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however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Maglalang akawnt</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Pamiparakal" title="Agkat da kang mag login, oneng e sapilitan iti. 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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ing_sexual_reproduction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ing sexual reproduction</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ing_sexual_reproduction-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Ing sexual reproduction subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ing_sexual_reproduction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ing_Mitosis_ampo_ing_Meiosis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ing_Mitosis_ampo_ing_Meiosis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Ing Mitosis ampo ing Meiosis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ing_Mitosis_ampo_ing_Meiosis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ing_Mitosis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ing_Mitosis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Ing Mitosis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ing_Mitosis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ing_Meiosis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ing_Meiosis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Ing Meiosis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ing_Meiosis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kaparalanan_king_pamiparakal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kaparalanan_king_pamiparakal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Kaparalanan king pamiparakal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kaparalanan_king_pamiparakal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ing_pamiyaliwa_ning_Asexual_ampong_sexual_reproduction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ing_pamiyaliwa_ning_Asexual_ampong_sexual_reproduction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ing pamiyaliwa ning Asexual ampong sexual reproduction</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ing_pamiyaliwa_ning_Asexual_ampong_sexual_reproduction-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Ing pamiyaliwa ning Asexual ampong sexual reproduction subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ing_pamiyaliwa_ning_Asexual_ampong_sexual_reproduction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ing_Red_Queen_hypothesis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ing_Red_Queen_hypothesis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Ing Red Queen hypothesis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ing_Red_Queen_hypothesis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ing_byeng_e_menibat_king_pamiparakal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ing_byeng_e_menibat_king_pamiparakal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Ing byeng e menibat king pamiparakal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ing_byeng_e_menibat_king_pamiparakal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ing_pamiparakal_da_reng_makina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ing_pamiparakal_da_reng_makina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Ing pamiparakal da reng makina</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ing_pamiparakal_da_reng_makina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lon_la_murin_deti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lon_la_murin_deti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Lon la murin deti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lon_la_murin_deti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deng_pikwanan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deng_pikwanan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Deng pikwanan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deng_pikwanan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Suglung_a_palwal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suglung_a_palwal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Suglung a palwal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suglung_a_palwal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pamiparakal</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 125 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-125" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">125 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voortplanting" title="Voortplanting – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Voortplanting" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortpflanzung" title="Fortpflanzung – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Fortpflanzung" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reproducci%C3%B3n" title="Reproducción – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Reproducción" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%B1" title="تكاثر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تكاثر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%B1" title="تكاثر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تكاثر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A8" title="প্ৰজনন – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="প্ৰজনন" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reproducci%C3%B3n" title="Reproducción – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Reproducción" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C9%99sil_art%C4%B1rma" title="Nəsil artırma – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Nəsil artırma" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A4%D8%B1%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%85%D9%87_(%D8%AA%DA%A9%D8%AB%DB%8C%D8%B1)" title="تؤره‌مه (تکثیر) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="تؤره‌مه (تکثیر)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B5%D2%AF" title="Үрсеү – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Үрсеү" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reproduksyon" title="Reproduksyon – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Reproduksyon" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B6%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Размнажэнне – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Размнажэнне" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B6%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Размнажэньне – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Размнажэньне" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Размножаване – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Размножаване" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A8" title="প্রজনন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্রজনন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Razmno%C5%BEavanje" title="Razmnožavanje – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Razmnožavanje" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reproducci%C3%B3" title="Reproducció – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Reproducció" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Дебар – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Дебар" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B2%DB%8E" title="زاوزێ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زاوزێ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rozmno%C5%BEov%C3%A1n%C3%AD" title="Rozmnožování – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rozmnožování" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atgenhedlu" title="Atgenhedlu – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Atgenhedlu" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formering" title="Formering – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Formering" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortpflanzung" title="Fortpflanzung – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Fortpflanzung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%89%CE%B3%CE%AE" title="Αναπαραγωγή – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αναπαραγωγή" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reproduction" title="Reproduction – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Reproduction" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reproduktado" title="Reproduktado – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Reproduktado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reproducci%C3%B3n" title="Reproducción – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Reproducción" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paljunemine" title="Paljunemine – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Paljunemine" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugalketa" title="Ugalketa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ugalketa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reproducion" title="Reproducion – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Reproducion" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%AB%D9%84" title="تولیدمثل – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تولیدمثل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lis%C3%A4%C3%A4ntyminen" title="Lisääntyminen – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Lisääntyminen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reproduction_(biologie)" title="Reproduction (biologie) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Reproduction (biologie)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuortplanting" title="Fuortplanting – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Fuortplanting" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/At%C3%A1irgeadh" title="Atáirgeadh – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Atáirgeadh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rouprodiksyon_(byoloji)" title="Rouprodiksyon (byoloji) – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Rouprodiksyon (byoloji)" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reproduci%C3%B3n" title="Reprodución – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Reprodución" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%91emo%C3%B1a" title="Ñemoña – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ñemoña" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%99%D7%99%D7%94" title="רבייה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רבייה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A8" title="जनन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जनन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reproduction" title="Reproduction – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Reproduction" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reprodukcija" title="Reprodukcija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Reprodukcija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repwodiksyon" title="Repwodiksyon – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Repwodiksyon" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szaporod%C3%A1s" title="Szaporodás – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szaporodás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%B4%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Բազմացում – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բազմացում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%B4%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Բազմացում – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Բազմացում" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reproduksi" title="Reproduksi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Reproduksi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reproduksion" title="Reproduksion – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Reproduksion" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Дебадалар – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Дебадалар" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genitado" title="Genitado – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Genitado" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86xlun" title="Æxlun – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Æxlun" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riproduzione" title="Riproduzione – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Riproduzione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%AE%96" title="生殖 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="生殖" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riprodokshan" title="Riprodokshan – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Riprodokshan" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9prodhuksi" title="Réprodhuksi – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Réprodhuksi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="გამრავლება – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გამრავლება" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talsuff%C9%A3a" title="Talsuffɣa – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Talsuffɣa" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Njiarano(reproduction)" title="Njiarano(reproduction) – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Njiarano(reproduction)" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%8E" title="Көбею – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Көбею" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%A8" title="ಪ್ರಜನನ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪ್ರಜನನ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EC%8B%9D" title="생식 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="생식" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%91%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83" title="Кёблениу – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Кёблениу" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinythians" title="Dinythians – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Dinythians" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%B1%D3%A9%D0%B9%D2%AF%D2%AF" title="Көбөйүү – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Көбөйүү" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procreatio" title="Procreatio – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Procreatio" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veurtplantjing" title="Veurtplantjing – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Veurtplantjing" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reproduzion" title="Reproduzion – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Reproduzion" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dauginimasis" title="Dauginimasis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Dauginimasis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vairo%C5%A1an%C4%81s" title="Vairošanās – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vairošanās" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%B1%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Тӱлымаш – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Тӱлымаш" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B6%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Размножување – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Размножување" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" title="പ്രത്യുൽപ്പാദനം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പ്രത്യുൽപ്പാദനം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A8" title="प्रजनन – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="प्रजनन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pembiakan" title="Pembiakan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pembiakan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%BD%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%BC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="မျိုးပွားခြင်း – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မျိုးပွားခြင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reproduktschoon" title="Reproduktschoon – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Reproduktschoon" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A8_(%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A8)" title="प्रजनन (पुनरुत्पादन) – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="प्रजनन (पुनरुत्पादन)" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81" title="मचा बुइकिगु – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="मचा बुइकिगु" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voortplanting_(biologie)" title="Voortplanting (biologie) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Voortplanting (biologie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forplanting" title="Forplanting – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Forplanting" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formering" title="Formering – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Formering" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reproduccion" title="Reproduccion – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Reproduccion" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%A8" title="ਪ੍ਰਜਨਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪ੍ਰਜਨਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rozmna%C5%BCanie" title="Rozmnażanie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rozmnażanie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%86" title="جمن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جمن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AF_(%D8%AF_%D8%AE%D9%BE%D9%84_%D9%85%D8%AB%D9%84_%D8%B2%DB%90%DA%96%D9%88%D9%84)" title="بيا توليد (د خپل مثل زېږول) – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="بيا توليد (د خپل مثل زېږول)" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reprodu%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Reprodução – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Reprodução" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miraykuy" title="Miraykuy – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Miraykuy" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reproducere" title="Reproducere – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Reproducere" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Размножение – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Размножение" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Розмножованя – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Розмножованя" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%83%D2%BB%D0%B0%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD" title="Ууһааһын – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Ууһааһын" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B4%D9%8A_%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84" title="پيدائشي عمل – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="پيدائشي عمل" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Razmno%C5%BEavanje" title="Razmnožavanje – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Razmnožavanje" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA" title="ප්‍රජනනය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ප්‍රජනනය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reproduction" title="Reproduction – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Reproduction" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rozmno%C5%BEovanie_(biol%C3%B3gia)" title="Rozmnožovanie (biológia) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Rozmnožovanie (biológia)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Razmno%C5%BEevanje" title="Razmnoževanje – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Razmnoževanje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikarudzi" title="Sikarudzi – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Sikarudzi" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riprodhimi" title="Riprodhimi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Riprodhimi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Репродукција – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Репродукција" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baranahan" title="Baranahan – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Baranahan" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortplantning" title="Fortplantning – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Fortplantning" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uzazi" title="Uzazi – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Uzazi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="இனப்பெருக்கம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இனப்பெருக்கம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/kinbhoyaw" title="kinbhoyaw – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="kinbhoyaw" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BF" title="పునరుత్పత్తి – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పునరుత్పత్తి" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D3%A3" title="Зодоварӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Зодоварӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%8C" title="การสืบพันธุ์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การสืบพันธุ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagpaparami" title="Pagpaparami – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pagpaparami" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Creme" title="Üreme – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Üreme" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D1%80%D1%87%D2%AF" title="Үрчү – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Үрчү" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Розмноження – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Розмноження" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="تولید – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تولید" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%CA%BBpayish" title="Koʻpayish – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Koʻpayish" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reprodusion" title="Reprodusion – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Reprodusion" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinh_s%E1%BA%A3n" title="Sinh sản – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sinh sản" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mopliyaedje_(biyolodjeye)" title="Mopliyaedje (biyolodjeye) – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Mopliyaedje (biyolodjeye)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reproduksyon" title="Reproduksyon – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Reproduksyon" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B9%81%E6%AE%96" title="繁殖 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="繁殖" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AB%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ძინა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ძინა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%A2%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%A2" title="רעפראדוקציע – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="רעפראדוקציע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B9%81%E6%AE%96" title="繁殖 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="繁殖" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Se%E2%81%BF-tho%C3%A0%E2%81%BF" title="Seⁿ-thoàⁿ – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Seⁿ-thoàⁿ" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%AE%96" title="生殖 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="生殖" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11990#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Alilan la reng suglung</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Deng pirinan-lagyu (Namespaces)"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Pamiparakal"><span>Maglalang libru</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Pamiparakal&action=show-download-screen"><span>Lulan palalam anti mung PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pamiparakal&printable=yes" title="Kopia ning bulung a ini a maliaring i-print [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Kopiang malyaring i-print</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Reproduction" 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data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Ibat king Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pam" dir="ltr"><dl><dd><div class="dablink"><i>Para keng aliwang gamit, lawen ye ing <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pamiparakal_(disambiguation)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pamiparakal (disambiguation) (alang bulung a anti kaniti)">Pamiparakal (disambiguation)</a>.</i></div></dd></dl> <p>Ing <b>Pamiparakal</b> o reproduction ing <a href="/wiki/Biologia" title="Biologia">biological</a> a prosesu nung nu mikaka bayung <a href="/w/index.php?title=Organismu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Organismu (alang bulung a anti kaniti)">organismu</a>. Kauryan (characteristic) de ring eganaganang mabi<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bye&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bye (alang bulung a anti kaniti)">bye</a> ing pamiparakal; atyu ing balang indibidwal uli ning pamiparakal. </p><p>Mapipitna la kareng adwang mangaragagul a grupu deng balu tamung paralan ning pamiparakal, deng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_reproduction&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sexual reproduction (alang bulung a anti kaniti)">sexual</a> ampong <a href="/w/index.php?title=Asexual_reproduction&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asexual reproduction (alang bulung a anti kaniti)">asexual reproduction</a>. King asexual reproduction, malyari yang dakal ing metung a indibidwal agyang alang aliwang indibidwal ning species a ita. Metung yang karaniwang alimbawa ning asexual reproduction ing pamipitna ning celula ning bacteria kareng adwang daughter cell. Nanupata, e ya makalimita kareng organismung tunggal celula. </p><p>Ita namang sexual reproduction, mangaylangan yang adwang indibidwal ning species, keraklan metung ning balang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sex (alang bulung a anti kaniti)">sex</a>. Metung yang alimbawa ning sexual reproduction ing normal a pamiparakal da reng tau. Keraklan, sexual ing paralan ning pamiparakal da reng mas komplikadung organismu, kabang asexual reproduction ing gagamitan da reng mas simpling organismu, lalu na retang unicellular. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Asexual_reproduction">Asexual reproduction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pamiparakal&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Mag-edit dake: Asexual reproduction" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>mag-edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pamiparakal&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Asexual reproduction"><span>alilan ya ing pikuwanan</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint"><i>Pun bulung: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ing_asexual_reproduction&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ing asexual reproduction (alang bulung a anti kaniti)">Ing asexual reproduction</a></i></div></dd></dl> <p>Ing asexual reproduction ing prosesung biological nung nu gagawa yang kopya nang kapareu na kauryan a genetic (genetically similar) ing metung a organismu a e kukwang ambag o kontribusyon ibat kng aliwang indibidwal. Keraklan, mapipitna la reng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bacteria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bacteria (alang bulung a anti kaniti)">bacteria</a> king paralan a asexual kapamilata’ning <a href="/w/index.php?title=Binary_fission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Binary fission (alang bulung a anti kaniti)">binary fission</a>; deng namang <a href="/wiki/Virus" title="Virus">virus</a>, sasakupan do reng karelang host cell at gagamitan do reti bang gawang karagdagan a virus; deng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydra_(genus)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hydra (genus) (alang bulung a anti kaniti)">hydra</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Invertebrate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Invertebrate (alang bulung a anti kaniti)">invertebrate</a> ning <a href="/w/index.php?title=Order_(biology)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Order (biology) (alang bulung a anti kaniti)">order</a> <i>Hydroidea</i>) ampong <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yeast&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yeast (alang bulung a anti kaniti)">yeast</a> agyu rang dakal kapamilata’ning <a href="/w/index.php?title=Budding&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Budding (alang bulung a anti kaniti)">budding</a>. E la mikakawani deng sex da rening organismung deti, at agyu rong “hangalan” (split) deng katawan da king adwa o maygit pang dake, at apatubu rong pasibayu deng dake ning karelang katawan. Ating 'asexual' a species, antimo ing <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydra_(genus)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hydra (genus) (alang bulung a anti kaniti)">hydra</a> ampong <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/jellyfish" class="extiw" title="en:jellyfish">jellyfish</a>, a malyaring dakal king sexual a paralan. Alimbawa, agyu rang dakal kapamilata’ning <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vegetative_reproduction&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vegetative reproduction (alang bulung a anti kaniti)">vegetative reproduction</a> deng keraklan kareng tanaman, a e gagamit butul o spore, pero agyu da muring dakal kapamilata’ning sexual reproduction, king <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pollination&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pollination (alang bulung a anti kaniti)">pollination</a>. Makanyan la murin deng bacteria, a malyaring milibe impormasyon a genetic kapamilata’ning [[:en:bacterial conjugation|conjugation]]. Deng aliwang paaralan ning asexual reproduction ila pin deng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fragmentation_Biology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fragmentation Biology (alang bulung a anti kaniti)">fragmentation</a> ampong <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spore_formation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spore formation (alang bulung a anti kaniti)">spore formation</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ing_sexual_reproduction">Ing sexual reproduction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pamiparakal&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Mag-edit dake: Ing sexual reproduction" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>mag-edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pamiparakal&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Ing sexual reproduction"><span>alilan ya ing pikuwanan</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint"><i>Pun bulung: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_reproduction&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sexual reproduction (alang bulung a anti kaniti)">Sexual reproduction</a></i></div></dd></dl> <p>Ing sexual reproduction prosesu yang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Biological&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biological (alang bulung a anti kaniti)">biological</a> nung nu la gagawang supling deng organismu kapamilata’ning pamisamut king materyal a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Genetic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genetic (alang bulung a anti kaniti)">genetic</a> a random a makukwa kareng adwang aliwang kayabe king species. Adwa lang myayaliwang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sex (alang bulung a anti kaniti)">sex</a> deng organismung deti, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lalaki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lalaki (alang bulung a anti kaniti)">lalaki</a> ampong <a href="/w/index.php?title=Babai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Babai (alang bulung a anti kaniti)">babai</a>. Ing balang metung kareti, yang babye king kapitna ning DNA ning bayung organismu, at gagawa yang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Haploid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haploid (alang bulung a anti kaniti)">haploid</a> a gene. Misasanib la reng adwang gamete, ba yang lunto ing metung a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diploid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diploid (alang bulung a anti kaniti)">diploid</a> a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zygote&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zygote (alang bulung a anti kaniti)">zygote</a>. </p><p>Darakal la king paralang sexual deng tau, keraklan kareng <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">animal</a>, ampo reng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanaman_a_manyampaga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tanaman a manyampaga (alang bulung a anti kaniti)">tanaman a manyampaga</a> (flowering plants]]. Kareng mammal, milulupa la reng supling ampo reng karelang matwa, dapot kareng aliwang animal, antimo reng <a href="/wiki/Mariposa" class="mw-redirect" title="Mariposa">mariposa</a> o talubang, maragul la pamiyaliwa reng supling. </p><p>Adwa lang grupu reng gene da reng organismung darakal king sexual a paralan (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Allele&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Allele (alang bulung a anti kaniti)">allele</a> ing aus da kareti) para king balang kauryan (trait). Metung yang allele ing amamana da reng supling king balang pengari para king balang kauryan, anya siguradu lang kumbinasyun da reng gene da reng pengari ding miras kareng supling. Uli na niting pamisamut da reng gene balang dai o henerasyun, mikaka masikan a “selective pressure” (pamamiling maki-direksyun) bang mika mangasanting yang gene ing organismu, at mye ya king kayang paligid. Metung pa, uling atin yang adwang kopya ning balang gene ing organismu, a metung ya mu ing ma-<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gene_expression&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gene expression (alang bulung a anti kaniti)">expressed</a> o lalto, malyari lang mitakpan (masked) deng allele a matsura o makarok (deleterious), metung a bentahing mapalyaring megi nang sangkan nung bakit linto ya kapamilatan ning <a href="/wiki/Evolution" title="Evolution">evolution</a> ing <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diploidy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diploidy (alang bulung a anti kaniti)">diploidy</a>. (Otto and Goldstein). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ing_Mitosis_ampo_ing_Meiosis">Ing Mitosis ampo ing Meiosis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pamiparakal&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Mag-edit dake: Ing Mitosis ampo ing Meiosis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>mag-edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pamiparakal&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Ing Mitosis ampo ing Meiosis"><span>alilan ya ing pikuwanan</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dake no ning <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cell_division&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cell division (alang bulung a anti kaniti)">cell division</a> o pamipitna king cell deng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitosis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mitosis (alang bulung a anti kaniti)">Mitosis</a> ampong <a href="/w/index.php?title=Meiosis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meiosis (alang bulung a anti kaniti)">meiosis</a>. Malilyari ing Mitosis kareng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Somatic_cells&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Somatic cells (alang bulung a anti kaniti)">somatic cells</a>, kabang ing meiosis, karen namang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gametes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gametes (alang bulung a anti kaniti)">gametes</a> mararapat. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ing_Mitosis">Ing Mitosis</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pamiparakal&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Mag-edit dake: Ing Mitosis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>mag-edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pamiparakal&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Ing Mitosis"><span>alilan ya ing pikuwanan</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dobli ne ning orihinal o sadyang bilang da reng cell ing magi rang bilang kaybat nang milyari ning mitosis. Pareu ing bilang da reng chromosome kareng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daughter_cell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daughter cell (alang bulung a anti kaniti)">daughter cell</a> ampo kareng parent cell. </p><p><br clear="all" /> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mitosis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/Mitosis.jpg" decoding="async" width="158" height="142" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="142" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ing_Meiosis">Ing Meiosis</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pamiparakal&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Mag-edit dake: Ing Meiosis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>mag-edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pamiparakal&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Ing Meiosis"><span>alilan ya ing pikuwanan</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Makatapat ya ing bilang da reng cell a magbunga king meiosis ketang sadya rang bilang. Kareng cell a reti, kapitna no mu ning bilang da reng pengaring cell ing bilang da reng supling a cell. Babye yang adwang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Haploid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haploid (alang bulung a anti kaniti)">haploid</a> a cell ing balang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diploid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diploid (alang bulung a anti kaniti)">diploid</a> a cell. Malilyari ini kilub da reng adwang dake, ing meiosis I ampong meiosis II. <br clear="all" /> </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kaparalanan_king_pamiparakal">Kaparalanan king pamiparakal</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pamiparakal&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Mag-edit dake: Kaparalanan king pamiparakal" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>mag-edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pamiparakal&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Kaparalanan king pamiparakal"><span>alilan ya ing pikuwanan</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dakal la’t myayaliwa reng paralan a gagamitan da reng aliwa-aliwang species ba lang dákal. Ating mapilan a animal, antimo ing <a href="/wiki/Tau" title="Tau">tau</a> ampo ing [[Northern Gannet]], a mánaya pamung dakal a banwa bau la miras king edad a malyari lang mika anak, at karas king panaun a ita, ditak la mu maging anak. Den namang aliwa, malagwa lang darakal, oneng keraklan, neng normal a panaun, ditak la mu reng mabibye at miraras king ustung edad. Alimbawa, mikaka 10–30 ya supling kilub ning pabanwa ing kunehu (a malyari nang manganak kaybat ning walung bulan), kabang ing <a href="/w/index.php?title=Drosophila_melanogaster&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Drosophila melanogaster (alang bulung a anti kaniti)">fruit fly</a> (10–labing apat a yaldo) malyari yang mika syam a ralan (900) a supling balang banwa. Ing aus da kareting paralan a reti, <a href="/w/index.php?title=K-selection&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="K-selection (alang bulung a anti kaniti)">K-selection</a> (ditak a supling) ampong [[r- selection]] (dakal a supling). Magdependi kareng myayaliwang kundisyun nung sanung paralan ing papaboran ning <a href="/wiki/Evolution" title="Evolution">evolution</a>. Para kareng animal a ditak mu anak, malyari reng sikaswan masalese at ipamingwa (protektan) ing balang metung kareti, anya e no kaylangang mika dakal a anak. Samantala, deta namang animal a dakal anak, mas ditak ing ibye rang pamanasikasu king balang metung kareti. Kareng animal a reti, mamamate la reng dakal kareng supling da potang bayu-bayu la pamung mibait, dapot ustu la pa murin bilang detang mitagan ba yang manatili itang karelang populasyun. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ing_pamiyaliwa_ning_Asexual_ampong_sexual_reproduction">Ing pamiyaliwa ning Asexual ampong sexual reproduction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pamiparakal&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Mag-edit dake: Ing pamiyaliwa ning Asexual ampong sexual reproduction" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>mag-edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pamiparakal&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Ing pamiyaliwa ning Asexual ampong sexual reproduction"><span>alilan ya ing pikuwanan</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Keraklan, darakal la king paralan a exponential deng organismung darakal kapamilata’ning asexual reproduction. Nanupata, uling mamasa la king mutation ba yang manaliwa ing karelang DNA, miwawangis la keinan (vulnerability o weakness) deng eganaganang kayanib ning species. E ro kalupa deng organismung darakal king paralan a sexual, a mas ditak supling, oneng uling king maragul a pamiyaliwa-liwa (variation) da reng karelang gene, e la gad sasakit anti reng aliwa. </p><p>Dakal la reng organismung darakal king paralan a sexual ampong asexual. Ing alimbawa kareti, deng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aphid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aphid (alang bulung a anti kaniti)">aphid</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Slime_mold&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slime mold (alang bulung a anti kaniti)">slime mold</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sea_anemone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sea anemone (alang bulung a anti kaniti)">sea anemone</a>, at dakal kareng tanaman. Nung pabor karela ing kabilyan ning kapaligiran, magagamit ya ing asexual reproduction, alimbawa nung dakal ing pamangan, atin lang masaleseng tuknangan, masanting ing klima, alang sakit, makapabor ya ing pH, o aliwa pang kombinasyun da reng kaylangan king bye. Uli na niti, darakal la king paralang exponential deng karelang populasyun ba rang samantalanan ing kasaplalan (rich supply) da reng sustansya ampo reng aliwang pamangaylangan. </p><p>Istung megisan no reng pikukwanan pamangan, maging matsura ne ing klima, o mibibili king panganib ing bye ning indibidwal a organismu, mamalis la king kaparalanan ning pamiparakal a sexual deti. Sisiguradwan na ning pamiparakal a sexual a misasamut ya ing gene pool na ning species. Uli na ning pamiyaliwa- liwa (variation) da reng supling, mas bage lang kumabye reng aliwang indibidwal, at iti babye yang pamikatagun a marapat ing selective adaptation. Metung pa, metung nang bunga ning pamiparakal a sexual ing pamanalto ning metung a life stage o panaun ning bye a mas maki resistensyang o kagiwan a kumabye lipat da reng kabilyang mapanganib o peligrosu king bye ning pengaring asexual. Anya pin atilu reng butul (seeds), spore, ebun, pupa, cyst, at aliwa pang panaun ning bye (stage) king pamiparakal a sexual (sexual reproduction) a “over-wintering” (paralan ba lang kumabye alimbawa neng winter o karimlan, nung kapilan masakit ing bye). Paralan la reti bang “manaya’ neng matsura ing sitwasyun/kabilyan o klima, angga king sumanting pasibayu iti. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ing_Red_Queen_hypothesis">Ing Red Queen hypothesis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pamiparakal&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Mag-edit dake: Ing Red Queen hypothesis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>mag-edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pamiparakal&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Ing Red Queen hypothesis"><span>alilan ya ing pikuwanan</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pekakilala ya ing pamiparakal a sexual antimong metung a paralan a babyeng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adaptation_(biology)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adaptation (biology) (alang bulung a anti kaniti)">pamibage</a> king <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kapaligiran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kapaligiran (alang bulung a anti kaniti)">kapaligiran</a> a alang patugut king pamanaliwa, uling iti magdala yang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pamiyaliwang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pamiyaliwang (alang bulung a anti kaniti)">pamiyaliwang</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Phenotypic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phenotypic (alang bulung a anti kaniti)">phenotypic</a> king <a href="/w/index.php?title=Populasyun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Populasyun (alang bulung a anti kaniti)">populasyun</a>. E mu pangkilwal ing pamiyaliwang manibat king pamiparakal a sexual (alimbawa ing pamanalto da reng sagu o pamipekat-pekat da reng taliri) nun e physiological murin iti (makaapektu angga king prosesu ning bye). Agyang king hypothesis a awsan dang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Red_Queen_Hypothesis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Red Queen Hypothesis (alang bulung a anti kaniti)">Red Queen Hypothesis</a>, ing pamiparakal a sexual a magbunga king pamiyaliwa-liwa metung yang an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolutionary_arms_race&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evolutionary arms race (alang bulung a anti kaniti)">evolutionary arms race</a> laban kareng parasitiku anti murin kareng sangkan a pangkapaligiran. Uli ning pamiyaliwang ibat king pamiparakal a sexual, mas magkasákit lang “misane” deng parasitiku king karelang host (itang tutuknangan da), at uli na niti, e la masyadung matalab (less efficient). Nanupata, ing peka ideya ning <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hypothesis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hypothesis (alang bulung a anti kaniti)">hypothesis</a> a ini, alang patugut ing pamag-<a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evolve (alang bulung a anti kaniti)">evolve</a> da reng parasitiku, anya taglus-taglus la muring manaliwa, dapot anti la mong e mamalis pusisyun king metung at metung. Mamalis la king pamiparakal a sexual deng organismung makapamili king sexual at asexual reproduction neng darakal lang masyadu king metung a populasyun deng pathogen o organismung magdalang sakit. <sup><a href="#references">3</a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ing_byeng_e_menibat_king_pamiparakal">Ing byeng e menibat king pamiparakal</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pamiparakal&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Mag-edit dake: Ing byeng e menibat king pamiparakal" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>mag-edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pamiparakal&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Ing byeng e menibat king pamiparakal"><span>alilan ya ing pikuwanan</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dakal a pamibule-bule o pamanisip (speculation) tungkul king tema ning byeng e menibat king pamiparakal da reng mabibye (life without reproduction). Nanupata, e ustung palage itang sasabyan dang uling misuglung-suglung o mikakamaganak la reng eganaganang mabye king yatu, mika panaun kanitang milabas a maki metung a indibidwal a yang pipumpunan da reng eganaganang organismu. Agpang kaniting palageng iti, ala yang reproductive origin o e ibat king aliwang mabibye ing indibidwal a iti. Nanupata, ing tutu, deng populasyun ning species ila pin deng darakal, at e mu kabud ing metung a indibidwal ing magdilidiling pipumpunan ning metung a species a dínalan king evolution. Ating e tutuki kaniti (exceptions), alimbawa deng “sport” (mutation) a paparakalan da king paralan a vegetative (asexual), dapot lalto la pa murin deti kapamilatan ning pamiparakal o reproduction da reng mabibye. </p><p>Ngening panaun tamu, isipan da pa murin deng siyentipiku nung malyaring maglalang king bye king paralang non-reproductive (itang e magdependi king pamiparakal da reng aliwang mabibye) king laboratoryu. Atin nang metung a grupu da reng siyentipikung mekapaglalang virus a purus ibat kareng materyal a e mabye. Mas masákit a e mu nanu kesa kaniti ing pamangawa king organismung tutung mabibye, alimbawa ing simpling bacterium, a yalang bitasang pipumpunan. </p><p>Katatawlyan, metung yang kapaniwalan da reng dakal a relihyun ing byeng e menibat king pamiparakal da reng mabibye <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creation_myths" class="extiw" title="en:Creation myths">Creation myths</a>. Alimbawa, i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adan (alang bulung a anti kaniti)">Adan</a> king <a href="/w/index.php?title=Biblia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biblia (alang bulung a anti kaniti)">Biblia</a>, lelangan ne ning Dios, at ala yang pipumpunan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ing_pamiparakal_da_reng_makina">Ing pamiparakal da reng makina</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pamiparakal&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Mag-edit dake: Ing pamiparakal da reng makina" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>mag-edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pamiparakal&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Ing pamiparakal da reng makina"><span>alilan ya ing pikuwanan</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Metung yang manimunang pakikwanan ning larangan da reng robot ing makagawang makinang magparakal dili ra (self-replicating machines). Uling miwangis-wangis la kauryan (features) deng eganaganang robot (ngening panaun tamu), malyari tamung sabyang deng makatuki ilang kaylangan nang gawan ning metung a robot (o grupu da reng robot) a magparakal dili na: </p> <ul><li>Mangalap kareng gamit a kaylangan</li> <li>Gawang bayung pyesa</li> <li>Munyeng pikukwanan enerhiya</li> <li>I-program la reng bayung makina o robot</li></ul> <p>E ra pa murin agagawa ing anti kaniti angga ngeni. </p><p>King lebel a <a href="/wiki/Nanotechnology" title="Nanotechnology">nanotechnical</a>, malyari la muring iplanu deng nanomachine ba lang dákal dili ra. Ini ing penibatan ning teoryang "[[:en:gray goo]]" ning Armageddon, a yang tema da reng nobelang science fiction antimo ing <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloom_(novel)" class="extiw" title="en:Bloom (novel)">Bloom</a></i> ampo ing <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prey_(novel)" class="extiw" title="en:Prey (novel)">Prey</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lon_la_murin_deti">Lon la murin deti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pamiparakal&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Mag-edit dake: Lon la murin deti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>mag-edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pamiparakal&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Lon la murin deti"><span>alilan ya ing pikuwanan</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lottery_principle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lottery principle (alang bulung a anti kaniti)">Lottery principle</a> -- Ing ideyang paralan ne ning pamakibage (adaptive) ing</li></ul> <p>pamiparakal a sexual uling panibatan ne ning pamiyaliwa-liwa. </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parthenogenesis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parthenogenesis (alang bulung a anti kaniti)">Parthenogenesis</a> -- (ibat ya king amanung Griegong</li></ul> <p>παρθενος, "virgin", + γενεσις, "pangabait") at ing kabalduga’na, itang pamandagul ampong pamanalkus (growth and development) ning embryo o butul/biní agyang alang fertilization ibat king lalaki. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deng_pikwanan">Deng pikwanan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pamiparakal&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Mag-edit dake: Deng pikwanan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>mag-edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pamiparakal&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Deng pikwanan"><span>alilan ya ing pikuwanan</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li>S. P. Otto and D. B. Goldstein. "Recombination and the Evolution of Diploidy".</li></ol> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Genetics_(journal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genetics (journal) (alang bulung a anti kaniti)">Genetics</a>. Vol 131 (1992): 745-751. </p> <ol><li>Pang, King Chee "Certificate Biology: New Mastering Basic Concepts", Hong Kong,</li></ol> <p>2003. </p> <ol><li>Zimmer, Carl. "Parasite Rex: Inside the Bizarre World of Nature's Most</li></ol> <p>Dangerous Creatures", New York: Touchstone, 2001. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Suglung_a_palwal">Suglung a palwal</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pamiparakal&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Mag-edit dake: Suglung a palwal" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>mag-edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pamiparakal&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Suglung a palwal"><span>alilan ya ing pikuwanan</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> <p>[<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/A/AsexualReproduction.ht">http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/A/AsexualReproduction.ht</a> ml Asexual Reproduction]<sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title=" since October 2023" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">suglung a mepatad</a></i>]</span></sup> </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://a-history.net">Human reproductive system webpage</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20210303204949/http://a-history.net/">Archived</a> Marsu 3, 2021 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayback_Machine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wayback Machine (alang bulung a anti kaniti)">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biolreprod.org/">Journal of Biology of Reproduction</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.andrologyjournal.org/">Journal of Andrology</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Mekua ya king "<a dir="ltr" href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pamiparakal&oldid=300906">https://pam.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pamiparakal&oldid=300906</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Kategorya</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_since_October_2023&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Articles with dead external links since October 2023 (alang bulung a anti kaniti)">Articles with dead external links since October 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Biological_reproduction" title="Category:Biological reproduction">Biological reproduction</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Developmental_biology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Developmental biology (alang bulung a anti kaniti)">Developmental biology</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Tauli yang miyalilan ining bulung anyang 04:59, 12 Oktubri 2023.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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