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</nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Emil Fischer</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke rencana dalam bahasa lain. Tersedia dalam 83 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-83" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">83 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emil_Fischer" title="Emil Fischer – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Emil Fischer" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%84_%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B4%D8%B1" title="إيميل فيشر – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إيميل فيشر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emil_Fi%C5%9Fer" title="Emil Fişer – Azerbaijan" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Emil Fişer" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84_%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%B1" title="امیل فیشر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="امیل فیشر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emil_Fischer" title="Emil Fischer – Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Emil Fischer" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="হের্মান এমিল ফিশার – Benggali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হের্মান এমিল ফিশার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Benggali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Emil_Fischer" title="Hermann Emil Fischer – Cina Min Nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hermann Emil Fischer" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Cina Min Nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%AD%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%A4%D1%96%D1%88%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Герман Эміль Фішэр – Belarus" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Герман Эміль Фішэр" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%AD%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%A4%D1%96%D1%88%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Герман Эміль Фішэр – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Герман Эміль Фішэр" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Emil_Fischer" title="Hermann Emil Fischer – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Hermann Emil Fischer" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%A4%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Емил Фишер – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Емил Фишер" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Emil_Fischer" title="Hermann Emil Fischer – Catalonia" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Hermann Emil Fischer" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Emil_Fischer" title="Hermann Emil Fischer – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hermann Emil Fischer" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Emil_Fischer" title="Hermann Emil Fischer – Denmark" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hermann Emil Fischer" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Denmark" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emil_Fischer" title="Emil Fischer – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Emil Fischer" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Emil_Fischer" title="Hermann Emil Fischer – Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hermann Emil Fischer" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BC%CE%AF%CE%BB_%CE%A6%CE%AF%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%81" title="Εμίλ Φίσερ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εμίλ Φίσερ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emil_Fischer" title="Emil Fischer – Inggeris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Emil Fischer" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggeris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Emil_Fischer" title="Hermann Emil Fischer – Sepanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hermann Emil Fischer" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sepanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Emil_Fischer" title="Hermann Emil Fischer – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hermann Emil Fischer" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Emil_Fischer" title="Hermann Emil Fischer – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hermann Emil Fischer" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84_%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%B1" title="هرمان امیل فیشر – Parsi" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هرمان امیل فیشر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Parsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emil_Fischer" title="Emil Fischer – Perancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Emil Fischer" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Perancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Emil_Fischer" title="Hermann Emil Fischer – Frisian Barat" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Hermann Emil Fischer" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisian Barat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emil_Hermann_Fischer" title="Emil Hermann Fischer – Ireland" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Emil Hermann Fischer" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Ireland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Emil_Fischer" title="Hermann Emil Fischer – Scots Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Hermann Emil Fischer" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scots Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Emil_Fischer" title="Hermann Emil Fischer – Galicia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Hermann Emil Fischer" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emil_Fischer" title="Emil Fischer – Cina Hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Emil Fischer" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Cina Hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%97%A4%EB%A5%B4%EB%A7%8C_%EC%97%90%EB%B0%80_%ED%94%BC%EC%85%94" title="헤르만 에밀 피셔 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="헤르만 에밀 피셔" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D4%B7%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%AC_%D5%96%D5%AB%D5%B7%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Հերման Էմիլ Ֆիշեր – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հերման Էմիլ Ֆիշեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B0" title="हरमन एमिल फिशर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हरमन एमिल फिशर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Emil_Fischer" title="Hermann Emil Fischer – Croatia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Hermann Emil Fischer" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Emil_Fischer" title="Hermann Emil Fischer – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Hermann Emil Fischer" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Emil_Fischer" title="Hermann Emil Fischer – Itali" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Hermann Emil Fischer" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Itali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%9F_%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9C_%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A8" title="הרמן אמיל פישר – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הרמן אמיל פישר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%8E%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AB%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B7%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D" title="ಎಮಿಲ್ ಫಿಷರ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಎಮಿಲ್ ಫಿಷರ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A_%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ემილ ფიშერი – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ემილ ფიშერი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%AD%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%A4%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Герман Эмиль Фишер – Kazakhstan" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Герман Эмиль Фишер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakhstan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Emil_Fischer" title="Hermann Emil Fischer – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Hermann Emil Fischer" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aemilius_Fischer" title="Aemilius Fischer – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Aemilius Fischer" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermanis_Emils_Fi%C5%A1ers" title="Hermanis Emils Fišers – Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Hermanis Emils Fišers" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Emil_Fischer" title="Hermann Emil Fischer – Hungary" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hermann Emil Fischer" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungary" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%95%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%A4%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Херман Емил Фишер – Macedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Херман Емил Фишер" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%BC" title="ഹെർമൻ എമിൽ ഫിഷർ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഹെർമൻ എമിൽ ഫിഷർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B0" title="हेर्मान एमिल फिशर – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="हेर्मान एमिल फिशर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A_%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ემილ ფიშერი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ემილ ფიშერი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%84_%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B4%D8%B1" title="هيرمان اميل فيشر – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هيرمان اميل فيشر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84_%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%B1" title="امیل فیشر – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="امیل فیشر" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD_%D0%AD%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%A4%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Херманн Эмиль Фишер – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Херманн Эмиль Фишер" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Emil_Fischer" title="Hermann Emil Fischer – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hermann Emil Fischer" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%83%9F%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%95%E3%82%A3%E3%83%83%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC" title="エミール・フィッシャー – Jepun" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エミール・フィッシャー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Emil_Fischer" title="Hermann Emil Fischer – Bokmal Norway" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hermann Emil Fischer" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmal Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Emil_Fischer" title="Hermann Emil Fischer – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Hermann Emil Fischer" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Emil_Fischer" title="Hermann Emil Fischer – Occitania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Hermann Emil Fischer" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Emil_Fischer" title="Hermann Emil Fischer – Uzbekistan" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Hermann Emil Fischer" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbekistan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%84_%D9%81%D8%B4%D8%B1" title="ہرمن ایمل فشر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ہرمن ایمل فشر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Emil_Fischer" title="Hermann Emil Fischer – Jerman Rendah" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Hermann Emil Fischer" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Rendah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Emil_Fischer" title="Hermann Emil Fischer – Poland" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hermann Emil Fischer" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Emil_Fischer" title="Hermann Emil Fischer – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hermann Emil Fischer" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Emil_Fischer" title="Hermann Emil Fischer – Romania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Hermann Emil Fischer" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Emil_Fischer" title="Hermann Emil Fischer – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Hermann Emil Fischer" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%AD%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Фишер, Эмиль Герман – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фишер, Эмиль Герман" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Emil_Fischer" title="Hermann Emil Fischer – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Hermann Emil Fischer" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Emil_Fischer" title="Hermann Emil Fischer – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Hermann Emil Fischer" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Emil_Fischer" title="Hermann Emil Fischer – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hermann Emil Fischer" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Emil_Fischer" title="Hermann Emil Fischer – Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Hermann Emil Fischer" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%B5_%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B4%DB%95%D8%B1" title="ئیمیڵ فیشەر – Kurdi Tengah" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئیمیڵ فیشەر" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Tengah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%95%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%A4%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Херман Емил Фишер – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Херман Емил Фишер" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Emil_Fischer" title="Hermann Emil Fischer – SerboCroatia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hermann Emil Fischer" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="SerboCroatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Emil_Fischer" title="Hermann Emil Fischer – Finland" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hermann Emil Fischer" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emil_Fischer" title="Emil Fischer – Sweden" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Emil Fischer" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweden" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="எர்மான் எமில் பிசர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எர்மான் எமில் பிசர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD_%D0%AD%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%A4%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Һерманн Эмил Фишер – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Һерманн Эмил Фишер" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A5_%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="เอมีล ฟิชเชอร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เอมีล ฟิชเชอร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emil_Fischer" title="Emil Fischer – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Emil Fischer" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emil_Fischer" title="Emil Fischer – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Emil Fischer" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%95%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%A4%D1%96%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Герман Еміль Фішер – Ukraine" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Герман Еміль Фішер" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraine" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84_%D9%81%D8%B4%D8%B1" title="ہرمن امیل فشر – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ہرمن امیل فشر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emil_Fischer" title="Emil Fischer – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Emil Fischer" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E5%B0%94%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E5%9F%83%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E8%B4%B9%E6%AD%87%E5%B0%94" title="赫尔曼·埃米尔·费歇尔 – Cina Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="赫尔曼·埃米尔·费歇尔" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Cina Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Emil_Fischer" title="Hermann Emil Fischer – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Hermann Emil Fischer" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B3%80%E6%B0%91%E8%B2%BB%E6%B2%99" title="賀民費沙 – Kantonis" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="賀民費沙" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E5%B0%94%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E5%9F%83%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E8%B4%B9%E6%AD%87%E5%B0%94" title="赫尔曼·埃米尔·费歇尔 – Cina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="赫尔曼·埃米尔·费歇尔" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Cina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q70554#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pautan antara bahasa" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pautan</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ms" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5657302">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn" style="display:inline">Hermann Emil Fischer</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Hermann_Emil_Fischer_c1895.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Hermann_Emil_Fischer_c1895.jpg/220px-Hermann_Emil_Fischer_c1895.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="311" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Hermann_Emil_Fischer_c1895.jpg/330px-Hermann_Emil_Fischer_c1895.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/Hermann_Emil_Fischer_c1895.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="566" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Kelahiran</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Hermann Emil Louis Fischer</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1852-10-09</span>)</span>9 Oktober 1852<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Euskirchen" title="Euskirchen">Euskirchen</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilayah_Rhine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilayah Rhine (laman tidak wujud)">Wilayah Rhine</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Meninggal dunia</th><td class="infobox-data">15 Julai 1919<span style="display:none">(1919-07-15)</span> (umur 66)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republik_Weimar" title="Republik Weimar">Jerman</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Warganegara</th><td class="infobox-data category">Jerman</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Pusat pendidikan</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Universiti_Bonn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Universiti Bonn (laman tidak wujud)">Universiti Bonn</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Universiti_Strasbourg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Universiti Strasbourg (laman tidak wujud)">Universiti Strasbourg</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Terkenal kerana</th><td class="infobox-data">Kajian <a href="/wiki/Gula" title="Gula">gula</a> & <a href="/w/index.php?title=Purin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Purin (laman tidak wujud)">purin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Anugerah</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pingat_Davy" title="Pingat Davy">Pingat Davy</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1890)</span></li> <li>ForMemRS <span style="font-size:85%;">(1899)</span><sup id="cite_ref-formemrs_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-formemrs-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadiah_Nobel_dalam_Kimia" title="Hadiah Nobel dalam Kimia">Hadiah Nobel dalam Kimia</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1902)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadiah_Syarahan_Faraday&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hadiah Syarahan Faraday (laman tidak wujud)">Hadiah Syarahan Faraday</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1907)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pingat_Elliott_Cresson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pingat Elliott Cresson (laman tidak wujud)">Pingat Elliott Cresson</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1913)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5657302"><b>Kerjaya saintifik</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Bidang</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Kimia" title="Kimia">Kimia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institusi</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Universiti_Munich&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Universiti Munich (laman tidak wujud)">Universiti Munich</a> (1875–81)<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Universiti_Erlangen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Universiti Erlangen (laman tidak wujud)">Universiti Erlangen</a> (1881–88)<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Universiti_W%C3%BCrzburg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Universiti Würzburg (laman tidak wujud)">Universiti Würzburg</a> (1888–92)<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Universiti_Berlin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Universiti Berlin (laman tidak wujud)">Universiti Berlin</a> (1892–1919)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Penasihat_kedoktoran" title="Penasihat kedoktoran">Penasihat kedoktoran</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Adolf_von_Baeyer" title="Adolf von Baeyer">Adolf von Baeyer</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pelajar kedoktoran</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Stock&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfred Stock (laman tidak wujud)">Alfred Stock</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Otto_Diels" title="Otto Diels">Otto Diels</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Otto_Ruff&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Otto Ruff (laman tidak wujud)">Otto Ruff</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_A._Jacobs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter A. Jacobs (laman tidak wujud)">Walter A. Jacobs</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludwig_Knorr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ludwig Knorr (laman tidak wujud)">Ludwig Knorr</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oskar_Piloty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oskar Piloty (laman tidak wujud)">Oskar Piloty</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Julius_Tafel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Julius Tafel (laman tidak wujud)">Julius Tafel</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table><p><b>Hermann Emil Louis Fischer</b> <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">FRS</a> FRSE FCS (9 Oktober 1852 – 15 Julai 1919) merupakan seorang ahli kimia Jerman dan <a href="/wiki/Senarai_penerima_Hadiah_Nobel_dalam_Kimia" title="Senarai penerima Hadiah Nobel dalam Kimia">penerima</a> <a href="/wiki/Hadiah_Nobel_dalam_Kimia" title="Hadiah Nobel dalam Kimia">Hadiah Nobel dalam Kimia</a> pada 1902. Beliau menemui esterifikasi Fischer. Beliau juga membangunkan unjuran Fischer, cara simbol untuk melukis atom karbon asimetrik. Beliau tidak pernah menggunakan namanya yang pertama, dan dikenali sepanjang hidupnya hanya sebagai Emil Fischer.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tahun-tahun_awal">Tahun-tahun awal</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emil_Fischer&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bahagian: Tahun-tahun awal" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emil_Fischer&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Tahun-tahun awal"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fischer dilahirkan di <a href="/wiki/Euskirchen" title="Euskirchen">Euskirchen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a>, anak Laurenz Fischer, seorang <a href="/wiki/Ahli_perniagaan" title="Ahli perniagaan">ahli perniagaan</a>, dan isterinya Julie Poensgen. Selepas menamatkan pengajian, beliau ingin mengkaji <a href="/wiki/Sains_semula_jadi" title="Sains semula jadi">sains semula jadi</a>, tetapi bapanya memaksa beliau untuk bekerja dalam perniagaan keluarga sehingga menentukan bahawa anaknya tidak sesuai. Fischer kemudian menghadiri Universiti Bonn pada tahun 1871, tetapi beralih ke Universiti Strasbourg pada tahun 1872. Beliau memperoleh <a href="/wiki/Kedoktoran" title="Kedoktoran">kedoktoran</a> pada tahun 1874 di bawah Adolf von Baeyer dengan kajiannya terhadap phthalein dan telah dilantik sebagai jawatan di universiti. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Penyelidikan">Penyelidikan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emil_Fischer&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bahagian: Penyelidikan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emil_Fischer&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Penyelidikan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fischer terkenal kerana kerjanya pada gula: antara kerja lain, sintesis organik D - (+) - <a href="/wiki/Glukosa" title="Glukosa">glukosa</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan purin (termasuk sintesis pertama <a href="/wiki/Kafein" class="mw-redirect" title="Kafein">kafein</a>). </p><p>Fischer juga berperanan dalam penemuan <a href="/wiki/Barbiturat" title="Barbiturat">barbiturat</a>, satu kelas ubat penenang yang digunakan untuk insomnia, epilepsi, kegelisahan, dan anestesia. Bersama doktor Josef von Mering, beliau membantu melancarkan sedatif barbiturate pertama, barbantik, pada tahun 1904.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rujukan">Rujukan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emil_Fischer&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bahagian: Rujukan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emil_Fischer&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Rujukan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6173370">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-formemrs-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-formemrs_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5110723">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150316060617/https://royalsociety.org/about-us/fellowship/fellows/">"Fellows of the Royal Society"</a>. London: <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a>. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://royalsociety.org/about-us/fellowship/fellows/">yang asal</a> pada 2015-03-16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fellows+of+the+Royal+Society&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Royal+Society&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Froyalsociety.org%2Fabout-us%2Ffellowship%2Ffellows%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AEmil+Fischer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFHorst_Kunz2002" class="citation journal cs1">Horst Kunz (2002). "Emil Fischer – Unequalled Classicist, Master of Organic Chemistry Research, and Inspired Trailblazer of Biological Chemistry". <i>Angewandte Chemie International Edition</i>. <b>41</b> (23): 4439–4451. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F1521-3773%2820021202%2941%3A23%3C4439%3A%3AAID-ANIE4439%3E3.0.CO%3B2-6">10.1002/1521-3773(20021202)41:23<4439::AID-ANIE4439>3.0.CO;2-6</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12458504">12458504</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Angewandte+Chemie+International+Edition&rft.atitle=Emil+Fischer+%E2%80%93+Unequalled+Classicist%2C+Master+of+Organic+Chemistry+Research%2C+and+Inspired+Trailblazer+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=23&rft.pages=4439-4451&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F1521-3773%2820021202%2941%3A23%3C4439%3A%3AAID-ANIE4439%3E3.0.CO%3B2-6&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12458504&rft.au=Horst+Kunz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AEmil+Fischer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFLichtenthaler1992" class="citation journal cs1">Lichtenthaler, F. W. (1992). "Emil Fischers Beweis der Konfiguration von Zuckern: eine Würdigung nach hundert Jahren". <i>Angewandte Chemie</i>. <b>104</b> (12): 1577–1593. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fange.19921041204">10.1002/ange.19921041204</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Angewandte+Chemie&rft.atitle=Emil+Fischers+Beweis+der+Konfiguration+von+Zuckern%3A+eine+W%C3%BCrdigung+nach+hundert+Jahren&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=1577-1593&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fange.19921041204&rft.aulast=Lichtenthaler&rft.aufirst=F.+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AEmil+Fischer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFForster1920" class="citation journal cs1">Forster, Martin Onslow (1920). "Emil Fischer memorial lecture". <i>Journal of the Chemical Society, Transactions</i>. <b>117</b>: 1157–1201. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1039%2FCT9201701157">10.1039/CT9201701157</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Chemical+Society%2C+Transactions&rft.atitle=Emil+Fischer+memorial+lecture&rft.volume=117&rft.pages=1157-1201&rft.date=1920&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1039%2FCT9201701157&rft.aulast=Forster&rft.aufirst=Martin+Onslow&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AEmil+Fischer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1902/fischer-bio.html">Biography</a> Biography of Fischer from Nobelprize.org website</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFFischer1890" class="citation journal cs1">Fischer, Emil (1890). "Synthese des Traubenzuckers". <i>Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft</i>. <b>23</b>: 799–805. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fcber.189002301126">10.1002/cber.189002301126</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Berichte+der+deutschen+chemischen+Gesellschaft&rft.atitle=Synthese+des+Traubenzuckers&rft.volume=23&rft.pages=799-805&rft.date=1890&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fcber.189002301126&rft.aulast=Fischer&rft.aufirst=Emil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AEmil+Fischer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFLópez-Muñoz" class="citation web cs1">López-Muñoz; dll. "The History of Barbiturates". <a href="/wiki/PMC" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Boleh diakses dengan percuma"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2424120">2424120</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Barbiturates&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2424120%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.au=L%C3%B3pez-Mu%C3%B1oz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AEmil+Fischer" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error error citation-comment">Missing or empty <code class="cs1-code">|url=</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#cite_web_url" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>)</span>Missing or empty <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url=</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#cite_web_url" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>)</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pautan_luar">Pautan luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emil_Fischer&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bahagian: Pautan luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emil_Fischer&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Pautan luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1902/fischer-lecture.html">Nobel Lecture</a> <i>Syntheses in the Purine and Sugar Group</i> from Nobelprize.org website</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5OcIAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA238">Eminent Chemists of Our Time</a> By Benjamin Harrow pages 216–239, published 1920 by Von Nostrand Company at books.google.com.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/tf6000053v/">Guide to the Emil Fischer Papers</a> at The Bancroft Library</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fraaVP7NeOEC&pg=PA149">Text-book of Physiological Chemistry in Thirty Lectures</a> by Emil Abderhalden, translated by William Thomas Hall and George Defren; published 1908 by Wiley Company, has many technical references to Fischer's work in Chemistry.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=j9YAAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA189">American Journal of Diseases of Children 1911</a> volume 2 by the American Medical Association also refers to Fischer's work.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JvoIAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA708">An Introduction to the History of Medicine: With Medical Chronology</a> by Fielding Hudson Garrison, page 708 refers to Fischer and Merings discovery of the drugs veronal(1904) and proponal(1905), published 1921 by Saunders Company.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8URLAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA438">1914 Year Book of the American Pharmaceutical Association</a>, page 438 abstracts Fischer and Strauss's work on Phenol-Glucosides – Synthetic Production from Berlin d.D Chem. Germany, page 45(1912) No. 12.</li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Penerima_Hadiah_Nobel_dalam_Kimia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5375175">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Hadiah_Nobel_dalam_Kimia&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Penerima_Hadiah_Nobel_dalam_Kimia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Senarai_penerima_Hadiah_Nobel_dalam_Kimia" title="Senarai penerima Hadiah Nobel dalam Kimia">Penerima</a> <a href="/wiki/Hadiah_Nobel_dalam_Kimia" title="Hadiah Nobel dalam Kimia">Hadiah Nobel dalam Kimia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1901–1925</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="font-size:90%;">1901</span> <a href="/wiki/Jacobus_Henricus_van_%27t_Hoff" title="Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff">Jacobus van 't Hoff</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1902</span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Emil Fischer</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1903</span> <a href="/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius">Svante Arrhenius</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1904</span> <a href="/wiki/William_Ramsay" title="William Ramsay">William Ramsay</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1905</span> <a href="/wiki/Adolf_von_Baeyer" title="Adolf von Baeyer">Adolf von Baeyer</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1906</span> <a href="/wiki/Henri_Moissan" title="Henri Moissan">Henri Moissan</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1907</span> <a href="/wiki/Eduard_Buchner" title="Eduard Buchner">Eduard Buchner</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1908</span> <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford">Ernest Rutherford</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1909</span> <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald">Wilhelm Ostwald</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1910</span> <a href="/wiki/Otto_Wallach" title="Otto Wallach">Otto Wallach</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1911</span> <a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie" title="Marie Curie">Marie Curie</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1912</span> <a href="/wiki/Victor_Grignard" title="Victor Grignard">Victor Grignard</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Sabatier" title="Paul Sabatier">Paul Sabatier</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1913</span> <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Werner" title="Alfred Werner">Alfred Werner</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1914</span> <a href="/wiki/Theodore_William_Richards" title="Theodore William Richards">Theodore Richards</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1915</span> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Willst%C3%A4tter" title="Richard Willstätter">Richard Willstätter</a></li> <li><span style="color:darkgrey"><span style="font-size:90%;">1916</span></span></li> <li><span style="color:darkgrey"><span style="font-size:90%;">1917</span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1918</span> <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Haber" title="Fritz Haber">Fritz Haber</a></li> <li><span style="color:darkgrey"><span style="font-size:90%;">1919</span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1920</span> <a href="/wiki/Walther_Nernst" title="Walther Nernst">Walther Nernst</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1921</span> <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Soddy" title="Frederick Soddy">Frederick Soddy</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1922</span> <a href="/wiki/Francis_William_Aston" title="Francis William Aston">Francis Aston</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1923</span> <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Pregl" title="Fritz Pregl">Fritz Pregl</a></li> <li><span style="color:darkgrey"><span style="font-size:90%;">1924</span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1925</span> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Adolf_Zsigmondy" title="Richard Adolf Zsigmondy">Richard Zsigmondy</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ms/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/80px-Nobel_Prize.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ms/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/120px-Nobel_Prize.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ms/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/160px-Nobel_Prize.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="492" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1926–1950</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="font-size:90%;">1926</span> <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Svedberg" title="Theodor Svedberg">Theodor Svedberg</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1927</span> <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Otto_Wieland" title="Heinrich Otto Wieland">Heinrich Wieland</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1928</span> <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Windaus" title="Adolf Windaus">Adolf Windaus</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1929</span> <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Harden" title="Arthur Harden">Arthur Harden</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hans_von_Euler-Chelpin" title="Hans von Euler-Chelpin">Hans von Euler-Chelpin</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1930</span> <a href="/wiki/Hans_Fischer" title="Hans Fischer">Hans Fischer</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1931</span> <a href="/wiki/Carl_Bosch" title="Carl Bosch">Carl Bosch</a> / <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Bergius" title="Friedrich Bergius">Friedrich Bergius</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1932</span> <a href="/wiki/Irving_Langmuir" title="Irving Langmuir">Irving Langmuir</a></li> <li><span style="color:darkgrey"><span style="font-size:90%;">1933</span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1934</span> <a href="/wiki/Harold_Urey" title="Harold Urey">Harold Urey</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1935</span> <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Joliot-Curie" title="Frédéric Joliot-Curie">Frédéric Joliot-Curie</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ir%C3%A8ne_Joliot-Curie" title="Irène Joliot-Curie">Irène Joliot-Curie</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1936</span> <a href="/wiki/Peter_Debye" title="Peter Debye">Peter Debye</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1937</span> <a href="/wiki/Norman_Haworth" title="Norman Haworth">Norman Haworth</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Karrer" title="Paul Karrer">Paul Karrer</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1938</span> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Kuhn" title="Richard Kuhn">Richard Kuhn</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1939</span> <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Butenandt" title="Adolf Butenandt">Adolf Butenandt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Leopold_Ru%C5%BEi%C4%8Dka" title="Leopold Ružička">Leopold Ružička</a></li> <li><span style="color:darkgrey"><span style="font-size:90%;">1940</span></span></li> <li><span style="color:darkgrey"><span style="font-size:90%;">1941</span></span></li> <li><span style="color:darkgrey"><span style="font-size:90%;">1942</span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1943</span> <a href="/wiki/George_de_Hevesy" title="George de Hevesy">George de Hevesy</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1944</span> <a href="/wiki/Otto_Hahn" title="Otto Hahn">Otto Hahn</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1945</span> <a href="/wiki/Artturi_Ilmari_Virtanen" title="Artturi Ilmari Virtanen">Artturi Virtanen</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1946</span> <a href="/wiki/James_B._Sumner" title="James B. Sumner">James B. Sumner</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Howard_Northrop" title="John Howard Northrop">John Northrop</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wendell_Meredith_Stanley" title="Wendell Meredith Stanley">Wendell Meredith Stanley</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1947</span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Robinson" title="Robert Robinson">Robert Robinson</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1948</span> <a href="/wiki/Arne_Tiselius" title="Arne Tiselius">Arne Tiselius</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1949</span> <a href="/wiki/William_Giauque" title="William Giauque">William Giauque</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1950</span> <a href="/wiki/Otto_Diels" title="Otto Diels">Otto Diels</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Alder" title="Kurt Alder">Kurt Alder</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="font-size:90%;">1951</span> <a href="/wiki/Edwin_McMillan" title="Edwin McMillan">Edwin McMillan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Glenn_T._Seaborg" title="Glenn T. Seaborg">Glenn T. Seaborg</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1952</span> <a href="/wiki/Archer_Martin" title="Archer Martin">Archer Martin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Synge" title="Richard Synge">Richard Synge</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1953</span> <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Staudinger" title="Hermann Staudinger">Hermann Staudinger</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1954</span> <a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Linus Pauling</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1955</span> <a href="/wiki/Vincent_du_Vigneaud" title="Vincent du Vigneaud">Vincent du Vigneaud</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1956</span> <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Hinshelwood" title="Cyril Hinshelwood">Cyril Hinshelwood</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Semyonov" title="Nikolay Semyonov">Nikolay Semyonov</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1957</span> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_R._Todd" title="Alexander R. Todd">Alexander Todd</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1958</span> <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger">Frederick Sanger</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1959</span> <a href="/wiki/Jaroslav_Heyrovsk%C3%BD" title="Jaroslav Heyrovský">Jaroslav Heyrovský</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1960</span> <a href="/wiki/Willard_Libby" title="Willard Libby">Willard Libby</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1961</span> <a href="/wiki/Melvin_Calvin" title="Melvin Calvin">Melvin Calvin</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1962</span> <a href="/wiki/Max_Perutz" title="Max Perutz">Max Perutz</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Kendrew" title="John Kendrew">John Kendrew</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1963</span> <a href="/wiki/Karl_Ziegler" title="Karl Ziegler">Karl Ziegler</a> / <a href="/wiki/Giulio_Natta" title="Giulio Natta">Giulio Natta</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1964</span> <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Hodgkin" title="Dorothy Hodgkin">Dorothy Hodgkin</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1965</span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Woodward" title="Robert Woodward">Robert Woodward</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1966</span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_S._Mulliken" title="Robert S. Mulliken">Robert S. Mulliken</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1967</span> <a href="/wiki/Manfred_Eigen" title="Manfred Eigen">Manfred Eigen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Norrish" title="Ronald Norrish">Ronald Norrish</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Porter" title="George Porter">George Porter</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1968</span> <a href="/wiki/Lars_Onsager" title="Lars Onsager">Lars Onsager</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1969</span> <a href="/wiki/Derek_Barton" title="Derek Barton">Derek Barton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Odd_Hassel" title="Odd Hassel">Odd Hassel</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1970</span> <a href="/wiki/Luis_Federico_Leloir" title="Luis Federico Leloir">Luis Federico Leloir</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1971</span> <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Herzberg" title="Gerhard Herzberg">Gerhard Herzberg</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1972</span> <a href="/wiki/Christian_B._Anfinsen" title="Christian B. Anfinsen">Christian B. Anfinsen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Stanford_Moore" title="Stanford Moore">Stanford Moore</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Stein" title="William Howard Stein">William Stein</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1973</span> <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Otto_Fischer" title="Ernst Otto Fischer">Ernst Otto Fischer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Wilkinson" title="Geoffrey Wilkinson">Geoffrey Wilkinson</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1974</span> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Flory" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul Flory">Paul Flory</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1975</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Cornforth" title="John Cornforth">John Cornforth</a> / <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Prelog" title="Vladimir Prelog">Vladimir Prelog</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="font-size:90%;">1976</span> <a href="/wiki/William_Lipscomb" title="William Lipscomb">William Lipscomb</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1977</span> <a href="/wiki/Ilya_Prigogine" title="Ilya Prigogine">Ilya Prigogine</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1978</span> <a href="/wiki/Peter_D._Mitchell" title="Peter D. Mitchell">Peter D. Mitchell</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1979</span> <a href="/wiki/Herbert_C._Brown" title="Herbert C. Brown">Herbert C. Brown</a> / <a href="/wiki/Georg_Wittig" title="Georg Wittig">Georg Wittig</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1980</span> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Berg" title="Paul Berg">Paul Berg</a> / <a href="/wiki/Walter_Gilbert" title="Walter Gilbert">Walter Gilbert</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger">Frederick Sanger</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1981</span> <a href="/wiki/Kenichi_Fukui" title="Kenichi Fukui">Kenichi Fukui</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roald_Hoffmann" title="Roald Hoffmann">Roald Hoffmann</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1982</span> <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Klug" title="Aaron Klug">Aaron Klug</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1983</span> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Taube" title="Henry Taube">Henry Taube</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1984</span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bruce_Merrifield" title="Robert Bruce Merrifield">Robert Merrifield</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1985</span> <a href="/wiki/Herbert_A._Hauptman" title="Herbert A. Hauptman">Herbert A. Hauptman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Karle" title="Jerome Karle">Jerome Karle</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1986</span> <a href="/wiki/Dudley_R._Herschbach" title="Dudley R. Herschbach">Dudley R. Herschbach</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yuan_T._Lee" title="Yuan T. Lee">Yuan T. Lee</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Polanyi" title="John Polanyi">John Polanyi</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1987</span> <a href="/wiki/Donald_J._Cram" title="Donald J. Cram">Donald J. Cram</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Lehn" title="Jean-Marie Lehn">Jean-Marie Lehn</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_J._Pedersen" title="Charles J. Pedersen">Charles J. Pedersen</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1988</span> <a href="/wiki/Johann_Deisenhofer" title="Johann Deisenhofer">Johann Deisenhofer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Huber" title="Robert Huber">Robert Huber</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hartmut_Michel" title="Hartmut Michel">Hartmut Michel</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1989</span> <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Altman" title="Sidney Altman">Sidney Altman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cech" title="Thomas Cech">Thomas Cech</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1990</span> <a href="/wiki/Elias_James_Corey" title="Elias James Corey">Elias Corey</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1991</span> <a href="/wiki/Richard_R._Ernst" title="Richard R. Ernst">Richard R. Ernst</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1992</span> <a href="/wiki/Rudolph_A._Marcus" title="Rudolph A. Marcus">Rudolph A. Marcus</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1993</span> <a href="/wiki/Kary_Mullis" title="Kary Mullis">Kary Mullis</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_Smith" title="Michael Smith">Michael Smith</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1994</span> <a href="/wiki/George_Andrew_Olah" title="George Andrew Olah">George Olah</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1995</span> <a href="/wiki/Paul_J._Crutzen" title="Paul J. Crutzen">Paul J. Crutzen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mario_J._Molina" title="Mario J. Molina">Mario J. Molina</a> / <a href="/wiki/F._Sherwood_Rowland" title="F. Sherwood Rowland">F. Sherwood Rowland</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1996</span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl">Robert Curl</a> / <a href="/wiki/Harry_Kroto" title="Harry Kroto">Harold Kroto</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Smalley" title="Richard Smalley">Richard Smalley</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1997</span> <a href="/wiki/Paul_D._Boyer" title="Paul D. Boyer">Paul D. Boyer</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_E._Walker" title="John E. Walker">John E. Walker</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jens_Christian_Skou" title="Jens Christian Skou">Jens Christian Skou</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1998</span> <a href="/wiki/Walter_Kohn" title="Walter Kohn">Walter Kohn</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Pople" title="John Pople">John Pople</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1999</span> <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Zewail" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmed Zewail">Ahmed Zewail</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2000</span> <a href="/wiki/Alan_J._Heeger" title="Alan J. Heeger">Alan J. Heeger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alan_MacDiarmid" title="Alan MacDiarmid">Alan MacDiarmid</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hideki_Shirakawa" title="Hideki Shirakawa">Hideki Shirakawa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–kini</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="font-size:90%;">2001</span> <a href="/wiki/William_Standish_Knowles" title="William Standish Knowles">William Knowles</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ry%C5%8Dji_Noyori" title="Ryōji Noyori">Ryoji Noyori</a> / <a href="/wiki/Karl_Barry_Sharpless" title="Karl Barry Sharpless">K. Barry Sharpless</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2002</span> <a href="/wiki/John_B._Fenn" title="John B. Fenn">John B. Fenn</a> / <a href="/wiki/Koichi_Tanaka" title="Koichi Tanaka">Koichi Tanaka</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kurt_W%C3%BCthrich" title="Kurt Wüthrich">Kurt Wüthrich</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2003</span> <a href="/wiki/Peter_Agre" title="Peter Agre">Peter Agre</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roderick_MacKinnon" title="Roderick MacKinnon">Roderick MacKinnon</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2004</span> <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Ciechanover" title="Aaron Ciechanover">Aaron Ciechanover</a> / <a href="/wiki/Avram_Hershko" title="Avram Hershko">Avram Hershko</a> / <a href="/wiki/Irwin_Rose" title="Irwin Rose">Irwin Rose</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2005</span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Grubbs" title="Robert H. Grubbs">Robert H. Grubbs</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_R._Schrock" title="Richard R. Schrock">Richard R. Schrock</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yves_Chauvin" title="Yves Chauvin">Yves Chauvin</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2006</span> <a href="/wiki/Roger_D._Kornberg" title="Roger D. Kornberg">Roger D. Kornberg</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2007</span> <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Ertl" title="Gerhard Ertl">Gerhard Ertl</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2008</span> <a href="/wiki/Osamu_Shimomura" title="Osamu Shimomura">Osamu Shimomura</a> / <a href="/wiki/Martin_Chalfie" title="Martin Chalfie">Martin Chalfie</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roger_Tsien" title="Roger Tsien">Roger Y. Tsien</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2009</span> <a href="/wiki/Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan" title="Venkatraman Ramakrishnan">Venkatraman Ramakrishnan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Steitz" title="Thomas A. Steitz">Thomas A. Steitz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ada_Yonath" title="Ada Yonath">Ada E. Yonath</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2010</span> <a href="/wiki/Richard_F._Heck" title="Richard F. Heck">Richard F. Heck</a> / <a href="/wiki/Akira_Suzuki" title="Akira Suzuki">Akira Suzuki</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ei-ichi_Negishi" title="Ei-ichi Negishi">Ei-ichi Negishi</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2011</span> <a href="/wiki/Dan_Shechtman" title="Dan Shechtman">Dan Shechtman</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2012</span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lefkowitz" title="Robert Lefkowitz">Robert Lefkowitz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Brian_Kobilka" title="Brian Kobilka">Brian Kobilka</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2013</span> <a href="/wiki/Martin_Karplus" title="Martin Karplus">Martin Karplus</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_Levitt" title="Michael Levitt">Michael Levitt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arieh_Warshel" title="Arieh Warshel">Arieh Warshel</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2014</span> <a href="/wiki/Eric_Betzig" title="Eric Betzig">Eric Betzig</a> / <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Hell" title="Stefan Hell">Stefan Hell</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_E._Moerner" title="William E. Moerner">William E. Moerner</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2015</span> <a href="/wiki/Tomas_Lindahl" title="Tomas Lindahl">Tomas Lindahl</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_L._Modrich" title="Paul L. Modrich">Paul L. Modrich</a> / <a href="/wiki/Aziz_Sancar" title="Aziz Sancar">Aziz Sancar</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2016</span> <a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Sauvage" title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage">Jean-Pierre Sauvage</a> / <a href="/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart" title="Fraser Stoddart">Fraser Stoddart</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ben_Feringa" title="Ben Feringa">Ben Feringa</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2017</span> <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Dubochet" title="Jacques Dubochet">Jacques Dubochet</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joachim_Frank" title="Joachim Frank">Joachim Frank</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Henderson" title="Richard Henderson">Richard Henderson</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2018</span> <a href="/wiki/Frances_Arnold" title="Frances Arnold">Frances Arnold</a> / <a href="/wiki/Greg_Winter" title="Greg Winter">Greg Winter</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Smith" title="George Smith">George Smith</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2019</span> <a href="/wiki/John_B._Goodenough" title="John B. 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