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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alternative_terms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alternative_terms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Alternative terms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alternative_terms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historiography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historiography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Historiography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historiography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mythology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mythology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Mythology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Mythology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Mythology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Mythology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Amazons_in_the_Trojan_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Amazons_in_the_Trojan_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Amazons in the Trojan War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Amazons_in_the_Trojan_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_Scythia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Scythia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>In Scythia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_Scythia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Amazon_homeland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Amazon_homeland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Amazon homeland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Amazon_homeland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Heracles_myth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Heracles_myth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Heracles myth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Heracles_myth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theseus_myth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theseus_myth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Theseus myth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theseus_myth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Amazons_and_Dionysus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Amazons_and_Dionysus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Amazons and Dionysus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Amazons_and_Dionysus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Amazons_and_Alexander_the_Great" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Amazons_and_Alexander_the_Great"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Amazons and Alexander the Great</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Amazons_and_Alexander_the_Great-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roman_and_ancient_Egyptian_records" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roman_and_ancient_Egyptian_records"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>Roman and ancient Egyptian records</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roman_and_ancient_Egyptian_records-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Amazon_queens" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Amazon_queens"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.9</span> <span>Amazon queens</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Amazon_queens-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Various_authors_and_chroniclers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Various_authors_and_chroniclers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Various authors and chroniclers</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Various_authors_and_chroniclers-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Various authors and chroniclers subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Various_authors_and_chroniclers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Quintus_Smyrnaeus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Quintus_Smyrnaeus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Quintus Smyrnaeus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Quintus_Smyrnaeus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diodorus_Siculus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diodorus_Siculus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Diodorus Siculus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diodorus_Siculus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Justin_and_Paulus_Orosius" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Justin_and_Paulus_Orosius"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Justin and Paulus Orosius</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Justin_and_Paulus_Orosius-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hyginus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hyginus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Hyginus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hyginus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Valerius_Flaccus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Valerius_Flaccus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Valerius Flaccus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Valerius_Flaccus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Palaephatus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Palaephatus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Palaephatus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Palaephatus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Late_Antiquity,_Middle_Age_and_Renaissance_literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Late_Antiquity,_Middle_Age_and_Renaissance_literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Late Antiquity, Middle Age and Renaissance literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Late_Antiquity,_Middle_Age_and_Renaissance_literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Amazons_in_art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Amazons_in_art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Amazons in art</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Amazons_in_art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Maps" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maps"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Maps</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maps-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Archaeology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Archaeology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Archaeology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Archaeology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Modern legacy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Modern_legacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Modern legacy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Modern_legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-In_literature_and_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_literature_and_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>In literature and media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_literature_and_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1.1</span> <span>Literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Film_and_television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film_and_television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1.2</span> <span>Film and television</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film_and_television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Games" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Games"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1.3</span> <span>Games</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Games-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military_units" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_units"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Military units</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_units-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Social_and_religious_activism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_and_religious_activism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Social and religious activism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_and_religious_activism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Science" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Science"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4</span> <span>Science</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Science-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sources-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Sources subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Primary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Primary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Secondary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secondary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.2</span> <span>Secondary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Secondary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Further reading subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Other_languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1</span> <span>Other languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Amazons</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 75 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-75" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">75 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amasone_(mitologie)" title="Amasone (mitologie) – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Amasone (mitologie)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="أمازونات – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أمازونات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazonlar" title="Amazonlar – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Amazonlar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8_(%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80_%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BE)" title="আমাজন (নারী যোদ্ধা) – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আমাজন (নারী যোদ্ধা)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon" title="Amazon – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Amazon" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Амазонкалар – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Амазонкалар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Амазонкі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Амазонкі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazons" title="Amazons – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Amazons" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Амазонки – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Амазонки" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazonezed" title="Amazonezed – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Amazonezed" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazones_(mitologia)" title="Amazones (mitologia) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Amazones (mitologia)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Амазонсем – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Амазонсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazonky" title="Amazonky – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Amazonky" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazoni" title="Amazoni – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Amazoni" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amason_(mytholeg)" title="Amason (mytholeg) – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Amason (mytholeg)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazone" title="Amazone – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Amazone" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazonen" title="Amazonen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Amazonen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amatsoonid" title="Amatsoonid – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Amatsoonid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%B6%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%82" title="Αμαζόνες – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αμαζόνες" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazonas_(mitolog%C3%ADa)" title="Amazonas (mitología) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Amazonas (mitología)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazonoj" title="Amazonoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Amazonoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazona_(mitologia)" title="Amazona (mitologia) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Amazona (mitologia)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7_(%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C_%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86)" title="آمازون‌ها (اسطوره‌شناسی یونان) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آمازون‌ها (اسطوره‌شناسی یونان)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazones" title="Amazones – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Amazones" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazonas_(mitolox%C3%ADa)" title="Amazonas (mitoloxía) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Amazonas (mitoloxía)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%A7%88%EC%A1%B0%EB%84%A4%EC%8A%A4" title="아마조네스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아마조네스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B0%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ամազոնուհիներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ամազոնուհիներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8" title="अमाज़ोनेस – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अमाज़ोनेस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazonke" title="Amazonke – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Amazonke" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazoni" title="Amazoni – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Amazoni" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_Amazon" title="Orang Amazon – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Orang Amazon" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon" title="Amazon – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Amazon" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazzoni" title="Amazzoni – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Amazzoni" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%96%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA" title="אמזונות – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אמזונות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AB%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ამორძალები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ამორძალები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Амазонкалар – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Амазонкалар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_(m%C3%AEtolojiya_yewnan%C3%AE)" title="Amazon (mîtolojiya yewnanî) – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Amazon (mîtolojiya yewnanî)" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Амазонкалар – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Амазонкалар" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazones" title="Amazones – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Amazones" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazones" title="Amazones – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Amazones" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon%C4%97s" title="Amazonės – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Amazonės" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazonok" title="Amazonok – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Amazonok" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Амазонки – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Амазонки" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BA%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="ആമസോൺസ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ആമസോൺസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%87%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA" title="အားမဇွန် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အားမဇွန်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazonen" title="Amazonen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Amazonen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%9E%E3%82%BE%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3" title="アマゾーン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アマゾーン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Амазонкаш – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Амазонкаш" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amasoner" title="Amasoner – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Amasoner" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amasone" title="Amasone – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Amasone" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaz%C3%B2nas_(mitologia)" title="Amazònas (mitologia) – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Amazònas (mitologia)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazonkalar" title="Amazonkalar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Amazonkalar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%86_(%D8%B3%DA%93%D9%8A_%D9%88%DA%98%D9%88%D9%86%DA%A9%DB%90_%D9%85%DB%90%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86%DB%90)" title="امازون (سړي وژونکې مېرمنې) – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="امازون (سړي وژونکې مېرمنې)" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazonki_(mitologia)" title="Amazonki (mitologia) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Amazonki (mitologia)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazonas_(mitologia)" title="Amazonas (mitologia) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Amazonas (mitologia)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazoane" title="Amazoane – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Amazoane" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Амазонки – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Амазонки" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazona" title="Amazona – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Amazona" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazons" title="Amazons – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Amazons" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazonky_(mytol%C3%B3gia)" title="Amazonky (mytológia) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Amazonky (mytológia)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazonke" title="Amazonke – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Amazonke" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="Амазонке – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Амазонке" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazonke" title="Amazonke – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Amazonke" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amatsonit_(mytologia)" title="Amatsonit (mytologia) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Amatsonit (mytologia)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amasoner" title="Amasoner – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Amasoner" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mga_Amazona" title="Mga Amazona – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Mga Amazona" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="அமசான்கள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அமசான்கள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" 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data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi%E1%BA%BFn_binh_Amazon" title="Chiến binh Amazon – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chiến binh Amazon" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazona" title="Amazona – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Amazona" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%8E%9B%E5%AE%97%E4%BA%BA" title="阿玛宗人 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="阿玛宗人" data-language-autonym="吴语" 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print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Amazons%22">"Amazons"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Amazons%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Amazons%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Amazons%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Amazons%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Amazons%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Amazzone_ferita_-_Musei_Capitolini.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Amazzone_ferita_-_Musei_Capitolini.jpg/220px-Amazzone_ferita_-_Musei_Capitolini.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Amazzone_ferita_-_Musei_Capitolini.jpg/330px-Amazzone_ferita_-_Musei_Capitolini.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Amazzone_ferita_-_Musei_Capitolini.jpg/440px-Amazzone_ferita_-_Musei_Capitolini.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3888" /></a><figcaption>Wounded Amazon of the Capitoline Museums, Rome</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Produzione_greca_o_magnogreca,_sarcofago_delle_amazzoni,_350-325_a.C._ca,_da_tarquinia_05.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Produzione_greca_o_magnogreca%2C_sarcofago_delle_amazzoni%2C_350-325_a.C._ca%2C_da_tarquinia_05.JPG/220px-Produzione_greca_o_magnogreca%2C_sarcofago_delle_amazzoni%2C_350-325_a.C._ca%2C_da_tarquinia_05.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Produzione_greca_o_magnogreca%2C_sarcofago_delle_amazzoni%2C_350-325_a.C._ca%2C_da_tarquinia_05.JPG/330px-Produzione_greca_o_magnogreca%2C_sarcofago_delle_amazzoni%2C_350-325_a.C._ca%2C_da_tarquinia_05.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Produzione_greca_o_magnogreca%2C_sarcofago_delle_amazzoni%2C_350-325_a.C._ca%2C_da_tarquinia_05.JPG/440px-Produzione_greca_o_magnogreca%2C_sarcofago_delle_amazzoni%2C_350-325_a.C._ca%2C_da_tarquinia_05.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>A Greek fighting an Amazon; detail from painted <a href="/wiki/Sarcophagus" title="Sarcophagus">sarcophagus</a> found in Italy, 350–325 BC</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AmazonBattle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/AmazonBattle.jpg/250px-AmazonBattle.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="400" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/AmazonBattle.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="329" data-file-height="598" /></a><figcaption>"Amazon preparing for battle" (Queen <a href="/wiki/Antiope_(Amazon)" title="Antiope (Amazon)">Antiope</a> or <a href="/wiki/Hippolyta" title="Hippolyta">Hippolyta</a>) or "Armed Venus", by <a href="/wiki/Pierre-Eug%C3%A8ne-Emile_H%C3%A9bert" title="Pierre-Eugène-Emile Hébert">Pierre-Eugène-Emile Hébert</a>, 1860, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Amazons</b> (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greek</a>: <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc-Grek" style="font-style: normal;">Ἀμαζόνες</span></span> <i><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn">Amazónes</i></span></i>, singular <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc-Grek" style="font-style: normal;">Ἀμαζών</span></span> <i><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn">Amazōn</i></span></i>; in <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Amāzon</i></span></i>, <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">-ŏnis</i></span></i>) were a people in <a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">Greek mythology</a>, portrayed in a number of ancient <a href="/wiki/Epic_poem" class="mw-redirect" title="Epic poem">epic poems</a> and legends, such as the <a href="/wiki/Labours_of_Hercules" title="Labours of Hercules">Labours of Heracles</a>, the <i><a href="/wiki/Argonautica" title="Argonautica">Argonautica</a></i> and the <i><a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a></i>. They were female warriors and hunters, known for their physical agility, strength, archery, riding skills, and the arts of combat. Their society was closed to men and they raised only their daughters and returned their sons to their fathers, with whom they would only socialize briefly in order to reproduce.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-admay_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-admay-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Courageous and fiercely independent, the Amazons, commanded by their queen, regularly undertook extensive military expeditions into the far corners of the world, from <a href="/wiki/Scythia" title="Scythia">Scythia</a> to <a href="/wiki/Thrace" title="Thrace">Thrace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asia_Minor" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia Minor">Asia Minor</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Aegean_Islands" title="Aegean Islands">Aegean Islands</a>, reaching as far as <a href="/wiki/Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabia">Arabia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-mai_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mai-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Besides military raids, the Amazons are also associated with the foundation of temples and the establishment of numerous ancient cities like <a href="/wiki/Ephesos" class="mw-redirect" title="Ephesos">Ephesos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyme_(Aeolis)" title="Cyme (Aeolis)">Cyme</a>, <a href="/wiki/Smyrna" title="Smyrna">Smyrna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sinop,_Turkey" title="Sinop, Turkey">Sinope</a>, <a href="/wiki/Myrina_(Aeolis)" title="Myrina (Aeolis)">Myrina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Magnesia_ad_Sipylum" title="Magnesia ad Sipylum">Magnesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pygela" title="Pygela">Pygela</a>, etc.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The texts of the original myths envisioned the homeland of the Amazons at the periphery of the then-known world. Various claims to the exact place ranged from provinces in Asia Minor (<a href="/wiki/Lycia" title="Lycia">Lycia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caria" title="Caria">Caria</a>, etc.) to the steppes around the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a>, or even <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Libya" title="Ancient Libya">Libya</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Libyan_Amazon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Libyan Amazon (page does not exist)">Libyan Amazon</a>). However, authors most frequently referred to <a href="/wiki/Pontus_(region)" title="Pontus (region)">Pontus</a> in <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Sea Region">northern Anatolia</a>, on the southern shores of the Black Sea, as the independent Amazon kingdom where the Amazon queen resided at her capital <a href="/wiki/Themiscyra_(Pontus)" title="Themiscyra (Pontus)">Themiscyra</a>, on the banks of the <a href="/wiki/Thermodon" class="mw-redirect" title="Thermodon">Thermodon</a> river.<sup id="cite_ref-mac_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mac-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Decades of archaeological discoveries of burial sites of female warriors, including royalty, in the <a href="/wiki/Eurasian_Steppe" title="Eurasian Steppe">Eurasian Steppes</a> suggest that the <a href="/wiki/Horse_culture" title="Horse culture">horse cultures</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Scythian" class="mw-redirect" title="Scythian">Scythian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sarmatians" title="Sarmatians">Sarmatian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hittites" title="Hittites">Hittite</a> peoples likely inspired the Amazon myth.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2019, a grave with multiple generations of female Scythian warriors, armed and in golden headdresses, was found near <a href="/wiki/Voronezh" title="Voronezh">Voronezh</a> in southwestern Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amazons&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etymology">Etymology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amazons&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Departure_of_the_Amazons_MET_DP318355.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Departure_of_the_Amazons_MET_DP318355.jpg/220px-Departure_of_the_Amazons_MET_DP318355.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Departure_of_the_Amazons_MET_DP318355.jpg/330px-Departure_of_the_Amazons_MET_DP318355.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Departure_of_the_Amazons_MET_DP318355.jpg/440px-Departure_of_the_Amazons_MET_DP318355.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3911" data-file-height="3015" /></a><figcaption><i>Departure of the Amazons</i>, by <a href="/wiki/Claude_Deruet" title="Claude Deruet">Claude Deruet</a>, 1620, <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a>, New York</figcaption></figure> <p>The origin of the word is uncertain.<sup id="cite_ref-Blok1995_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blok1995-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It may be derived from an <a href="/wiki/Iranian_peoples" title="Iranian peoples">Iranian</a> <a href="/wiki/Ethnonym" title="Ethnonym">ethnonym</a> <i>*ha-mazan-</i> 'warriors', a word attested indirectly through a derivation, a denominal verb in <a href="/wiki/Hesychius_of_Alexandria" title="Hesychius of Alexandria">Hesychius of Alexandria</a>'s gloss <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">"ἁμαζακάραν· πολεμεῖν. Πέρσαι"</span></span> ("<i><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">hamazakaran</i></span></i>: 'to make war' in Persian"), where it appears together with the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Iranian_languages" title="Indo-Iranian languages">Indo-Iranian</a> root <i>*kar-</i> 'make'.<sup id="cite_ref-Blok1995_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blok1995-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It may alternatively be a Greek word descended from <span title="Proto-Indo-European-language text">*<i lang="ine">n̥-mn̥gʷ-yō-nós</i></span> 'manless, without husbands' (<a href="/wiki/Alpha_privative" title="Alpha privative">alpha privative</a> combined with a derivation from <i><a href="/wiki/Man_(word)" title="Man (word)">*man-</a></i> cognate with <a href="/wiki/Proto-Balto-Slavic_language" title="Proto-Balto-Slavic language">Proto-Balto-Slavic</a> <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/mangj%C3%A1s" class="extiw" title="wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/mangjás">*mangjá-</a></i>, found in Czech <i>muž</i>) has been proposed, an explanation deemed "unlikely" by <a href="/wiki/Hjalmar_Frisk" title="Hjalmar Frisk">Hjalmar Frisk</a>. A further explanation proposes Iranian *<i>ama-janah</i> 'virility-killing' as source.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Among the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">ancient Greeks</a>, the term <i>Amazon</i> was popularly <a href="/wiki/Folk_etymology" title="Folk etymology">folk etymologized</a> as originating from the Greek <span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el">ἀμαζός</span></span>, <i><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn">amazos</i></span></i> ('breastless'), from -<i>a</i> ('without') and <i><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn">mazos</i></span></i>, a variant of <i><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn">mastos</i></span></i> ('breast'),<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> connected with an <a href="/wiki/Etiology" title="Etiology">etiological</a> tradition once claimed by <a href="/wiki/Justin_(historian)" title="Justin (historian)">Marcus Justinus</a> who alleged that Amazons had their right <a href="/wiki/Mastectomy" title="Mastectomy">breast cut off</a> or <a href="/wiki/Breast_ironing" title="Breast ironing">burnt out</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Patou-mathis2020_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Patou-mathis2020-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is no indication of such a practice in ancient works of art,<sup id="cite_ref-Mayor_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mayor-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in which the Amazons are always represented with both breasts, although one is frequently covered.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Philostratus" title="Philostratus">Philostratus</a>, Amazon babies were not fed just with the right breast.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Author <a href="/wiki/Adrienne_Mayor" title="Adrienne Mayor">Adrienne Mayor</a> suggests that the false etymology led to the myth.<sup id="cite_ref-Mayor_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mayor-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alternative_terms">Alternative terms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amazons&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Alternative terms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Herodotus" title="Herodotus">Herodotus</a> used the terms <i>Androktones</i> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Ἀνδροκτόνες</span></span>) 'killers/slayers of men' or 'of husbands' and <i>Androleteirai</i> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Ἀνδρολέτειραι</span></span>) 'destroyers of men, murderesses'. Amazons are called <i>Antianeirai</i> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Ἀντιάνειραι</span></span>) 'equivalent to men' and <a href="/wiki/Aeschylus" title="Aeschylus">Aeschylus</a> used the term <i>Styganor</i> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Στυγάνωρ</span></span>) 'those who loathe all men'.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAeschylus,_Prometheus_Bound_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAeschylus,_Prometheus_Bound-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In his work <i><a href="/wiki/Prometheus_Bound" title="Prometheus Bound">Prometheus Bound</a></i> and in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Suppliants_(Aeschylus)" title="The Suppliants (Aeschylus)">The Suppliants</a></i>, Aeschylus referred to the Amazons as 'the unwed, flesh-devouring Amazons' (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">...τὰς ἀνάνδρους κρεοβόρους τ᾽ Ἀμαζόνας</span></span>). In the <a href="/wiki/Hippolytus_(play)" title="Hippolytus (play)">Hippolytus</a> tragedy, <a href="/wiki/Phaedra_(mythology)" title="Phaedra (mythology)">Phaedra</a> calls <a href="/wiki/Hippolytus_(son_of_Theseus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hippolytus (son of Theseus)">Hippolytus</a>, 'the son of the horse-loving Amazon' (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">...τῆς φιλίππου παῖς Ἀμαζόνος βοᾷ Ἱππόλυτος...</span></span>). In his <a href="/wiki/Dionysiaca" title="Dionysiaca">Dionysiaca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nonnus" title="Nonnus">Nonnus</a> calls the Amazons of Dionysus <i>Androphonus</i> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Ἀνδροφόνους</span></span>) 'men slaying'.<sup id="cite_ref-Nonnus,_Dionysiaca,_§_20.197_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nonnus,_Dionysiaca,_§_20.197-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAeschylus,_Suppliant_Women_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAeschylus,_Suppliant_Women-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Herodotus" title="Herodotus">Herodotus</a> stated that in the Scythian language, the Amazons were called <i>Oiorpata</i>, which he explained as being from <i>oior</i> 'man' and <i>pata</i> 'to slay'. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historiography">Historiography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amazons&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Historiography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Schedelsche_Weltchronik_d_029.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Schedelsche_Weltchronik_d_029.jpg/220px-Schedelsche_Weltchronik_d_029.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Schedelsche_Weltchronik_d_029.jpg/330px-Schedelsche_Weltchronik_d_029.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Schedelsche_Weltchronik_d_029.jpg/440px-Schedelsche_Weltchronik_d_029.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5821" data-file-height="4249" /></a><figcaption>Amazons in the <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Chronicle" title="Nuremberg Chronicle">Nuremberg Chronicle</a> by <a href="/wiki/Hartmann_Schedel" title="Hartmann Schedel">Hartmann Schedel</a>, 1493</figcaption></figure> <p>The ancient Greeks never had any doubts that the Amazons were, or had been, real. Not the only people enchanted by warlike women of nomadic cultures, such exciting tales also come from ancient Egypt, Persia, India, and China. Greek heroes of old had encounters with the queens of their martial society and fought them. However, their original home was not exactly known, thought to be in the obscure lands beyond the <a href="/wiki/Civilization" title="Civilization">civilized world</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, many classical scholars consider Amazons to be entirely fictional figures, invented by Greek men to serve as “anti-women” or to symbolize Persians.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some authors preferred comparisons to cultures of Asia Minor or even <a href="/wiki/Minoan_Crete" class="mw-redirect" title="Minoan Crete">Minoan Crete</a>. The most obvious historical candidates are <a href="/wiki/Lycia" title="Lycia">Lycia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scythia" title="Scythia">Scythia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sarmatia" title="Sarmatia">Sarmatia</a> in line with the account by <a href="/wiki/Herodotus" title="Herodotus">Herodotus</a>. In his <a href="/wiki/Histories_(Herodotus)" title="Histories (Herodotus)">Histories</a> (5th century BC) Herodotus claims that the <i>Sauromatae</i> (predecessors of the <a href="/wiki/Sarmatians" title="Sarmatians">Sarmatians</a>), who ruled the lands between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea, arose from a union of Scythians and Amazons.<sup id="cite_ref-CyrinoSafran2015_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CyrinoSafran2015-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Herodotus also observed rather unusual customs among the <a href="/wiki/Lycia" title="Lycia">Lycians</a> of southwest Asia Minor. The Lycians obviously followed <a href="/wiki/Matrilineality" title="Matrilineality">matrilineal rules</a> of descent, virtue, and status. They named themselves along their maternal family line and a child's status was determined by the mother's reputation. This remarkably high esteem of women and legal regulations based on maternal lines, still in effect in the 5th century BC in the Lycian regions that Herodotus had traveled to, suggested to him the idea that these people were descendants of the mythical Amazons.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHerodotus,_The_Histories1.173.1_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHerodotus,_The_Histories1.173.1-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Modern historiography no longer relies exclusively on textual and artistic material, but also on the vast archaeological evidence of over a thousand nomad graves from steppe territories from the Black Sea all the way to Mongolia. Discoveries of battle-scarred female skeletons buried with their weapons (bows and arrows, quivers, and spears) prove that women warriors were not merely figments of imagination, but the product of the <a href="/wiki/Scythian" class="mw-redirect" title="Scythian">Scythian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sarmatian" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarmatian">Sarmatian</a> horse-centered lifestyle, however it is not known if these people were the inspiration for the Amazons of Greek mythology.<sup id="cite_ref-jman_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jman-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mythology">Mythology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amazons&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Mythology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Peter_Paul_Rubens_-_The_Battle_of_the_Amazons.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Peter_Paul_Rubens_-_The_Battle_of_the_Amazons.JPG/250px-Peter_Paul_Rubens_-_The_Battle_of_the_Amazons.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Peter_Paul_Rubens_-_The_Battle_of_the_Amazons.JPG/330px-Peter_Paul_Rubens_-_The_Battle_of_the_Amazons.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Peter_Paul_Rubens_-_The_Battle_of_the_Amazons.JPG/500px-Peter_Paul_Rubens_-_The_Battle_of_the_Amazons.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2195" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/The_Battle_of_the_Amazons_(Rubens)" title="The Battle of the Amazons (Rubens)">Battle of the Amazons</a></i>, by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Paul_Rubens" title="Peter Paul Rubens">Peter Paul Rubens</a>, 1618, <a href="/wiki/Alte_Pinakothek" title="Alte Pinakothek">Alte Pinakothek</a>, Munich</figcaption></figure> <p>According to myth, <a href="/wiki/Otrera" title="Otrera">Otrera</a>, the first Amazon queen, is the offspring of a <a href="/wiki/Romance_(love)" title="Romance (love)">romance</a> between <a href="/wiki/Ares" title="Ares">Ares</a> the god of war and the <a href="/wiki/Nymph" title="Nymph">nymph</a> <a href="/wiki/Harmonia_(nymph)" title="Harmonia (nymph)">Harmonia</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Acmonia" title="Acmonia">Akmonian Wood</a>, and as such a demigoddess.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-theoi.com_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-theoi.com-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hin_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hin-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Early records refer to two events in which Amazons appeared prior to the <a href="/wiki/Trojan_War" title="Trojan War">Trojan War</a> (before 1250 BC). Within the <a href="/wiki/Epic_poetry" title="Epic poetry">epic</a> context, <a href="/wiki/Bellerophon" title="Bellerophon">Bellerophon</a>, Greek hero, and grandfather of the brothers and Trojan War veterans <i>Glaukos and Sarpedon</i>, faced Amazons during his stay in <a href="/wiki/Lycia" title="Lycia">Lycia</a>, when King <a href="/wiki/Iobates" title="Iobates">Iobates</a> sent Bellerophon to fight the Amazons, hoping they would kill him, yet Bellerophon slew them all. The youthful King <a href="/wiki/Priam" title="Priam">Priam</a> of <a href="/wiki/Troy" title="Troy">Troy</a> fought on the side of the <a href="/wiki/Phrygia" title="Phrygia">Phrygians</a>, who were attacked by Amazons at the <a href="/wiki/Sakarya_River" title="Sakarya River">Sangarios River</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Amazons_in_the_Trojan_War">Amazons in the Trojan War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amazons&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Amazons in the Trojan War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are Amazon characters in <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Trojan_War" title="Trojan War">Trojan War</a> epic poem, the <i><a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a></i>, one of the oldest surviving texts in Europe (<a href="/wiki/Archaic_Greece" title="Archaic Greece">around 8th century BC</a>). The now lost epic <i><a href="/wiki/Aethiopis" title="Aethiopis">Aethiopis</a></i> (probably by <a href="/wiki/Arctinus_of_Miletus" title="Arctinus of Miletus">Arctinus of Miletus</a>, 6th century BC), like the <i>Iliad</i> and several other epics, is one of the works that in combination form the <a href="/wiki/Epic_Cycle" title="Epic Cycle">Trojan War Epic Cycle</a>. In one of the few references to the text, an Amazon force under queen <a href="/wiki/Penthesilea" title="Penthesilea">Penthesilea</a>, who was of <a href="/wiki/Thrace" title="Thrace">Thracian</a> birth, came to join the ranks of the Trojans after <a href="/wiki/Hector" title="Hector">Hector</a>'s death and initially put the Greeks under serious pressure. Only after the greatest effort and the help of the reinvigorated hero <a href="/wiki/Achilles" title="Achilles">Achilles</a>, the Greeks eventually triumphed. Penthesilea died fighting the mighty Achilles in single combat.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Homer himself deemed the Amazon myths to be common knowledge all over Greece, which suggests that they had already been known for some time before him. He was also convinced that the Amazons lived not at its fringes, but somewhere in or around <a href="/wiki/Lycia" title="Lycia">Lycia</a> in Asia Minor - a place well within the Greek world.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="I want to say "dubious" because it's not known for sure that Homer was a specific person. But there's no citation. Please add one or this passage goes away. (May 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Troy is mentioned in the <i>Iliad</i> as the place of <a href="/wiki/Myrina_(mythology)" title="Myrina (mythology)">Myrine</a>'s death.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHomer,_Iliad2.45–46_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHomer,_Iliad2.45–46-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHomer,_Iliad3.52–55_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHomer,_Iliad3.52–55-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later identified as an Amazon queen, according to <a href="/wiki/Diodorus_Siculus" title="Diodorus Siculus">Diodorus</a> (1st century BC), the Amazons under her rule invaded the territories of the <a href="/wiki/Atlantis" title="Atlantis">Atlantians</a>, defeated the army of the Atlantian city of Cerne, and razed the city to the ground.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_Scythia">In Scythia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amazons&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: In Scythia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Terme_Turkey.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Terme_Turkey.jpg/220px-Terme_Turkey.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Terme_Turkey.jpg/330px-Terme_Turkey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Terme_Turkey.jpg/440px-Terme_Turkey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="2268" /></a><figcaption>An amazon fighter statue in <a href="/wiki/Terme" title="Terme">Terme</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Lyric_poetry" title="Lyric poetry">Poet</a> <a href="/wiki/Bacchylides" title="Bacchylides">Bacchylides</a> (6th century BC) and the historian <a href="/wiki/Herodotus" title="Herodotus">Herodotus</a> (5th century BC) located the Amazon homeland in <i><a href="/wiki/Pontus_(region)" title="Pontus (region)">Pontus</a></i> at the southern shores of the Black Sea, and the capital <a href="/wiki/Themiscyra_(Pontus)" title="Themiscyra (Pontus)">Themiscyra</a> at the banks of the <a href="/wiki/Thermodon" class="mw-redirect" title="Thermodon">Thermodon</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Terme_river" class="mw-redirect" title="Terme river">Terme river</a>), by the modern city of <a href="/wiki/Terme" title="Terme">Terme</a>. Herodotus also explains how it came to be that some Amazons would eventually be living in <a href="/wiki/Scythia" title="Scythia">Scythia</a>. A Greek fleet, sailing home upon defeating the Amazons in battle at the Thermodon river, included three ships crowded with Amazon prisoners. Once out at sea, the Amazon prisoners overwhelmed and killed the small crews of the prisoner ships and, despite not having even basic navigation skills, managed to escape and safely disembark at the Scythian shore. As soon as the Amazons had caught enough horses, they easily asserted themselves in the steppe in between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea and, according to Herodotus, would eventually assimilate with the Scythians, whose descendants were the Sauromatae, the predecessors of the <a href="/wiki/Sarmatians" title="Sarmatians">Sarmatians</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHerodotus,_The_Histories4.110.1_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHerodotus,_The_Histories4.110.1-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-admay_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-admay-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Amazon_homeland">Amazon homeland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amazons&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Amazon homeland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Strabo" title="Strabo">Strabo</a> (1st century BC) visits and confirms the original homeland of the Amazons on the plains by the <a href="/wiki/Terme_River" title="Terme River">Thermodon</a> river. However, long gone and not seen again during his lifetime, the Amazons had allegedly retreated into the mountains. Strabo, however, added that other authors, among them <a href="/wiki/Metrodorus_of_Scepsis" title="Metrodorus of Scepsis">Metrodorus of Scepsis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hypsicrates" title="Hypsicrates">Hypsicrates</a> claim that after abandoning Themiscyra, the Amazons had chosen to resettle beyond the borders of the <a href="/wiki/Gargareans" title="Gargareans">Gargareans</a>, an all-male tribe native to the northern foothills of the <a href="/wiki/Caucasus_Mountains" title="Caucasus Mountains">Caucasian Mountains</a>. The Amazons and <a href="/wiki/Gargareans" title="Gargareans">Gargareans</a> had for many generations met in secrecy once a year during two months in spring, in order to produce children. These encounters would take place in accordance with ancient tribal customs and collective offers of sacrifices. All females were retained by the Amazons themselves, and males were returned to the Gargareans.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 5th century BC poet <a href="/wiki/Magnes_(comic_poet)" title="Magnes (comic poet)">Magnes</a> sings of the bravery of the <a href="/wiki/Lydians" title="Lydians">Lydians</a> in a cavalry-battle against the Amazons.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BlundellBlundell1995_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BlundellBlundell1995-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-vul_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vul-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Heracles_myth">Heracles myth</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amazons&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Heracles myth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NAMA_-_Tyrrhenian_Amphora_by_the_Prometheus_Painter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/NAMA_-_Tyrrhenian_Amphora_by_the_Prometheus_Painter.jpg/170px-NAMA_-_Tyrrhenian_Amphora_by_the_Prometheus_Painter.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/NAMA_-_Tyrrhenian_Amphora_by_the_Prometheus_Painter.jpg/255px-NAMA_-_Tyrrhenian_Amphora_by_the_Prometheus_Painter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/NAMA_-_Tyrrhenian_Amphora_by_the_Prometheus_Painter.jpg/340px-NAMA_-_Tyrrhenian_Amphora_by_the_Prometheus_Painter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1388" data-file-height="2004" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Tyrrhenian_amphorae" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyrrhenian amphorae">Tyrrhenian amphora</a>, depicting an <i>Amazonomachy - Heracles fights Andromache, Telamon fights Ainipe and Iphis fights Panariste</i>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 570</span> BC, <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Fine_Arts,_Boston" title="Museum of Fine Arts, Boston">Museum of Fine Arts, Boston</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Hippolyte" class="mw-redirect" title="Hippolyte">Hippolyte</a> was an Amazon queen killed by <a href="/wiki/Heracles" title="Heracles">Heracles</a>, who had set out to obtain the queen's magic belt in a task he was to accomplish as one of the <a href="/wiki/Labours_of_Hercules" title="Labours of Hercules">Labours of Heracles</a>. Although neither side had intended to resort to lethal combat, a misunderstanding led to the fight. In the course of this, Heracles killed the queen and several other Amazons. In awe of the strong hero, the Amazons eventually handed the belt to Heracles. In another version, Heracles does not kill the queen, but exchanges her kidnapped sister <a href="/wiki/Melanippe" title="Melanippe">Melanippe</a> for the belt.<sup id="cite_ref-Fischer-HansenPoulsen2009_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fischer-HansenPoulsen2009-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Blok1995_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blok1995-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-duBois1991_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-duBois1991-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-vul_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vul-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theseus_myth">Theseus myth</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amazons&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Theseus myth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Queen <a href="/wiki/Hippolyte" class="mw-redirect" title="Hippolyte">Hippolyte</a> was abducted by <a href="/wiki/Theseus" title="Theseus">Theseus</a>, who took her to Athens, where she was married to him and bore him a son, <a href="/wiki/Hippolytus_(play)" title="Hippolytus (play)">Hippolytus</a>. In other versions, the kidnapped Amazon is called <a href="/wiki/Antiope_(Amazon)" title="Antiope (Amazon)">Antiope</a>, the sister of Hippolyte. In revenge, the Amazons invaded Greece, plundered some cities along the coast of Attica, and besieged and occupied Athens. Hippolyte, who fought on the side of Athens, according to another account was killed during the final battle along with all of the Amazons.<sup id="cite_ref-duBois1991_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-duBois1991-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bennett1967_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bennett1967-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Amazons_and_Dionysus">Amazons and Dionysus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amazons&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Amazons and Dionysus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to <a href="/wiki/Plutarch" title="Plutarch">Plutarch</a>, the god <a href="/wiki/Dionysus" title="Dionysus">Dionysus</a> and his companions fought Amazons at <a href="/wiki/Ephesus" title="Ephesus">Ephesus</a>. The Amazons fled to <a href="/wiki/Samos" title="Samos">Samos</a> and Dionysus pursued them and killed a great number of them at a site since called <i>Panaema</i> (blood-soaked field).<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Christian author <a href="/wiki/Eusebius" title="Eusebius">Eusebius</a> writes that during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Oxyntes" title="Oxyntes">Oxyntes</a>, one of the mythical kings of Athens, the Amazons burned down the temple at <a href="/wiki/Ephesus" title="Ephesus">Ephesus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In another myth Dionysus unites with the Amazons to fight against <a href="/wiki/Cronus" title="Cronus">Cronus</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Titan_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Titan (mythology)">Titans</a>. <a href="/wiki/Polyaenus" title="Polyaenus">Polyaenus</a> writes that after Dionysus has subdued the Indians, he allies with them and the Amazons and takes them into his service, who serve him in his campaign against the <a href="/wiki/Bactria" title="Bactria">Bactrians</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nonnus" title="Nonnus">Nonnus</a> in his <i><a href="/wiki/Dionysiaca" title="Dionysiaca">Dionysiaca</a></i> reports about the Amazons of Dionysus, but states that they do not come from Thermodon.<sup id="cite_ref-Nonnus,_Dionysiaca,_§_20.197_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nonnus,_Dionysiaca,_§_20.197-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Amazons_and_Alexander_the_Great">Amazons and Alexander the Great</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amazons&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Amazons and Alexander the Great"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Johann_Georg_Platzer_-_Thalestris_im_Lager_Alexander_des_Gro%C3%9Fen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Johann_Georg_Platzer_-_Thalestris_im_Lager_Alexander_des_Gro%C3%9Fen.jpg/220px-Johann_Georg_Platzer_-_Thalestris_im_Lager_Alexander_des_Gro%C3%9Fen.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Johann_Georg_Platzer_-_Thalestris_im_Lager_Alexander_des_Gro%C3%9Fen.jpg/330px-Johann_Georg_Platzer_-_Thalestris_im_Lager_Alexander_des_Gro%C3%9Fen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Johann_Georg_Platzer_-_Thalestris_im_Lager_Alexander_des_Gro%C3%9Fen.jpg/440px-Johann_Georg_Platzer_-_Thalestris_im_Lager_Alexander_des_Gro%C3%9Fen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4249" data-file-height="2877" /></a><figcaption><i>The Amazon Queen <a href="/wiki/Thalestris" title="Thalestris">Thalestris</a> in the camp of <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Johann_Georg_Platzer" title="Johann Georg Platzer">Johann Georg Platzer</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Amazons are also mentioned by biographers of <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a>, who report of Queen <a href="/wiki/Thalestris" title="Thalestris">Thalestris</a> bearing him a child (a story in the <i><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Romance" title="Alexander Romance">Alexander Romance</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, other biographers of Alexander dispute the claim, including the highly regarded <a href="/wiki/Plutarch" title="Plutarch">Plutarch</a>. He noted a moment when Alexander's naval commander <a href="/wiki/Onesicritus" title="Onesicritus">Onesicritus</a> read an Amazon myth passage of his <i>Alexander History</i> to King <a href="/wiki/Lysimachus" title="Lysimachus">Lysimachus</a> of <a href="/wiki/Thrace" title="Thrace">Thrace</a> who had taken part in the original expedition. The king smiled at him and said: "And where was I, then?"<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> The <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> recounts that Alexander wanted to conquer a "kingdom of women" but reconsidered when the women told him: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p> If you kill us, people will say: Alexander kills women; and if we kill you, people will say: Alexander is the king whom women killed in battle.</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roman_and_ancient_Egyptian_records">Roman and ancient Egyptian records</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amazons&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Roman and ancient Egyptian records"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Amazone_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_8953.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Amazone_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_8953.jpg/170px-Amazone_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_8953.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Amazone_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_8953.jpg/255px-Amazone_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_8953.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Amazone_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_8953.jpg/340px-Amazone_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_8953.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1824" data-file-height="1794" /></a><figcaption>Armed Amazon, her shield decorates a <a href="/wiki/Gorgon" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorgon">Gorgon</a> head; <a href="/wiki/Tondo_(art)" title="Tondo (art)">Tondo</a> of Attic red-figure <a href="/wiki/Kylix" title="Kylix">kylix</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 500</span> BC, <a href="/wiki/Staatliche_Antikensammlungen" title="Staatliche Antikensammlungen">Staatliche Antikensammlungen</a>, Berlin.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Virgil" title="Virgil">Virgil</a>'s characterization of the <a href="/wiki/Volsci" title="Volsci">Volsci</a> warrior maiden <a href="/wiki/Camilla_(mythology)" title="Camilla (mythology)">Camilla</a> in the <i><a href="/wiki/Aeneid" title="Aeneid">Aeneid</a></i> borrows from the myths of the Amazons. <a href="/wiki/Philostratus" title="Philostratus">Philostratus</a>, in <i>Heroica</i>, writes that the <a href="/wiki/Mysian" class="mw-redirect" title="Mysian">Mysian</a> women fought on horses alongside the men, just as the Amazons. The leader was Hiera, wife of <a href="/wiki/Telephus" title="Telephus">Telephus</a>. The Amazons are also said to have undertaken an expedition against the <a href="/wiki/Snake_Island_(Black_Sea)" class="mw-redirect" title="Snake Island (Black Sea)">Island of Leuke</a>, at the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a>, where the ashes of <a href="/wiki/Achilles" title="Achilles">Achilles</a> were deposited by <a href="/wiki/Thetis" title="Thetis">Thetis</a>. The ghost of the dead hero so terrified the horses, that they threw off and trampled upon the invaders, who were forced to retreat.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Virgil" title="Virgil">Virgil</a> touches on the Amazons and their queen Penthesilea in his epic <a href="/wiki/Aeneid" title="Aeneid">Aeneid</a> (around 20 BC). </p><p>The biographer <a href="/wiki/Suetonius" title="Suetonius">Suetonius</a> had <a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a> remark in his <i><a href="/wiki/De_vita_Caesarum" class="mw-redirect" title="De vita Caesarum">De vita Caesarum</a></i> that the Amazons <i>once ruled a large part of Asia</i>. <a href="/wiki/Appian" title="Appian">Appian</a> provides a vivid description of Themiscyra and its fortifications in his account of <a href="/wiki/Lucullus" title="Lucullus">Lucius Licinius Lucullus</a>' <i>Siege of Themiscyra</i> in 71 BC during the <a href="/wiki/Third_Mithridatic_War" title="Third Mithridatic War">Third Mithridatic War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fratantuono2017_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fratantuono2017-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fischer-HansenPoulsen2009_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fischer-HansenPoulsen2009-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An Amazon myth has been partly preserved in two badly fragmented versions around historical people in 7th century BC Egypt. The Egyptian prince <i>Petechonsis</i> and allied Assyrian troops undertook a joint campaign into the <i>Land of Women</i>, to the <i>Middle East</i> at the border to India. <i>Petechonsis</i> initially fought the Amazons, but soon fell in love with their queen <i>Sarpot</i> and eventually allied with her against an invading Indian army. This story is said to have originated in Egypt independently of Greek influences.<sup id="cite_ref-Mayor2014_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mayor2014-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HoffmannQuack2018_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HoffmannQuack2018-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Amazon_queens">Amazon queens</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amazons&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Amazon queens"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Archaeological_museum,_Athens_(4976609478).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Archaeological_museum%2C_Athens_%284976609478%29.jpg/220px-Archaeological_museum%2C_Athens_%284976609478%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Archaeological_museum%2C_Athens_%284976609478%29.jpg/330px-Archaeological_museum%2C_Athens_%284976609478%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Archaeological_museum%2C_Athens_%284976609478%29.jpg/440px-Archaeological_museum%2C_Athens_%284976609478%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="4288" /></a><figcaption>Caryatid Amazon from the villa of <a href="/wiki/Herodes_Atticus" title="Herodes Atticus">Herodes Atticus</a>, 2nd century AD, <a href="/wiki/National_Archaeological_Museum,_Athens" title="National Archaeological Museum, Athens">National Archaeological Museum</a> of <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Sources provide names of individual Amazons, that are referred to as queens of their people, even as the head of a dynasty. Without a male companion, they are portrayed in command of their female warriors. Among the most prominent Amazon queens were: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Otrera" title="Otrera">Otrera</a>, daughter of the nymph Harmonia and god of war, Ares. She is the mother of Hippolyta, Antiope, Melanippe, and Penthesilea and the mythical founder of the <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Artemis" title="Temple of Artemis">Temple of Artemis</a> in Ephesus.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippolyta" title="Hippolyta">Hippolyta</a>, daughter of Otrera and Ares. She is part of the Theseus and Heracles myths, in which Antiope is her sister. Alcippe, the only Amazon known to have sworn a chastity oath, belongs to her entourage.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penthesilea" title="Penthesilea">Penthesilea</a>, who kills her sister Hippolyte in a hunting accident, comes to the aid of the hard-pressed Trojans with her warriors, is defeated by Achilles, who mourns her.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampedo" title="Lampedo">Lampedo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marpesia" title="Marpesia">Marpesia</a>, queens of the Amazons mentioned by <a href="/wiki/Justin_(historian)" title="Justin (historian)">Justin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrina_(mythology)" title="Myrina (mythology)">Myrina</a>, who leads a military expedition in Libya, defeats the Atlanteans, forms an alliance with the ruler of Egypt, and conquers numerous cities and islands.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thalestris" title="Thalestris">Thalestris</a>, the last known Amazon queen. According to legend, she meets the Greek conqueror <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a> in 330 BC. Her home is the Thermodon region, or, variably, the <a href="/wiki/Gates_of_Alexander" title="Gates of Alexander">Gates of Alexander</a>, south of the Caspian Sea.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Various_authors_and_chroniclers">Various authors and chroniclers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amazons&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Various authors and chroniclers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Orient_m%C3%A9diterran%C3%A9en_de_l%27Empire_romain_-_Mosa%C3%AFque_byzantine_-5.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Orient_m%C3%A9diterran%C3%A9en_de_l%27Empire_romain_-_Mosa%C3%AFque_byzantine_-5.JPG/290px-Orient_m%C3%A9diterran%C3%A9en_de_l%27Empire_romain_-_Mosa%C3%AFque_byzantine_-5.JPG" decoding="async" width="290" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Orient_m%C3%A9diterran%C3%A9en_de_l%27Empire_romain_-_Mosa%C3%AFque_byzantine_-5.JPG/435px-Orient_m%C3%A9diterran%C3%A9en_de_l%27Empire_romain_-_Mosa%C3%AFque_byzantine_-5.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Orient_m%C3%A9diterran%C3%A9en_de_l%27Empire_romain_-_Mosa%C3%AFque_byzantine_-5.JPG/580px-Orient_m%C3%A9diterran%C3%A9en_de_l%27Empire_romain_-_Mosa%C3%AFque_byzantine_-5.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4452" data-file-height="3288" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Hippeis#Citizen_cavalry" title="Hippeis">hippeis</a> rider seizes a mounted Amazonian warrior armed with a <a href="/wiki/Labrys" title="Labrys">labrys</a> by her <a href="/wiki/Phrygian_cap" title="Phrygian cap">Phrygian cap</a>. <a href="/wiki/Roman_mosaic" title="Roman mosaic">Roman mosaic</a> emblema (marble and limestone) from Daphne, a suburb of <a href="/wiki/Antioch-on-the-Orontes" class="mw-redirect" title="Antioch-on-the-Orontes">Antioch-on-the-Orontes</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Antakya" title="Antakya">Antakya</a> in <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>), second half of the 4th century AD, the <a href="/wiki/Louvre" title="Louvre">Louvre</a>, Paris.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Quintus_Smyrnaeus">Quintus Smyrnaeus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amazons&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Quintus Smyrnaeus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Quintus_Smyrnaeus" title="Quintus Smyrnaeus">Quintus Smyrnaeus</a>, author of the <a href="/wiki/Posthomerica" title="Posthomerica">Posthomerica</a> lists the attendant warriors of Penthesilea: "<a href="/wiki/Clonie_(Greek_myth)" title="Clonie (Greek myth)">Clonie</a> was there, <a href="/wiki/Polemusa_(mythology)" title="Polemusa (mythology)">Polemusa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Derinoe_(mythology)" title="Derinoe (mythology)">Derinoe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Evandre_(mythology)" title="Evandre (mythology)">Evandre</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Antandre" title="Antandre">Antandre</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bremusa" title="Bremusa">Bremusa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hippothoe" title="Hippothoe">Hippothoe</a>, dark-eyed <a href="/wiki/Harmothoe_(mythology)" title="Harmothoe (mythology)">Harmothoe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alcibie" title="Alcibie">Alcibie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Derimacheia_(mythology)" title="Derimacheia (mythology)">Derimacheia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antibrote_(mythology)" title="Antibrote (mythology)">Antibrote</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Thermodosa_(mythology)" title="Thermodosa (mythology)">Thermodosa</a> glorying with the spear."<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diodorus_Siculus">Diodorus Siculus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amazons&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Diodorus Siculus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Diodorus_Siculus" title="Diodorus Siculus">Diodorus Siculus</a> lists twelve Amazons who challenged and died fighting Heracles during his quest for Hippolyta's girdle: <a href="/wiki/Aella_(Amazon)" title="Aella (Amazon)">Aella</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippis_(mythology)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philippis (mythology) (page does not exist)">Philippis</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Prothoe_(mythology)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prothoe (mythology) (page does not exist)">Prothoe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eriboea_(mythology)" title="Eriboea (mythology)">Eriboea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Celaeno" title="Celaeno">Celaeno</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eurybia_(Greek_myth)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eurybia (Greek myth) (page does not exist)">Eurybia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phoebe_(mythological_characters)" class="mw-redirect" title="Phoebe (mythological characters)">Phoebe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deianira_(mythology)" title="Deianira (mythology)">Deianeira</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asteria_(mythology)" title="Asteria (mythology)">Asteria</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marpe_(mythology)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marpe (mythology) (page does not exist)">Marpe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tecmessa" title="Tecmessa">Tecmessa</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Alcippe_(mythology)" title="Alcippe (mythology)">Alcippe</a>. After Alcippe's death, a group attack followed. Diodorus also mentions <a href="/wiki/Melanippe" title="Melanippe">Melanippe</a>, whom Heracles set free after accepting her girdle and Antiope as ransom.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDiodorus_Siculus,_Bibliotheca_Historica,_Books_I-V4_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDiodorus_Siculus,_Bibliotheca_Historica,_Books_I-V4-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Diodorus lists another group with <a href="/wiki/Myrina_(mythology)" title="Myrina (mythology)">Myrina</a> as the queen who commanded the Amazons in a military expedition in Libya, as well as her sister <a href="/wiki/Mytilene_(mythology)" title="Mytilene (mythology)">Mytilene</a>, after whom she named the <a href="/wiki/Mytilene" title="Mytilene">city of the same name</a>. Myrina also named three more cities after the Amazons who held the most important commands under her, <a href="/wiki/Cyme_(Aeolis)" title="Cyme (Aeolis)">Cyme</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pitane_(Aeolis)" title="Pitane (Aeolis)">Pitane</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Priene" title="Priene">Priene</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Justin_and_Paulus_Orosius">Justin and Paulus Orosius</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amazons&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Justin and Paulus Orosius"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Both <a href="/wiki/Justin_(historian)" title="Justin (historian)">Justin</a> in his <i>Epitome of Trogus Pompeius</i> and Paulus Orosius give an account of the Amazons, citing the same names. Queens <a href="/wiki/Marpesia" title="Marpesia">Marpesia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lampedo" title="Lampedo">Lampedo</a> shared the power during an incursion in Europe and Asia, where they were slain. Marpesia's daughter <a href="/wiki/Orithyia_(Amazon)" title="Orithyia (Amazon)">Orithyia</a> succeeded them and was greatly admired for her skill on war. She shared power with her sister <a href="/wiki/Antiope_(Amazon)" title="Antiope (Amazon)">Antiope</a>, but she was engaged in war abroad when Heracles attacked. Two of Antiope's sisters were taken prisoner, Melanippe by Heracles and <a href="/wiki/Hippolyta" title="Hippolyta">Hippolyta</a> by Theseus. Heracles latter restored Melanippe to her sister after receiving the queen's arms in exchange, though, on other accounts she was killed by <a href="/wiki/Telamon" title="Telamon">Telamon</a>. They also mention Penthesilea's role in the Trojan War.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-justin-2.4_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-justin-2.4-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-thelatinlibrary.com_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thelatinlibrary.com-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Peter_Paul_Rubens_-_Battle_of_the_Amazons.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Peter_Paul_Rubens_-_Battle_of_the_Amazons.jpg/220px-Peter_Paul_Rubens_-_Battle_of_the_Amazons.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Peter_Paul_Rubens_-_Battle_of_the_Amazons.jpg/330px-Peter_Paul_Rubens_-_Battle_of_the_Amazons.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Peter_Paul_Rubens_-_Battle_of_the_Amazons.jpg/440px-Peter_Paul_Rubens_-_Battle_of_the_Amazons.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3980" data-file-height="3120" /></a><figcaption><i>Battle of the Amazons</i> by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Paul_Rubens" title="Peter Paul Rubens">Rubens</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jan_Brueghel_the_Elder" title="Jan Brueghel the Elder">Jan Brueghel</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1600</span>, <a href="/wiki/Sanssouci_Picture_Gallery" title="Sanssouci Picture Gallery">Sanssouci Picture Gallery</a>, Potsdam</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hyginus">Hyginus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amazons&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Hyginus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Another list of Amazons' names is found in <a href="/wiki/Gaius_Julius_Hyginus" title="Gaius Julius Hyginus">Hyginus</a>' <i>Fabulae</i>. Along with <a href="/wiki/Hippolyta" title="Hippolyta">Hippolyta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Otrera" title="Otrera">Otrera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antiope_(Amazon)" title="Antiope (Amazon)">Antiope</a> and <a href="/wiki/Penthesilea" title="Penthesilea">Penthesilea</a>, it attests the following names: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ocyale_(mythology)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ocyale (mythology) (page does not exist)">Ocyale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dioxippe" title="Dioxippe">Dioxippe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iphinoe_(mythology)" title="Iphinoe (mythology)">Iphinome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xanthe_(mythology)" title="Xanthe (mythology)">Xanthe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hippothoe" title="Hippothoe">Hippothoe</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Laomache_(mythology)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laomache (mythology) (page does not exist)">Laomache</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glauce" title="Glauce">Glauce</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agave_(mythology)" title="Agave (mythology)">Agave</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Theseis_(mythology)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theseis (mythology) (page does not exist)">Theseis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clymene_(mythology)" title="Clymene (mythology)">Clymene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polydora" title="Polydora">Polydora</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHygnius163,_30,_122,_223_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHygnius163,_30,_122,_223-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Perhaps the most important is Queen <a href="/wiki/Otrera" title="Otrera">Otrera</a>, consort of <a href="/wiki/Ares" title="Ares">Ares</a> and mother by him of Hippolyta and Penthesilea.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She is also known for building a temple to <a href="/wiki/Artemis" title="Artemis">Artemis</a> at Ephesus.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Valerius_Flaccus">Valerius Flaccus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amazons&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Valerius Flaccus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Another different set of names is found in <a href="/wiki/Gaius_Valerius_Flaccus" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaius Valerius Flaccus">Valerius Flaccus</a>' <i>Argonautica</i>. He mentions <a href="/wiki/Euryale" title="Euryale">Euryale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harpe_(mythology)" title="Harpe (mythology)">Harpe</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lyce_(mythology)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lyce (mythology) (page does not exist)">Lyce</a>, <a href="/wiki/Menippe_(mythology)" title="Menippe (mythology)">Menippe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thoe" title="Thoe">Thoe</a>. Of these Lyce also appears on a fragment, preserved in the <i><a href="/wiki/Latin_Anthology" title="Latin Anthology">Latin Anthology</a></i> where she is said to have killed the hero <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clonus_(mythology)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clonus (mythology) (page does not exist)">Clonus</a> of <a href="/wiki/Moesia" title="Moesia">Moesia</a>, son of <a href="/wiki/Doryclus" title="Doryclus">Doryclus</a>, with her javelin.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Palaephatus">Palaephatus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amazons&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Palaephatus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Palaephatus" title="Palaephatus">Palaephatus</a>, who himself might have been a fictional character, attempted to rationalize the Greek myths in his work <i><a href="/wiki/Paradoxography" title="Paradoxography">On Unbelievable Tales</a></i>. He suspected that the Amazons were probably men who were mistaken for women by their enemies because they wore clothing that reached their feet, tied up their hair in headbands, and shaved their beards. Probably the first in a long line of skeptics, he rejected any real basis for them, reasoning that because they did not exist during his time, most probably they did not exist in the past either.<sup id="cite_ref-Stern1996_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stern1996-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Westermann1839_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Westermann1839-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He himself contradicted this in his rationalizing of <a href="/wiki/Oedipus" title="Oedipus">Oedipus</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Sphinx" title="Sphinx">Sphinx</a>, portraying the latter as an Amazon woman named "Sphinx." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Late_Antiquity,_Middle_Age_and_Renaissance_literature"><span id="Late_Antiquity.2C_Middle_Age_and_Renaissance_literature"></span>Late Antiquity, Middle Age and Renaissance literature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amazons&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Late Antiquity, Middle Age and Renaissance literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mattei-type_Amazon_at_the_Numismatic_Museum_of_Athens_on_October_1,_2021.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Mattei-type_Amazon_at_the_Numismatic_Museum_of_Athens_on_October_1%2C_2021.jpg/220px-Mattei-type_Amazon_at_the_Numismatic_Museum_of_Athens_on_October_1%2C_2021.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Mattei-type_Amazon_at_the_Numismatic_Museum_of_Athens_on_October_1%2C_2021.jpg/330px-Mattei-type_Amazon_at_the_Numismatic_Museum_of_Athens_on_October_1%2C_2021.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Mattei-type_Amazon_at_the_Numismatic_Museum_of_Athens_on_October_1%2C_2021.jpg/440px-Mattei-type_Amazon_at_the_Numismatic_Museum_of_Athens_on_October_1%2C_2021.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3909" data-file-height="5863" /></a><figcaption>Clay statue of a Mattei-type Amazon, <a href="/wiki/Numismatic_Museum_of_Athens" title="Numismatic Museum of Athens">Numismatic Museum of Athens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Stephanus_of_Byzantium" title="Stephanus of Byzantium">Stephanus of Byzantium</a> (7th-century CE) provides numerous alternative lists of the Amazons, including for those who died in combat against Heracles, describing them as the <i>most prominent of their people</i>. Both Stephanus and Eustathius connect these Amazons with the placename <i>Thibais</i>, which they claim to have been derived from the Amazon <i>Thiba's</i> name.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several of Stephanus' Amazons served as <a href="/wiki/Eponym" title="Eponym">eponyms</a> for cities in Asia Minor, like <i>Cyme</i> and <i>Smyrna</i> or <i>Amastris</i>, who was believed to lend her name to the city previously known as <i>Kromna</i>, although in fact it was named after the historical <a href="/wiki/Amastrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Amastrine">Amastris</a>. The city Anaea in Caria was named after an Amazon.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In his work <i><a href="/wiki/Getica" title="Getica">Getica</a></i> (on the origin and history of the <a href="/wiki/Goths" title="Goths">Goths</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 551 CE</span>) <a href="/wiki/Jordanes" title="Jordanes">Jordanes</a> asserts that the Goths' ancestors, descendants of <a href="/wiki/Magog_(Bible)" title="Magog (Bible)">Magog</a>, originally lived in Scythia, at the <a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Azov" title="Sea of Azov">Sea of Azov</a> between the <a href="/wiki/Dnieper" title="Dnieper">Dnieper</a> and <a href="/wiki/Don_River_(Russia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Don River (Russia)">Don Rivers</a>. When the Goths were abroad campaigning against Pharaoh <a href="/wiki/Vesosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Vesosis">Vesosis</a>, their women, on their own successfully fended off a raid by a neighboring tribe. Emboldened, the women established their own army under <a href="/wiki/Marpesia" title="Marpesia">Marpesia</a>, crossed the Don and invaded eastward into Asia. Marpesia's sister <a href="/wiki/Lampedo" title="Lampedo">Lampedo</a> remained in Europe to guard the homeland. They procreated with men once a year. These women conquered Armenia, Syria and all of Asia Minor, even reaching <a href="/wiki/Ionia" title="Ionia">Ionia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aeolis" title="Aeolis">Aeolis</a>, holding this vast territory for 100 years. </p><p>In <i><a href="/wiki/Digenes_Akritas" title="Digenes Akritas">Digenes Akritas</a></i>, the twelfth century medieval epic of <i>Basil, the Greco-Syrian knight</i> of the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a> frontier, the hero battles and then commits adultery with the female warrior Maximo (killing her afterwards in one version of the epic), descended from some Amazons and taken by Alexander from the Brahmans.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Akritis1998_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Akritis1998-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/John_Tzetzes" title="John Tzetzes">John Tzetzes</a> lists in <i><a href="/wiki/Posthomerica" title="Posthomerica">Posthomerica</a></i> twenty Amazons, who fell at <a href="/wiki/Troy" title="Troy">Troy</a>. This list is unique in its attestation for all the names but <a href="/wiki/Antianeira" title="Antianeira">Antianeira</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andromache_(mythology)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andromache (mythology) (page does not exist)">Andromache</a> and Hippothoe. Other than these three, the remaining 17 Amazons were named as <a href="/wiki/Toxophone_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Toxophone (mythology)">Toxophone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toxoanassa_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Toxoanassa (mythology)">Toxoanassa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gortyessa_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gortyessa (mythology)">Gortyessa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iodoce_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Iodoce (mythology)">Iodoce</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pharetre_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharetre (mythology)">Pharetre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andro_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Andro (mythology)">Andro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ioxeia_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ioxeia (mythology)">Ioxeia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oistrophe_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Oistrophe (mythology)">Oistrophe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Androdaixa_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Androdaixa (mythology)">Androdaixa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aspidocharme_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aspidocharme (mythology)">Aspidocharme</a>, <a href="/wiki/Enchesimargos_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Enchesimargos (mythology)">Enchesimargos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cnemis_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cnemis (mythology)">Cnemis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thorece_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thorece (mythology)">Thorece</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chalcaor_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chalcaor (mythology)">Chalcaor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eurylophe_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurylophe (mythology)">Eurylophe</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hecate_(mythology)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hecate (mythology) (page does not exist)">Hecate</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Anchimache_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anchimache (mythology)">Anchimache</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Famous medieval traveller <a href="/wiki/John_Mandeville" class="mw-redirect" title="John Mandeville">John Mandeville</a> mentions them in his book: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Beside the land of Chaldea is the land of Amazonia, that is the land of Feminye. And in that realm is all woman and no man; not as some may say, that men may not live there, but for because that the women will not suffer no men amongst them to be their sovereigns.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Medieval and Renaissance authors credit the Amazons with the invention of the <a href="/wiki/Corded_Ware_culture" title="Corded Ware culture">battle-axe</a>. This is probably related to the <i><a href="/wiki/Sagaris" title="Sagaris">sagaris</a></i>, an axe-like weapon associated with both Amazons and Scythian tribes by Greek authors (see also <a href="/wiki/Thracian_tomb_of_Aleksandrovo_kurgan" class="mw-redirect" title="Thracian tomb of Aleksandrovo kurgan">Thracian tomb of Aleksandrovo kurgan</a>). <a href="/wiki/Paulus_Hector_Mair" title="Paulus Hector Mair">Paulus Hector Mair</a> expresses astonishment that such a "manly weapon" should have been invented by a "tribe of women", but he accepts the attribution out of respect for his authority, <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Aventinus" title="Johannes Aventinus">Johannes Aventinus</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ludovico_Ariosto" title="Ludovico Ariosto">Ariosto</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Orlando_Furioso" title="Orlando Furioso">Orlando Furioso</a></i> contains a country of warrior women, ruled by Queen Orontea; the epic describes an origin much like that in Greek myth, in that the women, abandoned by a band of warriors and unfaithful lovers, rallied together to form a nation from which men were severely reduced, to prevent them from regaining power. The Amazons and Queen Hippolyta are also referenced in <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Chaucer" title="Geoffrey Chaucer">Geoffrey Chaucer</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Canterbury_Tales" title="The Canterbury Tales">Canterbury Tales</a></i> in "<a href="/wiki/The_Knight%27s_Tale" title="The Knight's Tale">The Knight's Tale</a>". </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Francisco_de_Orellana1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Francisco_de_Orellana1.JPG/220px-Francisco_de_Orellana1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Francisco_de_Orellana1.JPG/330px-Francisco_de_Orellana1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Francisco_de_Orellana1.JPG/440px-Francisco_de_Orellana1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_Orellana" title="Francisco de Orellana">Francisco de Orellana</a>; he coined the name "<a href="/wiki/Amazon_River" title="Amazon River">Amazon River</a>".</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Amazone_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_2342.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Amazone_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_2342.jpg/220px-Amazone_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_2342.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Amazone_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_2342.jpg/330px-Amazone_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_2342.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Amazone_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_2342.jpg/440px-Amazone_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_2342.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2058" data-file-height="1983" /></a><figcaption>Amazon in <a href="/wiki/Scythia" title="Scythia">Scythian</a> attire, <a href="/wiki/Attica" title="Attica">Attic</a> vase, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 420 BC</span>, <a href="/wiki/Staatliche_Antikensammlungen" title="Staatliche Antikensammlungen">Staatliche Antikensammlungen</a>, Munich</figcaption></figure> <p>Amazons continued to be subject of scholarly debate during the European Renaissance, and with the onset of the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Exploration" class="mw-redirect" title="Age of Exploration">Age of Exploration</a>, encounters were reported from ever more distant lands. In 1542, <a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_Orellana" title="Francisco de Orellana">Francisco de Orellana</a> reached the <a href="/wiki/Amazon_River" title="Amazon River">Amazon River</a>, naming it after the <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Icamiabas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Icamiabas (page does not exist)">Icamiabas</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icamiabas" class="extiw" title="pt:Icamiabas">pt</a>]</span></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a tribe of warlike women he claimed to have encountered and fought on the <a href="/wiki/Nhamund%C3%A1_River" title="Nhamundá River">Nhamundá River</a>, a tributary of the Amazon.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Afterwards the whole basin and region of the Amazon (<i>Amazônia</i> in Portuguese, <i>Amazonía</i> in Spanish) were named after the river. Amazons also figure in the accounts of both <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus">Christopher Columbus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Walter_Raleigh" title="Walter Raleigh">Walter Raleigh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Amazons_in_art">Amazons in art</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amazons&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Amazons in art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gladiatrix_relief.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Gladiatrix_relief.jpg/250px-Gladiatrix_relief.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fd/Gladiatrix_relief.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="256" /></a><figcaption>Two <a href="/wiki/Female_gladiator" class="mw-redirect" title="Female gladiator">female gladiators</a> with their names <i>Amazonia and Achillea</i></figcaption></figure> <p>Beginning around 550 BC. depictions of Amazons as daring fighters and equestrian warriors appeared on vases. After the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Marathon" title="Battle of Marathon">Battle of Marathon</a> in 490 BC the <i>Amazon battle - <a href="/wiki/Amazonomachy" title="Amazonomachy">Amazonomachy</a></i> became popular motifs on pottery. By the sixth century BC, public and privately displayed artwork used the Amazon imagery for pediment reliefs, sarcophagi, mosaics, pottery, jewelry and even monumental sculptures, that adorned important buildings like the <a href="/wiki/Parthenon" title="Parthenon">Parthenon</a> in Athens. Amazon motifs remained popular until the Roman <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">imperial period</a> and into <a href="/wiki/Late_antiquity" title="Late antiquity">Late antiquity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Apart from the artistic desire to express the passionate womanhood of the Amazons in contrast with the manhood of their enemies, some modern historians interpret the popularity of Amazon in art as indicators of societal trends, both positive and negative. Greek and Roman societies, however, utilized the Amazon mythology as a literary and artistic vehicle to unite against a commonly-held enemy. The metaphysical characteristics of Amazons were seen as personifications of both nature and religion. Roman authors like Virgil, Strabo, Pliny the Elder, Curtius, Plutarch, Arrian, and Pausanius advocated the greatness of the state, as Amazon myths served to discuss the creation of origin and identity for the Roman people. However, that changed over time. Amazons in Roman literature and art have many faces, such as the <i>Trojan ally, the warrior goddess, the native Latin, the warmongering Celt, the proud Sarmatian, the hedonistic and passionate Thracian warrior queen, the subdued Asian city, and the worthy Roman foe</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Juliusz_Kossak_-_Amazonka.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Juliusz_Kossak_-_Amazonka.jpg/170px-Juliusz_Kossak_-_Amazonka.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Juliusz_Kossak_-_Amazonka.jpg/255px-Juliusz_Kossak_-_Amazonka.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Juliusz_Kossak_-_Amazonka.jpg/340px-Juliusz_Kossak_-_Amazonka.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2824" data-file-height="3488" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Juliusz_Kossak" title="Juliusz Kossak">Juliusz Kossak</a>, <i>An Amazon</i>, 1878</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fra_Mauro_map,_sector_XL.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Fra_Mauro_map%2C_sector_XL.jpg/250px-Fra_Mauro_map%2C_sector_XL.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Fra_Mauro_map%2C_sector_XL.jpg/330px-Fra_Mauro_map%2C_sector_XL.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Fra_Mauro_map%2C_sector_XL.jpg/500px-Fra_Mauro_map%2C_sector_XL.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3055" data-file-height="2269" /></a><figcaption>Fra Mauro map (XL) with location <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Ἀμαζόnia</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Ancient_Greek" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Ancient Greek">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Ancient Greek-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">Amazonia</i></span> placed on the <a href="/wiki/Volga_region" title="Volga region">Middle Volga</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/The_Renaissance" class="mw-redirect" title="The Renaissance">Renaissance</a> Europe, artists started to reevaluate and depict Amazons based on Christian ethics. <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_I" title="Elizabeth I">Queen Elizabeth</a> of England was associated with Amazon warrior qualities (<i>the foremost ancient examples of feminism</i>) during her reign and was indeed depicted as such. Though, as explained in <i>Divina Virago</i> by Winfried Schleiner, Celeste T. Wright has given a detailed account of the bad reputation Amazons had in the Renaissance. She notes that she has not found any Elizabethans comparing the Queen to an Amazon and suggests that they might have hesitated to do so because of the association of Amazons with enfranchisement of women, which was considered contemptible.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Elizabeth was present at a tournament celebrating the marriage of the <a href="/wiki/Ambrose_Dudley,_3rd_Earl_of_Warwick" title="Ambrose Dudley, 3rd Earl of Warwick">Earl of Warwick</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anne_Russell,_Countess_of_Warwick" title="Anne Russell, Countess of Warwick">Anne Russell</a> at <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Westminster Palace">Westminster Palace</a> on 11 November 1565 involving male riders dressed as Amazons. They accompanied the challengers carrying their heraldry. These riders wore crimson gowns, masks with long hair attached, and swords.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <p><a href="/wiki/Peter_Paul_Rubens" title="Peter Paul Rubens">Peter Paul Rubens</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jan_Brueghel_the_Elder" title="Jan Brueghel the Elder">Jan Brueghel</a> depicted the <a href="/wiki/The_Battle_of_the_Amazons_(Rubens)" title="The Battle of the Amazons (Rubens)">Battle of the Amazons</a> around 1598, a <i>most dramatic baroque painting</i>, followed by a painting of the <a href="/wiki/Rococo" title="Rococo">Rococo</a> period by <a href="/wiki/Johann_Georg_Platzer" title="Johann Georg Platzer">Johann Georg Platzer</a>, also titled <i>Battle of the Amazons</i>. In 19th-century European <a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">Romanticism</a> German artist <a href="/wiki/Anselm_Feuerbach" title="Anselm Feuerbach">Anselm Feuerbach</a> occupied himself with the Amazons as well. Of Faeurbach's painting, Gert Schiff wrote that: </p><blockquote><p>It engendered all the aspirations of the Romantics: their desire to transcend the boundaries of the ego and of the known world; their interest in the occult in nature and in the soul; their search for a national identity, and the ensuing search for the mythic origins of the Germanic nation; finally, their wish to escape the harsh realities of the present through immersion in an idealized past.<sup id="cite_ref-Schiff_1981_p._102_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schiff_1981_p._102-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Maps">Maps</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amazons&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Maps"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On medieval <a href="/wiki/Borgia_map" title="Borgia map">Borgia Velletri map</a> picture of females with bow and arrow and with spear and shield with description <i>The land formerly of illustrious women</i> of place North (on the bottom) on <i>Edilus fluuius maximus</i> (Volga).<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In medieval <a href="/wiki/Fra_Mauro_map" title="Fra Mauro map">Fra Mauro map</a> country <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Ἀμαζόnia</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Ancient_Greek" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Ancient Greek">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Ancient Greek-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">Amazonia</i></span> placed on the <a href="/wiki/Volga_region" title="Volga region">Middle Volga</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Archaeology">Archaeology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amazons&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Archaeology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Speculation that the idea of Amazons contains a core of reality is based on archaeological discoveries at <a href="/wiki/Kurgan" title="Kurgan">kurgan</a> burial sites in the steppes of southern Ukraine and Russia. The varied war weapons artifacts found in graves of numerous high-ranking <a href="/wiki/Scythians" title="Scythians">Scythian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sarmatian" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarmatian">Sarmatian</a> warrior women have led scholars to conclude that the Amazonian legend has been inspired by the real world: About 20% of the warrior graves on the lower <a href="/wiki/Don_River_(Russia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Don River (Russia)">Don</a> and lower <a href="/wiki/Volga_river" class="mw-redirect" title="Volga river">Volga</a> contained women dressed for battle similar to how men dress. Armed women accounted for up to 25% of Sarmatian military burials. Russian archaeologist Vera Kovalevskaya asserts that when Scythian men were abroad fighting or hunting, women would have to be able to competently defend themselves, their animals, and their pastures.<sup id="cite_ref-anthonyd_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-anthonyd-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In early 20th century <a href="/wiki/Minoan_civilization" title="Minoan civilization">Minoan</a> archeology, a theory regarding Amazon origins in Minoan civilization was raised in an essay by <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Richard_Farnell" title="Lewis Richard Farnell">Lewis Richard Farnell</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Myres" title="John Myres">John Myres</a>. According to Myres, the tradition interpreted in the light of evidence furnished by supposed Amazon cults seems to have been very similar and may have even originated in Minoan culture.<sup id="cite_ref-EvansLang1908_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EvansLang1908-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_legacy">Modern legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amazons&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Modern legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Postcard_with_an_Amazon_and_racehorses.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Postcard_with_an_Amazon_and_racehorses.jpg/170px-Postcard_with_an_Amazon_and_racehorses.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Postcard_with_an_Amazon_and_racehorses.jpg/255px-Postcard_with_an_Amazon_and_racehorses.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Postcard_with_an_Amazon_and_racehorses.jpg/340px-Postcard_with_an_Amazon_and_racehorses.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1943" data-file-height="2776" /></a><figcaption>Postcard promoting Munich as <i>Capital of German Art</i> of the <i>Olympia-Sommer</i> 1936. The Amazon holds a longbow and a victory wreath.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Amazone_auf_Sondermarke.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Amazone_auf_Sondermarke.jpg/220px-Amazone_auf_Sondermarke.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Amazone_auf_Sondermarke.jpg/330px-Amazone_auf_Sondermarke.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/Amazone_auf_Sondermarke.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="342" /></a><figcaption>Amazon on a special stamp promoting the 1938 German "<a href="/wiki/Brown_ribbon" title="Brown ribbon">Brown Ribbon</a>" horse races</figcaption></figure> <p>The city of <a href="/wiki/Samsun" title="Samsun">Samsun</a> in modern-day <a href="/wiki/Samsun_Province" title="Samsun Province">Samsun Province</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> features an <i>Amazon Village</i> museum, to help bring attention to the legacy of the Amazons and to promote both academic interest and tourism. An annual <i>Amazon Celebration Festival</i> takes place in the <a href="/wiki/Terme" title="Terme">Terme</a> district.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman%E2%80%93Egyptian_invasion_of_Mani" title="Ottoman–Egyptian invasion of Mani">Ottoman–Egyptian invasion of Mani</a> in 1826, in the battle of Diros the women of Mani defeated the Ottoman army and for this were given the name of 'The Amazons of Diros'.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1936 to 1939, annual propaganda events, called <a href="/wiki/Night_of_the_Amazons" title="Night of the Amazons">Night of the Amazons</a> (<i>Nacht der Amazonen</i>) were performed in Nazi Germany at the <a href="/wiki/Nymphenburg_Palace_Park" title="Nymphenburg Palace Park">Nymphenburg Palace Park</a> in <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Announced as evening highlights of the <i>International Horse Racing Week Munich-Riem</i>, bare-breasted variety show girls of the SS-Cavalry, 2,500 participants and international guests performed at the open-air revue. These revues served to promote an allegedly emancipated female role and a cosmopolitan and foreigner-friendly Nazi regime.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_literature_and_media">In literature and media</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amazons&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: In literature and media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Literature">Literature</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amazons&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Amazon Queen <a href="/wiki/Hippolyta" title="Hippolyta">Hippolyta</a> appears in <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="William Shakespeare's">William Shakespeare's</a> play <i><a href="/wiki/A_Midsummer_Night%27s_Dream" title="A Midsummer Night's Dream">A Midsummer Night's Dream</a></i> and also in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Two_Noble_Kinsmen" title="The Two Noble Kinsmen">The Two Noble Kinsmen</a></i>, which Shakespeare co-wrote with <a href="/wiki/John_Fletcher_(playwright)" title="John Fletcher (playwright)">John Fletcher</a>.</li> <li>The Amazon queen <a href="/wiki/Penthesilea" title="Penthesilea">Penthesilea</a>, and her sexual frenzy, are at the center of the drama <i><a href="/wiki/Penthesilea_(Kleist)" title="Penthesilea (Kleist)">Penthesilea</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_von_Kleist" title="Heinrich von Kleist">Heinrich von Kleist</a> in 1808.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Pressfield" title="Steven Pressfield">Steven Pressfield</a>'s 2002 novel <i><a href="/wiki/Last_of_the_Amazons" title="Last of the Amazons">Last of the Amazons</a></i> is a <a href="/wiki/Mythopoeia" title="Mythopoeia">mythopoeia</a> of Plutarch's texts, that surround <a href="/wiki/Theseus" title="Theseus">Theseus</a>' abduction of Queen <a href="/wiki/Antiope_(Amazon)" title="Antiope (Amazon)">Antiope</a> and the Amazons' attack on Athens. An accurate and detailed portrayal of the Archaic Greek world, its life, people, weapons etc. dramatized <i>as real as the sky</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Moulton_Marston" title="William Moulton Marston">William Moulton Marston</a>, alongside his wife <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Holloway_Marston" title="Elizabeth Holloway Marston">Elizabeth Holloway</a> and their lover <a href="/wiki/Olive_Byrne" title="Olive Byrne">Olive Byrne</a>, created their rendition of the mythical <a href="/wiki/Amazons_(DC_Comics)" title="Amazons (DC Comics)">Amazons</a>, whose members included the superheroine <a href="/wiki/Wonder_Woman" title="Wonder Woman">Wonder Woman</a>, for <a href="/wiki/DC_Comics" title="DC Comics">DC Comics</a>. Marston's Amazons are noteworthy for not just being physically superior to mortal men but also technologically superior, being able to create healing rays and <a href="/wiki/Invisible_Plane" class="mw-redirect" title="Invisible Plane">undetectable jet planes</a> that can be controlled through brain waves alone, although this element of Amazon society is applied inconsistently in appearances written after Marston's death.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Rick_Riordan" title="Rick Riordan">Rick Riordan</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Heroes_of_Olympus" title="The Heroes of Olympus">The Heroes of Olympus</a></i>, the Amazons appear in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Son_of_Neptune" title="The Son of Neptune">The Son of Neptune</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Blood_of_Olympus" title="The Blood of Olympus">The Blood of Olympus</a>.</i> They are the founders and owners of the <a href="/wiki/Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon</a> corporation.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Philip_Armstrong" title="Philip Armstrong">Philip Armstrong</a>'s historical-fantasy series, <i>The Chronicles of Tupiluliuma</i>, the Amazons appear as the Am'azzi.</li> <li>In the <a href="/wiki/Stieg_Larsson" title="Stieg Larsson">Stieg Larsson</a> novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Girl_Who_Kicked_the_Hornets%27_Nest" title="The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest">The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest</a></i>, the Amazons appear as the transitional topics between sections of the book.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garci_Rodr%C3%ADguez_de_Montalvo" title="Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo">Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo</a> created the fictional queen <a href="/wiki/Calafia" title="Calafia">Calafia</a>, who ruled over a kingdom of black women, living in the style of Amazons, on the mythical <a href="/wiki/Island_of_California" title="Island of California">Island of California</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amazon_Gazonga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amazon Gazonga (page does not exist)">Amazon Gazonga</a> is a short comic series created by the <i><a href="/wiki/Waltrip_brothers" title="Waltrip brothers">Waltrip brothers</a></i> in 1995. The comic centres around on a young amazon named Gazonga living in the <a href="/wiki/Amazon_rainforest" title="Amazon rainforest">Amazon rainforest</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GastroPhobia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GastroPhobia (page does not exist)">GastroPhobia</a> is a webcomic by Daisy McGuire, about the adventures of an exiled Amazon warrior and her son living in Ancient Greece, roughly 3408 years ago.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Film_and_television">Film and television</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amazons&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Film and television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The Kazakhstani film studio "<a href="/wiki/Kazakhfilm" title="Kazakhfilm">Kazakhfilm</a>" released the film Томирис (<i><a href="/wiki/Tomyris_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomyris (film)">Tomyris</a></i>) in late 2019. She is portrayed by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Almira_Tursyn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Almira Tursyn (page does not exist)">Almira Tursyn</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q116848516#sitelinks-wikipedia" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q116848516"><span title="Wikidata list: "Almira Tursyn" articles in other languages">d</span></a>]</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Girls of her tribe in order to get permissions to marry, in the film, has to bring few enemies heads.</li> <li>Franchises involving several <a href="/wiki/Tarzan" title="Tarzan">Tarzan</a> releases, that have featured Amazon tribes (<i><a href="/wiki/Tarzan_and_the_Amazons" title="Tarzan and the Amazons">Tarzan and the Amazons</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Tarzan,_Lord_of_the_Jungle" title="Tarzan, Lord of the Jungle">Tarzan, Lord of the Jungle</a></i>)</li> <li>In the animated series <i><a href="/wiki/The_Mysterious_Cities_of_Gold" title="The Mysterious Cities of Gold">The Mysterious Cities of Gold</a></i>, a tribe of Amazons appeared in two episodes.</li> <li>The postscript for the 1980 film <i><a href="/wiki/9_to_5_(film)" title="9 to 5 (film)">9 to 5</a></i> mentioned that Franklin Hart was abducted by a tribe of Amazons when helping Consolidated Companies' chairman of the board Russell Tinsworthy with a project in the Brazilian jungle.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Amazons appear in the movies <i><a href="/wiki/The_Loves_of_Hercules" title="The Loves of Hercules">The Loves of Hercules</a></i> (1960), <i>Battle of the Amazons</i> (1970), <i><a href="/wiki/War_Goddess" title="War Goddess">War Goddess</a></i> (1973), <i><a href="/wiki/Hundra" title="Hundra">Hundra</a></i> (1983), <i><a href="/wiki/Amazons_(1986_film)" title="Amazons (1986 film)">Amazons</a></i> (1986), <i><a href="/wiki/Deathstalker_II" title="Deathstalker II">Deathstalker II</a></i> (1987), <i><a href="/wiki/Ronal_the_Barbarian" title="Ronal the Barbarian">Ronal the Barbarian</a></i> (2011), <i><a href="/wiki/Hercules_(2014_film)" title="Hercules (2014 film)">Hercules</a></i> (2014) and <a href="/wiki/DC_Extended_Universe" title="DC Extended Universe">DC Extended Universe</a> films: <i><a href="/wiki/Wonder_Woman_(2017_film)" title="Wonder Woman (2017 film)">Wonder Woman</a></i> (2017), <i><a href="/wiki/Justice_League_(film)" title="Justice League (film)">Justice League</a></i> (2017), <i><a href="/wiki/Wonder_Woman_1984" title="Wonder Woman 1984">Wonder Woman 1984</a></i> (2020), <i><a href="/wiki/Zack_Snyder%27s_Justice_League" title="Zack Snyder's Justice League">Zack Snyder's Justice League</a></i> (2021).</li> <li>Amazons in television series <i><a href="/wiki/Hercules:_The_Legendary_Journeys" title="Hercules: The Legendary Journeys">Hercules: The Legendary Journeys</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Young_Hercules" title="Young Hercules">Young Hercules</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Kaos_(TV_series)" title="Kaos (TV series)">Kaos</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Xena:_Warrior_Princess" title="Xena: Warrior Princess">Xena: Warrior Princess</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Legend_of_the_Hidden_City" title="The Legend of the Hidden City">The Legend of the Hidden City</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Huntik:_Secrets_%26_Seekers" title="Huntik: Secrets & Seekers">Huntik: Secrets & Seekers</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Supernatural_(U.S._TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Supernatural (U.S. TV series)">Supernatural</a></i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Games">Games</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amazons&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Games"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Amazons are featured in the following roleplay - and video games: <i><a href="/wiki/Diablo_(series)" title="Diablo (series)">Diablo</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Heroes_Unlimited" title="Heroes Unlimited">Heroes Unlimited</a></i>, <i>Aliens Unlimited</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Amazon:_Guardians_of_Eden" title="Amazon: Guardians of Eden">Amazon: Guardians of Eden</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Flight_of_the_Amazon_Queen" title="Flight of the Amazon Queen">Flight of the Amazon Queen</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/A_Total_War_Saga:_Troy" class="mw-redirect" title="A Total War Saga: Troy">A Total War Saga: Troy</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Rome:_Total_War" title="Rome: Total War">Rome: Total War</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_IV" title="Final Fantasy IV">Final Fantasy IV</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Age_of_Wonders:_Planetfall" title="Age of Wonders: Planetfall">Age of Wonders: Planetfall</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/The_Legend_of_Zelda" title="The Legend of Zelda"><i>Legend of Zelda</i> series</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Yu-Gi-Oh!_video_games" title="List of Yu-Gi-Oh! video games"><i>Yu-Gi-Oh</i> games</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military_units">Military units</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amazons&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Military units"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dahomey_amazon2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Dahomey_amazon2.jpg/220px-Dahomey_amazon2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Dahomey_amazon2.jpg/330px-Dahomey_amazon2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Dahomey_amazon2.jpg/440px-Dahomey_amazon2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="819" data-file-height="536" /></a><figcaption>Dahomey Amazons, photo shot around 1890, author unknown</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Russian general and statesman <a href="/wiki/Grigory_Potemkin" title="Grigory Potemkin">Grigory Potemkin</a>, and then favourite of <a href="/wiki/Catherine_the_Great" title="Catherine the Great">Catherine the Great</a> created an <a href="/wiki/Amazons_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazons Company">Amazons Company</a> in 1787. Wives and daughters of the soldiers of the <a href="/wiki/Greek_Battalion_of_Balaklava" title="Greek Battalion of Balaklava">Greek Battalion of Balaklava</a> were enlisted and formed this unit.</li> <li>The <b>Mino</b>, or <b>Minon</b>, (<i>Our Mothers</i>) were a late 19th to early 20th-century all-female official military regiment of the former <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Dahomey" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Dahomey">Kingdom of Dahomey</a> (present-day <a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a>). Since the early 18th-century women contingents had already joined the army, usually during deployment, in order to inflate the army size. However, women proved themselves courageous and effective in active combat, and a regular unit was established. Western observers, who had allegedly perceived certain Amazon-like physical and mental qualities in these women, came up with the trivial epithet <a href="/wiki/Dahomey_Amazons" title="Dahomey Amazons">Dahomey Amazons</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Social_and_religious_activism">Social and religious activism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amazons&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Social and religious activism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>During the period 1905–1913, members of the militant <a href="/wiki/Suffragette" title="Suffragette">Suffragette</a> movement were frequently referred to as "Amazons" in books and newspaper articles.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> Katerina Tarnovska leads a group called the Asgarda which claims to be a new tribe of Amazons.<sup id="cite_ref-pri.org_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pri.org-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tarnovska believes that the Amazons are the direct ancestors of Ukrainian women, and she has created an all-female martial art for her group, based on another form of fighting called <a href="/wiki/Combat_Hopak" title="Combat Hopak">Combat Hopak</a>, but with a special emphasis on self-defense.<sup id="cite_ref-pri.org_100-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pri.org-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Science">Science</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amazons&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Science"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Neptune_trojan" title="Neptune trojan">Neptune trojans</a>, asteroids 60° ahead or beyond <a href="/wiki/Neptune" title="Neptune">Neptune</a> on its orbit, are individually named after mythological Amazons. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amazons&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Parthenon_from_west.jpg/32px-Parthenon_from_west.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Parthenon_from_west.jpg/48px-Parthenon_from_west.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Parthenon_from_west.jpg/64px-Parthenon_from_west.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Ancient_Greece" title="Portal:Ancient Greece">Ancient Greece portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Draig.svg/32px-Draig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Draig.svg/48px-Draig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Draig.svg/64px-Draig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="713" data-file-height="475" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Myths" title="Portal:Myths">Myths portal</a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Amazons" title="List of Amazons">List of Amazons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_hero" title="Action hero">Action heroine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazons_(DC_Comics)" title="Amazons (DC Comics)">Amazons (DC Comics)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matriarchy" title="Matriarchy">Matriarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_women_warriors_in_folklore" title="List of women warriors in folklore">List of women warriors in folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_military" title="Women in the military">Women in the military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_women_in_ancient_warfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of women in ancient warfare">Timeline of women in ancient warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomyris" title="Tomyris">Tomyris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ares" title="Ares">Ares</a> (father of amazons)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shieldmaiden" class="mw-redirect" title="Shieldmaiden">Shieldmaiden</a>, female warrior in northern Europe</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onna-bugeisha" class="mw-redirect" title="Onna-bugeisha">Onna-bugeisha</a>, female warrior in Japanese nobility</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urduja" title="Urduja">Urduja</a>, from <a href="/wiki/Philippine_mythology" title="Philippine mythology">Philippine mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_female_action_heroes_and_villains" title="List of female action heroes and villains">List of female action heroes and villains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_warriors_in_literature_and_culture" title="Women warriors in literature and culture">Women warriors in literature and culture</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amazons&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSilver2019" class="citation web cs1">Silver, Carly (July 29, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://allthatsinteresting.com/amazon-women">"The Amazons Were More Than A Myth: Archaeological And Written Evidence For The Ancient Warrior Women"</a>. ATI. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210112223252/https://allthatsinteresting.com/amazon-women">Archived</a> from the original on January 12, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 10,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Amazons+Were+More+Than+A+Myth%3A+Archaeological+And+Written+Evidence+For+The+Ancient+Warrior+Women&rft.pub=ATI&rft.date=2019-07-29&rft.aulast=Silver&rft.aufirst=Carly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fallthatsinteresting.com%2Famazon-women&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmazons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-admay-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-admay_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-admay_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAdrienne_Mayor2014" class="citation book cs1">Adrienne Mayor (September 22, 2014). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/amazonsliveslege0000mayo"><i>The Amazons: Lives and Legends of Warrior Women across the Ancient World</i></a></span>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 12,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Amazons%3A+Lives+and+Legends+of+Warrior+Women+across+the+Ancient+World&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2014-09-22&rft.isbn=9780691147208&rft.au=Adrienne+Mayor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Famazonsliveslege0000mayo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmazons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mai-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mai_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCarlos_Parada,_Maicar_Förlag" class="citation web cs1">Carlos Parada, Maicar Förlag. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maicar.com/GML/AMAZONS.html">"AMAZONS"</a>. maicar<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 8,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AMAZONS&rft.pub=maicar&rft.au=Carlos+Parada%2C+Maicar+F%C3%B6rlag&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.maicar.com%2FGML%2FAMAZONS.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmazons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAndreas_David_Mordtmann" class="citation web cs1">Andreas David Mordtmann. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/view/bsb10432822?page=17">"Die Amazonen : ein Beitrag zur unbefangenen Prüfung und Würdigung der ältesten Überlieferungen"</a>. Reader digitale sammlungen<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 8,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Die+Amazonen+%3A+ein+Beitrag+zur+unbefangenen+Pr%C3%BCfung+und+W%C3%BCrdigung+der+%C3%A4ltesten+%C3%9Cberlieferungen&rft.pub=Reader+digitale+sammlungen&rft.au=Andreas+David+Mordtmann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.digitale-sammlungen.de%2Fde%2Fview%2Fbsb10432822%3Fpage%3D17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmazons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFIan_Harvey2019" class="citation web cs1">Ian Harvey (August 5, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thevintagenews.com/2019/08/05/amazon-women/">"The Fierce Amazon Warrior Women – What's Real and What's Myth"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 8,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Amazon+Women&rft.pub=World+History+Encyclopedia&rft.date=2019-11-14&rft.aulast=Cartwright&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldhistory.org%2Famazon%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmazons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSimon2014" class="citation magazine cs1">Simon, Worrall (October 28, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160920203137/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/10/141029-amazons-scythians-hunger-games-herodotus-ice-princess-tattoo-cannabis/">"Amazon Warriors Did Indeed Fight and Die Like Men"</a>. <i>National Geographic</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/10/141029-amazons-scythians-hunger-games-herodotus-ice-princess-tattoo-cannabis/">the original</a> on Sep 20, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic&rft.atitle=Amazon+Warriors+Did+Indeed+Fight+and+Die+Like+Men&rft.date=2014-10-28&rft.aulast=Simon&rft.aufirst=Worrall&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.nationalgeographic.com%2Fnews%2F2014%2F10%2F141029-amazons-scythians-hunger-games-herodotus-ice-princess-tattoo-cannabis%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmazons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFForeman2014" class="citation web cs1">Foreman, Amanda (April 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/amazon-women-there-any-truth-behind-myth-180950188/">"The Amazon Women: Is There Any Truth Behind the Myth?"</a>. <i>Smithsonian</i>. Smithsonian Institution. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160909070346/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/amazon-women-there-any-truth-behind-myth-180950188/">Archived</a> from the original on Sep 9, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Smithsonian&rft.atitle=The+Amazon+Women%3A+Is+There+Any+Truth+Behind+the+Myth%3F&rft.date=2014-04&rft.aulast=Foreman&rft.aufirst=Amanda&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smithsonianmag.com%2Fhistory%2Famazon-women-there-any-truth-behind-myth-180950188%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmazons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSchuster2020" class="citation news cs1">Schuster, Ruth (2 January 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/archaeology/.premium.MAGAZINE-amazon-warrior-women-russia-archaeology-scythian-greece-1.8327358">"Tomb with Three Generations of 'Amazon' Warrior Women Found in Russia"</a>. <i>Haaretz</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Tomb+with+Three+Generations+of+%27Amazon%27+Warrior+Women+Found+in+Russia&rft.date=2020-01-02&rft.aulast=Schuster&rft.aufirst=Ruth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Farchaeology%2F.premium.MAGAZINE-amazon-warrior-women-russia-archaeology-scythian-greece-1.8327358&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmazons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Blok1995-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Blok1995_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blok1995_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blok1995_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJ._H._Blok1995" class="citation book cs1">J. H. Blok (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vHzLgcqHzQcC"><i>The Early Amazons: Modern and Ancient Perspectives on a Persistent Myth</i></a>. BRILL. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-04-10077-6" title="Special:BookSources/90-04-10077-6"><bdi>90-04-10077-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Early+Amazons%3A+Modern+and+Ancient+Perspectives+on+a+Persistent+Myth&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=90-04-10077-6&rft.au=J.+H.+Blok&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvHzLgcqHzQcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmazons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHinge2005">Hinge 2005</a>, pp. 94–98</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etymonline.com/word/Amazon">"amazon | Etymology, origin and meaning of the name amazon by etymonline"</a>. <i>www.etymonline.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-11-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.etymonline.com&rft.atitle=amazon+%7C+Etymology%2C+origin+and+meaning+of+the+name+amazon+by+etymonline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Fword%2FAmazon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmazons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Patou-mathis2020-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Patou-mathis2020_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMarylene_Patou-Mathis2020" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Maryl%C3%A8ne_Patou-Mathis" title="Marylène Patou-Mathis">Marylene Patou-Mathis</a> (1 October 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wsX-DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT313"><i>L'homme préhistorique est aussi une femme</i></a>. Allary éditions. pp. 313–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-37073-342-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-37073-342-9"><bdi>978-2-37073-342-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27homme+pr%C3%A9historique+est+aussi+une+femme&rft.pages=313-&rft.pub=Allary+%C3%A9ditions&rft.date=2020-10-01&rft.isbn=978-2-37073-342-9&rft.au=Marylene+Patou-Mathis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwsX-DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT313&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmazons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mayor-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mayor_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mayor_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHaynes2014" class="citation news cs1">Haynes, Natalie (16 October 2014). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/the-amazons-lives--legends-of-warrior-women-across-the-ancient-world-by-adrienne-mayor-book-review-9799090.html">"The Amazons: Lives & Legends of Warrior Women Across the Ancient World by Adrienne Mayor, book review"</a></span>. <i>The Independent</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141020043426/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/the-amazons-lives--legends-of-warrior-women-across-the-ancient-world-by-adrienne-mayor-book-review-9799090.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2014-10-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 1,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Amazon+Myth+in+Western+Literature&rft.pub=Louisiana+State+University+and+Agricultural+%26+Mechanical+College&rft.au=Bruce+Robert+Magee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigitalcommons.lsu.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D7261%26context%3Dgradschool_disstheses&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmazons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHerodotus,_The_Histories4.110.1-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHerodotus,_The_Histories4.110.1_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHerodotus,_The_Histories">Herodotus, The Histories</a>, p. 4.110.1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://faculty.washington.edu/scstroup/Amazonevidence.html">"Reading on Amazons"</a>. University of Washington<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 13,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reading+on+Amazons&rft.pub=University+of+Washington&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffaculty.washington.edu%2Fscstroup%2FAmazonevidence.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmazons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://topostext.org/work/240#mu.21">"Suda Encyclopedia"</a>. Topostext<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 1,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Suda+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=Topostext&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftopostext.org%2Fwork%2F240%23mu.21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmazons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BlundellBlundell1995-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BlundellBlundell1995_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSue_BlundellSusan_Blundell1995" class="citation book cs1">Sue Blundell; Susan Blundell (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Xfx1VaSIOgQC"><i>Women in Ancient Greece p. 60</i></a>. Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-95473-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-95473-1"><bdi>978-0-674-95473-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women+in+Ancient+Greece+p.+60&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-674-95473-1&rft.au=Sue+Blundell&rft.au=Susan+Blundell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXfx1VaSIOgQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmazons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vul-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-vul_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vul_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStéphane_Gsell" class="citation web cs1">Stéphane Gsell. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/artifact?name=Boston%2098.916&object=Vase">"Boston 98.916 (Vase), from the Vulci necropolis"</a>. Tufts University<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 4,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Boston+98.916+%28Vase%29%2C+from+the+Vulci+necropolis&rft.pub=Tufts+University&rft.au=St%C3%A9phane+Gsell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fhopper%2Fartifact%3Fname%3DBoston%252098.916%26object%3DVase&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmazons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fischer-HansenPoulsen2009-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fischer-HansenPoulsen2009_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fischer-HansenPoulsen2009_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTobias_Fischer-HansenBirte_Poulsen2009" class="citation book cs1">Tobias Fischer-Hansen; Birte Poulsen (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2garBSREfywC&pg=PA333"><i>From Artemis to Diana: The Goddess of Man and Beast</i></a>. Museum Tusculanum Press. pp. 333–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-87-635-0788-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-87-635-0788-2"><bdi>978-87-635-0788-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Artemis+to+Diana%3A+The+Goddess+of+Man+and+Beast&rft.pages=333-&rft.pub=Museum+Tusculanum+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-87-635-0788-2&rft.au=Tobias+Fischer-Hansen&rft.au=Birte+Poulsen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2garBSREfywC%26pg%3DPA333&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmazons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-duBois1991-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-duBois1991_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-duBois1991_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPage_duBois1991" class="citation book cs1">Page duBois (July 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hyw9BSzzOwMC&pg=PA49"><i>Centaurs and Amazons: Women and the Pre-History of the Great Chain of Being</i></a>. University of Michigan Press. pp. 33–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-472-08153-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-472-08153-5"><bdi>0-472-08153-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Centaurs+and+Amazons%3A+Women+and+the+Pre-History+of+the+Great+Chain+of+Being&rft.pages=33-&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=1991-07&rft.isbn=0-472-08153-5&rft.au=Page+duBois&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dhyw9BSzzOwMC%26pg%3DPA49&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmazons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bennett1967-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bennett1967_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFlorence_Mary_Bennett1967" class="citation book cs1">Florence Mary Bennett (1967). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FIM8g-KE9dsC&pg=PT88"><i>Religious Cults Associated With the Amazons</i></a>. Library of Alexandria. pp. 88–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4655-7683-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4655-7683-5"><bdi>978-1-4655-7683-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religious+Cults+Associated+With+the+Amazons&rft.pages=88-&rft.pub=Library+of+Alexandria&rft.date=1967&rft.isbn=978-1-4655-7683-5&rft.au=Florence+Mary+Bennett&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFIM8g-KE9dsC%26pg%3DPT88&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmazons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMayor2014" class="citation book cs1">Mayor, Adrienne (22 September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rboWBAAAQBAJ"><i>The Amazons: Lives and Legends of Warrior Women across the Ancient World</i></a>. Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781400865130" title="Special:BookSources/9781400865130"><bdi>9781400865130</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Amazons%3A+Lives+and+Legends+of+Warrior+Women+across+the+Ancient+World&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2014-09-22&rft.isbn=9781400865130&rft.aulast=Mayor&rft.aufirst=Adrienne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrboWBAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmazons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRobert_Bedrosian" class="citation web cs1">Robert Bedrosian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.attalus.org/armenian/euseb10.htm">"Eusebius' Chronicle"</a>. Attalus<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 2,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eusebius%27+Chronicle&rft.pub=Attalus&rft.au=Robert+Bedrosian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.attalus.org%2Farmenian%2Feuseb10.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmazons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cts.perseids.org/read/greekLit/tlg0616/tlg001/1st1K-grc1/1.1">"Strategemata Polyaenus Macedo - Melber and Woelfflin, Teubner, 1887"</a>. Read Greek<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 2,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Strategemata+Polyaenus+Macedo+-+Melber+and+Woelfflin%2C+Teubner%2C+1887&rft.pub=Read+Greek&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcts.perseids.org%2Fread%2FgreekLit%2Ftlg0616%2Ftlg001%2F1st1K-grc1%2F1.1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmazons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Greek <i><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Romance" title="Alexander Romance">Alexander Romance</a></i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.attalus.org/translate/alexander3c.html#25">3.25–26</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Plutarch" title="Plutarch">Plutarch</a>, <i>Life of Alexander</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Plutarch/Lives/Alexander*/6-7.html#46">Chapter 46</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tamid 32a</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thelastdiadoch.tumblr.com/post/112524176345/the-siege-of-themiscyra-and-bees-used-in-defense">"The Siege of Themiscyra"</a>. The last Diadoch<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 1,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Siege+of+Themiscyra&rft.pub=The+last+Diadoch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthelastdiadoch.tumblr.com%2Fpost%2F112524176345%2Fthe-siege-of-themiscyra-and-bees-used-in-defense&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmazons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fratantuono2017-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fratantuono2017_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLee_Fratantuono2017" class="citation book cs1">Lee Fratantuono (30 September 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MLPNDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT100"><i>Lucullus: The Life and Campaigns of a Roman Conqueror</i></a>. Pen & Sword Books. pp. 100–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4738-8363-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4738-8363-5"><bdi>978-1-4738-8363-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lucullus%3A+The+Life+and+Campaigns+of+a+Roman+Conqueror&rft.pages=100-&rft.pub=Pen+%26+Sword+Books&rft.date=2017-09-30&rft.isbn=978-1-4738-8363-5&rft.au=Lee+Fratantuono&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMLPNDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT100&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmazons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mayor2014-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mayor2014_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAdrienne_Mayor2014" class="citation book cs1">Adrienne Mayor (22 September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rboWBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15"><i>The Amazons: Lives and Legends of Warrior Women across the Ancient World</i></a>. Princeton University Press. pp. 15–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4008-6513-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4008-6513-0"><bdi>978-1-4008-6513-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Amazons%3A+Lives+and+Legends+of+Warrior+Women+across+the+Ancient+World&rft.pages=15-&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2014-09-22&rft.isbn=978-1-4008-6513-0&rft.au=Adrienne+Mayor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrboWBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmazons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HoffmannQuack2018-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HoffmannQuack2018_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFriedhelm_HoffmannJoachim_Friedrich_Quack2018" class="citation book cs1">Friedhelm Hoffmann; Joachim Friedrich Quack (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GYVVDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA419"><i>Anthologie der demotischen Literatur</i></a>. LIT Verlag Münster. pp. 419–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-643-14029-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-643-14029-6"><bdi>978-3-643-14029-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anthologie+der+demotischen+Literatur&rft.pages=419-&rft.pub=LIT+Verlag+M%C3%BCnster&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-3-643-14029-6&rft.au=Friedhelm+Hoffmann&rft.au=Joachim+Friedrich+Quack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGYVVDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA419&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmazons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFA._S._WAY" class="citation web cs1">A. S. WAY. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theoi.com/Text/QuintusSmyrnaeus1.html">"QUINTUS SMYRNAEUS 1 - THE FALL OF TROY"</a>. Theoi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 6,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=QUINTUS+SMYRNAEUS+1+-+THE+FALL+OF+TROY&rft.pub=Theoi&rft.au=A.+S.+WAY&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theoi.com%2FText%2FQuintusSmyrnaeus1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmazons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDiodorus_Siculus,_Bibliotheca_Historica,_Books_I-V4-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDiodorus_Siculus,_Bibliotheca_Historica,_Books_I-V4_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDiodorus_Siculus,_Bibliotheca_Historica,_Books_I-V">Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica, Books I-V</a>, p. 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Scholia" title="Scholia">Scholia</a> on <a href="/wiki/Pindar" title="Pindar">Pindar</a>, Nemean Ode 3. 64</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-justin-2.4-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-justin-2.4_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.attalus.org/translate/justin8.html#2.4">"Justinus: Epitome of Pompeius Trogus' Philippic Histories 2.4"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-05-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Justinus%3A+Epitome+of+Pompeius+Trogus%27+Philippic+Histories+2.4&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.attalus.org%2Ftranslate%2Fjustin8.html%232.4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmazons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-thelatinlibrary.com-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-thelatinlibrary.com_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Paulus_Orosius" class="mw-redirect" title="Paulus Orosius">Paulus Orosius</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/orosius/orosius1.shtml"><i>Historiae adversus paganos</i>, I. 15</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHygnius163,_30,_122,_223-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHygnius163,_30,_122,_223_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHygnius">Hygnius</a>, p. 163, 30, 122, 223.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Apollodorus, Bibliotheca E5. 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Apollonius_Rhodius" class="mw-redirect" title="Apollonius Rhodius">Apollonius Rhodius</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Argonautica" title="Argonautica">Argonautica</a></i> 2. 370 ff and 382 ff</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJ._H._MOZLEY" class="citation web cs1">J. H. MOZLEY. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theoi.com/Text/ValeriusFlaccus1.html">"VALERIUS FLACCUS 1"</a>. Theoi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 6,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=VALERIUS+FLACCUS+1&rft.pub=Theoi&rft.au=J.+H.+MOZLEY&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theoi.com%2FText%2FValeriusFlaccus1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmazons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stern1996-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Stern1996_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJacob_Stern1996" class="citation book cs1">Jacob Stern (1 January 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=t4EfiGQwgh4C"><i>On Unbelievable Tales</i></a>. Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86516-320-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86516-320-1"><bdi>978-0-86516-320-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=On+Unbelievable+Tales&rft.pub=Bolchazy-Carducci+Publishers&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.isbn=978-0-86516-320-1&rft.au=Jacob+Stern&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dt4EfiGQwgh4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmazons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHansen2005" class="citation book cs1">Hansen, William F. (26 April 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=a-NmaO-kM2UC"><i>Classical Mythology: A Guide to the Mythical World of the Greeks and Romans</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195300352" title="Special:BookSources/9780195300352"><bdi>9780195300352</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Classical+Mythology%3A+A+Guide+to+the+Mythical+World+of+the+Greeks+and+Romans&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005-04-26&rft.isbn=9780195300352&rft.aulast=Hansen&rft.aufirst=William+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Da-NmaO-kM2UC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmazons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Westermann1839-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Westermann1839_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAnton_Westermann1839" class="citation book cs1">Anton Westermann (1839). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XIVxAAAAIAAJ"><i>Paradoxographoi [romanized].: Scriptores rerum mirabilium graeci. Insunt (Aristotelis) Mirabiles auscultationes; Antigoni, Apollonii, Phlegontis Historiae mirabiles, Michaelis Pselli Lectiones mirabiles, reliquorum eiusdem generis scriptorum deperditorum fragmenta . Accedunt Phlegontis Macrobii et Olympiadum reliquiae et anonymi tractus De mulieribus, etc</i></a>. sumptum fecit G. Westermann.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Paradoxographoi+%26%2391%3Bromanized%26%2393%3B.%3A+Scriptores+rerum+mirabilium+graeci.+Insunt+%28Aristotelis%29+Mirabiles+auscultationes%3B+Antigoni%2C+Apollonii%2C+Phlegontis+Historiae+mirabiles%2C+Michaelis+Pselli+Lectiones+mirabiles%2C+reliquorum+eiusdem+generis+scriptorum+deperditorum+fragmenta+.+Accedunt+Phlegontis+Macrobii+et+Olympiadum+reliquiae+et+anonymi+tractus+De+mulieribus%2C+etc&rft.pub=sumptum+fecit+G.+Westermann&rft.date=1839&rft.au=Anton+Westermann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXIVxAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmazons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFD._WHITEHEAD1996" class="citation journal cs1">D. WHITEHEAD (January 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brill.com/view/journals/mnem/49/5/article-p612_14.xml?language=en">"From Political Architecture to Stephanus Byzantius. Sources for the study of the ancient Greek polis"</a>. <i>Mnemosyne</i>. <b>49</b> (5). Brill: <span class="nowrap">612–</span>615. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F1568525962610509">10.1163/1568525962610509</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 2,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mnemosyne&rft.atitle=From+Political+Architecture+to+Stephanus+Byzantius.+Sources+for+the+study+of+the+ancient+Greek+polis&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E612-%3C%2Fspan%3E615&rft.date=1996-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F1568525962610509&rft.au=D.+WHITEHEAD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbrill.com%2Fview%2Fjournals%2Fmnem%2F49%2F5%2Farticle-p612_14.xml%3Flanguage%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmazons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSmith1844" class="citation web cs1">Smith, William (26 April 1844). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qB9dKo_i-QIC&q=Anaea+greek+city&pg=PA158">"Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology"</a>. Taylor and Walton – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Greek+and+Roman+Biography+and+Mythology&rft.pub=Taylor+and+Walton&rft.date=1844-04-26&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqB9dKo_i-QIC%26q%3DAnaea%2Bgreek%2Bcity%26pg%3DPA158&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmazons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPritchett1998" class="citation book cs1">Pritchett, W. Kendrick (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=N7AVAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA276"><i>Studies in ancient Greek topography: Passes</i></a>. University of California Press. p. 276. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-09660-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-09660-8"><bdi>978-0-520-09660-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Studies+in+ancient+Greek+topography%3A+Passes&rft.pages=276&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-520-09660-8&rft.aulast=Pritchett&rft.aufirst=W.+Kendrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DN7AVAQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA276&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmazons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCorinne_Jouanno2016" class="citation journal cs1">Corinne Jouanno (January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/30353289">"Digenis Akritis, the Two-Blood Border Lord.pdf"</a>. <i>Fictional Storytelling in the Medieval Eastern Mediterranean and Beyond</i>. Academia<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 3,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fictional+Storytelling+in+the+Medieval+Eastern+Mediterranean+and+Beyond&rft.atitle=Digenis+Akritis%2C+the+Two-Blood+Border+Lord.pdf&rft.date=2016-01&rft.au=Corinne+Jouanno&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F30353289&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmazons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Akritis1998-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Akritis1998_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVassílios_Digenís_Akritis1998" class="citation book cs1">Vassílios Digenís Akritis (7 May 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Gd4ifVQxKtwC&pg=PR14"><i>Digenis Akritis: The Grottaferrata and Escorial Versions</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. pp. xxvii. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-39472-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-39472-7"><bdi>978-0-521-39472-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Digenis+Akritis%3A+The+Grottaferrata+and+Escorial+Versions&rft.pages=xxvii&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1998-05-07&rft.isbn=978-0-521-39472-7&rft.au=Vass%C3%ADlios+Digen%C3%ADs+Akritis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGd4ifVQxKtwC%26pg%3DPR14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmazons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tzetzes, <i>Posthomerica</i> 176-182</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Travels of Sir John Mandeville</i>, Dover publications, Mineola, New York, 2006, cap. XVII, p. 103-104</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180721013819/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/2018/07/news-frogs-brazil-culture-history/">"New Frog Species Named After Fabled Female Warriors"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic" title="National Geographic">National Geographic</a></i>. 2018-07-20. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/2018/07/news-frogs-brazil-culture-history/">the original</a> on July 21, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-01-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic&rft.atitle=New+Frog+Species+Named+After+Fabled+Female+Warriors&rft.date=2018-07-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalgeographic.com%2Fanimals%2F2018%2F07%2Fnews-frogs-brazil-culture-history%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmazons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">It has been suggested that what Orellana actually engaged was an especially warlike tribe of Native Americans whose warrior men wore long hair and thus appeared to be women. See Theobaldo Miranda Santos, <i>Lendas e mitos do Brasil</i> ("Brazil's legends and myths"), Companhia Editora Nacional, 1979.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chiaroscuro-studios.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Yearbook_2018_LENDAS_Versao_livro_DIGITAL.pdf"><i>Lendas</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Chiaroscuro Studios. p. 14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lendas&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=Chiaroscuro+Studios&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchiaroscuro-studios.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2022%2F03%2FYearbook_2018_LENDAS_Versao_livro_DIGITAL.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmazons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chiaroscuro-studios.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Yearbook_2018_LENDAS_Versao_livro_DIGITAL.pdf"><i>Lendas</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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Arimaspen, Amazonen und die Entdeckung des Schwarzen Meeres"</a>. <i>Glotta</i> (in German). <b>81</b>: <span class="nowrap">86–</span>115.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Glotta&rft.atitle=Herodot+zur+skythischen+Sprache.+Arimaspen%2C+Amazonen+und+die+Entdeckung+des+Schwarzen+Meeres&rft.volume=81&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E86-%3C%2Fspan%3E115&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Hinge&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fherodot.glossa.dk%2Farimasp.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmazons" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMayor2017" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Mayor, Adrienne (2017). "Amazons in the Iranian World". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/amazons-ii"><i>Encyclopaedia Iranica</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Amazons+in+the+Iranian+World&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Iranica&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Mayor&rft.aufirst=Adrienne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Famazons-ii&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmazons" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFShahbazi1989" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Shahbazi, A.S. (1989). "Amazons". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/amazons"><i>Encyclopaedia Iranica</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Amazons&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Iranica&rft.date=1989&rft.aulast=Shahbazi&rft.aufirst=A.S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Famazons&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmazons" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amazons&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Adams, Maeve. "Amazons." <i>The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Gender and Sexuality Studies</i> (2016): 1–4.</li> <li>"AMAZONS Women of the Steppe and the Idea of the Female Warrior". In: Ball, Warwick. <i>The Eurasian Steppe: People, Movement, Ideas</i>. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2022. pp. 117–135. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.1515/9781474488075-010">https://doi.org/10.1515/9781474488075-010</a></li> <li>Dowden, Ken. “THE AMAZONS: DEVELOPMENT AND FUNCTIONS”. In: <i>Rheinisches Museum Für Philologie</i> 140, no. 2 (1997): 97–128. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/41234269">http://www.jstor.org/stable/41234269</a>.</li> <li>Fialko, Elena (2018). "Scythian Female Warriors in the South of Eastern Europe". In: <i>Folia Praehistorica Posnaniensia</i> 22 (lipiec), 29–47. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.14746/fpp.2017.22.02">https://doi.org/10.14746/fpp.2017.22.02</a>.</li> <li>Guliaev, V. I. (2003). "Amazons in the Scythia: New finds at the Middle Don, Southern Russia". In: <i>World Archaeology</i>, 35:1, 112–125. DOI: 10.1080/0043824032000078117</li> <li>Hardwick, Lorna (1990). "Ancient Amazons - Heroes, Outsiders or Women?". In: <i>Greece & Rome</i>, 37, pp. 14–36. doi:10.1017/S0017383500029521</li> <li>Liccardo, Salvatore. "Different Gentes, Same Amazons: The Myth of Women Warriors at the Service of Ethnic Discourse." <i>Medieval History Journal</i> 21.2 (2018): 222–250.</li> <li>Mayor, Adrienne. <i>The Amazons: Lives and Legends of Warrior Women across the Ancient World</i>. Princeton University Press, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt7zvndm">https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt7zvndm</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/26430667">online review</a></li> <li>Maartel Bremer, Jan. "THE AMAZONS IN THE IMAGINATION OF THE GREEKS". In: <i>Acta Antiqua</i> 40, 1-4 (2000): 51–59. Accessed Jul 17, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.1556/aant.40.2000.1-4.6">https://doi.org/10.1556/aant.40.2000.1-4.6</a></li> <li>Toler, Pamela D. <i>Women warriors: An unexpected history</i> (Beacon Press, 2019).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dietrich_von_Bothmer" title="Dietrich von Bothmer">von Rothmer, Dietrich</a>, <i>Amazons in Greek Art</i> (<a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, 1957)</li> <li>Vovoura, Despoina. “Women Warriors(?) And the Amazon Myth: The Evidence of Female Burials with Weapons in the Black Sea Area”. In: <i>The Greeks and Romans in the Black Sea and the Importance of the Pontic Region for the Graeco-Roman World (7th Century BC-5th Century AD): 20 Years On (1997-2017): Proceedings of the Sixth International Congress on Black Sea Antiquities (Constanţa – 18–22 September 2017)</i>. Edited by Gocha R. Tsetskhladze, Alexandru Avram, and James Hargrave. Archaeopress, 2021. pp. 118–28. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1pdrqhw.22">https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1pdrqhw.22</a>.</li> <li>Wilde, Lyn Webster. <i>On the trail of the women warriors: The Amazons in myth and history</i> ( Macmillan, 2000).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_languages">Other languages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amazons&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Other languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Bergmann, F. G. <i>Les Amazones dans l'histoire et dans la fable</i> (1853) <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></li> <li>Klugmann, A. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dieamazoneninde00klgoog">Die Amazonen in der attischen Literatur und Kunst</a></i> (1875) <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></li> <li>Krause, H. L. <i>Die Amazonensage</i> (1893) <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></li> <li>Lacour, F. <i>Les Amazones</i> (1901) <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></li> <li>Mordtmann, Andreas David. <i>Die Amazonen</i> (<a href="/wiki/Hanover" title="Hanover">Hanover</a>, 1862) <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></li> <li>Pauly-Wissowa, <i><a href="/wiki/Realencyclop%C3%A4die_der_Classischen_Altertumswissenschaft" class="mw-redirect" title="Realencyclopädie der Classischen Altertumswissenschaft">Realencyclopädie der Classischen Altertumswissenschaft</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._H._Roscher" class="mw-redirect" title="W. H. Roscher">Roscher, W. H.</a>, <i>Ausführliches Lexikon der griechischen und römischen Mythologie</i> <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></li> <li>Santos, Theobaldo Miranda. <i>Lendas e mitos do Brasil</i> (Companhia Editora Nacional, 1979) <span class="languageicon">(in Portuguese)</span></li> <li>Stricker, W. <i>Die Amazonen in Sage und Geschichte</i> (1868) <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amazons&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Amazons" class="extiw" title="wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Amazons">Amazons</a></span>".</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:The New International Encyclopædia/Amazons"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_International_Encyclop%C3%A6dia/Amazons">"Amazons" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_International_Encyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="New International Encyclopedia">New International Encyclopedia</a></i>. 1905.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Amazons&rft.btitle=New+International+Encyclopedia&rft.date=1905&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmazons" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amazons-info.com/">Wounded Amazon</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/browse/authors/h#a828">Herodotus via Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.straightdope.com/mailbag/mamazon.html">Straight Dope: Amazons</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ancienthistory.about.com/cs/women1/a/amazons1.htm">Amazon women in the Mongolian steppe</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130120015209/http://ancienthistory.about.com/cs/women1/a/amazons1.htm">Archived</a> 2013-01-20 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wnet/secrets/previous_seasons/case_amazon/clues.html">Amazon mtDNA found in Mongolia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iconographic.warburg.sas.ac.uk/category/vpc-taxonomy-000320">The Warburg Institute Iconographic Database (images of Amazons)</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output 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class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#cef2e0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Greek_religion" title="Template:Greek religion"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Greek_religion" title="Template talk:Greek religion"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Greek_religion" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Greek religion"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ancient_Greek_religion_and_mythology60" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_religion" title="Ancient Greek religion">Ancient Greek religion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">mythology</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#cef2e0;"><div id="Religion_and_religious_practice158" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_religion" title="Ancient Greek religion">Religion</a> and religious practice</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;;width:1%">Main beliefs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ages_of_Man" title="Ages of Man">Ages of Man</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Age" title="Golden Age">Golden Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Heroic_Age" title="Greek Heroic Age">Heroic Age</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_accounts_of_Homer" title="Ancient accounts of Homer">Ancient accounts of Homer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apotheosis" title="Apotheosis">Apotheosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arete" title="Arete">Arete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daimon" title="Daimon">Daemon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destiny" title="Destiny">Destiny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eudaimonia" title="Eudaimonia">Eudaimonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euhemerism" title="Euhemerism">Euhemerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eunoia" title="Eunoia">Eunoia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eusebeia" title="Eusebeia">Eusebeia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_mean_(philosophy)" title="Golden mean (philosophy)">Golden mean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Rule" title="Golden Rule">Golden Rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_words_for_love" title="Greek words for love">Greek words for love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demigod#Classical" title="Demigod">Hemitheos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_hero_cult" title="Greek hero cult">Hero cult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubris" title="Hubris">Hubris</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Interpretatio_graeca" title="Interpretatio graeca">Interpretatio graeca</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katabasis" title="Katabasis">Katabasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kleos" title="Kleos">Kleos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Know_thyself" title="Know thyself">Know thyself</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metamorphoses_in_Greek_mythology" title="Metamorphoses in Greek mythology">Metamorphosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metempsychosis" title="Metempsychosis">Metempsychosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nympholepsy" title="Nympholepsy">Nympholepsy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paradoxography" title="Paradoxography">Paradoxography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_city-state_patron_gods" title="Greek city-state patron gods">Patron gods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pederasty_in_ancient_Greece" title="Pederasty in ancient Greece">Pederasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phronesis" title="Phronesis">Phronesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polytheism" title="Polytheism">Polytheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophrosyne" title="Sophrosyne">Sophrosyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soter" title="Soter">Soter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_madness#Ancient_Greece_and_Rome:_theia_mania" title="Divine madness">Theia mania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenia_(Greek)" title="Xenia (Greek)">Xenia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;;width:1%">Texts / <a href="/wiki/Ode" title="Ode">odes</a> /<br /><a href="/wiki/Epic_poetry" title="Epic poetry">epic poems</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Epic_Cycle" title="Epic Cycle">Epic Cycle</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Aethiopis" title="Aethiopis">Aethiopis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cypria" title="Cypria">Cypria</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iliupersis" title="Iliupersis">Iliupersis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Little_Iliad" title="Little Iliad">Little Iliad</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nostoi" title="Nostoi">Nostoi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Odyssey" title="Odyssey">Odyssey</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Telegony" title="Telegony">Telegony</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Theban_Cycle" title="Theban Cycle">Theban Cycle</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Oedipodea" title="Oedipodea">Oedipodea</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thebaid_(Greek_poem)" title="Thebaid (Greek poem)">Thebaid</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Epigoni_(epic)" title="Epigoni (epic)">Epigoni</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alcmeonis" title="Alcmeonis">Alcmeonis</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aesop%27s_Fables" title="Aesop's Fables">Aesop's Fables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aretalogy" title="Aretalogy">Aretalogy</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Argonautica" title="Argonautica">Argonautica</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Bibliotheca</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Women" title="Catalogue of Women">Catalogue of Women</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cyranides" title="Cyranides">Cyranides</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delphic_maxims" title="Delphic maxims">Delphic maxims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derveni_papyrus" title="Derveni papyrus">Derveni papyrus</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dionysiaca" title="Dionysiaca">Dionysiaca</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Verses" title="Golden Verses"><i>Golden Verses</i> of Pythagoras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Magical_Papyri" title="Greek Magical Papyri">Greek Magical Papyri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homerica" class="mw-redirect" title="Homerica">Homerica</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Homeric_Hymns" title="Homeric Hymns">Homeric Hymns</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Interpretation_of_Dreams_(Antiphon)" title="Interpretation of Dreams (Antiphon)">Interpretation of Dreams</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myth_of_Er" title="Myth of Er">Myth of Er</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oneirocritica" title="Oneirocritica">Oneirocritica</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Orphic_Hymns" title="Orphic Hymns">Orphic Hymns</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_Graecus_Holmiensis" title="Papyrus Graecus Holmiensis">Papyrus Graecus Holmiensis</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sibylline_Books" title="Sibylline Books">Sibylline Books</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sortes_Astrampsychi" title="Sortes Astrampsychi">Sortes Astrampsychi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Theogony" title="Theogony">Theogony</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Works_and_Days" title="Works and Days">Works and Days</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;;width:1%">Religions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Antecedents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minoan_religion" title="Minoan religion">Minoan religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_religion" title="Mycenaean religion">Mycenaean religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mycenaean_deities" title="List of Mycenaean deities">List of Mycenaean deities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleo-Balkan_mythology" title="Paleo-Balkan mythology">Paleo-Balkan mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_mythology" title="Proto-Indo-European mythology">Proto-Indo-European mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religions_of_the_ancient_Near_East" title="Religions of the ancient Near East">Religions of the ancient Near East</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Expressions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atheism#Classical_antiquity" title="Atheism">Atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henotheism#Hellenistic_religion" title="Henotheism">Henotheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monotheism#Ancient_Greek_religion" title="Monotheism">Monotheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polytheism#Ancient_Greece" title="Polytheism">Polytheism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_religion" title="Hellenistic religion">Hellenistic religions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">Early Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historiography_of_the_Christianization_of_the_Roman_Empire" title="Historiography of the Christianization of the Roman Empire">Christianization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_Ancient_Greek_philosophy" title="Christianity and Ancient Greek philosophy">Relationship with Greek philosophy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_esotericism#Late_Antiquity" title="Western esotericism">Esoteric</a> systems <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alchemy#Hellenistic_Egypt" title="Alchemy">Early alchemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnosticism" title="Gnosticism">Gnosticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermeticism" title="Hermeticism">Hermeticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoplatonism" title="Neoplatonism">Neoplatonism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_Judaism" title="Hellenistic Judaism">Hellenistic Judaism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God-fearer" title="God-fearer">God-fearers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syncretism" title="Syncretism">Syncretic</a> religions <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great_in_legend#Deified_Alexander" title="Alexander the Great in legend">Alexander</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_cult_of_Alexander_the_Great" title="Ptolemaic cult of Alexander the Great">Ptolemaic cult</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_religion" title="Etruscan religion">Etruscan religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Buddhism" title="Greco-Buddhism">Greco-Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_ancient_Rome" title="Religion in ancient Rome">Roman religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_imperial_cult" title="Roman imperial cult">Imperial cult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_(emperor)#Religious_issues" title="Julian (emperor)">Religious views of emperor Julian</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Greco-Roman_mysteries" title="Greco-Roman mysteries">Mystery religions<br />and sacred mysteries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arcadia_(region)" title="Arcadia (region)">Arcadian Mysteries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delos" title="Delos">Delos Mysteries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysian_Mysteries" title="Dionysian Mysteries">Dionysian Mysteries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleusinian_Mysteries" title="Eleusinian Mysteries">Eleusinian Mysteries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imbros" title="Imbros">Imbrian Mysteries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithraism" title="Mithraism">Mithraism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysteries_of_Isis" title="Mysteries of Isis">Mysteries of Isis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orphism" title="Orphism">Orphism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Roman_mysteries#Samothracian_Mysteries" title="Greco-Roman mysteries">Samothracian Mysteries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_religious_movement" title="New religious movement">New religious movements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discordianism" title="Discordianism">Discordianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feraferia" title="Feraferia">Feraferia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaianism" title="Gaianism">Gaianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenism_(modern_religion)" title="Hellenism (modern religion)">Hellenism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;;width:1%">Religious practice</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Worship <br />/ rituals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amphidromia" title="Amphidromia">Amphidromia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arotoi_Hieroi" title="Arotoi Hieroi">Arotoi Hieroi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astragalomancy" title="Astragalomancy">Astragalomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptes" title="Baptes">Baptes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cult_of_Artemis_at_Brauron" title="Cult of Artemis at Brauron">Cult of Artemis at Brauron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daduchos" title="Daduchos">Daduchos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_divination" title="Greek divination">Divination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_funeral_and_burial_practices" title="Ancient Greek funeral and burial practices">Funeral and burial practices</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Funeral_oration_(ancient_Greece)" title="Funeral oration (ancient Greece)">Funeral oration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Roman_mysteries" title="Greco-Roman mysteries">Greco-Roman mysteries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_hero_cult" title="Greek hero cult">Hero cult</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hero%C3%B6n" title="Heroön">Heroön</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hierophany" title="Hierophany">Hierophany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hieros_gamos" title="Hieros gamos">Hieros gamos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hymns_in_ancient_Greek" title="Category:Hymns in ancient Greek">Hymns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incubation_(ritual)" title="Incubation (ritual)">Incubation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komos" title="Komos">Komos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nekyia" title="Nekyia">Nekyia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omophagia" title="Omophagia">Omophagia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orgia" title="Orgia">Orgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panegyris" title="Panegyris">Panegyris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer" title="Prayer">Prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrifice" title="Sacrifice">Sacrifice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_sacrifice#Ancient_Greece" title="Animal sacrifice">Animal sacrifice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hecatomb" title="Hecatomb">Hecatomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holocaust_(sacrifice)#Greek_sacrifice" title="Holocaust (sacrifice)">Holocaust</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libation#Ancient_Greece" title="Libation">Libation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharmakos" title="Pharmakos">Pharmakos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Votive_offering" title="Votive offering">Votive offering</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_ancient_Greece" title="Theatre of ancient Greece">Theatre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious<br />offices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amphictyonic_league" title="Amphictyonic league">Amphictyonic league</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archon_basileus" title="Archon basileus">Archon basileus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilinna" title="Basilinna">Basilinna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerarai" title="Gerarai">Gerarai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiereia" title="Hiereia">Hiereia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hierophant" title="Hierophant">Hierophant</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hierophylakes" title="Hierophylakes">Hierophylakes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iatromantis" title="Iatromantis">Iatromantis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanephoros" title="Kanephoros">Kanephoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mystagogue" title="Mystagogue">Mystagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle" title="Oracle">Oracle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sibyl" title="Sibyl">Sibyl</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiasus" title="Thiasus">Thiasus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious<br />objects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baetyl" title="Baetyl">Baetyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_sculpture#Cult_images" title="Ancient Greek sculpture">Cult image</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chryselephantine_sculpture" title="Chryselephantine sculpture">Chryselephantine sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xoanon" title="Xoanon">Xoanon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_terracotta_figurines" title="Greek terracotta figurines">Greek terracotta figurines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kernos" title="Kernos">Kernos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kykeon" title="Kykeon">Kykeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loutrophoros" title="Loutrophoros">Loutrophoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omphalos" title="Omphalos">Omphalos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panathenaic_amphora" title="Panathenaic amphora">Panathenaic amphora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhyton" title="Rhyton">Rhyton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrificial_tripod" title="Sacrificial tripod">Sacrificial tripod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sceptre#Greco-Roman_world" title="Sceptre">Sceptre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thymiaterion" title="Thymiaterion">Thymiaterion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Magic_in_the_Greco-Roman_world" title="Magic in the Greco-Roman world">Magic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apotropaic_magic" title="Apotropaic magic">Apotropaic magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curse_tablet" title="Curse tablet">Curse tablet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_divination" title="Greek divination">Divination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Magical_Papyri" title="Greek Magical Papyri">Greek Magical Papyri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermeticism" title="Hermeticism">Hermeticism</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hermetica" title="Hermetica">Hermetica</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necromancy#Antiquity" title="Necromancy">Necromancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philia_(Greco-Roman_magic)" title="Philia (Greco-Roman magic)">Philia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Festivals <br />/ feasts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Actia" title="Actia">Actia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adonia" title="Adonia">Adonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agrionia" title="Agrionia">Agrionia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphidromia" title="Amphidromia">Amphidromia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthesteria" title="Anthesteria">Anthesteria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apellai" title="Apellai">Apellai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apaturia" title="Apaturia">Apaturia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aphrodisia" title="Aphrodisia">Aphrodisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrhephoria" title="Arrhephoria">Arrhephoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascolia" title="Ascolia">Ascolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bendidia" title="Bendidia">Bendidia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boedromia" title="Boedromia">Boedromia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brauron" title="Brauron">Brauronia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buphonia" title="Buphonia">Buphonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalceia" title="Chalceia">Chalceia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meilichios" title="Meilichios">Diasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delia_(festival)" title="Delia (festival)">Delia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delphinia" title="Delphinia">Delphinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysia" title="Dionysia">Dionysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecdysia" title="Ecdysia">Ecdysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaphebolia" title="Elaphebolia">Elaphebolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamelia" title="Gamelia">Gamelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halieia" title="Halieia">Halieia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haloa" title="Haloa">Haloa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heracleia_(festival)" title="Heracleia (festival)">Heracleia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermaea_(festival)" title="Hermaea (festival)">Hermaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hieromenia" title="Hieromenia">Hieromenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iolaus" title="Iolaus">Iolaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kronia" title="Kronia">Kronia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenaia" title="Lenaia">Lenaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnesia_on_the_Maeander" title="Magnesia on the Maeander">Leucophryna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lykaia" title="Lykaia">Lykaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metageitnia" title="Metageitnia">Metageitnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munichia_(festival)" title="Munichia (festival)">Munichia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oschophoria" title="Oschophoria">Oschophoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamboeotia" title="Pamboeotia">Pamboeotia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandia_(festival)" title="Pandia (festival)">Pandia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plynteria" title="Plynteria">Plynteria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemaieia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemaieia">Ptolemaieia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyanopsia" title="Pyanopsia">Pyanopsia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skira" title="Skira">Skira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synoikia" title="Synoikia">Synoikia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soteria_(festival)" title="Soteria (festival)">Soteria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tauropolia" class="mw-redirect" title="Tauropolia">Tauropolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thargelia" title="Thargelia">Thargelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theseia" title="Theseia">Theseia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thesmophoria" title="Thesmophoria">Thesmophoria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agon" title="Agon">Agon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panathenaic_Games" title="Panathenaic Games">Panathenaic Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhieia" title="Rhieia">Rhieia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Panhellenic_Games" title="Panhellenic Games">Panhellenic Games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Olympic_Games" title="Ancient Olympic Games">Olympic Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraean_Games" title="Heraean Games">Heraean Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pythian_Games" title="Pythian Games">Pythian Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemean_Games" title="Nemean Games">Nemean Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isthmian_Games" title="Isthmian Games">Isthmian Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actia" title="Actia">Actia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;;width:1%">Sacred places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_temple" title="Ancient Greek temple">Temples</a> /<br /> <a href="/wiki/Sanctuaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanctuaries">sanctuaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asclepieion" title="Asclepieion">Asclepieion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delphinion" title="Delphinion">Delphinion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithraeum" title="Mithraeum">Mithraeum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necromanteion_of_Acheron" title="Necromanteion of Acheron">Necromanteion of Acheron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nymphaeum" title="Nymphaeum">Nymphaeum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panionium" title="Panionium">Panionium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parthenon" title="Parthenon">Parthenon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ploutonion" title="Ploutonion">Ploutonion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telesterion" title="Telesterion">Telesterion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temenos" title="Temenos">Temenos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Artemis" title="Temple of Artemis">Temple of Artemis, Ephesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Zeus,_Olympia" title="Temple of Zeus, Olympia">Temple of Zeus, Olympia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oracles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amphiareion_of_Oropos" title="Amphiareion of Oropos">Amphiareion of Oropos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aornum" title="Aornum">Aornum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claros" title="Claros">Claros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delphi" title="Delphi">Delphi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Didyma" title="Didyma">Didyma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dodona" title="Dodona">Dodona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyaneae" title="Cyaneae">Oracle of Apollo Thyrxeus at Cyaneae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptoion" title="Ptoion">Oracle of Apollo at Ptoion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikaros_(Failaka_Island)" title="Ikaros (Failaka Island)">Oracle of Artemis at Ikaros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Puerto_de_Santa_Mar%C3%ADa" title="El Puerto de Santa María">Oracle of Menestheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanctuary_of_the_Great_Gods" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanctuary of the Great Gods">Sanctuary of the Great Gods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tegyra" title="Tegyra">Tegyra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mountains</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cretea" title="Cretea">Cretea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Ida_(Crete)" title="Mount Ida (Crete)">Mount Ida (Crete)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Ida_(Turkey)" title="Mount Ida (Turkey)">Mount Ida (Turkey)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Lykaion" title="Mount Lykaion">Mount Lykaion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Olympus" title="Mount Olympus">Olympus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Caves</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cave_of_Zeus,_Ayd%C4%B1n" title="Cave of Zeus, Aydın">Cave of Zeus, Aydın</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave_of_Pan_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Cave of Pan (disambiguation)">Caves of Pan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychro_Cave" title="Psychro Cave">Psychro Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vari_Cave" title="Vari Cave">Vari Cave</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Islands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Snake_Island_(Ukraine)" title="Snake Island (Ukraine)">Island of Achilles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delos" title="Delos">Delos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islands_of_Diomedes" title="Islands of Diomedes">Islands of Diomedes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Springs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Castalian_Spring" title="Castalian Spring">Castalian Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippocrene" title="Hippocrene">Hippocrene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierian_Spring" title="Pierian Spring">Pierian Spring</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athenian_sacred_ships" title="Athenian sacred ships">Athenian sacred ships</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Paralus_(ship)" title="Paralus (ship)">Paralus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Salaminia" title="Salaminia">Salaminia</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elefsina" title="Elefsina">Eleusis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiera_Orgas" title="Hiera Orgas">Hiera Orgas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanathos" title="Kanathos">Kanathos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympia,_Greece" title="Olympia, Greece">Olympia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Way" title="Sacred Way">Sacred Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Dionysus" title="Theatre of Dionysus">Theatre of Dionysus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#cef2e0;"><div id="Myths_and_mythology245" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Myths and <a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">mythology</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Greek_deities" title="List of Greek deities">Deities</a> <br />(<a href="/wiki/Family_tree_of_the_Greek_gods" title="Family tree of the Greek gods">Family tree</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Greek_primordial_deities" title="Greek primordial deities">Primordial deities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aether_(mythology)" title="Aether (mythology)">Aether</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ananke" title="Ananke">Ananke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaos_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaos (mythology)">Chaos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronos" title="Chronos">Chronos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erebus" title="Erebus">Erebus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eros" title="Eros">Eros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaia" title="Gaia">Gaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemera" title="Hemera">Hemera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyx" title="Nyx">Nyx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phanes" title="Phanes">Phanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontus_(mythology)" title="Pontus (mythology)">Pontus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thalassa" title="Thalassa">Thalassa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tartarus" title="Tartarus">Tartarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uranus_(mythology)" title="Uranus (mythology)">Uranus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Titans" title="Titans">Titans</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">First generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coeus" title="Coeus">Coeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crius" title="Crius">Crius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cronus" title="Cronus">Cronus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperion_(Titan)" title="Hyperion (Titan)">Hyperion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iapetus" title="Iapetus">Iapetus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mnemosyne" title="Mnemosyne">Mnemosyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceanus" title="Oceanus">Oceanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoebe_(Titaness)" title="Phoebe (Titaness)">Phoebe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhea_(mythology)" title="Rhea (mythology)">Rhea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tethys_(mythology)" title="Tethys (mythology)">Tethys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theia" title="Theia">Theia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Themis" title="Themis">Themis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Second generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asteria" title="Asteria">Asteria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astraeus" title="Astraeus">Astraeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_(mythology)" title="Atlas (mythology)">Atlas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eos" title="Eos">Eos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epimetheus" title="Epimetheus">Epimetheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helios" title="Helios">Helios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leto" title="Leto">Leto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menoetius" title="Menoetius">Menoetius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metis_(mythology)" title="Metis (mythology)">Metis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallas_(Titan)" title="Pallas (Titan)">Pallas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perses_(son_of_Crius)" title="Perses (son of Crius)">Perses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prometheus" title="Prometheus">Prometheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selene" title="Selene">Selene</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Third generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hecate" title="Hecate">Hecate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesperus" title="Hesperus">Hesperus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus_(morning_star)" title="Phosphorus (morning star)">Phosphorus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Twelve_Olympians" title="Twelve Olympians">Twelve Olympians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aphrodite" title="Aphrodite">Aphrodite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo" title="Apollo">Apollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ares" title="Ares">Ares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis" title="Artemis">Artemis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athena" title="Athena">Athena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demeter" title="Demeter">Demeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysus" title="Dionysus">Dionysus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hephaestus" title="Hephaestus">Hephaestus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hera" title="Hera">Hera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermes" title="Hermes">Hermes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hestia" title="Hestia">Hestia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poseidon" title="Poseidon">Poseidon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeus" title="Zeus">Zeus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Greek_water_deities" title="Greek water deities">Water deities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amphitrite" title="Amphitrite">Amphitrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpheus_(deity)" title="Alpheus (deity)">Alpheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceto" title="Ceto">Ceto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glaucus" title="Glaucus">Glaucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naiad" title="Naiad">Naiads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nereid" class="mw-redirect" title="Nereid">Nereids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nereus" title="Nereus">Nereus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceanids" title="Oceanids">Oceanids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phorcys" title="Phorcys">Phorcys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poseidon" title="Poseidon">Poseidon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proteus" title="Proteus">Proteus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_gods_(Greek_mythology)" title="River gods (Greek mythology)">River gods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scamander" title="Scamander">Scamander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaumas" title="Thaumas">Thaumas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thetis" title="Thetis">Thetis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triton_(mythology)" title="Triton (mythology)">Triton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Love deities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Erotes10" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Erotes" title="Erotes">Erotes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anteros" title="Anteros">Anteros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eros" title="Eros">Eros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedylogos" title="Hedylogos">Hedylogos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermaphroditus" title="Hermaphroditus">Hermaphroditus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotes#Himeros" title="Erotes">Himeros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hymen_(god)" title="Hymen (god)"> Hymen/Hymenaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotes#Pothos" title="Erotes">Pothos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aphrodite" title="Aphrodite">Aphrodite</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aphroditus" title="Aphroditus">Aphroditus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philotes" title="Philotes">Philotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peitho" title="Peitho">Peitho</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">War deities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adrestia" class="mw-redirect" title="Adrestia">Adrestia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alala" title="Alala">Alala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alke" title="Alke">Alke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphillogiai" class="mw-redirect" title="Amphillogiai">Amphillogiai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Androktasiai" title="Androktasiai">Androktasiai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ares" title="Ares">Ares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athena" title="Athena">Athena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bia_(mythology)" title="Bia (mythology)">Bia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deimos_(deity)" title="Deimos (deity)">Deimos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enyalius" title="Enyalius">Enyalius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enyo" title="Enyo">Enyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eris_(mythology)" title="Eris (mythology)">Eris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gynaecothoenas" class="mw-redirect" title="Gynaecothoenas">Gynaecothoenas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homados" title="Homados">Homados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hysminai" title="Hysminai">Hysminai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioke_(mythology)" title="Ioke (mythology)">Ioke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keres" title="Keres">Keres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kratos_(mythology)" title="Kratos (mythology)">Kratos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kydoimos" title="Kydoimos">Kydoimos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_(goddess)" title="Ma (goddess)">Ma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machai" title="Machai">Machai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nike_(mythology)" title="Nike (mythology)">Nike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palioxis" title="Palioxis">Palioxis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallas_(Titan)" title="Pallas (Titan)">Pallas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perses_(Titan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Perses (Titan)">Perses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phobos_(mythology)" title="Phobos (mythology)">Phobos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phonoi" title="Phonoi">Phonoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polemos" title="Polemos">Polemos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proioxis" title="Proioxis">Proioxis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chthonic_deities" title="Chthonic deities">Chthonic deities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Psychopomps15" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Psychopomp" title="Psychopomp">Psychopomps</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charon" title="Charon">Charon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermes" title="Hermes">Hermes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hermanubis" title="Hermanubis">Hermanubis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanatos" title="Thanatos">Thanatos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angelos_(mythology)" title="Angelos (mythology)">Angelos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabeiri" title="Cabeiri">Cabeiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hades" title="Hades">Hades</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pluto_(mythology)" title="Pluto (mythology)">Pluto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hecate" title="Hecate">Hecate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypnos" title="Hypnos">Hypnos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keres" title="Keres">Keres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampad" class="mw-redirect" title="Lampad">Lampad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melino%C3%AB" title="Melinoë">Melinoë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persephone" title="Persephone">Persephone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zagreus" title="Zagreus">Zagreus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Health deities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aceso" title="Aceso">Aceso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aegle_(mythology)" title="Aegle (mythology)">Aegle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis" title="Artemis">Artemis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo" title="Apollo">Apollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asclepius" title="Asclepius">Asclepius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiron" title="Chiron">Chiron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darrhon" title="Darrhon">Darrhon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eileithyia" title="Eileithyia">Eileithyia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epione" title="Epione">Epione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebe_(mythology)" title="Hebe (mythology)">Hebe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hygieia" title="Hygieia">Hygieia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iaso" title="Iaso">Iaso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paean_(god)" title="Paean (god)">Paean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panacea" title="Panacea">Panacea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telesphorus_(mythology)" title="Telesphorus (mythology)">Telesphorus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sleep deities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Empusa" title="Empusa">Empusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epiales" title="Epiales">Epiales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypnos" title="Hypnos">Hypnos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasithea" title="Pasithea">Pasithea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oneiros" title="Oneiros">Oneiroi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Messenger deities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angelia" title="Angelia">Angelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arke" title="Arke">Arke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermes" title="Hermes">Hermes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iris_(mythology)" title="Iris (mythology)">Iris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trickster deities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apate" title="Apate">Apate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermes" title="Hermes">Hermes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Momus" title="Momus">Momus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Magic deities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Circe" title="Circe">Circe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hecate" title="Hecate">Hecate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermes_Trismegistus" title="Hermes Trismegistus">Hermes Trismegistus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasipha%C3%AB" title="Pasiphaë">Pasiphaë</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Greek_deities" title="List of Greek deities">Other major deities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anemoi" title="Anemoi">Anemoi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boreas" title="Boreas">Boreas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurus" title="Eurus">Eurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notus" title="Notus">Notus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zephyrus" title="Zephyrus">Zephyrus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azone" title="Azone">Azone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysaor" title="Chrysaor">Chrysaor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cybele" title="Cybele">Cybele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eileithyia" title="Eileithyia">Eileithyia</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Erinyes" title="Erinyes">Erinyes</a> (Furies)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmonia" title="Harmonia">Harmonia</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Muses" title="Muses">Muses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemesis" title="Nemesis">Nemesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_(god)" title="Pan (god)">Pan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pegasus" title="Pegasus">Pegasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zelus" title="Zelus">Zelus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Greek_hero_cult" title="Greek hero cult">Heroes / <br />heroines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Individuals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abderus" title="Abderus">Abderus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achilles" title="Achilles">Achilles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actaeon" title="Actaeon">Actaeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adonis" title="Adonis">Adonis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aeneas" title="Aeneas">Aeneas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajax_the_Great" title="Ajax the Great">Ajax the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajax_the_Lesser" title="Ajax the Lesser">Ajax the Lesser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academus" title="Academus">Akademos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphiaraus" title="Amphiaraus">Amphiaraus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphitryon" title="Amphitryon">Amphitryon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antilochus" class="mw-redirect" title="Antilochus">Antilochus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atalanta" title="Atalanta">Atalanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autolycus" title="Autolycus">Autolycus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellerophon" title="Bellerophon">Bellerophon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouzyges" title="Bouzyges">Bouzyges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadmus" title="Cadmus">Cadmus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysippus_of_Elis" title="Chrysippus of Elis">Chrysippus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyamites" title="Cyamites">Cyamites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daedalus" title="Daedalus">Daedalus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diomedes" title="Diomedes">Diomedes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castor_and_Pollux" title="Castor and Pollux">Dioscuri</a> (Castor and Polydeuces)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Echetlus" title="Echetlus">Echetlus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleusis_(mythology)" title="Eleusis (mythology)">Eleusis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erechtheus" title="Erechtheus">Erechtheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eunostus_(hero)" title="Eunostus (hero)">Eunostus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganymede_(mythology)" title="Ganymede (mythology)">Ganymede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hector" title="Hector">Hector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heracles" title="Heracles">Heracles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icarus" title="Icarus">Icarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iolaus" title="Iolaus">Iolaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason" title="Jason">Jason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meleager" title="Meleager">Meleager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menelaus" title="Menelaus">Menelaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narcissus_(mythology)" title="Narcissus (mythology)">Narcissus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestor_(mythology)" title="Nestor (mythology)">Nestor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odysseus" title="Odysseus">Odysseus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oedipus" title="Oedipus">Oedipus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orpheus" title="Orpheus">Orpheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otrera" title="Otrera">Otrera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandion_(hero)" title="Pandion (hero)">Pandion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peleus" title="Peleus">Peleus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelops" title="Pelops">Pelops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penthesilea" title="Penthesilea">Penthesilea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perseus" title="Perseus">Perseus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theseus" title="Theseus">Theseus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triptolemus" title="Triptolemus">Triptolemus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argonauts" title="Argonauts">Argonauts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calydonian_boar_hunt#The_hunters" title="Calydonian boar hunt">Calydonian hunters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epigoni" title="Epigoni">Epigoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_against_Thebes" title="Seven against Thebes">Seven against Thebes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oracle" title="Oracle">Oracles</a> <br />/ seers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aesacus" title="Aesacus">Aesacus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleuas" title="Aleuas">Aleuas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphiaraus" title="Amphiaraus">Amphiaraus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphilochus_I_of_Argos" title="Amphilochus I of Argos">Amphilochus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ampyx" title="Ampyx">Ampyx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anius" title="Anius">Anius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asbolus" title="Asbolus">Asbolus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakis" title="Bakis">Bakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Branchus" title="Branchus">Branchus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calchas" title="Calchas">Calchas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnus" title="Carnus">Carnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carya_of_Laconia" title="Carya of Laconia">Carya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassandra" title="Cassandra">Cassandra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elatus" title="Elatus">Elatus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ennomus" title="Ennomus">Ennomus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epimenides" title="Epimenides">Epimenides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halitherses" title="Halitherses">Halitherses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helenus" class="mw-redirect" title="Helenus">Helenus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iamus" title="Iamus">Iamus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idmon" title="Idmon">Idmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manto_(mythology)" title="Manto (mythology)">Manto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melampus" title="Melampus">Melampus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mopsus" title="Mopsus">Mopsus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munichus" title="Munichus">Munichus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phineus" title="Phineus">Phineus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyidus" class="mw-redirect" title="Polyidus">Polyeidos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polypheides" title="Polypheides">Polypheides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pythia" title="Pythia">Pythia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibyl" title="Sibyl">Sibyls</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cimmerian_Sibyl" title="Cimmerian Sibyl">Cimmerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumaean_Sibyl" title="Cumaean Sibyl">Cumaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delphic_Sibyl" title="Delphic Sibyl">Delphic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erythraean_Sibyl" title="Erythraean Sibyl">Erythraean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellespontine_Sibyl" title="Hellespontine Sibyl">Hellespontine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_Sibyl" title="Libyan Sibyl">Libyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_Sibyl" title="Persian Sibyl">Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phrygian_Sibyl" title="Phrygian Sibyl">Phrygian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samian_Sibyl" title="Samian Sibyl">Samian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telemus" title="Telemus">Telemus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theiodamas" title="Theiodamas">Theiodamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theoclymenus" title="Theoclymenus">Theoclymenus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiresias" title="Tiresias">Tiresias</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;;width:1%">Other <br /> mortals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aegeus" title="Aegeus">Aegeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aegisthus" title="Aegisthus">Aegisthus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agamemnon" title="Agamemnon">Agamemnon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andromache" title="Andromache">Andromache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andromeda_(mythology)" title="Andromeda (mythology)">Andromeda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antigone" title="Antigone">Antigone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augeas" title="Augeas">Augeas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Briseis" title="Briseis">Briseis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassiopeia_(mother_of_Andromeda)" title="Cassiopeia (mother of Andromeda)">Cassiopeia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creon_(king_of_Thebes)" title="Creon (king of Thebes)">Creon of Thebes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chryseis" title="Chryseis">Chryseis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysothemis" title="Chrysothemis">Chrysothemis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clytemnestra" title="Clytemnestra">Clytemnestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damocles" title="Damocles">Damocles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deidamia_(daughter_of_Lycomedes)" title="Deidamia (daughter of Lycomedes)">Deidamia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deucalion" title="Deucalion">Deucalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electra" title="Electra">Electra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eteocles" title="Eteocles">Eteocles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europa_(consort_of_Zeus)" title="Europa (consort of Zeus)">Europa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordias" title="Gordias">Gordias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hecuba" title="Hecuba">Hecuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_of_Troy" title="Helen of Troy">Helen of Troy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellen" title="Hellen">Hellen</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Heracleidae" title="Heracleidae">Heracleidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermione_(mythology)" title="Hermione (mythology)">Hermione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippolyta" title="Hippolyta">Hippolyta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Io_(mythology)" title="Io (mythology)">Io</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iphigenia" title="Iphigenia">Iphigenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ismene" title="Ismene">Ismene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jocasta" title="Jocasta">Jocasta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laius" title="Laius">Laius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycian_peasants" title="Lycian peasants">Lycian peasants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycaon_(king_of_Arcadia)" title="Lycaon (king of Arcadia)">Lycaon</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Maenad" title="Maenad">Maenads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memnon" title="Memnon">Memnon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messapian_shepherds" title="Messapian shepherds">Messapian shepherds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midas" title="Midas">Midas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minos" title="Minos">Minos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrrha" title="Myrrha">Myrrha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoptolemus" title="Neoptolemus">Neoptolemus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niobe" title="Niobe">Niobe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orestes" title="Orestes">Orestes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_(mythology)" title="Paris (mythology)">Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patroclus" title="Patroclus">Patroclus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penelope" title="Penelope">Penelope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philomela" title="Philomela">Philomela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_(son_of_Agenor)" title="Phoenix (son of Agenor)">Phoenix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polybus_of_Corinth" title="Polybus of Corinth">Polybus of Corinth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynices" title="Polynices">Polynices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priam" title="Priam">Priam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procne" title="Procne">Procne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pylades" title="Pylades">Pylades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrrha_(mythology)" title="Pyrrha (mythology)">Pyrrha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telemachus" title="Telemachus">Telemachus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troilus" title="Troilus">Troilus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Greek_underworld" title="Greek underworld">Underworld</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Entrances to <br /> the underworld</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rivers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acheron" title="Acheron">Acheron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocytus" title="Cocytus">Cocytus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eridanos_(river_of_Hades)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eridanos (river of Hades)">Eridanos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lethe" title="Lethe">Lethe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phlegethon" title="Phlegethon">Phlegethon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Styx" title="Styx">Styx</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lakes/swamps</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acherusia" title="Acherusia">Acherusia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Avernus" title="Lake Avernus">Avernus Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lerna" title="Lerna">Lerna Lake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Caves</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Cave at <a href="/wiki/Cape_Matapan" title="Cape Matapan">Cape Matapan</a></li> <li>Cave at <a href="/wiki/Lake_Avernus" title="Lake Avernus">Lake Avernus</a></li> <li>Cave at <a href="/wiki/Heraclea_Pontica" title="Heraclea Pontica">Heraclea Pontica</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Charoniums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Charonium at <a href="/wiki/Aornum" title="Aornum">Aornum</a></li> <li>Charonium at <a href="/wiki/Acharaca" title="Acharaca">Acharaca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ploutonion" title="Ploutonion">Ploutonion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Ploutonion at <a href="/wiki/Acharaca" title="Acharaca">Acharaca</a></li> <li>Ploutonion at <a href="/wiki/Eleusis" class="mw-redirect" title="Eleusis">Eleusis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ploutonion_at_Hierapolis" title="Ploutonion at Hierapolis">Ploutonion at Hierapolis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Necromanteion (necromancy temple)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Necromanteion_of_Acheron" title="Necromanteion of Acheron">Necromanteion of Acheron</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elysium" title="Elysium">Elysium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erebus" title="Erebus">Erebus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asphodel_Meadows" title="Asphodel Meadows">Fields of Asphodel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortunate_Isles" title="Fortunate Isles">Isles of the Blessed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_underworld#Mourning_Fields" title="Greek underworld">Mourning Fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tartarus" title="Tartarus">Tartarus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Judges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aeacus" title="Aeacus">Aeacus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minos" title="Minos">Minos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhadamanthus" title="Rhadamanthus">Rhadamanthus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Guards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Campe" title="Campe">Campe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerberus" title="Cerberus">Cerberus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Residents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anticlea" title="Anticlea">Anticlea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dana%C3%AFdes" title="Danaïdes">Danaïdes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurydice" title="Eurydice">Eurydice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ixion" title="Ixion">Ixion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocnus" title="Ocnus">Ocnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmoneus" title="Salmoneus">Salmoneus</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Shade_(mythology)" title="Shade (mythology)">Shades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisyphus" title="Sisyphus">Sisyphus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tantalus" title="Tantalus">Tantalus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiresias" title="Tiresias">Tiresias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titans_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Titans (mythology)">Titans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tityos" title="Tityos">Tityos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Katabasis#Trip_into_the_underworld" title="Katabasis">Visitors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dionysus" title="Dionysus">Dionysus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heracles" title="Heracles">Heracles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermes" title="Hermes">Hermes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odysseus" title="Odysseus">Odysseus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orpheus" title="Orpheus">Orpheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirithous" title="Pirithous">Pirithous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cupid_and_Psyche" title="Cupid and Psyche">Psyche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theseus" title="Theseus">Theseus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Symbols/objects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bident" title="Bident">Bident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cap_of_invisibility" title="Cap of invisibility">Cap of invisibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charon%27s_obol" title="Charon's obol">Charon's obol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Animals, daemons, <br />and spirits</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ascalaphus_(son_of_Acheron)" title="Ascalaphus (son of Acheron)">Ascalaphus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceuthonymus" title="Ceuthonymus">Ceuthonymus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurynomos_(daemon)" title="Eurynomos (daemon)">Eurynomos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menoetius" title="Menoetius">Menoetius</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;;width:1%">Mythical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Beings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Greek_mythological_figures" title="Lists of Greek mythological figures">Lists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Greek_deities" title="List of Greek deities">Deities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Greek_mythological_creatures" title="List of Greek mythological creatures">Mythological creatures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mortals_in_Greek_mythology" title="List of mortals in Greek mythology">Mortals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_minor_Greek_mythological_figures" title="List of minor Greek mythological figures">Minor figures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Trojan_War_characters" title="List of Trojan War characters">Trojan War characters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minor spirits</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daemon_(classical_mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Daemon (classical mythology)">Daemon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agathodaemon" title="Agathodaemon">Agathodaemon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cacodemon" title="Cacodemon">Cacodaemon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eudaemon_(mythology)" title="Eudaemon (mythology)">Eudaemon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nymph" title="Nymph">Nymph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyr" title="Satyr">Satyr</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Beasts /<br /> creatures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centaur" title="Centaur">Centaur</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centaurides" title="Centaurides">Centaurides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ichthyocentaur" title="Ichthyocentaur">Ichthyocentaur</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclops" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyclops">Cyclops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragons_in_Greek_mythology" title="Dragons in Greek mythology">Dragon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drakaina_(mythology)" title="Drakaina (mythology)">Drakaina</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Echidna_(mythology)" title="Echidna (mythology)">Echidna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giants_(Greek_mythology)" title="Giants (Greek mythology)">Giant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorgon" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorgon">Gorgon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpy" title="Harpy">Harpy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hecatonchires" class="mw-redirect" title="Hecatonchires">Hecatonchires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippocampus_(mythology)" title="Hippocampus (mythology)">Hippocampus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrois" class="mw-redirect" title="Pyrois">Horses of Helios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamia" title="Lamia">Lamia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_(mythology)" title="Phoenix (mythology)">Phoenix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Python_(mythology)" title="Python (mythology)">Python</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siren_(mythology)" title="Siren (mythology)">Siren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scylla" title="Scylla">Scylla</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charybdis" title="Charybdis">Charybdis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphinx" title="Sphinx">Sphinx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typhon" title="Typhon">Typhon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Captured <br />/ slain by <br /> <a href="/wiki/Greek_hero_cult" title="Greek hero cult">heroes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calydonian_boar" class="mw-redirect" title="Calydonian boar">Calydonian boar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerberus" title="Cerberus">Cerberus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerynian_Hind" class="mw-redirect" title="Cerynian Hind">Cerynian Hind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chimera_(mythology)" title="Chimera (mythology)">Chimera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_Bull" title="Cretan Bull">Cretan Bull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crommyonian_Sow" title="Crommyonian Sow">Crommyonian Sow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erymanthian_boar" title="Erymanthian boar">Erymanthian boar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalkotauroi" title="Khalkotauroi">Khalkotauroi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lernaean_Hydra" title="Lernaean Hydra">Lernaean Hydra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mares_of_Diomedes" title="Mares of Diomedes">Mares of Diomedes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medusa" title="Medusa">Medusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minotaur" title="Minotaur">Minotaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemean_lion" title="Nemean lion">Nemean lion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthrus" title="Orthrus">Orthrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyphemus" title="Polyphemus">Polyphemus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stymphalian_birds" title="Stymphalian birds">Stymphalian birds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talos" title="Talos">Talos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teumessian_fox" title="Teumessian fox">Teumessian fox</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tribes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achaeans_(Homer)" title="Achaeans (Homer)">Achaeans</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Amazons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthropophage" title="Anthropophage">Anthropophagi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bebryces" title="Bebryces">Bebryces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cicones" title="Cicones">Cicones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curetes_(tribe)" title="Curetes (tribe)">Curetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dactyl_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dactyl (mythology)">Dactyls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gargareans" title="Gargareans">Gargareans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halizones" title="Halizones">Halizones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korybantes" title="Korybantes">Korybantes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laestrygonians" title="Laestrygonians">Laestrygonians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapiths" title="Lapiths">Lapiths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus-eaters" title="Lotus-eaters">Lotus-eaters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrmidons" title="Myrmidons">Myrmidons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pygmy_(Greek_mythology)" title="Pygmy (Greek mythology)">Pygmies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spartoi" class="mw-redirect" title="Spartoi">Spartoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telchines" title="Telchines">Telchines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places <br />/ Realms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aethiopia" title="Aethiopia">Aethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ara_(constellation)#History" title="Ara (constellation)">Ara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colchis#In_mythology" title="Colchis">Colchis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erytheia" title="Erytheia">Erytheia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperborea" title="Hyperborea">Hyperborea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ismarus_(Thrace)" title="Ismarus (Thrace)">Ismarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homer%27s_Ithaca" title="Homer's Ithaca">Ithaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Libya (mythology)">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nysa_(mythology)" title="Nysa (mythology)">Nysa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogygia" title="Ogygia">Ogygia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panchaia_(island)" title="Panchaia (island)">Panchaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phlegra_(mythology)" title="Phlegra (mythology)">Phlegra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scheria" title="Scheria">Scheria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scythia" title="Scythia">Scythia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symplegades" title="Symplegades">Symplegades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tartessos" title="Tartessos">Tartessos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Themiscyra_(Pontus)" title="Themiscyra (Pontus)">Themiscyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrinacia" class="mw-redirect" title="Thrinacia">Thrinacia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troy" title="Troy">Troy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_and_Daphne" title="Apollo and Daphne">Apollo and Daphne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calydonian_boar_hunt" title="Calydonian boar hunt">Calydonian boar hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cupid_and_Psyche" title="Cupid and Psyche">Eros and Psyche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judgment_of_Paris" class="mw-redirect" title="Judgment of Paris">Judgment of Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labours_of_Hercules" title="Labours of Hercules">Labours of Heracles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orpheus_and_Eurydice" title="Orpheus and Eurydice">Orpheus and Eurydice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Returns_from_Troy" title="Returns from Troy">Returns from Troy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazonomachy" title="Amazonomachy">Amazonomachy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attic_War" title="Attic War">Attic War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centauromachy" class="mw-redirect" title="Centauromachy">Centauromachy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gigantomachy" class="mw-redirect" title="Gigantomachy">Gigantomachy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysiaca" title="Dionysiaca">Indian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theomachy" title="Theomachy">Theomachy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titanomachy" title="Titanomachy">Titanomachy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trojan_War" title="Trojan War">Trojan War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Objects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adamant" title="Adamant">Adamant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aegis" title="Aegis">Aegis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrosia" title="Ambrosia">Ambrosia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_of_Discord" title="Apple of Discord">Apple of Discord</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Argo" title="Argo">Argo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon%27s_teeth_(mythology)" title="Dragon's teeth (mythology)">Dragon's teeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diipetes" title="Diipetes">Diipetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eidolon" title="Eidolon">Eidolon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galatea_(mythology)" title="Galatea (mythology)">Galatea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girdle_of_Aphrodite" title="Girdle of Aphrodite">Girdle of Aphrodite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_apple" title="Golden apple">Golden apple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Fleece" title="Golden Fleece">Golden Fleece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordian_knot" class="mw-redirect" title="Gordian knot">Gordian knot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpe" title="Harpe">Harpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ichor" title="Ichor">Ichor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labyrinth#Cretan_labyrinth" title="Labyrinth">Labyrinth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_tree" title="Lotus tree">Lotus tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milk_of_Hera" title="Milk of Hera">Milk of Hera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moly_(herb)" title="Moly (herb)">Moly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necklace_of_Harmonia" title="Necklace of Harmonia">Necklace of Harmonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orichalcum" title="Orichalcum">Orichalcum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palladium_(classical_antiquity)" title="Palladium (classical antiquity)">Palladium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panacea_(medicine)" title="Panacea (medicine)">Panacea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandora%27s_box" title="Pandora's box">Pandora's box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petasos" title="Petasos">Petasos</a> (<a href="/wiki/Winged_helmet" title="Winged helmet">Winged helmet</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scheria#The_Phaeacian_ships" title="Scheria">Phaeacian ships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosopher%27s_stone" title="Philosopher's stone">Philosopher's stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shield_of_Achilles" title="Shield of Achilles">Shield of Achilles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirt_of_Nessus" title="Shirt of Nessus">Shirt of Nessus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damocles" title="Damocles">Sword of Damocles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talaria" title="Talaria">Talaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thunderbolt" title="Thunderbolt">Thunderbolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thyrsus" title="Thyrsus">Thyrsus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trident_of_Poseidon" title="Trident of Poseidon">Trident of Poseidon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trojan_Horse" title="Trojan Horse">Trojan Horse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winnowing_Oar" title="Winnowing Oar">Winnowing Oar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheel_of_fire" title="Wheel of fire">Wheel of fire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Symbols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bowl_of_Hygieia" title="Bowl of Hygieia">Bowl of Hygieia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caduceus" title="Caduceus">Caduceus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornucopia" title="Cornucopia">Cornucopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorgoneion" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorgoneion">Gorgoneion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kantharos" title="Kantharos">Kantharos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labrys" title="Labrys">Labrys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orphic_egg" class="mw-redirect" title="Orphic egg">Orphic egg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouroboros" title="Ouroboros">Ouroboros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owl_of_Athena" title="Owl of Athena">Owl of Athena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rod_of_Asclepius" title="Rod of Asclepius">Rod of Asclepius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swan_song" title="Swan song">Swan song</a></li> <li>Wind <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_wind" title="East wind">East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_wind" title="West wind">West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_wind" title="North wind">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_wind" title="South wind">South</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;;width:1%">Modern<br />treatments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classical_mythology_in_western_art_and_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical mythology in western art and literature">Classical mythology in western art and literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classicism" title="Classicism">Classicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classics" title="Classics">Classics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology_in_popular_culture" title="Greek mythology in popular culture">Greek mythology in popular culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_understanding_of_Greek_mythology" title="Modern understanding of Greek mythology">Modern understanding of Greek mythology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134154#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1361" 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/806706/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4142171-1">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85004138">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11943036d">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11943036d">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Amazonky (mytologické postavy)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph499671&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX528714">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007294752905171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1538131">Trove</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amazons&oldid=1279765946">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amazons&oldid=1279765946</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" 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