </h1> <div class="journal__description__content"> <em>Fishes</em> is an international, <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/editorial_process">peer-reviewed</a>, scientific, open access journal published monthly online by MDPI. It covers fishes and aquatic animals research. <a href="http://www.sibic.org/en/">The Iberian Society of Ichthyology (SIBIC)</a> and the <a href="http://aquabio.org.br/pt/">Brazilian Society of Aquaculture and Aquatic Biology (Aquabio)</a> are affiliated with <em>Fishes</em> and their members receive a discount on the article processing charges. <ul> <li><span class="label openaccess"><strong><a title="Open Access" href="https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess">Open Access</a></strong></span>— free for readers, with <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/journal/fishes/apc">article processing charges (APC)</a> paid by authors or their institutions.</li> <li><strong>High Visibility:</strong> indexed within <a href="https://www.scopus.com/sourceid/21100934236">Scopus</a>, <a href="https://mjl.clarivate.com/search-results?issn=2410-3888&hide_exact_match_fl=true&utm_source=mjl&utm_medium=share-by-link&utm_campaign=search-results-share-this-journal">SCIE (Web of Science)</a>, <a href="https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/?_=1643983949654&f%5Bjournal_name%5D%5B%5D=Fishes&q=fishes&search_field=journal_text&sort=date-desc">PubAg</a>, <a href="https://www.ifis.org/fsta">FSTA</a>, and <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/journal/fishes/indexing">other databases</a>.</li> <li><strong><strong>Journal Rank: </strong></strong>JCR - Q2 (Marine and Freshwater Biology) <li><strong>Rapid Publication:</strong> manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 18.2 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 2.4 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the first half of 2024).</li> <li><strong>Recognition of Reviewers:</strong> reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.</li> <li><strong>Testimonials: </strong><a href="https://www.mdpi.com/testimonials?type=all&journal_id=212&page_count=20">See what our editors and authors say about <em>Fishes</em></a>.</li> <li><strong>Companion Journal: </strong><em><a href="https://www.mdpi.com/journal/aquacj">Aquaculture Journal</a></em></li> </ul> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 15px;"> <strong>Impact Factor:</strong> 2.1 (2023); 5-Year Impact Factor: 2.4 (2023) </div> <div> <a href="/journal/fishes/imprint" class="UI_JournalImprintsInfoButton"> <i class="material-icons spaced-link">subject</i> Imprint Information </a>    <a href="/journal/fishes/fishes_flyer.pdf" class="UD_JournalFlyer"> <i class="material-icons spaced-link">get_app</i> Journal Flyer </a>     <a class="oa-link" href="https://www.mdpi.com/about/openaccess"> <i class="material icons spaced-link"></i> Open Access </a>     <strong> ISSN: 2410-3888 </strong> </div> <div style="clear: both;"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="content__container content__container--overflow-initial"> <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-link active"> <h2 class="no-padding-left">Latest Articles</h2> </div> <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-content"> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item no-border"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 13 pages, 4905 KiB   </span> <a href="/2410-3888/9/12/482/pdf?version=1732637552" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Potential Exposure of Aquatic Organisms to Dynamic Visual Cues Originating from Aerial Wind Turbine Blades" data-journal="fishes"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2410-3888/9/12/482">Potential Exposure of Aquatic Organisms to Dynamic Visual Cues Originating from Aerial Wind Turbine Blades</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Benjamin J. Williamson</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Lonneke Goddijn-Murphy</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Jason McIlvenny</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Alan Youngson</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Fishes</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>9</em>(12), 482; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9120482 (registering DOI) - 26 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> For many aquatic species, vision is important for detecting prey, predators, and conspecifics; however, the potential impacts of visual cues from offshore wind turbines have not been investigated in these crucial contexts. There is the possibility of visual cues, originating from moving wind <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/482/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> For many aquatic species, vision is important for detecting prey, predators, and conspecifics; however, the potential impacts of visual cues from offshore wind turbines have not been investigated in these crucial contexts. There is the possibility of visual cues, originating from moving wind turbine blades, propagating through the air–water interface to impact visually sensitive species. Two classes of visual cues are possible: direct motion cues originating as light reflected from moving turbine blades and indirect cues resulting from an interruption of direct sunlight causing dynamic shadowing when the sun, blade, and receptor are aligned. In both cases, the propagation of cues across the air–water interface is governed by physical principles but modulated in potentially complex ways by the aspects of the local environment that vary with time. Evidence for the extent of the exposure of aquatic organisms to the visual cues arising from moving turbine blades and for the potential response of receptor organisms is sparse. This study considers the physics involved to support the formulation and testing of robust biological hypotheses. Marine migratory salmonid species are considered as an example species because their behaviour in the marine environment is relatively well documented. This study concludes that the aquatic receptor organisms present in the uppermost layer of the sea in the vicinity of wind turbines are potentially exposed to direct motion cues originating from moving turbine blades and also, when the sun elevation angle is greater than ca. 20°, to dynamic shadowing cues. <a href="/2410-3888/9/12/482">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Section <a href="/journal/fishes/sections/ECC">Environment and Climate Change</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/482/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1530259"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1530259"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1530259" data-cycle-prev="#prev1530259" data-cycle-progressive="#images1530259" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1530259-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00482/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00482-g001-550.jpg?1732637716" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1530259" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1530259-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00482/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00482-g002-550.jpg?1732637717'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1530259-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00482/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00482-g003-550.jpg?1732637719'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1530259-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00482/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00482-g004-550.jpg?1732637719'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1530259-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00482/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00482-g005-550.jpg?1732637724'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1530259-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00482/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00482-g006-550.jpg?1732637725'><p>Figure 6</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1530259-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00482/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00482-g007-550.jpg?1732637726'><p>Figure 7</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='7' data-target='article-1530259-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00482/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00482-g008-550.jpg?1732637727'><p>Figure 8</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1530259-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00482/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00482-g001-550.jpg?1732637716" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Diagram showing the composition of natural daylight and Fresnel reflection and the refraction of direct light (the solar beam) at a smooth water surface with solar elevation angle ‘<span class="html-italic">h</span>’, angle of incidence ‘<span class="html-italic">i</span>’, and angle of refraction ‘<span class="html-italic">j</span>’ defined as being in the same plane.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/12/482'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00482/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00482-g002-550.jpg?1732637717" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Diagram showing Fresnel reflectance. For <span class="html-italic">i</span> = 0° to 70°, Fresnel reflectance increases from 0.02 to 0.13 (and ultimately to 1 for grazing incidence, <span class="html-italic">i</span> = 90°, when all light is reflected).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/12/482'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00482/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00482-g003-550.jpg?1732637719" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>(<b>Left</b>)—diagram showing Fresnel refraction of light from the upper hemisphere into water; the dashed line indicates the critical angle (48.5°). (<b>Right</b>)—optics of Snell’s window for flat water. Image taken from Lynch [<a href="#B9-fishes-09-00482" class="html-bibr">9</a>].</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/12/482'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00482/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00482-g004-550.jpg?1732637719" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>Diagram showing how light reflected from a point in the air (red line, here the tip of a wind turbine blade, with the wind turbine shown oblique to the page) transmitted across a smooth water surface appears closer to an aquatic receptor organism (green dashed line) due to refraction of light.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/12/482'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00482/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00482-g005-550.jpg?1732637724" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>Visuals of a wind turbine from beneath the water’s surface with increasing roughening of the water surface from a to d, created using Blender [<a href="#B14-fishes-09-00482" class="html-bibr">14</a>]. The figures show (<b>a</b>) no ripples, calm conditions, (<b>b</b>) 5 cm high ripples, (<b>c</b>) 10 cm high ripples, and (<b>d</b>) 25 cm high ripples. Viewpoint placed at 2 m water depth. The 60-m high wind turbine is approximately 250 m from the viewpoint position.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/12/482'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00482/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00482-g006-550.jpg?1732637725" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>Shadow rays (in yellow) from a wind turbine blade traveling across a smooth water surface, with the wind turbine shown oblique to the page.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/12/482'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00482/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00482-g007-550.jpg?1732637726" title=" <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/> <p>Transmission coefficient of light leaving a point at distance x and height z through an air–water interface for an underwater receptor organism at different depths (calculated using the Fresnel equations).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/12/482'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00482/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00482-g008-550.jpg?1732637727" title=" <strong>Figure 8</strong><br/> <p>Attenuated light calculated as exp(-cL) with the light attenuation coefficient c (m<sup>−1</sup>) and path length in water L (m).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/12/482'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="extending-content content-ready"> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 16 pages, 3010 KiB   </span> <a href="/2410-3888/9/12/481/pdf?version=1732636925" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Population Genetics and Gene Flow in Cyphotilapia frontosa and Cyphotilapia gibberosa Along the East Coast of Lake Tanganyika" data-journal="fishes"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2410-3888/9/12/481">Population Genetics and Gene Flow in <i>Cyphotilapia frontosa</i> and <i>Cyphotilapia gibberosa</i> Along the East Coast of Lake Tanganyika</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>George D. Jackson</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Timothy Standish</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Ortaç Çetintaş</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Oleksandr Zinenko</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Asilatu H. Shechonge</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Alexey Yanchukov</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Fishes</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>9</em>(12), 481; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9120481 (registering DOI) - 26 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> The radiation of cichlid species in the East African Great Lakes is remarkable and rapid. The population genetics of two deep-water <i>Cyphotilapia</i> species along the east coast of Lake Tanganyika from Burundi to southern Tanzania was determined using ddRAD-seq. A combination of ADMIXTURE, <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/481/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> The radiation of cichlid species in the East African Great Lakes is remarkable and rapid. The population genetics of two deep-water <i>Cyphotilapia</i> species along the east coast of Lake Tanganyika from Burundi to southern Tanzania was determined using ddRAD-seq. A combination of ADMIXTURE, PCA, genome polarization, and 2D site frequency spectrum analyses confirmed the presence of two species, <i>C. frontosa</i> in the north and <i>C. gibberosa</i> in the south, as documented in other studies. We also found evidence of a potential hybrid zone connecting the two species at a sharp genetic cline centered in the middle of the lake and apparent introgression in both directions, but predominantly from ‘<i>gibberosa</i>’ into ‘<i>frontosa</i>’. The highest proportion of introgressed ‘<i>gibberosa</i>’ ancestry was present in the southernmost populations of <i>C. frontosa</i> collected near Karilani Island and Cape Kabogo. At the intra-specific level, there was support for between 1 and 3 populations of <i>C. frontosa</i>, whereas the results indicated only a single homogeneous population of <i>C. gibberosa</i>. The presence of different morphs in the lake despite the low levels of heterozygosity suggests that a small number of loci may be involved in the morphological variation and/or that there is a more complex interplay between genetics and the environment in different locations. <a href="/2410-3888/9/12/481">Full article</a> </div> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/481/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1530243"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1530243"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1530243" data-cycle-prev="#prev1530243" data-cycle-progressive="#images1530243" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1530243-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00481/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00481-ag-550.jpg?1732637055" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Graphical abstract</p></div><script id="images1530243" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1530243-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00481/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00481-g001-550.jpg?1732637036'><p>Figure 1</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1530243-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00481/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00481-g002-550.jpg?1732637042'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1530243-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00481/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00481-g003-550.jpg?1732637046'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1530243-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00481/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00481-g004-550.jpg?1732637048'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1530243-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00481/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00481-g005-550.jpg?1732637052'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1530243-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00481/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00481-g006-550.jpg?1732637054'><p>Figure 6</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1530243-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00481/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00481-ag-550.jpg?1732637055" title=" <strong>Graphical abstract</strong><br/><strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/12/481'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00481/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00481-g001-550.jpg?1732637036" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p><span class="html-italic">Cyphotilapia</span> from this study: (<b>A</b>) juvenile near Lupita island around 15–20 m in depth. (<b>B</b>,<b>C</b>) Catch in fisherman’s boats between Kipili on the mainland and Lupita Island. (<b>D</b>) Mwamgongo morphs showing variety in bar patterns. (<b>E</b>) Burundi morph. (<b>F</b>) Juvenile near Lupita Island around 15–20 m in depth. (<b>G</b>) Kigoma 7-bar morph. (<b>H</b>) Collection locations of fish for this study.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/12/481'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00481/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00481-g002-550.jpg?1732637042" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>PCA and hierarchical genetic clustering analysis. (<b>A</b>) Principal component analysis: the vertical arrow indicates geographic positions of the localities, north to south. (<b>B</b>) ADMIXTURE plots for the range of values of K (2–6). The individuals on each plot are aligned according to their inferred ancestry proportions of two clusters at K = 2. The inset on the plot with K = 2 shows the respective cross-validation errors (CV) over K (lower values of CV translate into better statistical support).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/12/481'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00481/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00481-g003-550.jpg?1732637046" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Co-ancestry matrix of <span class="html-italic">Cyphotilapia</span> populations in Lake Tanganyika, produced in RADpainter [<a href="#B24-fishes-09-00481" class="html-bibr">24</a>]. The values in the heatmap cells indicate the contributions of inferred genetic ancestry from the individuals listed in columns (“donors”) to the individuals listed in rows (“recipients”). Note the presence of two main clusters (‘<span class="html-italic">gibberosa</span>’ in the bottom left and ‘<span class="html-italic">frontosa</span>’ in the top right), as well as the higher genetic affinity of Cape Kabogo and Karalani Island individuals to the ‘<span class="html-italic">gibberosa</span>’ cluster, likely caused by gene flow.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/12/481'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00481/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00481-g004-550.jpg?1732637048" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>Genetic barrier between <span class="html-italic">C. frontosa</span> and <span class="html-italic">C. gibberosa</span> visualized using SNP polarization in diemr. (<b>A</b>,<b>B</b>) Hybrid index (h) showing a sharp transition between two species, as well as possible traces of admixture on both sides of the barrier: (<b>A</b>) individuals ordered by h; (<b>B</b>) average h per sampling location across the geographic distance (centered at the mid-point between the most distant locations Burundi and Kabwimba) along Lake Tanganyika shore.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/12/481'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00481/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00481-g005-550.jpg?1732637052" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>Introgression between <span class="html-italic">C. frontosa</span> and <span class="html-italic">C. gibberosa</span> visualized using SNP polarization in diemr. (<b>A</b>) The top 30% diagnostic individual SNP genotypes (<span class="html-italic">n</span> = 3624) ordered in rows by their genomic location and colored as follows: teal—homozygotes for <span class="html-italic">frontosa</span> alleles; light blue—homozygotes for <span class="html-italic">gibberosa</span> alleles; red—heterozygotes; and yellow—missing genotypes. (<b>B</b>) Frequency distribution of the diemr per-SNP diagnostic index (d) for the dataset on (<b>A</b>). (<b>C</b>) The distribution of the lower 5% confidence interval boundary of the cline parameter v (cline gradient) among the 330 SNPs included in the bgchm analysis.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/12/481'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00481/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00481-g006-550.jpg?1732637054" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>Asymmetric introgression between two <span class="html-italic">Cyphotilapia</span> species. (<b>A</b>) A 2D site frequency spectrum constructed in <span class="html-italic">snpR</span>. The <span class="html-italic">x</span> and <span class="html-italic">y</span> axes show the projected number of gene copies in <span class="html-italic">frontosa</span> and <span class="html-italic">gibberosa</span> individuals: a small fraction of SNPs with high prevalence in <span class="html-italic">gibberosa</span> but <span class="html-italic">also</span> present at low frequencies in <span class="html-italic">frontosa</span>, indicated by an arrow. (<b>B</b>) Triangular plot of the mixed interspecific individual ancestry vs. hybrid index (=proportion of <span class="html-italic">frontosa</span> alleles), inferred for 330 SNPs in <span class="html-italic">bgchm</span>. Arrow indicates a small number of <span class="html-italic">frontosa</span> individuals with slightly higher values of interspecific ancestry, possibly caused by distant introgression.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/12/481'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 17 pages, 1023 KiB   </span> <a href="/2410-3888/9/12/480/pdf?version=1732635629" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Shelf Life Study of Chilled Mullet (Mugil cephalus): Histamine Formation and Quality Degradation at Constant and Dynamic Storage Conditions" data-journal="fishes"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2410-3888/9/12/480">Shelf Life Study of Chilled Mullet (<i>Mugil cephalus</i>): Histamine Formation and Quality Degradation at Constant and Dynamic Storage Conditions</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Athina Ntzimani</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Eirini Papamichail</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Efimia Dermesonlouoglou</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Theofania Tsironi</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Petros Taoukis</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Fishes</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>9</em>(12), 480; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9120480 (registering DOI) - 26 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> The present work aimed to evaluate and mathematically model the effect of temperature on <i>Morganella morganii</i> growth and histamine formation in farmed mullet (<i>Mugil cephalus</i>) during refrigerated storage (at constant temperatures, <i>T</i> = 0, 2.5, 5, 10, and 15 °C) and <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/480/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> The present work aimed to evaluate and mathematically model the effect of temperature on <i>Morganella morganii</i> growth and histamine formation in farmed mullet (<i>Mugil cephalus</i>) during refrigerated storage (at constant temperatures, <i>T</i> = 0, 2.5, 5, 10, and 15 °C) and to validate the developed models at non-constant temperature conditions (effective temperature <i>T<sub>eff </sub></i>= 7.4 °C). Shelf life evaluation of chilled mullet was also carried out based on microbial spoilage, sensory degradation, and total volatile nitrogen (TVB-N) determination. Spoilage of mullet during refrigerated storage was co-dominated by <i>Pseudomonas </i>spp. and Enterobacteriaceae growth. Sensory rejection (score 5 for overall impression) and the end of shelf life coincided with a total microbial load of 8 log cfu/g. The shelf life of chilled mullet was estimated at 15, 11, 7, 3, and 1.5 days at 0, 2.5, 5, 10, and 15 °C, respectively. At T 0–5 °C, the time of sensory rejection coincided with TVB-N concentrations of 10.2–12.3 mg·100 g<sup>−1</sup>, and at 10–15 °C, the samples were sensorially rejected before TVB-N development. At storage temperatures < 5 °C, sensory rejection was observed well before histamine levels reached a concentration of 50 mg/kg fish flesh. However, when abusive temperatures prevail, histamine should be considered as a risk factor for the human consumption of mullet. <a href="/2410-3888/9/12/480">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/fishes/special_issues/W37056P9VA ">Trends and Advances in Seafood Quality: Processing, Preservation and Safety Processes to Guarantee Food Value</a>)<br/> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 13 pages, 3305 KiB   </span> <a href="/2410-3888/9/12/479/pdf?version=1732634487" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Evaluating Silvering Stages in European Eels: A Study on Biological and Morphometric Variations in the Asi River, Türkiye" data-journal="fishes"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2410-3888/9/12/479">Evaluating Silvering Stages in European Eels: A Study on Biological and Morphometric Variations in the Asi River, Türkiye</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Aydın Demirci</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Fishes</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>9</em>(12), 479; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9120479 (registering DOI) - 26 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> The European eel (<i>Anguilla anguilla</i>) undergoes significant morphological and physiological changes during its transition from the yellow to the silver stage, which are critical for its long-distance spawning migration. This study aimed to investigate these changes in European eels from the <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/479/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> The European eel (<i>Anguilla anguilla</i>) undergoes significant morphological and physiological changes during its transition from the yellow to the silver stage, which are critical for its long-distance spawning migration. This study aimed to investigate these changes in European eels from the Asi River, located in Hatay, Türkiye, during their silvering process. A total of 96 eels were sampled in February 2019, and various morphometric measurements, including total length, body weight, eye dimensions and height, and pectoral fin lengths, were taken. Liver and gonad weights were also measured to assess the hepatosomatic index (HSI). The length–weight relationship for silver eels was described by the equation, W = 0.0072 × L<sup>2.732</sup>, with silver-stage eels showing a higher growth rate compared to yellow-stage eels, which had a relationship of W = 0.0184 × L<sup>2.397</sup>. The average total length of silver eels (431.2 ± 16.7 mm) was significantly greater than that of yellow eels (382.4 ± 11.9 mm). Additionally, pectoral fin length was significantly longer in silver eels (20.8 ± 1.1 mm) compared to yellow eels (14.8 ± 0.9 mm). The hepatosomatic index (HSI) for silver eels was also found to be higher than for yellow eels, indicating increased liver size as an adaptation for energy storage during migration. Eye height, a key indicator of silvering, showed a substantial increase during the transition, with silver-stage eels having an average eye height of 5.3 ± 0.2 mm compared to 4.2 ± 0.1 mm in yellow-stage eels. <a href="/2410-3888/9/12/479">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Section <a href="/journal/fishes/sections/Biology_Ecology">Biology and Ecology</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/479/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1530154"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1530154"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1530154" data-cycle-prev="#prev1530154" data-cycle-progressive="#images1530154" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1530154-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00479/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00479-g001-550.jpg?1732634555" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1530154" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1530154-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00479/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00479-g002-550.jpg?1732634557'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1530154-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00479/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00479-g003-550.jpg?1732634560'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1530154-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00479/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00479-g004-550.jpg?1732634561'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1530154-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00479/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00479-g005-550.jpg?1732634562'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1530154-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00479/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00479-g006-550.jpg?1732634563'><p>Figure 6</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1530154-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00479/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00479-g007-550.jpg?1732634564'><p>Figure 7</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='7' data-target='article-1530154-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00479/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00479-g008-550.jpg?1732634565'><p>Figure 8</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1530154-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00479/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00479-g001-550.jpg?1732634555" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>General view of the Asi River and the sampling locality of European eels collected from the Turkish part of the Asi River in February 2019 (modified from Şimşek and Kale [<a href="#B32-fishes-09-00479" class="html-bibr">32</a>]).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/12/479'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00479/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00479-g002-550.jpg?1732634557" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Distribution of yellow- and silver-stage eels by weight (g) and total length (mm) from the Asi River (February 2019).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/12/479'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00479/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00479-g003-550.jpg?1732634560" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Sex distribution of European eels in yellow and silver stages in the Asi River (February 2019).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/12/479'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00479/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00479-g004-550.jpg?1732634561" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>Length–weight relationship of silver-stage eels in the Asi River (February 2019).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/12/479'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00479/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00479-g005-550.jpg?1732634562" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>Length–weight relationship of yellow-stage eels in the Asi River (February 2019).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/12/479'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00479/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00479-g006-550.jpg?1732634563" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>Comparison of pectoral fin length, eye diameter, and eye height between silver and yellow eels in the Asi River (February 2019).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/12/479'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00479/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00479-g007-550.jpg?1732634564" title=" <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/> <p>Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for the analysis of morphometric differences in silvering stage eels: a predictive model based on length, weight, pectoral fin length, eye width, and eye height (Area under the curve = 0.84).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/12/479'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00479/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00479-g008-550.jpg?1732634565" title=" <strong>Figure 8</strong><br/> <p>Relationship between liver weight and body weight in silver- and yellow-stage eels from the Asi River (February 2019).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/12/479'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 14 pages, 1218 KiB   </span> <a href="/2410-3888/9/12/478/pdf?version=1732631117" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="The Effects of Predominantly Chemoautotrophic Versus Heterotrophic Biofloc Systems on Nitrifying Bacteria, Planktonic Microorganisms, and Growth of Penaeus vannamei, and Oreochromis niloticus in an Integrated Multitrophic Culture" data-journal="fishes"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2410-3888/9/12/478">The Effects of Predominantly Chemoautotrophic Versus Heterotrophic Biofloc Systems on Nitrifying Bacteria, Planktonic Microorganisms, and Growth of <i>Penaeus vannamei</i>, and <i>Oreochromis niloticus</i> in an Integrated Multitrophic Culture</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Raysa Pâmela Oliveira Sena</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Dariano Krummenauer</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Wilson Wasielesky Jr.</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Otávio Augusto Lacerda Ferreira Pimentel</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Aline Bezerra</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Jorge Renato Tagliaferro dos Santos Junior</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Andrezza Carvalho</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Elisa Ravagnan</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Andrea Bagi</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Luis H. S. Poersch</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Fishes</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>9</em>(12), 478; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9120478">https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9120478</a> - 26 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of predominantly chemoautotrophic and heterotrophic biofloc systems on ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB), and planktonic microorganisms in an integrated <i>Penaeus vannamei</i> and <i>Oreochromis niloticus</i> integrated multitrophic culture. Shrimp and tilapia were stocked <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/478/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of predominantly chemoautotrophic and heterotrophic biofloc systems on ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB), and planktonic microorganisms in an integrated <i>Penaeus vannamei</i> and <i>Oreochromis niloticus</i> integrated multitrophic culture. Shrimp and tilapia were stocked at a density of 400 shrimp m<sup>−2</sup> and 45 fish m<sup>−3</sup>, respectively. The trial consisted of two biofloc treatments, with three replicates each: chemoautotrophic and heterotrophic. The identification and quantification of the planktonic microorganisms (ciliates, flagellates, microalgae, and total bacteria) and nitrifying bacteria were carried out through direct counting and fluorescence in situ hybridization, respectively. At the end of the trial, heterotrophic treatment had resulted in higher total abundance of bacteria. The relative abundance of AOB and NOB in relation to the total abundance was less than 0.1% for both treatments. The system was dominated by flagellates in both treatment groups. The abundance of microalgae and ciliates was higher with chemoautotrophic treatment. After 43 days, the shrimp weights were higher in the chemoautotrophic group, while the final weights of the tilapia were not significantly different between the two treatments. The type of biofloc system (Chemoautotrophic vs. Heterotrophic) did not significantly alter the establishment of AOB and NOB in a <i>Penaeus vannamei</i> and <i>Oreochromis niloticus</i> integrated multitrophic culture. The two treatments proved to be equally efficient for maintaining good water quality, but the chemoautotrophic treatment resulted in better shrimp growth. Thus, our study demonstrated that chemoautotrophic biofloc is a promising approach in integrated multitrophic aquaculture. <a href="/2410-3888/9/12/478">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/fishes/special_issues/8R2374OL04 ">Biofloc Technology in Aquaculture</a>)<br/> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <a data-dropdown="drop-supplementary-1529474" aria-controls="drop-supplementary-1529474" aria-expanded="false" title="Supplementary Material"> <i class="material-icons">attachment</i> </a> <div id="drop-supplementary-1529474" class="f-dropdown label__btn__dropdown label__btn__dropdown--wide" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> Supplementary material: <br/> <a href="/2410-3888/9/12/477/s1?version=1732666688"> Supplementary File 1 (ZIP, 4463 KiB) </a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 17 pages, 8321 KiB   </span> <a href="/2410-3888/9/12/477/pdf?version=1732666688" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Ease and Limitations in Using Environmental DNA to Track the Spread of Invasive Host–Parasite Complexes: A Case Study of the Freshwater Fish Pseudorasbora parva and the Cryptic Fungal Parasite Sphaerothecum destruens" data-journal="fishes"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2410-3888/9/12/477">Ease and Limitations in Using Environmental DNA to Track the Spread of Invasive Host–Parasite Complexes: A Case Study of the Freshwater Fish <i>Pseudorasbora parva</i> and the Cryptic Fungal Parasite <i>Sphaerothecum destruens</i></a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Théo Deremarque</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Rodolphe Elie Gozlan</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Ravo Ravaozafindrasoa</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Giuliano Mucci</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Lucie Delalex</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Jean-Michel Foissy</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Michaël Cagnant</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Mathieu Clair</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Justina Givens</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Fabienne Justy</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Alice Valentini</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Delphine Nicolas</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Pascal Contournet</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Claire Tetrel</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Marc Thibault</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Marine Combe</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Fishes</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>9</em>(12), 477; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9120477">https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9120477</a> - 26 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> The spread of non-native species threatens biodiversity and exacerbates societal challenges like food security. To address this, effective conservation programs require detection methods that are easy to implement, accurate, and non-invasive. Over the past 15 years, environmental DNA (eDNA) techniques have gained popularity, <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/477/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> The spread of non-native species threatens biodiversity and exacerbates societal challenges like food security. To address this, effective conservation programs require detection methods that are easy to implement, accurate, and non-invasive. Over the past 15 years, environmental DNA (eDNA) techniques have gained popularity, surpassing traditional sampling methods. In this context, our study focused on tracking the invasive host–pathogen complex <i>Pseudorasbora parva</i> and <i>Sphaerothecum destruens</i> using eDNA metabarcoding. We collected water samples from freshwater canals over five months in the Camargue region, and once in Corsica Island, both in southern France. Total DNA was extracted from filtered water samples, and PCR-amplicons were sequenced using Illumina or Nanopore technologies. Our results revealed a high detection rate of <i>P. parva</i> in lentic ecosystems, aligning with habitat preferences of this small freshwater fish. Additionally, the detection rate in Camargue increased in May and June, likely due to the peak of the spawning season, which leads to more DNA being released into the environment (i.e., concentration and interaction of individuals). While eDNA successfully detected this invasive fish, we were unable to detect its cryptic fungal parasite, <i>S. destruens</i>, highlighting the challenges of identifying intracellular and cryptic fungal pathogens through eDNA methods. <a href="/2410-3888/9/12/477">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/fishes/special_issues/O02TQT6MIN ">Detection and Monitoring of Aquatic Pathogens by Using Environmental DNA (eDNA)</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/477/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1529474"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1529474"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1529474" data-cycle-prev="#prev1529474" data-cycle-progressive="#images1529474" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1529474-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00477/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00477-g001-550.jpg?1732666913" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1529474" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1529474-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00477/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00477-g002-550.jpg?1732666916'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1529474-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00477/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00477-g003-550.jpg?1732666917'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1529474-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00477/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00477-g004-550.jpg?1732666921'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1529474-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00477/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00477-g005-550.jpg?1732666924'><p>Figure 5</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1529474-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00477/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00477-g001-550.jpg?1732666913" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Map of the sampling sites sampled from January to June 2023 and located in 4 areas of the Camargue region. For each area, 3 aquatic sites were sampled.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/12/477'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00477/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00477-g002-550.jpg?1732666916" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Map of the sampling sites sampled in April 2023 located in the Golo River and Lake Calacuccia in Corsica Island.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/12/477'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00477/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00477-g003-550.jpg?1732666917" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Detection rate of <span class="html-italic">P. parva</span> in four areas in the Camargue for each month studied.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/12/477'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00477/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00477-g004-550.jpg?1732666921" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>Box plot of the percentage of reads generated by Nanopore sequencing and mapping the mtDNA 16S gene of <span class="html-italic">P. parva</span> in the Camargue region. * <span class="html-italic">p</span>-value &lt; 0.05.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/12/477'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00477/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00477-g005-550.jpg?1732666924" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>Clades detected in Camargue (data pooled for February, March, and June) by Illumina sequencing of amplicons obtained by PCR with the ChF2-ChR2 primers. For each clade the number of reads mapping its genome is indicated. (<b>A</b>) Pebre canal; (<b>B</b>) Fumemorte canal; (<b>C</b>) Grandes Cabanes Domain; (<b>D</b>) Belugue canal.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/12/477'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 21 pages, 3093 KiB   </span> <a href="/2410-3888/9/12/476/pdf?version=1732616962" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Potential Probiotic Bacillus Strains with Antioxidant and Antimutagenic Activity Increased Weight Gain and Altered hsp70, cxc, tnfα, il1β, and lysC Gene Expression in Clarias gariepinus" data-journal="fishes"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2410-3888/9/12/476">Potential Probiotic <i>Bacillus</i> Strains with Antioxidant and Antimutagenic Activity Increased Weight Gain and Altered <i>hsp70</i>, <i>cxc</i>, <i>tnfα</i>, <i>il1β</i>, and <i>lysC</i> Gene Expression in <i>Clarias gariepinus</i></a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Radomir Viktorovich Skripnichenko</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Daria Sergeevna Chelombitskaya</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Evgeniya Valer’evna Prazdnova</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Maxim Pavlovich Kulikov</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Alexey Mikhailovich Neurov</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Anna Andreevna Zaikina</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Vadim Alekseevich Grigoryev</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Marina Nikolaevna Sorokina</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Vladimir Anatolievich Chistyakov</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Michael Leonidas Chikindas</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Dmitriy Vladimirovich Rudoy</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Fishes</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>9</em>(12), 476; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9120476">https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9120476</a> - 25 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> The potential probiotic properties of three <i>Bacillus</i> strains were studied. A probiotic supplement for the African catfish <i>Clarias gariepinus</i> was produced via the solid-state fermentation protocol and incorporated into the fish feed for a period of seven weeks. Since the 36th day of <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/476/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> The potential probiotic properties of three <i>Bacillus</i> strains were studied. A probiotic supplement for the African catfish <i>Clarias gariepinus</i> was produced via the solid-state fermentation protocol and incorporated into the fish feed for a period of seven weeks. Since the 36th day of the experiment, all experimental groups had a statistically significant increase in their weight gain than the control group. The maximum weight gain observed in fish fed the probiotic-supplemented feed was 29.16% higher than that of the control group, and the maximum feed conversion rate improvement was 24%. Cell-free extracts from these strains showed antioxidant (11.55–27.40%) and DNA-protective (45.33–61.83%) activity in a series of in vitro biosensor tests. Further investigation into the antimutagenic activity of the strains revealed that two of them reduced the level of induced mutagenesis in an <i>Escherichia coli</i> model (by 33.58% and 54.35%, respectively). We also assessed the impact of probiotic strains on the expression of several key genes in the host (<i>C. gariepinus</i>), including <i>hsp70</i>, <i>cxc</i>, <i>tnfα</i>, <i>il1β</i>, and <i>lysC</i>. More than a 10-fold increase in expression rates was observed for <i>hsp70</i> in gonads and liver; for <i>cxc</i> in muscles and gonads; for <i>tnfα</i> in brain, gills, and liver; for <i>il1β</i> in the brain, gills, gonads, and liver; and for <i>lysC</i> in gills, gonads, liver, and muscles. This study provides evidence that probiotics exhibiting antioxidant and antimutagenic properties can provide significant benefits in vivo within aquaculture systems. The molecular effects of these probiotics appear to be complex and tissue-specific, with both upregulation and downregulation of immune system genes observed. Nevertheless, at the organismal level, the impact was unequivocally positive in terms of aquaculture objectives, manifested as enhanced body weight gain in the fish. Consequently, these <i>Bacillus</i> strains warrant serious consideration as potential probiotics for this species. <a href="/2410-3888/9/12/476">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/fishes/special_issues/Q0350IF838 ">The Effects of Feed on the Growth Immunity and Metabolism of Fishes</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/476/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1528814"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1528814"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1528814" data-cycle-prev="#prev1528814" data-cycle-progressive="#images1528814" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1528814-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00476/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00476-g001-550.jpg?1732617057" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1528814" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1528814-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00476/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00476-g002-550.jpg?1732617060'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1528814-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00476/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00476-g003-550.jpg?1732617061'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1528814-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00476/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00476-g004-550.jpg?1732617062'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1528814-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00476/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00476-g005-550.jpg?1732617064'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1528814-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00476/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00476-g006-550.jpg?1732617065'><p>Figure 6</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1528814-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00476/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00476-g007-550.jpg?1732617066'><p>Figure 7</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='7' data-target='article-1528814-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00476/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00476-g008-550.jpg?1732617068'><p>Figure 8</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='8' data-target='article-1528814-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00476/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00476-g009-550.jpg?1732617070'><p>Figure 9</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1528814-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00476/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00476-g001-550.jpg?1732617057" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Antioxidant and DNA-protective activity of potential probiotic strains. All effects were statistically significant (<span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05). Tocopherol was used as a standard antioxidant.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/12/476'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00476/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00476-g002-550.jpg?1732617060" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Frequencies of spontaneous and dioxidine-induced mutagenesis in <span class="html-italic">E. coli</span> MG1655 under the action of preparations of the studied strains. * These experimental data have a statistically significant difference from the control (<span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/12/476'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00476/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00476-g003-550.jpg?1732617061" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Relative mRNA expression of the <span class="html-italic">hsp70</span> gene in different tissues of <span class="html-italic">C. gariepinus</span> (<span class="html-italic">p</span>-values for the brain, gill, gonad, liver, and muscle tissues were 0.007937, 0.07276, 0.09663, 0.01015, and 0.01889 (for <span class="html-italic">B. subtilis</span> R1); 0.5476, 0.06088, 0.125, 0.07507, and 0.02579 (for <span class="html-italic">B. subtilis</span> R4); and 0.15, 0.08589, 0.1718, 0.02247, and 1.1157 (for <span class="html-italic">B. velezensis</span> R5), respectively). Thick lines inside the boxes indicate the medians; circles outside the boxes indicate the outliers.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/12/476'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00476/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00476-g004-550.jpg?1732617062" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>Relative mRNA expression of the <span class="html-italic">cxc</span> gene in different tissues of <span class="html-italic">C. gariepinus</span> (<span class="html-italic">p</span>-values for the brain, gill, gonad, liver, and muscle tissues were 0.9802, 0.08762, 0.1558, 0.003346 (for <span class="html-italic">B. subtilis</span> R1); 0.6268, 0.09122, 0.207, 0.09524, and 0.1676 (for <span class="html-italic">B. subtilis</span> R4); and 0.2877, 0.2723, 0.004556, 0.01587, and 0.466 (for <span class="html-italic">B. velezensis</span> R5), respectively). Thick lines inside the boxes indicate the medians; circles outside the boxes indicate the outliers.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/12/476'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00476/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00476-g005-550.jpg?1732617064" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>Relative expression of mRNA of the <span class="html-italic">tnfa</span> gene in different tissues of <span class="html-italic">C. gariepinus</span> (<span class="html-italic">p</span>-values for the brain, gill, gonad, liver, and muscle tissues were 0.5445, 0.1272, 0.774, 0.007937, and 0.1091 (for <span class="html-italic">B. subtilis</span> R1); 0.01978, 0.008842, 0.4466, 0.09524, and 0.3561 (for <span class="html-italic">B. subtilis</span> R4); and 0.01753, 0.04634, 0.1412, 0.007937, 0.6802 (for <span class="html-italic">B. velezensis</span> R5), respectively). Thick lines inside the boxes indicate the medians; circles outside the boxes indicate the outliers.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/12/476'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00476/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00476-g006-550.jpg?1732617065" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>Relative expression of mRNA of the <span class="html-italic">il1β</span> gene in different tissues of <span class="html-italic">C. gariepinus</span> (<span class="html-italic">p</span>-values for the brain, gill, gonad, liver, and muscle tissues were 0.1005, 0.005556, 0.03175, 0.07213, and 0.3931 (for <span class="html-italic">B. subtilis</span> R1); 0.07737, 0.007937, 0.8413, 0.02697, and 0.07423 (for <span class="html-italic">B. subtilis</span> R4); and 0.1121, 0.1508, 0.03175, 0.2175, and 0.615 (for <span class="html-italic">B. velezensis</span> R5), respectively). Thick lines inside the boxes indicate the medians; circles outside the boxes indicate the outliers.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/12/476'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00476/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00476-g007-550.jpg?1732617066" title=" <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/> <p>Relative expression of mRNA of the <span class="html-italic">lysC</span> gene in different tissues of <span class="html-italic">C. gariepinus</span> (<span class="html-italic">p</span>-values for the brain, gill, gonad, liver, and muscle tissues was 0.1149, 0.003685, 0.02024, 0.007937, 0.8413 (for <span class="html-italic">B. subtilis</span> R1); 0.8046, 0.0006603, 0.03012, 0.09524, and 0.01587 (for <span class="html-italic">B. subtilis</span> R4); and 0.01873, 0.01638, 0.001216, 0.007937, and 0.007937 (for <span class="html-italic">B. velezensis</span> R5), respectively). Thick lines inside the boxes indicate the medians; circles outside the boxes indicate the outliers.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/12/476'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00476/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00476-g008-550.jpg?1732617068" title=" <strong>Figure 8</strong><br/> <p>Weight gain dynamic throughout the experiment. Since Day 36, all groups have a statistically significant difference from the control (<span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/12/476'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00476/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00476-g009-550.jpg?1732617070" title=" <strong>Figure 9</strong><br/> <p>Effect of potential probiotic <span class="html-italic">Bacillus</span> strains on weight gain. All groups have a statistically significant difference from the control (<span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/12/476'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 16 pages, 1649 KiB   </span> <a href="/2410-3888/9/12/475/pdf?version=1732519758" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="A Deep Dive into the Trophic Ecology of Engraulis ringens: Assessing Diet Through Stomach Content and Stable Isotope Analysis" data-journal="fishes"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2410-3888/9/12/475">A Deep Dive into the Trophic Ecology of <i>Engraulis ringens</i>: Assessing Diet Through Stomach Content and Stable Isotope Analysis</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Carolina Cárcamo</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Eric T. Schultz</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Francisco Leiva</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Alvaro Saavedra</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Sebastian A. Klarian</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Fishes</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>9</em>(12), 475; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9120475">https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9120475</a> - 25 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Our study investigates the trophic ecology of the anchoveta (<i>Engraulis ringens</i>). The anchoveta plays a key role in the Greater Humboldt Ecosystem and is extensively exploited by countries from the south-eastern Pacific Ocean. For a comprehensive study of trophic ecology, we <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/475/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Our study investigates the trophic ecology of the anchoveta (<i>Engraulis ringens</i>). The anchoveta plays a key role in the Greater Humboldt Ecosystem and is extensively exploited by countries from the south-eastern Pacific Ocean. For a comprehensive study of trophic ecology, we employed a combined approach that included stomach content analysis, stable isotope analysis, and scaled mass index of body condition. Our results showed that the multivariate composition of the diet varies significantly between life stage and fishing zones in Chile. Copepods and euphausiids emerged as the dominant prey found in the stomachs across all fisheries zones. Stable isotope analysis revealed significant differences among different zones. The scaled mass index values were higher in the northern zone compared to the southern zones, for both juveniles and adults. This research carries significant implications for fisheries management and conservation efforts, such as the development of targeted management strategies that address variations in the trophic structure of anchoveta across different life stages and fishing zones. <a href="/2410-3888/9/12/475">Full article</a> </div> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/475/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1528501"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1528501"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1528501" data-cycle-prev="#prev1528501" data-cycle-progressive="#images1528501" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1528501-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00475/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00475-g001-550.jpg?1732519864" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1528501" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1528501-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00475/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00475-g002-550.jpg?1732519865'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1528501-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00475/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00475-g003-550.jpg?1732519867'><p>Figure 3</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1528501-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00475/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00475-g001-550.jpg?1732519864" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Study area and sampling locations off the coast of Chile. Samples were collected during three separate hydroacoustic surveys for Pacific small pelagic fishes conducted aboard the research vessel B/C Abate Molina, operated by the Instituto de Fomento Pesquero (IFOP). The sea surface temperature (SST) is represented by the mean value observed during the sampling period. The data were obtained from <a href="https://giovanni.gsfc.nasa.gov" target="_blank">https://giovanni.gsfc.nasa.gov</a>, accessed on 17 June 2024.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/12/475'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00475/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00475-g002-550.jpg?1732519865" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Estimation of the proportion of main prey items (copepods and euphausiids) in (<b>a</b>) juvenile and (<b>b</b>) adult anchovetas in fishing zones, based on Bayesian analysis of stomach contents.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/12/475'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00475/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00475-g003-550.jpg?1732519867" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Biplot of stable isotopes <span class="html-italic">δ<sup>13</sup>C</span> and <span class="html-italic">δ<sup>15</sup>N</span> for anchovetas in zones A, B, and C and their main prey items.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/12/475'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 13 pages, 2637 KiB   </span> <a href="/2410-3888/9/12/474/pdf?version=1732611200" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Effects of Transport Stress (Duration and Density) on the Physiological Conditions of Marbled Rockfish (Sebastiscus marmoratus, Cuvier 1829) Juveniles and Water Quality" data-journal="fishes"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2410-3888/9/12/474">Effects of Transport Stress (Duration and Density) on the Physiological Conditions of Marbled Rockfish (<i>Sebastiscus marmoratus, Cuvier 1829</i>) Juveniles and Water Quality</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Jiahao Wang</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Kaida Xu</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Xinyi Chen</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Haoxue Wang</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Zhe Li</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Fishes</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>9</em>(12), 474; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9120474">https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9120474</a> - 22 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Live transportation is a critical component of fish farming and hatchery release. To optimize hatchery-release techniques and improve the survival rate of marbled rockfish (<i>Sebastiscus marmoratus</i>, Cuvier 1829) juveniles, the effects of varying transport durations (2, 4, 6, and 8 h) <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/474/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Live transportation is a critical component of fish farming and hatchery release. To optimize hatchery-release techniques and improve the survival rate of marbled rockfish (<i>Sebastiscus marmoratus</i>, Cuvier 1829) juveniles, the effects of varying transport durations (2, 4, 6, and 8 h) and densities (60, 90, 120, and 150 kg m<sup>−3</sup>) on the physiological indicators of the fish and water quality were investigated under controlled laboratory conditions. We found that as transport duration and density increased, water quality significantly deteriorated, with ammonia nitrogen levels rising and dissolved oxygen content and pH levels decreasing. Physiological indicators including levels of lactate, cortisol, and malondialdehyde and activities of superoxide dismutase, alkaline phosphatase, and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase notably increased, indicating that the fish experienced heightened stress during transport. Additionally, the mortality rate of juveniles increased significantly with increasing density and transport duration. The high mortality rate might be associated with sustained elevated cortisol levels and liver damage. Our results are helpful for determining the optimal transport conditions for <i>S. marmoratus</i> juveniles and also provide valuable insights for improving transport techniques for other aquatic animal species. <a href="/2410-3888/9/12/474">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/fishes/special_issues/D64H25P833 ">Biodiversity and Spatial Distribution of Fishes, Second Edition</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/474/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1527485"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1527485"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1527485" data-cycle-prev="#prev1527485" data-cycle-progressive="#images1527485" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1527485-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00474/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00474-g001a-550.jpg?1732611292" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1527485" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1527485-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00474/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00474-g001b-550.jpg?1732611292'><p>Figure 1 Cont.</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1527485-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00474/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00474-g002-550.jpg?1732611294'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1527485-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00474/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00474-g003-550.jpg?1732611295'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1527485-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00474/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00474-g004-550.jpg?1732611299'><p>Figure 4</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1527485-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00474/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00474-g001a-550.jpg?1732611292" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Water quality parameters including (<b>a</b>) NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N (unit: mg L<sup>−1</sup>), (<b>b</b>) pH, and (<b>c</b>) DO (mg L<sup>−1</sup>) for different density groups (60, 90, 120, and 150 kg m<sup>−3</sup> represented by the red, reddish brown, light yellow, and light blue bars, respectively) after different transport durations (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h). Different uppercase letters indicate significant differences between different transport durations within the same density group (<span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different density groups at the same transport duration (<span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05). The same is true for subsequent figures.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/12/474'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00474/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00474-g001b-550.jpg?1732611292" title=" <strong>Figure 1 Cont.</strong><br/> <p>Water quality parameters including (<b>a</b>) NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N (unit: mg L<sup>−1</sup>), (<b>b</b>) pH, and (<b>c</b>) DO (mg L<sup>−1</sup>) for different density groups (60, 90, 120, and 150 kg m<sup>−3</sup> represented by the red, reddish brown, light yellow, and light blue bars, respectively) after different transport durations (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h). Different uppercase letters indicate significant differences between different transport durations within the same density group (<span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different density groups at the same transport duration (<span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05). The same is true for subsequent figures.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/12/474'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00474/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00474-g002-550.jpg?1732611294" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Physiological indicators including (<b>a</b>) lactate (µmol g<sup>−1</sup>), (<b>b</b>) MDA (nmol mL<sup>−1</sup>), (<b>c</b>) cortisol (ng L<sup>−1</sup>), (<b>d</b>) SOD (IU mL<sup>−1</sup>), (<b>e</b>) ALP (IU L<sup>−1</sup>), and (<b>f</b>) GOT (U L<sup>−1</sup>) in each density groups (60, 90, 120, and 150 kg m<sup>−3</sup> represented by the red, reddish brown, light yellow, and light blue bar) after different transport duration (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/12/474'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00474/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00474-g003-550.jpg?1732611295" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Mortality rates (%) of the samples under different transport durations (2, 4, 6, and 8 h) and densities (0, 60, 90, 120, and 150 kg m<sup>−3</sup>).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/12/474'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00474/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00474-g004-550.jpg?1732611299" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>Results of correlation analysis between mortality rate and physiological indicators. The right bar shows the correlation closeness between 0.6 represented by red and −0.4 represented by light blue.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/12/474'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 19 pages, 2562 KiB   </span> <a href="/2410-3888/9/12/473/pdf?version=1732287754" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Correlation Between Sensory Characteristics and Physicochemical Properties of Wild and Farmed Frozen Southern Bluefin Tuna (Thunnus maccoyii)" data-journal="fishes"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2410-3888/9/12/473">Correlation Between Sensory Characteristics and Physicochemical Properties of Wild and Farmed Frozen Southern Bluefin Tuna (<i>Thunnus maccoyii</i>)</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Hiroki Kashikura</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Masafumi Yagi</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Yusa Nakamura</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Akira Sakai</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Kigen Takahashi</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Seiichi Hiratsuka</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Keiichi Goto</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Fishes</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>9</em>(12), 473; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9120473">https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9120473</a> - 22 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> In this study, to investigate the quality of wild and farmed frozen southern bluefin tuna, physicochemical analyses and sensory evaluations were conducted. Principal component analysis was then performed using the results obtained to examine the correlation between the bluefin tuna’s taste characteristics and <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/473/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> In this study, to investigate the quality of wild and farmed frozen southern bluefin tuna, physicochemical analyses and sensory evaluations were conducted. Principal component analysis was then performed using the results obtained to examine the correlation between the bluefin tuna’s taste characteristics and physicochemical properties. The sensory evaluation suggested differences in texture and acidity between wild and farmed fish, whereas the principal component analysis indicated differences in fatty acid and amino acid composition. Wild fish contained higher levels of docosahexaenoic acid and monounsaturated fatty acids, while farmed fish had higher levels of saturated fatty acids. Regarding free amino acids and dipeptides, wild fish had higher levels of anserine and alanine, whereas farmed fish showed higher levels of glutamine and histidine, and acidity was observed in farmed fish. Furthermore, based on the results of the principal component analysis, it was inferred that the content of inosinic acid, which is considered an umami component in fish, may have a low impact on palatability. These factors were suggested to influence the differences between wild and farmed tuna. <a href="/2410-3888/9/12/473">Full article</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 15 pages, 284 KiB   </span> <a href="/2410-3888/9/12/472/pdf?version=1732282809" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="When Mediterranean Artisanal Fishers Protect Coastal Ecosystems" data-journal="fishes"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Brief Report</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2410-3888/9/12/472">When Mediterranean Artisanal Fishers Protect Coastal Ecosystems</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Cornelia E. Nauen</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Fishes</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>9</em>(12), 472; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9120472">https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9120472</a> - 22 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> According to EuroStat data, the recorded landings of fisheries products from European waters were estimated at about 6 million tons in 2001, down to 3.2 million tons in 2022. This gradual decline slowed after the entering into force of the reform of the <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/472/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> According to EuroStat data, the recorded landings of fisheries products from European waters were estimated at about 6 million tons in 2001, down to 3.2 million tons in 2022. This gradual decline slowed after the entering into force of the reform of the European Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) at the end of 2013, but was followed by a steeper decline after 2018. This is reflected in the last assessment of the Scientific Technical and Economic Committee for Fisheries (STEPF), noting that despite progress in the NE Atlantic management, 41% of the assessed stocks in 2022 were outside safe biological limits, down from 80% in 2003. Improvements in the Mediterranean are significantly slower. A warming ocean provokes the measurable poleward migration of species and adds stress to predator–prey relations in all European seas. Within this general picture, the broad-brush landscape is influenced by policy applications more in favour of industrial exploitation and regulatory and market environments, making it very hard for many small-scale fishers (SSFs) to remain in business, let alone attract younger successors for generational transition. In crowded marine spaces, it is a challenge to allocate access rights fairly between fisheries, exclusion zones for resource and habitat protection and much-needed ecosystem recovery, platforms for fossil exploitation, wind farms, underwater cables and recreational uses. Two examples of local initiatives with faunal recovery potential in the Mediterranean are briefly presented as a bottom-up complement to more top-down management approaches. They are spearheaded by artisanal fishers, who seek to restore spawning grounds and other coastal habitats as a way to procure enough fish and other complementary activities to secure their livelihoods in the future. They are supported by local scientists and nature conservation organisations. While promising, this is still rather the exception. Here, it is argued that trust-building between artisanal fishers, conservationists and scientists, and greater systemic support to SSFs by governments, increase chances for the urgently needed structural shifts that deliver the reversal in the ongoing decline in biodiversity and ocean productivity that all aspire to, to ensure sustained social and economic benefits. <a href="/2410-3888/9/12/472">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/fishes/special_issues/CLN21ALD90 ">Fisheries Policies and Management</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/472/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1527247-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00472/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00472-ag-550.jpg?1732523722" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Graphical abstract</p></div></div></div><div id="article-1527247-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00472/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00472-ag-550.jpg?1732523722" title=" <strong>Graphical abstract</strong><br/><strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/12/472'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <a data-dropdown="drop-supplementary-1526875" aria-controls="drop-supplementary-1526875" aria-expanded="false" title="Supplementary Material"> <i class="material-icons">attachment</i> </a> <div id="drop-supplementary-1526875" class="f-dropdown label__btn__dropdown label__btn__dropdown--wide" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> Supplementary material: <br/> <a href="/2410-3888/9/12/471/s1?version=1732267305"> Supplementary File 1 (ZIP, 10437 KiB) </a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 19 pages, 3462 KiB   </span> <a href="/2410-3888/9/12/471/pdf?version=1732267305" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Identification of SNPs and Candidate Genes Associated with Growth Using GWAS and Transcriptome Analysis in Portuguese Oyster (Magallana angulata)" data-journal="fishes"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2410-3888/9/12/471">Identification of SNPs and Candidate Genes Associated with Growth Using GWAS and Transcriptome Analysis in Portuguese Oyster (<i>Magallana angulata</i>)</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Jingyi Xie</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Yue Ning</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Yi Han</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Caiyuan Su</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Xiaoyan Zhou</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Qisheng Wu</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Xiang Guo</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Jianfei Qi</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Hui Ge</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Yizou Ke</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Mingyi Cai</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Fishes</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>9</em>(12), 471; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9120471">https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9120471</a> - 22 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Portuguese oyster (<i>Magallana angulata</i>) is one of the most important shellfish species worldwide. Although significant improvements in growth have been achieved through artificial selection breeding, the genetic basis underlying these traits remains unclear. Thus, this study aimed to (i) estimate variation <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/471/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Portuguese oyster (<i>Magallana angulata</i>) is one of the most important shellfish species worldwide. Although significant improvements in growth have been achieved through artificial selection breeding, the genetic basis underlying these traits remains unclear. Thus, this study aimed to (i) estimate variation and heritability for growth-related traits and (ii) identify SNPs and candidate genes associated with growth traits in Portuguese oyster. Five growth-related traits, including shell height (SH), shell length (SL), shell width (SW), whole weight (WW), and soft tissue weight (STW), were measured and analyzed in 114 one-year-old individuals from a cultivated population in Fujian Province, China. Through whole-genome sequencing and genotyping, we obtained 8,183,713 high-quality SNPs. Based on the genomic relationship matrix, heritability for the five traits was estimated, ranging from 0.071 to 0.695. Through genome-wide association analysis (GWAS), a total of nine SNPs were identified as significantly or suggestively associated with one of the growth-related traits, each explaining phenotypic variation ranging from 14.13% to 18.56%. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between individuals with extreme phenotypes were identified using comparative transcriptome analysis, ranging from 868 to 2274 for each trait. By combining GWAS and comparative transcriptome analysis, a total of seven candidate genes were identified, with biological functions related to growth inhibition, stress response, cell cycle regulation, and immune defense. The associations between the candidate genes and the growth-related traits were validated by using single-marker association analysis in other populations. Based on SNPs in these candidate genes, 16 haplotypes associated with growth-related traits were obtained. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the genetic mechanisms of growth traits, and provides a theoretical basis and genetic markers for the breeding of fast-growing strains of the Portuguese oyster. <a href="/2410-3888/9/12/471">Full article</a> </div> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/471/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1526875"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1526875"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1526875" data-cycle-prev="#prev1526875" data-cycle-progressive="#images1526875" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1526875-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00471/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00471-g001-550.jpg?1732267458" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1526875" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1526875-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00471/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00471-g002-550.jpg?1732267460'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1526875-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00471/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00471-g003-550.jpg?1732267461'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1526875-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00471/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00471-g004-550.jpg?1732267463'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1526875-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00471/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00471-g005-550.jpg?1732267465'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1526875-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00471/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00471-g006-550.jpg?1732267466'><p>Figure 6</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1526875-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00471/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00471-g001-550.jpg?1732267458" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>(<b>A</b>) Identification of shell sizes of Portuguese oyster. (<b>B</b>) Pearson correlation between each pair of studied traits.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/12/471'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00471/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00471-g002-550.jpg?1732267460" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Comparison of growth traits between male and female individuals. **** indicates <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.0001; ns indicates not significant.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/12/471'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00471/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00471-g003-550.jpg?1732267461" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>GWAS of growth traits in Portuguese oyster, including SH, SL, SW, WW, and STW. The dashed lines at −log10 (<span class="html-italic">p</span>) = 6.91 and 8.20 correspond to the suggestive and significant association levels, respectively.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/12/471'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00471/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00471-g004-550.jpg?1732267463" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>DEGs between extreme phenotypes for five growth-related traits. (<b>A</b>) Volcano plot of DEGs for the SH trait. Red and blue dots represent significantly upregulated and downregulated genes (|log 2 FC| ≥ 1 and <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05), respectively. Gray dots represent genes with no significant differential expression between individuals with the largest and smallest phenotypes. (<b>B</b>) Volcano plot of DEGs for SL trait. (<b>C</b>) Volcano plot of DEGs for SW trait. (<b>D</b>) Volcano plot of DEGs for WW trait. (<b>E</b>) Volcano plot of DEGs for STW trait.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/12/471'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00471/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00471-g005-550.jpg?1732267465" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>Venn diagrams of DEGs obtained from RNA-seq based on the extreme phenotypes of 5 growth traits. (<b>A</b>) Downregulated DEGs. (<b>B</b>) Upregulated DEGs. Green represents SH trait, blue represents SL trait, pink represents SW trait, yellow represents WW trait, and orange represents STW trait.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/12/471'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00471/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00471-g006-550.jpg?1732267466" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>Variation analysis of two candidate genes in the population. (<b>A</b>) NJ phylogenetic tree of the <span class="html-italic">sstr2</span> gene region. According to the branches of the NJ phylogenetic tree, all individuals were divided into three groups: G1, G2, and G3. (<b>B</b>) Comparison of genotype heatmaps of different branches of <span class="html-italic">sstr2</span> gene NJ tree. (<b>C</b>) Comparison of SH trait of different branches of <span class="html-italic">sstr2</span> gene NJ tree. (<b>D</b>) NJ phylogenetic tree of the <span class="html-italic">crfr2</span> gene region. According to the branches of the NJ phylogenetic tree, all individuals were divided into four groups: G1, G2, G3, and G4. (<b>E</b>) Comparison of genotype heatmaps of different branches of <span class="html-italic">crfr2</span> gene NJ tree. (<b>F</b>) Comparison of STW trait of different branches of <span class="html-italic">crfr2</span> gene NJ tree. * indicates <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05, ** indicates <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.01, *** indicates <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.001, **** indicates <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.0001, and ns indicates not significant.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/12/471'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 7 pages, 225 KiB   </span> <a href="/2410-3888/9/12/470/pdf?version=1732588332" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Monitoring and Conservation of Freshwater and Marine Fishes: Synopsis" data-journal="fishes"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Editorial</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2410-3888/9/12/470">Monitoring and Conservation of Freshwater and Marine Fishes: Synopsis</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Robert L. Vadas, Jr.</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Robert M. Hughes</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Fishes</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>9</em>(12), 470; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9120470">https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9120470</a> - 21 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-full inline"> Globally, native migratory and resident fishes are declining from aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem degradation resulting from physicochemical habitat alteration, migration barriers, over-exploitation, hatchery supplementation, non-native species introductions, and the climate crisis [...] <a href="/2410-3888/9/12/470">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/fishes/special_issues/1N7J6D5S01 ">Biomonitoring and Conservation of Freshwater & Marine Fishes</a>)<br/> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 22 pages, 1798 KiB   </span> <a href="/2410-3888/9/11/469/pdf?version=1732505871" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Validation of a Health Characterization Model for Tilapia Farming in a Brazilian Federative Unit" data-journal="fishes"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2410-3888/9/11/469">Validation of a Health Characterization Model for Tilapia Farming in a Brazilian Federative Unit</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Ricardo da Silva Raposo</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Nádia Valesca Biral de Oliveira</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Marina Karina de Veiga Cabral Delphino</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Carlos Augusto Gomes Leal</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Ana Lourdes Arrais de Alencar Mota</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Fabiano José Ferreira de Sant’Ana</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Fishes</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>9</em>(11), 469; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9110469">https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9110469</a> - 20 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Brasília, Distrito Federal, is among the Brazilian cities with the highest number of tilapia farms, with around 660 farms, of which 112 are commercial. The aim of this study was to validate a health characterization model for commercial tilapia production using the production <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/469/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Brasília, Distrito Federal, is among the Brazilian cities with the highest number of tilapia farms, with around 660 farms, of which 112 are commercial. The aim of this study was to validate a health characterization model for commercial tilapia production using the production chain in the Distrito Federal (DF), one of Brazil’s 27 federative units, by applying a semi-structured questionnaire. A total of 112 farms were categorized according to the degree of vulnerability to the introduction of pathogens and the risk of dissemination using two weighted scorecard tables that evaluated 15 items each. After calculating the mean between the two variables, the farms were classified from A (insignificant risk) to D (high risk). Most of the commercial tilapia farms in the Distrito Federal were categorized as B (39; 34.8%) and C (53; 47.3%), representing low and medium risk, respectively. When comparing the different commercial groups, a significant difference (<i>p</i> < 0.05) was observed in the mean scores between closed-system fattening farms and both semi-closed fattening farms and pay-to-fish farms. Closed-system fattening farms, such as those using biofloc, aquaponics, and recirculation aquaculture systems, showed the lowest vulnerability to pathogen entry and the lowest risk of disease spread. The study’s findings provide valuable health information for the official veterinary service of the DF, enabling the categorization of farms, identification of production units, and determination of the most vulnerable strata. Furthermore, the model can be easily applied by private companies and by official veterinary services in other states or countries with significant tilapia production that need to implement risk-based surveillance programs for tilapia farms. <a href="/2410-3888/9/11/469">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/fishes/special_issues/L902LKYH4Y ">Safety Management in Fish Farming: Challenges and Further Trends</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/469/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1525028"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1525028"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1525028" data-cycle-prev="#prev1525028" data-cycle-progressive="#images1525028" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1525028-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00469/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00469-g001-550.jpg?1732506027" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1525028" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1525028-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00469/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00469-g002-550.jpg?1732506031'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1525028-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00469/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00469-g003-550.jpg?1732506032'><p>Figure 3</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1525028-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00469/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00469-g001-550.jpg?1732506027" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Spatial distribution of commercial tilapia farms in the Distrito Federal, according to the purpose of production and the national river basins in the territory of the DF.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/11/469'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00469/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00469-g002-550.jpg?1732506031" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Perception of mortality of the tilapia farmers participating in the study presented by absolute number and percentage.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/11/469'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00469/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00469-g003-550.jpg?1732506032" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Graphical representation of the boxplots of the mean VL, RD, and BL scores of the farms in the 4 strata, separated by color according to the image legend.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/11/469'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <a data-dropdown="drop-supplementary-1523474" aria-controls="drop-supplementary-1523474" aria-expanded="false" title="Supplementary Material"> <i class="material-icons">attachment</i> </a> <div id="drop-supplementary-1523474" class="f-dropdown label__btn__dropdown label__btn__dropdown--wide" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> Supplementary material: <br/> <a href="/2410-3888/9/11/468/s1?version=1731928827"> Supplementary File 1 (ZIP, 1561 KiB) </a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 10 pages, 1933 KiB   </span> <a href="/2410-3888/9/11/468/pdf?version=1732612484" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Integrate Analysis of Eyestalk Proteome and Metabolome in Precocious and Formal Juvenile Female Eriocheir sinensis" data-journal="fishes"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2410-3888/9/11/468">Integrate Analysis of Eyestalk Proteome and Metabolome in Precocious and Formal Juvenile Female <i>Eriocheir sinensis</i></a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Tingshuang Pan</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Min Yang</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Tong Li</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>He Jiang</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Jun Ling</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Fishes</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>9</em>(11), 468; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9110468">https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9110468</a> - 18 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> The Chinese mitten crab (<i>Eriocheir sinensis</i>) is an economically important crustacean. With the development of the <i>E. sisnensis</i> industry, precocity has become a significant challenge in juvenile crab culturing. In this study, the eyestalks of female <i>E. sinensis</i> from precocious (PE) <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/468/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> The Chinese mitten crab (<i>Eriocheir sinensis</i>) is an economically important crustacean. With the development of the <i>E. sisnensis</i> industry, precocity has become a significant challenge in juvenile crab culturing. In this study, the eyestalks of female <i>E. sinensis</i> from precocious (PE) and normal juvenile (NE) groups were used for proteome and metabolome analyses. In total, 731 up-regulated and 657 down-regulated differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in the PE and NE groups. In addition, 110 differentially expressed metabolites (DMs) were up-regulated and 256 were down-regulated in the PE group. An integrated analysis showed 5667 significant correlations between the metabolites and proteins and 109 common pathways in the proteome and metabolome. The proteins were mostly associated with the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, longevity regulation, autophagy, and the pyrimidine and purine metabolism pathways. The metabolites were primarily enriched in amino acid and lipid metabolisms. These results demonstrated the differences in the PE and NE groups at two omics levels and will be useful for the <i>E. sinensis</i> industry. <a href="/2410-3888/9/11/468">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/fishes/special_issues/9KMHZ40B3A ">Interactions between Fish and Pathogens in Aquaculture—2nd Edition</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/468/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1523474"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1523474"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1523474" data-cycle-prev="#prev1523474" data-cycle-progressive="#images1523474" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1523474-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00468/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00468-g001-550.jpg?1732612699" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1523474" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1523474-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00468/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00468-g002-550.jpg?1732612700'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1523474-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00468/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00468-g003-550.jpg?1732612701'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1523474-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00468/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00468-g004-550.jpg?1732612702'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1523474-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00468/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00468-g005-550.jpg?1732612703'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1523474-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00468/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00468-g006-550.jpg?1732612704'><p>Figure 6</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1523474-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00468/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00468-g001-550.jpg?1732612699" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Principle component analysis of proteome abundance in the precocious and normal juvenile groups. Green plot (PE) indicates the precocious Chinese mitten crab; blue plot (NE) indicates the normal juvenile Chinese mitten crab.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/11/468'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00468/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00468-g002-550.jpg?1732612700" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Gene ontology terms for DEPs between the precocious group and the normal juvenile group.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/11/468'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00468/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00468-g003-550.jpg?1732612701" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Top 30 KEGG pathways of DEPs.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/11/468'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00468/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00468-g004-550.jpg?1732612702" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>Orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS-DA) score plots for precocious (blue) and normal juvenile (red) groups.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/11/468'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00468/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00468-g005-550.jpg?1732612703" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>Volcano plots of DMs for the precocious group and normal juvenile group. The <span class="html-italic">x</span>-axis and <span class="html-italic">y</span>-axis represent fold change and −log10(<span class="html-italic">p</span>-value), respectively. In the volcano plot, red dots, blue dots, tawny dots, and grey dots represent significant up-regulated, significant down-regulated, non-significant different metabolites, and fitered metabolites, respectively.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/11/468'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00468/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00468-g006-550.jpg?1732612704" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>KEGG enrichment analysis of different metabolites in the precocious group and normal juvenile group.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/11/468'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 15 pages, 474 KiB   </span> <a href="/2410-3888/9/11/467/pdf?version=1732238554" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Effects of Carnosine Addition in Low-Fishmeal Feed on the Growth Performance, Muscle Antioxidant Capacity and Flesh Quality of Orange-Spotted Grouper (Epinephelus coioides)" data-journal="fishes"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2410-3888/9/11/467">Effects of Carnosine Addition in Low-Fishmeal Feed on the Growth Performance, Muscle Antioxidant Capacity and Flesh Quality of Orange-Spotted Grouper (<i>Epinephelus coioides</i>)</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Dong Li</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Weijun Chen</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Yanxia Yin</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Lulu Yang</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Mingfan Chen</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Yunzhang Sun</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Jidan Ye</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Fishes</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>9</em>(11), 467; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9110467">https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9110467</a> - 18 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Carnosine is a natural dipeptide made up of L-histidine and β-alanine which is rich in muscle tissues and has multiple physiological functions. The current research aimed to investigate the effects of varied carnosine concentrations in low-fishmeal feed on the growth, muscle antioxidant capacity <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/467/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Carnosine is a natural dipeptide made up of L-histidine and β-alanine which is rich in muscle tissues and has multiple physiological functions. The current research aimed to investigate the effects of varied carnosine concentrations in low-fishmeal feed on the growth, muscle antioxidant capacity and flesh quality of orange-spotted grouper. Carnosine was supplemented at doses of 0, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160, and 320 mg/kg in low-fishmeal feed. Seven groups with three tanks of fish (11.4 ± 0.1 g/fish) were allotted one of the diets during the 8-week feeding trial. The growth rate, body protein content, muscle activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase, and muscle adhesiveness showed positive linear response and/or an open upward parabola with increasing carnosine concentrations, with a peak at 160 mg/kg of carnosine. Feed utilization, serum total protein content, gut trypsin activity, muscle glutathione peroxidase, total antioxidant capacity, muscle hardness, gumminess, chewiness and resilience followed the same pattern as the growth rate, reaching a peak at 320 mg/kg of carnosine; while the opposite trend was observed, reaching a minimum at 320 mg/kg for muscle malondialdehyde and 160 mg/kg for muscle liquid and water loss. The results indicated that appropriate carnosine addition could improve growth performance, muscle antioxidant capacity and flesh quality of grouper. The suitable inclusion concentration was estimated to be 195.14 mg/kg to achieve the best percent weight gain. <a href="/2410-3888/9/11/467">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/fishes/special_issues/H4104YZE15 ">Growth, Metabolism, and Flesh Quality in Aquaculture Nutrition</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/467/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1523240"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1523240"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1523240" data-cycle-prev="#prev1523240" data-cycle-progressive="#images1523240" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1523240-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00467/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00467-ag-550.jpg?1732238812" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Graphical abstract</p></div><script id="images1523240" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1523240-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00467/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00467-g001-550.jpg?1732238812'><p>Figure 1</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1523240-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00467/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00467-ag-550.jpg?1732238812" title=" <strong>Graphical abstract</strong><br/><strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/11/467'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00467/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00467-g001-550.jpg?1732238812" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>The relationship between the percent weight gain of orange-spotted grouper and dietary carnosine inclusion concentrations.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/11/467'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 16 pages, 1251 KiB   </span> <a href="/2410-3888/9/11/466/pdf?version=1731994127" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Effects of Dietary Protein and Lipid Levels on the Growth Performance and Serum Biochemical Indices of Juvenile Furong Crucian Carp" data-journal="fishes"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2410-3888/9/11/466">Effects of Dietary Protein and Lipid Levels on the Growth Performance and Serum Biochemical Indices of Juvenile Furong Crucian Carp</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Zhigang He</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Xing Tian</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Jinlong Li</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Jiarong Guo</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Xiaofei Cheng</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Dongwu Wang</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Fishes</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>9</em>(11), 466; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9110466">https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9110466</a> - 16 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> The impact of dietary protein and lipid levels on the growth performance, feed utilization, and serum biochemical indices of Furong crucian carp was examined. Five hundred and forty carp (2.35 ± 0.08 g) were randomly assigned to nine groups and fed diets with <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/466/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> The impact of dietary protein and lipid levels on the growth performance, feed utilization, and serum biochemical indices of Furong crucian carp was examined. Five hundred and forty carp (2.35 ± 0.08 g) were randomly assigned to nine groups and fed diets with three different protein levels (30.0, 35.0, and 40.0%) and three different lipid levels (4.0, 7.0, and 10.0%) for 60 days. The current findings revealed that the interaction effect between dietary lipid and protein levels exhibited significance for the final average weight (FAW), weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), feed efficiency (FE), energy deposition rate (EDR), whole-fish energy, ash, and fat content (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Specifically, there was a significant reduction in FAW, WGR, and SGR with increasing dietary fat supplementation. Conversely, FE, EDR, and protein efficiency ratios were significantly decreased with increasing dietary protein levels (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Furthermore, serum albumin and globulin levels exhibited significant increases in response to dietary lipid inclusion (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The findings collectively indicate that Furong crucian carp fed a diet comprising 4% lipid and 30% protein exhibited the optimal growth and feed utilization. Conversely, excessive protein and lipid supplementation were detrimental to growth and resulted in the aggravation of metabolic disorders. <a href="/2410-3888/9/11/466">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/fishes/special_issues/4UOE814U11 ">Development of Low-Crop, Low-Fishmeal or Low-Fish Oil Feeds for Aquaculture</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/466/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1522478"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1522478"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1522478" data-cycle-prev="#prev1522478" data-cycle-progressive="#images1522478" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1522478-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00466/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00466-ag-550.jpg?1731994196" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Graphical abstract</p></div><script id="images1522478" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1522478-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00466/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00466-g001-550.jpg?1731994195'><p>Figure 1</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1522478-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00466/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00466-ag-550.jpg?1731994196" title=" <strong>Graphical abstract</strong><br/><strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/11/466'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00466/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00466-g001-550.jpg?1731994195" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Potential regulatory patterns in Furong crucian carp. (<b>A</b>) Correlation analysis based on the Spearman coefficient was used for the interactions between the module eigengenes extracted from the matrix of the main and interaction effects of dietary lipid and protein inclusion levels and the secondary module eigenvectors extracted from the phenotype matrix. The presence of ‘*, **, ***’ indicated the significant difference level at 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001, respectively. The different size of diamond represented that the number of significant pairwise comparison in each row of the heat map. The arrow stated that at least one significant pairwise comparison was observed in the corresponding row; (<b>B</b>) structural equation model. The structural equation model explains as much variance as possible in the variables in the model while understanding the covariance between the variables.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/11/466'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 20 pages, 3992 KiB   </span> <a href="/2410-3888/9/11/465/pdf?version=1731928212" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Length–Weight Relationship and Spatiotemporal Distribution Pattern of Three Schizothoracinae Fishes Along the Nujiang River in the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, China" data-journal="fishes"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2410-3888/9/11/465">Length–Weight Relationship and Spatiotemporal Distribution Pattern of Three Schizothoracinae Fishes Along the Nujiang River in the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, China</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Mingdian Liu</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Weitong Xu</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Fengyue Zhu</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Xinbin Duan</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Shaoping Liu</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Daqing Chen</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Fishes</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>9</em>(11), 465; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9110465">https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9110465</a> - 15 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> The Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) is a unique ecological area that has faced issues like diminishing ecosystem stability and increasing pressures on resources and the environment. These issues have arisen as a result of the combined impact of global warming and human activities in <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/465/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> The Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) is a unique ecological area that has faced issues like diminishing ecosystem stability and increasing pressures on resources and the environment. These issues have arisen as a result of the combined impact of global warming and human activities in recent times. The study of the growth and distribution patterns of schizothoracinae fishes can support guiding policy decisions about the conservation of aquatic species and ecological habitats in the QTP. The investigation on fish resources was carried out in the QTP section of the Nujiang River during the spring and autumn seasons of 2017, 2018, and 2019. A total of seven sampling sites were established based on variations in elevation. According to length–weight relationship (LWR) analysis, <i>Schizothorax nukiangensis</i> mainly displayed a negative allometric growth while <i>Ptychobarbus kaznakovi</i> and <i>Schizopygopsis thermalis</i> mainly showed near isometric growth or positive allometric growth in the QTP section of the Nujiang River. Due to temperature and food abundance, the three schizothoracinae fishes showed better growth performance in autumn than spring. Spatial heterogeneity exhibited a greater influence on the LWR of <i>S. nukiangensis</i> and <i>P. kaznakovi</i> than seasonal variation. In contrast, seasonal variation on <i>S. thermalis</i> showed greater influence than spatial heterogeneity. According to the linear mixed effect model (LMM), both spatial factors and seasons had influence on fish growth in the QTP. <i>Schizothorax nukiangensis</i> was identified as the predominant species from CWL to BS, spanning an altitude range of 1800 to 2700 m. <i>Ptychobarbus kaznakovi</i> was identified as the main species at LL, BB, and BR, occupying an altitude range of 2700 to 3800 m. <i>Schizopygopsis thermalis</i> is primarily distributed at altitudes beyond 4000 m and along the tributary river Yuqu. Principal coordinates analysis (PCOA) and nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) divided schizothoracinae fish populations into three clusters by spatial differences. Redundancy analysis (RDA) and Monte Carlo Permutation analysis revealed that habitat elevation and water temperature had a significant impact on schizothoracinae fish distribution. This article enhances our understanding of the distribution and environmental adaptation of indigenous fish in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. <a href="/2410-3888/9/11/465">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/fishes/special_issues/1TKZAPD1L7 ">Adaptation and Response of Fish to Environmental Changes</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/465/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1521996"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1521996"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1521996" data-cycle-prev="#prev1521996" data-cycle-progressive="#images1521996" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1521996-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00465/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00465-g001-550.jpg?1731928398" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1521996" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1521996-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00465/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00465-g002-550.jpg?1731928399'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1521996-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00465/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00465-g003-550.jpg?1731928400'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1521996-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00465/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00465-g004-550.jpg?1731928401'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1521996-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00465/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00465-g005-550.jpg?1731928402'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1521996-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00465/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00465-g006-550.jpg?1731928403'><p>Figure 6</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1521996-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00465/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00465-g007-550.jpg?1731928405'><p>Figure 7</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='7' data-target='article-1521996-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00465/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00465-g008-550.jpg?1731928406'><p>Figure 8</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='8' data-target='article-1521996-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00465/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00465-g009-550.jpg?1731928407'><p>Figure 9</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1521996-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00465/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00465-g001-550.jpg?1731928398" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Nujiang River and distribution of sampling sites.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/11/465'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00465/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00465-g002-550.jpg?1731928399" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Parameter <span class="html-italic">a</span> (<b>A</b>) and parameter <span class="html-italic">b</span> (<b>B</b>) in the length–weight relationships of three schizothoracinae fishes in different sampling sites and different seasons. Spr is the abbreviation of the season of spring. Aut is the abbreviation of the season of autumn.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/11/465'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00465/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00465-g003-550.jpg?1731928400" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Fitting curves of the length–weight relationships of <span class="html-italic">S. nukiangensis</span> (<b>A</b>), <span class="html-italic">P. kaznakovi</span> (<b>B</b>), and <span class="html-italic">S. thermalis</span> (<b>C</b>) in different sampling sites.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/11/465'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00465/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00465-g004-550.jpg?1731928401" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>Amount (<b>A</b>), biomass (<b>B</b>), and cumulative proportion of three schizothoracine fishes at each sampling site along the Nujiang River in the QTP.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/11/465'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00465/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00465-g005-550.jpg?1731928402" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>Cluster analysis based on the Bray–Curtis similarity and heatmap of three schizothoracine fishes amount at each sampling site along the Nujiang River in the QTP.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/11/465'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00465/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00465-g006-550.jpg?1731928403" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>Cluster analysis based on the Bray–Curtis similarity and heatmap of three schizothoracine fishes biomasses at each sampling station along the Nujiang River in the QTP.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/11/465'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00465/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00465-g007-550.jpg?1731928405" title=" <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/> <p>PCOA based on three schizothoracine fishes amount (<b>A</b>) and biomass (<b>B</b>) at each sampling site.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/11/465'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00465/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00465-g008-550.jpg?1731928406" title=" <strong>Figure 8</strong><br/> <p>NMDS based on the Bray–Curtis similarity of three schizothoracine fishes amount (<b>A</b>) and biomass (<b>B</b>) at each sampling station.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/11/465'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00465/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00465-g009-550.jpg?1731928407" title=" <strong>Figure 9</strong><br/> <p>Relativity of fish community amount (<b>A</b>) and biomass (<b>B</b>) and environmental factors analyzed by RDA at each sampling site.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/11/465'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 22 pages, 9352 KiB   </span> <a href="/2410-3888/9/11/464/pdf?version=1732593559" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Research on the Separation Technology of Kelp and Shellfish Box Based on Shellfish–Kelp Mixed Culture Mode" data-journal="fishes"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2410-3888/9/11/464">Research on the Separation Technology of Kelp and Shellfish Box Based on Shellfish–Kelp Mixed Culture Mode</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Yanan Wang</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Zehao Zha</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Xian Wang</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Yipeng Cui</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Xinxin Wang</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Duanyang Geng</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Hua Zhou</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Tongfei Sheng</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Fishes</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>9</em>(11), 464; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9110464">https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9110464</a> - 15 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Aiming at the problem of floating shellfish boxes interfering with kelp harvesting when mechanized kelp harvesting is based on shellfish–kelp mixed culture mode, this paper combines the structural characteristics of the shellfish box itself, designs the kelp harvesting unit test bench and develops <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/464/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Aiming at the problem of floating shellfish boxes interfering with kelp harvesting when mechanized kelp harvesting is based on shellfish–kelp mixed culture mode, this paper combines the structural characteristics of the shellfish box itself, designs the kelp harvesting unit test bench and develops a shellfish box separator device. The key factors affecting the box separator’s separation effect were derived through the theoretical analysis. The process of separation of a shellfish box by the box separator is simulated and optimized under the derived boundary conditions. The single-factor test for the separating effect of the box separator was conducted with ADAMS kinematics simulation software. The test showed the optimal utility intervals for the key factors under consideration. Further orthogonal tests were conducted for the three key factors, which were ranked in descending order of importance as box separator separation angle <i>θ</i>, box separator taper angle <i>β</i> and box separator placement depth <i>h</i>. The optimal parameter combination is the box separator separation angle of 31.9°, the box separator taper angle of 30° and the box separator placement depth of 550 mm. Verification experiments have shown that both indicators, the farthest horizontal distance of the shellfish box and the angle of the shellfish box deviating from the box separator, meet the actual production requirements. In summary, the separator can effectively separate the shellfish box from the kelp, and the device is simple in design, quick in operation, and accomplished separation without disturbing shellfish. This study can provide a theoretical basis for the separation technology of kelp and shellfish box under shellfish–kelp mixed culture mode. <a href="/2410-3888/9/11/464">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/fishes/special_issues/932R186O0U ">New Technologies for Improving Fisheries and Aquaculture Production and Management</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/464/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1521977"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1521977"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1521977" data-cycle-prev="#prev1521977" data-cycle-progressive="#images1521977" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1521977-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00464/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00464-g001-550.jpg?1732593689" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1521977" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1521977-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00464/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00464-g002-550.jpg?1732593690'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1521977-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00464/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00464-g003-550.jpg?1732593691'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1521977-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00464/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00464-g004-550.jpg?1732593692'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1521977-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00464/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00464-g005-550.jpg?1732593693'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1521977-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00464/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00464-g006-550.jpg?1732593694'><p>Figure 6</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1521977-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00464/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00464-g007-550.jpg?1732593695'><p>Figure 7</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='7' data-target='article-1521977-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00464/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00464-g008-550.jpg?1732593695'><p>Figure 8</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='8' data-target='article-1521977-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00464/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00464-g009-550.jpg?1732593696'><p>Figure 9</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='9' data-target='article-1521977-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00464/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00464-g010-550.jpg?1732593697'><p>Figure 10</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='10' data-target='article-1521977-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00464/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00464-g011-550.jpg?1732593698'><p>Figure 11</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='11' data-target='article-1521977-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00464/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00464-g012-550.jpg?1732593699'><p>Figure 12</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='12' data-target='article-1521977-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00464/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00464-g013-550.jpg?1732593700'><p>Figure 13</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='13' data-target='article-1521977-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00464/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00464-g014-550.jpg?1732593701'><p>Figure 14</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='14' data-target='article-1521977-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00464/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00464-g015-550.jpg?1732593702'><p>Figure 15</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='15' data-target='article-1521977-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00464/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00464-g016-550.jpg?1732593703'><p>Figure 16</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='16' data-target='article-1521977-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00464/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00464-g017-550.jpg?1732593704'><p>Figure 17</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='17' data-target='article-1521977-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00464/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00464-g018-550.jpg?1732593705'><p>Figure 18</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='18' data-target='article-1521977-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00464/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00464-g019-550.jpg?1732593706'><p>Figure 19</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1521977-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00464/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00464-g001-550.jpg?1732593689" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Shellfish–kelp mixed culture mode.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/11/464'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00464/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00464-g002-550.jpg?1732593690" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Kelp harvesting unit test bench.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/11/464'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00464/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00464-g003-550.jpg?1732593691" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Box separator structure.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/11/464'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00464/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00464-g004-550.jpg?1732593692" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>Determination of separator location.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/11/464'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00464/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00464-g005-550.jpg?1732593693" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>Horizontal position range of the box separator.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/11/464'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00464/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00464-g006-550.jpg?1732593694" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>Determination of the taper of the box separator.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/11/464'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00464/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00464-g007-550.jpg?1732593695" title=" <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/> <p>Force analysis on shellfish box in terms of equilibrium.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/11/464'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00464/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00464-g008-550.jpg?1732593695" title=" <strong>Figure 8</strong><br/> <p>Force analysis of the shellfish box’s movement.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/11/464'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00464/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00464-g009-550.jpg?1732593696" title=" <strong>Figure 9</strong><br/> <p>Velocity analysis of shellfish box in movement.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/11/464'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00464/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00464-g010-550.jpg?1732593697" title=" <strong>Figure 10</strong><br/> <p>Rope limiter.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/11/464'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00464/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00464-g011-550.jpg?1732593698" title=" <strong>Figure 11</strong><br/> <p>Determination of the diameter of the ellipsoidal hanging rope-splitter.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/11/464'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00464/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00464-g012-550.jpg?1732593699" title=" <strong>Figure 12</strong><br/> <p>Determination of evaluation indicators.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/11/464'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00464/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00464-g013-550.jpg?1732593700" title=" <strong>Figure 13</strong><br/> <p>The simulation process.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/11/464'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00464/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00464-g014-550.jpg?1732593701" title=" <strong>Figure 14</strong><br/> <p>Effect of separation angle <span class="html-italic">θ</span>.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/11/464'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00464/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00464-g015-550.jpg?1732593702" title=" <strong>Figure 15</strong><br/> <p>Effect of taper angle β.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/11/464'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00464/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00464-g016-550.jpg?1732593703" title=" <strong>Figure 16</strong><br/> <p>Effect of placement depth <span class="html-italic">h</span>.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/11/464'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00464/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00464-g017-550.jpg?1732593704" title=" <strong>Figure 17</strong><br/> <p>3D response surface plots for <span class="html-italic">Z</span>.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/11/464'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00464/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00464-g018-550.jpg?1732593705" title=" <strong>Figure 18</strong><br/> <p>Sea trials.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/11/464'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00464/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00464-g019-550.jpg?1732593706" title=" <strong>Figure 19</strong><br/> <p>Experimental results.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/11/464'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <a data-dropdown="drop-supplementary-1521889" aria-controls="drop-supplementary-1521889" aria-expanded="false" title="Supplementary Material"> <i class="material-icons">attachment</i> </a> <div id="drop-supplementary-1521889" class="f-dropdown label__btn__dropdown label__btn__dropdown--wide" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> Supplementary material: <br/> <a href="/2410-3888/9/11/463/s1?version=1731678342"> Supplementary File 1 (ZIP, 102 KiB) </a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 13 pages, 1884 KiB   </span> <a href="/2410-3888/9/11/463/pdf?version=1732090500" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Changes in Physiological Homeostasis in the Gills of Litopenaeus vannamei Under Carbonate Alkalinity Stress and Recovery Conditions" data-journal="fishes"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2410-3888/9/11/463">Changes in Physiological Homeostasis in the Gills of <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i> Under Carbonate Alkalinity Stress and Recovery Conditions</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Meng Xiao</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Yuxiu Nan</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Yukai Yang</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Hua Li</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Yafei Duan</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Fishes</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>9</em>(11), 463; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9110463">https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9110463</a> - 15 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Carbonate alkalinity (CA) is the major toxic factor that interferes with the survival and growth of shrimp in saline–alkaline water. Gills are the main entry organ for CA toxicity in shrimp. In this study, low-salinity cultured <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i> were exposed to 5 mmol/L <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/463/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Carbonate alkalinity (CA) is the major toxic factor that interferes with the survival and growth of shrimp in saline–alkaline water. Gills are the main entry organ for CA toxicity in shrimp. In this study, low-salinity cultured <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i> were exposed to 5 mmol/L CA stress for 7 days and then recovered for 7 days to explore the physiological changes in the gills under CA stress and recovery conditions at multiple biological levels. The results showed that CA stress increased the activities of antioxidative biochemical indexes (T-AOC, T-SOD, and POD) and the relative expression levels of <i>romo1</i>, <i>nrf2</i>, and <i>gpx</i> genes, while it decreased the relative expression levels of the <i>sod</i> and <i>hsp70</i> genes. In addition, CA stress also increased the relative expression levels of genes involved in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress (<i>bip</i>, <i>ire1</i>, and <i>xbp1</i>), immunity (<i>alf</i>, <i>crus</i>, <i>pen-3</i> and <i>propo</i>), apoptosis (<i>casp-3</i>), detoxification metabolism (<i>cyp450</i> and <i>gst</i>), and osmotic adjustment (<i>ca</i>, <i>nka-α</i>, <i>nka-β</i>, <i>vatp</i>, <i>nhe</i>, <i>clc</i>, <i>aqp</i>, <i>tip4</i>, and <i>ccp</i>). Although changes in some of the physiological indexes were reversed after the CA stress was relieved, they still could not effectively recover to the control level. These results reveal that CA stress has a negative impact on physiological homeostasis in the shrimp gills by inducing oxidation and ER stress and by interfering with immunity, apoptosis, detoxification, and osmotic adjustment. <a href="/2410-3888/9/11/463">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/fishes/special_issues/HS0CY2TW16 ">Physiological Response Mechanisms of Aquatic Animals to Stress</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/463/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1521889"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1521889"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1521889" data-cycle-prev="#prev1521889" data-cycle-progressive="#images1521889" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1521889-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00463/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00463-g001-550.jpg?1732090700" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1521889" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1521889-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00463/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00463-g002-550.jpg?1732090702'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1521889-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00463/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00463-g003-550.jpg?1732090704'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1521889-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00463/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00463-g004-550.jpg?1732090706'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1521889-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00463/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00463-g005-550.jpg?1732090707'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1521889-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00463/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00463-g006-550.jpg?1732090709'><p>Figure 6</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1521889-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00463/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00463-g007-550.jpg?1732090711'><p>Figure 7</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='7' data-target='article-1521889-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00463/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00463-g008-550.jpg?1732090713'><p>Figure 8</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1521889-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00463/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00463-g001-550.jpg?1732090700" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Changes in oxidative stress biochemistry indexes in the gills of <span class="html-italic">L. vannamei</span> after CA stress and recovery. (<b>A</b>) T-AOC activity; (<b>B</b>) T-SOD activity; (<b>C</b>) CAT activity; (<b>D</b>) POD activity. Different letters above the bars indicate significant differences (<span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05) between the different groups.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/11/463'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00463/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00463-g002-550.jpg?1732090702" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Changes in the relative mRNA expression levels of antioxidant-related genes in the gills of <span class="html-italic">L. vannamei</span> after CA stress and recovery. Different letters above the bars indicate significant differences (<span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05) between the different groups.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/11/463'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00463/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00463-g003-550.jpg?1732090704" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Changes in the relative mRNA expression levels of ER stress-related genes in the gills of <span class="html-italic">L. vannamei</span> after CA stress and recovery. Different letters above the bars indicate significant differences (<span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05) between the different groups.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/11/463'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00463/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00463-g004-550.jpg?1732090706" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>Changes in the relative mRNA expression levels of immune-related genes in the gills of <span class="html-italic">L. vannamei</span> after CA stress and recovery. Different letters above the bars indicate significant differences (<span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05) between the different groups.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/11/463'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00463/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00463-g005-550.jpg?1732090707" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>Changes in the relative mRNA expression levels of apoptosis-related genes in the gills of <span class="html-italic">L. vannamei</span> after CA stress and recovery. Different letters above the bars indicate significant differences (<span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05) between the different groups.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/11/463'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00463/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00463-g006-550.jpg?1732090709" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>Changes in the relative mRNA expression levels of detoxification-related genes in the gills of <span class="html-italic">L. vannamei</span> after CA stress and recovery. Different letters above the bars indicate significant differences (<span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05) between the different groups.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/11/463'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00463/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00463-g007-550.jpg?1732090711" title=" <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/> <p>Changes in the relative mRNA expression levels of osmoregulation-related enzyme genes in the gills of <span class="html-italic">L. vannamei</span> after CA stress and recovery. Different letters above the bars indicate significant differences (<span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05) between the different groups.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/11/463'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fishes/fishes-09-00463/article_deploy/html/images/fishes-09-00463-g008-550.jpg?1732090713" title=" <strong>Figure 8</strong><br/> <p>Changes in the relative mRNA expression levels of osmotic-adjustment-related proteins in the gills of <span class="html-italic">L. vannamei</span> after CA stress and recovery. Different letters above the bars indicate significant differences (<span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05) between the different groups.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-3888/9/11/463'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item last-item"> <a class="bold" href="/search?q=&journal=fishes&sort=pubdate&page_count=50">More Articles...</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="left-column" class="content__column large-3 large-pull-6 medium-3 medium-pull-6 small-12 columns"> <div id="js-large-main-top-container"> <div id="js-main-top-container" class="content__container"> <a href="/journal/fishes"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/fishes-logo.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="fishes-logo" title="Fishes" style="max-height: 60px; margin: 0 0 0 0;"> </a> <div class="generic-item no-border" style="position: relative;"> <div class=""> <a class="button 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Importance of Fish Phenotype in Aquaculture, Fisheries and Conservation </a><span class="text-information color-grey-dark">Topic Editors: Zonghang Zhang, Xiumei Zhang<br/></span><span class="text-information highlight">Deadline: 31 January 2025</span></div> <div class="generic-item"><div><span class="text-information times"> Topic in <span class="text-information italics times">Animals</span>, <span class="text-information italics times">Fishes</span>, <span class="text-information italics times">Veterinary Sciences</span></span></div><a class="title-link bold" href="/topics/D8AD282833"> Application of the 3Rs to Promote the Welfare of Animals Used in Scientific Research and Testing </a><span class="text-information color-grey-dark">Topic Editors: Johnny Roughan, Laura Calvillo<br/></span><span class="text-information highlight">Deadline: 20 September 2025</span></div> <div class="generic-item"><div><span class="text-information times"> Topic in <span class="text-information italics 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Fishes | An Open Access Journal from MDPI