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<span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Local authorities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local_authorities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regional_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regional_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Regional government</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Regional_government-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Regional government subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Regional_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Greater_London_Authority" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Greater_London_Authority"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Greater London Authority</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Greater_London_Authority-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Combined_authorities_and_combined_county_authorities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Combined_authorities_and_combined_county_authorities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Combined authorities and combined county authorities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Combined_authorities_and_combined_county_authorities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Table_of_authority_types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Table_of_authority_types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Table of authority types</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Table_of_authority_types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li 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<div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Administrative hierarchy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_hierarchy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header 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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Local government in England</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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For the political make-up of local authorities, see <a href="/wiki/Political_make-up_of_local_councils_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Political make-up of local councils in the United Kingdom">Political make-up of local councils in the United Kingdom</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Joint-board" redirects here. For the U.S. military's Joint Army and Navy Board, also known as the "Joint Board", see <a href="/wiki/Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff" title="Joint Chiefs of Staff">Joint Chiefs of Staff</a>.</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:England_Local_Government_Map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/England_Local_Government_Map.png/300px-England_Local_Government_Map.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="377" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/England_Local_Government_Map.png/450px-England_Local_Government_Map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/England_Local_Government_Map.png/600px-England_Local_Government_Map.png 2x" data-file-width="5250" data-file-height="6600" /></a><figcaption>The local authorities of England: unitary authorities (pink), metropolitan boroughs (purple), non-metropolitan counties and districts (green), London boroughs 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.sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">This article is part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Politics_of_England" title="Category:Politics of England">a series</a> within the<br /><a href="/wiki/Category:Politics_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Politics of the United Kingdom">Politics of the United Kingdom</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><div class="adr"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_England" title="Politics of England">Politics of England</a></div></th></tr><tr><th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_arms_of_England.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Royal_arms_of_England.svg/130px-Royal_arms_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Royal_arms_of_England.svg/195px-Royal_arms_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Royal_arms_of_England.svg/260px-Royal_arms_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="478" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><th style="border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">The Crown</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">Monarch</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_British_throne" title="Succession to the British throne">Heir Apparent</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/William,_Prince_of_Wales" title="William, Prince of Wales">William, Prince of Wales</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Republicanism in the United Kingdom">Republicanism in the United Kingdom</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Governance_of_England" title="Governance of England">Governance</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/King-in-Council" title="King-in-Council">King-in-Council</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Keir_Starmer" title="Keir Starmer">Keir Starmer</a> (<a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">L</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Deputy Prime Minister</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Angela_Rayner" title="Angela Rayner">Angela Rayner</a> (<a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">L</a>)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Legislative</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/King-in-Parliament" title="King-in-Parliament">King-in-Parliament</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Speaker" title="Lord Speaker">Lord Speaker</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_McFall,_Baron_McFall_of_Alcluith" title="John McFall, Baron McFall of Alcluith">The Lord McFall of Alcluith</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reform_of_the_House_of_Lords" title="Reform of the House of Lords">Reform of the House of Lords</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_House_of_Commons_(United_Kingdom)" title="Speaker of the House of Commons (United Kingdom)">Speaker</a>: <a href="/wiki/Lindsay_Hoyle" title="Lindsay Hoyle">Sir Lindsay Hoyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MPs_for_constituencies_in_England_(2024%E2%80%93present)" title="List of MPs for constituencies in England (2024–present)">MPs for England Constituencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Affairs_Committee" title="Regional Affairs Committee">Regional Affairs Committee</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed hlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_England" title="Elections in England">Elections</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">UK General Elections in England</div> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="First Parliament of the United Kingdom">1801 co-option</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1802_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1802 United Kingdom general election">1802</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1806_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1806 United Kingdom general election">1806</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1807_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1807 United Kingdom general election">1807</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1812_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1812 United Kingdom general election">1812</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1818_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1818 United Kingdom general election">1818</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1820_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1820 United Kingdom general election">1820</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1826_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1826 United Kingdom general election">1826</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1830_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1830 United Kingdom general election">1830</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1831_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1831 United Kingdom general election">1831</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1832_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1832 United Kingdom general election">1832</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1835_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1835 United Kingdom general election">1835</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1837_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1837 United Kingdom general election">1837</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1841_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1841 United Kingdom general election">1841</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1847_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1847 United Kingdom general election">1847</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1852_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1852 United Kingdom general election">1852</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1857_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1857 United Kingdom general election">1857</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1859_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1859 United Kingdom general election">1859</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1865_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1865 United Kingdom general election">1865</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1868 United Kingdom general election">1868</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1874_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1874 United Kingdom general election">1874</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1880_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1880 United Kingdom general election">1880</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1885_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1885 United Kingdom general election">1885</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1886_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1886 United Kingdom general election">1886</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1892_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1892 United Kingdom general election">1892</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1895_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1895 United Kingdom general election">1895</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1900 United Kingdom general election">1900</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1906_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1906 United Kingdom general election">1906</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_1910_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="January 1910 United Kingdom general election">1910 (Jan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1910_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="December 1910 United Kingdom general election">1910 (Dec)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1918_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1918 United Kingdom general election">1918</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1922_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1922 United Kingdom general election">1922</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1923_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1923 United Kingdom general election">1923</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1924_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1924 United Kingdom general election">1924</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1929_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1929 United Kingdom general election">1929</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1931 United Kingdom general election">1931</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1935_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1935 United Kingdom general election">1935</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1945_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1945 United Kingdom general election">1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1950_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1950 United Kingdom general election">1950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1951_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1951 United Kingdom general election">1951</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1955_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1955 United Kingdom general election">1955</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1959 United Kingdom general election">1959</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1964 United Kingdom general election">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1966 United Kingdom general election">1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1970 United Kingdom general election">1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1974_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="February 1974 United Kingdom general election">1974 (Feb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1974_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="October 1974 United Kingdom general election">1974 (Oct)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_England" title="1979 United Kingdom general election in England">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_England" title="1983 United Kingdom general election in England">1983</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_England" title="1987 United Kingdom general election in England">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_England" title="1992 United Kingdom general election in England">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_England" title="1997 United Kingdom general election in England">1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_England" title="2001 United Kingdom general election in England">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_England" title="2005 United Kingdom general election in England">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_England" title="2010 United Kingdom general election in England">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_England" title="2015 United Kingdom general election in England">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_England" title="2017 United Kingdom general election in England">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_England" title="2019 United Kingdom general election in England">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_England" title="2024 United Kingdom general election in England">2024</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_England_and_Wales" title="Judiciary of England and Wales">Judiciary</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/King-on-the-Bench" class="mw-redirect" title="King-on-the-Bench">King-on-the-Bench</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Supreme Court of the United Kingdom">Supreme Court</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom">President</a>: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Reed,_Baron_Reed_of_Allermuir" title="Robert Reed, Baron Reed of Allermuir">The Lord Reed of Allermuir</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Justice" title="High Court of Justice">High Court of Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courts_of_England_and_Wales" title="Courts of England and Wales">Courts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_law" title="English law">English Law</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_England" title="Regions of England">Regions</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_of_England" title="East of England">East of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_London" title="Greater London">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Midlands" title="East Midlands">East Midlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_(region)" title="West Midlands (region)">West Midlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_East_England" title="North East England">North East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_West_England" title="North West England">North West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_East_England" title="South East England">South East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_West_England" title="South West England">South West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_and_the_Humber" title="Yorkshire and the Humber">Yorkshire and the Humber</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Administration</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_local_government_in_England" title="History of local government in England">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_England" title="Subdivisions of England">Subdivisions</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_counties_of_England" title="Historic counties of England">Historic Counties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_counties_of_England" title="Ceremonial counties of England">Ceremonial Counties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties of England">Metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_county" title="Metropolitan county">Metropolitan county</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-metropolitan_county" title="Non-metropolitan county">Non-metropolitan county</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_London" title="Greater London">Greater London</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitary_authorities_of_England" title="Unitary authorities of England">Unitary authorities</a> (<a href="/wiki/Template:Unitary_authorities_of_England" title="Template:Unitary authorities of England">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_England" title="Districts of England">Districts</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_English_districts" title="List of English districts">list</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_borough" title="Metropolitan borough">Metropolitan Borough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-metropolitan_district" title="Non-metropolitan district">Non-metropolitan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough" class="mw-redirect" title="London Borough">London Borough</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combined_authorities_and_combined_county_authorities" title="Combined authorities and combined county authorities">Combined authorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayoral_Council_for_England" title="Mayoral Council for England">Mayoral Council for England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_parishes_in_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil parishes in England">Civil parishes</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_civil_parishes_in_England" title="List of civil parishes in England">list</a>)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Politics_of_England" title="Category:Politics of England">Category</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England"><img alt="England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/35px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/46px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:England" title="Portal:England">England portal</a></li></ul> <div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_political_science#Politics_by_region" title="Outline of political science">Other countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_England" title="Template:Politics of England"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_England" title="Template talk:Politics of England"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_England" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of England"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Local government in England</b> broadly consists of three layers: civil parishes, local authorities, and regional authorities. Every part of England is governed by at least one local authority, but parish councils and regional authorities do not exist everywhere. In addition, there are 31 <a href="/wiki/Police_and_crime_commissioner" title="Police and crime commissioner">police and crime commissioners</a>, four <a href="/wiki/Police,_fire_and_crime_commissioner" class="mw-redirect" title="Police, fire and crime commissioner">police, fire and crime commissioners</a>, and ten <a href="/wiki/National_park_authority" title="National park authority">national park authorities</a> with local government responsibilities.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Local government is not standardised across the country, with the last comprehensive reform taking place <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_1972" title="Local Government Act 1972">in 1974</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Civil_parish" title="Civil parish">Civil parishes</a> are the lowest tier of local government, and primarily exist in rural and smaller urban areas. The responsibilities of parish councils are limited and generally consist of providing and maintaining public spaces and facilities. </p><p>Local authorities cover the entirety of England, and are responsible for services such as education, transport, planning applications, and waste collection and disposal. In two-tier areas a <a href="/wiki/Non-metropolitan_county" title="Non-metropolitan county">non-metropolitan county</a> council and two or more <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_England" title="Districts of England">non-metropolitan district</a> councils share responsibility for these services. In single-tier areas a <a href="/wiki/Unitary_authorities_of_England" title="Unitary authorities of England">unitary authority</a>, <a href="/wiki/London_boroughs" title="London boroughs">London borough</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_borough" title="Metropolitan borough">metropolitan borough</a> provides all services. The <a href="/wiki/City_of_London_Corporation" title="City of London Corporation">City of London</a> and <a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_Isles_of_Scilly" title="Council of the Isles of Scilly">Isles of Scilly</a> have unique local authorities. </p><p>The London boroughs, metropolitan boroughs, and some unitary authorities collaborate through regional authorities. The <a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Authority" title="Greater London Authority">Greater London Authority</a> (GLA) is the regional authority for <a href="/wiki/Greater_London" title="Greater London">Greater London</a>, with responsibility for transport, policing, fire and rescue, development and strategic planning. Combined authorities are <a href="/wiki/Statutory_body" title="Statutory body">statutory bodies</a> which allow two or more local authorities to voluntarily pool responsibilities and negotiate a <a href="/wiki/Devolution_deal" class="mw-redirect" title="Devolution deal">devolution deal</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Government of the United Kingdom">UK Government</a> for the area they cover, giving it powers beyond those typically held by a local authority. Ten currently exist, with more planned.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="What does "more planned" mean? As of when? Are they still planned? (January 2024)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Parish_councils">Parish councils</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Local_government_in_England&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Parish councils"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Parish_council_(England)" title="Parish council (England)">Parish council (England)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Parishes_in_England_map,_2021.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Parishes_in_England_map%2C_2021.svg/220px-Parishes_in_England_map%2C_2021.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Parishes_in_England_map%2C_2021.svg/330px-Parishes_in_England_map%2C_2021.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Parishes_in_England_map%2C_2021.svg/440px-Parishes_in_England_map%2C_2021.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1152" data-file-height="1152" /></a><figcaption>The parishes of England, as of December 2021.</figcaption></figure> <p>Parish councils form the lowest tier of local government and govern <a href="/wiki/Civil_parish" title="Civil parish">civil parishes</a>. They may also be called a 'community council', 'neighbourhood council', 'village council', 'town council' or (if the parish holds city status) 'city council', but these names are stylistic and do not change their responsibilities.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of December 2021 there are 10,475 parishes in England, but they do not cover the whole of the country as many urban parishes were abolished in 1974.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The only specific statutory function of parish councils, which they must do, is establishing <a href="/wiki/Allotment_(gardening)" title="Allotment (gardening)">allotments</a>. However, there are a number of other functions given by powers in the relevant legislation, which they can do, such as providing <a href="/wiki/Waste_container" title="Waste container">litter bins</a> and building <a href="/wiki/Bus_stop" title="Bus stop">bus shelters</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their statutory functions are few, but they may provide other services with the agreement of the relevant local authorities,<sup id="cite_ref-:2_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and under the <a href="/wiki/Localism_Act_2011" title="Localism Act 2011">Localism Act 2011</a> eligible parish councils can be granted a "<a href="/wiki/Everything_which_is_not_forbidden_is_allowed" title="Everything which is not forbidden is allowed">general power of competence</a>" (GPC) which allows them within certain limits the freedom to do anything an individual can do provided it is not prohibited by other legislation, as opposed to being limited to the powers explicitly granted to them by law.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To be eligible for this a parish council must meet certain conditions of quality.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Civil parishes developed in the nineteenth century and were based on the <a href="/wiki/Parish_(Church_of_England)" title="Parish (Church of England)">Church of England's parishes</a>, which until then had both ecclesiastical and local government functions; parish councils were created by the <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_1894" title="Local Government Act 1894">Local Government Act 1894</a> (<a href="/wiki/56_%26_57_Vict." class="mw-redirect" title="56 & 57 Vict.">56 & 57 Vict.</a> c. 73).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ecclesiastical parishes continue to exist, but neither they nor their <a href="/wiki/Parochial_church_council" title="Parochial church council">parochial church councils</a> have any local government role.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Local_authorities">Local authorities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Local_government_in_England&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Local authorities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:408px;max-width:408px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:English_administrative_divisions_map_2023.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/English_administrative_divisions_map_2023.svg/200px-English_administrative_divisions_map_2023.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/English_administrative_divisions_map_2023.svg/300px-English_administrative_divisions_map_2023.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/English_administrative_divisions_map_2023.svg/400px-English_administrative_divisions_map_2023.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1108" data-file-height="1345" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:English_districts_map_2023.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/English_districts_map_2023.svg/200px-English_districts_map_2023.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/English_districts_map_2023.svg/300px-English_districts_map_2023.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/English_districts_map_2023.svg/400px-English_districts_map_2023.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1108" data-file-height="1345" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">The local authorities of England (in two-tier areas, the county council is pictured first while the district councils are pictured second), as of April 2023.</div></div></div></div> <p>There are 317 local authorities covering the whole of England.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are five main types of local authorities: <a href="/wiki/London_boroughs" title="London boroughs">London borough councils</a>, two-tier <a href="/wiki/Non-metropolitan_county" title="Non-metropolitan county">county</a> and <a href="/wiki/Non-metropolitan_district" title="Non-metropolitan district">district councils</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_borough" title="Metropolitan borough">metropolitan district councils</a> and <a href="/wiki/Unitary_authorities_of_England" title="Unitary authorities of England">unitary authorities</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some local authorities have <a href="/wiki/Borough_status_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Borough status in the United Kingdom">borough</a>, <a href="/wiki/City_status_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="City status in the United Kingdom">city</a> or <a href="/wiki/Royal_Borough" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Borough">royal borough</a> status, but this is purely stylistic.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>All local authorities are made up of <a href="/wiki/Political_make-up_of_local_councils_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Political make-up of local councils in the United Kingdom">councillors</a>, who represent geographical <a href="/wiki/Wards_and_electoral_divisions_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Wards and electoral divisions of the United Kingdom">wards</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are 7,026 wards as of December 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Local authorities run on four year cycles and councillors may be elected all at once, by halves or by thirds;<sup id="cite_ref-:2_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although the Electoral Commission has recommended that all authorities use whole council elections every 4 years.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Local authorities have a choice of <a href="/wiki/Executive_arrangements" title="Executive arrangements">executive arrangements</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_2000" title="Local Government Act 2000">Local Government Act 2000</a>: mayor and cabinet executive, leader and cabinet executive, a committee system or bespoke arrangements approved by the Secretary of State.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of April 2023, just 15 local authorities have <a href="/wiki/Directly_elected_mayors_in_England_and_Wales#Mayoralties_covering_a_single_local_authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Directly elected mayors in England and Wales">directly-elected mayors</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some functions are just the responsibility of the executive of a local authority,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but local authorities must also have at least one <a href="/wiki/Overview_and_Scrutiny" title="Overview and Scrutiny">overview and scrutiny committee</a> to hold the executive to account.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/London_Government_Act_1963" title="London Government Act 1963">London Government Act 1963</a> established 32 London borough councils.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also established the <a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Council" title="Greater London Council">Greater London Council</a>, covering the whole of <a href="/wiki/Greater_London" title="Greater London">Greater London</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but this was later abolished by the <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_1985" title="Local Government Act 1985">Local Government Act 1985</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Greater London also includes the <i>sui generis</i> <a href="/wiki/City_of_London_Corporation" title="City of London Corporation">City of London Corporation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The other <i>sui generis</i> local authorities are the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_Isles_of_Scilly" title="Council of the Isles of Scilly">Council of the Isles of Scilly</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:2_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Middle_Temple" title="Middle Temple">Middle Temple</a> and <a href="/wiki/Inner_Temple" title="Inner Temple">Inner Temple</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Outside Greater London and the <a href="/wiki/Isles_of_Scilly" title="Isles of Scilly">Isles of Scilly</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_1972" title="Local Government Act 1972">Local Government Act 1972</a> divided England into <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_county" title="Metropolitan county">metropolitan</a> and non-metropolitan counties, which would have one county council and multiple district councils each.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That meant that each area would be covered by two tiers of local authorities - both a county council and a district council, which would share local authority functions.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_7-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 2022, 21 non-metropolitan county councils and 164 non-metropolitan district councils remain.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_7-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These are better known as simply county councils and district councils. The Local Government Act 1985 also abolished metropolitan county councils,<sup id="cite_ref-:3_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but there are still 36 metropolitan district councils as of May 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_7-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are also (as of April 2023) 62 unitary authorities.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_7-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These carry out the functions of both county and district councils and have replaced two-tier local government in some areas.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The creation of these first became possible under the <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_1992" class="mw-redirect" title="Local Government Act 1992">Local Government Act 1992</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but now takes place under the <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_and_Public_Involvement_in_Health_Act_2007" title="Local Government and Public Involvement in Health Act 2007">Local Government and Public Involvement in Health Act 2007</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 2023/24 financial year, 33% of budgeted service expenditure across local government as a whole is set to be on <a href="/wiki/Education" title="Education">education</a>, 19% on adult <a href="/wiki/Social_care_in_England" title="Social care in England">social care</a>, 13% on <a href="/wiki/Police_in_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Police in England">police</a>, 11% on children's social care and 24% on all other services.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Notably, <a href="/wiki/Cornwall_Council" title="Cornwall Council">Cornwall Council</a> has been subject to a devolution deal, which are usually reserved to combined authorities for additional functions and funding.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> And, like some combined authorities and parish councils, local authorities do have a <a href="/wiki/General_power_of_competence" class="mw-redirect" title="General power of competence">general power of competence</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Separate to combined authorities, two or more local authorities can also work together through joint boards (for legally-required services: fire, public transport and waste disposal), joint committees (voluntarily) or through contracting out and agency arrangements.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Regional_government">Regional government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Local_government_in_England&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Regional government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Combined_authorities_and_the_Greater_London_Authority_in_England_map,_2021.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Combined_authorities_and_the_Greater_London_Authority_in_England_map%2C_2021.svg/220px-Combined_authorities_and_the_Greater_London_Authority_in_England_map%2C_2021.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Combined_authorities_and_the_Greater_London_Authority_in_England_map%2C_2021.svg/330px-Combined_authorities_and_the_Greater_London_Authority_in_England_map%2C_2021.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Combined_authorities_and_the_Greater_London_Authority_in_England_map%2C_2021.svg/440px-Combined_authorities_and_the_Greater_London_Authority_in_England_map%2C_2021.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1152" data-file-height="1152" /></a><figcaption>The Greater London Authority and 10 combined authorities of England, as of December 2021.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Greater_London_Authority">Greater London Authority</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Local_government_in_England&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Greater London Authority"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Authority" title="Greater London Authority">Greater London Authority</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Authority_Act_1999" title="Greater London Authority Act 1999">Greater London Authority Act 1999</a> established a <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_London" title="Mayor of London">Mayor of London</a> and 25-member <a href="/wiki/London_Assembly" title="London Assembly">London Assembly</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first <a href="/wiki/2000_London_mayoral_election" title="2000 London mayoral election">mayoral</a> and <a href="/wiki/2000_London_Assembly_election" title="2000 London Assembly election">assembly</a> elections took place in 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The former <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Greater_London_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Leader of the Greater London Council">Leader of the Greater London Council</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ken_Livingstone" title="Ken Livingstone">Ken Livingstone</a>, served as the inaugural Mayor, until he was defeated by future <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Boris_Johnson" title="Boris Johnson">Boris Johnson</a> in <a href="/wiki/2008_London_mayoral_election" title="2008 London mayoral election">2008</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The incumbent, <a href="/wiki/Sadiq_Khan" title="Sadiq Khan">Sadiq Khan</a>, was first elected in <a href="/wiki/2016_London_mayoral_election" title="2016 London mayoral election">2016</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Mayor's functions include chairing <a href="/wiki/Transport_for_London" title="Transport for London">Transport for London</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> holding the <a href="/wiki/Commissioner_of_Police_of_the_Metropolis" title="Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis">Commissioner of the Metropolitan Police</a> and <a href="/wiki/London_Fire_Commissioner" title="London Fire Commissioner">London Fire Commissioner</a> to account<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and keeping strategies up to date, including the <a href="/wiki/London_Plan" title="London Plan">London Plan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meanwhile, it is the Assembly's role to regularly hold the Mayor and their key advisers to account and it can also amend the budget or a strategy by a two-thirds majority, though this has not ever happened as of March 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_32-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Combined_authorities_and_combined_county_authorities">Combined authorities and combined county authorities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Local_government_in_England&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Combined authorities and combined county authorities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Combined_authorities_and_combined_county_authorities" title="Combined authorities and combined county authorities">Combined authorities and combined county authorities</a></div> <p>Combined authorities can be created at the request of two or more local authorities.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Combined authorities do not replace the local authorities in question, but can receive separate functions and funding.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_7-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of May 2022, there are 10 combined authorities covering some of England.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_7-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Levelling_Up,_Housing_and_Communities" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of State for Levelling Up, Housing and Communities">Secretary of State</a> was first granted the power to create combined authorities by the <a href="/wiki/Local_Democracy,_Economic_Development_and_Construction_Act_2009" title="Local Democracy, Economic Development and Construction Act 2009">Local Democracy, Economic Development and Construction Act 2009</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Cities_and_Local_Government_Devolution_Act_2016" title="Cities and Local Government Devolution Act 2016">Cities and Local Government Devolution Act 2016</a> gave the Secretary of State the power to provide for a <a href="/wiki/Directly_elected_mayors_in_England_and_Wales#Mayoralties_covering_more_than_one_local_authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Directly elected mayors in England and Wales">directly-elected combined authority mayor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> And, as of May 2022, nine out of the 10 combined authorities have mayors, including <a href="/wiki/Andy_Burnham" title="Andy Burnham">Andy Burnham</a> in <a href="/wiki/Greater_Manchester_Combined_Authority" title="Greater Manchester Combined Authority">Greater Manchester</a> and <a href="/wiki/Andy_Street" title="Andy Street">Andy Street</a> in the <a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_Combined_Authority" title="West Midlands Combined Authority">West Midlands</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/2024_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="2024 United Kingdom local elections">2024 local elections</a>, new Combined Authorities were elected; they were the new <a href="/wiki/York_and_North_Yorkshire_Combined_Authority" title="York and North Yorkshire Combined Authority">York and North Yorkshire Combined Authority</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_East_Mayoral_Combined_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="North East Mayoral Combined Authority">North East Mayoral Combined Authority</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Midlands_Combined_County_Authority" title="East Midlands Combined County Authority">East Midlands Combined County Authority</a>. They are all controlled by the Labour Party as of 2024 except for <a href="/wiki/Tees_Valley_Mayor" title="Tees Valley Mayor">Tees Valley</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Each combined authority's executive consists of a representative from each of its constituent local authorities, plus (if applicable) the mayor.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Functions can be devolved directly to the mayor, to the combined authority as a whole, or have a different decision-making requirement.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The budget and functions of each combined authority can be vastly different, but possible functions include responsibility for the relevant <a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Law enforcement in the United Kingdom">police force</a> and/or <a href="/wiki/Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Fire services in the United Kingdom">fire brigade</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bus_franchise" class="mw-redirect" title="Bus franchise">bus franchising</a> and spatial strategy.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Table_of_authority_types">Table of authority types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Local_government_in_England&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Table of authority types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Type </th> <th>Notes </th> <th>Example(s) </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Civil_parish" title="Civil parish">Civil parish council</a> </th> <td>Lowest level of local government.<sup id="cite_ref-:11_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Newbald" title="Newbald">Newbald Parish Council</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arlesey" title="Arlesey">Arlesey Parish Council</a>, <a href="/wiki/Handforth_Town_Council" title="Handforth Town Council">Handforth Town Council</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3">The only specific statutory function of parish councils, which they must do, is establishing <a href="/wiki/Allotment_(gardening)" title="Allotment (gardening)">allotments</a>. However, there are a number of other functions given by powers in the relevant legislation, which they can do, such as providing <a href="/wiki/Waste_container" title="Waste container">litter bins</a> and building <a href="/wiki/Bus_stop" title="Bus stop">bus shelters</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the <a href="/wiki/Localism_Act_2011" title="Localism Act 2011">Localism Act 2011</a> eligible parish councils can be granted "<a href="/wiki/Everything_which_is_not_forbidden_is_allowed" title="Everything which is not forbidden is allowed">general power of competence</a>" (GPC) which allows them, within certain limits, the freedom to do anything an individual can do provided it is not prohibited by other legislation.<sup id="cite_ref-:11_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Non-metropolitan_district" title="Non-metropolitan district">Non-metropolitan district / borough council</a> in a two-tier system </th> <td>Type of local authority. <p>Lower-tier of a two-tier system.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Epping_Forest_District" title="Epping Forest District">Epping Forest District council</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gosport_Borough_Council" title="Gosport Borough Council">Gosport Borough Council</a>, <a href="/wiki/Woking_Borough_Council" title="Woking Borough Council">Woking Borough Council</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3">Responsible for <a href="/wiki/Planning_permission" title="Planning permission">local planning</a> and <a href="/wiki/Building_regulations_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Building regulations in the United Kingdom">building control</a>, local roads, <a href="/wiki/Council_housing" class="mw-redirect" title="Council housing">council housing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Environmental_health" title="Environmental health">environmental health</a>, <a href="/wiki/Market_(place)" class="mw-redirect" title="Market (place)">markets</a> and fairs, <a href="/wiki/Refuse_collection" class="mw-redirect" title="Refuse collection">refuse collection</a> and <a href="/wiki/Recycling" title="Recycling">recycling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cemeteries" class="mw-redirect" title="Cemeteries">cemeteries</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crematoria" class="mw-redirect" title="Crematoria">crematoria</a>, leisure services, parks, and tourism in a two-tier system.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_county_councils_in_England" title="List of county councils in England">County council</a> in a two-tier system </th> <td>Type of local authority. <p>Upper-tier of a two-tier system.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_43-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oxfordshire_County_Council" title="Oxfordshire County Council">Oxfordshire County Council</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nottinghamshire_County_Council" title="Nottinghamshire County Council">Nottinghamshire County Council</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3">Responsible for running the largest and most expensive local services such as <a href="/wiki/Local_education_authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Local education authority">education</a>, <a href="/wiki/Social_services" title="Social services">social services</a>, <a href="/wiki/Library" title="Library">libraries</a>, main roads, public transport, <a href="/wiki/Fire_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Fire service">fire services</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trading_Standards" title="Trading Standards">Trading Standards</a>, <a href="/wiki/Waste_disposal" class="mw-redirect" title="Waste disposal">waste disposal</a> and strategic planning in a two-tier system.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_43-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_borough" title="Metropolitan borough">Metropolitan district / borough council</a> </th> <td>Type of local authority. <p>De facto unitary authorities since abolition of <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_county_council" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan county council">metropolitan county councils</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:13_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Stockport" title="Metropolitan Borough of Stockport">Stockport</a> <a href="/wiki/Newcastle_City_Council" title="Newcastle City Council">Metropolitan Borough</a> Council, <a href="/wiki/Newcastle_City_Council" title="Newcastle City Council">Newcastle City Council</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sheffield_City_Council" title="Sheffield City Council">Sheffield City Council</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3">Metropolitan district or borough councils were originally part of a two-tier system with metropolitan county councils. They differed from <a href="/wiki/Non-metropolitan_district" title="Non-metropolitan district">non-metropolitan districts / boroughs</a> in the division of powers between district and county councils. Metropolitan district or borough councils were <a href="/wiki/Local_education_authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Local education authority">local education authorities</a>, and were also responsible for <a href="/wiki/Social_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Social service">social services</a> and <a href="/wiki/Library" title="Library">libraries</a>. <p>Metropolitan county councils were abolished in 1986 and most of their functions were devolved to the metropolitan boroughs making them <a href="/wiki/Unitary_authority" title="Unitary authority">unitary authorities</a> in all but name.<sup id="cite_ref-:13_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Unitary_authorities_of_England" title="Unitary authorities of England">Unitary authority</a> </th> <td>Type of local authority. </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plymouth_City_Council" title="Plymouth City Council">Plymouth City Council</a>, <a href="/wiki/Durham_County_Council" title="Durham County Council">Durham County Council</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Somerset_Council" title="North Somerset Council">North Somerset Council</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slough_Borough_Council" title="Slough Borough Council">Slough Borough Council</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3">Unitary authorities combine the powers and functions that are normally delivered separately by the councils of non-metropolitan counties and non-metropolitan districts.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:17_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:17-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Combined_authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Combined authority">Combined authority</a> </th> <td>Combined authorities assume the role of an <a href="/wiki/Integrated_transport_authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated transport authority">integrated transport authority</a> and <a href="/wiki/Economic_prosperity_board" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic prosperity board">economic prosperity board</a> on behalf of its member local authorities.<sup id="cite_ref-:14_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Greater_Manchester_Combined_Authority" title="Greater Manchester Combined Authority">Greater Manchester Combined Authority</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tees_Valley_Combined_Authority" title="Tees Valley Combined Authority">Tees Valley Combined Authority</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3">Combined authorities are created voluntarily and allow a group of local authorities to pool appropriate responsibility and receive certain delegated functions from central government in order to deliver transport and economic policy more effectively over a wider area.<sup id="cite_ref-:14_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/London_boroughs" title="London boroughs">London borough council</a> </th> <td>Type of local authority in London only. </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tower_Hamlets_London_Borough_Council" title="Tower Hamlets London Borough Council">Tower Hamlets London Borough Council</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3">The London boroughs are administered by London borough councils (sometimes abbreviated LBCs), which are elected every four years. They are the principal local authorities in London and are responsible for running most local services, such as schools, social services, waste collection and roads. Some London-wide services are run by the <a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Authority" title="Greater London Authority">Greater London Authority</a>, and some services and lobbying of government are pooled within <a href="/wiki/London_Councils" title="London Councils">London Councils</a>. Some councils group together for services such as <a href="/wiki/Waste_disposal_authorities_in_London" title="Waste disposal authorities in London">waste collection and disposal</a>. The boroughs are <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_England" title="Districts of England">local government districts</a> and have similar functions to <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_borough" title="Metropolitan borough">metropolitan boroughs</a>. Each borough council is a <a href="/wiki/Local_education_authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Local education authority">local education authority</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Authority" title="Greater London Authority">Greater London Authority</a> (GLA) </th> <td>London only. </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Authority" title="Greater London Authority">Greater London Authority</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3">The GLA has responsibility for transport, policing, fire and rescue, development and strategic planning. The GLA does not directly provide any services itself. Instead, its work is carried out by functional bodies which, together with the GLA itself, form the GLA Group  and work under the policy direction of the mayor and assembly.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Police_and_crime_commissioner" title="Police and crime commissioner">Police and crime commissioner</a> (PCC) </th> <td>Replaced <a href="/wiki/Police_authority" title="Police authority">police authorities.</a><sup id="cite_ref-:15_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:15-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <p>Some combined and regional authorities may assume responsibility for policing, e.g. <a href="/wiki/Greater_Manchester" title="Greater Manchester">South Yorkshire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:16_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:16-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hertfordshire_Police_and_Crime_Commissioner" title="Hertfordshire Police and Crime Commissioner">Hertfordshire Police and Crime Commissioner</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3">PCCs are responsible for ensuring an effective police force within their area, and to hold the <a href="/wiki/Chief_constable" title="Chief constable">chief constable</a> to account for the delivery of the police and crime plan. Police and crime commissioners are hold the police fund (from which all policing of the area is financed) and are able to raise the local policing <a href="/wiki/Precept" title="Precept">precept</a> from <a href="/wiki/Council_Tax" title="Council Tax">council tax</a>. Police and crime commissioners are also responsible for the appointment, suspension and dismissal of the Chief Constable.<sup id="cite_ref-:15_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:15-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Police,_fire_and_crime_commissioner" class="mw-redirect" title="Police, fire and crime commissioner">Police, fire and crime commissioner</a> (PFCC) </th> <td>Replaced police authorities and <a href="/wiki/Fire_authority" title="Fire authority">fire authorities</a>. <p>Some combined and regional authorities may assume responsibility for policing, e.g. <a href="/wiki/Greater_Manchester" title="Greater Manchester">Greater Manchester</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:16_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:16-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Essex_Police,_Fire_and_Crime_Commissioner" title="Essex Police, Fire and Crime Commissioner">Essex Police, Fire and Crime Commissioner</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3">Same as PCC, with additional responsibility for <a href="/wiki/Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Fire services in the United Kingdom">Fire and Rescue.</a><sup id="cite_ref-:16_53-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:16-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/National_park_authority" title="National park authority">National park authority</a> </th> <td>Established by the <a href="/wiki/Environment_Act_1995" title="Environment Act 1995">Environment Act 1995</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Peak_District_National_Park_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Peak District National Park Authority">Peak District National Park Authority</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3">Responsible for maintenance of a national park.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Development_corporation" title="Development corporation">Development corporation</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Middlesbrough_Development_Corporation" title="Middlesbrough Development Corporation">Middlesbrough Development Corporation</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3">Holds planning powers over a specific area and is awarded funding for urban regeneration.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/City_of_London_Corporation" title="City of London Corporation">City of London Corporation</a> </th> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Sui_generis" title="Sui generis">Sui generis</a> body for the <a href="/wiki/City_of_London" title="City of London">City of London</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:17_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:17-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_Isles_of_Scilly" title="Council of the Isles of Scilly">Council of the Isles of Scilly</a> </th> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Sui_generis" title="Sui generis">Sui generis</a> body for the <a href="/wiki/Isles_of_Scilly" title="Isles of Scilly">Isles of Scilly</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:17_46-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:17-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Funding">Funding</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Local_government_in_England&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Funding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In England, local authorities have three main sources of funding: <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Government of the United Kingdom">UK Government</a> grants, <a href="/wiki/Council_Tax" title="Council Tax">council tax</a> and <a href="/wiki/Business_rates_in_England" title="Business rates in England">business rates</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the financial year 2019/20, local authorities received 22% of their funding from grants, 52% from council tax and 27% from retained business rates.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the financial year 2023/24, 51% of revenue expenditure is expected to come from UK Government grants, 31% from council tax and 15% from retained business rates.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Local government can also receive some money from fees and charges for the use of services, returns and interest from <a href="/wiki/Investment" title="Investment">investments</a>, commercial income, <a href="/wiki/Fixed_penalty_notice" title="Fixed penalty notice">fixed penalty notices</a> and capital receipts.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Information_Commissioner%27s_Office" title="Information Commissioner's Office">Information Commissioner's Office</a> has ruled that there is a <a href="/wiki/Public_interest" title="Public interest">public interest</a> in disclosing information about local government investments which will generally outweigh any concerns about whether disclosure could affect an investment's performance or be protected by <a href="/wiki/Confidentiality" title="Confidentiality">confidentiality</a> requirements.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Local authorities cannot borrow money to finance day-to-day spending and so must rely on yearly income or reserves for this type of expenditure, although they can borrow to fund capital expenditure.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_61-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:7_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Local government in England as a whole has limited revenue-raising powers compared to other <a href="/wiki/G7" title="G7">G7</a> countries.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_61-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="UK_Government_grants">UK Government grants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Local_government_in_England&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: UK Government grants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 20th century, local authorities found that the costs of providing services exceeded the revenues raised from local taxes and so grants from the UK Government (specifically the <a href="/wiki/HM_Treasury" title="HM Treasury">Treasury</a>) gradually increased.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_62-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, UK Government grants were cut by 40% in real terms between the financial years 2009/10 and 2019/20, although grant income did grow due to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom">COVID-19 pandemic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_61-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Local government receives two types of grants: the Revenue Support Grant, which can be spent on any service according to the wishes of the local government body in question, and specific grants, which are usually 'ring fenced' to specifically defined service areas.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_62-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Council_tax">Council tax</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Local_government_in_England&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Council tax"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Council_Tax" title="Council Tax">Council Tax</a></div> <p>Council tax was introduced in 1993 to replace the '<a href="/wiki/Poll_tax_(Great_Britain)" title="Poll tax (Great Britain)">poll tax</a>'.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_62-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is a domestic property tax, based on eight bands (A to H) depending on the value of the property on 1 April 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_62-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Various discounts are set out in law and exist at the discretion of billing authorities.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_62-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On a yearly basis, local government bodies review and consider whether to increase or decrease the level of council tax to fund their spending plans.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_62-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The level at which a local authority can increase council tax each year without holding a local <a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Referendums in the United Kingdom">referendum</a> is regulated by the <a href="/wiki/Localism_Act_2011" title="Localism Act 2011">Localism Act 2011</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:7_62-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In every area, one local authority acts as the billing authority (the district council in two-tier areas), which prepares and collects council tax bills.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_62-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other parts of local government (like county councils in two-tier areas, police and crime commissioners, fire authorities, parish councils and combined authorities) act as precepting authorities, which notify the relevant billing authority of their decision on council tax and later receive this money from the billing authority.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_62-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Between financial years 2009/10 and 2021/22, council tax rates increased by 30% in real terms, in light of reduced grants from the UK Government.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_61-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Business_rates">Business rates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Local_government_in_England&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Business rates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Business_rates_in_England" title="Business rates in England">Business rates in England</a></div> <p>Business rates is a tax on business premises.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_62-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is based on the rateable value of the premises (set by the <a href="/wiki/Valuation_Office_Agency" title="Valuation Office Agency">Valuation Office Agency</a>) and a business rate multiplier.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_62-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is set and collected by billing authorities.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_62-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Reforms in 2013 now mean that local authorities keep 50% of business rate revenues raised locally.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_61-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The UK Government then distributes the remaining 50% of business rate revenues according to its own judgement.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_61-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was initially planned to increase the proportion of business rates that local authorities retain to 100%, but this was indefinitely delayed in 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_61-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticisms">Criticisms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Local_government_in_England&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Criticisms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> In 2022, the <a href="/wiki/Public_Administration_and_Constitutional_Affairs_Select_Committee" title="Public Administration and Constitutional Affairs Select Committee">Public Administration and Constitutional Affairs Committee</a> said that it had "significant concerns about the current governance arrangements for England":<sup id="cite_ref-:9_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><blockquote><p>If the people within government are unsure at times where powers and responsibility, and hence accountability, rest, this lack of clarity is magnified for individuals who have little knowledge or experience of the structures. This has the potential to leave individuals less likely to be able to access what they need from government, leaving them often unable to know who is responsible, and as a result are not properly able to hold their democratic representatives to account.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The Committee also said that "[t]he evidence is clear both practically and democratically that the overly centralised arrangements of government in England are problematic" and that reform was also needed of funding structures.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_65-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administrative_hierarchy">Administrative hierarchy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Local_government_in_England&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Administrative hierarchy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of May 2024, the various combined authorities, county, district, and sui generis councils formed an administrative hierarchy as shown in the table below. Unitary authorities are legally either district councils which also perform county functions or county councils which also perform district functions; they therefore straddle the county and district columns. Metropolitan districts and London boroughs are also shown straddling the county and district columns. In much of the country there is also a lower tier of <a href="/wiki/Civil_parishes" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil parishes">civil parishes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This administrative hierarchy differs from the <a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_counties_of_England" title="Ceremonial counties of England">ceremonial hierarchy</a>. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1253789634">@media screen{.mw-parser-output .sticky-header>thead>tr:first-child,.mw-parser-output .sticky-header>caption+tbody>tr:first-child,.mw-parser-output .sticky-header>tbody:first-child>tr:first-child,.mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi>thead{position:sticky;top:0;z-index:10}.mw-parser-output .sticky-header:not(.wikitable),.mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi:not(.wikitable){background-color:white}.mw-parser-output .sticky-header:not(.wikitable)>*,.mw-parser-output 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.sticky-header-multi.static-row-numbers.wikitable .sortbottom~.sortbottom::before{border-top-width:0}.mw-parser-output .sticky-header.static-row-numbers.wikitable>tbody>tr:not(.static-row-header)::before,.mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi.static-row-numbers.wikitable>tbody>tr:not(.static-row-header)::before{border-bottom-width:0!important;border-right-width:0!important}body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .content-table-scrollbar,body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .overflowed,body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .overflowed .content-table{overflow:visible}body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .scroll-right.overflowed .content-table-right{box-shadow:none;border-left:none}}@media screen and (min-width:1120px){body.vector-sticky-header-visible .mw-parser-output .sticky-header>thead>tr:first-child,body.vector-sticky-header-visible .mw-parser-output .sticky-header>caption+tbody>tr:first-child,body.vector-sticky-header-visible .mw-parser-output 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.sticky-header-multi{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sticky-header>caption,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi>caption{display:table-caption}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi.wikitable{background-color:#101418}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi.wikitable{background-color:#101418}}</style> </p> <table class="wikitable sticky-header"> <tbody><tr> <th>Combined authority</th> <th>County level</th> <th>District level </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Cambridgeshire_and_Peterborough_Combined_Authority" title="Cambridgeshire and Peterborough Combined Authority">Cambridgeshire and Peterborough</a></td> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Cambridgeshire_County_Council" title="Cambridgeshire County Council">Cambridgeshire</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_City_Council" title="Cambridge City Council">Cambridge</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/East_Cambridgeshire" title="East Cambridgeshire">East Cambridgeshire</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Fenland_District" title="Fenland District">Fenland</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Huntingdonshire_District_Council" title="Huntingdonshire District Council">Huntingdonshire</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Cambridgeshire" title="South Cambridgeshire">South Cambridgeshire</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Peterborough_City_Council" title="Peterborough City Council">Peterborough</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="17"><a href="/wiki/East_Midlands_Combined_County_Authority" title="East Midlands Combined County Authority">East Midlands</a></td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Derby_City_Council" title="Derby City Council">Derby</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="8"><a href="/wiki/Derbyshire_County_Council" title="Derbyshire County Council">Derbyshire</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Amber_Valley" title="Amber Valley">Amber Valley</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bolsover_District" title="Bolsover District">Bolsover</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Chesterfield" title="Borough of Chesterfield">Chesterfield</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Derbyshire_Dales" title="Derbyshire Dales">Derbyshire Dales</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Erewash" title="Borough of Erewash">Erewash</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/High_Peak_Borough_Council" title="High Peak Borough Council">High Peak</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/North_East_Derbyshire" title="North East Derbyshire">North East Derbyshire</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Derbyshire" title="South Derbyshire">South Derbyshire</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Nottingham_City_Council" title="Nottingham City Council">Nottingham</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="7"><a href="/wiki/Nottinghamshire_County_Council" title="Nottinghamshire County Council">Nottinghamshire</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ashfield_District" title="Ashfield District">Ashfield</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bassetlaw_District" title="Bassetlaw District">Bassetlaw</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Broxtowe" title="Borough of Broxtowe">Broxtowe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Gedling" title="Borough of Gedling">Gedling</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mansfield_District" title="Mansfield District">Mansfield</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Newark_and_Sherwood" title="Newark and Sherwood">Newark and Sherwood</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rushcliffe" title="Rushcliffe">Rushcliffe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="10"><a href="/wiki/Greater_Manchester_Combined_Authority" title="Greater Manchester Combined Authority">Greater Manchester</a></td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bolton_Council" title="Bolton Council">Bolton</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bury_Metropolitan_Borough_Council" title="Bury Metropolitan Borough Council">Bury</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Manchester_City_Council" title="Manchester City Council">Manchester</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Oldham_Council" title="Oldham Council">Oldham</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Rochdale_Borough_Council" title="Rochdale Borough Council">Rochdale</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Salford_City_Council" title="Salford City Council">Salford</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Stockport_Metropolitan_Borough_Council" title="Stockport Metropolitan Borough Council">Stockport</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Tameside_Metropolitan_Borough_Council" title="Tameside Metropolitan Borough Council">Tameside</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Trafford_Council" title="Trafford Council">Trafford</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Wigan_Metropolitan_Borough_Council" title="Wigan Metropolitan Borough Council">Wigan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_City_Region_Combined_Authority" title="Liverpool City Region Combined Authority">Liverpool City Region</a></td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Halton_Borough_Council" title="Halton Borough Council">Halton</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Knowsley_Metropolitan_Borough_Council" title="Knowsley Metropolitan Borough Council">Knowsley</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_City_Council" title="Liverpool City Council">Liverpool</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/St_Helens_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="St Helens Council">St Helens</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Sefton_Council" title="Sefton Council">Sefton</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Wirral_Council" title="Wirral Council">Wirral</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="33"><a href="/wiki/London_Assembly" title="London Assembly">London</a></td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Barking_and_Dagenham_London_Borough_Council" title="Barking and Dagenham London Borough Council">Barking and Dagenham</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Barnet_London_Borough_Council" title="Barnet London Borough Council">Barnet</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bexley_London_Borough_Council" title="Bexley London Borough Council">Bexley</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Brent_London_Borough_Council" title="Brent London Borough Council">Brent</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bromley_London_Borough_Council" title="Bromley London Borough Council">Bromley</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Camden_London_Borough_Council" title="Camden London Borough Council">Camden</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Croydon_London_Borough_Council" title="Croydon London Borough Council">Croydon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Ealing_London_Borough_Council" title="Ealing London Borough Council">Ealing</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Enfield_London_Borough_Council" title="Enfield London Borough Council">Enfield</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Greenwich_London_Borough_Council" title="Greenwich London Borough Council">Greenwich</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Hackney_London_Borough_Council" title="Hackney London Borough Council">Hackney</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Hammersmith_and_Fulham_London_Borough_Council" title="Hammersmith and Fulham London Borough Council">Hammersmith and Fulham</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Haringey_London_Borough_Council" title="Haringey London Borough Council">Haringey</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Harrow_London_Borough_Council" title="Harrow London Borough Council">Harrow</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Havering_London_Borough_Council" title="Havering London Borough Council">Havering</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Hillingdon_London_Borough_Council" title="Hillingdon London Borough Council">Hillingdon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Hounslow_London_Borough_Council" title="Hounslow London Borough Council">Hounslow</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Islington_London_Borough_Council" title="Islington London Borough Council">Islington</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Kensington_and_Chelsea_London_Borough_Council" title="Kensington and Chelsea London Borough Council">Kensington and Chelsea</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Kingston_upon_Thames_London_Borough_Council" title="Kingston upon Thames London Borough Council">Kingston upon Thames</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Lambeth_London_Borough_Council" title="Lambeth London Borough Council">Lambeth</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Lewisham_London_Borough_Council" title="Lewisham London Borough Council">Lewisham</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/City_of_London_Corporation" title="City of London Corporation">London (City)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Merton_London_Borough_Council" title="Merton London Borough Council">Merton</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Newham_London_Borough_Council" title="Newham London Borough Council">Newham</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Redbridge_London_Borough_Council" title="Redbridge London Borough Council">Redbridge</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Richmond_upon_Thames_London_Borough_Council" title="Richmond upon Thames London Borough Council">Richmond upon Thames</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Southwark_London_Borough_Council" title="Southwark London Borough Council">Southwark</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Sutton_London_Borough_Council" title="Sutton London Borough Council">Sutton</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Tower_Hamlets_London_Borough_Council" title="Tower Hamlets London Borough Council">Tower Hamlets</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Waltham_Forest_London_Borough_Council" title="Waltham Forest London Borough Council">Waltham Forest</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Wandsworth_London_Borough_Council" title="Wandsworth London Borough Council">Wandsworth</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Westminster_City_Council" title="Westminster City Council">Westminster</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="7"><a href="/wiki/North_East_Mayoral_Combined_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="North East Mayoral Combined Authority">North East</a></td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Durham_County_Council" title="Durham County Council">Durham</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Gateshead" title="Metropolitan Borough of Gateshead">Gateshead</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_City_Council" title="Newcastle City Council">Newcastle upon Tyne</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/North_Tyneside_Council" title="North Tyneside Council">North Tyneside</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Northumberland_County_Council" title="Northumberland County Council">Northumberland</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/South_Tyneside_Council" title="South Tyneside Council">South Tyneside</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Sunderland_City_Council" title="Sunderland City Council">Sunderland</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/South_Yorkshire_Mayoral_Combined_Authority" title="South Yorkshire Mayoral Combined Authority">South Yorkshire</a></td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Barnsley_Metropolitan_Borough_Council" title="Barnsley Metropolitan Borough Council">Barnsley</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/City_of_Doncaster_Council" title="City of Doncaster Council">Doncaster</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Rotherham_Metropolitan_Borough_Council" title="Rotherham Metropolitan Borough Council">Rotherham</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Sheffield_City_Council" title="Sheffield City Council">Sheffield</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Tees_Valley_Combined_Authority" title="Tees Valley Combined Authority">Tees Valley</a></td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Darlington" title="Borough of Darlington">Darlington</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Hartlepool" title="Borough of Hartlepool">Hartlepool</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Middlesbrough_Council" title="Middlesbrough Council">Middlesbrough</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Redcar_and_Cleveland_Borough_Council" title="Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council">Redcar and Cleveland</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Stockton-on-Tees_Borough_Council" title="Stockton-on-Tees Borough Council">Stockton-on-Tees</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="7"><a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_Combined_Authority" title="West Midlands Combined Authority">West Midlands</a></td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_City_Council" title="Birmingham City Council">Birmingham</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Coventry_City_Council" title="Coventry City Council">Coventry</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Dudley_Metropolitan_Borough_Council" title="Dudley Metropolitan Borough Council">Dudley</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Sandwell_Metropolitan_Borough_Council" title="Sandwell Metropolitan Borough Council">Sandwell</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Solihull_Metropolitan_Borough_Council" title="Solihull Metropolitan Borough Council">Solihull</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Walsall_Council" title="Walsall Council">Walsall</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/City_of_Wolverhampton_Council" title="City of Wolverhampton Council">Wolverhampton</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/West_of_England_Combined_Authority" title="West of England Combined Authority">West of England</a></td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bath_and_North_East_Somerset_Council" title="Bath and North East Somerset Council">Bath and North East Somerset</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bristol_City_Council" title="Bristol City Council">Bristol</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/South_Gloucestershire_Council" title="South Gloucestershire Council">South Gloucestershire</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/West_Yorkshire_Combined_Authority" title="West Yorkshire Combined Authority">West Yorkshire</a></td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/City_of_Bradford_Metropolitan_District_Council" title="City of Bradford Metropolitan District Council">Bradford</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Calderdale_Metropolitan_Borough_Council" title="Calderdale Metropolitan Borough Council">Calderdale</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Kirklees_Council" title="Kirklees Council">Kirklees</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Leeds_City_Council" title="Leeds City Council">Leeds</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Wakefield_Council" title="Wakefield Council">Wakefield</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/York_and_North_Yorkshire_Combined_Authority" title="York and North Yorkshire Combined Authority">York and North Yorkshire</a></td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/North_Yorkshire_Council" title="North Yorkshire Council">North Yorkshire</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/York_City_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="York City Council">York</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="191">none</td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bedford_Borough_Council" title="Bedford Borough Council">Bedford</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Blackburn_with_Darwen_Borough_Council" title="Blackburn with Darwen Borough Council">Blackburn with Darwen</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Blackpool_Council" title="Blackpool Council">Blackpool</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bournemouth,_Christchurch_and_Poole_Council" title="Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole Council">Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bracknell_Forest_Council" title="Bracknell Forest Council">Bracknell Forest</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove_City_Council" title="Brighton and Hove City Council">Brighton and Hove</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Buckinghamshire_Council" title="Buckinghamshire Council">Buckinghamshire</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Central_Bedfordshire_Council" title="Central Bedfordshire Council">Central Bedfordshire</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Cheshire_East_Council" title="Cheshire East Council">Cheshire East</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Cheshire_West_and_Chester_Council" title="Cheshire West and Chester Council">Cheshire West and Chester</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Cornwall_Council" title="Cornwall Council">Cornwall</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_Council" title="Cumberland Council">Cumberland</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="8"><a href="/wiki/Devon_County_Council" title="Devon County Council">Devon</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/East_Devon" title="East Devon">East Devon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Exeter_City_Council" title="Exeter City Council">Exeter</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mid_Devon" title="Mid Devon">Mid Devon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/North_Devon" title="North Devon">North Devon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Hams" title="South Hams">South Hams</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Teignbridge" title="Teignbridge">Teignbridge</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Torridge_District" title="Torridge District">Torridge</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Devon" title="West Devon">West Devon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Dorset_Council_(UK)" title="Dorset Council (UK)">Dorset</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/East_Riding_of_Yorkshire_Council" title="East Riding of Yorkshire Council">East Riding of Yorkshire</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/East_Sussex_County_Council" title="East Sussex County Council">East Sussex</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eastbourne_Borough_Council" title="Eastbourne Borough Council">Eastbourne</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hastings_Borough_Council" title="Hastings Borough Council">Hastings</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lewes_District" title="Lewes District">Lewes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rother_District" title="Rother District">Rother</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Wealden_District" title="Wealden District">Wealden</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="12"><a href="/wiki/Essex_County_Council" title="Essex County Council">Essex</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Basildon" title="Borough of Basildon">Basildon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Braintree_District" title="Braintree District">Braintree</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Brentwood" title="Borough of Brentwood">Brentwood</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Castle_Point" title="Castle Point">Castle Point</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/City_of_Chelmsford" title="City of Chelmsford">Chelmsford</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/City_of_Colchester" title="City of Colchester">Colchester</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Epping_Forest_District" title="Epping Forest District">Epping Forest</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Harlow_District_Council" title="Harlow District Council">Harlow</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maldon_District" title="Maldon District">Maldon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rochford_District" title="Rochford District">Rochford</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tendring_District" title="Tendring District">Tendring</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Uttlesford" title="Uttlesford">Uttlesford</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Gloucestershire_County_Council" title="Gloucestershire County Council">Gloucestershire</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cheltenham_Borough_Council" title="Cheltenham Borough Council">Cheltenham</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cotswold_District" title="Cotswold District">Cotswold</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Forest_of_Dean_District" title="Forest of Dean District">Forest of Dean</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gloucester_City_Council" title="Gloucester City Council">Gloucester</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Stroud_District" title="Stroud District">Stroud</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Tewkesbury" title="Borough of Tewkesbury">Tewkesbury</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="11"><a href="/wiki/Hampshire_County_Council" title="Hampshire County Council">Hampshire</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Basingstoke_and_Deane" title="Basingstoke and Deane">Basingstoke and Deane</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/East_Hampshire" title="East Hampshire">East Hampshire</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Eastleigh" title="Borough of Eastleigh">Eastleigh</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Fareham" title="Borough of Fareham">Fareham</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gosport_Borough_Council" title="Gosport Borough Council">Gosport</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hart_District" title="Hart District">Hart</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Havant" title="Borough of Havant">Havant</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Forest_District" title="New Forest District">New Forest</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rushmoor" title="Rushmoor">Rushmoor</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Test_Valley" title="Test Valley">Test Valley</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/City_of_Winchester" title="City of Winchester">Winchester</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Herefordshire_Council" title="Herefordshire Council">Herefordshire</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="10"><a href="/wiki/Hertfordshire_County_Council" title="Hertfordshire County Council">Hertfordshire</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Broxbourne" title="Borough of Broxbourne">Broxbourne</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dacorum" title="Dacorum">Dacorum</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/East_Hertfordshire" title="East Hertfordshire">East Hertfordshire</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hertsmere" title="Hertsmere">Hertsmere</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/North_Hertfordshire" title="North Hertfordshire">North Hertfordshire</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/St_Albans_City_and_District" class="mw-redirect" title="St Albans City and District">St Albans</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Stevenage_Borough_Council" title="Stevenage Borough Council">Stevenage</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Three_Rivers_District" title="Three Rivers District">Three Rivers</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Watford_Borough_Council" title="Watford Borough Council">Watford</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Welwyn_Hatfield" title="Welwyn Hatfield">Welwyn Hatfield</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Wight_Council" title="Isle of Wight Council">Isle of Wight</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_Isles_of_Scilly" title="Council of the Isles of Scilly">Isles of Scilly</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Hull_City_Council" title="Hull City Council">Kingston upon Hull</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="12"><a href="/wiki/Kent_County_Council" title="Kent County Council">Kent</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Ashford" title="Borough of Ashford">Ashford</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/City_of_Canterbury" title="City of Canterbury">Canterbury</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Dartford" title="Borough of Dartford">Dartford</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dover_District" title="Dover District">Dover</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Folkestone_and_Hythe_District" title="Folkestone and Hythe District">Folkestone and Hythe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gravesham" title="Gravesham">Gravesham</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Maidstone" title="Borough of Maidstone">Maidstone</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sevenoaks_District" title="Sevenoaks District">Sevenoaks</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Swale" title="Borough of Swale">Swale</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Thanet_District" title="Thanet District">Thanet</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tonbridge_and_Malling" title="Tonbridge and Malling">Tonbridge and Malling</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Tunbridge_Wells" title="Borough of Tunbridge Wells">Tunbridge Wells</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="12"><a href="/wiki/Lancashire_County_Council" title="Lancashire County Council">Lancashire</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Burnley" title="Borough of Burnley">Burnley</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Chorley" title="Borough of Chorley">Chorley</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Fylde" title="Borough of Fylde">Fylde</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hyndburn" title="Hyndburn">Hyndburn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/City_of_Lancaster" title="City of Lancaster">Lancaster</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Pendle" title="Borough of Pendle">Pendle</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/City_of_Preston,_Lancashire" title="City of Preston, Lancashire">Preston</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ribble_Valley" title="Ribble Valley">Ribble Valley</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Rossendale" title="Borough of Rossendale">Rossendale</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Ribble" title="South Ribble">South Ribble</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Lancashire" title="West Lancashire">West Lancashire</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Wyre" title="Borough of Wyre">Wyre</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Leicester_City_Council" title="Leicester City Council">Leicester</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="7"><a href="/wiki/Leicestershire_County_Council" title="Leicestershire County Council">Leicestershire</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Blaby_District" title="Blaby District">Blaby</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Charnwood" title="Borough of Charnwood">Charnwood</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Harborough_District" title="Harborough District">Harborough</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hinckley_and_Bosworth" title="Hinckley and Bosworth">Hinckley and Bosworth</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Melton" title="Borough of Melton">Melton</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/North_West_Leicestershire" title="North West Leicestershire">North West Leicestershire</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Oadby_and_Wigston" title="Oadby and Wigston">Oadby and Wigston</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="7"><a href="/wiki/Lincolnshire_County_Council" title="Lincolnshire County Council">Lincolnshire</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Boston" title="Borough of Boston">Boston</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/East_Lindsey" title="East Lindsey">East Lindsey</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/City_of_Lincoln_Council" title="City of Lincoln Council">Lincoln</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/North_Kesteven" title="North Kesteven">North Kesteven</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Holland_District" title="South Holland District">South Holland</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Kesteven" title="South Kesteven">South Kesteven</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Lindsey" title="West Lindsey">West Lindsey</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Luton_Borough_Council" title="Luton Borough Council">Luton</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Medway_Council" title="Medway Council">Medway</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Milton_Keynes_City_Council" title="Milton Keynes City Council">Milton Keynes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="7"><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_County_Council" title="Norfolk County Council">Norfolk</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Breckland_District" title="Breckland District">Breckland</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Broadland" title="Broadland">Broadland</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Great_Yarmouth" title="Borough of Great Yarmouth">Great Yarmouth</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Lynn_and_West_Norfolk" title="King's Lynn and West Norfolk">King's Lynn and West Norfolk</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/North_Norfolk" title="North Norfolk">North Norfolk</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Norwich_City_Council" title="Norwich City Council">Norwich</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Norfolk" title="South Norfolk">South Norfolk</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/North_East_Lincolnshire_Council" title="North East Lincolnshire Council">North East Lincolnshire</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/North_Lincolnshire_Council" title="North Lincolnshire Council">North Lincolnshire</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/North_Northamptonshire" title="North Northamptonshire">North Northamptonshire</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/North_Somerset_Council" title="North Somerset Council">North Somerset</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Oxfordshire_County_Council" title="Oxfordshire County Council">Oxfordshire</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cherwell_(district)" title="Cherwell (district)">Cherwell</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Oxford_City_Council" title="Oxford City Council">Oxford</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Oxfordshire" title="South Oxfordshire">South Oxfordshire</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vale_of_White_Horse_District_Council" title="Vale of White Horse District Council">Vale of White Horse</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Oxfordshire" title="West Oxfordshire">West Oxfordshire</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Plymouth_City_Council" title="Plymouth City Council">Plymouth</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Portsmouth_City_Council" title="Portsmouth City Council">Portsmouth</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Reading_Borough_Council" title="Reading Borough Council">Reading</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Rutland_County_Council" title="Rutland County Council">Rutland</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Shropshire_Council" title="Shropshire Council">Shropshire</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Slough_Borough_Council" title="Slough Borough Council">Slough</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Somerset_Council" title="Somerset Council">Somerset</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Southampton_City_Council" title="Southampton City Council">Southampton</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Southend-on-Sea_City_Council" title="Southend-on-Sea City Council">Southend-on-Sea</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="8"><a href="/wiki/Staffordshire_County_Council" title="Staffordshire County Council">Staffordshire</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cannock_Chase_District" title="Cannock Chase District">Cannock Chase</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/East_Staffordshire" title="East Staffordshire">East Staffordshire</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lichfield_District" title="Lichfield District">Lichfield</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Newcastle-under-Lyme" title="Borough of Newcastle-under-Lyme">Newcastle-under-Lyme</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Staffordshire" title="South Staffordshire">South Staffordshire</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Stafford" title="Borough of Stafford">Stafford</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Staffordshire_Moorlands" title="Staffordshire Moorlands">Staffordshire Moorlands</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tamworth_Borough_Council" title="Tamworth Borough Council">Tamworth</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Stoke-on-Trent_City_Council" title="Stoke-on-Trent City Council">Stoke-on-Trent</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Suffolk_County_Council" title="Suffolk County Council">Suffolk</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Babergh_District" title="Babergh District">Babergh</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/East_Suffolk_District" title="East Suffolk District">East Suffolk</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ipswich_Borough_Council" title="Ipswich Borough Council">Ipswich</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mid_Suffolk" title="Mid Suffolk">Mid Suffolk</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Suffolk_District" title="West Suffolk District">West Suffolk</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="11"><a href="/wiki/Surrey_County_Council" title="Surrey County Council">Surrey</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Elmbridge" title="Borough of Elmbridge">Elmbridge</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Epsom_and_Ewell" title="Epsom and Ewell">Epsom and Ewell</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Guildford" title="Borough of Guildford">Guildford</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mole_Valley" title="Mole Valley">Mole Valley</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Reigate_and_Banstead" title="Reigate and Banstead">Reigate and Banstead</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Runnymede" title="Borough of Runnymede">Runnymede</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Spelthorne" title="Borough of Spelthorne">Spelthorne</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Surrey_Heath" title="Surrey Heath">Surrey Heath</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tandridge_District" title="Tandridge District">Tandridge</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Waverley" title="Borough of Waverley">Waverley</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Woking_Borough_Council" title="Woking Borough Council">Woking</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Swindon_Borough_Council" title="Swindon Borough Council">Swindon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Telford_and_Wrekin_Council" title="Telford and Wrekin Council">Telford and Wrekin</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Thurrock_Council" title="Thurrock Council">Thurrock</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Torbay_Council" title="Torbay Council">Torbay</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Warrington_Borough_Council" title="Warrington Borough Council">Warrington</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Warwickshire_County_Council" title="Warwickshire County Council">Warwickshire</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/North_Warwickshire" title="North Warwickshire">North Warwickshire</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nuneaton_and_Bedworth" title="Nuneaton and Bedworth">Nuneaton and Bedworth</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Rugby" title="Borough of Rugby">Rugby</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Stratford-on-Avon_District" title="Stratford-on-Avon District">Stratford-on-Avon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Warwick_District" title="Warwick District">Warwick</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/West_Berkshire_Council" title="West Berkshire Council">West Berkshire</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/West_Northamptonshire" title="West Northamptonshire">West Northamptonshire</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="7"><a href="/wiki/West_Sussex_County_Council" title="West Sussex County Council">West Sussex</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Adur_District" title="Adur District">Adur</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Arun_District" title="Arun District">Arun</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chichester_District" title="Chichester District">Chichester</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Crawley_Borough_Council" title="Crawley Borough Council">Crawley</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Horsham_District" title="Horsham District">Horsham</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mid_Sussex_District" title="Mid Sussex District">Mid Sussex</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Worthing_Borough_Council" title="Worthing Borough Council">Worthing</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Westmorland_and_Furness_Council" title="Westmorland and Furness Council">Westmorland and Furness</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Wiltshire_Council" title="Wiltshire Council">Wiltshire</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Windsor_and_Maidenhead_Borough_Council" title="Windsor and Maidenhead Borough Council">Windsor and Maidenhead</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Wokingham_Borough_Council" title="Wokingham Borough Council">Wokingham</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Worcestershire_County_Council" title="Worcestershire County Council">Worcestershire</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bromsgrove_District" title="Bromsgrove District">Bromsgrove</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Malvern_Hills_District" title="Malvern Hills District">Malvern Hills</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Redditch_Borough_Council" title="Redditch Borough Council">Redditch</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Worcester_City_Council" title="Worcester City Council">Worcester</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Wychavon" title="Wychavon">Wychavon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Wyre_Forest_District" title="Wyre Forest District">Wyre Forest</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Local_government_in_England&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_local_governments_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of local governments in the United Kingdom">List of local governments in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_make-up_of_local_councils_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Political make-up of local councils in the United Kingdom">Political make-up of local councils in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Local government in Northern Ireland">Local government in Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Scotland" title="Local government in Scotland">Local government in Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Wales" title="Local government in Wales">Local government in Wales</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Local_government_in_England&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apccs.police.uk/find-your-pcc">"Find your PCC"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Police_and_Crime_Commissioners" class="mw-redirect" title="Association of Police and Crime Commissioners">Association of Police and Crime Commissioners</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240813050455/https://www.apccs.police.uk/find-your-pcc/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 August 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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id="CITEREFSandford2021" class="citation web cs1">Sandford, Mark (22 July 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/CBP-9056/CBP-9056.pdf">"Unitary local government"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_Library" title="House of Commons Library">House of Commons Library</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UK+Government&rft.atitle=Local+authority+revenue+expenditure+and+financing%3A+2023-24+budget%2C+England&rft.date=2023-06-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fstatistics%2Flocal-authority-revenue-expenditure-and-financing-2023-24-budget-england%2Flocal-authority-revenue-expenditure-and-financing-2023-24-budget-england&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://local.gov.uk/our-support/safer-and-more-sustainable-communities/devolution-hub/devolution-deals">"Devolution deals"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Association" title="Local Government Association">Local Government Association</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Local+Government+Association&rft.atitle=Devolution+deals&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flocal.gov.uk%2Four-support%2Fsafer-and-more-sustainable-communities%2Fdevolution-hub%2Fdevolution-deals&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSandford2021" class="citation web cs1">Sandford, Mark (20 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/SN05687/SN05687.pdf">"The General Power of Competence"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_Library" title="House of Commons Library">House of Commons Library</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Transport+for+London&rft.atitle=Board+Members&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tfl.gov.uk%2Fcorporate%2Fabout-tfl%2Fhow-we-work%2Fcorporate-governance%2Fboard-members&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/70/section/3/">"Local Government Act 1972: Section 3"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Legislation.gov.uk" title="Legislation.gov.uk">legislation.gov.uk</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/The_National_Archives_(United_Kingdom)" title="The National Archives (United Kingdom)">The National Archives</a>, 1972 c. 70  (s. 3)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=legislation.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Local+Government+Act+1972%26%2358%3B+Section+3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flegislation.gov.uk%2Fukpga%2F1972%2F70%2Fsection%2F3%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+England" class="Z3988"></span>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/29/section/327A/">"Greater London Authority Act 1999: Section 327A"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Legislation.gov.uk" title="Legislation.gov.uk">legislation.gov.uk</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/The_National_Archives_(United_Kingdom)" title="The National Archives (United Kingdom)">The National Archives</a>, 1999 c. 29  (s. 327A)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=legislation.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Greater+London+Authority+Act+1999%26%2358%3B+Section+327A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flegislation.gov.uk%2Fukpga%2F1999%2F29%2Fsection%2F327A%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/29/">"Greater London Authority Act 1999"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Legislation.gov.uk" title="Legislation.gov.uk">legislation.gov.uk</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/The_National_Archives_(United_Kingdom)" title="The National Archives (United Kingdom)">The National Archives</a>, 1999 c. 29</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=legislation.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Greater+London+Authority+Act+1999&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flegislation.gov.uk%2Fukpga%2F1999%2F29%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+England" class="Z3988"></span>, s 41(1)-(2).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_36-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSandford2019" class="citation web cs1">Sandford, Mark (17 December 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/SN06649/SN06649.pdf">"Combined authorities"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_Library" title="House of Commons Library">House of Commons Library</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Institute+for+Government&rft.atitle=English+devolution&rft.date=2024-06-21&rft.aulast=Henderson&rft.aufirst=Duncan&rft.au=Paun%2C+Akash&rft.au=Allen%2C+Briony&rft.au=Mitchell%2C+Millie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.instituteforgovernment.org.uk%2Fexplainer%2Fenglish-devolution&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+England" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSandford2022" class="citation web cs1">Sandford, Mark (10 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/SN07029/SN07029.pdf">"Devolution to local government in England"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_Library" title="House of Commons Library">House of Commons Library</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=townforum.org.uk&rft.atitle=Powers+and+Functions+of+Parish+Councils&rft.date=2007&rft.au=Association+of+Council+Secretaries+and+Solicitors&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftownforum.org.uk%2Fservicesstructure%2Fparishcouncilguide2007.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:12-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:12_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_43-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_43-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/70/">"Local Government Act 1972"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Legislation.gov.uk" title="Legislation.gov.uk">legislation.gov.uk</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/The_National_Archives_(United_Kingdom)" title="The National Archives (United Kingdom)">The National Archives</a>, 1972 c. 70</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=legislation.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Local+Government+Act+1972&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flegislation.gov.uk%2Fukpga%2F1972%2F70%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:13-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:13_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:13_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1985/51/">"Local Government Act 1985"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Legislation.gov.uk" title="Legislation.gov.uk">legislation.gov.uk</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/The_National_Archives_(United_Kingdom)" title="The National Archives (United Kingdom)">The National Archives</a>, 1985 c. 51</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=legislation.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Local+Government+Act+1985&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flegislation.gov.uk%2Fukpga%2F1985%2F51%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1992/19/">"Local Government Act 1992"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Legislation.gov.uk" title="Legislation.gov.uk">legislation.gov.uk</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/The_National_Archives_(United_Kingdom)" title="The National Archives (United Kingdom)">The National Archives</a>, 1992 c. 19</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=legislation.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Local+Government+Act+1992&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flegislation.gov.uk%2Fukpga%2F1992%2F19%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:17-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:17_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:17_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:17_46-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNiceShepley2022" class="citation web cs1">Nice, Alex; Shepley, Paul (31 January 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/explainer/local-government-unitarisation">"Local government unitarisation"</a>. <i>Institute for Government</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240305065217/https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/explainer/local-government-unitarisation">Archived</a> from the original on 5 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Institute+for+Government&rft.atitle=Local+government+unitarisation&rft.date=2022-01-31&rft.aulast=Nice&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft.au=Shepley%2C+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.instituteforgovernment.org.uk%2Fexplainer%2Flocal-government-unitarisation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:14-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:14_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:14_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2016/1/">"Cities and Local Government Devolution Act 2016"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Legislation.gov.uk" title="Legislation.gov.uk">legislation.gov.uk</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/The_National_Archives_(United_Kingdom)" title="The National Archives (United Kingdom)">The National Archives</a>, 2016 c. 1</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=legislation.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Cities+and+Local+Government+Devolution+Act+2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flegislation.gov.uk%2Fukpga%2F2016%2F1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1963/33/">"London Government Act 1963"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Legislation.gov.uk" title="Legislation.gov.uk">legislation.gov.uk</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/The_National_Archives_(United_Kingdom)" title="The National Archives (United Kingdom)">The National Archives</a>, 1963 c. 33</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=legislation.gov.uk&rft.atitle=London+Government+Act+1963&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flegislation.gov.uk%2Fukpga%2F1963%2F33%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/29/">"Greater London Authority Act 1999"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Legislation.gov.uk" title="Legislation.gov.uk">legislation.gov.uk</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/The_National_Archives_(United_Kingdom)" title="The National Archives (United Kingdom)">The National Archives</a>, 1999 c. 29</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=legislation.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Greater+London+Authority+Act+1999&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flegislation.gov.uk%2Fukpga%2F1999%2F29%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2007/24/">"Greater London Authority Act 2007"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Legislation.gov.uk" title="Legislation.gov.uk">legislation.gov.uk</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/The_National_Archives_(United_Kingdom)" title="The National Archives (United Kingdom)">The National Archives</a>, 2007 c. 24</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=legislation.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Greater+London+Authority+Act+2007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flegislation.gov.uk%2Fukpga%2F2007%2F24%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2017/3/">"Policing and Crime Act 2017"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Legislation.gov.uk" title="Legislation.gov.uk">legislation.gov.uk</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/The_National_Archives_(United_Kingdom)" title="The National Archives (United Kingdom)">The National Archives</a>, 2017 c. 3</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=legislation.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Policing+and+Crime+Act+2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flegislation.gov.uk%2Fukpga%2F2017%2F3%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:15-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:15_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:15_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2011/13/">"Police Reform and Social Responsibility Act 2011"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Legislation.gov.uk" title="Legislation.gov.uk">legislation.gov.uk</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/The_National_Archives_(United_Kingdom)" title="The National Archives (United Kingdom)">The National Archives</a>, 2011 c. 13</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=legislation.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Police+Reform+and+Social+Responsibility+Act+2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flegislation.gov.uk%2Fukpga%2F2011%2F13%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:16-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:16_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:16_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:16_53-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2017/3/">"Policing and Crime Act 2017"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Legislation.gov.uk" title="Legislation.gov.uk">legislation.gov.uk</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/The_National_Archives_(United_Kingdom)" title="The National Archives (United Kingdom)">The National Archives</a>, 2017 c. 3</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=legislation.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Policing+and+Crime+Act+2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flegislation.gov.uk%2Fukpga%2F2017%2F3%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2024/414/made">"The South Yorkshire Mayoral Combined Authority (Election of Mayor and Transfer of Police and Crime Commissioner Functions) Order 2024"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Legislation.gov.uk" title="Legislation.gov.uk">legislation.gov.uk</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/The_National_Archives_(United_Kingdom)" title="The National Archives (United Kingdom)">The National Archives</a>, SI 2024/414</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=legislation.gov.uk&rft.atitle=The+South+Yorkshire+Mayoral+Combined+Authority+%28Election+of+Mayor+and+Transfer+of+Police+and+Crime+Commissioner+Functions%29+Order+2024&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flegislation.gov.uk%2Fuksi%2F2024%2F414%2Fmade&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:10-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:10_55-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_55-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1995/25/section/63/">"Environment Act 1995: Section 63"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Legislation.gov.uk" title="Legislation.gov.uk">legislation.gov.uk</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/The_National_Archives_(United_Kingdom)" title="The National Archives (United Kingdom)">The National Archives</a>, 1995 c. 25  (s. 63)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=legislation.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Environment+Act+1995%26%2358%3B+Section+63&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flegislation.gov.uk%2Fukpga%2F1995%2F25%2Fsection%2F63%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1980/65/">"Local Government, Planning and Land Act 1980"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Legislation.gov.uk" title="Legislation.gov.uk">legislation.gov.uk</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/The_National_Archives_(United_Kingdom)" title="The National Archives (United Kingdom)">The National Archives</a>, 1980 c. 65</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=legislation.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Local+Government%2C+Planning+and+Land+Act+1980&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flegislation.gov.uk%2Fukpga%2F1980%2F65%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1981/64/">"New Towns Act 1981"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Legislation.gov.uk" title="Legislation.gov.uk">legislation.gov.uk</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/The_National_Archives_(United_Kingdom)" title="The National Archives (United Kingdom)">The National Archives</a>, 1981 c. 64</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=legislation.gov.uk&rft.atitle=New+Towns+Act+1981&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flegislation.gov.uk%2Fukpga%2F1981%2F64%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2011/20/">"Localism Act 2011"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Legislation.gov.uk" title="Legislation.gov.uk">legislation.gov.uk</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/The_National_Archives_(United_Kingdom)" title="The National Archives (United Kingdom)">The National Archives</a>, 2011 c. 20</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=legislation.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Localism+Act+2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flegislation.gov.uk%2Fukpga%2F2011%2F20%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1978/1844/made">"The Isles of Scilly Order 1978"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Legislation.gov.uk" title="Legislation.gov.uk">legislation.gov.uk</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/The_National_Archives_(United_Kingdom)" title="The National Archives (United Kingdom)">The National Archives</a>, SI 1978/1844</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=legislation.gov.uk&rft.atitle=The+Isles+of+Scilly+Order+1978&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flegislation.gov.uk%2Fuksi%2F1978%2F1844%2Fmade&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/70/section/265/">"Local Government Act 1972: Section 265"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Legislation.gov.uk" title="Legislation.gov.uk">legislation.gov.uk</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/The_National_Archives_(United_Kingdom)" title="The National Archives (United Kingdom)">The National Archives</a>, 1972 c. 70  (s. 265)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=legislation.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Local+Government+Act+1972%26%2358%3B+Section+265&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flegislation.gov.uk%2Fukpga%2F1972%2F70%2Fsection%2F265%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_61-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_61-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_61-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_61-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_61-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_61-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_61-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_61-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_61-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAtkinsHoddinott2020" class="citation web cs1">Atkins, Graham; Hoddinott, Stuart (10 March 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/explainer/local-government-funding-england">"Local government funding in England"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Government" title="Institute for Government">Institute for Government</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230429001130/https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/explainer/local-government-funding-england">Archived</a> from the original on 29 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Institute+for+Government&rft.atitle=Local+government+funding+in+England&rft.date=2020-03-10&rft.aulast=Atkins&rft.aufirst=Graham&rft.au=Hoddinott%2C+Stuart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.instituteforgovernment.org.uk%2Fexplainer%2Flocal-government-funding-england&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:7-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:7_62-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_62-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_62-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_62-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_62-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_62-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_62-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_62-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_62-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_62-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_62-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_62-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_62-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_62-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.local.gov.uk/publications/councillor-workbook-local-government-finance">"Councillor workbook – Local government finance"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Association" title="Local Government Association">Local Government Association</a></i>. 29 December 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221128112751/https://www.local.gov.uk/publications/councillor-workbook-local-government-finance">Archived</a> from the original on 28 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Local+Government+Association&rft.atitle=Councillor+workbook+%E2%80%93+Local+government+finance&rft.date=2019-12-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.local.gov.uk%2Fpublications%2Fcouncillor-workbook-local-government-finance&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas2007" class="citation web cs1">Thomas, Richard (1 February 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ico.org.uk/media/action-weve-taken/decision-notices/2007/391832/DECISION_NOTICE_FS50086121.pdf">"Freedom of Information Act 2000 (Section 50)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Information Commissioner's Office</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240815135733/https://ico.org.uk/media/action-weve-taken/decision-notices/2007/391832/DECISION_NOTICE_FS50086121.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 15 August 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Information+Commissioner%27s+Office&rft.atitle=Freedom+of+Information+Act+2000+%28Section+50%29&rft.date=2007-02-01&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fico.org.uk%2Fmedia%2Faction-weve-taken%2Fdecision-notices%2F2007%2F391832%2FDECISION_NOTICE_FS50086121.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2011/20/section/72/">"Localism Act 2011: Section 72"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Legislation.gov.uk" title="Legislation.gov.uk">legislation.gov.uk</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/The_National_Archives_(United_Kingdom)" title="The National Archives (United Kingdom)">The National Archives</a>, 2011 c. 20  (s. 72)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=legislation.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Localism+Act+2011%26%2358%3B+Section+72&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flegislation.gov.uk%2Fukpga%2F2011%2F20%2Fsection%2F72%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:9-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:9_65-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_65-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_65-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPublic_Administration_and_Constitutional_Affairs_Committee" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Public_Administration_and_Constitutional_Affairs_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Administration and Constitutional Affairs Committee">Public Administration and Constitutional Affairs Committee</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm5803/cmselect/cmpubadm/463/report.html">"Governing England"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/UK_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="UK Parliament">UK Parliament</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UK+Parliament&rft.atitle=Governing+England&rft.au=Public+Administration+and+Constitutional+Affairs+Committee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublications.parliament.uk%2Fpa%2Fcm5803%2Fcmselect%2Fcmpubadm%2F463%2Freport.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/election-maps/gb/">"Election Maps"</a>. Ordnance Survey<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Election+Maps&rft.pub=Ordnance+Survey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ordnancesurvey.co.uk%2Felection-maps%2Fgb%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+government+in+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output 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<li><a href="/wiki/Historic_counties_of_Wales" title="Historic counties of Wales">Historic counties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_Joint_Committee" title="Corporate Joint Committee">Corporate Joint Committees</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Local_government_in_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li 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class="mw-redirect" title="Local government in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Local_government_in_Andorra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Local government in Andorra (page does not exist)">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Local_government_in_Armenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Local government in Armenia (page does not exist)">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Local government in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Azerbaijan" title="Local government in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Local_government_in_Belarus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Local government in Belarus (page does not exist)">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Local_government_in_Belgium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Local government in Belgium (page does not exist)">Belgium</a></li> <li><a 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href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Estonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Local government in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Local_government_in_Finland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Local government in Finland (page does not exist)">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Local government in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Local government in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Local government in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Local_government_in_Greece&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Local government in Greece (page does not exist)">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Local_government_in_Hungary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Local government in Hungary (page does not exist)">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Local_government_in_Iceland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Local government in Iceland (page does not exist)">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Local government in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Local_government_in_Italy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Local government in Italy (page does not exist)">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Local_government_in_Kazakhstan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Local government in Kazakhstan (page does not exist)">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Local_government_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Local government in Latvia (page does not exist)">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Local_government_in_Liechtenstein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Local government in Liechtenstein (page does not exist)">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Local_government_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Local government in Lithuania (page does not exist)">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Local_government_in_Luxembourg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Local government in Luxembourg (page does not exist)">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Local_government_in_Malta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Local government in Malta (page does not exist)">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Local_government_in_Moldova&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Local government in Moldova (page does not exist)">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Local_government_in_Monaco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Local government in Monaco (page does not exist)">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Local_government_in_Montenegro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Local government in Montenegro (page does not exist)">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Local government in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Local_government_in_North_Macedonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Local government in North Macedonia (page does not exist)">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Local government in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Local_government_in_Poland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Local government in Poland (page does not exist)">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Local_government_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Local government in Portugal (page does not exist)">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Local_government_in_Romania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Local government in Romania (page does not exist)">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Local government in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Local_government_in_San_Marino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Local government in San Marino (page does not exist)">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Local_government_in_Serbia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Local government in Serbia (page does not exist)">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Local_government_in_Slovakia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Local government in Slovakia (page does not exist)">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Local_government_in_Slovenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Local government in Slovenia (page does not exist)">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Spain" title="Local government in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a 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title="Local government in Wales">Wales</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited<br />recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Local_government_in_Abkhazia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Local government in Abkhazia (page does not exist)">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Kosovo" class="mw-redirect" title="Local government in Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Local_government_in_Northern_Cyprus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Local government in Northern Cyprus (page does not exist)">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Local_government_in_South_Ossetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Local government in South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Local_government_in_Transnistria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Local government in Transnistria (page does not exist)">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and<br />other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Local_government_in_%C3%85land&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Local government in Åland (page does not exist)">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Local_government_in_the_Faroe_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Local government in the Faroe Islands (page does not exist)">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Local_government_in_Gibraltar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Local government in Gibraltar (page does not exist)">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a 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