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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>State organisation of the Ottoman Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-State_organisation_of_the_Ottoman_Empire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_sultans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_sultans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>List of sultans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_sultans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a 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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 57 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-57" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">57 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17506997 badge-featuredlist mw-list-item" title="featured list badge"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="قائمة سلاطين الدولة العثمانية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قائمة سلاطين الدولة العثمانية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmanl%C4%B1_sultanlar%C4%B1n%C4%B1n_siyah%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Osmanlı sultanlarının siyahısı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Osmanlı sultanlarının siyahısı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="عثمانلی سولطان‌لاری‌نین لیستی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="عثمانلی سولطان‌لاری‌نین لیستی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE" title="উসমানীয় সাম্রাজ্যের সুলতানদের তালিকা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উসমানীয় সাম্রাজ্যের সুলতানদের তালিকা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D2%BB%D1%8B_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5" title="Ғосман империяһы солтандары исемлеге – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ғосман империяһы солтандары исемлеге" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Асманскія султаны – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Асманскія султаны" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%BA_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Списък на османските султани – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Списък на османските султани" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultani_Osmanskog_Carstva" title="Sultani Osmanskog Carstva – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Sultani Osmanskog Carstva" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roll_Sultaned_an_Impalaeriezh_Otoman" title="Roll Sultaned an Impalaeriezh Otoman – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Roll Sultaned an Impalaeriezh Otoman" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llista_de_sultans_otomans" title="Llista de sultans otomans – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llista de sultans otomans" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultaner_i_det_osmanniske_rige" title="Sultaner i det osmanniske rige – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Sultaner i det osmanniske rige" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17506997 badge-featuredlist mw-list-item" title="featured list badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_der_Sultane_des_Osmanischen_Reichs" title="Liste der Sultane des Osmanischen Reichs – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Liste der Sultane des Osmanischen Reichs" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrgi_riigipeade_loend" title="Türgi riigipeade loend – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Türgi riigipeade loend" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%A3%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BB%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BD_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%9F%CE%B8%CF%89%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE%CF%82_%CE%91%CF%85%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Κατάλογος Σουλτάνων της Οθωμανικής Αυτοκρατορίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κατάλογος Σουλτάνων της Οθωμανικής Αυτοκρατορίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sult%C3%A1n_otomano" title="Sultán otomano – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sultán otomano" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Listo_de_osmanidaj_imperiestroj" title="Listo de osmanidaj imperiestroj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Listo de osmanidaj imperiestroj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B7%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%B9%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="فهرست سلاطین امپراتوری عثمانی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فهرست سلاطین امپراتوری عثمانی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_des_souverains_ottomans" title="Liste des souverains ottomans – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Liste des souverains ottomans" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%A4%EC%8A%A4%EB%A7%8C_%EC%A0%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%9D%98_%EA%B5%B0%EC%A3%BC" title="오스만 제국의 군주 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="오스만 제국의 군주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%95%D5%BD%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%BD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AC%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB_%D6%81%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AF" title="Օսմանյան սուլթանների ցանկ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Օսմանյան սուլթանների ցանկ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Listo_pri_sultani_dil_Otoman_imperio" title="Listo pri sultani dil Otoman imperio – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Listo pri sultani dil Otoman imperio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daftar_sultan_Utsmaniyah" title="Daftar sultan Utsmaniyah – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Daftar sultan Utsmaniyah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrkjasold%C3%A1n" title="Tyrkjasoldán – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tyrkjasoldán" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultani_ottomani" title="Sultani ottomani – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sultani ottomani" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%98%D7%90%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%AA%27%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA" title="סולטאן האימפריה העות'מאנית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סולטאן האימפריה העות'מאנית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%97%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ოსმალეთის სულთნების სია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ოსმალეთის სულთნების სია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D1%81%D2%B1%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96" title="Османлы сұлтандарының тізімі – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Османлы сұлтандарының тізімі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orodha_ya_Masultani_Waosmani" title="Orodha ya Masultani Waosmani – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Orodha ya Masultani Waosmani" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osma%C5%86u_imp%C4%93rijas_sult%C4%81nu_uzskait%C4%ABjums" title="Osmaņu impērijas sultānu uzskaitījums – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Osmaņu impērijas sultānu uzskaitījums" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%85ra%C5%A1as:Osman%C5%B3_imperijos_sultonai" title="Sąrašas:Osmanų imperijos sultonai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Sąrašas:Osmanų imperijos sultonai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oszm%C3%A1n_uralkod%C3%B3k_list%C3%A1ja" title="Oszmán uralkodók listája – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Oszmán uralkodók listája" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Список на султани на Османлиското Царство – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Список на султани на Османлиското Царство" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%87" title="سلاطين الدوله العثمانيه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سلاطين الدوله العثمانيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senarai_Sultan_Empayar_Uthmaniyah" title="Senarai Sultan Empayar Uthmaniyah – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Senarai Sultan Empayar Uthmaniyah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lijst_van_Ottomaanse_sultans" title="Lijst van Ottomaanse sultans – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lijst van Ottomaanse sultans" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E3%81%AE%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB" title="オスマン帝国の君主 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="オスマン帝国の君主" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lista_dei_sultans_otomans" title="Lista dei sultans otomans – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Lista dei sultans otomans" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usmonli_imperiyasi_sultonlari" title="Usmonli imperiyasi sultonlari – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Usmonli imperiyasi sultonlari" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%DA%BA_%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%B9" title="عثمانی سلطاناں دی لسٹ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="عثمانی سلطاناں دی لسٹ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%B9%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%88_%D9%84%DA%93%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="د عثماني خلفاوو لړلیک – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د عثماني خلفاوو لړلیک" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adcy_Turcji" title="Władcy Turcji – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Władcy Turcji" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lista_de_sult%C3%B5es_do_Imp%C3%A9rio_Otomano" title="Lista de sultões do Império Otomano – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lista de sultões do Império Otomano" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lista_sultanilor_otomani" title="Lista sultanilor otomani – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Lista sultanilor otomani" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Список султанов Османской империи – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Список султанов Османской империи" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lista_e_sulltan%C3%ABve_t%C3%AB_Perandoris%C3%AB_Osmane" title="Lista e sulltanëve të Perandorisë Osmane – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Lista e sulltanëve të Perandorisë Osmane" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoznam_sult%C3%A1nov_Osmanskej_r%C3%AD%C5%A1e" title="Zoznam sultánov Osmanskej ríše – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Zoznam sultánov Osmanskej ríše" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seznam_sultanov_Osmanskega_cesarstva" title="Seznam sultanov Osmanskega cesarstva – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Seznam sultanov Osmanskega cesarstva" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3_%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Списак султана Османског царства – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Списак султана Османског царства" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lista_sultana_Osmanskog_Carstva" title="Lista sultana Osmanskog Carstva – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Lista sultana Osmanskog Carstva" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luettelo_Osmanien_valtakunnan_sulttaaneista" title="Luettelo Osmanien valtakunnan sulttaaneista – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Luettelo Osmanien valtakunnan sulttaaneista" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Госман империясе солтаннары – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Госман империясе солтаннары" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="รายพระนามสุลต่านแห่งออตโตมัน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รายพระนามสุลต่านแห่งออตโตมัน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr badge-Q17506997 badge-featuredlist mw-list-item" title="featured list badge"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmanl%C4%B1_padi%C5%9Fahlar%C4%B1_listesi" title="Osmanlı padişahları listesi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Osmanlı padişahları listesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%97_%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D1%97" title="Султани Османської імперії – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Султани Османської імперії" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%AA_%D8%B9%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%DB%81_%DA%A9%DB%92_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B7%DB%8C%D9%86_%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D9%81%DB%81%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="سلطنت عثمانیہ کے سلاطین کی فہرست – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سلطنت عثمانیہ کے سلاطین کی فہرست" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danh_s%C3%A1ch_sultan_c%E1%BB%A7a_%C4%91%E1%BA%BF_qu%E1%BB%91c_Ottoman" title="Danh sách sultan của đế quốc Ottoman – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Danh sách sultan của đế quốc Ottoman" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q17506997 badge-featuredlist mw-list-item" title="featured list badge"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E8%8B%8F%E4%B8%B9%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="奥斯曼帝国苏丹列表 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="奥斯曼帝国苏丹列表" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q203910#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li 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Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a featured list. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/20px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/30px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/40px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ottoman_Sultan&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman Sultan">Ottoman Sultan</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Monarchy of Ottoman Empire</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr">Sultan of <span class="country-name">the Ottoman Empire</span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight: bold;"><i>Osmanlı padişahı</i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight: bold;"><div style="font-family: serif; font-size: 90%; font-weight: bold; text-transform: uppercase; line-height: 125%; background-color: rgb(125,7,110); color: white;">Imperial</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_(1882%E2%80%931922).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281882%E2%80%931922%29.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281882%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281882%E2%80%931922%29.svg/180px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281882%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281882%E2%80%931922%29.svg/240px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281882%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1595" data-file-height="1906" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><b><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Coat of arms of the Ottoman Empire">Imperial Coat of arms</a></b> (from 1882)</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #eee;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sultan_Mehmed_VI_of_the_Ottoman_Empire.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Sultan_Mehmed_VI_of_the_Ottoman_Empire.jpg/200px-Sultan_Mehmed_VI_of_the_Ottoman_Empire.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Sultan_Mehmed_VI_of_the_Ottoman_Empire.jpg/300px-Sultan_Mehmed_VI_of_the_Ottoman_Empire.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Sultan_Mehmed_VI_of_the_Ottoman_Empire.jpg/400px-Sultan_Mehmed_VI_of_the_Ottoman_Empire.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3860" data-file-height="5146" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><b>Last to reign</b><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_VI" title="Mehmed VI">Mehmed VI</a></b><br />4 July 1918 – 1 November 1922</div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #eee;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #eee;">Details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Style</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/His_Imperial_Majesty" class="mw-redirect" title="His Imperial Majesty">His Imperial Majesty</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First monarch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Osman_I" title="Osman I">Osman I</a> (c. 1299–1323/4)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Last monarch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_VI" title="Mehmed VI">Mehmed VI</a> (1918–1922)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data">c. 1299</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Abolition</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Abolition_of_the_Ottoman_Sultanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Abolition of the Ottoman Sultanate">1 November 1922</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Residence</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_palaces_in_Istanbul" title="Ottoman palaces in Istanbul">Palaces in Istanbul</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eski_Saray" title="Eski Saray">Eski Saray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topkap%C4%B1_Palace" title="Topkapı Palace">Topkapı</a> (1460s–1853)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolmabah%C3%A7e_Palace" title="Dolmabahçe Palace">Dolmabahçe</a> (1853–1889; 1909–1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1z_Palace" title="Yıldız Palace">Yıldız</a> (1889–1909)</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Appointer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Line_of_succession_to_the_Ottoman_throne" class="mw-redirect" title="Line of succession to the Ottoman throne">Hereditary</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Imperial_standard_of_the_Ottoman_Sultan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Imperial_standard_of_the_Ottoman_Sultan.svg/240px-Imperial_standard_of_the_Ottoman_Sultan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Imperial_standard_of_the_Ottoman_Sultan.svg/360px-Imperial_standard_of_the_Ottoman_Sultan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Imperial_standard_of_the_Ottoman_Sultan.svg/480px-Imperial_standard_of_the_Ottoman_Sultan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Ottoman Imperial Standard</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ottoman_sultans_family_tree_(EN)_by_shakko.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Ottoman_sultans_family_tree_%28EN%29_by_shakko.jpg/80px-Ottoman_sultans_family_tree_%28EN%29_by_shakko.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="383" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Ottoman_sultans_family_tree_%28EN%29_by_shakko.jpg/120px-Ottoman_sultans_family_tree_%28EN%29_by_shakko.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Ottoman_sultans_family_tree_%28EN%29_by_shakko.jpg/160px-Ottoman_sultans_family_tree_%28EN%29_by_shakko.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2821" data-file-height="13515" /></a><figcaption>Family tree</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:OttomanEmpire1683.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/OttomanEmpire1683.png/240px-OttomanEmpire1683.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/OttomanEmpire1683.png/360px-OttomanEmpire1683.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/OttomanEmpire1683.png/480px-OttomanEmpire1683.png 2x" data-file-width="3596" data-file-height="2582" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> in 1683, at the height of its territorial expansion in Europe.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Sultan" title="Sultan">sultans</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> (<a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr">Osmanlı padişahları</i>), who were all members of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_dynasty" title="Ottoman dynasty">Ottoman dynasty</a> (House of Osman), ruled over the <a href="/wiki/Boundaries_between_the_continents" title="Boundaries between the continents">transcontinental</a> empire from its perceived inception in 1299 to <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire">its dissolution</a> in 1922. At its height, the Ottoman Empire spanned an area from <a href="/wiki/Budin_Eyalet" title="Budin Eyalet">Hungary</a> in the north to <a href="/wiki/Yemen_Eyalet" title="Yemen Eyalet">Yemen</a> in the south and from <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Algeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman Algeria">Algeria</a> in the west to <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Iraq" title="Ottoman Iraq">Iraq</a> in the east. Administered at first from the city of <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B6%C4%9F%C3%BCt" title="Söğüt">Söğüt</a> since before 1280 and then from the city of <a href="/wiki/Bursa" title="Bursa">Bursa</a> since 1323 or 1324, the empire's capital was moved to Adrianople (now known as <a href="/wiki/Edirne" title="Edirne">Edirne</a> in English) in 1363 following <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_conquest_of_Adrianople" title="Ottoman conquest of Adrianople">its conquest</a> by <a href="/wiki/Murad_I" title="Murad I">Murad I</a> and then to <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a> (present-day <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>) in 1453 following <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Constantinople" title="Fall of Constantinople">its conquest</a> by <a href="/wiki/Mehmed_the_Conqueror" class="mw-redirect" title="Mehmed the Conqueror">Mehmed II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Rise_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Rise of the Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire's early years</a> have been the subject of varying narratives, due to the difficulty of discerning fact from legend. The empire came into existence at the end of the 13th century, and its first ruler (and the namesake of the Empire) was <a href="/wiki/Osman_I" title="Osman I">Osman I</a>. According to later, often unreliable Ottoman tradition, Osman was a descendant of the <a href="/wiki/Kay%C4%B1_tribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Kayı tribe">Kayı tribe</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Oghuz_Turks" title="Oghuz Turks">Oghuz Turks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The eponymous Ottoman dynasty he founded endured for six centuries through the reigns of 36 sultans. The Ottoman Empire disappeared as a result of the defeat of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Powers" title="Central Powers">Central Powers</a>, with whom it had allied itself during <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Partition_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Partition of the Ottoman Empire">partitioning of the Empire</a> by the victorious <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_I" title="Allies of World War I">Allies</a> and the ensuing <a href="/wiki/Turkish_War_of_Independence" title="Turkish War of Independence">Turkish War of Independence</a> led to the <a href="/wiki/Abolition_of_the_Ottoman_sultanate" title="Abolition of the Ottoman sultanate">abolition of the sultanate</a> in 1922 and the birth of the modern <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Turkey">Republic of Turkey</a> in 1922.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Names">Names</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_sultans_of_the_Ottoman_Empire&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The sultan was also referred to as the <a href="/wiki/Padishah" title="Padishah">padishah</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Turkish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman Turkish language">Ottoman Turkish</a>: <span lang="ota" dir="rtl">پادشاه</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Ottoman_Turkish" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Ottoman Turkish">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Ottoman Turkish-language romanization"><i lang="ota-Latn">pâdişâh</i></span>, <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">Padichah</i>). In Ottoman usage the word "Padisha" was usually used except "sultan" was used when he was directly named.<sup id="cite_ref-Straussp4344_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Straussp4344-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In several European languages, he was referred to as the <i>Grand Turk</i>, as the ruler of the Turks,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or simply the "Great Lord" (<i>il Gran Signore</i>, <i>le grand seigneur</i>) especially in the 16th century. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Languages of the Ottoman Empire">Names of the sultan in languages used by ethnic minorities</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-Straussp4344_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Straussp4344-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: In some documents "padishah" was replaced by "<a href="/wiki/Malik" title="Malik">malik</a>" ("king")<sup id="cite_ref-Straussp4344_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Straussp4344-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_language" title="Bulgarian language">Bulgarian</a>: In earlier periods Bulgarian people called him the "<a href="/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar">tsar</a>". The translation of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Constitution_of_1876" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman Constitution of 1876">Ottoman Constitution of 1876</a> instead used direct translations of "sultan" (Sultan) and "padishah" (Padišax)<sup id="cite_ref-Straussp4344_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Straussp4344-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: In earlier periods the Greeks used the Byzantine Empire-style name "<a href="/wiki/Basileus" title="Basileus">basileus</a>". The translation of the Ottoman Constitution of 1876 instead used a direct transliterations of "sultan" (Σουλτάνος <i>Soultanos</i>) and "padishah" (ΠΑΔΙΣΑΧ <i>padisach</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-Straussp4344_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Straussp4344-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Spanish" title="Judaeo-Spanish">Judaeo-Spanish</a>: Especially in older documents, <i>El Rey</i> ("the king") was used. In addition some Ladino documents used <i>sultan</i> (in Hebrew characters: שולטן and סולטן).<sup id="cite_ref-Straussp4344_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Straussp4344-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="State_organisation_of_the_Ottoman_Empire">State organisation of the Ottoman Empire</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_sultans_of_the_Ottoman_Empire&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: State organisation of the Ottoman Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/State_organisation_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="State organisation of the Ottoman Empire">State organisation of the Ottoman Empire</a></div> <p>The Ottoman Empire was an <a href="/wiki/Absolute_monarchy" title="Absolute monarchy">absolute monarchy</a> during much of its existence. By the second half of the fifteenth century, the sultan sat at the apex of a hierarchical system and acted in political, military, judicial, social, and religious capacities under a variety of titles.<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_Titles2"><a href="#endnote_Titles2">[a]</a></sup> He was theoretically responsible only to <a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a> and <a href="/wiki/God%27s_law" class="mw-redirect" title="God's law">God's law</a> (the Islamic <span title="Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928)-language text"><span lang="ota-Arab" dir="rtl">شریعت</span></span> <i>şeriat</i>, known in Arabic as <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">شريعة</span></span> <i><a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">sharia</a></i>), of which he was the chief executor. His heavenly mandate (<a href="/wiki/Kut_(mythology)" title="Kut (mythology)">Kut</a>) was reflected in Islamic titles such as "shadow of God on Earth" (<span title="Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928)-language text"><span lang="ota-Arab" dir="rtl">ظل الله في العالم</span></span> <i>ẓıll Allāh fī'l-ʿalem</i>) and "caliph of the face of the earth" (<span title="Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928)-language text"><span lang="ota-Arab" dir="rtl">خلیفه روی زمین</span></span> <i>Ḫalife-i rū-yi zemīn</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-Findley_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Findley-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All offices were filled by his authority, and every law was issued by him in the form of a decree called <i><a href="/wiki/Firman_(decree)" class="mw-redirect" title="Firman (decree)">firman</a></i> (<span title="Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928)-language text"><span lang="ota-Arab" dir="rtl">فرمان</span></span>). He was the <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-chief" title="Commander-in-chief">supreme military commander</a> and had the official title to all land.<sup id="cite_ref-Ottoman_Institutions_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ottoman_Institutions-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Osman_I" title="Osman I">Osman</a> (died 1323/4) son of <a href="/wiki/Ertu%C4%9Frul" title="Ertuğrul">Ertuğrul</a> was the first ruler of the Ottoman state, which during his reign constituted a small principality (<i>beylik</i>) in the region of <a href="/wiki/Bithynia" title="Bithynia">Bithynia</a> on the frontier of the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a>. </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Constantinople" class="mw-redirect" title="Conquest of Constantinople">conquest of Constantinople</a> in 1453 by <a href="/wiki/Mehmed_II" title="Mehmed II">Mehmed II</a>, Ottoman sultans came to regard themselves as the successors of the Roman Empire, hence their occasional use of the titles <a href="/wiki/Caesar_(title)" title="Caesar (title)">caesar</a> (<span title="Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928)-language text"><span lang="ota-Arab" dir="rtl">قیصر</span></span> <i>qayser</i>) of <a href="/wiki/R%C3%BBm" class="mw-redirect" title="Rûm">Rûm</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Emperor" title="Emperor">emperor</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Findley_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Findley-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as the <a href="/wiki/Caliph" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliph">caliph</a> of Islam.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_Caliphate1"><a href="#endnote_Caliphate1">[b]</a></sup> Newly enthroned Ottoman rulers were girded with the <a href="/wiki/Sword_of_Osman" title="Sword of Osman">Sword of Osman</a>, an important ceremony that served as the equivalent of European monarchs' coronation.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A non-girded sultan was not eligible to have his children included in the line of succession.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although absolute in theory and in principle, the sultan's powers were limited in practice. Political decisions had to take into account the opinions and attitudes of important members of the dynasty, the bureaucratic and military establishments, as well as religious leaders.<sup id="cite_ref-Ottoman_Institutions_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ottoman_Institutions-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beginning in the last decades of the sixteenth century, the role of the Ottoman sultans in the government of the empire began to decrease, in a period known as the <a href="/wiki/Transformation_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Transformation of the Ottoman Empire">Transformation of the Ottoman Empire</a>. Despite being barred from inheriting the throne,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> women of the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_harem" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial harem">imperial harem</a>—especially the reigning sultan's mother, known as the <a href="/wiki/Valide_sultan" title="Valide sultan">valide sultan</a>—also played an important behind-the-scenes political role, effectively ruling the empire during the period known as the <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Women" title="Sultanate of Women">Sultanate of Women</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">Constitutionalism</a> was <a href="/wiki/First_Constitutional_Era_(Ottoman_Empire)" class="mw-redirect" title="First Constitutional Era (Ottoman Empire)">established</a> during the reign <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Hamid_II" title="Abdul Hamid II">Abdul Hamid II</a>, who thus became the empire's last absolute ruler and its reluctant first constitutional monarch.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although Abdul Hamid II abolished the <a href="/wiki/General_Assembly_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="General Assembly of the Ottoman Empire">parliament</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_constitution_of_1876" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman constitution of 1876">constitution</a> to return to personal rule in 1878, he was again forced in 1908 to <a href="/wiki/Second_Constitutional_Era_(Ottoman_Empire)" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Constitutional Era (Ottoman Empire)">reinstall constitutionalism</a> and was deposed. Since 2021, the head of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Osman" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Osman">House of Osman</a> has been <a href="/wiki/Harun_Osman" class="mw-redirect" title="Harun Osman">Harun Osman</a>, a great-grandson of <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Hamid_II" title="Abdul Hamid II">Abdul Hamid II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_sultans">List of sultans</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_sultans_of_the_Ottoman_Empire&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: List of sultans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sultans_of_the_Ottoman_Dynasty.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Sultans_of_the_Ottoman_Dynasty.jpg/220px-Sultans_of_the_Ottoman_Dynasty.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Sultans_of_the_Ottoman_Dynasty.jpg/330px-Sultans_of_the_Ottoman_Dynasty.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Sultans_of_the_Ottoman_Dynasty.jpg/440px-Sultans_of_the_Ottoman_Dynasty.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2976" data-file-height="2337" /></a><figcaption>Poster showing sultans of the Ottoman dynasty, from Osman I (upper left corner) to Mehmed V (large portrait in the center)</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_family_tree" title="Ottoman family tree">Ottoman family tree</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_burial_places_of_Ottoman_sultans" title="List of burial places of Ottoman sultans">List of burial places of Ottoman sultans</a></div> <p>The table below lists Ottoman sultans, as well as the last Ottoman caliph, in chronological order. The <a href="/wiki/Tughra" title="Tughra">tughras</a> were the calligraphic seals or signatures used by Ottoman sultans. They were displayed on all official documents as well as on coins, and were far more important in identifying a sultan than his portrait. The "Notes" column contains information on each sultan's parentage and fate. Early Ottomans practiced what historian Quataert has described as "<a href="/wiki/Survival_of_the_fittest" title="Survival of the fittest">survival of the fittest</a>, not eldest, son": when a sultan died, his sons had to fight each other for the throne until a victor emerged. Because of the infighting and numerous <a href="/wiki/Fratricide" title="Fratricide">fratricides</a> that occurred, there was often a time gap between a sultan's death date and the accession date of his successor.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1617, the <a href="/wiki/Line_of_succession_to_the_Ottoman_throne" class="mw-redirect" title="Line of succession to the Ottoman throne">law of succession</a> changed from survival of the fittest to a system based on <a href="/wiki/Agnatic_seniority" title="Agnatic seniority">agnatic seniority</a> (<span title="Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928)-language text"><span lang="ota-Arab" dir="rtl">اکبریت</span></span> <i>ekberiyet</i>), whereby the throne went to the oldest male of the family. This in turn explains why from the 17th century onwards a deceased sultan was rarely succeeded by his own son, but usually by an uncle or brother.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Agnatic seniority was retained until the <a href="/wiki/Abolition_of_the_Ottoman_Sultanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Abolition of the Ottoman Sultanate">abolition of the sultanate</a>, despite unsuccessful attempts in the 19th century to replace it with <a href="/wiki/Primogeniture" title="Primogeniture">primogeniture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Note that pretenders and co-claimants during the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Interregnum" title="Ottoman Interregnum">Ottoman Interregnum</a> are also listed here, but they are not included in the formal numbering of sultans. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th width="5%">No. </th> <th width="12%">Sultan </th> <th width="80px">Portrait </th> <th width="28%">Reign </th> <th width="80px"><a href="/wiki/Tughra" title="Tughra">Tughra</a> </th> <th width="30%">Notes </th> <th width="100px">Coinage </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7" style="background:#B9B9B9"><a href="/wiki/Rise_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Rise of the Ottoman Empire">Rise of the Ottoman Empire</a><br /><small>(1299 – 1453)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Osman_I" title="Osman I">Osman I</a></b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:I_Osman.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/I_Osman.jpg/100px-I_Osman.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/I_Osman.jpg/150px-I_Osman.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/I_Osman.jpg/200px-I_Osman.jpg 2x" data-file-width="429" data-file-height="679" /></a></span> </td> <td><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1299 – c. 1324<sup id="cite_ref-Basic_Books_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Basic_Books-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><small>(25 years~)</small> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_Tughra1"><a href="#endnote_Tughra1">[c]</a></sup> </td> <td align="left"> <ul><li>Son of <a href="/wiki/Ertu%C4%9Frul" title="Ertuğrul">Ertuğrul Bey</a><sup id="cite_ref-coin_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-coin-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and an unknown woman.<sup id="cite_ref-lm_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lm-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Reigned until his death.</li></ul> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Osman_Gazi_Coin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Osman_Gazi_Coin.jpg/180px-Osman_Gazi_Coin.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Osman_Gazi_Coin.jpg/270px-Osman_Gazi_Coin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Osman_Gazi_Coin.jpg/360px-Osman_Gazi_Coin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="596" data-file-height="290" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Orhan" title="Orhan">Orhan</a></b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Metehanzade_orhangazi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Metehanzade_orhangazi.jpg/100px-Metehanzade_orhangazi.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Metehanzade_orhangazi.jpg/150px-Metehanzade_orhangazi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Metehanzade_orhangazi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="195" data-file-height="307" /></a></span> </td> <td>c. 1324 – March 1362<br /><small>(38 years~)</small> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tughra_of_Orhan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tughra of Orhan"><img alt="Tughra of Orhan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Tughra_of_Orhan.svg/100px-Tughra_of_Orhan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Tughra_of_Orhan.svg/150px-Tughra_of_Orhan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Tughra_of_Orhan.svg/200px-Tughra_of_Orhan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="357" data-file-height="252" /></a></span> </td> <td align="left"> <ul><li>Son of Osman I and <a href="/wiki/Malhun_Hatun" title="Malhun Hatun">Malhun Hatun</a> (unclear).<sup id="cite_ref-lm_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lm-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Reigned until his death.</li></ul> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Orhan_Gazi_Ak%C3%A7e.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Orhan_Gazi_Ak%C3%A7e.jpg/180px-Orhan_Gazi_Ak%C3%A7e.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Orhan_Gazi_Ak%C3%A7e.jpg/270px-Orhan_Gazi_Ak%C3%A7e.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Orhan_Gazi_Ak%C3%A7e.jpg/360px-Orhan_Gazi_Ak%C3%A7e.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2648" data-file-height="1156" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Murad_I" title="Murad I">Murad I</a></b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_Caliphate2"><a href="#endnote_Caliphate2">[b]</a></sup> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Murad_I.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Murad_I.jpg/100px-Murad_I.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Murad_I.jpg/150px-Murad_I.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Murad_I.jpg/200px-Murad_I.jpg 2x" data-file-width="386" data-file-height="614" /></a></span> </td> <td>March 1362 – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kosovo" title="Battle of Kosovo">15 June 1389</a><br /><small>(27 years, 3 months)</small> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tughra_of_Murad_I.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tughra of Murad I"><img alt="Tughra of Murad I" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Tughra_of_Murad_I.svg/100px-Tughra_of_Murad_I.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Tughra_of_Murad_I.svg/150px-Tughra_of_Murad_I.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Tughra_of_Murad_I.svg/200px-Tughra_of_Murad_I.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="342" data-file-height="238" /></a></span> </td> <td align="left"> <ul><li>Son of Orhan and <a href="/wiki/Nil%C3%BCfer_Hatun" title="Nilüfer Hatun">Nilüfer Hatun</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-lm_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lm-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Reigned until his death.</li> <li>Killed on the battlefield at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kosovo" title="Battle of Kosovo">Battle of Kosovo on June 15, 1389</a>.</li></ul> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1555_osmanli_1_murat_nm_nd.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/1555_osmanli_1_murat_nm_nd.jpg/180px-1555_osmanli_1_murat_nm_nd.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/1555_osmanli_1_murat_nm_nd.jpg/270px-1555_osmanli_1_murat_nm_nd.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/1555_osmanli_1_murat_nm_nd.jpg/360px-1555_osmanli_1_murat_nm_nd.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Bayezid_I" title="Bayezid I">Bayezid I</a></b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Baiazeth._P._IIII.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Baiazeth._P._IIII.jpg/100px-Baiazeth._P._IIII.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Baiazeth._P._IIII.jpg/150px-Baiazeth._P._IIII.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Baiazeth._P._IIII.jpg/200px-Baiazeth._P._IIII.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1412" data-file-height="1721" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kosovo" title="Battle of Kosovo">15 June 1389</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ankara" title="Battle of Ankara">20 July 1402</a><br /><small>(<span data-sort-value="7003478200000000000♠"></span>13 years, 35 days)</small> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tughra_of_Bayezid_I.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tughra of Bayezid I"><img alt="Tughra of Bayezid I" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Tughra_of_Bayezid_I.svg/100px-Tughra_of_Bayezid_I.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Tughra_of_Bayezid_I.svg/150px-Tughra_of_Bayezid_I.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Tughra_of_Bayezid_I.svg/200px-Tughra_of_Bayezid_I.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="435" data-file-height="218" /></a></span> </td> <td align="left"> <ul><li>Son of Murad I and <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCl%C3%A7i%C3%A7ek_Hatun" title="Gülçiçek Hatun">Gülçiçek Hatun</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-lm_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lm-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Captured on the battlefield at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ankara" title="Battle of Ankara">Battle of Ankara</a> against <a href="/wiki/Timur" title="Timur">Timur</a>.</li> <li>Died in captivity in <a href="/wiki/Ak%C5%9Fehir" title="Akşehir">Akşehir</a> on 8 March 1403.</li></ul> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bayezid_I_AR_akce.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Bayezid_I_AR_akce.png/180px-Bayezid_I_AR_akce.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Bayezid_I_AR_akce.png/270px-Bayezid_I_AR_akce.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Bayezid_I_AR_akce.png/360px-Bayezid_I_AR_akce.png 2x" data-file-width="868" data-file-height="448" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7" style="background:#B9B9B9"><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Interregnum" title="Ottoman Interregnum">Ottoman Interregnum</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_Interregnum"><a href="#endnote_Interregnum">[d]</a></sup><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ankara" title="Battle of Ankara">20 July 1402</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_%C3%87amurlu" title="Battle of Çamurlu">5 July 1413</a>)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0sa_%C3%87elebi" title="İsa Çelebi">İsa Çelebi</a></i> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%C4%B0sa_%C3%87elebi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/%C4%B0sa_%C3%87elebi.jpg/100px-%C4%B0sa_%C3%87elebi.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/%C4%B0sa_%C3%87elebi.jpg/150px-%C4%B0sa_%C3%87elebi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/%C4%B0sa_%C3%87elebi.jpg/200px-%C4%B0sa_%C3%87elebi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="397" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> </td> <td>January – March/May 1403<br /><small>(3–5 months)</small> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td align="left"> <ul><li>Co-sultan of Anatolia</li> <li>After the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ankara" title="Battle of Ankara">Battle of Ankara</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0sa_%C3%87elebi" title="İsa Çelebi">İsa Çelebi</a> defeated <a href="/wiki/Musa_%C3%87elebi" title="Musa Çelebi">Musa Çelebi</a> and took the western Anatolian territories for approximately two years.</li> <li>Defeated by <a href="/wiki/Mehmed_%C3%87elebi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mehmed Çelebi">Mehmed Çelebi</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ulubad" title="Battle of Ulubad">Battle of Ulubad</a> in March or May 1403.</li> <li>Strangled in September 1403.</li></ul> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCleyman_%C3%87elebi" title="Süleyman Çelebi">Süleyman Çelebi</a></i> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arolsen_Klebeband_01_449_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Arolsen_Klebeband_01_449_4.jpg/100px-Arolsen_Klebeband_01_449_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Arolsen_Klebeband_01_449_4.jpg/150px-Arolsen_Klebeband_01_449_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Arolsen_Klebeband_01_449_4.jpg/200px-Arolsen_Klebeband_01_449_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="622" data-file-height="735" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ankara" title="Battle of Ankara">20 July 1402</a> –<br />17 February 1411<sup id="cite_ref-Jor09_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jor09-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><small>(<span data-sort-value="7003313400000000000♠"></span>8 years, 212 days)</small> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Em%C3%AEr_S%C3%BCleyman_%C3%87elebi%E2%80%99nin_m%C3%BChr%C3%BC.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Em%C3%AEr_S%C3%BCleyman_%C3%87elebi%E2%80%99nin_m%C3%BChr%C3%BC.png/100px-Em%C3%AEr_S%C3%BCleyman_%C3%87elebi%E2%80%99nin_m%C3%BChr%C3%BC.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Em%C3%AEr_S%C3%BCleyman_%C3%87elebi%E2%80%99nin_m%C3%BChr%C3%BC.png/150px-Em%C3%AEr_S%C3%BCleyman_%C3%87elebi%E2%80%99nin_m%C3%BChr%C3%BC.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Em%C3%AEr_S%C3%BCleyman_%C3%87elebi%E2%80%99nin_m%C3%BChr%C3%BC.png/200px-Em%C3%AEr_S%C3%BCleyman_%C3%87elebi%E2%80%99nin_m%C3%BChr%C3%BC.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="544" /></a></span> </td> <td align="left"> <ul><li>Acquired the title of <i>The Sultan of <a href="/wiki/Rumelia" title="Rumelia">Rumelia</a></i> for the European portion of the empire, a short period after the Ottoman defeat at Ankara.</li> <li>Murdered on 17 February 1411.<sup id="cite_ref-Jor09_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jor09-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:S%C3%BCleyman_%C3%87elebi_coin_1404.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/S%C3%BCleyman_%C3%87elebi_coin_1404.png/180px-S%C3%BCleyman_%C3%87elebi_coin_1404.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/S%C3%BCleyman_%C3%87elebi_coin_1404.png/270px-S%C3%BCleyman_%C3%87elebi_coin_1404.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/S%C3%BCleyman_%C3%87elebi_coin_1404.png/360px-S%C3%BCleyman_%C3%87elebi_coin_1404.png 2x" data-file-width="1376" data-file-height="716" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Musa_%C3%87elebi" title="Musa Çelebi">Musa Çelebi</a></i> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paolo_Veronese_(Nachfolger)_-_Bildnis_des_Sultans_Moise_-_2238_-_Bavarian_State_Painting_Collections.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Paolo_Veronese_%28Nachfolger%29_-_Bildnis_des_Sultans_Moise_-_2238_-_Bavarian_State_Painting_Collections.jpg/100px-Paolo_Veronese_%28Nachfolger%29_-_Bildnis_des_Sultans_Moise_-_2238_-_Bavarian_State_Painting_Collections.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Paolo_Veronese_%28Nachfolger%29_-_Bildnis_des_Sultans_Moise_-_2238_-_Bavarian_State_Painting_Collections.jpg/150px-Paolo_Veronese_%28Nachfolger%29_-_Bildnis_des_Sultans_Moise_-_2238_-_Bavarian_State_Painting_Collections.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Paolo_Veronese_%28Nachfolger%29_-_Bildnis_des_Sultans_Moise_-_2238_-_Bavarian_State_Painting_Collections.jpg/200px-Paolo_Veronese_%28Nachfolger%29_-_Bildnis_des_Sultans_Moise_-_2238_-_Bavarian_State_Painting_Collections.jpg 2x" data-file-width="709" data-file-height="922" /></a></span> </td> <td>18 February 1411 –<br />5 July 1413<sup id="cite_ref-vonH_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vonH-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><small>(<span data-sort-value="7002868000000000000♠"></span>2 years, 137 days)</small> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td align="left"> <ul><li>Acquired the title of <i>The Sultan of <a href="/wiki/Rumelia" title="Rumelia">Rumelia</a></i> for the European portion of the empire<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on 18 February 1411, just after the death of <a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCleyman_%C3%87elebi" title="Süleyman Çelebi">Süleyman Çelebi</a>.</li> <li>Killed on 5 July 1413 by <a href="/wiki/Mehmed_%C3%87elebi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mehmed Çelebi">Mehmed Çelebi</a>'s forces in the battle of <i>Çamurlu Derbent</i> near <a href="/wiki/Samokov" title="Samokov">Samokov</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-vonH_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vonH-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ak%C3%A7e_-_Musa_%C3%87elebi.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Ak%C3%A7e_-_Musa_%C3%87elebi.png/180px-Ak%C3%A7e_-_Musa_%C3%87elebi.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Ak%C3%A7e_-_Musa_%C3%87elebi.png/270px-Ak%C3%A7e_-_Musa_%C3%87elebi.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Ak%C3%A7e_-_Musa_%C3%87elebi.png/360px-Ak%C3%A7e_-_Musa_%C3%87elebi.png 2x" data-file-width="1238" data-file-height="598" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_I" title="Mehmed I"><i>Mehmed Çelebi</i></a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mehmed_I_miniature.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Mehmed_I_miniature.jpg/100px-Mehmed_I_miniature.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Mehmed_I_miniature.jpg/150px-Mehmed_I_miniature.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Mehmed_I_miniature.jpg/200px-Mehmed_I_miniature.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1390" /></a></span> </td> <td>1403 – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_%C3%87amurlu" title="Battle of Çamurlu">5 July 1413</a><br /><small>(10 years)</small> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td align="left"> <ul><li>Acquired the control of Eastern <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a> as co-Sultan after the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ankara" title="Battle of Ankara">Battle of Ankara</a>.</li> <li>Defeated <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0sa_%C3%87elebi" title="İsa Çelebi">İsa Çelebi</a> in the battle of <a href="/wiki/Ulubat" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulubat">Ulubat</a> in 1405.</li> <li>Became the sole ruler of Anatolia upon İsa's death in 1406.</li> <li>Acquired the title of <a href="/wiki/Mehmed_I" title="Mehmed I">Ottoman Sultan Mehmed I Khan</a> upon <a href="/wiki/Musa_%C3%87elebi" title="Musa Çelebi">Musa</a>'s death.</li></ul> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ak%C3%A7e_-_Mehmed_%C3%87elebi_in_the_name_of_Timur.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Ak%C3%A7e_-_Mehmed_%C3%87elebi_in_the_name_of_Timur.png/180px-Ak%C3%A7e_-_Mehmed_%C3%87elebi_in_the_name_of_Timur.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Ak%C3%A7e_-_Mehmed_%C3%87elebi_in_the_name_of_Timur.png/270px-Ak%C3%A7e_-_Mehmed_%C3%87elebi_in_the_name_of_Timur.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Ak%C3%A7e_-_Mehmed_%C3%87elebi_in_the_name_of_Timur.png/360px-Ak%C3%A7e_-_Mehmed_%C3%87elebi_in_the_name_of_Timur.png 2x" data-file-width="638" data-file-height="350" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7" style="background:#B9B9B9">Sultanate resumed </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_I" title="Mehmed I">Mehmed I</a></b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mehmed_I_miniature.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Mehmed_I_miniature.jpg/100px-Mehmed_I_miniature.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Mehmed_I_miniature.jpg/150px-Mehmed_I_miniature.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Mehmed_I_miniature.jpg/200px-Mehmed_I_miniature.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1390" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_%C3%87amurlu" title="Battle of Çamurlu">5 July 1413</a> – 26 May 1421<br /><small>(<span data-sort-value="7003288200000000000♠"></span>7 years, 325 days)</small> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tughra_of_Mehmed_I.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tughra of Mehmed I"><img alt="Tughra of Mehmed I" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Tughra_of_Mehmed_I.svg/100px-Tughra_of_Mehmed_I.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Tughra_of_Mehmed_I.svg/150px-Tughra_of_Mehmed_I.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Tughra_of_Mehmed_I.svg/200px-Tughra_of_Mehmed_I.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="421" data-file-height="229" /></a></span> </td> <td align="left"> <ul><li>Son of Bayezid I and <a href="/wiki/Devlet_Hatun" title="Devlet Hatun">Devlet Hatun</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-lm_21-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lm-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Reigned until his death.</li></ul> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_%C3%87elebi" title="Mustafa Çelebi">Mustafa Çelebi</a></i> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td>January 1419 – May 1422<br /><small>(3 years, 4 months)</small> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td align="left"> <ul><li>Sultan of Rumelia</li> <li>Son of <a href="/wiki/Bayezid_I" title="Bayezid I">Bayezid I</a></li> <li>Executed by <a href="/wiki/Murad_II" title="Murad II">Murad II</a></li></ul> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ak%C3%A7e_-_Mustafa_%C3%87elebi.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Ak%C3%A7e_-_Mustafa_%C3%87elebi.png/180px-Ak%C3%A7e_-_Mustafa_%C3%87elebi.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Ak%C3%A7e_-_Mustafa_%C3%87elebi.png/270px-Ak%C3%A7e_-_Mustafa_%C3%87elebi.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Ak%C3%A7e_-_Mustafa_%C3%87elebi.png/360px-Ak%C3%A7e_-_Mustafa_%C3%87elebi.png 2x" data-file-width="1790" data-file-height="750" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Murad_II" title="Murad II">Murad II</a></b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paolo_Veronese_(Nachfolger)_-_Sultan_Murad_II._-_2237_-_Bavarian_State_Painting_Collections.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Paolo_Veronese_%28Nachfolger%29_-_Sultan_Murad_II._-_2237_-_Bavarian_State_Painting_Collections.jpg/100px-Paolo_Veronese_%28Nachfolger%29_-_Sultan_Murad_II._-_2237_-_Bavarian_State_Painting_Collections.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Paolo_Veronese_%28Nachfolger%29_-_Sultan_Murad_II._-_2237_-_Bavarian_State_Painting_Collections.jpg/150px-Paolo_Veronese_%28Nachfolger%29_-_Sultan_Murad_II._-_2237_-_Bavarian_State_Painting_Collections.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Paolo_Veronese_%28Nachfolger%29_-_Sultan_Murad_II._-_2237_-_Bavarian_State_Painting_Collections.jpg/200px-Paolo_Veronese_%28Nachfolger%29_-_Sultan_Murad_II._-_2237_-_Bavarian_State_Painting_Collections.jpg 2x" data-file-width="661" data-file-height="859" /></a></span> </td> <td>25 June 1421 –<br />August 1444<br /><small>(23 years, 2 months)</small> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tughra_of_Murad_II.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tughra of Murad II"><img alt="Tughra of Murad II" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Tughra_of_Murad_II.svg/100px-Tughra_of_Murad_II.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Tughra_of_Murad_II.svg/150px-Tughra_of_Murad_II.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Tughra_of_Murad_II.svg/200px-Tughra_of_Murad_II.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="421" data-file-height="229" /></a></span> </td> <td align="left"> <ul><li>Son of Mehmed I and <a href="/wiki/Emine_Hatun" title="Emine Hatun">Emine Hatun</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-lm_21-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lm-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Abdicated of his own free will in favour of his son <a href="/wiki/Mehmed_II" title="Mehmed II">Mehmed II</a>.</li></ul> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ak%C3%A7e_of_Murad_II_Obverse.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Ak%C3%A7e_of_Murad_II_Obverse.JPG/80px-Ak%C3%A7e_of_Murad_II_Obverse.JPG" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Ak%C3%A7e_of_Murad_II_Obverse.JPG/120px-Ak%C3%A7e_of_Murad_II_Obverse.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Ak%C3%A7e_of_Murad_II_Obverse.JPG/160px-Ak%C3%A7e_of_Murad_II_Obverse.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ak%C3%A7e_of_Murad_II_Reverse.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Ak%C3%A7e_of_Murad_II_Reverse.JPG/80px-Ak%C3%A7e_of_Murad_II_Reverse.JPG" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Ak%C3%A7e_of_Murad_II_Reverse.JPG/120px-Ak%C3%A7e_of_Murad_II_Reverse.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Ak%C3%A7e_of_Murad_II_Reverse.JPG/160px-Ak%C3%A7e_of_Murad_II_Reverse.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_II" title="Mehmed II">Mehmed II</a></b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bellini,_Gentile_-_Sultan_Mehmet_II.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Bellini%2C_Gentile_-_Sultan_Mehmet_II.jpg/100px-Bellini%2C_Gentile_-_Sultan_Mehmet_II.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Bellini%2C_Gentile_-_Sultan_Mehmet_II.jpg/150px-Bellini%2C_Gentile_-_Sultan_Mehmet_II.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Bellini%2C_Gentile_-_Sultan_Mehmet_II.jpg/200px-Bellini%2C_Gentile_-_Sultan_Mehmet_II.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3132" data-file-height="4226" /></a></span> </td> <td>August 1444 –<br />September 1446<br /><small>(2 years, 1 month)</small> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tughra_of_Mehmed_II.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tughra of Mehmed II"><img alt="Tughra of Mehmed II" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Tughra_of_Mehmed_II.svg/100px-Tughra_of_Mehmed_II.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Tughra_of_Mehmed_II.svg/150px-Tughra_of_Mehmed_II.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Tughra_of_Mehmed_II.svg/200px-Tughra_of_Mehmed_II.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="357" data-file-height="252" /></a></span> </td> <td align="left"> <ul><li>First reign</li> <li>Son of Murad II and <a href="/wiki/H%C3%BCma_Hatun" title="Hüma Hatun">Hüma Hatun</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-lm_21-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lm-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Surrendered the throne to his father after having asked him to return to power, along with rising threats from Janissaries.</li></ul> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Akce_-_Mehmed_II_First_reign.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Akce_-_Mehmed_II_First_reign.png/180px-Akce_-_Mehmed_II_First_reign.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Akce_-_Mehmed_II_First_reign.png/270px-Akce_-_Mehmed_II_First_reign.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Akce_-_Mehmed_II_First_reign.png/360px-Akce_-_Mehmed_II_First_reign.png 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="1736" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>(6) </td> <td><b>Murad II</b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paolo_Veronese_(Nachfolger)_-_Sultan_Murad_II._-_2237_-_Bavarian_State_Painting_Collections.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Paolo_Veronese_%28Nachfolger%29_-_Sultan_Murad_II._-_2237_-_Bavarian_State_Painting_Collections.jpg/100px-Paolo_Veronese_%28Nachfolger%29_-_Sultan_Murad_II._-_2237_-_Bavarian_State_Painting_Collections.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Paolo_Veronese_%28Nachfolger%29_-_Sultan_Murad_II._-_2237_-_Bavarian_State_Painting_Collections.jpg/150px-Paolo_Veronese_%28Nachfolger%29_-_Sultan_Murad_II._-_2237_-_Bavarian_State_Painting_Collections.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Paolo_Veronese_%28Nachfolger%29_-_Sultan_Murad_II._-_2237_-_Bavarian_State_Painting_Collections.jpg/200px-Paolo_Veronese_%28Nachfolger%29_-_Sultan_Murad_II._-_2237_-_Bavarian_State_Painting_Collections.jpg 2x" data-file-width="661" data-file-height="859" /></a></span> </td> <td>September 1446 –<br />3 February 1451<br /><small>(4 years, 5 months)</small> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tughra_of_Murad_II.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tughra of Murad II"><img alt="Tughra of Murad II" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Tughra_of_Murad_II.svg/100px-Tughra_of_Murad_II.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Tughra_of_Murad_II.svg/150px-Tughra_of_Murad_II.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Tughra_of_Murad_II.svg/200px-Tughra_of_Murad_II.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="421" data-file-height="229" /></a></span> </td> <td align="left"> <ul><li>Second reign</li> <li>Forced to return to the throne following a <a href="/wiki/Janissary" title="Janissary">Janissary</a> insurgence.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Reigned until his death.</li></ul> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7" style="background:#B9B9B9"><a href="/wiki/Growth_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Growth of the Ottoman Empire">Growth of the Ottoman Empire</a><br /><small>(1453–1550)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td>(7) </td> <td><b>Mehmed II</b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bellini,_Gentile_-_Sultan_Mehmet_II.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Bellini%2C_Gentile_-_Sultan_Mehmet_II.jpg/100px-Bellini%2C_Gentile_-_Sultan_Mehmet_II.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Bellini%2C_Gentile_-_Sultan_Mehmet_II.jpg/150px-Bellini%2C_Gentile_-_Sultan_Mehmet_II.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Bellini%2C_Gentile_-_Sultan_Mehmet_II.jpg/200px-Bellini%2C_Gentile_-_Sultan_Mehmet_II.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3132" data-file-height="4226" /></a></span> </td> <td>3 February 1451 –<br />3 May 1481<br /><small>(<span data-sort-value="7004110470000000000♠"></span>30 years, 89 days)</small> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tughra_of_Mehmed_II.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tughra of Mehmed II"><img alt="Tughra of Mehmed II" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Tughra_of_Mehmed_II.svg/100px-Tughra_of_Mehmed_II.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Tughra_of_Mehmed_II.svg/150px-Tughra_of_Mehmed_II.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Tughra_of_Mehmed_II.svg/200px-Tughra_of_Mehmed_II.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="357" data-file-height="252" /></a></span> </td> <td align="left"> <ul><li>Second reign</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Constantinople" title="Fall of Constantinople">Conquered Constantinople</a> in 1453.</li> <li>Reigned until his death.</li></ul> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coin_of_Mehmed_II_1451,_second_reign.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Coin_of_Mehmed_II_1451%2C_second_reign.png/180px-Coin_of_Mehmed_II_1451%2C_second_reign.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Coin_of_Mehmed_II_1451%2C_second_reign.png/270px-Coin_of_Mehmed_II_1451%2C_second_reign.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Coin_of_Mehmed_II_1451%2C_second_reign.png/360px-Coin_of_Mehmed_II_1451%2C_second_reign.png 2x" data-file-width="687" data-file-height="349" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Bayezid_II" title="Bayezid II">Bayezid II</a></b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Beyazid_II.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Beyazid_II.jpg/100px-Beyazid_II.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Beyazid_II.jpg/150px-Beyazid_II.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Beyazid_II.jpg/200px-Beyazid_II.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2080" data-file-height="3048" /></a></span> </td> <td>19 May 1481 –<br />25 April 1512<br /><small>(<span data-sort-value="7004112980000000000♠"></span>30 years, 342 days)</small> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tughra_of_Bayezid_II.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tughra of Bayezid II"><img alt="Tughra of Bayezid II" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Tughra_of_Bayezid_II.svg/100px-Tughra_of_Bayezid_II.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Tughra_of_Bayezid_II.svg/150px-Tughra_of_Bayezid_II.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Tughra_of_Bayezid_II.svg/200px-Tughra_of_Bayezid_II.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="357" data-file-height="252" /></a></span> </td> <td align="left"> <ul><li>Son of Mehmed II and <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BClbahar_Hatun_(mother_of_Bayezid_II)" title="Gülbahar Hatun (mother of Bayezid II)">Gülbahar Hatun</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-lm_21-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lm-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Abdicated.</li> <li>Died near <a href="/wiki/Didymoteicho" title="Didymoteicho">Didymoteicho</a> on 26 May 1512.</li></ul> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1692_osmanli_2_beyazid_ankara_886.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/1692_osmanli_2_beyazid_ankara_886.jpg/180px-1692_osmanli_2_beyazid_ankara_886.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/1692_osmanli_2_beyazid_ankara_886.jpg/270px-1692_osmanli_2_beyazid_ankara_886.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/1692_osmanli_2_beyazid_ankara_886.jpg/360px-1692_osmanli_2_beyazid_ankara_886.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Cem_Sultan" title="Cem Sultan">Cem Sultan</a></i> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cem-in-italy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Cem-in-italy.jpg/100px-Cem-in-italy.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Cem-in-italy.jpg/150px-Cem-in-italy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Cem-in-italy.jpg/200px-Cem-in-italy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="1059" /></a></span> </td> <td>28 May – 20 June 1481<br /><small>(<span data-sort-value="7001230000000000000♠"></span>23 days)</small> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cem_Sultan_Tughra.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Tughra of Cem"><img alt="Tughra of Cem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Cem_Sultan_Tughra.png/100px-Cem_Sultan_Tughra.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Cem_Sultan_Tughra.png/150px-Cem_Sultan_Tughra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Cem_Sultan_Tughra.png/200px-Cem_Sultan_Tughra.png 2x" data-file-width="742" data-file-height="472" /></a></span> </td> <td align="left"> <ul><li>Son of Mehmed II</li> <li>Acquired the title Cem bin Mehmed Han.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Died in exile</li></ul> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ak%C3%A7e_-_Cem_Sultan.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Ak%C3%A7e_-_Cem_Sultan.png/180px-Ak%C3%A7e_-_Cem_Sultan.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Ak%C3%A7e_-_Cem_Sultan.png/270px-Ak%C3%A7e_-_Cem_Sultan.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Ak%C3%A7e_-_Cem_Sultan.png/360px-Ak%C3%A7e_-_Cem_Sultan.png 2x" data-file-width="1508" data-file-height="714" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>9 </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Selim_I" title="Selim I">Selim I</a></b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nakka%C5%9F_Selim.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Nakka%C5%9F_Selim.jpg/100px-Nakka%C5%9F_Selim.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Nakka%C5%9F_Selim.jpg/150px-Nakka%C5%9F_Selim.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Nakka%C5%9F_Selim.jpg/200px-Nakka%C5%9F_Selim.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1463" data-file-height="2426" /></a></span> </td> <td>25 April 1512 –<br />21 September 1520<br /><small>(<span data-sort-value="7003307100000000000♠"></span>8 years, 149 days)</small> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tughra_of_Padishah_Yavuz_Sultan_Selim.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Tughra of Selim I"><img alt="Tughra of Selim I" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Tughra_of_Padishah_Yavuz_Sultan_Selim.png/100px-Tughra_of_Padishah_Yavuz_Sultan_Selim.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Tughra_of_Padishah_Yavuz_Sultan_Selim.png/150px-Tughra_of_Padishah_Yavuz_Sultan_Selim.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Tughra_of_Padishah_Yavuz_Sultan_Selim.png/200px-Tughra_of_Padishah_Yavuz_Sultan_Selim.png 2x" data-file-width="569" data-file-height="244" /></a></span> </td> <td align="left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman%E2%80%93Mamluk_War_(1516%E2%80%9317)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman–Mamluk War (1516–17)">Conquered Mamluks</a> in 1516–1517.</li> <li>First <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Caliph" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman Caliph">Ottoman Caliph</a>.</li> <li>Son of Bayezid II and <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BClbahar_Hatun_(mother_of_Selim_I)" title="Gülbahar Hatun (mother of Selim I)">Gülbahar Hatun</a>.</li> <li>Reigned until his death.</li></ul> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ak%C3%A7e_of_Selim_I_Constantinople_mint_1512.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Ak%C3%A7e_of_Selim_I_Constantinople_mint_1512.jpg/180px-Ak%C3%A7e_of_Selim_I_Constantinople_mint_1512.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Ak%C3%A7e_of_Selim_I_Constantinople_mint_1512.jpg/270px-Ak%C3%A7e_of_Selim_I_Constantinople_mint_1512.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Ak%C3%A7e_of_Selim_I_Constantinople_mint_1512.jpg/360px-Ak%C3%A7e_of_Selim_I_Constantinople_mint_1512.jpg 2x" data-file-width="672" data-file-height="292" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10 </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Suleiman_the_Magnificent" title="Suleiman the Magnificent">Suleiman I</a></b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EmperorSuleiman.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/EmperorSuleiman.jpg/100px-EmperorSuleiman.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/EmperorSuleiman.jpg/150px-EmperorSuleiman.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/EmperorSuleiman.jpg/200px-EmperorSuleiman.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1810" data-file-height="2117" /></a></span> </td> <td>30 September 1520 –<br />6 September 1566<br /><small>(<span data-sort-value="7004167770000000000♠"></span>45 years, 341 days)</small> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tughra_of_Suleiman_I_the_Magnificent.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tughra of Suleiman I"><img alt="Tughra of Suleiman I" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Tughra_of_Suleiman_I_the_Magnificent.svg/100px-Tughra_of_Suleiman_I_the_Magnificent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Tughra_of_Suleiman_I_the_Magnificent.svg/150px-Tughra_of_Suleiman_I_the_Magnificent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Tughra_of_Suleiman_I_the_Magnificent.svg/200px-Tughra_of_Suleiman_I_the_Magnificent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="276" /></a></span> </td> <td align="left"> <ul><li>Son of Selim I and <a href="/wiki/Hafsa_Sultan" title="Hafsa Sultan">Hafsa Sultan</a>.</li> <li>Died of natural causes in his tent during the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Szigetv%C3%A1r" title="Siege of Szigetvár">Siege of Szigetvár</a> in 1566.<sup id="cite_ref-AG-BM-encyc_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AG-BM-encyc-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sultani_of_Suleiman_I,_1520.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Sultani_of_Suleiman_I%2C_1520.jpg/180px-Sultani_of_Suleiman_I%2C_1520.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Sultani_of_Suleiman_I%2C_1520.jpg/270px-Sultani_of_Suleiman_I%2C_1520.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Sultani_of_Suleiman_I%2C_1520.jpg/360px-Sultani_of_Suleiman_I%2C_1520.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="394" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7" style="background:#B9B9B9"><a href="/wiki/Transformation_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Transformation of the Ottoman Empire">Transformation of the Ottoman Empire</a><br /><small>(1550–1700)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11 </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Selim_II" title="Selim II">Selim II</a></b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_Of_Sultan_Selim_II.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Portrait_Of_Sultan_Selim_II.jpg/100px-Portrait_Of_Sultan_Selim_II.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Portrait_Of_Sultan_Selim_II.jpg/150px-Portrait_Of_Sultan_Selim_II.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Portrait_Of_Sultan_Selim_II.jpg/200px-Portrait_Of_Sultan_Selim_II.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1229" data-file-height="1782" /></a></span> </td> <td>29 September 1566 –<br />15 December 1574<br /><small>(<span data-sort-value="7003299900000000000♠"></span>8 years, 77 days)</small> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tughra_of_Selim_II.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tughra of Selim II"><img alt="Tughra of Selim II" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Tughra_of_Selim_II.svg/100px-Tughra_of_Selim_II.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Tughra_of_Selim_II.svg/150px-Tughra_of_Selim_II.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Tughra_of_Selim_II.svg/200px-Tughra_of_Selim_II.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="609" data-file-height="284" /></a></span> </td> <td align="left"> <ul><li>Son of Suleiman I and <a href="/wiki/H%C3%BCrrem_Sultan" class="mw-redirect" title="Hürrem Sultan">Hürrem Sultan</a>.</li> <li>Reigned until his death.</li></ul> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sultani_LACMA_M.2006.143.1_(2_of_2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Sultani_LACMA_M.2006.143.1_%282_of_2%29.jpg/80px-Sultani_LACMA_M.2006.143.1_%282_of_2%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Sultani_LACMA_M.2006.143.1_%282_of_2%29.jpg/120px-Sultani_LACMA_M.2006.143.1_%282_of_2%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Sultani_LACMA_M.2006.143.1_%282_of_2%29.jpg/160px-Sultani_LACMA_M.2006.143.1_%282_of_2%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="2100" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sultani_LACMA_M.2006.143.1_(1_of_2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Sultani_LACMA_M.2006.143.1_%281_of_2%29.jpg/80px-Sultani_LACMA_M.2006.143.1_%281_of_2%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Sultani_LACMA_M.2006.143.1_%281_of_2%29.jpg/120px-Sultani_LACMA_M.2006.143.1_%281_of_2%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Sultani_LACMA_M.2006.143.1_%281_of_2%29.jpg/160px-Sultani_LACMA_M.2006.143.1_%281_of_2%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2096" data-file-height="2096" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>12 </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Murad_III" title="Murad III">Murad III</a></b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sultan_Murad_III.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Sultan_Murad_III.jpeg/100px-Sultan_Murad_III.jpeg" decoding="async" width="100" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Sultan_Murad_III.jpeg/150px-Sultan_Murad_III.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Sultan_Murad_III.jpeg/200px-Sultan_Murad_III.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1591" /></a></span> </td> <td>27 December 1574 –<br />16 January 1595<br /><small>(<span data-sort-value="7003732500000000000♠"></span>20 years, 20 days)</small> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tughra_of_Murad_III.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tughra of Murad III"><img alt="Tughra of Murad III" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Tughra_of_Murad_III.svg/100px-Tughra_of_Murad_III.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Tughra_of_Murad_III.svg/150px-Tughra_of_Murad_III.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Tughra_of_Murad_III.svg/200px-Tughra_of_Murad_III.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="357" data-file-height="252" /></a></span> </td> <td align="left"> <ul><li>Son of Selim II and <a href="/wiki/Nurbanu_Sultan" title="Nurbanu Sultan">Nurbanu Sultan</a>.</li> <li>Reigned until his death.</li></ul> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sequin_Murad_III_1576.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Sequin_Murad_III_1576.jpg/180px-Sequin_Murad_III_1576.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Sequin_Murad_III_1576.jpg/270px-Sequin_Murad_III_1576.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93/Sequin_Murad_III_1576.jpg 2x" data-file-width="325" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>13 </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_III" title="Mehmed III">Mehmed III</a></b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sultan_Mehmet_III_of_the_Ottoman_Empire.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Sultan_Mehmet_III_of_the_Ottoman_Empire.jpg/100px-Sultan_Mehmet_III_of_the_Ottoman_Empire.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Sultan_Mehmet_III_of_the_Ottoman_Empire.jpg/150px-Sultan_Mehmet_III_of_the_Ottoman_Empire.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Sultan_Mehmet_III_of_the_Ottoman_Empire.jpg/200px-Sultan_Mehmet_III_of_the_Ottoman_Empire.jpg 2x" data-file-width="644" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> </td> <td>16 January 1595 –<br />22 December 1603<br /><small>(<span data-sort-value="7003326200000000000♠"></span>8 years, 340 days)</small> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tughra_of_Mehmed_III.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tughra of Mehmed III"><img alt="Tughra of Mehmed III" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Tughra_of_Mehmed_III.svg/100px-Tughra_of_Mehmed_III.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Tughra_of_Mehmed_III.svg/150px-Tughra_of_Mehmed_III.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Tughra_of_Mehmed_III.svg/200px-Tughra_of_Mehmed_III.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="357" data-file-height="212" /></a></span> </td> <td align="left"> <ul><li>Son of Murad III and <a href="/wiki/Safiye_Sultan_(mother_of_Mehmed_III)" title="Safiye Sultan (mother of Mehmed III)">Safiye Sultan</a>.</li> <li>Reigned until his death</li></ul> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coin_of_Mehmed_III.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Coin_of_Mehmed_III.png/180px-Coin_of_Mehmed_III.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Coin_of_Mehmed_III.png/270px-Coin_of_Mehmed_III.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Coin_of_Mehmed_III.png/360px-Coin_of_Mehmed_III.png 2x" data-file-width="782" data-file-height="372" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>14 </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_I" title="Ahmed I">Ahmed I</a></b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_2013-12-19_09-18.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_2013-12-19_09-18.jpg/100px-%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_2013-12-19_09-18.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_2013-12-19_09-18.jpg/149px-%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_2013-12-19_09-18.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_2013-12-19_09-18.jpg/199px-%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_2013-12-19_09-18.jpg 2x" data-file-width="545" data-file-height="809" /></a></span> </td> <td>22 December 1603 –<br />22 November 1617<br /><small>(<span data-sort-value="7003508400000000000♠"></span>13 years, 335 days)</small> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tughra_of_Ahmed_I.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Tughra of Ahmed I"><img alt="Tughra of Ahmed I" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Tughra_of_Ahmed_I.JPG/100px-Tughra_of_Ahmed_I.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Tughra_of_Ahmed_I.JPG/150px-Tughra_of_Ahmed_I.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Tughra_of_Ahmed_I.JPG/200px-Tughra_of_Ahmed_I.JPG 2x" data-file-width="561" data-file-height="305" /></a></span> </td> <td align="left"> <ul><li>Son of Mehmed III and <a href="/wiki/Handan_Sultan" title="Handan Sultan">Handan Sultan</a>.</li> <li>Reigned until his death.</li></ul> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Post-medieval_coin,_Uncertain_denomination_of_Ahmed_I_(FindID_489958).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Post-medieval_coin%2C_Uncertain_denomination_of_Ahmed_I_%28FindID_489958%29.jpg/180px-Post-medieval_coin%2C_Uncertain_denomination_of_Ahmed_I_%28FindID_489958%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Post-medieval_coin%2C_Uncertain_denomination_of_Ahmed_I_%28FindID_489958%29.jpg/270px-Post-medieval_coin%2C_Uncertain_denomination_of_Ahmed_I_%28FindID_489958%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Post-medieval_coin%2C_Uncertain_denomination_of_Ahmed_I_%28FindID_489958%29.jpg/360px-Post-medieval_coin%2C_Uncertain_denomination_of_Ahmed_I_%28FindID_489958%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2250" data-file-height="958" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>15 </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_I" title="Mustafa I">Mustafa I</a></b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mustafa_I_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Mustafa_I_portrait.jpg/100px-Mustafa_I_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Mustafa_I_portrait.jpg/150px-Mustafa_I_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Mustafa_I_portrait.jpg/200px-Mustafa_I_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="4415" /></a></span> </td> <td>22 November 1617 –<br />26 February 1618<br /><small>(<span data-sort-value="7001960000000000000♠"></span>96 days)</small> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tughra_of_Mustafa_I.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Tughra of Mustafa I"><img alt="Tughra of Mustafa I" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Tughra_of_Mustafa_I.JPG/100px-Tughra_of_Mustafa_I.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Tughra_of_Mustafa_I.JPG/150px-Tughra_of_Mustafa_I.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Tughra_of_Mustafa_I.JPG/200px-Tughra_of_Mustafa_I.JPG 2x" data-file-width="557" data-file-height="217" /></a></span> </td> <td align="left"> <ul><li>Son of <a href="/wiki/Mehmed_III" title="Mehmed III">Mehmed III</a> and <a href="/wiki/Halime_Sultan" title="Halime Sultan">Halime Sultan</a>.</li> <li>Deposed due to his mental instability in favour of his young nephew <a href="/wiki/Osman_II" title="Osman II">Osman II</a>.</li></ul> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td>16 </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Osman_II" title="Osman II">Osman II</a></b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Osman_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Osman_2.jpg/100px-Osman_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Osman_2.jpg/150px-Osman_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Osman_2.jpg/200px-Osman_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="1519" /></a></span> </td> <td>26 February 1618 –<br />19 May 1622<br /><small>(<span data-sort-value="7003154300000000000♠"></span>4 years, 82 days)</small> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tughra_of_Osman_II.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Tughra of Osman II"><img alt="Tughra of Osman II" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Tughra_of_Osman_II.JPG/100px-Tughra_of_Osman_II.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Tughra_of_Osman_II.JPG/150px-Tughra_of_Osman_II.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Tughra_of_Osman_II.JPG/200px-Tughra_of_Osman_II.JPG 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="242" /></a></span> </td> <td align="left"> <ul><li>Son of Ahmed I and <a href="/wiki/Mahfiruz_Hatun" title="Mahfiruz Hatun">Mahfiruz Hatun</a>.</li> <li>Deposed in a <a href="/wiki/Janissary" title="Janissary">Janissary</a> riot on 19 May 1622.</li> <li>Murdered on 20 May 1622 by the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Vizier" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Vizier">Grand Vizier</a> <a href="/wiki/Kara_Davud_Pasha" title="Kara Davud Pasha">Kara Davud Pasha</a>.</li></ul> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sultani_-_Osman_II.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Sultani_-_Osman_II.jpg/180px-Sultani_-_Osman_II.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Sultani_-_Osman_II.jpg/270px-Sultani_-_Osman_II.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Sultani_-_Osman_II.jpg/360px-Sultani_-_Osman_II.jpg 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="260" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>(15) </td> <td><b>Mustafa I</b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mustafa_I_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Mustafa_I_portrait.jpg/100px-Mustafa_I_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Mustafa_I_portrait.jpg/150px-Mustafa_I_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Mustafa_I_portrait.jpg/200px-Mustafa_I_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="4415" /></a></span> </td> <td>20 May 1622 –<br />10 September 1623<br /><small>(<span data-sort-value="7002478000000000000♠"></span>1 year, 113 days)</small> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tughra_of_Mustafa_I.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Tughra of Mustafa I"><img alt="Tughra of Mustafa I" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Tughra_of_Mustafa_I.JPG/100px-Tughra_of_Mustafa_I.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Tughra_of_Mustafa_I.JPG/150px-Tughra_of_Mustafa_I.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Tughra_of_Mustafa_I.JPG/200px-Tughra_of_Mustafa_I.JPG 2x" data-file-width="557" data-file-height="217" /></a></span> </td> <td align="left"> <ul><li>Second reign.</li> <li>Returned to the throne after the assassination of his nephew <a href="/wiki/Osman_II" title="Osman II">Osman II</a>.</li> <li>Deposed due to his poor mental health and confined until his death in <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a> on 20 January 1639.</li></ul> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td>17 </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Murad_IV" title="Murad IV">Murad IV</a></b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Murad_IV.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Murad_IV.jpg/100px-Murad_IV.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Murad_IV.jpg/150px-Murad_IV.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Murad_IV.jpg/200px-Murad_IV.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2072" data-file-height="3096" /></a></span> </td> <td>10 September 1623 –<br />8 February 1640<br /><small>(<span data-sort-value="7003599500000000000♠"></span>16 years, 151 days)</small> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tughra_of_Murad_IV.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tughra of Murad IV"><img alt="Tughra of Murad IV" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Tughra_of_Murad_IV.svg/100px-Tughra_of_Murad_IV.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Tughra_of_Murad_IV.svg/150px-Tughra_of_Murad_IV.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Tughra_of_Murad_IV.svg/200px-Tughra_of_Murad_IV.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="427" data-file-height="222" /></a></span> </td> <td align="left"> <ul><li>Son of Ahmed I and <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6sem_Sultan" title="Kösem Sultan">Kösem Sultan</a>.</li> <li>Ruled under the regency of his mother <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6sem_Sultan" title="Kösem Sultan">Kösem Sultan</a> until 1632.</li> <li>Reigned until his death.</li></ul> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td>18 </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Ibrahim of the Ottoman Empire">Ibrahim</a></b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ibrahim_Deli.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Ibrahim_Deli.jpg/100px-Ibrahim_Deli.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Ibrahim_Deli.jpg/150px-Ibrahim_Deli.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Ibrahim_Deli.jpg/200px-Ibrahim_Deli.jpg 2x" data-file-width="383" data-file-height="690" /></a></span> </td> <td>9 February 1640 –<br />8 August 1648<br /><small>(<span data-sort-value="7003310300000000000♠"></span>8 years, 181 days)</small> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tughra_of_Ibrahim.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Tughra of Ibrahim"><img alt="Tughra of Ibrahim" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Tughra_of_Ibrahim.JPG/100px-Tughra_of_Ibrahim.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Tughra_of_Ibrahim.JPG/150px-Tughra_of_Ibrahim.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Tughra_of_Ibrahim.JPG/200px-Tughra_of_Ibrahim.JPG 2x" data-file-width="576" data-file-height="301" /></a></span> </td> <td align="left"> <ul><li>Son of Ahmed I and <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6sem_Sultan" title="Kösem Sultan">Kösem Sultan</a>.</li> <li>Deposed on 8 August 1648 in a coup led by the <a href="/wiki/Sheikh_ul-Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheikh ul-Islam">Sheikh ul-Islam</a>.</li> <li>Strangled in <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a> on 18 August 1648 at the behest of the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Vizier" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Vizier">Grand Vizier</a> <a href="/wiki/Mawlawi_Order" class="mw-redirect" title="Mawlawi Order">Mevlevî</a> Mehmed Paşa <i>(Sofu Mehmed Pasha)</i>.</li></ul> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td>19 </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_IV" title="Mehmed IV">Mehmed IV</a></b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sultan_Mehmed_IV_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Sultan_Mehmed_IV_%282%29.jpg/100px-Sultan_Mehmed_IV_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Sultan_Mehmed_IV_%282%29.jpg/150px-Sultan_Mehmed_IV_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Sultan_Mehmed_IV_%282%29.jpg/200px-Sultan_Mehmed_IV_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2457" data-file-height="4143" /></a></span> </td> <td>8 August 1648 –<br />8 November 1687<br /><small>(<span data-sort-value="7004143360000000000♠"></span>39 years, 92 days)</small> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tughra_of_Mehmed_IV.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Tughra of Mehmed IV"><img alt="Tughra of Mehmed IV" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Tughra_of_Mehmed_IV.png/100px-Tughra_of_Mehmed_IV.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Tughra_of_Mehmed_IV.png/150px-Tughra_of_Mehmed_IV.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Tughra_of_Mehmed_IV.png/200px-Tughra_of_Mehmed_IV.png 2x" data-file-width="395" data-file-height="219" /></a></span> </td> <td align="left"> <ul><li>Son of Ibrahim and <a href="/wiki/Turhan_Sultan" title="Turhan Sultan">Turhan Sultan</a>.</li> <li>Ruled under the regency of his grandmother <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6sem_Sultan" title="Kösem Sultan">Kösem Sultan</a> until 1651.</li> <li>Ruled under the regency of his mother <a href="/wiki/Turhan_Sultan" title="Turhan Sultan">Turhan Sultan</a> from 1651 until 1656.</li> <li>Deposed on 8 November 1687 following the Ottoman defeat at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Moh%C3%A1cs_(1687)" title="Battle of Mohács (1687)">Second Battle of Mohács</a>.</li> <li>Died in <a href="/wiki/Edirne" title="Edirne">Edirne</a> on 6 January 1693.</li></ul> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td>20 </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Suleiman_II_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Suleiman II of the Ottoman Empire">Suleiman II</a></b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:S%C3%BCleyman_II.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/S%C3%BCleyman_II.jpg/100px-S%C3%BCleyman_II.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/S%C3%BCleyman_II.jpg/150px-S%C3%BCleyman_II.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/S%C3%BCleyman_II.jpg/200px-S%C3%BCleyman_II.jpg 2x" data-file-width="492" data-file-height="730" /></a></span> </td> <td>8 November 1687 –<br />22 June 1691<br /><small>(<span data-sort-value="7003132200000000000♠"></span>3 years, 226 days)</small> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tughra_of_Suleiman_II.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tughra of Suleiman II"><img alt="Tughra of Suleiman II" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Tughra_of_Suleiman_II.svg/100px-Tughra_of_Suleiman_II.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Tughra_of_Suleiman_II.svg/150px-Tughra_of_Suleiman_II.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Tughra_of_Suleiman_II.svg/200px-Tughra_of_Suleiman_II.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="705" data-file-height="336" /></a></span> </td> <td align="left"> <ul><li>Son of Ibrahim and <a href="/wiki/A%C5%9Fub_Sultan" class="mw-redirect" title="Aşub Sultan">Dilaşub Sultan</a>.</li> <li>Reigned until his death.</li></ul> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kupfer_Not-Akce_1099_H.,_Qustantiniya_(Konstantinopel-Istanbul)-210-00912q00.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Kupfer_Not-Akce_1099_H.%2C_Qustantiniya_%28Konstantinopel-Istanbul%29-210-00912q00.jpg/180px-Kupfer_Not-Akce_1099_H.%2C_Qustantiniya_%28Konstantinopel-Istanbul%29-210-00912q00.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Kupfer_Not-Akce_1099_H.%2C_Qustantiniya_%28Konstantinopel-Istanbul%29-210-00912q00.jpg/270px-Kupfer_Not-Akce_1099_H.%2C_Qustantiniya_%28Konstantinopel-Istanbul%29-210-00912q00.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Kupfer_Not-Akce_1099_H.%2C_Qustantiniya_%28Konstantinopel-Istanbul%29-210-00912q00.jpg/360px-Kupfer_Not-Akce_1099_H.%2C_Qustantiniya_%28Konstantinopel-Istanbul%29-210-00912q00.jpg 2x" data-file-width="809" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>21 </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_II" title="Ahmed II">Ahmed II</a></b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ahmet_II.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Ahmet_II.jpg/100px-Ahmet_II.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Ahmet_II.jpg/150px-Ahmet_II.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Ahmet_II.jpg/200px-Ahmet_II.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1054" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span> </td> <td>22 June 1691 –<br />6 February 1695<br /><small>(<span data-sort-value="7003132500000000000♠"></span>3 years, 229 days)</small> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tughra_of_Ahmed_II.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Tughra of Ahmed II"><img alt="Tughra of Ahmed II" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Tughra_of_Ahmed_II.JPG/100px-Tughra_of_Ahmed_II.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Tughra_of_Ahmed_II.JPG/150px-Tughra_of_Ahmed_II.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Tughra_of_Ahmed_II.JPG/200px-Tughra_of_Ahmed_II.JPG 2x" data-file-width="566" data-file-height="292" /></a></span> </td> <td align="left"> <ul><li>Son of Ibrahim and <a href="/wiki/Muazzez_Sultan" title="Muazzez Sultan">Muazzez Sultan</a>.</li> <li>Reigned until his death.</li></ul> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td>22 </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_II" title="Mustafa II">Mustafa II</a></b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mustafa_II_dressed_in_full_armour.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Mustafa_II_dressed_in_full_armour.JPG/100px-Mustafa_II_dressed_in_full_armour.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Mustafa_II_dressed_in_full_armour.JPG/150px-Mustafa_II_dressed_in_full_armour.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Mustafa_II_dressed_in_full_armour.JPG/200px-Mustafa_II_dressed_in_full_armour.JPG 2x" data-file-width="758" data-file-height="1269" /></a></span> </td> <td>6 February 1695 –<br />22 August 1703<br /><small>(<span data-sort-value="7003311800000000000♠"></span>8 years, 197 days)</small> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tughra_of_Mustafa_II.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Tughra of Mustafa II"><img alt="Tughra of Mustafa II" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Tughra_of_Mustafa_II.JPG/100px-Tughra_of_Mustafa_II.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Tughra_of_Mustafa_II.JPG/150px-Tughra_of_Mustafa_II.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Tughra_of_Mustafa_II.JPG/200px-Tughra_of_Mustafa_II.JPG 2x" data-file-width="561" data-file-height="281" /></a></span> </td> <td align="left"> <ul><li>Son of Mehmed IV and <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BClnu%C5%9F_Sultan" title="Gülnuş Sultan">Gülnuş Sultan</a>.</li> <li>Deposed on 22 August 1703 by a <a href="/wiki/Janissary" title="Janissary">Janissary</a> uprising known as the <a href="/wiki/Edirne_event" class="mw-redirect" title="Edirne event">Edirne Event</a>.</li> <li>Died in Istanbul on 8 January 1704.</li></ul> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1_Kuru%C8%99_Mustafa_II_of_Ottoman_1695-1704.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/1_Kuru%C8%99_Mustafa_II_of_Ottoman_1695-1704.png/180px-1_Kuru%C8%99_Mustafa_II_of_Ottoman_1695-1704.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/1_Kuru%C8%99_Mustafa_II_of_Ottoman_1695-1704.png/270px-1_Kuru%C8%99_Mustafa_II_of_Ottoman_1695-1704.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/1_Kuru%C8%99_Mustafa_II_of_Ottoman_1695-1704.png/360px-1_Kuru%C8%99_Mustafa_II_of_Ottoman_1695-1704.png 2x" data-file-width="2681" data-file-height="1342" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7" style="background:#B9B9B9"><a href="/wiki/Stagnation_and_reform_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Stagnation and reform of the Ottoman Empire">Stagnation and reform of the Ottoman Empire</a><br /><small>(1700–1827)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td>23 </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_III" title="Ahmed III">Ahmed III</a></b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Levni_002_detail.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Levni_002_detail.jpg/100px-Levni_002_detail.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Levni_002_detail.jpg/150px-Levni_002_detail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Levni_002_detail.jpg/200px-Levni_002_detail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="452" data-file-height="690" /></a></span> </td> <td>22 August 1703 –<br /><a href="/wiki/Patrona_Halil_rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Patrona Halil rebellion">1 October 1730</a><br /><small>(<span data-sort-value="7003990200000000000♠"></span>27 years, 40 days)</small> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tughra_of_Ahmed_III.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Tughra of Ahmed III"><img alt="Tughra of Ahmed III" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Tughra_of_Ahmed_III.JPG/100px-Tughra_of_Ahmed_III.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Tughra_of_Ahmed_III.JPG/150px-Tughra_of_Ahmed_III.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Tughra_of_Ahmed_III.JPG/200px-Tughra_of_Ahmed_III.JPG 2x" data-file-width="562" data-file-height="298" /></a></span> </td> <td align="left"> <ul><li>Son of Mehmed IV and <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BClnu%C5%9F_Sultan" title="Gülnuş Sultan">Gülnuş Sultan</a>.</li> <li>Deposed in consequence of the <a href="/wiki/Janissary" title="Janissary">Janissary</a> rebellion led by <a href="/wiki/Patrona_Halil" title="Patrona Halil">Patrona Halil</a>.</li> <li>Died on 1 July 1736.</li></ul> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sultani_of_Ahmed_III,_1703.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Sultani_of_Ahmed_III%2C_1703.jpg/180px-Sultani_of_Ahmed_III%2C_1703.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Sultani_of_Ahmed_III%2C_1703.jpg/270px-Sultani_of_Ahmed_III%2C_1703.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Sultani_of_Ahmed_III%2C_1703.jpg/360px-Sultani_of_Ahmed_III%2C_1703.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="392" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>24 </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_I" title="Mahmud I">Mahmud I</a></b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sultan_Mahmud_I_%E2%80%93_Jean_Baptiste_Vanmour.jpg_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Sultan_Mahmud_I_%E2%80%93_Jean_Baptiste_Vanmour.jpg_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Sultan_Mahmud_I_%E2%80%93_Jean_Baptiste_Vanmour.jpg_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Sultan_Mahmud_I_%E2%80%93_Jean_Baptiste_Vanmour.jpg_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Sultan_Mahmud_I_%E2%80%93_Jean_Baptiste_Vanmour.jpg_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Sultan_Mahmud_I_%E2%80%93_Jean_Baptiste_Vanmour.jpg_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Sultan_Mahmud_I_%E2%80%93_Jean_Baptiste_Vanmour.jpg_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3685" data-file-height="5094" /></a></span> </td> <td>2 October 1730 –<br />13 December 1754<br /><small>(<span data-sort-value="7003883800000000000♠"></span>24 years, 72 days)</small> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tughra_of_Mahmud_I.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Tughra of Mahmud I"><img alt="Tughra of Mahmud I" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Tughra_of_Mahmud_I.JPG/100px-Tughra_of_Mahmud_I.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Tughra_of_Mahmud_I.JPG/150px-Tughra_of_Mahmud_I.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Tughra_of_Mahmud_I.JPG/200px-Tughra_of_Mahmud_I.JPG 2x" data-file-width="547" data-file-height="301" /></a></span> </td> <td align="left"> <ul><li>Son of Mustafa II and <a href="/wiki/Saliha_Sultan_(mother_of_Mahmud_I)" title="Saliha Sultan (mother of Mahmud I)">Saliha Sultan</a>.</li> <li>Reigned until his death.</li></ul> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sequin_of_Mahmud_I.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Sequin_of_Mahmud_I.jpg/180px-Sequin_of_Mahmud_I.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Sequin_of_Mahmud_I.jpg/270px-Sequin_of_Mahmud_I.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Sequin_of_Mahmud_I.jpg/360px-Sequin_of_Mahmud_I.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>25 </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Osman_III" title="Osman III">Osman III</a></b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:III.Osman.webp" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/III.Osman.webp/100px-III.Osman.webp.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/III.Osman.webp/150px-III.Osman.webp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/III.Osman.webp/199px-III.Osman.webp.png 2x" data-file-width="2552" data-file-height="4118" /></a></span> </td> <td>13 December 1754 –<br />30 October 1757<br /><small>(<span data-sort-value="7003105200000000000♠"></span>2 years, 321 days)</small> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tughra_of_Osman_III.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Tughra of Osman III"><img alt="Tughra of Osman III" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Tughra_of_Osman_III.JPG/100px-Tughra_of_Osman_III.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Tughra_of_Osman_III.JPG/150px-Tughra_of_Osman_III.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Tughra_of_Osman_III.JPG/200px-Tughra_of_Osman_III.JPG 2x" data-file-width="552" data-file-height="266" /></a></span> </td> <td align="left"> <ul><li>Son of Mustafa II and <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehsuvar_Sultan" title="Şehsuvar Sultan">Şehsuvar Sultan</a>.</li> <li>Reigned until his death.</li></ul> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Turchia,_osman_III,_moneta_d%27oro,_1754-1757.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Turchia%2C_osman_III%2C_moneta_d%27oro%2C_1754-1757.JPG/100px-Turchia%2C_osman_III%2C_moneta_d%27oro%2C_1754-1757.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Turchia%2C_osman_III%2C_moneta_d%27oro%2C_1754-1757.JPG/150px-Turchia%2C_osman_III%2C_moneta_d%27oro%2C_1754-1757.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Turchia%2C_osman_III%2C_moneta_d%27oro%2C_1754-1757.JPG/200px-Turchia%2C_osman_III%2C_moneta_d%27oro%2C_1754-1757.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1522" data-file-height="1629" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>26 </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_III" title="Mustafa III">Mustafa III</a></b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sultan_Mustafa_III.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Sultan_Mustafa_III.jpg/100px-Sultan_Mustafa_III.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Sultan_Mustafa_III.jpg/150px-Sultan_Mustafa_III.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Sultan_Mustafa_III.jpg/199px-Sultan_Mustafa_III.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2207" data-file-height="3297" /></a></span> </td> <td>30 October 1757 –<br />21 January 1774<br /><small>(<span data-sort-value="7003592700000000000♠"></span>16 years, 83 days)</small> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tughra_of_Mustafa_III.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tughra of Mustafa III"><img alt="Tughra of Mustafa III" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Tughra_of_Mustafa_III.svg/100px-Tughra_of_Mustafa_III.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Tughra_of_Mustafa_III.svg/150px-Tughra_of_Mustafa_III.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Tughra_of_Mustafa_III.svg/200px-Tughra_of_Mustafa_III.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="715" data-file-height="370" /></a></span> </td> <td align="left"> <ul><li>Son of Ahmed III and <a href="/wiki/Mihri%C5%9Fah_Kad%C4%B1n_(mother_of_Mustafa_III)" title="Mihrişah Kadın (mother of Mustafa III)">Mihrişah Kadın</a>.</li> <li>Reigned until his death.</li></ul> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1_Piastre_1183_Mustafa_III_(obv)-8477.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/1_Piastre_1183_Mustafa_III_%28obv%29-8477.jpg/80px-1_Piastre_1183_Mustafa_III_%28obv%29-8477.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/1_Piastre_1183_Mustafa_III_%28obv%29-8477.jpg/120px-1_Piastre_1183_Mustafa_III_%28obv%29-8477.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/1_Piastre_1183_Mustafa_III_%28obv%29-8477.jpg/160px-1_Piastre_1183_Mustafa_III_%28obv%29-8477.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3207" data-file-height="3207" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1_Piastre_1183_Mustafa_III_(rev)-8478.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/1_Piastre_1183_Mustafa_III_%28rev%29-8478.jpg/80px-1_Piastre_1183_Mustafa_III_%28rev%29-8478.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/1_Piastre_1183_Mustafa_III_%28rev%29-8478.jpg/120px-1_Piastre_1183_Mustafa_III_%28rev%29-8478.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/1_Piastre_1183_Mustafa_III_%28rev%29-8478.jpg/160px-1_Piastre_1183_Mustafa_III_%28rev%29-8478.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3179" data-file-height="3179" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>27 </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Hamid_I" title="Abdul Hamid I">Abdul Hamid I</a></b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Abd%C3%BClhamid_I_of_the_Ottoman_Empire.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Portrait_of_Abd%C3%BClhamid_I_of_the_Ottoman_Empire.jpg/100px-Portrait_of_Abd%C3%BClhamid_I_of_the_Ottoman_Empire.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Portrait_of_Abd%C3%BClhamid_I_of_the_Ottoman_Empire.jpg/150px-Portrait_of_Abd%C3%BClhamid_I_of_the_Ottoman_Empire.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Portrait_of_Abd%C3%BClhamid_I_of_the_Ottoman_Empire.jpg/200px-Portrait_of_Abd%C3%BClhamid_I_of_the_Ottoman_Empire.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1402" data-file-height="1965" /></a></span> </td> <td>21 January 1774 –<br />7 April 1789<br /><small>(<span data-sort-value="7003555500000000000♠"></span>15 years, 76 days)</small> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tughra_of_Abd%C3%BClhamid_I.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tughra of Abdul Hamid I"><img alt="Tughra of Abdul Hamid I" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Tughra_of_Abd%C3%BClhamid_I.svg/100px-Tughra_of_Abd%C3%BClhamid_I.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Tughra_of_Abd%C3%BClhamid_I.svg/150px-Tughra_of_Abd%C3%BClhamid_I.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Tughra_of_Abd%C3%BClhamid_I.svg/200px-Tughra_of_Abd%C3%BClhamid_I.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="708" data-file-height="366" /></a></span> </td> <td align="left"> <ul><li>Son of Ahmed III and <a href="/wiki/Rabia_%C5%9Eermi_Kad%C4%B1n" title="Rabia Şermi Kadın">Rabia Şermi Kadın</a>.</li> <li>Reigned until his death.</li></ul> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:M64_10para_Constantinople_KM383_1ar85_(8645875592).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/M64_10para_Constantinople_KM383_1ar85_%288645875592%29.jpg/180px-M64_10para_Constantinople_KM383_1ar85_%288645875592%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/M64_10para_Constantinople_KM383_1ar85_%288645875592%29.jpg/270px-M64_10para_Constantinople_KM383_1ar85_%288645875592%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/M64_10para_Constantinople_KM383_1ar85_%288645875592%29.jpg/360px-M64_10para_Constantinople_KM383_1ar85_%288645875592%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4454" data-file-height="2228" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>28 </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Selim_III" title="Selim III">Selim III</a></b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Joseph_Warnia-Zarzecki_-_Sultan_Selim_III_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Joseph_Warnia-Zarzecki_-_Sultan_Selim_III_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/100px-Joseph_Warnia-Zarzecki_-_Sultan_Selim_III_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Joseph_Warnia-Zarzecki_-_Sultan_Selim_III_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/150px-Joseph_Warnia-Zarzecki_-_Sultan_Selim_III_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Joseph_Warnia-Zarzecki_-_Sultan_Selim_III_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/200px-Joseph_Warnia-Zarzecki_-_Sultan_Selim_III_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2229" data-file-height="3882" /></a></span> </td> <td>7 April 1789 –<br /><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_coups_of_1807%E2%80%931808" title="Ottoman coups of 1807–1808">29 May 1807</a><br /><small>(<span data-sort-value="7003662500000000000♠"></span>18 years, 52 days)</small> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tughra_of_Selim_III.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Tughra of Selim III"><img alt="Tughra of Selim III" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Tughra_of_Selim_III.JPG/100px-Tughra_of_Selim_III.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Tughra_of_Selim_III.JPG/150px-Tughra_of_Selim_III.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Tughra_of_Selim_III.JPG/200px-Tughra_of_Selim_III.JPG 2x" data-file-width="557" data-file-height="297" /></a></span> </td> <td align="left"> <ul><li>Son of Mustafa III and <a href="/wiki/Mihri%C5%9Fah_Sultan_(mother_of_Selim_III)" title="Mihrişah Sultan (mother of Selim III)">Mihrişah Sultan</a>.</li> <li>Deposed as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_coups_of_1807%E2%80%9308" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman coups of 1807–08">Janissary revolt</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Kabak%C3%A7%C4%B1_Mustafa" title="Kabakçı Mustafa">Kabakçı Mustafa</a> against his reforms.</li> <li>Assassinated in Istanbul on 28 July 1808 at the behest of <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Sultan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman Sultan">Ottoman Sultan</a> <a href="/wiki/Mustafa_IV" title="Mustafa IV">Mustafa IV</a>.</li></ul> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rial_Tunisien_-_Selim_III_-_1215_AH_-_1800_AD.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Rial_Tunisien_-_Selim_III_-_1215_AH_-_1800_AD.jpg/180px-Rial_Tunisien_-_Selim_III_-_1215_AH_-_1800_AD.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Rial_Tunisien_-_Selim_III_-_1215_AH_-_1800_AD.jpg/270px-Rial_Tunisien_-_Selim_III_-_1215_AH_-_1800_AD.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Rial_Tunisien_-_Selim_III_-_1215_AH_-_1800_AD.jpg/360px-Rial_Tunisien_-_Selim_III_-_1215_AH_-_1800_AD.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="413" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>29 </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_IV" title="Mustafa IV">Mustafa IV</a></b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IV._Mustafa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/IV._Mustafa.jpg/100px-IV._Mustafa.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/IV._Mustafa.jpg/150px-IV._Mustafa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/IV._Mustafa.jpg/200px-IV._Mustafa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1052" data-file-height="1666" /></a></span> </td> <td>29 May 1807 –<br /><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_coups_of_1807%E2%80%931808" title="Ottoman coups of 1807–1808">28 July 1808</a><br /><small>(<span data-sort-value="7002426000000000000♠"></span>1 year, 60 days)</small> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tughra_of_Mustafa_IV.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Tughra of Mustafa IV"><img alt="Tughra of Mustafa IV" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Tughra_of_Mustafa_IV.JPG/100px-Tughra_of_Mustafa_IV.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Tughra_of_Mustafa_IV.JPG/150px-Tughra_of_Mustafa_IV.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Tughra_of_Mustafa_IV.JPG/200px-Tughra_of_Mustafa_IV.JPG 2x" data-file-width="519" data-file-height="331" /></a></span> </td> <td align="left"> <ul><li>Son of Abdul Hamid I and <a href="/wiki/Sineperver_Sultan" title="Sineperver Sultan">Sineperver Sultan</a>.</li> <li>Deposed in an <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_coups_of_1807%E2%80%9308" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman coups of 1807–08">insurrection</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Alemdar_Mustafa_Pasha" title="Alemdar Mustafa Pasha">Alemdar Mustafa Pasha</a>.</li> <li>Executed in Istanbul on 17 November 1808 by order of <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Sultan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman Sultan">Ottoman Sultan</a> <a href="/wiki/Mahmud_II" title="Mahmud II">Mahmud II</a>.</li></ul> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7" style="background:#B9B9B9"><a href="/wiki/Decline_and_modernization_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Decline and modernization of the Ottoman Empire">Modernization of the Ottoman Empire</a><br /><small>(1827–1908)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td>30 </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_II" title="Mahmud II">Mahmud II</a></b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mahmud_II.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Mahmud_II.jpg/100px-Mahmud_II.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Mahmud_II.jpg/150px-Mahmud_II.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Mahmud_II.jpg/200px-Mahmud_II.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1503" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span> </td> <td>28 July 1808 –<br />1 July 1839<br /><small>(<span data-sort-value="7004112950000000000♠"></span>30 years, 338 days)</small> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tughra_Mahmud_II_bw.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tughra of Mahmud II"><img alt="Tughra of Mahmud II" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Tughra_Mahmud_II_bw.svg/100px-Tughra_Mahmud_II_bw.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Tughra_Mahmud_II_bw.svg/150px-Tughra_Mahmud_II_bw.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Tughra_Mahmud_II_bw.svg/200px-Tughra_Mahmud_II_bw.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="323" data-file-height="251" /></a></span> </td> <td align="left"> <ul><li>Son of Abdul Hamid I and <a href="/wiki/Nak%C5%9Fidil_Sultan" title="Nakşidil Sultan">Nakşidil Sultan</a>.</li> <li>Disbanded the <a href="/wiki/Janissaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Janissaries">Janissaries</a> in consequence of the <a href="/wiki/Auspicious_Incident" title="Auspicious Incident">Auspicious Incident</a> in 1826.</li> <li>Reigned until his death.</li></ul> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:TURKEY,_SULTAN_MAHMUD_II_1818_-2_RUMI_GOLD_b_-_Flickr_-_woody1778a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/TURKEY%2C_SULTAN_MAHMUD_II_1818_-2_RUMI_GOLD_b_-_Flickr_-_woody1778a.jpg/85px-TURKEY%2C_SULTAN_MAHMUD_II_1818_-2_RUMI_GOLD_b_-_Flickr_-_woody1778a.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/TURKEY%2C_SULTAN_MAHMUD_II_1818_-2_RUMI_GOLD_b_-_Flickr_-_woody1778a.jpg/128px-TURKEY%2C_SULTAN_MAHMUD_II_1818_-2_RUMI_GOLD_b_-_Flickr_-_woody1778a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/TURKEY%2C_SULTAN_MAHMUD_II_1818_-2_RUMI_GOLD_b_-_Flickr_-_woody1778a.jpg/170px-TURKEY%2C_SULTAN_MAHMUD_II_1818_-2_RUMI_GOLD_b_-_Flickr_-_woody1778a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1444" data-file-height="1444" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:TURKEY,_SULTAN_MAHMUD_II_1818_-2_RUMI_GOLD_a_-_Flickr_-_woody1778a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/TURKEY%2C_SULTAN_MAHMUD_II_1818_-2_RUMI_GOLD_a_-_Flickr_-_woody1778a.jpg/85px-TURKEY%2C_SULTAN_MAHMUD_II_1818_-2_RUMI_GOLD_a_-_Flickr_-_woody1778a.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/TURKEY%2C_SULTAN_MAHMUD_II_1818_-2_RUMI_GOLD_a_-_Flickr_-_woody1778a.jpg/128px-TURKEY%2C_SULTAN_MAHMUD_II_1818_-2_RUMI_GOLD_a_-_Flickr_-_woody1778a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/TURKEY%2C_SULTAN_MAHMUD_II_1818_-2_RUMI_GOLD_a_-_Flickr_-_woody1778a.jpg/170px-TURKEY%2C_SULTAN_MAHMUD_II_1818_-2_RUMI_GOLD_a_-_Flickr_-_woody1778a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1259" data-file-height="1274" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>31 </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Abdulmejid_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdulmejid I">Abdulmejid I</a></b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Abdulmejid_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Abdulmejid portrait"><img alt="Abdulmejid portrait" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Abdulmejid_portrait.jpg/100px-Abdulmejid_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Abdulmejid_portrait.jpg/150px-Abdulmejid_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Abdulmejid_portrait.jpg/200px-Abdulmejid_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1045" data-file-height="1331" /></a></span> </td> <td>1 July 1839 –<br />25 June 1861<br /><small>(<span data-sort-value="7003803000000000000♠"></span>21 years, 359 days)</small> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tughra_of_Abd%C3%BClmecid_I.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tughra of Abdulmejid I"><img alt="Tughra of Abdulmejid I" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Tughra_of_Abd%C3%BClmecid_I.svg/100px-Tughra_of_Abd%C3%BClmecid_I.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Tughra_of_Abd%C3%BClmecid_I.svg/150px-Tughra_of_Abd%C3%BClmecid_I.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Tughra_of_Abd%C3%BClmecid_I.svg/200px-Tughra_of_Abd%C3%BClmecid_I.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> </td> <td align="left"> <ul><li>Son of Mahmud II and <a href="/wiki/Bezmi%C3%A2lem_Sultan" title="Bezmiâlem Sultan">Bezmiâlem Sultan</a>.</li> <li>Proclaimed the <a href="/wiki/Hatt-i_Sharif" class="mw-redirect" title="Hatt-i Sharif">Imperial Edict of Gülhane <i>(Tanzimât Fermânı)</i></a> that launched the <a href="/wiki/Tanzimat" title="Tanzimat">Tanzimat</a> period of reforms and reorganization on 3 November 1839 at the behest of reformist <a href="/wiki/Grand_vizier" title="Grand vizier">Grand vizier</a> <a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Re%C5%9Fid_Pasha" title="Mustafa Reşid Pasha">Mustafa Reşid Pasha</a>.</li> <li>Accepted the <a href="/wiki/Hatt-%C4%B1_H%C3%BCmayun" class="mw-redirect" title="Hatt-ı Hümayun">Islâhat Hatt-ı Hümayun (Imperial Reform Edict) <i>(Islâhat Fermânı)</i></a> on 18 February 1856;</li> <li>Reigned until his death.</li></ul> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:20_Piastres_1270_Abd%C3%BClmecid_I_(obv)-8467.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/20_Piastres_1270_Abd%C3%BClmecid_I_%28obv%29-8467.jpg/85px-20_Piastres_1270_Abd%C3%BClmecid_I_%28obv%29-8467.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/20_Piastres_1270_Abd%C3%BClmecid_I_%28obv%29-8467.jpg/128px-20_Piastres_1270_Abd%C3%BClmecid_I_%28obv%29-8467.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/20_Piastres_1270_Abd%C3%BClmecid_I_%28obv%29-8467.jpg/170px-20_Piastres_1270_Abd%C3%BClmecid_I_%28obv%29-8467.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3217" data-file-height="3217" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:20_Piastres_1270_Abd%C3%BClmecid_I_(rev)-8468.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/20_Piastres_1270_Abd%C3%BClmecid_I_%28rev%29-8468.jpg/85px-20_Piastres_1270_Abd%C3%BClmecid_I_%28rev%29-8468.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/20_Piastres_1270_Abd%C3%BClmecid_I_%28rev%29-8468.jpg/128px-20_Piastres_1270_Abd%C3%BClmecid_I_%28rev%29-8468.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/20_Piastres_1270_Abd%C3%BClmecid_I_%28rev%29-8468.jpg/170px-20_Piastres_1270_Abd%C3%BClmecid_I_%28rev%29-8468.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3265" data-file-height="3265" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>32 </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Abdulaziz" title="Abdulaziz">Abdulaziz</a></b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:4f3bdb2b3891715176c6580e6ab6cb4b--ottoman-empire-sultan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/4f3bdb2b3891715176c6580e6ab6cb4b--ottoman-empire-sultan.jpg/100px-4f3bdb2b3891715176c6580e6ab6cb4b--ottoman-empire-sultan.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/4f3bdb2b3891715176c6580e6ab6cb4b--ottoman-empire-sultan.jpg/150px-4f3bdb2b3891715176c6580e6ab6cb4b--ottoman-empire-sultan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/4f3bdb2b3891715176c6580e6ab6cb4b--ottoman-empire-sultan.jpg/200px-4f3bdb2b3891715176c6580e6ab6cb4b--ottoman-empire-sultan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="643" data-file-height="831" /></a></span> </td> <td>25 June 1861 –<br /><a href="/wiki/1876_Turkish_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" class="mw-redirect" title="1876 Turkish coup d'état">30 May 1876</a><br /><small>(<span data-sort-value="7003545300000000000♠"></span>14 years, 340 days)</small> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tughra_of_Abd%C3%BClaziz.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tughra of Abdulaziz"><img alt="Tughra of Abdulaziz" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Tughra_of_Abd%C3%BClaziz.svg/100px-Tughra_of_Abd%C3%BClaziz.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Tughra_of_Abd%C3%BClaziz.svg/150px-Tughra_of_Abd%C3%BClaziz.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Tughra_of_Abd%C3%BClaziz.svg/200px-Tughra_of_Abd%C3%BClaziz.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="429" data-file-height="321" /></a></span> </td> <td align="left"> <ul><li>Son of Mahmud II and <a href="/wiki/Pertevniyal_Sultan" title="Pertevniyal Sultan">Pertevniyal Sultan</a>.</li> <li>Deposed by his ministers.</li> <li>Found dead (suicide or murder) five days later.</li></ul> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:10_Para_1280_Abd%C3%BClaziz_(obv)-8470.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/10_Para_1280_Abd%C3%BClaziz_%28obv%29-8470.jpg/80px-10_Para_1280_Abd%C3%BClaziz_%28obv%29-8470.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/10_Para_1280_Abd%C3%BClaziz_%28obv%29-8470.jpg/120px-10_Para_1280_Abd%C3%BClaziz_%28obv%29-8470.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/10_Para_1280_Abd%C3%BClaziz_%28obv%29-8470.jpg/160px-10_Para_1280_Abd%C3%BClaziz_%28obv%29-8470.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3029" data-file-height="3029" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:10_Para_1280_Abd%C3%BClaziz_(rev)-8471.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/10_Para_1280_Abd%C3%BClaziz_%28rev%29-8471.jpg/80px-10_Para_1280_Abd%C3%BClaziz_%28rev%29-8471.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/10_Para_1280_Abd%C3%BClaziz_%28rev%29-8471.jpg/120px-10_Para_1280_Abd%C3%BClaziz_%28rev%29-8471.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/10_Para_1280_Abd%C3%BClaziz_%28rev%29-8471.jpg/160px-10_Para_1280_Abd%C3%BClaziz_%28rev%29-8471.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3160" data-file-height="3160" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>33 </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Murad_V" title="Murad V">Murad V</a></b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sultan_Murad_V.,_1876.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Sultan_Murad_V.%2C_1876.jpg/95px-Sultan_Murad_V.%2C_1876.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Sultan_Murad_V.%2C_1876.jpg/144px-Sultan_Murad_V.%2C_1876.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Sultan_Murad_V.%2C_1876.jpg/191px-Sultan_Murad_V.%2C_1876.jpg 2x" data-file-width="735" data-file-height="1054" /></a></span> </td> <td>30 May – 31 August 1876<br /><small>(<span data-sort-value="7001930000000000000♠"></span>93 days)</small> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tughra_of_Murad_V.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tughra of Murad V"><img alt="Tughra of Murad V" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Tughra_of_Murad_V.svg/100px-Tughra_of_Murad_V.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Tughra_of_Murad_V.svg/150px-Tughra_of_Murad_V.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Tughra_of_Murad_V.svg/200px-Tughra_of_Murad_V.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="421" /></a></span> </td> <td align="left"> <ul><li>Son of Abdulmejid I and <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eevkefza_Sultan" title="Şevkefza Sultan">Şevkefza Sultan</a>.</li> <li>Deposed due to his ill mental health</li> <li>Ordered to reside in <a href="/wiki/%C3%87%C4%B1ra%C4%9Fan_Palace" title="Çırağan Palace">Çırağan Palace</a> where he died on 29 August 1904.</li></ul> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td>34 </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Hamid_II" title="Abdul Hamid II">Abdul Hamid II</a></b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sultan_Gazi_Abd%C3%BCl_Hamid_II_-_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A_%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Sultan_Gazi_Abd%C3%BCl_Hamid_II_-_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A_%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A.png/100px-Sultan_Gazi_Abd%C3%BCl_Hamid_II_-_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A_%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Sultan_Gazi_Abd%C3%BCl_Hamid_II_-_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A_%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A.png/150px-Sultan_Gazi_Abd%C3%BCl_Hamid_II_-_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A_%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Sultan_Gazi_Abd%C3%BCl_Hamid_II_-_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A_%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A.png/200px-Sultan_Gazi_Abd%C3%BCl_Hamid_II_-_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A_%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A.png 2x" data-file-width="544" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </td> <td>31 August 1876 –<br /><a href="/wiki/31_March_Incident" class="mw-redirect" title="31 March Incident">27 April 1909</a><br /><small>(<span data-sort-value="7004119260000000000♠"></span>32 years, 239 days)</small> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tughra_of_Abd%C3%BClhamid_II.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tughra of Abdul Hamid II"><img alt="Tughra of Abdul Hamid II" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Tughra_of_Abd%C3%BClhamid_II.svg/100px-Tughra_of_Abd%C3%BClhamid_II.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Tughra_of_Abd%C3%BClhamid_II.svg/150px-Tughra_of_Abd%C3%BClhamid_II.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Tughra_of_Abd%C3%BClhamid_II.svg/200px-Tughra_of_Abd%C3%BClhamid_II.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="385" data-file-height="290" /></a></span> </td> <td align="left"> <ul><li>Son of Abdulmejid I and <a href="/wiki/Tirim%C3%BCjgan_Kad%C4%B1n" title="Tirimüjgan Kadın">Tirimüjgan Kadın</a> (later became the adoptive son of <a href="/wiki/Perestu_Kad%C4%B1n" class="mw-redirect" title="Perestu Kadın">Rahime Perestu Sultan</a>).</li> <li>Reluctantly allowed the <a href="/wiki/First_Constitutional_Era_(Ottoman_Empire)" class="mw-redirect" title="First Constitutional Era (Ottoman Empire)">First Constitutional Era</a> on 23 November 1876 and then suspended it on 13 February 1878.</li> <li>Forced to restore the <a href="/wiki/Second_Constitutional_Era_(Ottoman_Empire)" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Constitutional Era (Ottoman Empire)">Second Constitutional Era</a> on 3 July 1908;</li> <li>Deposed after the <a href="/wiki/31_March_Incident" class="mw-redirect" title="31 March Incident">31 March Incident</a>.</li> <li>Confined to <a href="/wiki/Beylerbeyi_Palace" title="Beylerbeyi Palace">Beylerbeyi Palace</a> where he died on 10 February 1918.</li></ul> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1293_Ottoman_2_piatres.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/1293_Ottoman_2_piatres.jpg/180px-1293_Ottoman_2_piatres.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/1293_Ottoman_2_piatres.jpg/270px-1293_Ottoman_2_piatres.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/1293_Ottoman_2_piatres.jpg/360px-1293_Ottoman_2_piatres.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>35 </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_V" title="Mehmed V">Mehmed V</a></b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sultan_Muhammed_Chan_V.,_Kaiser_der_Osmanen_1915_C._Pietzner.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Sultan_Muhammed_Chan_V.%2C_Kaiser_der_Osmanen_1915_C._Pietzner.jpg/100px-Sultan_Muhammed_Chan_V.%2C_Kaiser_der_Osmanen_1915_C._Pietzner.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Sultan_Muhammed_Chan_V.%2C_Kaiser_der_Osmanen_1915_C._Pietzner.jpg/150px-Sultan_Muhammed_Chan_V.%2C_Kaiser_der_Osmanen_1915_C._Pietzner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Sultan_Muhammed_Chan_V.%2C_Kaiser_der_Osmanen_1915_C._Pietzner.jpg/200px-Sultan_Muhammed_Chan_V.%2C_Kaiser_der_Osmanen_1915_C._Pietzner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1102" /></a></span> </td> <td>27 April 1909 –<br />3 July 1918<br /><small>(<span data-sort-value="7003335400000000000♠"></span>9 years, 67 days)</small> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tughra_of_Mehmed_V.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tughra of Mehmed V"><img alt="Tughra of Mehmed V" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Tughra_of_Mehmed_V.svg/80px-Tughra_of_Mehmed_V.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Tughra_of_Mehmed_V.svg/120px-Tughra_of_Mehmed_V.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Tughra_of_Mehmed_V.svg/160px-Tughra_of_Mehmed_V.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="390" data-file-height="287" /></a></span> </td> <td align="left"> <ul><li>Son of Abdulmejid I and <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BClcemal_Kad%C4%B1n" title="Gülcemal Kadın">Gülcemal Kadın</a> (later became the adoptive son of <a href="/wiki/Servetseza_Kad%C4%B1n" title="Servetseza Kadın">Servetseza Kadın</a>).</li> <li>Reigned as a <a href="/wiki/Figurehead" title="Figurehead">figurehead</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mehmed_Talat" class="mw-redirect" title="Mehmed Talat">Mehmed Talat</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0smail_Enver" class="mw-redirect" title="İsmail Enver">İsmail Enver</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Djemal" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmed Djemal">Ahmed Cemal</a> <a href="/wiki/Three_Pashas" title="Three Pashas">Pashas</a></li> <li>Reigned until his death.</li></ul> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lira_of_Mehmed_V,_1911.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Lira_of_Mehmed_V%2C_1911.jpg/180px-Lira_of_Mehmed_V%2C_1911.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Lira_of_Mehmed_V%2C_1911.jpg/270px-Lira_of_Mehmed_V%2C_1911.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Lira_of_Mehmed_V%2C_1911.jpg/360px-Lira_of_Mehmed_V%2C_1911.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="387" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>36 </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_VI" title="Mehmed VI">Mehmed VI</a></b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sultan_Mehmed_VI_of_the_Ottoman_Empire.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Sultan_Mehmed_VI_of_the_Ottoman_Empire.jpg/100px-Sultan_Mehmed_VI_of_the_Ottoman_Empire.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Sultan_Mehmed_VI_of_the_Ottoman_Empire.jpg/150px-Sultan_Mehmed_VI_of_the_Ottoman_Empire.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Sultan_Mehmed_VI_of_the_Ottoman_Empire.jpg/200px-Sultan_Mehmed_VI_of_the_Ottoman_Empire.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3860" data-file-height="5146" /></a></span> </td> <td>4 July 1918 –<br /><a href="/wiki/Abolition_of_the_Ottoman_sultanate" title="Abolition of the Ottoman sultanate">1 November 1922</a><br /><small>(<span data-sort-value="7003158100000000000♠"></span>4 years, 120 days)</small> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tughra_of_Mehmed_VI.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tughra of Mehmed VI"><img alt="Tughra of Mehmed VI" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Tughra_of_Mehmed_VI.svg/100px-Tughra_of_Mehmed_VI.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Tughra_of_Mehmed_VI.svg/150px-Tughra_of_Mehmed_VI.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Tughra_of_Mehmed_VI.svg/200px-Tughra_of_Mehmed_VI.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="435" data-file-height="320" /></a></span> </td> <td align="left"> <ul><li>Son of Abdulmejid I and <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BClistu_Kad%C4%B1n" title="Gülistu Kadın">Gülistu Kadın</a> (later became the adoptive son of <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eayeste_Han%C4%B1m" title="Şayeste Hanım">Şayeste Hanım</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abolition_of_the_Ottoman_Sultanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Abolition of the Ottoman Sultanate">Sultanate abolished</a>.</li> <li>Left <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a> on 17 November 1922.</li> <li>Died in <a href="/wiki/Exile" title="Exile">exile</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sanremo" title="Sanremo">Sanremo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Italy</a> on 16 May 1926.</li></ul> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:36-1336-01-500K-kost-au.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/36-1336-01-500K-kost-au.jpg/180px-36-1336-01-500K-kost-au.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/36-1336-01-500K-kost-au.jpg/270px-36-1336-01-500K-kost-au.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/36-1336-01-500K-kost-au.jpg/360px-36-1336-01-500K-kost-au.jpg 2x" data-file-width="492" data-file-height="244" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7" style="background:#B9B9B9"><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Caliphate#Abolition" title="Ottoman Caliphate">Caliph</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Grand_National_Assembly_of_Turkey" title="Grand National Assembly of Turkey">Grand National Assembly of Turkey</a><br /><small>(1 November 1922 – 3 March 1924)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Abdulmejid_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdulmejid II">Abdulmejid II</a></b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_Caliph_Abdulmecid_II.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Portrait_Caliph_Abdulmecid_II.jpg/100px-Portrait_Caliph_Abdulmecid_II.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Portrait_Caliph_Abdulmecid_II.jpg/150px-Portrait_Caliph_Abdulmecid_II.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Portrait_Caliph_Abdulmecid_II.jpg/200px-Portrait_Caliph_Abdulmecid_II.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1185" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span> </td> <td>19 November 1922 –<br /><a href="/wiki/Abolition_of_the_Caliphate" title="Abolition of the Caliphate">3 March 1924</a><br /><small>(<span data-sort-value="7002471000000000000♠"></span>1 year, 106 days)</small> </td> <td>—<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_Tughra2"><a href="#endnote_Tughra2">[c]</a></sup> </td> <td align="left"> <ul><li>Son of Abdulaziz and <a href="/wiki/Hayranidil_Kad%C4%B1n" title="Hayranidil Kadın">Hayranidil Kadın</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exile" title="Exile">Exiled</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Abolition_of_the_Caliphate" title="Abolition of the Caliphate">abolition of the Caliphate</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Died in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> on 23 August 1944.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </td> <td>— </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_sultans_of_the_Ottoman_Empire&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sultans_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Sultans of the Ottoman Empire">Sultans of the Ottoman Empire</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Line_of_succession_to_the_Ottoman_throne" class="mw-redirect" title="Line of succession to the Ottoman throne">Line of succession to the Ottoman throne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_family_tree_(simplified)" title="Ottoman family tree (simplified)">Ottoman sultan family tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_family_tree" title="Ottoman family tree">Ottoman family tree</a> (more detailed)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_valide_sultans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of valide sultans">List of valide sultans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ottoman_grand_viziers" title="List of Ottoman grand viziers">List of Ottoman grand viziers</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_sultans_of_the_Ottoman_Empire&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <dl><dd><b>a</b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_Titles1"><a href="#ref_Titles1"><b><sup>1</sup></b></a></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_Titles2"><a href="#ref_Titles2"><b><sup>2</sup></b></a></span> : The <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_titles" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman titles">full style</a> of the Ottoman ruler was complex, as it was composed of several titles and evolved over the centuries. The title of <a href="/wiki/Sultan" title="Sultan">sultan</a> was used continuously by all rulers almost from the beginning. However, because it was widespread in the Muslim world, the Ottomans quickly adopted variations of it to dissociate themselves from other Muslim rulers of lesser status. <a href="/wiki/Murad_I" title="Murad I">Murad I</a>, the third Ottoman monarch, styled himself <i>sultân-ı âzam</i> (<span title="Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928)-language text"><span lang="ota" dir="rtl">سلطان اعظم</span></span>, the most exalted sultan) and <i>hüdavendigar</i> (<span title="Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928)-language text"><span lang="ota" dir="rtl">خداوندگار</span></span>, emperor), titles used by the Anatolian <a href="/wiki/Seljuq_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Seljuq dynasty">Seljuqs</a> and the Mongol <a href="/wiki/Ilkhanate" title="Ilkhanate">Ilkhanids</a> respectively. His son <a href="/wiki/Bayezid_I" title="Bayezid I">Bayezid I</a> adopted the style <i>Sultan of Rûm</i>, <a href="/wiki/R%C3%BBm" class="mw-redirect" title="Rûm">Rûm</a> being an old Islamic name for the Roman Empire. The combining of the Islamic and Central Asian heritages of the Ottomans led to the adoption of the title that became the standard designation of the Ottoman ruler: <i>Sultan [Name] Khan</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ironically, although the title of sultan is most often associated in the <a href="/wiki/Western_world" title="Western world">Western world</a> with the Ottomans, people within Turkey generally use the title of <i><a href="/wiki/Padishah" title="Padishah">padishah</a></i> far more frequently when referring to rulers of the Ottoman Dynasty.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dd><b>b</b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_Caliphate1"><a href="#ref_Caliphate1"><b><sup>1</sup></b></a></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_Caliphate2"><a href="#ref_Caliphate2"><b><sup>2</sup></b></a></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_Caliphate3"><a href="#ref_Caliphate3"><b><sup>3</sup></b></a></span> : The <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Caliphate" title="Ottoman Caliphate">Ottoman Caliphate</a> symbolized their spiritual power, whereas the sultanate represented their temporal power. According to Ottoman <a href="/wiki/Historiography" title="Historiography">historiography</a>, <a href="/wiki/Murad_I" title="Murad I">Murad I</a> adopted the title of caliph during his reign (1362 to 1389), and <a href="/wiki/Selim_I" title="Selim I">Selim I</a> later strengthened the caliphal authority during his <a href="/wiki/Ottoman%E2%80%93Mamluk_War_(1516%E2%80%9317)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman–Mamluk War (1516–17)">conquest of Egypt</a> in 1516-1517. However, the general consensus among modern scholars is that Ottoman rulers had used the title of caliph before the conquest of Egypt, as early as during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Murad_I" title="Murad I">Murad I</a> (1362–1389), who brought most of the Balkans under Ottoman rule and established the title of sultan in 1383. It is currently agreed that the caliphate "disappeared" for two-and-a-half centuries, before being revived with the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_K%C3%BC%C3%A7%C3%BCk_Kaynarca" title="Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca">Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca</a>, signed between the Ottoman Empire and <a href="/wiki/Catherine_II_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Catherine II of Russia">Catherine II of Russia</a> in 1774. The treaty was highly symbolic, since it marked the first international recognition of the Ottomans' claim to the caliphate. Although the treaty made official the Ottoman Empire's loss of the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_Khanate" title="Crimean Khanate">Crimean Khanate</a>, it acknowledged the Ottoman caliph's continuing religious authority over <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Russia" title="Islam in Russia">Muslims in Russia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From the 18th century onwards, Ottoman sultans increasingly emphasized their status as caliphs in order to stir <a href="/wiki/Pan-Islamism" title="Pan-Islamism">Pan-Islamist</a> sentiments among the empire's Muslims in the face of encroaching European imperialism. When <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> broke out, the sultan/caliph issued a call for <i><a href="/wiki/Jihad" title="Jihad">jihad</a></i> in 1914 against the Ottoman Empire's <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_I" title="Allies of World War I">Allied enemies</a>, unsuccessfully attempting to incite the subjects of the <a href="/wiki/French_colonial_empire" title="French colonial empire">French</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian</a> empires to revolt. <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Hamid_II" title="Abdul Hamid II">Abdul Hamid II</a> was by far the Ottoman sultan who made the most use of his caliphal position, and was recognized as caliph by many Muslim heads of state, even as far away as <a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He had his claim to the title inserted into the <a href="/wiki/Kan%C3%BBn-%C4%B1_Es%C3%A2s%C3%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanûn-ı Esâsî">1876 Constitution</a> (Article 4).<sup id="cite_ref-Toprak_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Toprak-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dd><b>c</b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_Tughra1"><a href="#ref_Tughra1"><b><sup>1</sup></b></a></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_Tughra2"><a href="#ref_Tughra2"><b><sup>2</sup></b></a></span> : <a href="/wiki/Tughra" title="Tughra">Tughras</a> were used by 35 out of 36 Ottoman sultans, starting with <a href="/wiki/Orhan" title="Orhan">Orhan</a> in the 14th century, whose tughra has been found on two different documents. No tughra bearing the name of <a href="/wiki/Osman_I" title="Osman I">Osman I</a>, the founder of the empire, has ever been discovered,<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although a coin with the inscription "Osman bin Ertuğrul" has been identified.<sup id="cite_ref-coin_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-coin-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Abdulmejid_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdulmejid II">Abdulmejid II</a>, the last Ottoman Caliph, also lacked a tughra of his own, since he did not serve as <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a> (that position being held by <a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Mustafa Kemal</a>, President of the newly founded Republic of Turkey) but as a religious and royal <a href="/wiki/Figurehead" title="Figurehead">figurehead</a>.</dd> <dd><b>d</b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_Interregnum"><b><a href="#ref_Interregnum">^</a></b></span> : The <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Interregnum" title="Ottoman Interregnum">Ottoman Interregnum</a>, also known as the Ottoman Triumvirate (<a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr">Fetret Devri</i>), was a period of chaos in the Ottoman Empire which lasted from 1402 to 1413. It started following the defeat and capture of <a href="/wiki/Bayezid_I" title="Bayezid I">Bayezid I</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Turco-</a><a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongol</a> warlord <a href="/wiki/Timur" title="Timur">Tamerlane</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ankara" title="Battle of Ankara">Battle of Ankara</a>, which was fought on 20 July 1402. Bayezid's sons fought each other for over a decade, until <a href="/wiki/Mehmed_I" title="Mehmed I">Mehmed I</a> emerged as the undisputed victor in 1413.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dd><b>e</b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_Dissolution"><b><a href="#ref_Dissolution">^</a></b></span> : The <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire">dissolution of the Ottoman Empire</a> was a gradual process which started with the abolition of the sultanate and ended with that of the caliphate 16 months later. The sultanate was formally abolished on 1 November 1922. Sultan <a href="/wiki/Mehmed_VI" title="Mehmed VI">Mehmed VI</a> fled to <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a> on 17 November aboard the British warship <i><a href="/wiki/HMS_Malaya" title="HMS Malaya">Malaya</a></i>. This event marked the end of the Ottoman <i>Dynasty</i>, not of the Ottoman <i>State</i> nor of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Caliphate" title="Ottoman Caliphate">Ottoman Caliphate</a>. On 19 November, the <a href="/wiki/Grand_National_Assembly_of_Turkey" title="Grand National Assembly of Turkey">Grand National Assembly</a> (TBMM) elected Mehmed VI's cousin <a href="/wiki/Abdulmejid_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdulmejid II">Abdulmejid II</a>, the then crown prince, as caliph.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The official end of the Ottoman State was declared through the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lausanne" title="Treaty of Lausanne">Treaty of Lausanne</a> (24 July 1923), which recognized the new "<a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a> government," and not the old Istanbul-based Ottoman government, as representing the rightful owner and successor state. The <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Republic of Turkey</a> was proclaimed by the TBMM on 29 October 1923, with <a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Mustafa Kemal</a> as its first <a href="/wiki/President_of_Turkey" title="President of Turkey">President</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although Abdulmejid II was a <a href="/wiki/Figurehead" title="Figurehead">figurehead</a> lacking any political power, he remained in his position of Caliph until the office of the Caliphate was abolished by the TBMM on 3 March 1924.<sup id="cite_ref-Toprak_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Toprak-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mehmed VI later tried unsuccessfully to reinstall himself as caliph in the <a href="/wiki/Hejaz" title="Hejaz">Hejaz</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_sultans_of_the_Ottoman_Empire&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Sta01">Stavrides 2001</a>, p. 21</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Kaf95">Kafadar 1995</a>, p. 122. "That they hailed from the Kayı branch of the Oğuz confederacy seems to be a creative "rediscovery" in the genealogical concoction of the fifteenth century. It is missing not only in Ahmedi but also, and more importantly, in the Yahşi Fakih-Aşıkpaşazade narrative, which gives its own version of an elaborate genealogical family tree going back to Noah. If there was a particularly significant claim to Kayı lineage, it is hard to imagine that Yahşi Fakih would not have heard of it."<br /> <a href="#Low03">Lowry 2003</a>, p. 78. "Based on these charters, all of which were drawn up between 1324 and 1360 (almost one hundred fifty years prior to the emergence of the Ottoman dynastic myth identifying them as members of the Kayı branch of the Oguz federation of Turkish tribes), we may posit that..."<br /> <a href="#Lin83">Lindner 1983</a>, p. 10. "In fact, no matter how one were to try, the sources simply do not allow the recovery of a family tree linking the antecedents of Osman to the Kayı of the Oğuz tribe. Without a proven genealogy, or even without evidence of sufficient care to produce a single genealogy to be presented to all the court chroniclers, there obviously could be no tribe; thus, the tribe was not a factor in early Ottoman history."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Gla96">Glazer 1996</a>, "War of Independence"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Straussp4344-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Straussp4344_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Straussp4344_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Straussp4344_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Straussp4344_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Straussp4344_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Straussp4344_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Str10">Strauss 2010</a>, pp. 21–51.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMiller1908" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Miller_(historian)" title="William Miller (historian)">Miller, William</a> (1908). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/latinsinlevanthi00mill/"><i>The Latins in the Levant: A History of Frankish Greece (1204–1566)</i></a>. 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Leiden: <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill Publishers</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-12106-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-12106-5"><bdi>978-90-04-12106-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/46640850">46640850</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-04-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sultan+of+Vezirs%3A+The+Life+and+Times+of+the+Ottoman+Grand+Vezir+Mahmud+Pasha+Angelovi%C4%87+%281453%E2%80%931474%29&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pub=Brill+Publishers&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F46640850&rft.isbn=978-90-04-12106-5&rft.aulast=Stavrides&rft.aufirst=Theoharis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DptXG0uA70lAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+sultans+of+the+Ottoman+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Str10" class="citation book cs1">Strauss, Johann (2010). "A Constitution for a Multilingual Empire: Translations of the <i>Kanun-ı Esasi</i> and Other Official Texts into Minority Languages". In Herzog, Christoph; Malek Sharif (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://menadoc.bibliothek.uni-halle.de/menalib/download/pdf/2734659?originalFilename=true"><i>The First Ottoman Experiment in Democracy</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrzburg" title="Würzburg">Würzburg</a>: <a href="/wiki/Orient-Institut_Istanbul" title="Orient-Institut Istanbul">Orient-Institut Istanbul</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+Constitution+for+a+Multilingual+Empire%3A+Translations+of+the+Kanun-%C4%B1+Esasi+and+Other+Official+Texts+into+Minority+Languages&rft.btitle=The+First+Ottoman+Experiment+in+Democracy&rft.place=W%C3%BCrzburg&rft.pub=Orient-Institut+Istanbul&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Strauss&rft.aufirst=Johann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmenadoc.bibliothek.uni-halle.de%2Fmenalib%2Fdownload%2Fpdf%2F2734659%3ForiginalFilename%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+sultans+of+the+Ottoman+Empire" class="Z3988"></span>} (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://menadoc.bibliothek.uni-halle.de/urn/urn:nbn:de:gbv:3:5-91645">info page on book</a> at <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Martin Luther University">Martin Luther University</a>) // CITED: pp. 43–44 (PDF pp. 45–46/338).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Sug93" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Sugar" title="Peter Sugar">Sugar, Peter F.</a> (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LOln4TGdDHYC"><i>Southeastern Europe under Ottoman Rule, 1354–1804</i></a> (3rd ed.). Seattle: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Washington_Press" title="University of Washington Press">University of Washington Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-295-96033-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-295-96033-3"><bdi>978-0-295-96033-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/34219399">34219399</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-04-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Southeastern+Europe+under+Ottoman+Rule%2C+1354%E2%80%931804&rft.place=Seattle&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=University+of+Washington+Press&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F34219399&rft.isbn=978-0-295-96033-3&rft.aulast=Sugar&rft.aufirst=Peter+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLOln4TGdDHYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+sultans+of+the+Ottoman+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Top81" class="citation book cs1">Toprak, Binnaz (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xIoeAAAAIAAJ"><i>Islam and Political Development in Turkey</i></a>. Leiden: Brill Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-06471-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-06471-3"><bdi>978-90-04-06471-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/8258992">8258992</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-04-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islam+and+Political+Development+in+Turkey&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pub=Brill+Publishers&rft.date=1981&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F8258992&rft.isbn=978-90-04-06471-3&rft.aulast=Toprak&rft.aufirst=Binnaz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxIoeAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+sultans+of+the+Ottoman+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Toy74" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Arnold_J._Toynbee" title="Arnold J. Toynbee">Toynbee, Arnold J.</a> (1974). "The Ottoman Empire's Place in World History". In <a href="/wiki/Kemal_Karpat" title="Kemal Karpat">Karpat, Kemal H.</a> (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=orEfAAAAIAAJ"><i>The Ottoman State and Its Place in World History</i></a>. Social, Economic and Political Studies of the Middle East. Vol. 11. Leiden: Brill Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-03945-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-03945-2"><bdi>978-90-04-03945-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1318483">1318483</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-05-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Ottoman+Empire%27s+Place+in+World+History&rft.btitle=The+Ottoman+State+and+Its+Place+in+World+History&rft.place=Leiden&rft.series=Social%2C+Economic+and+Political+Studies+of+the+Middle+East&rft.pub=Brill+Publishers&rft.date=1974&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1318483&rft.isbn=978-90-04-03945-2&rft.aulast=Toynbee&rft.aufirst=Arnold+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DorEfAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+sultans+of+the+Ottoman+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Top81" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Uğur, Ali (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kitapyurdu.com/kitap/default.asp?id=120251"><i>Mavi Emperyalizm</i></a> [<i>Blue Imperialism</i>] (in Turkish). Istanbul: Çatı Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-975-8845-87-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-975-8845-87-3"><bdi>978-975-8845-87-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/221203375">221203375</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-04-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mavi+Emperyalizm&rft.place=Istanbul&rft.pub=%C3%87at%C4%B1+Publishing&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F221203375&rft.isbn=978-975-8845-87-3&rft.aulast=U%C4%9Fur&rft.aufirst=Ali&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kitapyurdu.com%2Fkitap%2Fdefault.asp%3Fid%3D120251&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+sultans+of+the+Ottoman+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="vonH" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_von_Hammer-Purgstall" title="Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall">von Hammer, Joseph</a>. <i>Osmanlı Tarihi cilt I</i>. condensed by Abdülkadir Karahan. Istanbul: Milliyet yayınları.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Osmanl%C4%B1+Tarihi+cilt+I&rft.place=Istanbul&rft.pub=Milliyet+yay%C4%B1nlar%C4%B1&rft.aulast=von+Hammer&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+sultans+of+the+Ottoman+Empire" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sultans_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sultans of the Ottoman Empire"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ottoman_sultans_/_caliphs" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">sultans</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Caliphate" title="Ottoman Caliphate">caliphs</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_dynasty" title="Ottoman dynasty">Dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_family_tree" title="Ottoman family tree">Family tree (detailed)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_family_tree_(simplified)" title="Ottoman family tree (simplified)">Family tree (simplified)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_dynasty#Succession_practices" title="Ottoman dynasty">Line of succession</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Osman_I" title="Osman I">Osman I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orhan" title="Orhan">Orhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murad_I" title="Murad I">Murad I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayezid_I" title="Bayezid I">Bayezid I</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Interregnum" title="Ottoman Interregnum">Interregnum</a></i> (<i><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0sa_%C3%87elebi" title="İsa Çelebi">İsa Çelebi</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCleyman_%C3%87elebi" title="Süleyman Çelebi">Süleyman Çelebi</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Musa_%C3%87elebi" title="Musa Çelebi">Musa Çelebi</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_I" title="Mehmed I">Mehmed I</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_%C3%87elebi" title="Mustafa Çelebi">Mustafa Çelebi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murad_II" title="Murad II">Murad II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_II" title="Mehmed II">Mehmed II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murad_II" title="Murad II">Murad II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_II" title="Mehmed II">Mehmed II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayezid_II" title="Bayezid II">Bayezid II</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cem_Sultan" title="Cem Sultan">Cem Sultan</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selim_I" title="Selim I">Selim I</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suleiman_the_Magnificent" title="Suleiman the Magnificent">Suleiman I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selim_II" title="Selim II">Selim II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murad_III" title="Murad III">Murad III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_III" title="Mehmed III">Mehmed III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_I" title="Ahmed I">Ahmed I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_I" title="Mustafa I">Mustafa I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osman_II" title="Osman II">Osman II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_I" title="Mustafa I">Mustafa I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murad_IV" title="Murad IV">Murad IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Ibrahim of the Ottoman Empire">Ibrahim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_IV" title="Mehmed IV">Mehmed IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suleiman_II_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Suleiman II of the Ottoman Empire">Suleiman II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_II" title="Ahmed II">Ahmed II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_II" title="Mustafa II">Mustafa II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_III" title="Ahmed III">Ahmed III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_I" title="Mahmud I">Mahmud I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osman_III" title="Osman III">Osman III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_III" title="Mustafa III">Mustafa III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Hamid_I" title="Abdul Hamid I">Abdul Hamid I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selim_III" title="Selim III">Selim III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_IV" title="Mustafa IV">Mustafa IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_II" title="Mahmud II">Mahmud II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdulmejid_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdulmejid I">Abdulmejid I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdulaziz" title="Abdulaziz">Abdulaziz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murad_V" title="Murad V">Murad V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Hamid_II" title="Abdul Hamid II">Abdul Hamid II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_V" title="Mehmed V">Mehmed V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_VI" title="Mehmed VI">Mehmed VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdulmejid_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdulmejid II">Abdulmejid II</a><sup>§§</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup>§</sup> First Ottoman caliph • <sup>§§</sup> Caliph only <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Sultans_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Category:Sultans of the Ottoman Empire">Category</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li>Related templates: <a href="/wiki/Template:Heads_of_the_Osmano%C4%9Flu_family" title="Template:Heads of the Osmanoğlu family">Heads of the Osmanoğlu family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Mothers_of_the_Ottoman_Sultans" title="Template:Mothers of the Ottoman Sultans">Valide sultans</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Turkey&#124;link=Turkey_Turkey" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Turkey_topics" title="Template:Turkey topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Turkey_topics" title="Template talk:Turkey topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Turkey_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Turkey topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Turkey&#124;link=Turkey_Turkey" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Turkey" title="History of Turkey">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal">Ancient and Middle Ages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistory_of_Anatolia" title="Prehistory of Anatolia">Prehistory of Anatolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Anatolia" title="Classical Anatolia">Classical Anatolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Anatolia" title="Byzantine Anatolia">Byzantine Anatolia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal"><a href="/wiki/Seljuk_dynasty" title="Seljuk dynasty">Seljuks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anatolian_beyliks" title="Anatolian beyliks">Beyliks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seljuk_Empire" title="Seljuk Empire">Seljuk Empire</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Manzikert" title="Battle of Manzikert">Battle of Manzikert</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Rum" title="Sultanate of Rum">Sultanate of Rum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_beyliks" title="Anatolian beyliks">Anatolian beyliks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal"><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rise_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Rise of the Ottoman Empire">Rise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Age_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Classical Age of the Ottoman Empire">Classical Age</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Constantinople" title="Fall of Constantinople">Conquest of Constantinople</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transformation_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Transformation of the Ottoman Empire">Transformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Old_Regime" title="Ottoman Old Regime">Ottoman Old Regime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tulip_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Tulip period">Tulip era</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decline_and_modernization_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Decline and modernization of the Ottoman Empire">Decline and modernization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tanzimat" title="Tanzimat">Tanzimat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Constitutional_Era" title="First Constitutional Era">First Constitutional Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Constitutional_Era" title="Second Constitutional Era">Second Constitutional Era</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire">Dissolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Partition of the Ottoman Empire">Partition</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Republic_of_Turkey" title="History of the Republic of Turkey">Republic of Türkiye</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_War_of_Independence" title="Turkish War of Independence">War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_the_Republic_of_Turkey" title="Proclamation of the Republic of Turkey">Proclamation of the republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atat%C3%BCrk%27s_reforms" title="Atatürk's reforms">Atatürk's reforms</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_language_reform" title="Turkish language reform">Language reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secularism_in_Turkey" title="Secularism in Turkey">Secularism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-party_period_of_the_Republic_of_Turkey" title="One-party period of the Republic of Turkey">One-party period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-party_period_of_the_Republic_of_Turkey" title="Multi-party period of the Republic of Turkey">Multi-party period</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal">Overviews</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_history_of_Turkey" title="Constitutional history of Turkey">Constitutional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Turkey" title="Economic history of Turkey">Economic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Economic history of the Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Turkey" title="Military history of Turkey">Military</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkic_migration" title="Turkic migration">Turkic migration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oghuz_Turks" title="Oghuz Turks">Oghuz Turks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkification" title="Turkification">Turkification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_peoples_of_Anatolia" title="List of ancient peoples of Anatolia">Ancient peoples of Anatolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Anatolia" title="History of Anatolia">History of Anatolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Thrace" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Thrace">History of Thrace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Turkey" title="Geography of Turkey">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal"><a href="/wiki/Geographical_regions_of_Turkey" title="Geographical regions of Turkey">Regions</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(west to east)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marmara_region" title="Marmara region">Marmara region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aegean_region" title="Aegean region">Aegean region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Region,_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean Region, Turkey">Mediterranean region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_region" title="Black Sea region">Black Sea region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Anatolia_region" title="Central Anatolia region">Central Anatolia region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Anatolia_region" title="Eastern Anatolia region">Eastern Anatolia region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Anatolia_region" title="Southeastern Anatolia region">Southeastern Anatolia region</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Turkey" title="Climate of Turkey">Climate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Turkey" title="Climate change in Turkey">Climate change</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Turkey" title="List of earthquakes in Turkey">Earthquakes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Anatolian_Fault" title="East Anatolian Fault">East Anatolian Fault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Anatolian_Fault" title="North Anatolian Fault">North Anatolian Fault</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Turkey" title="Environmental issues in Turkey">Environmental issues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_pollution_in_Turkey" title="Air pollution in Turkey">Air pollution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_in_Turkey" title="Waste management in Turkey">Waste management</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Turkey" title="Fauna of Turkey">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_and_vegetation_of_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Flora and vegetation of Turkey">Flora and vegetation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Turkey" title="Geology of Turkey">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Turkey" title="List of lakes of Turkey">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Turkey" title="List of mountains in Turkey">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Turkey" title="List of national parks of Turkey">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Turkey" title="List of rivers of Turkey">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Riviera" title="Turkish Riviera">Turkish Riviera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Turkey" title="Wildlife of Turkey">Wildlife</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Turkey" title="Government of Turkey">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal">Branches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_National_Assembly_of_Turkey" title="Grand National Assembly of Turkey">Legislative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Turkey" title="President of Turkey">Executive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Turkey" title="Cabinet of Turkey">Cabinet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_system_of_Turkey" title="Judicial system of Turkey">Judicial</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Turkey" title="Constitutional Court of Turkey">Constitutional Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Cassation_(Turkey)" title="Court of Cassation (Turkey)">Court of Cassation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Jurisdictional_Disputes" title="Court of Jurisdictional Disputes">Court of Jurisdictional Disputes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_State_(Turkey)" title="Council of State (Turkey)">Council of State</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Turkey" title="Politics of Turkey">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Turkey" title="Elections in Turkey">Elections</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_elections_in_Turkey" title="Parliamentary elections in Turkey">Parliamentary elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_presidential_elections" title="Turkish presidential elections">Presidential elections</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_system_of_Turkey" title="Electoral system of Turkey">Electoral system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Turkey" title="List of political parties in Turkey">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_Turkey" title="Referendums in Turkey">Referendums</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Turkey" title="Administrative divisions of Turkey">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Turkey" title="Foreign relations of Turkey">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Intelligence_Organization" title="National Intelligence Organization">Intelligence Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Interior_(Turkey)" title="Ministry of the Interior (Turkey)">Ministry of the Interior</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Directorate_of_Security_(Turkey)" title="General Directorate of Security (Turkey)">National Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gendarmerie_General_Command" title="Gendarmerie General Command">Gendarmerie</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Turkey" title="Constitution of Turkey">The constitutional system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Armed_Forces" title="Turkish Armed Forces">Turkish Armed Forces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Air_Force" title="Turkish Air Force">Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Land_Forces" title="Turkish Land Forces">Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Naval_Forces" title="Turkish Naval Forces">Navy</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Turkey" title="Economy of Turkey">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Turkey" title="Automotive industry in Turkey">Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Turkey" title="Banking in Turkey">Banking and Finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_construction_and_contracting_industry" title="Turkish construction and contracting industry">Construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_lira" title="Turkish lira">Currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defense_industry_of_Turkey" title="Defense industry of Turkey">Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Turkey" title="Energy in Turkey">Energy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coal_in_Turkey" title="Coal in Turkey">Coal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_in_Turkey" title="Gas in Turkey">Gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_in_Turkey" title="Oil in Turkey">Oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Turkey" title="Renewable energy in Turkey">Renewables</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_trade_agreements_of_Turkey" title="Free trade agreements of Turkey">Free trade agreements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Turkey" title="Science and technology in Turkey">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Turkey" title="Telecommunications in Turkey">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Turkey" title="Tourism in Turkey">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Turkey" title="Transport in Turkey">Transportation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aviation_in_Turkey" title="Aviation in Turkey">Aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Airlines" title="Turkish Airlines">Turkish Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Turkey" title="Rail transport in Turkey">Railways</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Turkey" title="Demographics of Turkey">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_people" title="Turkish people">Turkish people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Turkey" title="Kurds in Turkey">Ethnic Kurds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minorities_in_Turkey" title="Minorities in Turkey">Minorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Turkey" title="Languages of Turkey">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish language</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Turkey" title="Religion in Turkey">Religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Turkey" title="Islam in Turkey">Islam in Turkey</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_cities_and_towns_in_Turkey" title="List of largest cities and towns in Turkey">Cities and towns</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0zmir" title="İzmir">İzmir</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Turkey" title="Immigration to Turkey">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Turkish_provinces_by_life_expectancy" title="List of Turkish provinces by life expectancy">Life expectancy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Turkey" title="Education in Turkey">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Turkey" title="List of universities in Turkey">Universities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_care_in_Turkey" title="Health care in Turkey">Health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Turkey" title="Human rights in Turkey">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Turkey">LGBT rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Turkish_people" title="List of Turkish people">Individuals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Turkey" title="Law enforcement in Turkey">Law enforcement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Turkey" title="Crime in Turkey">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Turkey" title="Corruption in Turkey">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Turkey" title="Terrorism in Turkey">Terrorism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_Turkey" title="Marriage in 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