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<span>Creation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Creation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Powers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Powers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Powers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Powers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Composition_and_political_control" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Composition_and_political_control"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Composition and political control</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Composition_and_political_control-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Composition and political control subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Composition_and_political_control-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Elections_to_the_GLC" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elections_to_the_GLC"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Elections to the GLC</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elections_to_the_GLC-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aldermanic_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aldermanic_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Aldermanic elections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aldermanic_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_schemes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_schemes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notable schemes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_schemes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Abolition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abolition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Abolition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Abolition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Replacement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Replacement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Replacement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Replacement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leaders_of_the_GLC" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leaders_of_the_GLC"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Leaders of the GLC</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leaders_of_the_GLC-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet 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Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2" title="বৃহত্তর লন্ডন কাউন্সিল – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বৃহত্তর লন্ডন কাউন্সিল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_London_Council" title="Greater London Council – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Greater London Council" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_London_Council" title="Greater London Council – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Greater London Council" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_London_Council" title="Greater London Council – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Greater London Council" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_London_Council" title="Greater London Council – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Greater London Council" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%B2%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="شورای لندن بزرگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شورای لندن بزرگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_London_Council" title="Greater London Council – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Greater London Council" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_London_Council" title="Greater London Council – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Greater London Council" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consiglio_della_Grande_Londra" title="Consiglio della Grande Londra – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Consiglio della Grande Londra" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%A6%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%AA%D7%99" title="מועצת לונדון רבתי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מועצת לונדון רבתי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2" title="ग्रेटर लंडन काउन्सिल – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ग्रेटर लंडन काउन्सिल" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AD%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AB%E3%82%A6%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B7%E3%83%AB" title="グレーター・ロンドン・カウンシル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="グレーター・ロンドン・カウンシル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stor-London_fylkesting" title="Stor-London fylkesting – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Stor-London fylkesting" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conselho_da_Grande_Londres" title="Conselho da Grande Londres – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Conselho da Grande Londres" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Совет Большого Лондона – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Совет Большого Лондона" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_London_Council" title="Greater London Council – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Greater London Council" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Рада Великого Лондона – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Рада Великого Лондона" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1476542#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" 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For the similar body that was created in 2000, see <a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Authority" title="Greater London Authority">Greater London Authority</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%; background-color: #ededed"><div style="display:inline" class="fn org">Greater London Council</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_the_Council_of_Greater_London.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Coat of arms or logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Arms_of_the_Council_of_Greater_London.svg/125px-Arms_of_the_Council_of_Greater_London.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Arms_of_the_Council_of_Greater_London.svg/188px-Arms_of_the_Council_of_Greater_London.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Arms_of_the_Council_of_Greater_London.svg/250px-Arms_of_the_Council_of_Greater_London.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="167" data-file-height="222" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Coat of arms</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Greater_London_Council.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Greater_London_Council.png/150px-Flag_of_the_Greater_London_Council.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Greater_London_Council.png/225px-Flag_of_the_Greater_London_Council.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Greater_London_Council.png/300px-Flag_of_the_Greater_London_Council.png 2x" data-file-width="510" data-file-height="282" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Symbols_of_Greater_London" title="Symbols of Greater London">Flag</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">Type</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.3em;"><div style="display:inline" class="category"><a href="/wiki/Unicameral" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicameral">Unicameral</a></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Established</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/London_Government_Act_1963" title="London Government Act 1963">1 April 1965</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Disbanded</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_1985" title="Local Government Act 1985">31 March 1986</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/London_County_Council" title="London County Council">London County Council</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Authority" title="Greater London Authority">Greater London Authority</a> (2000)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">Structure</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Seats</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_electoral_divisions_in_Greater_London" title="List of electoral divisions in Greater London">Electoral divisions</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Councillors</div></th><td class="infobox-data">100 (1965–1973)<br />92 (1973–1986)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Aldermen</div></th><td class="infobox-data">16 (1965–1973)<br />15 (1973–1977)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">Elections</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">First election</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/1964_Greater_London_Council_election" title="1964 Greater London Council election">9 April 1964</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Last election</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/1981_Greater_London_Council_election" title="1981 Greater London Council election">7 May 1981</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">Meeting place</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:County.hall.london.arp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/County.hall.london.arp.jpg/250px-County.hall.london.arp.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/County.hall.london.arp.jpg/375px-County.hall.london.arp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/County.hall.london.arp.jpg/500px-County.hall.london.arp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1261" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data label"><a href="/wiki/County_Hall,_London" title="County Hall, London">County Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lambeth" title="Lambeth">Lambeth</a> which was the headquarters of the GLC<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Greater London Council</b> (<b>GLC</b>) was the top-tier local government administrative body for <a href="/wiki/Greater_London" title="Greater London">Greater London</a> from 1965 to 1986. It replaced the earlier <a href="/wiki/London_County_Council" title="London County Council">London County Council</a> (LCC) which had covered a much smaller area. The GLC was dissolved in 1986 by the <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_1985" title="Local Government Act 1985">Local Government Act 1985</a> and its powers were devolved to the London boroughs and other entities. A new administrative body, known as the <a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Authority" title="Greater London Authority">Greater London Authority</a> (GLA), was established in 2000. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_London_Council&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1957 a <a href="/wiki/Royal_Commission_on_Local_Government_in_Greater_London" title="Royal Commission on Local Government in Greater London">Royal Commission on Local Government in Greater London</a> had been set up under <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Herbert,_Baron_Tangley" title="Edwin Herbert, Baron Tangley">Sir Edwin Herbert</a> to consider the local government arrangements in the <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> area. </p><p>It reported in 1960, recommending the creation of 52 new <a href="/wiki/London_borough" class="mw-redirect" title="London borough">London boroughs</a> as the basis for local government. It further recommended that the LCC be replaced by a weaker strategic authority, with responsibility for public transport, road schemes, housing development and regeneration. The <a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Group" title="Greater London Group">Greater London Group</a>, a research centre of academics within the <a href="/wiki/London_School_of_Economics" title="London School of Economics">London School of Economics</a>, also had a significant effort on the commission's report and the eventual creation of the GLC.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most of the commission's recommendations were accepted, but the number of new boroughs was reduced to 32. <a href="/wiki/Greater_London" title="Greater London">Greater London</a> covered the whole <a href="/wiki/County_of_London" title="County of London">County of London</a> and most of <a href="/wiki/Middlesex" title="Middlesex">Middlesex</a>, plus parts of <a href="/wiki/Essex" title="Essex">Essex</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Surrey" title="Surrey">Surrey</a>, a small part of <a href="/wiki/Hertfordshire" title="Hertfordshire">Hertfordshire</a> and the <a href="/wiki/County_Borough" class="mw-redirect" title="County Borough">County Boroughs</a> of <a href="/wiki/County_Borough_of_Croydon" title="County Borough of Croydon">Croydon</a> (Surrey) and <a href="/wiki/County_Borough_of_East_Ham" title="County Borough of East Ham">East</a> and <a href="/wiki/County_Borough_of_West_Ham" title="County Borough of West Ham">West Ham</a> (both in Essex), all of which had been independent of county council control since 1889.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-herbert_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-herbert-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some areas on the boundaries of the area recommended by the Herbert Commission, fearing increased local taxation, fought successfully not to come under the new Greater London Council, notably the urban districts of <a href="/wiki/Chigwell_Urban_District" title="Chigwell Urban District">Chigwell</a> in Essex; and <a href="/wiki/Sunbury-on-Thames_Urban_District" title="Sunbury-on-Thames Urban District">Sunbury-on-Thames</a>, <a href="/wiki/Staines_Urban_District" title="Staines Urban District">Staines</a> and <a href="/wiki/Potters_Bar_Urban_District" title="Potters Bar Urban District">Potters Bar</a> in Middlesex. Other areas recommended for inclusion that were never part of Greater London included <a href="/wiki/Epsom_and_Ewell" title="Epsom and Ewell">Epsom and Ewell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caterham" title="Caterham">Caterham</a> and <a href="/wiki/Warlingham" title="Warlingham">Warlingham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Esher" title="Esher">Esher</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Weybridge" title="Weybridge">Weybridge</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-herbert_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-herbert-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first election for the new Greater London Council took place on 9 April 1964, and the old London County Council was abolished the following year.<sup id="cite_ref-Barratt_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barratt-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Guardian_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guardian-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Creation">Creation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_London_Council&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Creation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The GLC was established on 1 April 1965 by the <a href="/wiki/London_Government_Act_1963" title="London Government Act 1963">London Government Act 1963</a>, which sought to create a new body covering more of London rather than just the inner part of the <a href="/wiki/Conurbation" title="Conurbation">conurbation</a>, additionally including and empowering newly created London boroughs within the overall administrative structure.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Within the new <a href="/wiki/Greater_London" title="Greater London">Greater London</a> administrative area the council replaced <a href="/wiki/Essex_County_Council" title="Essex County Council">Essex County Council</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hertfordshire_County_Council" title="Hertfordshire County Council">Hertfordshire County Council</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kent_County_Council" title="Kent County Council">Kent County Council</a>, <a href="/wiki/London_County_Council" title="London County Council">London County Council</a>, <a href="/wiki/Middlesex_County_Council" title="Middlesex County Council">Middlesex County Council</a> and the councils of the county boroughs of <a href="/wiki/County_Borough_of_Croydon" title="County Borough of Croydon">Croydon</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_Borough_of_East_Ham" title="County Borough of East Ham">East Ham</a> and <a href="/wiki/County_Borough_of_West_Ham" title="County Borough of West Ham">West Ham</a>. </p><p>GLC councillors elected for Inner London electoral divisions (the former County of London) became <i><a href="/wiki/Ex_officio" class="mw-redirect" title="Ex officio">ex officio</a></i> members of the new <a href="/wiki/Inner_London_Education_Authority" title="Inner London Education Authority">Inner London Education Authority</a>, which took over the LCC responsibility for education. By contrast in Outer London, which was the rest of Greater London, the 20 London borough councils each became a local education authority, akin to a county council or county borough in the rest of England.<sup id="cite_ref-ilea_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ilea-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Powers">Powers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_London_Council&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Powers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The GLC was responsible for running strategic services such as the <a href="/wiki/Fire_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Fire service">fire service</a>, emergency planning, waste disposal and flood prevention. The GLC shared responsibility with the <a href="/wiki/London_borough" class="mw-redirect" title="London borough">London boroughs</a> for providing roads, housing, <a href="/wiki/City_planning" class="mw-redirect" title="City planning">city planning</a> and leisure services. It had a very limited role in direct service provision with most functions the responsibility of the London boroughs. The GLC did not take control of public transport from the <a href="/wiki/London_Transport_Board" title="London Transport Board">London Transport Board</a> until 1970 and lost control to <a href="/wiki/London_Regional_Transport" title="London Regional Transport">London Regional Transport</a> in 1984. Under the 1963 Act, the GLC was required to produce a <i>Greater London Development Plan</i>. The plan included in its wide-ranging remit: population changes, employment, housing, pollution, <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_London" title="Transport in London">transport</a>, roads, the <a href="/wiki/Central_London" title="Central London">central area</a>, growth and development areas, urban <a href="/wiki/Parks_and_open_spaces_in_London" title="Parks and open spaces in London">open spaces</a> and the urban landscape, public services and utilities and planning standards. The plan included the comprehensive redevelopment of <a href="/wiki/Covent_Garden" title="Covent Garden">Covent Garden</a> and creating a central London motorway loop. The plan was subject to an Inquiry which lasted from July 1970 until May 1972.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The campaign to save <a href="/wiki/Covent_Garden" title="Covent Garden">Covent Garden</a> along with various opposition on other matters largely derailed the plan.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to one observer: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Looked at from the angle of the GLC... it is useful to consider planning, highways, and traffic together, not only because of the links between them but also because, apart from housing, most other functions of the GLC although important in themselves, do not add up to an argument for a large authority of this type. The GLC is a strategic planning authority, taken in the widest sense, or it is nothing.<sup id="cite_ref-Hart1_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hart1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Composition_and_political_control">Composition and political control</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_London_Council&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Composition and political control"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lccchamber.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Lccchamber.jpg/220px-Lccchamber.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Lccchamber.jpg/330px-Lccchamber.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Lccchamber.jpg/440px-Lccchamber.jpg 2x" data-file-width="461" data-file-height="341" /></a><figcaption>Council Chamber of the GLC, from the majority benches</figcaption></figure> <p>Each of the six GLC elections was won by the leading national opposition party, with the party in government nationally coming second in the GLC elections.<sup id="cite_ref-demon_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-demon-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first GLC election was on 9 April 1964. Each of the new boroughs elected a number of representatives under the <a href="/wiki/Plurality-at-large_voting" class="mw-redirect" title="Plurality-at-large voting">bloc vote</a> system. Despite Conservative hopes, the first GLC consisted of 64 Labour and 36 Conservative councillors<sup id="cite_ref-demon_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-demon-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Labour Group leader <a href="/wiki/Bill_Fiske" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill Fiske">Bill Fiske</a> became the first Leader of the council.<sup id="cite_ref-demonhistory_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-demonhistory-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the next election in 1967 the unpopularity of the national Labour government produced a massive Conservative victory with 82 seats, to Labour's 18.<sup id="cite_ref-demon_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-demon-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Desmond_Plummer" title="Desmond Plummer">Desmond Plummer</a> became the first Conservative leader of London-wide government in 33 years. The Conservatives retained control in 1970 with a reduced majority.<sup id="cite_ref-demonhistory_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-demonhistory-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1972 the electoral system was reformed to introduce <a href="/wiki/Single-member_constituencies" class="mw-redirect" title="Single-member constituencies">single-member constituencies</a> for the election after the 1973 contest, and extend the term of office to four years. Labour fought the 1973 election on a strongly socialist platform and won with 58 seats to 32 for the Conservatives. The <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)" title="Liberal Party (UK)">Liberals</a> won two seats.<sup id="cite_ref-demon_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-demon-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The GLC's hopes under the Labour administration of <a href="/wiki/Reg_Goodwin" title="Reg Goodwin">Reg Goodwin</a> were badly affected by the oil crisis of 1974. Massive inflation, combined with the GLC's £1.6 billion debt, led to heavy rate increases (200% in total before the next election in 1977) and unpopular budget cuts. Some months before the 1977 elections the Labour Group began to split. A left group, including <a href="/wiki/Ken_Livingstone" title="Ken Livingstone">Ken Livingstone</a>, denounced the election manifesto of the party.<sup id="cite_ref-demonhistory_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-demonhistory-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Conservatives regained control in May 1977, winning 64 seats under their new <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Thatcherite</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Horace_Cutler" title="Horace Cutler">Horace Cutler</a> against a Labour total of just 28. Cutler headed a resolutely right-wing administration, cutting spending, selling <a href="/wiki/Council_housing" class="mw-redirect" title="Council housing">council housing</a> and deprioritising London Transport. In opposition the Labour Party continued to fractionalise: Goodwin resigned suddenly in 1980 and in the following leadership contest the little-regarded left-winger <a href="/wiki/Ken_Livingstone" title="Ken Livingstone">Ken Livingstone</a> was only just beaten in an intensely tactical campaign by the moderate <a href="/wiki/Andrew_McIntosh,_Baron_McIntosh_of_Haringey" title="Andrew McIntosh, Baron McIntosh of Haringey">Andrew McIntosh</a>. However, the Labour left were strong at constituency level and as the 1981 election approached they worked to ensure that their members were selected to stand and that their democratic socialist anti-austerity convictions shaped the <a href="/wiki/Manifesto" title="Manifesto">manifesto</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-demonhistory_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-demonhistory-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The May 1981 election was presented as a clash of ideologies by the Conservatives – <a href="/wiki/Thatcherism" title="Thatcherism">Thatcherism</a> against a "tax high, spend high" <a href="/wiki/Marxist" class="mw-redirect" title="Marxist">Marxist</a> Labour group, claiming that <a href="/wiki/Lord_McIntosh_of_Haringey" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord McIntosh of Haringey">Andrew McIntosh</a> would be deposed by <a href="/wiki/Ken_Livingstone" title="Ken Livingstone">Ken Livingstone</a> after the election. McIntosh and Labour Party leader <a href="/wiki/Michael_Foot" title="Michael Foot">Michael Foot</a> insisted this was untrue, and Labour won a very narrow victory with a majority of six. At a pre-arranged meeting of the new Councillors the day after the election, the Left faction won a complete victory over the less-organised Labour right. McIntosh lost with 20 votes to 30 for Ken Livingstone. Livingstone, dubbed "Red Ken" by some newspapers, managed to gain the guarded support of the Labour deputy leader <a href="/wiki/Illtyd_Harrington" title="Illtyd Harrington">Illtyd Harrington</a> and the party Chief Whip and set about his new administration. Livingstone's deputy leader of the GLC from 1985 to 1986 was <a href="/wiki/John_McDonnell" title="John McDonnell">John McDonnell</a>, future <a href="/wiki/Shadow_Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer" title="Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer">Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer</a> under <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Corbyn" title="Jeremy Corbyn">Jeremy Corbyn</a>. Livingstone's Technology Director was <a href="/wiki/Mike_Cooley_(engineer)" title="Mike Cooley (engineer)">Mike Cooley</a> who established The Greater London Enterprise Board (GLEB).<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Elections_to_the_GLC">Elections to the GLC</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_London_Council&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Elections to the GLC"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first election was held on 9 April 1964, a year before the creation of the council. Subsequent elections were held every three years for a three-year term in 1967, 1970 and 1973. The first three elections were for 100 councillors from 32 multi-member constituencies. This was revised to 92 councillors from single-member constituencies from the 1973 election. The electoral cycle was switched to four-yearly in 1976 and those elected in 1973 had their term extended by another year.<sup id="cite_ref-Order_1976_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Order_1976-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Elections were held for a four-year term in 1977 and 1981. In 1984 the elections that were due to happen in 1985 were cancelled and those elected in 1981 had their term extended by another year.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The results were as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-demon_14-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-demon-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="clear:both"> <tbody><tr> <td> </td> <td colspan="2"><b>Overall control</b> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative</a></b> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a></b> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)" title="Liberal Party (UK)">Liberal</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1981_Greater_London_Council_election" title="1981 Greater London Council election">1981</a> </td> <td style="background:#E4003B; width: 7px"> </td> <td>Labour </td> <td>41 </td> <td>50 </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1977_Greater_London_Council_election" title="1977 Greater London Council election">1977</a> </td> <td style="background:#0087DC"> </td> <td>Conservative </td> <td>64 </td> <td>28 </td> <td>– </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1973_Greater_London_Council_election" title="1973 Greater London Council election">1973</a> </td> <td style="background:#E4003B"> </td> <td>Labour </td> <td>32 </td> <td>58 </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1970_Greater_London_Council_election" title="1970 Greater London Council election">1970</a> </td> <td style="background:#0087DC"> </td> <td>Conservative </td> <td>65 </td> <td>35 </td> <td>– </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1967_Greater_London_Council_election" title="1967 Greater London Council election">1967</a> </td> <td style="background:#0087DC"> </td> <td>Conservative </td> <td>82 </td> <td>18 </td> <td>– </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1964_Greater_London_Council_election" title="1964 Greater London Council election">1964</a> </td> <td style="background:#E4003B"> </td> <td>Labour </td> <td>36 </td> <td>64 </td> <td>– </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aldermanic_elections">Aldermanic elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_London_Council&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Aldermanic elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In addition to the councillors, there were <a href="/wiki/Aldermen" class="mw-redirect" title="Aldermen">aldermen</a> elected by the council at the ratio of one alderman to every six councillors. Initially there were 100 councillors and sixteen <a href="/wiki/Aldermen" class="mw-redirect" title="Aldermen">aldermen</a> elected by the council. The eight aldermen elected with the fewest votes in 1964 were for a three year term and other eight had a six year term. Eight aldermen were elected for a six year term in 1967 and 1970. In 1973, to coincide with the reduction in the number of councillors to 92, the number of aldermen was reduced to fifteen and seven aldermen were elected by the council that year. In 1976 the post of alderman was abolished, taking effect from the 1977 election. Aldermen elected in 1970 had their term extended to seven years and those elected 1973 had their term shortened to four years.<sup id="cite_ref-Order_1976_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Order_1976-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_schemes">Notable schemes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_London_Council&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notable schemes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GLC_sign_in_LB_Lewisham_in_2022.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/GLC_sign_in_LB_Lewisham_in_2022.jpg/230px-GLC_sign_in_LB_Lewisham_in_2022.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/GLC_sign_in_LB_Lewisham_in_2022.jpg/345px-GLC_sign_in_LB_Lewisham_in_2022.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/GLC_sign_in_LB_Lewisham_in_2022.jpg/460px-GLC_sign_in_LB_Lewisham_in_2022.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>GLC sign on a housing estate in the <a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Lewisham" title="London Borough of Lewisham">London Borough of Lewisham</a> as seen in 2022</figcaption></figure> <p>The most notable and successful scheme of the GLC was the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Thames_Barrier" title="Thames Barrier">Thames Barrier</a> that took place between 1974 and 1982 at a cost of £534 million. Some saw it as a GLC vanity project but over time people's opinions have changed: the barrier was used 35 times in the 1990s and was raised 75 times in the first decade of the 21st century, due to rising sea-levels.<sup id="cite_ref-Barratt_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barratt-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1969, the GLC announced its plans for the <a href="/wiki/London_Ringways" title="London Ringways">London Ringways</a> which were three motorways that were proposed to solve London's traffic problem once and for all. However, the scheme met with heavy opposition as it would have included the demolition of 30,000 homes. The <a href="/wiki/Westway_(London)" title="Westway (London)">Westway</a> road scheme was opened in 1970 and hailed as a vision of the future. A review into the planned Ringways took place between 1970 and 1972. It concluded that construction should begin on the controversial Ringway One to relieve congestion in central London, but that the others needed a re-think. The <i>Outer Ringway</i> was given the go-ahead in 1973 and opened in 1986 as the <a href="/wiki/M25_motorway" title="M25 motorway">M25 motorway</a>. The remainder of the GLC's Ringway plans were finally killed off in the 1980s due to public opposition. This meant that the capital was left on a much more human scale than it might have been, but also meant that London was left with an eternally unsolved traffic problem.<sup id="cite_ref-Barratt2_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barratt2-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1983, GLC considered investing £230,000 into <a href="/wiki/Road%E2%80%93rail_vehicle#Road–rail_buses" title="Road–rail vehicle">Lucas rail-bus</a>, which could run on roads and rail tracks.<sup id="cite_ref-lucasbus_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lucasbus-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The original concept was developed by <a href="/wiki/Lucas_Aerospace" class="mw-redirect" title="Lucas Aerospace">Lucas Aerospace</a> workers in the 1970s. In 1980–1981, the workers' <a href="/wiki/Corporate_group" title="Corporate group">combine</a> built a prototype out of a second-hand Bristol bus.<sup id="cite_ref-lucasbus_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lucasbus-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The enthusiasm arose from the opportunity to cut costs on rail vehicle production by partially integrating bus parts.<sup id="cite_ref-lucasbus_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lucasbus-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two challenges had to be solved—collision consequences with much heavier rail vehicles and supervision of the transition from road to rail.<sup id="cite_ref-lucasbus_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lucasbus-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> large areas of homes in London remained derelict after being bombed in the war and some housing that remained standing was often squalid and overcrowded. The GLC, with new housing powers, sought to resolve this but the results were mixed: efforts to relocate Londoners from the dilapidated inner-city areas to the suburbs or satellite towns were met with resistance from the residents of those areas.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC.GLC_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC.GLC-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Notable successful housing developments that were built by the GLC include <a href="/wiki/Balfron_Tower" title="Balfron Tower">Balfron Tower</a> which was completed in 1967 in <a href="/wiki/Tower_Hamlets" class="mw-redirect" title="Tower Hamlets">Tower Hamlets</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trellick_Tower" title="Trellick Tower">Trellick Tower</a> which was completed in 1972 in <a href="/wiki/North_Kensington" title="North Kensington">North Kensington</a>. Both of these buildings are now <a href="/wiki/Grade_II*_listed_buildings_in_London" title="Grade II* listed buildings in London">Grade II* listed</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to the Thames Barrier, other notable successful GLC transport schemes which changed London included the opening of the <a href="/wiki/Blackwall_Tunnel" title="Blackwall Tunnel">Blackwall Tunnel</a> second bore and the improvements to the <a href="/wiki/Woolwich_Ferry" title="Woolwich Ferry">Woolwich Ferry</a> service.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC.GLC_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC.GLC-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Abolition">Abolition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_London_Council&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Abolition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Ken_Livingstone" title="Ken Livingstone">Ken Livingstone</a>'s high-spend socialist policies put the GLC into direct conflict with <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a>’s <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative</a> government. Livingstone soon became a thorn in the side of the sitting Conservative government. He antagonised Thatcher through a series of actions: these included posting a billboard of London's rising unemployment figures on the side of <a href="/wiki/County_Hall,_London" title="County Hall, London">County Hall</a> (directly opposite <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Westminster" title="Palace of Westminster">Parliament</a>), as well as the <a href="/wiki/Fares_Fair" title="Fares Fair">Fares Fair</a> policy of reducing <a href="/wiki/London_Underground" title="London Underground">Tube</a> and bus fares using government subsidies, and meeting <a href="/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Sinn Féin">Sinn Féin</a> MP <a href="/wiki/Gerry_Adams" title="Gerry Adams">Gerry Adams</a> at a time when Adams was banned from entering Great Britain due to his links with the <a href="/wiki/Provisional_IRA" class="mw-redirect" title="Provisional IRA">Provisional IRA</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 1983, the government argued for the abolition of the GLC, claiming that it was inefficient and unnecessary, and that its functions could be carried out more efficiently by the boroughs. The arguments for this case which were detailed in the <a href="/wiki/White_Paper" class="mw-redirect" title="White Paper">White Paper</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Streamlining_the_cities" title="Streamlining the cities">Streamlining the cities</a></i>. Critics of this position argued that the GLC's abolition (as with that of the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_county_council" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan county council">metropolitan county councils</a>) was politically motivated, claiming that it had become a powerful vehicle for opposition to Margaret Thatcher's government. Livingstone and three other Labour councillors resigned in protest, and won back their seats easily in the September 1984 by-elections because the Conservatives refused to stand.<sup id="cite_ref-Rallings_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rallings-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Guardian_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guardian-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_1985" title="Local Government Act 1985">Local Government Act 1985</a>, which abolished the GLC, faced considerable opposition from many quarters but was narrowly passed in Parliament, setting the end of the council for 31 March 1986. It also cancelled the scheduled May 1985 elections. GLC assets were assigned to the <a href="/wiki/London_Residuary_Body" title="London Residuary Body">London Residuary Body</a> for disposal, including County Hall, which was sold to a Japanese entertainment company and now houses the <a href="/wiki/London_Aquarium" class="mw-redirect" title="London Aquarium">London Aquarium</a> and the <a href="/wiki/London_Dungeon" title="London Dungeon">London Dungeon</a>, amongst other things.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Inner_London_Education_Authority" title="Inner London Education Authority">Inner London Education Authority</a> (ILEA) continued in existence for a few years, and direct elections to it were held, but ILEA was finally also disbanded in 1990, with the Inner London boroughs assuming control over education as the outer boroughs had done on their creation in 1965.<sup id="cite_ref-ilea_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ilea-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Replacement">Replacement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_London_Council&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Replacement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GLC_coat_of_arms_on_fire_station_on_Albert_Embankment_in_2022.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/GLC_coat_of_arms_on_fire_station_on_Albert_Embankment_in_2022.jpg/230px-GLC_coat_of_arms_on_fire_station_on_Albert_Embankment_in_2022.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="307" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/GLC_coat_of_arms_on_fire_station_on_Albert_Embankment_in_2022.jpg/345px-GLC_coat_of_arms_on_fire_station_on_Albert_Embankment_in_2022.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/GLC_coat_of_arms_on_fire_station_on_Albert_Embankment_in_2022.jpg/460px-GLC_coat_of_arms_on_fire_station_on_Albert_Embankment_in_2022.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>GLC coat of arms on old fire station on <a href="/wiki/Albert_Embankment" title="Albert Embankment">Albert Embankment</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lambeth" title="Lambeth">Lambeth</a>, as seen in 2022</figcaption></figure> <p>Most of the powers of the GLC were devolved to the London boroughs. Some powers, such as the fire service, were taken over by <a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_England#Joint_arrangements" title="Local government in England">joint boards</a> made up of councillors appointed by the boroughs – see <a href="/wiki/Waste_authorities_in_Greater_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Waste authorities in Greater London">waste authorities in Greater London</a> for an example. In total, around 100 organisations were responsible for service delivery in Greater London.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Tony Blair</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a> government was elected in <a href="/wiki/1997_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1997 United Kingdom general election">1997</a>, and was committed to bringing back London-wide government. In 1998 a referendum was held on the establishment of a new London authority and elected mayor, which was approved by a two to one margin.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The new <a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Authority" title="Greater London Authority">Greater London Authority</a> (GLA) was established in 2000 and was effectively a scaled down version of the GLC.<sup id="cite_ref-Barratt_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barratt-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The GLA has a very different structure to the GLC, consisting of a directly elected <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_London" title="Mayor of London">Mayor of London</a> and a <a href="/wiki/London_Assembly" title="London Assembly">London Assembly</a>. The Mayor of London elections were won by the same Ken Livingstone, who began his victory speech with the words: "As I was saying before I was so rudely interrupted 14 years ago ...".<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Barratt_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barratt-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2020, Labour's <a href="/wiki/Tom_Copley" title="Tom Copley">Tom Copley</a>, supported by the Conservative's <a href="/wiki/Tony_Arbour" title="Tony Arbour">Tony Arbour</a>, both members of the London Assembly, called for the <a href="/wiki/Symbols_of_Greater_London#Greater_London_Council" title="Symbols of Greater London">GLC's coat of arms</a> to be adopted by the GLA but this has not materialised.<sup id="cite_ref-SE1_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SE1-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the abolition of the GLC in 1986 the <a href="/wiki/London_Fire_Brigade" title="London Fire Brigade">London Fire Brigade</a> has continued to use the GLC coat of arms.<sup id="cite_ref-SE1_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SE1-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The archives of the Greater London Council are held at <a href="/wiki/London_Metropolitan_Archives" class="mw-redirect" title="London Metropolitan Archives">London Metropolitan Archives</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Leaders_of_the_GLC">Leaders of the GLC</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_London_Council&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Leaders of the GLC"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Number </th> <th>Image </th> <th>Leader </th> <th>Term </th> <th colspan="2">Party </th> <th>Seat </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:No_image.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/75px-No_image.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/113px-No_image.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/150px-No_image.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span> </td> <td>Sir <a href="/wiki/Bill_Fiske" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill Fiske">Bill Fiske</a><br />(1905–1975) </td> <td>1964–1967 </td> <td style="background-color: #E4003B"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Labour Party (United Kingdom)">Labour</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Havering_(electoral_division)" title="Havering (electoral division)">Havering</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Desmond_Plummer_1970.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/72/Desmond_Plummer_1970.jpg/75px-Desmond_Plummer_1970.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/72/Desmond_Plummer_1970.jpg/113px-Desmond_Plummer_1970.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/72/Desmond_Plummer_1970.jpg/150px-Desmond_Plummer_1970.jpg 2x" data-file-width="279" data-file-height="356" /></a></span> </td> <td>Sir <a href="/wiki/Desmond_Plummer" title="Desmond Plummer">Desmond Plummer</a><br />(1914–2009) </td> <td>1967–1973 </td> <td style="background-color: #0087DC"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservative Party (United Kingdom)">Conservative</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Westminster_and_the_City_of_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Westminster and the City of London">Westminster and the City of London</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:No_image.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/75px-No_image.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/113px-No_image.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/150px-No_image.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span> </td> <td>Sir <a href="/wiki/Reg_Goodwin" title="Reg Goodwin">Reg Goodwin</a><br />(1908–1986) </td> <td>1973–1977 </td> <td style="background-color: #E4003B"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Labour Party (United Kingdom)">Labour</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bermondsey_(electoral_division)" title="Bermondsey (electoral division)">Bermondsey</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td> </td> <td>Sir <a href="/wiki/Horace_Cutler" title="Horace Cutler">Horace Cutler</a><br />(1912–1997) </td> <td>1977–1981 </td> <td style="background-color: #0087DC"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservative Party (United Kingdom)">Conservative</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Harrow_West_(electoral_division)" title="Harrow West (electoral division)">Harrow West</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ken_Livingstone_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_Davos_2008_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Ken_Livingstone_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_Davos_2008_%28cropped%29.jpg/75px-Ken_Livingstone_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_Davos_2008_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Ken_Livingstone_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_Davos_2008_%28cropped%29.jpg/113px-Ken_Livingstone_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_Davos_2008_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Ken_Livingstone_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_Davos_2008_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Ken_Livingstone_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_Davos_2008_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2504" data-file-height="2429" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ken_Livingstone" title="Ken Livingstone">Ken Livingstone</a><br />(born 1945) </td> <td>1981–1986 </td> <td style="background-color: #E4003B"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Labour Party (United Kingdom)">Labour</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Paddington_(electoral_division)" title="Paddington (electoral division)">Paddington</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Ken Livingstone resigned on 2 August 1984, triggering the <a href="/wiki/1984_Paddington_by-election" class="mw-redirect" title="1984 Paddington by-election">1984 Paddington by-election</a>. He was re-elected on 20 September 1984. During this time Ken Livingstone was not a member and <a href="/wiki/John_Wilson_(London_politician)" title="John Wilson (London politician)">John Wilson</a> (Labour, <a href="/wiki/Newham_North_East_(electoral_division)" title="Newham North East (electoral division)">Newham North East</a>) acted as leader of the council. </p> <dl><dt>Timeline</dt></dl> <div class="timeline-wrapper"><map name="timeline_mko3c3dk35yazwvt0cq0to0trumlwc2"><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Ken_Livingstone" coords="660,123,771,147" title="Ken Livingstone" alt="Ken Livingstone" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/John_Wilson_(London_politician)" coords="615,105,693,129" title="John Wilson (London politician)" alt="John Wilson (London politician)" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Ken_Livingstone" coords="610,88,722,112" title="Ken Livingstone" alt="Ken Livingstone" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Horace_Cutler" coords="516,70,594,94" title="Horace Cutler" alt="Horace Cutler" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Reg_Goodwin" coords="394,53,479,77" title="Reg Goodwin" alt="Reg Goodwin" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Desmond_Plummer" coords="275,35,360,59" title="Desmond Plummer" alt="Desmond Plummer" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Bill_Fiske%2C_Baron_Fiske" coords="98,18,170,42" title="Bill Fiske, Baron Fiske" alt="Bill Fiske, Baron Fiske" /></map><img usemap="#timeline_mko3c3dk35yazwvt0cq0to0trumlwc2" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/timeline/mko3c3dk35yazwvt0cq0to0trumlwc2.png" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_London_Council&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Prior to the establishment of the Greater London Authority, the Greater London Council was succeeded by various local authorities of London, including – <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inner_London_Education_Authority" title="Inner London Education Authority">Inner London Education Authority</a></li> <li>London Boroughs Grants Committee</li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Fire_and_Civil_Defence_Authority" title="London Fire and Civil Defence Authority">London Fire and Civil Defence Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Planning_Advisory_Committee" title="London Planning Advisory Committee">London Planning Advisory Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Regional_Transport" title="London Regional Transport">London Regional Transport</a></li> <li>London Research Centre</li></ul> </span></li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_London_Council&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Greater_London_Council" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Greater London Council">Greater London Council</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_local_government_in_London" title="History of local government in London">History of local government in London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_electoral_divisions_in_Greater_London" title="List of electoral divisions in Greater London">List of electoral divisions in Greater London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Greater_London_Council_committee_chairs" title="List of Greater London Council committee chairs">List of Greater London Council committee chairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Greater_London_Council" title="Members of the Greater London Council">Members of the Greater London Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Council_Staff_Association" title="Greater London Council Staff Association">Greater London Council Staff Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Area_War_Risk_Study" title="Greater London Area War Risk Study">Greater London Area War Risk Study</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OXO_Tower" class="mw-redirect" title="OXO Tower">OXO Tower</a> – controversially sold by the GLC for <a href="/wiki/Pound_Sterling" class="mw-redirect" title="Pound Sterling">£</a>750,000 to <a href="/wiki/Coin_Street_Community_Builders" title="Coin Street Community Builders">Coin Street Community Builders</a> in 1984</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GLC:_The_Carnage_Continues..." title="GLC: The Carnage Continues...">GLC: The Carnage Continues...</a> – satire of the GLC politics by <a href="/wiki/The_Comic_Strip" title="The Comic Strip">The Comic Strip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_Rights_Working_Party" title="Gay Rights Working Party">Gay Rights Working Party</a> – part of the Greater London Council</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_London_Council&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFNoble2022" class="citation news cs1">Noble, Will (25 November 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://londonist.com/london/opinion/county-hall-london-100-years-old">"Happy 100th Birthday To County Hall - London's Most Flexible Building"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Londonist" class="mw-redirect" title="Londonist">Londonist</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Inner+London+Education+Authority&rft.pub=AIM25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faim25.com%2Fcgi-bin%2Fvcdf%2Fdetail%3Fcoll_id%3D12839%26inst_id%3D118%26nv1%3Dsearch%26nv2%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+London+Council" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Greater London Development Plan: Report of the panel of inquiry</i>. <a href="/wiki/HMSO" class="mw-redirect" title="HMSO">HMSO</a>. 1973. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0117506168" title="Special:BookSources/0117506168"><bdi>0117506168</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Greater+London+Development+Plan%3A+Report+of+the+panel+of+inquiry&rft.pub=HMSO&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=0117506168&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+London+Council" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coventgardenmemories.org.uk/category_id__47_path__0p27p.aspx">"The Battle for Covent Garden"</a>. 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template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Greater_London_Council" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Greater London Council"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Greater_London_Council238" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Greater London Council</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Council_elections" title="Greater London Council elections">Elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1964_Greater_London_Council_election" title="1964 Greater London Council election">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1967_Greater_London_Council_election" title="1967 Greater London Council election">1967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_Greater_London_Council_election" title="1970 Greater London Council election">1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Greater_London_Council_election" title="1973 Greater London Council election">1973</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_Greater_London_Council_election" title="1977 Greater London Council election">1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_Greater_London_Council_election" title="1981 Greater London Council election">1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Greater_London_Council_by-elections" title="List of Greater London Council by-elections">By-elections</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chairmen_of_the_Greater_London_Council" title="List of chairmen of the Greater London Council">Chairmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Greater_London_Council_committee_chairs" title="List of Greater London Council committee chairs">Committee chairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Greater_London_Council" title="Members of the Greater London Council">Members</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Leaderships</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_London_Council_leadership_of_Bill_Fiske&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greater London Council leadership of Bill Fiske (page does not exist)">Bill Fiske</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_London_Council_leadership_of_Desmond_Plummer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greater London Council leadership of Desmond Plummer (page does not exist)">Desmond Plummer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_London_Council_leadership_of_Reg_Goodwin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greater London Council leadership of Reg Goodwin (page does not exist)">Reg Goodwin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_London_Council_leadership_of_Horace_Cutler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greater London Council leadership of Horace Cutler (page does not exist)">Horace Cutler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Council_leadership_of_Ken_Livingstone" title="Greater London Council leadership of Ken Livingstone">Ken Livingstone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_electoral_divisions_in_Greater_London" title="List of electoral divisions in Greater London">Electoral divisions</a> (1965–1973)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barking_(electoral_division)" title="Barking (electoral division)">Barking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnet_(electoral_division)" title="Barnet (electoral division)">Barnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bexley_(electoral_division)" title="Bexley (electoral division)">Bexley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brent_(electoral_division)" title="Brent (electoral division)">Brent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bromley_(electoral_division)" title="Bromley (electoral division)">Bromley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camden_(electoral_division)" title="Camden (electoral division)">Camden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croydon_(electoral_division)" title="Croydon (electoral division)">Croydon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ealing_(electoral_division)" title="Ealing (electoral division)">Ealing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enfield_(electoral_division)" title="Enfield (electoral division)">Enfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenwich_(electoral_division)" title="Greenwich (electoral division)">Greenwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hackney_(electoral_division)" title="Hackney (electoral division)">Hackney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammersmith_(electoral_division)" title="Hammersmith (electoral division)">Hammersmith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haringey_(electoral_division)" title="Haringey (electoral division)">Haringey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrow_(electoral_division)" title="Harrow (electoral division)">Harrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Havering_(electoral_division)" title="Havering (electoral division)">Havering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillingdon_(electoral_division)" title="Hillingdon (electoral division)">Hillingdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hounslow_(electoral_division)" title="Hounslow (electoral division)">Hounslow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islington_(electoral_division)" title="Islington (electoral division)">Islington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kensington_and_Chelsea_(electoral_division)" title="Kensington and Chelsea (electoral division)">Kensington and Chelsea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingston_upon_Thames_(electoral_division)" title="Kingston upon Thames (electoral division)">Kingston upon Thames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambeth_(electoral_division)" title="Lambeth (electoral division)">Lambeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewisham_(electoral_division)" title="Lewisham (electoral division)">Lewisham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merton_(electoral_division)" title="Merton (electoral division)">Merton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newham_(electoral_division)" title="Newham (electoral division)">Newham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redbridge_(electoral_division)" title="Redbridge (electoral division)">Redbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_upon_Thames_(electoral_division)" title="Richmond upon Thames (electoral division)">Richmond upon Thames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwark_(electoral_division)" title="Southwark (electoral division)">Southwark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutton_(electoral_division)" title="Sutton (electoral division)">Sutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_Hamlets_(electoral_division)" title="Tower Hamlets (electoral division)">Tower Hamlets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waltham_Forest_(electoral_division)" title="Waltham Forest (electoral division)">Waltham Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wandsworth_(electoral_division)" title="Wandsworth (electoral division)">Wandsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westminster_and_the_City_of_London_(electoral_division)" title="Westminster and the City of London (electoral division)">Westminster and the City of London</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Electoral divisions (1973–1986)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acton_(electoral_division)" title="Acton (electoral division)">Acton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barking_(electoral_division)" title="Barking (electoral division)">Barking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battersea_North_(electoral_division)" title="Battersea North (electoral division)">Battersea North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battersea_South_(electoral_division)" title="Battersea South (electoral division)">Battersea South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beckenham_(electoral_division)" title="Beckenham (electoral division)">Beckenham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermondsey_(electoral_division)" title="Bermondsey (electoral division)">Bermondsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethnal_Green_and_Bow_(electoral_division)" title="Bethnal Green and Bow (electoral division)">Bethnal Green and Bow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bexleyheath_(electoral_division)" title="Bexleyheath (electoral division)">Bexleyheath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brent_East_(electoral_division)" title="Brent East (electoral division)">Brent East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brent_North_(electoral_division)" title="Brent North (electoral division)">Brent North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brent_South_(electoral_division)" title="Brent South (electoral division)">Brent South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brentford_and_Isleworth_(electoral_division)" title="Brentford and Isleworth (electoral division)">Brentford and Isleworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carshalton_(electoral_division)" title="Carshalton (electoral division)">Carshalton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chelsea_(electoral_division)" title="Chelsea (electoral division)">Chelsea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chingford_(electoral_division)" title="Chingford (electoral division)">Chingford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chipping_Barnet_(electoral_division)" title="Chipping Barnet (electoral division)">Chipping Barnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chislehurst_(electoral_division)" title="Chislehurst (electoral division)">Chislehurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_London_and_Westminster_South_(electoral_division)" title="City of London and Westminster South (electoral division)">City of London and Westminster South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croydon_Central_(electoral_division)" title="Croydon Central (electoral division)">Croydon Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croydon_North_East_(electoral_division)" title="Croydon North East (electoral division)">Croydon North East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croydon_North_West_(electoral_division)" title="Croydon North West (electoral division)">Croydon North West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croydon_South_(electoral_division)" title="Croydon South (electoral division)">Croydon South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dagenham_(electoral_division)" title="Dagenham (electoral division)">Dagenham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deptford_(electoral_division)" title="Deptford (electoral division)">Deptford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dulwich_(electoral_division)" title="Dulwich (electoral division)">Dulwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ealing_North_(electoral_division)" title="Ealing North (electoral division)">Ealing North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmonton_(electoral_division)" title="Edmonton (electoral division)">Edmonton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enfield_North_(electoral_division)" title="Enfield North (electoral division)">Enfield North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erith_and_Crayford_(electoral_division)" title="Erith and Crayford (electoral division)">Erith and Crayford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feltham_and_Heston_(electoral_division)" title="Feltham and Heston (electoral division)">Feltham and Heston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finchley_(electoral_division)" title="Finchley (electoral division)">Finchley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulham_(electoral_division)" title="Fulham (electoral division)">Fulham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenwich_(electoral_division)" title="Greenwich (electoral division)">Greenwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hackney_Central_(electoral_division)" title="Hackney Central (electoral division)">Hackney Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hackney_North_and_Stoke_Newington_(electoral_division)" title="Hackney North and Stoke Newington (electoral division)">Hackney North and Stoke Newington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hackney_South_and_Shoreditch_(electoral_division)" title="Hackney South and Shoreditch (electoral division)">Hackney South and Shoreditch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammersmith_North_(electoral_division)" title="Hammersmith North (electoral division)">Hammersmith North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampstead_(electoral_division)" title="Hampstead (electoral division)">Hampstead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrow_Central_(electoral_division)" title="Harrow Central (electoral division)">Harrow Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrow_East_(electoral_division)" title="Harrow East (electoral division)">Harrow East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrow_West_(electoral_division)" title="Harrow West (electoral division)">Harrow West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayes_and_Harlington_(electoral_division)" title="Hayes and Harlington (electoral division)">Hayes and Harlington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hendon_North_(electoral_division)" title="Hendon North (electoral division)">Hendon North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hendon_South_(electoral_division)" title="Hendon South (electoral division)">Hendon South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holborn_and_St_Pancras_South_(electoral_division)" title="Holborn and St Pancras South (electoral division)">Holborn and St Pancras South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hornchurch_(electoral_division)" title="Hornchurch (electoral division)">Hornchurch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hornsey_(electoral_division)" title="Hornsey (electoral division)">Hornsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilford_North_(electoral_division)" title="Ilford North (electoral division)">Ilford North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilford_South_(electoral_division)" title="Ilford South (electoral division)">Ilford South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islington_Central_(electoral_division)" title="Islington Central (electoral division)">Islington Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islington_North_(electoral_division)" title="Islington North (electoral division)">Islington North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islington_South_and_Finsbury_(electoral_division)" title="Islington South and Finsbury (electoral division)">Islington South and Finsbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kensington_(electoral_division)" title="Kensington (electoral division)">Kensington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingston_upon_Thames_(electoral_division)" title="Kingston upon Thames (electoral division)">Kingston upon Thames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambeth_Central_(electoral_division)" title="Lambeth Central (electoral division)">Lambeth Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewisham_East_(electoral_division)" title="Lewisham East (electoral division)">Lewisham East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewisham_West_(electoral_division)" title="Lewisham West (electoral division)">Lewisham West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leyton_(electoral_division)" title="Leyton (electoral division)">Leyton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitcham_and_Morden_(electoral_division)" title="Mitcham and Morden (electoral division)">Mitcham and Morden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newham_North_East_(electoral_division)" title="Newham North East (electoral division)">Newham North East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newham_North_West_(electoral_division)" title="Newham North West (electoral division)">Newham North West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newham_South_(electoral_division)" title="Newham South (electoral division)">Newham South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwood_(electoral_division)" title="Norwood (electoral division)">Norwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orpington_(electoral_division)" title="Orpington (electoral division)">Orpington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paddington_(electoral_division)" title="Paddington (electoral division)">Paddington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peckham_(electoral_division)" title="Peckham (electoral division)">Peckham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putney_(electoral_division)" title="Putney (electoral division)">Putney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravensbourne_(electoral_division)" title="Ravensbourne (electoral division)">Ravensbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_(electoral_division)" title="Richmond (electoral division)">Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romford_(electoral_division)" title="Romford (electoral division)">Romford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruislip-Northwood_(electoral_division)" title="Ruislip-Northwood (electoral division)">Ruislip-Northwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Marylebone_(electoral_division)" title="St Marylebone (electoral division)">St Marylebone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Pancras_North_(electoral_division)" title="St Pancras North (electoral division)">St Pancras North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidcup_(electoral_division)" title="Sidcup (electoral division)">Sidcup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southall_(electoral_division)" title="Southall (electoral division)">Southall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southgate_(electoral_division)" title="Southgate (electoral division)">Southgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stepney_and_Poplar_(electoral_division)" title="Stepney and Poplar (electoral division)">Stepney and Poplar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streatham_(electoral_division)" title="Streatham (electoral division)">Streatham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surbiton_(electoral_division)" title="Surbiton (electoral division)">Surbiton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutton_and_Cheam_(electoral_division)" title="Sutton and Cheam (electoral division)">Sutton and Cheam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tooting_(electoral_division)" title="Tooting (electoral division)">Tooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tottenham_(electoral_division)" title="Tottenham (electoral division)">Tottenham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twickenham_(electoral_division)" title="Twickenham (electoral division)">Twickenham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upminster_(electoral_division)" title="Upminster (electoral division)">Upminster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uxbridge_(electoral_division)" title="Uxbridge (electoral division)">Uxbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vauxhall_(electoral_division)" title="Vauxhall (electoral division)">Vauxhall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walthamstow_(electoral_division)" title="Walthamstow (electoral division)">Walthamstow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanstead_and_Woodford_(electoral_division)" title="Wanstead and Woodford (electoral division)">Wanstead and Woodford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wimbledon_(electoral_division)" title="Wimbledon (electoral division)">Wimbledon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood_Green_(electoral_division)" title="Wood Green (electoral division)">Wood Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woolwich_East_(electoral_division)" title="Woolwich East (electoral division)">Woolwich East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woolwich_West_(electoral_division)" title="Woolwich West (electoral division)">Woolwich West</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Relevant legislation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/London_Government_Act_1963" title="London Government Act 1963">London Government Act 1963</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Cab_Act_1968" class="mw-redirect" title="London Cab Act 1968">London Cab Act 1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_London_Act_1970" class="mw-redirect" title="Port of London Act 1970">Port of London Act 1970</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_London_Council_(General_Powers)_Act_1972&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greater London Council (General Powers) Act 1972 (page does not exist)">Greater London Council (General Powers) Act 1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Cab_Act_1973" class="mw-redirect" title="London Cab Act 1973">London Cab Act 1973</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_London_Council_(General_Powers)_Act_1974&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greater London Council (General Powers) Act 1974 (page does not exist)">Greater London Council (General Powers) Act 1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Regional_Transport_Act_1984" title="London Regional Transport Act 1984">London Regional Transport Act 1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Regional_Transport_(Amendment)_Act_1985" class="mw-redirect" title="London Regional Transport (Amendment) Act 1985">London Regional Transport (Amendment) Act 1985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_1985" title="Local Government Act 1985">Local Government Act 1985</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/County_Hall,_London" title="County Hall, London">County Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inner_London_Education_Authority" title="Inner London Education Authority">Inner London Education Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Transport_Executive_(GLC)" title="London Transport Executive (GLC)">London Transport Executive</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="History_of_London282" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:London_history" title="Template:London history"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:London_history" title="Template talk:London history"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:London_history" title="Special:EditPage/Template:London history"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="History_of_London282" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_London" title="History of London">History of London</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_London" title="Timeline of London">Evolution</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Londinium" title="Londinium">Londinium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_London" title="Anglo-Saxon London">Lundenwic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_London" title="City of London">City of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Westminster" title="City of Westminster">City of Westminster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middlesex" title="Middlesex">Middlesex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_London" title="County of London">County of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_London" title="Greater London">Greater London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_London" title="Timeline of London">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Periods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Londinium" title="Londinium">Roman London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_London" title="Anglo-Saxon London">Anglo-Saxon London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_and_Medieval_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Norman and Medieval London">Norman and Medieval London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tudor_London" title="Tudor London">Tudor London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuart_London" title="Stuart London">Stuart London</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/18th-century_London" title="18th-century London">18th-century London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19th-century_London" title="19th-century London">19th-century London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_London_(1900%E2%80%931939)" title="History of London (1900–1939)">1900–1939</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_in_World_War_II" title="London in World War II">World War II</a> (<a href="/wiki/The_Blitz" title="The Blitz">The Blitz</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_London#1945–2000" title="History of London">1945–2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_London#21st_century" title="History of London">21st century</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_British_monarch" title="Coronation of the British monarch">Coronations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peasants%27_Revolt" title="Peasants' Revolt">Peasants' Revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Death_in_England" title="Black Death in England">Black Death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Plague_of_London" title="Great Plague of London">Great Plague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Fire_of_London" title="Great Fire of London">Great Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1854_Broad_Street_cholera_outbreak" title="1854 Broad Street cholera outbreak">1854 cholera outbreak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Stink" title="Great Stink">Great Stink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Exhibition" class="mw-redirect" title="The Great Exhibition">Great Exhibition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco-British_Exhibition" title="Franco-British Exhibition">1908 Franco-British Exhibition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cable_Street" title="Battle of Cable Street">The Battle of Cable Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Festival_of_Britain" title="Festival of Britain">Festival of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Smog_of_London" title="Great Smog of London">Great Smog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdication_of_Edward_VIII" title="Abdication of Edward VIII">Abdication of Edward VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swinging_Sixties" title="Swinging Sixties">Swinging London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Plan" title="London Plan">London Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_FIFA_World_Cup_final" title="1966 FIFA World Cup final">1966 FIFA World Cup final</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyde_Park_and_Regent%27s_Park_bombings" title="Hyde Park and Regent's Park bombings">Hyde Park and Regent's Park bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15_February_2003_anti-war_protests#London" title="15 February 2003 anti-war protests">Anti-war protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7_July_2005_London_bombings" title="7 July 2005 London bombings">7/7 bombings</a></li> <li>Olympic Games <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1908_Summer_Olympics" title="1908 Summer Olympics">1908</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Summer_Olympics" title="1948 Summer Olympics">1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Summer_Olympics" title="2012 Summer Olympics">2012</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Summer_Paralympics" title="2012 Summer Paralympics">2012 Summer Paralympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenfell_Tower_fire" title="Grenfell Tower fire">Grenfell Tower fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_London" title="COVID-19 pandemic in London">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_local_government_in_London" title="History of local government in London">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Historic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Board_of_Works" title="Metropolitan Board of Works">Metropolitan Board of Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_County_Council" title="London County Council">London County Council</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Greater London Council</a></li></ul></li> <li>Current <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Authority" title="Greater London Authority">Greater London Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Assembly" title="London Assembly">London Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_London" title="Mayor of London">Mayor of London</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_London" title="List of political parties in London">Political parties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/London_Labour_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="London Labour Party">Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Conservatives" title="London Conservatives">Conservatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Liberal_Democrats" title="London Liberal Democrats">Liberal Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Green_Party" title="London Green Party">London Green Party</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_independence" title="London independence">London independence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bow_Street_Runners" title="Bow Street Runners">Bow Street Runners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Metropolitan_Police" title="History of the Metropolitan Police">Metropolitan Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Ambulance_Service" title="London Ambulance Service">London Ambulance Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Fire_Brigade" title="London Fire Brigade">London Fire Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_London_Authority" title="Port of London Authority">Port of London Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_sewer_system" title="London sewer system">London sewer system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_London_Underground" title="History of the London Underground">London Underground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Metropolitan_Archives" class="mw-redirect" title="London Metropolitan Archives">London Metropolitan Archives</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/City_of_London" title="City of London">City of London</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/City_of_London_Corporation" title="City of London Corporation">City of London Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Mayor_of_London" title="Lord Mayor of London">Lord Mayor of the City of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wards_of_the_City_of_London" title="Wards of the City of London">Wards of the City of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guildhall,_London" title="Guildhall, London">Guildhall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livery_company" title="Livery company">Livery Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Mayor%27s_Show" title="Lord Mayor's Show">Lord Mayor's Show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_London_Police" title="City of London Police">City of London Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_England" title="Bank of England">Bank of England</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Structures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St_Paul%27s_Cathedral" title="St Paul's Cathedral">St Paul's Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_of_London" title="Tower of London">Tower of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Whitehall" title="Palace of Whitehall">Palace of Whitehall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westminster_Hall" title="Westminster Hall">Westminster Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Bridge" title="London Bridge">London Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_Bridge" title="Tower Bridge">Tower Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Ben" title="Big Ben">Big Ben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monument_to_the_Great_Fire_of_London" title="Monument to the Great Fire of London">The Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortifications_of_London" title="Fortifications of London">Fortifications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scheduled_monuments_in_Greater_London" title="Scheduled monuments in Greater London">Scheduled monuments</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_London" title="Category:History of London">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Governance_of_Greater_London175" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Governance_of_Greater_London" title="Template:Governance of Greater London"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Governance_of_Greater_London" title="Template talk:Governance of Greater London"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Governance_of_Greater_London" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Governance of Greater London"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Governance_of_Greater_London175" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Governance of <a href="/wiki/Greater_London" title="Greater London">Greater London</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/City_of_London" title="City of London">City of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_London" title="Greater London">Greater London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Authority" title="Greater London Authority">Greater London Authority</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/London_Assembly" title="London Assembly">London Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_London" title="Mayor of London">Mayor of London</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ceremonial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>City of London <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Mayor_of_London" title="Lord Mayor of London">Lord Mayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_the_City_of_London" title="Lord Lieutenant of the City of London">Lord Lieutenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheriffs_of_the_City_of_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheriffs of the City of London">Sheriffs</a></li></ul></li> <li>Greater London <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lord-Lieutenant_of_Greater_London" title="Lord-Lieutenant of Greater London">Lord Lieutenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Sheriff_of_Greater_London" title="High Sheriff of Greater London">High Sheriff</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/London_Councils" title="London Councils">London Councils</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/London_boroughs" title="London boroughs">Boroughs</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_London_boroughs" title="List of London boroughs">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Barking_and_Dagenham" title="London Borough of Barking and Dagenham">Barking and Dagenham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Barnet" title="London Borough of Barnet">Barnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Bexley" title="London Borough of Bexley">Bexley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Brent" title="London Borough of Brent">Brent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Bromley" title="London Borough of Bromley">Bromley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Camden" title="London Borough of Camden">Camden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Croydon" title="London Borough of Croydon">Croydon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Ealing" title="London Borough of Ealing">Ealing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Enfield" title="London Borough of Enfield">Enfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Borough_of_Greenwich" title="Royal Borough of Greenwich">Greenwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Hackney" title="London Borough of Hackney">Hackney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Hammersmith_and_Fulham" title="London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham">Hammersmith and Fulham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Haringey" title="London Borough of Haringey">Haringey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Harrow" title="London Borough of Harrow">Harrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Havering" title="London Borough of Havering">Havering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Hillingdon" title="London Borough of Hillingdon">Hillingdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Hounslow" title="London Borough of Hounslow">Hounslow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Islington" title="London Borough of Islington">Islington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Borough_of_Kensington_and_Chelsea" title="Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea">Kensington and Chelsea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Borough_of_Kingston_upon_Thames" title="Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames">Kingston upon Thames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Lambeth" title="London Borough of Lambeth">Lambeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Lewisham" title="London Borough of Lewisham">Lewisham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Merton" title="London Borough of Merton">Merton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Newham" title="London Borough of Newham">Newham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Redbridge" title="London Borough of Redbridge">Redbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Richmond_upon_Thames" title="London Borough of Richmond upon Thames">Richmond upon Thames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Southwark" title="London Borough of Southwark">Southwark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Sutton" title="London Borough of Sutton">Sutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets" title="London Borough of Tower Hamlets">Tower Hamlets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Waltham_Forest" title="London Borough of Waltham Forest">Waltham Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Wandsworth" title="London Borough of Wandsworth">Wandsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Westminster" title="City of Westminster">Westminster</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corporation_of_the_City_of_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Corporation of the City of London">City of London</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inner_Temple" title="Inner Temple">Inner Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Temple" title="Middle Temple">Middle Temple</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_local_government_in_London" title="History of local government in London">Historical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Board_of_Works" title="Metropolitan Board of Works">Metropolitan Board of Works</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(MBW) 1855–1889</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_County_Council" title="London County Council">London County Council</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(LCC) 1889–1965</span></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Greater London Council</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(GLC) 1965–1986</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_London_government" title="List of heads of London government">Leaders</a></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476542#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2668" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476542#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2668" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476542#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000113854409">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/134863405">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4255818-9">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80046339">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11986141t">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11986141t">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00697351">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Greater London Council"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/UFIV070607">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35146611">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Greater London Council"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0083722&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="London Research Centre"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0083724&CON_LNG=ENG">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/1596697">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90105946">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=494/41306">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007343198605171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058521234406706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA01610200?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500211926">ULAN</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027922723">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" 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