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vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-羅馬化方案" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#羅馬化方案"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>羅馬化方案</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-羅馬化方案-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关羅馬化方案子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-羅馬化方案-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-字母轉寫" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#字母轉寫"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>字母轉寫</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-字母轉寫-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-轉錄" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#轉錄"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>轉錄</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-轉錄-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-音位轉錄" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#音位轉錄"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>音位轉錄</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-音位轉錄-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-語音轉錄" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#語音轉錄"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>語音轉錄</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-語音轉錄-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-取捨" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#取捨"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>取捨</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-取捨-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-不同書寫系統的羅馬化方案" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#不同書寫系統的羅馬化方案"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>不同書寫系統的羅馬化方案</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-不同書寫系統的羅馬化方案-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关不同書寫系統的羅馬化方案子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-不同書寫系統的羅馬化方案-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-阿拉伯字母" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#阿拉伯字母"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>阿拉伯字母</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-阿拉伯字母-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-希伯來語字母" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#希伯來語字母"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>希伯來語字母</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-希伯來語字母-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-希伯來語" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#希伯來語"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>希伯來語</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-希伯來語-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-婆羅米字母" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#婆羅米字母"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>婆羅米字母</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-婆羅米字母-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-漢语文字" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#漢语文字"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>漢语文字</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-漢语文字-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-現代標準漢語" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#現代標準漢語"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.1</span> <span>現代標準漢語</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-現代標準漢語-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-中華人民共和國" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#中華人民共和國"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.1.1</span> <span>中華人民共和國</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-中華人民共和國-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-中華民國" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#中華民國"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.1.2</span> <span>中華民國</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-中華民國-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-標準南京官話" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#標準南京官話"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.2</span> <span>標準南京官話</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-標準南京官話-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-標準粵語" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#標準粵語"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.3</span> <span>標準粵語</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-標準粵語-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-吳語" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#吳語"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.4</span> <span>吳語</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-吳語-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-閩南語" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#閩南語"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.5</span> <span>閩南語</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-閩南語-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-閩東語／福州話" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#閩東語／福州話"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.6</span> <span>閩東語／福州話</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-閩東語／福州話-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-传教士罗马化语言办报" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#传教士罗马化语言办报"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.7</span> <span>传教士罗马化语言办报</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-传教士罗马化语言办报-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-日文" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#日文"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>日文</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-日文-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-諺文" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#諺文"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>諺文</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-諺文-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-韩语" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#韩语"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6.1</span> <span>韩语</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-韩语-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-吉阿吉阿語" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#吉阿吉阿語"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6.2</span> <span>吉阿吉阿語</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-吉阿吉阿語-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-泰文" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#泰文"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>泰文</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-泰文-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-泰语" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#泰语"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7.1</span> <span>泰语</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-泰语-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-西里爾字母" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#西里爾字母"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>西里爾字母</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-西里爾字母-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-白俄羅斯語" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#白俄羅斯語"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8.1</span> <span>白俄羅斯語</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-白俄羅斯語-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-俄語" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#俄語"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8.2</span> <span>俄語</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-俄語-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-烏克蘭語" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#烏克蘭語"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8.3</span> <span>烏克蘭語</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-烏克蘭語-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-希臘字母" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#希臘字母"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>希臘字母</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-希臘字母-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-格鲁吉亚字母" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#格鲁吉亚字母"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10</span> <span>格鲁吉亚字母</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-格鲁吉亚字母-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-格鲁吉亚语" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#格鲁吉亚语"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10.1</span> <span>格鲁吉亚语</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-格鲁吉亚语-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-總結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#總結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>總結</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-總結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>参见</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>外部連結</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">罗马化</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。45种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-45" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">45种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A9" title="رومنة – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رومنة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanizasiya" title="Romanizasiya – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Romanizasiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Латинизация – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Латинизация" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3" title="রোমানীকরণ – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রোমানীকরণ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanekadur" title="Romanekadur – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Romanekadur" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanitzaci%C3%B3" title="Romanització – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Romanització" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanisering" title="Romanisering – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Romanisering" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization" title="Romanization – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Romanization" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latinigo" title="Latinigo – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Latinigo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanizaci%C3%B3n_(transliteraci%C3%B3n)" title="Romanización (transliteración) – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Romanización (transliteración)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latinisatsioon" title="Latinisatsioon – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Latinisatsioon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="لاتین‌نویسی – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لاتین‌نویسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanisation_(%C3%A9criture)" title="Romanisation (écriture) – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Romanisation (écriture)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B3mh%C3%A1n%C3%BA" title="Rómhánú – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Rómhánú" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9F_(%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA)" title="ליטון (בלשנות) – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ליטון (בלשנות)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3" title="रोमनीकरण – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रोमनीकरण" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%B8%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Ռոմանիզացիա – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռոմանիզացիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latinisasi_(bahasa)" title="Latinisasi (bahasa) – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Latinisasi (bahasa)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanisasion" title="Romanisasion – 伊洛卡诺语" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Romanisasion" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="伊洛卡诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latinigado" title="Latinigado – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Latinigado" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%83%86%E3%83%B3%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%8C%96" title="ラテン文字化 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ラテン文字化" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanisasi" title="Romanisasi – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Romanisasi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EB%A7%88%EC%9E%90_%ED%91%9C%EA%B8%B0%EB%B2%95" title="로마자 표기법 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="로마자 표기법" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanisazion" title="Romanisazion – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Romanisazion" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romaniz%C4%81cija" title="Romanizācija – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Romanizācija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perumian" title="Perumian – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Perumian" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanisatie" title="Romanisatie – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Romanisatie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanisering" title="Romanisering – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Romanisering" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romaniza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_(lingu%C3%ADstica)" title="Romanização (linguística) – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Romanização (linguística)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanizare_(lingvistic%C4%83)" title="Romanizare (lingvistică) – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Romanizare (lingvistică)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Романизация – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Романизация" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%AB%E0%B6%BA" title="රෝමානුකරණය – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="රෝමානුකරණය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization" title="Romanization – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Romanization" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanizimi" title="Romanizimi – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Romanizimi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0)" title="Латинизација (правописна) – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Латинизација (правописна)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanisasi" title="Romanisasi – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Romanisasi" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanisering_(lingvistik)" title="Romanisering (lingvistik) – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Romanisering (lingvistik)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="การถอดเป็นอักษรโรมัน – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การถอดเป็นอักษรโรมัน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanisasyon" title="Romanisasyon – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Romanisasyon" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanizasyon" title="Romanizasyon – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Romanizasyon" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="رومن نویسی – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="رومن نویسی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanizatsiya" title="Romanizatsiya – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Romanizatsiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latinh_h%C3%B3a" title="Latinh hóa – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Latinh hóa" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B4-m%C3%A1-h%C3%B2a" title="Lô-má-hòa – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Lô-má-hòa" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%8C%96" title="羅馬化 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="羅馬化" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q976327#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" 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id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span class="noviewer hatnote-notice-img" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Confusion_grey.svg/24px-Confusion_grey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Confusion_grey.svg/36px-Confusion_grey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Confusion_grey.svg/48px-Confusion_grey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="200" /></a></span><b>提示</b>：此条目页的主题不是<b><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8D%E7%A7%B0%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%8C%96" title="名称拉丁化">名称拉丁化</a></b>。</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span class="noviewer hatnote-notice-img" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span>关于与「<b>罗马化</b>」標題相近或相同的条目页，請見「<b><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%8C%96_(%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96)" title="羅馬化 (文化)">羅馬化 (文化)</a></b>」。</div> <p><b>羅馬化</b>（英語：<span lang="en">Romanization</span>，法語：<span lang="fr">Romanisation</span>），又稱<b>拉丁化</b>（<span lang="en">Latinization</span>，<span lang="fr">latinisation</span>），是<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="語言學">語言學</a>中將不是<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="拉丁字母">拉丁字母</a>（又稱<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="羅馬字母">羅馬字母</a>）形式的<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="文字">文字</a>系统，轉換成拉丁字母的过程。主要是将被转换系统裡的非拉丁文字，按照<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AC%E5%86%99" class="mw-redirect" title="转写">转写</a>系统的规则和转写表，忠实地将字符（也包括字符的<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%84%E5%8A%A0%E7%AC%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="附加符号">附加符号</a>及单音素双字符）对号入座地转写成转换系统裡的拉丁字符。被转换系统与转换系统的字符也可以<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%86%E5%90%91%E8%BD%AC%E5%86%99" class="mw-redirect" title="逆向转写">逆向转写</a>。 </p><p>羅馬化的方案有很多，包括用以表達<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B8%E9%9D%A2%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="書面語">書面語</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E8%AD%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="音譯">音譯</a>、和用以表達<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A3%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="口語">口語</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%89%E9%8C%84" class="mw-redirect" title="轉錄">轉錄</a>。後者可以再被分為兩類：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9F%B3%E4%BD%8D%E8%BD%89%E9%8C%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="音位轉錄（页面不存在）">音位轉錄</a>，用以記錄<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="音素">音素</a>或者一段說話裡的<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E4%B9%89" class="mw-redirect" title="语义">語義</a>數量。和更嚴格的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A8%99%E9%9F%B3%E8%BD%89%E9%8C%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="標音轉錄（页面不存在）">標音轉錄</a>來記錄說話聲音。而每一個羅馬化方案均有一套獨立的規則，規定了每一個已羅馬化字元的發音。除了<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="拼音文字">拼音文字</a>之外，現今唯一徹底採用<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E7%B4%A0%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="语素文字">語素文字</a>系統的<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="漢字">漢字</a>也從近代起出現<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="汉字罗马化">羅馬化方案</a>，但並未完全取代漢字原有的功能。 </p><p>類似羅馬化的文字轉寫型式還有「<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C%E5%B0%94%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="西里尔化">西里爾化</a>」（又稱「斯拉夫化」），即把一個語言音譯或轉錄成<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C%E7%88%BE%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="西里爾字母">西里爾字母</a>的過程。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="羅馬化方案"><span id=".E7.BE.85.E9.A6.AC.E5.8C.96.E6.96.B9.E6.A1.88"></span>羅馬化方案</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%8C%96&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：羅馬化方案"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="字母轉寫"><span id=".E5.AD.97.E6.AF.8D.E8.BD.89.E5.AF.AB"></span>字母轉寫</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%8C%96&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：字母轉寫"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E8%BD%AC%E5%86%99" title="字母转写">字母轉寫</a></div> <p>如果使用羅馬化方案去把原來的字詞去音譯的話，最基本的原則就是把本來語言裡的字母，逐一音譯到目標語言之中。這個方法的特色，就是過程中並不著重在目標語言裡的實際發音。例如，使用日語的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%93%E4%BB%A4%E5%BC%8F%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="訓令式羅馬字">訓令式羅馬字</a>的話，就容許讀者可以百分之百地，憑拼音去重組成日語的<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%87%E5%81%87%E5%90%8D" title="片假名">片假名</a>音節。但這個方案需要事前對日語有一定的知識。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="轉錄"><span id=".E8.BD.89.E9.8C.84"></span>轉錄</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%8C%96&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：轉錄"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E8%BD%AC%E5%86%99" title="字母转写">字母轉寫</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="音位轉錄"><span id=".E9.9F.B3.E4.BD.8D.E8.BD.89.E9.8C.84"></span>音位轉錄</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%8C%96&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：音位轉錄"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9F%B3%E4%BD%8D%E8%BD%89%E9%8C%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="音位轉錄（页面不存在）">音位轉錄</a></div> <p>但是，大部份的羅馬化方案都以一般讀者為主。就是說讀者事前並不需要對本來語言有認識，反而應該提起讀者對本來語言如何發音的興趣。這樣的羅馬化方案大多根據音位轉錄原則，嘗試把在本來語言裡，每一個音位的發音，盡量準確地轉錄，使到操目標語言的人都能發到貼近的發音。日語裡的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E6%96%87%E5%BC%8F%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="平文式羅馬字">平文式羅馬字</a>（或稱黑本式羅馬字）就是一個很好的例子，這個羅馬化方案是為<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="英語">英語</a>使用者而設的。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="語音轉錄"><span id=".E8.AA.9E.E9.9F.B3.E8.BD.89.E9.8C.84"></span>語音轉錄</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%8C%96&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：語音轉錄"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E9%9F%B3%E8%BD%89%E9%8C%84" title="語音轉錄">語音轉錄</a></div> <p>語音轉錄方案則更進一步，這個方案嘗試把本來語言裡所有的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E4%BD%8D" title="音位">音位</a>描繪出來。有時可能會犧牲目標語言裡的閱讀性，使用在目標語言裡沒有的<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="字母">字母</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99" title="國際音標">國際音標</a>字母就是一個在標音轉錄裡最常用的系統。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="取捨"><span id=".E5.8F.96.E6.8D.A8"></span>取捨</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%8C%96&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：取捨"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>對於大部份的語言來說，建立一套可用性的羅馬化方案都會涉及需要在兩個極端裡進行取捨。純正的轉錄被普遍認為是不可能的，因為多會發生諸如在本來語言裡的發音和區別，不可能在目標語言裡表現出來。但如果硬要表現出來的話，就會使羅馬化後的字眼變得複雜。 </p><p>一般來說，除了一部份學者之外，羅馬化方案都傾向以音位轉錄形式出現。舉個例子，日本<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E8%A1%93" title="武術">武術</a>“<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%94%E8%A1%93" title="柔術">柔術</a>”這一詞，使用訓令式羅馬字的話，就會變成“zyūzyutu”。這樣一來可以讓本身懂日語的人去重組成假名的“<span lang="ja">じゅうじゅつ</span>”。但使用平文式羅馬字的話就會變成“jūjutsu”，人們會較易猜到這個詞語本來的日語發音。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="不同書寫系統的羅馬化方案"><span id=".E4.B8.8D.E5.90.8C.E6.9B.B8.E5.AF.AB.E7.B3.BB.E7.B5.B1.E7.9A.84.E7.BE.85.E9.A6.AC.E5.8C.96.E6.96.B9.E6.A1.88"></span>不同書寫系統的羅馬化方案</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%8C%96&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：不同書寫系統的羅馬化方案"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="阿拉伯字母"><span id=".E9.98.BF.E6.8B.89.E4.BC.AF.E5.AD.97.E6.AF.8D"></span><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="阿拉伯字母">阿拉伯字母</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%8C%96&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：阿拉伯字母"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>阿拉伯字母是用來書寫阿拉伯語、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="波斯語">波斯語</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E7%88%BE%E9%83%BD%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="烏爾都語">烏爾都語</a>。其羅馬化方案如下： </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E6%91%A9%E7%88%BE%E6%A0%B9%E8%98%AD%E5%AD%B8%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="德國摩爾根蘭學會（页面不存在）">德國摩爾根蘭學會</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>（1936年）：被<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="羅馬">羅馬</a>的國際東方學者會議所使用，是以<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BC%A2%E6%96%AF-%E5%A8%81%E6%B5%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="漢斯-威海（页面不存在）">漢斯-威海</a>辭典(<a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0879500034" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0879500034</a>)為基礎所發展的方案。</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BS_4280&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BS 4280（页面不存在）">BS 4280</a>（1968年）：由<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E5%8D%94%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="英國標準協會">英國標準協會</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>發展的方案。</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E8%AA%9E%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93%E6%80%A7%E9%9F%B3%E8%AD%AF%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="標準阿拉伯語技術性音譯系統（页面不存在）">標準阿拉伯語技術性音譯系統</a>（1970年代）：由<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="美國">美國</a>軍隊發展的方案。</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%B0%E5%90%8D%E5%B0%88%E5%AE%B6%E7%B5%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="聯合國地名專家組（页面不存在）">聯合國地名專家組</a>（1972年）<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DIN-31635&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DIN-31635（页面不存在）">DIN-31635</a>（1982年）：由<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E5%8C%96%E5%8D%94%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="德國標準化協會">德國標準化協會</a>所發展的方案。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_233" title="ISO 233">ISO 233</a>（1984年）：<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E5%8C%96%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="國際標準化組織">國際標準化組織</a>的音譯方案。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E6%8B%89%E5%A7%86" class="mw-disambig" title="卡拉姆">卡拉姆</a>（1985年）：一套著重保留字母串法，犧牲了發音的方案。 <sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_233-2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 233-2（页面不存在）">ISO 233-2</a>（1993年）：<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E5%8C%96%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="國際標準化組織">國際標準化組織</a>的簡化音譯方案。</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%95%A2%E5%85%8B%E8%8F%AF%E7%88%BE%E7%89%B9%E9%9F%B3%E8%AD%AF%E6%96%B9%E8%AD%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="畢克華爾特音譯方譯（页面不存在）">畢克華爾特音譯方譯</a>（1990年代）：由<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%BD%E4%B9%90" title="施乐">施樂</a>研究中心的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B7%BB%C2%B7%E7%95%A2%E5%85%8B%E8%8F%AF%E7%88%BE%E7%89%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="添·畢克華爾特（页面不存在）">添·畢克華爾特</a>先生所發明的系統。<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>這個系統並不需要一些特別的發音區別符號。<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E9%A4%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="美國國會圖書館">美國國會圖書館標準方案</a>（1997年）<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="希伯來語字母"><span id=".E5.B8.8C.E4.BC.AF.E4.BE.86.E8.AA.9E.E5.AD.97.E6.AF.8D"></span><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E6%9D%A5%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="希伯来字母">希伯來語字母</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%8C%96&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：希伯來語字母"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="希伯來語"><span id=".E5.B8.8C.E4.BC.AF.E4.BE.86.E8.AA.9E"></span><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E4%BE%86%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="希伯來語">希伯來語</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%8C%96&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：希伯來語"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E5%AD%A6%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="美国国家标准学会">美國國家標準學會</a> Z39.25（1975年）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%B0%E5%90%8D%E5%B0%88%E5%AE%B6%E7%B5%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="聯合國地名專家組（页面不存在）">聯合國地名專家組</a>（1977年）<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_259" title="ISO 259">ISO 259</a>（1984年）：<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E5%8C%96%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="國際標準化組織">國際標準化組織</a>的音譯方案。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_259-2" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 259-2">ISO 259-2</a>（1994年）：國際標準化組織的簡化音譯方案。</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/DIS_259-3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO/DIS 259-3（页面不存在）">ISO/DIS 259-3</a>：國際標準化組織的音位轉錄方案</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E9%A4%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="美國國會圖書館">美國國會圖書館標準方案</a> <sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="婆羅米字母"><span id=".E5.A9.86.E7.BE.85.E7.B1.B3.E5.AD.97.E6.AF.8D"></span>婆羅米字母</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%8C%96&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：婆羅米字母"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%A9%86%E7%BD%97%E7%B1%B3%E7%B3%BB%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="婆罗米系文字">婆羅米字母</a>用以書寫<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度">印度</a>大陸和<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="東南亞">東南亞</a>地方語言的書寫系統。長久以來，西方都是透過其羅馬化音譯去研究<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="梵文">梵文</a>以及其他印度文字。自<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="英國">英國</a>的東方學者<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E7%93%8A%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="威廉·瓊斯（页面不存在）">威廉·瓊斯</a>爵士之後，不同的印度文字音譯方案亦隨之推出。<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15919" title="ISO 15919">ISO 15919</a>（2001年）：<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E5%8C%96%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="國際標準化組織">國際標準化組織</a>的音譯方案。這套方案以發音區別符號去標示大量的婆羅米<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%90%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="子音">子音</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%8D%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="母音">母音</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>而<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%9F%8E%E6%96%87" title="天城文">天城文</a>獨有的部份在學術標準上也被同化。<a href="/wiki/IAST" title="IAST">國際梵文音譯字母</a>及<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E9%A4%A8%E7%9A%84%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="美國國會圖書館的標準（页面不存在）">美國國會圖書館的標準</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E4%BD%9B-%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E8%BD%89%E5%AF%AB" title="哈佛-京都轉寫">哈佛-京都轉寫</a>：使用<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%A5%B7" class="mw-disambig" title="大楷">大楷</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E6%A5%B7" class="mw-disambig" title="小楷">小楷</a>及雙字母以避免使用發音區別符號，及限制使用範圍至7<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8D%E5%85%83" title="位元">位元</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E4%BA%92%E6%8D%A2%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81" class="mw-redirect" title="美国信息互换标准代码">美國信息互換標準代碼</a>（ASCII）標準。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITRANS" title="ITRANS">印度語言音譯</a>：由<a href="/w/index.php?title=Avinash_Chopde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avinash Chopde（页面不存在）">Avinash Chopde</a>發明的一套7位元ASCII標準的音譯方案，常見於<a href="/wiki/Usenet" title="Usenet">Usenet</a>網絡。</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HTML%E7%94%A8%E6%A2%B5%E6%96%87%E9%9F%B3%E8%AD%AF%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HTML用梵文音譯字母（页面不存在）">HTML用梵文音譯字母</a>：源自<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%A0%B9%E5%BB%B7" title="阿根廷">阿根廷</a>，同樣兼容7位元的ASCII標準。<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E4%BA%92%E6%8F%9B%E4%BB%A3%E7%A2%BC%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" class="mw-redirect" title="印度文字信息互換代碼方案">印度文字信息互換代碼方案</a>（1988年）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E7%88%BE%E5%90%84%E7%AD%94%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E9%A4%A8%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%8C%96" title="加爾各答國家圖書館羅馬化">加爾各答國家圖書館羅馬化</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="漢语文字"><span id=".E6.BC.A2.E8.AF.AD.E6.96.87.E5.AD.97"></span><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD" title="汉语">漢语文字</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%8C%96&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：漢语文字"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%8C%96" title="汉字拉丁化">汉字拉丁化</a></div> <p>漢語的羅馬化，在某些層面上被証明是一個困難的問題，因為同時涉及政治考慮。另一個困難之處，就是漢語並非<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="表音文字">表音文字</a>，而是<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="意音文字">意音文字</a>。所以大部份的羅馬化方案並非直接把<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="漢字">漢字</a>轉換，而是建基於類似<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="漢語拼音">漢語拼音</a>之上。<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="現代標準漢語"><span id=".E7.8F.BE.E4.BB.A3.E6.A8.99.E6.BA.96.E6.BC.A2.E8.AA.9E"></span><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%BE%E4%BB%A3%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E" title="現代標準漢語">現代標準漢語</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%8C%96&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：現代標準漢語"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E9%A4%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="美國國會圖書館">美國國會圖書館標準方案</a>：和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%A6%A5%E7%91%AA%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="威妥瑪拼音">威妥瑪拼音</a>類似的方案<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, 但在2000年已經被轉換成<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="漢語拼音">漢語拼音</a>。 <sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E9%81%A0%E6%9D%B1%E5%AD%B8%E9%99%A2%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="法國遠東學院拼音">法國遠東學院拼音</a>：由<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E9%81%A0%E6%9D%B1%E5%AD%B8%E9%99%A2" title="法國遠東學院">法國遠東學院</a>於19世紀發明，主要於<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="法國">法國</a>使用。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%8C%96%E6%96%B0%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="拉丁化新文字">拉丁化新文字</a>（1926~1928年）：把音調省略，主要於前<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="蘇聯">蘇聯</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%85%B1%E5%8D%A0%E9%A2%86%E5%8C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="中共占领区">中共占领区</a>使用，是<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="漢語拼音">漢語拼音</a>的前身。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="德國式拼音">德國式拼音</a>：主要於<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="德國">德國</a>使用。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%B5%E6%94%BF%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="郵政式拼音">郵政式拼音</a>（1906年）：早期的國際地址標準。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%A6%A5%E7%8E%9B%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="威妥玛拼音">威妥瑪拼音</a>（1912年）：音譯方案，在中國大陸常用於<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="第二次世界大戰">第二次世界大戰</a>之前，在台灣現今仍用於縣市級以上之地名及大多台灣人名。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E9%AD%AF%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="耶魯漢語拼音">耶魯拼法</a>（1942年）：由<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="美國">美國</a>所創，用於戰地通訊。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="捷克拼音">捷克拼音</a>：主要於<a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B" title="捷克">捷克</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%90%E5%85%8B" title="斯洛伐克">斯洛伐克</a>使用。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="中華人民共和國"><span id=".E4.B8.AD.E8.8F.AF.E4.BA.BA.E6.B0.91.E5.85.B1.E5.92.8C.E5.9C.8B"></span><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="中華人民共和國">中華人民共和國</a></h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%8C%96&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：中華人民共和國"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="漢語拼音">漢語拼音</a>（1958年）：在中華人民共和國，這套方案已經被官方確認為羅馬化漢語的標準方案。多數用於教授<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%8D%E8%AA%9E" title="母語">母語</a>並非普通話的學生，學習普通話時使用的學習工具。這套方案亦被國際社會普遍所接受，作為拼寫中文或名字時的標準。漢語拼音價值在於中國地大物博，人口之多，與其他面積和人口相若的國家一樣，出現了多種<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="漢語方言">漢語方言</a>。所以需要有一套統一的書寫系統和語言去進行溝通。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="汉语拼音">ISO 7098</a>（1991年）：<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E5%8C%96%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="國際標準化組織">國際標準化組織</a>的方案，與漢語拼音非常相似。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="中華民國"><span id=".E4.B8.AD.E8.8F.AF.E6.B0.91.E5.9C.8B"></span><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" title="中華民國">中華民國</a></h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%8C%96&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：中華民國"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="台灣的中文羅馬拼音">台灣的中文羅馬拼音</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%A6%A5%E7%91%AA%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="威妥瑪拼音">威妥瑪拼音</a>：通用拼音始為官方系統前，多數中華民國地名、路名與<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" title="中華民國">中華民國</a>國民姓名多以此一拼音系統拼寫。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E8%AA%9E%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%AD%97" title="國語羅馬字">國語羅馬字</a>（1926年）：<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E9%83%A8" title="中華民國教育部">中華民國教育部</a>於1926年正式公佈後在於全中國地域使用。1949年後則於<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80" class="mw-redirect" title="台灣地區">台灣地區</a>繼續使用，後來才被<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A8%E9%9F%B3%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%BC%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="注音符號第二式">注音符號第二式</a>所取代。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A8%E9%9F%B3%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%BC%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="注音符號第二式">注音符號第二式</a>（1986年）：主要於中華民國使用，目前仍普遍用於以兒童為對象的公共場合或機構。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="通用拼音">通用拼音</a>（2000年）：主要於中華民國。<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="標準南京官話"><span id=".E6.A8.99.E6.BA.96.E5.8D.97.E4.BA.AC.E5.AE.98.E8.A9.B1"></span><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%AE%98%E8%A9%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="南京官話">標準南京官話</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%8C%96&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：標準南京官話"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E8%A9%B1#拉丁拼音" title="南京話">南京話拼音方案</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="標準粵語"><span id=".E6.A8.99.E6.BA.96.E7.B2.B5.E8.AA.9E"></span><a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E7%B2%B5%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="標準粵語">標準粵語</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%8C%96&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：標準粵語"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%B5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="粵語的拼音歷史">粵語的拼音歷史</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E5%AD%B8%E9%99%A2%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" title="教育學院拼音方案">教育學院拼音方案</a>：香港<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E5%B1%80_(%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF)" title="教育局 (香港)">教育局</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%83%E8%A9%95%E5%B1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="考評局">考評局</a>承認的方案</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E5%B7%9E%E8%A9%B1%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" class="mw-redirect" title="廣州話拼音方案">廣州話拼音方案</a>：饒秉才在廣東省教育部門方案基礎上的修訂版本</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E7%B2%B5%E8%AA%9E%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="香港政府粵語拼音">香港政府粵語拼音</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="香港政府">香港政府</a>拼寫人名、地名的方案</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%B8%E5%AD%B8%E6%9C%83%E7%B2%B5%E8%AA%9E%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" title="香港語言學學會粵語拼音方案">香港語言學學會粵語拼音方案</a>（粵拼，1993年）：<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%B8%E5%AD%B8%E6%9C%83" title="香港語言學學會">香港語言學學會</a>方案</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80%E8%91%A1%E5%BC%8F%E7%B2%B5%E8%AA%9E%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="澳門葡式粵語拼音（页面不存在）">澳門葡式粵語拼音</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="澳門政府">澳門政府</a>拼寫人名、地名的方案</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meyer-Wempe" class="mw-redirect" title="Meyer-Wempe">Meyer-Wempe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%89%E9%8C%AB%E7%A5%A5%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="劉錫祥拼音">劉錫祥拼音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E9%AD%AF%E7%B2%B5%E8%AA%9E%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="耶魯粵語拼音">耶魯粵語拼音</a>（1942年）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E9%8C%AB%E5%87%8C%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="黃錫凌羅馬拼音">黃錫凌羅馬拼音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%B5%E8%AA%9E%E5%AF%AC%E5%BC%8F%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99" title="粵語寬式國際音標">寬式國際音標</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="吳語"><span id=".E5.90.B3.E8.AA.9E"></span><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B3%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="吳語">吳語</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%8C%96&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节：吳語"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%8C%96%E6%96%B0%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97#江南话拉丁化新文字" title="拉丁化新文字">拉丁化新文字（江南話）</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="閩南語"><span id=".E9.96.A9.E5.8D.97.E8.AA.9E"></span><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%A9%E5%8D%97%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="閩南語">閩南語</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%8C%96&action=edit&section=19" title="编辑章节：閩南語"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="https://zh.wikiversity.org/wiki/%E9%96%A9%E5%8D%97%E8%AA%9E%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E5%B0%8D%E7%85%A7%E8%A1%A8" class="extiw" title="v:閩南語拼音對照表">v:閩南語拼音對照表</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E8%A9%B1%E5%AD%97" title="白話字">教會羅馬字（白話字）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E9%96%A9%E5%8D%97%E8%AA%9E%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%AD%97%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" class="mw-redirect" title="台灣閩南語羅馬字拼音方案">台灣閩南語羅馬字拼音方案</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E8%AA%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="臺語通用拼音">臺語通用拼音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80%E9%9F%B3%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="台灣方言音符號">台灣方言音符號</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E7%99%BD%E8%A9%B1%E5%AD%97" title="潮州白話字">潮州白話字</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="閩東語／福州話"><span id=".E9.96.A9.E6.9D.B1.E8.AA.9E.EF.BC.8F.E7.A6.8F.E5.B7.9E.E8.A9.B1"></span><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%A9%E6%9D%B1%E8%AA%9E" title="閩東語">閩東語</a>／<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E5%B7%9E%E8%A9%B1" title="福州話">福州話</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%8C%96&action=edit&section=20" title="编辑章节：閩東語／福州話"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E8%A9%B1%E5%AD%97" title="平話字">平話字</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="传教士罗马化语言办报"><span id=".E4.BC.A0.E6.95.99.E5.A3.AB.E7.BD.97.E9.A9.AC.E5.8C.96.E8.AF.AD.E8.A8.80.E5.8A.9E.E6.8A.A5"></span>传教士罗马化语言办报</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%8C%96&action=edit&section=21" title="编辑章节：传教士罗马化语言办报"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>发端：19世纪末，在中国的欧洲、美国传教士再次掀起兴办中文报刊的高潮。以美国佐治亚州的传教士编辑<a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E6%A8%82%E7%9F%A5" title="林樂知">林乐知</a>为首的一批传教士编辑认识到了非教会报纸具有广泛传播的可能性。为了扩大报刊的发行量，就需要使用更加通俗易懂的文字。作为针对文盲读者的极端方法，他们开始使用罗马化语言。他们起初曾持怀疑态度，因为这意味着报刊的传播元素将与汉字方块字彻底分离。这不仅预示着字母文字的引进，而且暗示了一种基于新文字的文学体系的形成。</li> <li>莱普修斯字母表：德国传教士倾向于<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E7%90%86%E6%9F%A5%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E8%8E%B1%E6%99%AE%E4%BF%AE%E6%96%AF" title="卡尔·理查德·莱普修斯">卡尔·理查德·莱普修斯</a>字母表</li> <li>威廉·琼斯字母表：英国传教士倾向于推行<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E7%90%BC%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="威廉·琼斯（页面不存在）">威廉·琼斯</a>的字母表</li> <li>成果：在中国东南沿海方言丰富多变的地区，罗马化语言办报的计划取得了些许成功。例如，厦门土话约有800个音节，相比之下，在中国四分之三地区通用的标准官话只有420个音节。虽然不同地区的官话略有变化，但后来还是成为了全国性的标准语言。在香港，<a href="/wiki/%E5%B4%87%E7%9C%9F%E4%BC%9A" title="崇真会">崇真会（巴色会）</a>传教士娄士（G.Reusch）于1882年用罗马化的客家方言编纂一份插图月刊，每年订阅价为20美分。<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>在台湾，<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E9%95%B7%E8%80%81%E6%9C%83%E5%B7%AE%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="英國長老會差會">英國長老會差會</a>的巴克礼（Thomas Barclay）创办一份用罗马拼音化的白话字印刷的教会月刊<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E5%85%AC%E5%A0%B1" title="台灣教會公報">《台南府城教会报》</a>（后更名<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E5%85%AC%E5%A0%B1" title="台灣教會公報">台灣教會公報</a>）。在汕头，英国长老会的传教士<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%B2%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="汲约翰（页面不存在）">汲约翰</a>（J.C.Gibson）也办过類似的《潮惠會報》，只是後來都因時局原因而停止，但白話字仍在民間傳承。相反的，官话实行罗马化或者演变为单纯的拼音文字都不适用，因为它具有太多的同音异义字。因此，大多数传教士报刊不仅使用汉字印刷，而且采用中国传统的书册式报刊形制。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="日文"><span id=".E6.97.A5.E6.96.87"></span><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E6%9B%B8%E5%AF%AB%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="日語書寫系統">日文</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%8C%96&action=edit&section=22" title="编辑章节：日文"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>羅馬化，在日語裡稱作<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%AF%AD%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%AD%97" title="日语罗马字">羅馬字</a>（<span lang="ja">ローマ字</span>）。 </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E6%96%87%E5%BC%8F%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="平文式羅馬字">平文式羅馬字</a>（1867年）：音位轉錄方案。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%BC%8F%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%AD%97" title="日本式罗马字">日本式羅馬字</a>（1885年）：音譯方案，於1989年成為了<a href="/wiki/ISO_3602" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 3602">ISO 3602</a>嚴謹標準。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%AD%E4%BB%A4%E5%BC%8F%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%AD%97" title="训令式罗马字">训令式罗马字</a>（1937年）：音譯方案，後來成為了<a href="/wiki/ISO_3602" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 3602">ISO 3602</a>標準。</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="JSL" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="JSL romanization"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=JSL&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JSL（页面不存在）">JSL</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSL_romanization" class="extiw" title="en:JSL romanization"><span lang="en" dir="auto">JSL romanization</span></a></span>）</span></span>（1987年）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E9%A4%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="美國國會圖書館">美國國會圖書館標準方案</a>：與平文式羅馬字相似的一套方案。<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E8%99%95%E7%90%86%E5%99%A8%E5%BC%8F%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%AD%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="文字處理器式羅馬字（页面不存在）">文字處理器式羅馬字</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="諺文"><span id=".E8.AB.BA.E6.96.87"></span><a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BA%E6%96%87" title="諺文">諺文</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%8C%96&action=edit&section=23" title="编辑章节：諺文"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="韩语"><span id=".E9.9F.A9.E8.AF.AD"></span><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%A9%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="韩语">韩语</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%8C%96&action=edit&section=24" title="编辑章节：韩语"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E7%A7%91%E6%81%A9-%E8%B3%B4%E8%82%96%E7%88%BE%E8%A1%A8%E8%A8%98%E6%B3%95" title="馬科恩-賴肖爾表記法">馬科恩-賴肖爾轉寫系統</a>（1937年）：直至2002年為止，都是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%9F%93" class="mw-redirect" title="南韓">南韓</a>官方的韓語羅馬化方案。現時此系統仍於<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%9F%93" class="mw-redirect" title="北韓">北韓</a>使用。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E8%A7%82%E5%85%89%E9%83%A82000%E5%B9%B4%E5%BC%8F" title="文化观光部2000年式">羅馬字標記法修正案</a>（2000年）：在2005年，南韓政府正式使用這套已於2000年批准的方案。<a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E7%89%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="路牌">路牌</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E7%A7%91%E6%9B%B8" title="教科書">教科書</a>已經開始逐步跟隨，政府估計此刻修訂需要花費至少20億<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%85%83" title="美元">美元</a>。但人名拼音仍然可以按照個人意願，但政府會強烈建議使用新方案。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E9%AD%AF%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3#耶鲁朝鲜语拼音" title="耶魯拼音">耶魯拼法</a>（1942年）：這套方案主要應用於學術文學層面。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E9%A4%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="美國國會圖書館">美國國會圖書館標準方案</a>：與McCune-Reischauer式大致上相同。<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/TR_11941&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO/TR 11941（页面不存在）">ISO/TR 11941</a>（1996年）：這套方案其實是由兩個方案所組成，分別為南北韓兩個國家所提出。最初提交上<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E5%8C%96%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="國際標準化組織">國際標準化組織</a>的方案，是經過雙方努力的成果（方案主要以耶魯方案為基礎）。但在最後階段，雙方出現方歧，導致出現了兩個方案。<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="吉阿吉阿語"><span id=".E5.90.89.E9.98.BF.E5.90.89.E9.98.BF.E8.AA.9E"></span><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E9%98%BF%E5%90%89%E9%98%BF%E8%AA%9E" title="吉阿吉阿語">吉阿吉阿語</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%8C%96&action=edit&section=25" title="编辑章节：吉阿吉阿語"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E9%98%BF%E5%90%89%E9%98%BF%E8%AA%9E" title="吉阿吉阿語">吉阿吉阿語</a>原本没有文字。从2008年开始，当地与<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%A9%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="韩国">韩国</a>训民正音学会采用<a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%9A%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="谚文">谚文</a>字母作为其现代化的文字，但后来废止了。 </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%89%E9%98%BF%E5%90%89%E9%98%BF%E8%AA%9E%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%8C%96%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="吉阿吉阿語罗马化方案（页面不存在）">吉阿吉阿語罗马化方案</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="泰文"><span id=".E6.B3.B0.E6.96.87"></span><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E6%96%87" title="泰文">泰文</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%8C%96&action=edit&section=26" title="编辑章节：泰文"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="泰语"><span id=".E6.B3.B0.E8.AF.AD"></span><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="泰语">泰语</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%8C%96&action=edit&section=27" title="编辑章节：泰语"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>泰語主要於<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="泰國">泰國</a>使用，有自己的一套文字去書寫。該套書寫系統可能是由古<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E6%A3%89" class="mw-disambig" title="高棉">高棉</a>傳過來，屬於<a href="/wiki/%E5%A9%86%E7%BD%97%E7%B1%B3%E6%96%87" title="婆罗米文">婆羅米</a>文字的一種。請參閱<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E8%AF%AD%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="泰语字母">泰語字母</a>。 </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%87%E5%AE%B6%E6%B3%B0%E8%AA%9E%E8%BD%89%E5%AF%AB%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="皇家泰語轉寫通用系統">皇家泰語轉寫通用系統</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E9%A4%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="美國國會圖書館">美國國會圖書館標準方案</a><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_11940" title="ISO 11940">ISO 11940</a>（1998年）：國際標準化組織的音譯方案。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="西里爾字母"><span id=".E8.A5.BF.E9.87.8C.E7.88.BE.E5.AD.97.E6.AF.8D"></span><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C%E7%88%BE%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="西里爾字母">西里爾字母</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%8C%96&action=edit&section=28" title="编辑章节：西里爾字母"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在語言學中，<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C%E7%88%BE%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="西里爾字母">西里爾字母</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E5%93%A5%E9%87%8C%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="格拉哥里字母">格拉哥里字母</a>都使用了科學音譯。同樣情況亦應用於<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E8%AA%9E" title="古教會斯拉夫語">古教會斯拉夫語</a>，以及現代的各個<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E8%AA%9E%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="斯拉夫語族">斯拉夫語族</a>，因為他們同樣使用這些字母。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="白俄羅斯語"><span id=".E7.99.BD.E4.BF.84.E7.BE.85.E6.96.AF.E8.AA.9E"></span><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="白俄羅斯語">白俄羅斯語</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%8C%96&action=edit&section=29" title="编辑章节：白俄羅斯語"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="白俄羅斯">白俄羅斯</a>語同時使用了西里爾字母和拉丁字母。但時至今日，縱使仍然有使用拉丁字母（正式名稱為<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lacinka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lacinka（页面不存在）">Łacinka</a>或Łacinica）的擁護者，但已經幾乎絕跡。但姑勿論本來的拉丁字母存在與否，白俄羅斯語的名字一般按<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="俄語">俄語</a>的習慣被翻譯。 </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">例字 </th></tr> <tr> <th>Łacinka字母</th> <th>羅馬化後 </th></tr> <tr> <td>Homiel</td> <td>Homyel' </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mahiloŭ</td> <td>Mahilyow </td></tr> <tr> <td>Viciebsk</td> <td>Vitsebsk </td></tr> <tr> <td>Baranavičy</td> <td>Baranavichy </td></tr> <tr> <td>Žytkavičy</td> <td>Zhytkavichy </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">文獻 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <ul><li>白俄羅斯國家羅馬化系統</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E9%A4%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="美國國會圖書館">美國國會圖書館標準方案</a><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>BGN/PCGN</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9" title="ISO 9">ISO 9</a>：國際標準化組織方案</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="俄語"><span id=".E4.BF.84.E8.AA.9E"></span><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="俄語">俄語</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%8C%96&action=edit&section=30" title="编辑章节：俄語"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>現時並沒有一套國際公認把俄語翻譯成羅馬字母的方案—事實上已經有很多套方案存在：有時會稍作調整以迎合某些特定語言（例如<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="德語">德語</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="法語">法語</a>），而有些則設計為<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E9%A4%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="圖書館">圖書館</a>音譯之用，有些則為翻譯<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="俄羅斯">俄羅斯</a>旅客護照之用。有時，有些名字的音譯則是以傳統為主。這樣一來，同一個名字會重複出現很多次。例如，俄國著名作曲家<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%B4%E5%8F%AF%E5%A4%AB%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="柴可夫斯基">柴可夫斯基</a>可以被譯成以下名字：<i>Tchaykovsky</i>, <i>Tchajkovskij</i>, <i>Tchaikowski</i>, <i>Tschaikowski</i>, <i>Czajkowski</i>, <i>Čajkovskij</i>, <i>Čajkovski</i>, <i>Chajkovskij</i>, <i>Chaykovsky</i>, <i>Chaykovskiy</i>, <i>Chaikovski</i>等等。 </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BGN/PCGN%E4%BF%84%E8%AA%9E%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%8C%96%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="BGN/PCGN俄語羅馬化系統">BGN/PCGN</a>（1947年）：<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%B0%E5%90%8D%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83" title="美國地名委員會">美國地名委員會</a>的方案<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GOST_16876-71&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GOST 16876-71（页面不存在）">GOST 16876-71</a>（1983年）：前<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="蘇聯">蘇聯</a>的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="國家標準委員會（页面不存在）">國家標準委員會</a>，測量及地圖繪製部門的方案。<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="聯合國">聯合國</a>標準（1987年）：以GOST方案上作基礎，在俄羅斯國內及國外的繪圖產品都開始被大量廣泛使用。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9" title="ISO 9">ISO 9</a>（1995年）：<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E5%8C%96%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="國際標準化組織">國際標準化組織</a>的音譯方案。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E9%A4%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="美國國會圖書館">美國國會圖書館標準方案</a>（1997年）<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volapuk%E7%B7%A8%E7%A2%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Volapuk編碼（页面不存在）">Volapuk編碼</a>（1990年）：這是一個人們為了方便在網絡上，使用拉丁字母傳送訊息，而使用的非正統俄語羅馬化方案。（這裡不是指<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%83%E6%8B%89%E6%99%AE%E5%85%8B%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="沃拉普克語">沃拉普克語</a>）</li> <li>維基百科內部標準（2004年）：從BGN/PCGN拼法引伸出來，特別於網上實際應用尤為重要。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="烏克蘭語"><span id=".E7.83.8F.E5.85.8B.E8.98.AD.E8.AA.9E"></span><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="烏克蘭語">烏克蘭語</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%8C%96&action=edit&section=31" title="编辑章节：烏克蘭語"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="烏克蘭">烏克蘭</a>的人名多以音位轉錄形式翻譯。烏克蘭國家系統主要於翻譯烏克蘭地名時使用。 </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E9%A4%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="美國國會圖書館">美國國會圖書館標準方案</a><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9" title="ISO 9">ISO 9</a> 國際標準化組織的音譯方案。</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="烏克蘭國家系統（页面不存在）">烏克蘭國家系統</a><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>烏克蘭國家及BGN/PCGN系統，聯合國地名專家組<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="希臘字母"><span id=".E5.B8.8C.E8.87.98.E5.AD.97.E6.AF.8D"></span><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="希臘字母">希臘字母</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%8C%96&action=edit&section=32" title="编辑章节：希臘字母"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="希臘語">希臘語</a>包括現時在<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98" class="mw-redirect" title="希臘">希臘</a>地區使用的語言，及古代的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E8%AA%9E%E8%AE%8A%E9%9F%B3%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F" title="希臘語變音符號">多音調拼字法</a>。 </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_843" title="ISO 843">ISO 843</a>（1997年）：國際標準化組織方案 <sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E9%A4%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="美國國會圖書館">美國國會圖書館標準方案</a><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="格鲁吉亚字母"><span id=".E6.A0.BC.E9.B2.81.E5.90.89.E4.BA.9A.E5.AD.97.E6.AF.8D"></span><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81%E5%90%89%E4%BA%9A%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="格鲁吉亚字母">格鲁吉亚字母</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%8C%96&action=edit&section=33" title="编辑章节：格鲁吉亚字母"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="格鲁吉亚语"><span id=".E6.A0.BC.E9.B2.81.E5.90.89.E4.BA.9A.E8.AF.AD"></span><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81%E5%90%89%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="格鲁吉亚语">格鲁吉亚语</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%8C%96&action=edit&section=34" title="编辑章节：格鲁吉亚语"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/ISO_9984" title="ISO 9984">ISO 9984</a>是把现代格鲁吉亚语罗马化的系统。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="總結"><span id=".E7.B8.BD.E7.B5.90"></span>總結</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%8C%96&action=edit&section=35" title="编辑章节：總結"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>以下的表格列出了把不同字母或書寫系統，作音位轉錄羅馬化後的結果。雖然對大部份使用者來說已經足夠，但是每一個字母始終還有幾個譯法和其他例外例子。詳情請參閱以下各個語言的相關條目。（由於韓語字母數量過於龐大，所以本表格只列出第一個字母） </p><p><br /> </p> <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td>羅馬化後</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="希臘語">希臘語</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="俄語">俄語</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E4%BE%86%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="希伯來語">希伯來語</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="阿拉伯語">阿拉伯語</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="日語">日語</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%87%E5%81%87%E5%90%8D" title="片假名">片假名</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%93%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="韓語">韓語</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>A</td> <td>A</td> <td>А</td> <td>ַ, ֲ, ָ </td> <td>دَ, دَ, ﺍ — ﺎ, دَىا </td> <td>ア</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>AI</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>י ַ</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>B</td> <td></td> <td>Б </td> <td>בּ</td> <td>ﺏ ﺑ ﺒ ﺐ </td> <td> </td> <td>ㅂ </td></tr> <tr> <td>CH</td> <td>Χ</td> <td>Ч</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>ㅊ </td></tr> <tr> <td>CHI</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>チ</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>D</td> <td>Δ</td> <td>Д</td> <td>ד </td> <td>ﺩ — ﺪ, ﺽ ﺿ ﻀ ﺾ </td> <td> </td> <td>ㄷ </td></tr> <tr> <td>DH</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td>ﺫ — ﺬ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>E</td> <td>Ε</td> <td>Э </td> <td>, ֱ, י ֵֶ, ֵ, י ֶ </td> <td></td> <td>エ</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>F</td> <td>Φ</td> <td>Ф </td> <td>פ (final ף )</td> <td>ﻑ ﻓ ﻔ ﻒ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>FU</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>フ</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>G</td> <td>Γ</td> <td>Г</td> <td>ג</td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td>ㄱ </td></tr> <tr> <td>GH</td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>ﻍ ﻏ ﻐ ﻎ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>H</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>ח, ה </td> <td>ﻩ ﻫ ﻬ ﻪ, ﺡ ﺣ ﺤ ﺢ </td> <td> </td> <td>ㅎ </td></tr> <tr> <td>HA</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>ハ</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>HE</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>ヘ</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>HI</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>ヒ</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>HO</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>ホ</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>I</td> <td>Η, Ι, Υ</td> <td>И </td> <td>ִ, י ִ</td> <td>دِ </td> <td>イ</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>IY</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td>دِي </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>J</td> <td></td> <td>Ж </td> <td> </td> <td>ﺝ ﺟ ﺠ ﺞ </td> <td> </td> <td>ㅈ </td></tr> <tr> <td>JJ</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>ㅉ </td></tr> <tr> <td>K</td> <td>Κ</td> <td>К </td> <td>כּ (final ךּ ), ק </td> <td>ﻙ ﻛ ﻜ ﻚ</td> <td> </td> <td>ㅋ </td></tr> <tr> <td>KA</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>カ</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>KE</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>ケ</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>KH</td> <td></td> <td>Х </td> <td>כ (final ך )</td> <td>ﺥ ﺧ ﺨ ﺦ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>KI</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>キ</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>KK</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>ㄲ </td></tr> <tr> <td>KO</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>コ</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>KU</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>ク</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>L</td> <td>Λ</td> <td>Л </td> <td>ל</td> <td>ﻝ ﻟ ﻠ ﻞ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>M</td> <td>Μ</td> <td>М </td> <td>מ (final ם )</td> <td>ﻡ ﻣ ﻤ ﻢ </td> <td> </td> <td>ㅁ </td></tr> <tr> <td>MA</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>マ</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ME</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>メ</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>MI</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>ミ</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>MO</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>モ</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>MU</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>ム</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>N</td> <td>Ν</td> <td>Н </td> <td>נ (final ן )</td> <td>ﻥ ﻧ ﻨ ﻦ </td> <td> </td> <td>ㄴ </td></tr> <tr> <td>NA</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>ナ</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>NE</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>ネ</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>NI</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>ニ</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>NO</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>ノ</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>NU</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>ヌ</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>O</td> <td>Ο, Ω</td> <td>О</td> <td>, ֳ, וֹֹ</td> <td> </td> <td>オ</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>P</td> <td>Π</td> <td>П </td> <td>פּ (final ףּ ) </td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td>ㅍ </td></tr> <tr> <td>PP</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>ㅃ </td></tr> <tr> <td>PS</td> <td>Ψ</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Q</td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>ﻕ ﻗ ﻘ ﻖ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>R</td> <td>Ρ</td> <td>Р</td> <td>ר</td> <td>ﺭ — ﺮ </td> <td> </td> <td>ㄹ </td></tr> <tr> <td>RA</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>ラ</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>RE</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>レ</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>RI</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>リ</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>RO</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>ロ</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>RU</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>ル</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>S</td> <td>Σ</td> <td>С</td> <td>ס, שֹ </td> <td>ﺱ ﺳ ﺴ ﺲ, ﺹ ﺻ ﺼ ﺺ </td> <td> </td> <td>ㅅ </td></tr> <tr> <td>SA</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>サ</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>SE</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>セ</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>SH</td> <td></td> <td>Ш </td> <td>ש</td> <td>ﺵ ﺷ ﺸ ﺶ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>SHCH</td> <td></td> <td>Щ</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>SHI</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>シ</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>SO</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>ソ</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>SS</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>ㅆ </td></tr> <tr> <td>SU</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>ス</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>T</td> <td>Τ</td> <td>Т</td> <td>ט, תּ, ת </td> <td>ﺕ ﺗ ﺘ ﺖ, ﻁ ﻃ ﻄ ﻂ </td> <td> </td> <td>ㅌ </td></tr> <tr> <td>TA</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>タ</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>TE</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>テ</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>TH</td> <td>Θ</td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td>ﺙ ﺛ ﺜ ﺚ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>TO</td> <td></td> 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<td> </td> <td>ヲ</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>X</td> <td>Ξ</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Y</td> <td></td> <td>Й, Ы </td> <td>י</td> <td>ﻱ ﻳ ﻴ ﻲ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>YA</td> <td></td> <td>Я</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>ヤ</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>YE</td> <td></td> <td>Е</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>YO</td> <td></td> <td>Ё</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>ヨ</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>YU</td> <td></td> <td>Ю</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>ユ</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Z</td> <td>Ζ</td> <td>З</td> <td>ז </td> <td>ﺯ — ﺰ, ﻅ ﻇ ﻈ ﻆ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ZH</td> <td></td> <td>Ж</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span>参见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210125013951/http://www.eki.ee/wgrs/rom1_he.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2021-01-25）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%8C%96&rft.btitle=REPORT+ON+THE+CURRENT+STATUS+OF+UNITED+NATIONS+ROMANIZATION+SYSTEMS+FOR+GEOGRAPHICAL+NAME&rft.date=2013-02&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eki.ee%2Fwgrs%2From1_he.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/romanization/hebrew.pdf">Hebrew and Yiddish</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. www.loc.gov. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2005-08-20</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210322094719/https://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/romanization/hebrew.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2021-03-22）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%8C%96&rft.atitle=Hebrew+and+Yiddish&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.loc.gov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Fcatdir%2Fcpso%2Fromanization%2Fhebrew.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040315080622/http://www.sanskrit-sanscrito.com.ar/english/sanskrit/sanskrit3part2.html">SANSKRIT 3 COMPARING TRANSLITERATION SYSTEMS</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2005-08-20</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sanskrit-sanscrito.com.ar/english/sanskrit/sanskrit3part2.html">原始内容</a>存档于2004-03-15）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%8C%96&rft.btitle=SANSKRIT+3+COMPARING+TRANSLITERATION+SYSTEMS&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sanskrit-sanscrito.com.ar%2Fenglish%2Fsanskrit%2Fsanskrit3part2.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">詳情請參閱：<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://homepage.ntlworld.com/stone-catend/trind.htm">Transliteration of Indic scripts: how to use ISO 15919</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20160414223033/http://homepage.ntlworld.com/stone-catend/trind.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/romanization/hindi.pdf">Hindi</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. www.loc.gov. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2005-08-20</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201210090626/http://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/romanization/hindi.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2020-12-10）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%8C%96&rft.atitle=Hindi&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.loc.gov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Fcatdir%2Fcpso%2Fromanization%2Fhindi.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070212100431/http://www.sanskrit-sanscrito.com.ar/english/sanskrit/sanskrit3.html">SANSKRIT 3 LEARNING THE INTERNATIONAL ALPHABET OF SANSKRIT TRANSLITERATION</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2006-11-20</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sanskrit-sanscrito.com.ar/english/sanskrit/sanskrit3.html">原始内容</a>存档于2007-02-12）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%8C%96&rft.btitle=SANSKRIT+3+LEARNING+THE+INTERNATIONAL+ALPHABET+OF+SANSKRIT+TRANSLITERATION&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sanskrit-sanscrito.com.ar%2Fenglish%2Fsanskrit%2Fsanskrit3.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040619125833/http://www.iqchina.com/going/pinyin2.asp">拼音转换查询</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2005-08-20</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iqchina.com/going/PinYin2.asp">原始内容</a>存档于2004-06-19）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%8C%96&rft.btitle=%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E8%BD%AC%E6%8D%A2%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%A2&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iqchina.com%2Fgoing%2FPinYin2.asp&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><br /><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.romanization.com/">Romanization.com a guide to Taiwan</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2005-08-20</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210317051558/http://www.romanization.com/">存档</a>于2021-03-17）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%8C%96&rft.btitle=Romanization.com+a+guide+to+Taiwan&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.romanization.com%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/romanization/chinese.pdf">Chinnese</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. www.loc.gov. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2005-08-20</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210323211425/https://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/romanization/chinese.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2021-03-23）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%8C%96&rft.atitle=Chinnese&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.loc.gov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Fcatdir%2Fcpso%2Fromanization%2Fchinese.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loc.gov/catdir/pinyin/romcover.html">New Chinese Romanization Guidelines</a>. www.loc.gov. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2005-08-20</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210414112759/https://www.loc.gov/catdir/pinyin/romcover.html">存档</a>于2021-04-14）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%8C%96&rft.atitle=New+Chinese+Romanization+Guidelines&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.loc.gov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Fcatdir%2Fpinyin%2Fromcover.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> 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<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">JOHN MURDOCH.Report on Christian Literature in China.Shanghai 1882.pp7-8,12,19-20</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/romanization/japanese.pdf">Japanese</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. www.loc.gov. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2005-08-20</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210420124841/https://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/romanization/japanese.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2021-04-20）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%8C%96&rft.atitle=Japanese&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.loc.gov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Fcatdir%2Fcpso%2Fromanization%2Fjapanese.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/romanization/korean.pdf">Korean</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. www.loc.gov. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2005-08-20</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210320070000/https://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/romanization/korean.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2021-03-20）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%8C%96&rft.atitle=Korean&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.loc.gov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Fcatdir%2Fcpso%2Fromanization%2Fkorean.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">兩個方案的分別：<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sori.org/hangul/romanizations.html#Roman_Intro">Hangul and Other Languages</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20130510131241/http://www.sori.org/hangul/romanizations.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/romanization/thai.pdf">The romanization table - thai</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2005-08-20</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081211094941/http://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/romanization/thai.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2008-12-11）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%8C%96&rft.btitle=The+romanization+table+-+thai&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Fcatdir%2Fcpso%2Fromanization%2Fthai.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/romanization/beloruss.pdf">Beloruss</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. www.loc.gov. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2005-08-20</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210115114859/https://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/romanization/beloruss.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2021-01-15）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%8C%96&rft.atitle=Beloruss&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.loc.gov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Fcatdir%2Fcpso%2Fromanization%2Fbeloruss.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span 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href="http://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/romanization/russian.pdf">Russian</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. www.loc.gov. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2005-08-20</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210425140000/https://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/romanization/russian.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2021-04-25）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%8C%96&rft.atitle=Russian&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.loc.gov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Fcatdir%2Fcpso%2Fromanization%2Frussian.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/romanization/ukrainia.pdf">Ukrainia</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. www.lov.gov. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2005-08-20</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210322085618/https://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/romanization/ukrainia.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2021-03-22）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%8C%96&rft.atitle=Ukrainia&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.lov.gov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Fcatdir%2Fcpso%2Fromanization%2Fukrainia.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050307110826/http://www.hostmaster.net.ua/docs/translit/tab_01.jpg">JPEG圖檔，以烏克蘭寫成</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2005-01-25</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hostmaster.net.ua/docs/translit/tab_01.jpg">原始内容</a>存档于2005-03-07）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%8C%96&rft.btitle=JPEG%E5%9C%96%E6%AA%94%EF%BC%8C%E4%BB%A5%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD%E5%AF%AB%E6%88%90&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hostmaster.net.ua%2Fdocs%2Ftranslit%2Ftab_01.jpg&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060103132708/http://www.eki.ee/wgrs/rom2_uk.pdf">REPORT ON THE CURRENT STATUS OF UNITED NATIONS ROMANIZATION SYSTEMS FOR GEOGRAPHICAL NAME</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. 2003-01 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2021-12-31</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eki.ee/wgrs/rom2_uk.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2006-01-03）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%8C%96&rft.btitle=REPORT+ON+THE+CURRENT+STATUS+OF+UNITED+NATIONS+ROMANIZATION+SYSTEMS+FOR+GEOGRAPHICAL+NAME&rft.date=2003-01&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eki.ee%2Fwgrs%2From2_uk.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">托馬士．彼得遜先生撰寫的五個系統對比：<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://transliteration.eki.ee/pdf/Ukrainian.pdf">Transliteration of Ukrainian</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210212012857/http://transliteration.eki.ee/pdf/Ukrainian.pdf">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041210021506/http://www.biology.uoc.gr/gvd/contents/databases/01c.htm">The Greek Vitis Database</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2005-01-25</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biology.uoc.gr/gvd/contents/databases/01c.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2004-12-10）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%8C%96&rft.btitle=The+Greek+Vitis+Database&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biology.uoc.gr%2Fgvd%2Fcontents%2Fdatabases%2F01c.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/romanization/greek.pdf">Greek</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. www.loc.gov. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2005-08-20</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110513233841/http://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/romanization/greek.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2011-05-13）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%8C%96&rft.atitle=Greek&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.loc.gov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Fcatdir%2Fcpso%2Fromanization%2Fgreek.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.80.A3.E7.B5.90"></span>外部連結</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%8C%96&action=edit&section=38" title="编辑章节：外部連結"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eki.ee/wgrs/">聯合國地名專家組－羅馬化系統工作組</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20080118050220/http://www.eki.ee/wgrs/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/roman.html">美國國會圖書館－羅馬化列表</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20120921055712/http://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/roman.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）（PDF文檔）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050820040650/http://www.people.cornell.edu/pages/rc235/Transliteration/demo.html">Java羅馬化程式</a></li> <li>尚有少量書籍附有羅馬化列表《ALA-LC Romanization Tables》Randall Barry (ed.), U.S. Library of Congress, 1997, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0844409405" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0844409405</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://transliteration.eki.ee/pdf/Belarusian.pdf">Thomas T. Pederson's chart</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20160409155647/http://transliteration.eki.ee/pdf/Belarusian.pdf">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li></ul> <div style="clear: both; height: 1em"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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class="mw-selflink selflink">罗马化</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">按出版机构 (多種语言)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ALA-LC羅馬化系統" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ALA-LC romanization"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ALA-LC%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%8C%96%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ALA-LC羅馬化系統（页面不存在）">ALA-LC羅馬化系統</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALA-LC_romanization" class="extiw" title="en:ALA-LC romanization"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ALA-LC romanization</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BGN/PCGN%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%8C%96%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="BGN/PCGN羅馬化系統">BGN/PCGN羅馬化系統</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="GOST 16876-71" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="GOST 16876-71"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=GOST_16876-71&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GOST 16876-71（页面不存在）">GOST 16876-71</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GOST_16876-71" class="extiw" title="en:GOST 16876-71"><span lang="en" dir="auto">GOST 16876-71</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E5%8C%96%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%8C%96%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="国际标准化组织拉丁化方案列表">国际标准化组织拉丁化方案列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E9%AD%AF%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="耶魯拼音">耶魯拼音</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">按语言或文字系統</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E8%8C%B2%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="吉茲字母">阿姆哈拉文拉丁化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E8%AA%9E%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%8C%96" title="阿拉伯語羅馬化">阿拉伯語羅馬化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E6%8B%89%E5%A7%86%E8%AA%9E" title="亞拉姆語">亞拉姆文拉丁化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9985" title="ISO 9985">亞美尼亞文拉丁化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%89%E6%96%87%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%8C%96" title="孟加拉文拉丁化">孟加拉文拉丁化</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="柏柏爾文拉丁化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Berber Latin alphabet"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9F%8F%E6%9F%8F%E7%88%BE%E6%96%87%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="柏柏爾文拉丁化（页面不存在）">柏柏爾文拉丁化</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berber_Latin_alphabet" class="extiw" title="en:Berber Latin alphabet"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Berber Latin alphabet</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="緬文拉丁化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Romanization of Burmese"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B7%AC%E6%96%87%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="緬文拉丁化（页面不存在）">緬文拉丁化</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization_of_Burmese" class="extiw" title="en:Romanization of Burmese"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Romanization of Burmese</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%8C%96" title="汉字拉丁化">汉字拉丁化</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="台灣的中文羅馬拼音">台灣的中文羅馬拼音</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="新加坡中文拉丁化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Chinese language romanisation in Singapore"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="新加坡中文拉丁化（页面不存在）">新加坡中文拉丁化</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_language_romanisation_in_Singapore" class="extiw" title="en:Chinese language romanisation in Singapore"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Chinese language romanisation in Singapore</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%B5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="粵語的拼音歷史">粵語的拼音歷史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%A9%E5%8D%97%E8%AA%9E%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%8C%96%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="閩南語拉丁化歷史">閩南語拉丁化</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="西里爾字母拉丁化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Romanization of Cyrillic"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C%E7%88%BE%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西里爾字母拉丁化（页面不存在）">西里爾字母拉丁化</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization_of_Cyrillic" class="extiw" title="en:Romanization of Cyrillic"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Romanization of Cyrillic</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%8C%96" title="烏克蘭語羅馬化">烏克蘭語羅馬化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E8%AF%AD%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%8C%96" title="白俄罗斯语罗马化">白俄羅斯语罗马化</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="保加利亞文拉丁化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Romanization of Bulgarian"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E6%96%87%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="保加利亞文拉丁化（页面不存在）">保加利亞文拉丁化</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization_of_Bulgarian" class="extiw" title="en:Romanization of Bulgarian"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Romanization of Bulgarian</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="西里爾字母非正式拉丁化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Informal romanizations of Cyrillic"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C%E7%88%BE%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E9%9D%9E%E6%AD%A3%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西里爾字母非正式拉丁化（页面不存在）">西里爾字母非正式拉丁化</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informal_romanizations_of_Cyrillic" class="extiw" title="en:Informal romanizations of Cyrillic"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Informal romanizations of Cyrillic</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%AF%E5%B0%94%E5%85%8B%E5%AD%9C%E8%AF%AD%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%8C%96" title="柯尔克孜语罗马化">柯爾克孜文拉丁化</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="馬其頓文拉丁化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Romanization of Macedonian"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%B6%E9%A0%93%E6%96%87%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="馬其頓文拉丁化（页面不存在）">馬其頓文拉丁化</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization_of_Macedonian" class="extiw" title="en:Romanization of Macedonian"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Romanization of Macedonian</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E8%AF%AD%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%8C%96" title="俄语罗马化">俄语罗马化</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="塞爾維亞文拉丁化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Romanization of Serbian"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A1%9E%E7%88%BE%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E%E6%96%87%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="塞爾維亞文拉丁化（页面不存在）">塞爾維亞文拉丁化</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization_of_Serbian" class="extiw" title="en:Romanization of Serbian"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Romanization of Serbian</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AC%E6%B2%BB%E4%BA%9E%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%8C%96" title="喬治亞字母羅馬化">喬治亞字母羅馬化</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="希臘文拉丁化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Romanization of Greek"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E6%96%87%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="希臘文拉丁化（页面不存在）">希臘文拉丁化</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization_of_Greek" class="extiw" title="en:Romanization of Greek"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Romanization of Greek</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="希伯來拉丁化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Romanization of Hebrew"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E4%BE%86%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="希伯來拉丁化（页面不存在）">希伯來拉丁化</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization_of_Hebrew" class="extiw" title="en:Romanization of Hebrew"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Romanization of Hebrew</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%8A%AA%E5%85%8B%E6%8F%90%E5%9C%96%E7%89%B9%E8%AA%9E%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%8C%96" title="伊努克提圖特語拉丁化">伊努克提圖特語拉丁化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%AF%AD%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%AD%97" title="日语罗马字">日语罗马字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E6%A3%89%E8%AF%AD%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%8C%96" title="高棉语罗马化">高棉语罗马化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%93%E8%AA%9E%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%AD%97%E8%A1%A8%E8%A8%98%E6%B3%95" title="韓語羅馬字表記法">朝鮮語拉丁化</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="老撾文拉丁化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Romanization of Lao"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%81%E6%92%BE%E6%96%87%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="老撾文拉丁化（页面不存在）">老撾文拉丁化</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization_of_Lao" class="extiw" title="en:Romanization of Lao"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Romanization of Lao</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="馬拉雅拉姆文拉丁化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Romanization of Malayalam"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A6%AC%E6%8B%89%E9%9B%85%E6%8B%89%E5%A7%86%E6%96%87%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="馬拉雅拉姆文拉丁化（页面不存在）">馬拉雅拉姆文拉丁化</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization_of_Malayalam" class="extiw" title="en:Romanization of Malayalam"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Romanization of Malayalam</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="迪維西文拉丁化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Romanization of Maldivian"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BF%AA%E7%B6%AD%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%87%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="迪維西文拉丁化（页面不存在）">迪維西文拉丁化</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization_of_Maldivian" class="extiw" title="en:Romanization of Maldivian"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Romanization of Maldivian</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%8C%96" title="波斯語拉丁化">波斯語拉丁化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%98%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E" title="敘利亞語">敘利亞文拉丁化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%96%87" title="藏文">藏文字母拉丁化</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="泰盧固文拉丁化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Romanization of Telugu"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%B0%E7%9B%A7%E5%9B%BA%E6%96%87%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="泰盧固文拉丁化（页面不存在）">泰盧固文拉丁化</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization_of_Telugu" class="extiw" title="en:Romanization of Telugu"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Romanization of Telugu</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="泰文拉丁化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Romanization of Thai"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%B0%E6%96%87%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="泰文拉丁化（页面不存在）">泰文拉丁化</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization_of_Thai" class="extiw" title="en:Romanization of Thai"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Romanization of Thai</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="烏爾都文拉丁化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Roman Urdu"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%83%8F%E7%88%BE%E9%83%BD%E6%96%87%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="烏爾都文拉丁化（页面不存在）">烏爾都文拉丁化</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Urdu" class="extiw" title="en:Roman Urdu"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Roman Urdu</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E7%BB%B4%E6%96%87" title="拉丁维文">拉丁维文</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E8%AA%9E%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="越南語字母">越南語拉丁化</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=罗马化&oldid=84206298">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=罗马化&oldid=84206298</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a 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