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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shipping" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shipping"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Shipping</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shipping-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oil_and_gas_exploration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oil_and_gas_exploration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Oil and gas exploration</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Oil_and_gas_exploration-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Oil and gas exploration subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Oil_and_gas_exploration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Caernarfon_Bay_Basin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Caernarfon_Bay_Basin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Caernarfon Bay Basin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Caernarfon_Bay_Basin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cardigan_Bay_Basin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cardigan_Bay_Basin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Cardigan Bay Basin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cardigan_Bay_Basin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liverpool_Bay" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liverpool_Bay"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Liverpool Bay</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liverpool_Bay-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-East_Irish_Sea_Basin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#East_Irish_Sea_Basin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>East Irish Sea Basin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-East_Irish_Sea_Basin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dalkey_Island_exploration_prospect" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dalkey_Island_exploration_prospect"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Dalkey Island exploration prospect</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dalkey_Island_exploration_prospect-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cities_and_towns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cities_and_towns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Cities and towns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cities_and_towns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Counties_bordering_the_Irish_Sea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Counties_bordering_the_Irish_Sea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Counties bordering the Irish Sea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Counties_bordering_the_Irish_Sea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Islands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Environment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Radioactivity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Radioactivity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Radioactivity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Radioactivity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Proposed_fixed_sea_link_connections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proposed_fixed_sea_link_connections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Proposed fixed sea link connections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Proposed_fixed_sea_link_connections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wind_power" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wind_power"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Wind power</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wind_power-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Explanatory_notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Explanatory_notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Explanatory notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Explanatory_notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15.2</span> <span>General sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Irish Sea</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 104 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-104" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">104 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ierse_See" title="Ierse See – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ierse See" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%AArisc_S%C7%A3" title="Īrisc Sǣ – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Īrisc Sǣ" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A" title="البحر الأيرلندي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="البحر الأيرلندي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_d%27Irlanda" title="Mar d'Irlanda – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Mar d'Irlanda" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_d%27Irlanda" title="Mar d'Irlanda – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Mar d'Irlanda" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0rland_d%C9%99nizi" title="İrland dənizi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İrland dənizi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF_%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="ایرلند دنیزی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایرلند دنیزی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0" title="আইরিশ সাগর – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আইরিশ সাগর" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80i-n%C3%AD-l%C3%A2n_H%C3%A1i" title="Ài-ní-lân Hái – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ài-ní-lân Hái" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D2%A3%D0%B3%D0%B5%D2%99%D0%B5" title="Ирландия диңгеҙе – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ирландия диңгеҙе" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Ірландскае мора – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ірландскае мора" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Ірляндзкае мора – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ірляндзкае мора" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="आयरिश सागर – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="आयरिश सागर" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Ирландско море – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ирландско море" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irische_S%C3%A4%C3%A4" title="Irische Sää – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Irische Sää" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irsko_more" title="Irsko more – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Irsko more" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mor_Iwerzhon" title="Mor Iwerzhon – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Mor Iwerzhon" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_d%27Irlanda" title="Mar d'Irlanda – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mar d'Irlanda" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%C4%95%D1%81%C4%95" title="Ирланд тинĕсĕ – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ирланд тинĕсĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irsk%C3%A9_mo%C5%99e" title="Irské moře – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Irské moře" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B4r_Iwerddon" title="Môr Iwerddon – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Môr Iwerddon" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irske_Hav" title="Irske Hav – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Irske Hav" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irische_See" title="Irische See – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Irische See" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iiri_meri" title="Iiri meri – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Iiri meri" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CF%81%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B8%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Ιρλανδική θάλασσα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιρλανδική θάλασσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_de_Irlanda" title="Mar de Irlanda – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mar de Irlanda" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irlanda_Maro" title="Irlanda Maro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Irlanda Maro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irlandako_itsasoa" title="Irlandako itsasoa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Irlandako itsasoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF" title="دریای ایرلند – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دریای ایرلند" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mer_d%27Irlande" title="Mer d'Irlande – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mer d'Irlande" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ierske_See" title="Ierske See – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Ierske See" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muir_%C3%89ireann" title="Muir Éireann – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Muir Éireann" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mooir_Vannin" title="Mooir Vannin – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Mooir Vannin" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuan_na_h-%C3%88ireann" title="Cuan na h-Èireann – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Cuan na h-Èireann" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_de_Irlanda" title="Mar de Irlanda – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Mar de Irlanda" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%9D%BC%EB%9E%9C%EB%93%9C%ED%95%B4" title="아일랜드해 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아일랜드해" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%BC%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AE%D5%B8%D5%BE" title="Իռլանդական ծով – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Իռլանդական ծով" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irske_morjo" title="Irske morjo – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Irske morjo" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irsko_more" title="Irsko more – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Irsko more" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laut_Irlandia" title="Laut Irlandia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Laut Irlandia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Drlandshaf" title="Írlandshaf – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Írlandshaf" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mare_d%27Irlanda" title="Mare d'Irlanda – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mare d'Irlanda" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%99" title="הים האירי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הים האירי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%96%E1%83%A6%E1%83%95%E1%83%90" title="ირლანდიის ზღვა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ირლანდიის ზღვა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D1%82%D0%B5%D2%A3%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96" title="Ирланд теңізі – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ирланд теңізі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahari_ya_Eire" title="Bahari ya Eire – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Bahari ya Eire" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deryaya_%C3%8Erlend%C3%AE" title="Deryaya Îrlendî – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Deryaya Îrlendî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D2%A3%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8" title="Ирланд деңизи – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Ирланд деңизи" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mare_Hibernicum" title="Mare Hibernicum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Mare Hibernicum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%AArijas_j%C5%ABra" title="Īrijas jūra – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Īrijas jūra" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irescht_Mier" title="Irescht Mier – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Irescht Mier" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airijos_j%C5%ABra" title="Airijos jūra – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Airijos jūra" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irlandienmeri" title="Irlandienmeri – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Irlandienmeri" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_d%27Irlanda" title="Mar d'Irlanda – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Mar d'Irlanda" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dr-tenger" title="Ír-tenger – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ír-tenger" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Ирско Море – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ирско Море" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%90%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BD" title="ഐറിഷ് കടൽ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഐറിഷ് കടൽ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="आयरिश समुद्र – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="आयरिश समुद्र" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%96%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A6%E1%83%90" title="ირლანდიაშ ზუღა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ირლანდიაშ ზუღა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%89" title="البحر الايرلاندى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="البحر الايرلاندى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF_%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="ایرلند دریا – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ایرلند دریا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laut_Ireland" title="Laut Ireland – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Laut Ireland" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ierse_Zee" title="Ierse Zee – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ierse Zee" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ierse_Zee" title="Ierse Zee – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Ierse Zee" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AA%E3%83%83%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5%E6%B5%B7" title="アイリッシュ海 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アイリッシュ海" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%85%D3%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Ирландхойн хӀорд – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Ирландхойн хӀорд" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iirsk_Sia" title="Iirsk Sia – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Iirsk Sia" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irskesj%C3%B8en" title="Irskesjøen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Irskesjøen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irskesj%C3%B8en" title="Irskesjøen – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Irskesjøen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_d%27Irlanda" title="Mar d'Irlanda – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Mar d'Irlanda" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irlandiya_dengizi" title="Irlandiya dengizi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Irlandiya dengizi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B0" title="ਆਇਰਲੈਂਡੀ ਸਮੁੰਦਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਆਇਰਲੈਂਡੀ ਸਮੁੰਦਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A6%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1" title="آئری سمندر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="آئری سمندر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iersche_See" title="Iersche See – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Iersche See" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morze_Irlandzkie" title="Morze Irlandzkie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Morze Irlandzkie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_da_Irlanda" title="Mar da Irlanda – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mar da Irlanda" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marea_Irlandez%C4%83" title="Marea Irlandeză – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Marea Irlandeză" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%80%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Ірьске море – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Ірьске море" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Ирландское море – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ирландское море" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erse_Sea" title="Erse Sea – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Erse Sea" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deti_i_Irland%C3%ABs" title="Deti i Irlandës – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Deti i Irlandës" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Sea" title="Irish Sea – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Irish Sea" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Drske_more" title="Írske more – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Írske more" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irsko_morje" title="Irsko morje – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Irsko morje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AF" title="دەریای ئیرلەند – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دەریای ئیرلەند" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Ирско море – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ирско море" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irsko_more" title="Irsko more – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Irsko more" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irlanninmeri" title="Irlanninmeri – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Irlanninmeri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irl%C3%A4ndska_sj%C3%B6n" title="Irländska sjön – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Irländska sjön" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagat_Irlandes" title="Dagat Irlandes – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Dagat Irlandes" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%90%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="ஐரியக் கடல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஐரியக் கடல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A" title="ทะเลไอริช – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ทะเลไอริช" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0rlanda_Denizi" title="İrlanda Denizi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İrlanda Denizi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Ірландське море – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ірландське море" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%81_%D8%A2%D8%A6%D8%B1%D8%B4" title="بحیرہ آئرش – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بحیرہ آئرش" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi%E1%BB%83n_Ireland" title="Biển Ireland – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Biển Ireland" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iersche_Z%C3%AAe" title="Iersche Zêe – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Iersche Zêe" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagat_Irlanda" title="Dagat Irlanda – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Dagat Irlanda" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B0%E6%B5%B7" title="爱尔兰海 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="爱尔兰海" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%A8_%D7%99%D7%9D" title="אירישער ים – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אירישער ים" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E7%88%BE%E8%98%AD%E6%B5%B7" title="愛爾蘭海 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="愛爾蘭海" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%C4%97j%C4%97s_j%C5%ABra" title="Airėjės jūra – 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.geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Irish_Sea&params=53.5_N_5_W_type:waterbody"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">53°30′N</span> <span class="longitude">5°00′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">53.5°N 5.0°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">53.5; -5.0</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Sea between Ireland and Great Britain</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="background-color: #cedeff; font-size: 125%;">Irish Sea</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="line-height: 1.2; border-bottom: 1px solid #cedeff;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Irish_Sea_satellite_image.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Irish_Sea_satellite_image.jpg/264px-Irish_Sea_satellite_image.jpg" decoding="async" width="264" height="349" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Irish_Sea_satellite_image.jpg/396px-Irish_Sea_satellite_image.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e1/Irish_Sea_satellite_image.jpg 2x" data-file-width="436" data-file-height="576" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Satellite image</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="line-height: 1.2; border-bottom: 1px solid #cedeff;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Irish_Sea_%E2%80%93_relief,_ports,_limits.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Irish_Sea_%E2%80%93_relief%2C_ports%2C_limits.tif/lossy-page1-256px-Irish_Sea_%E2%80%93_relief%2C_ports%2C_limits.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="256" height="370" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Irish_Sea_%E2%80%93_relief%2C_ports%2C_limits.tif/lossy-page1-384px-Irish_Sea_%E2%80%93_relief%2C_ports%2C_limits.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Irish_Sea_%E2%80%93_relief%2C_ports%2C_limits.tif/lossy-page1-512px-Irish_Sea_%E2%80%93_relief%2C_ports%2C_limits.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1043" data-file-height="1507" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Limits and ports: <span style="color: red;">◘</span> ferry port / <span style="color:blue">◘</span> freight only</div></td></tr><tr class="adr"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data region"><a href="/wiki/British_Isles" title="British Isles">Britain and Ireland</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span title="Geographical coordinates">Coordinates</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Irish_Sea&params=53.5_N_5_W_type:waterbody"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">53°30′N</span> <span class="longitude">5°00′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">53.5°N 5.0°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">53.5; -5.0</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Body_of_water#Waterbody_types" title="Body of water">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Sea" title="Sea">Sea</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">River sources</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rivers_of_Ireland#Rivers_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland,_flowing_into_the_Irish_Sea" title="Rivers of Ireland">Rivers that flow into the Irish Sea</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span title="Primary outflows: oceans, seas, straights">Ocean/sea sources</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Sea" title="Celtic Sea">Celtic Sea</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Drainage_basin" title="Drainage basin">Basin</a> countries</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>; <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Republic of Ireland</a>; <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-bottom: #cedeff 1px solid"></th></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Max. width</th><td class="infobox-data">200 km (120 mi)</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Surface area</th><td class="infobox-data">46,007 km<sup>2</sup> (17,763 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Average depth</th><td class="infobox-data">80–275 m (262–902 ft)</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Water volume</th><td class="infobox-data">2,800 km<sup>3</sup> (2.3<span style="margin:0 .15em 0 .25em">×</span>10<sup>9</sup> acre⋅ft)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-bottom: #cedeff 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Category:Islands_of_the_Irish_Sea" title="Category:Islands of the Irish Sea">Islands</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Anglesey" title="Anglesey">Anglesey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Holy_Island,_Anglesey" title="Holy Island, Anglesey">Holy Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a> and <a href="/wiki/Calf_of_Man" title="Calf of Man">Calf of Man</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bardsey_Island" title="Bardsey Island">Bardsey Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walney_Island" title="Walney Island">Walney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lambay_Island" title="Lambay Island">Lambay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ireland%27s_Eye" title="Ireland's Eye">Ireland's Eye</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Settlements</th><td class="infobox-data">(see <a href="#Cities_and_towns">below</a>)</td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Locatie_Ierse_Zee.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Locatie_Ierse_Zee.PNG/260px-Locatie_Ierse_Zee.PNG" decoding="async" width="260" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Locatie_Ierse_Zee.PNG/390px-Locatie_Ierse_Zee.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Locatie_Ierse_Zee.PNG/520px-Locatie_Ierse_Zee.PNG 2x" data-file-width="649" data-file-height="475" /></a><figcaption>Location of the Irish Sea</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Irish_Sea_View_From_Dun_Laoghaire_Pier.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Irish_Sea_View_From_Dun_Laoghaire_Pier.jpg/260px-Irish_Sea_View_From_Dun_Laoghaire_Pier.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Irish_Sea_View_From_Dun_Laoghaire_Pier.jpg/390px-Irish_Sea_View_From_Dun_Laoghaire_Pier.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Irish_Sea_View_From_Dun_Laoghaire_Pier.jpg/520px-Irish_Sea_View_From_Dun_Laoghaire_Pier.jpg 2x" data-file-width="9296" data-file-height="2332" /></a><figcaption>From the pier at <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BAn_Laoghaire" title="Dún Laoghaire">Dún Laoghaire</a> a suburban seaside town in <a href="/wiki/County_Dublin" title="County Dublin">County Dublin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IMG_DublinBay1467a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/IMG_DublinBay1467a.jpg/260px-IMG_DublinBay1467a.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/IMG_DublinBay1467a.jpg/390px-IMG_DublinBay1467a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/IMG_DublinBay1467a.jpg/520px-IMG_DublinBay1467a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Dublin_Bay" title="Dublin Bay">Dublin Bay</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IMG_Brittas_Bay1529.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/IMG_Brittas_Bay1529.jpg/260px-IMG_Brittas_Bay1529.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/IMG_Brittas_Bay1529.jpg/390px-IMG_Brittas_Bay1529.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/IMG_Brittas_Bay1529.jpg/520px-IMG_Brittas_Bay1529.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Brittas_Bay" title="Brittas Bay">Brittas Bay</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Irish Sea</b><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a 46,007 km<sup>2</sup> (17,763 sq mi) body of water that separates the islands of <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a>. It is linked to the <a href="/wiki/Celtic_Sea" title="Celtic Sea">Celtic Sea</a> in the south by <a href="/wiki/St_George%27s_Channel" title="St George's Channel">St George's Channel</a> and to the <a href="/wiki/Inner_Seas_off_the_West_Coast_of_Scotland" title="Inner Seas off the West Coast of Scotland">Inner Seas off the West Coast of Scotland</a><sup id="cite_ref-IHO_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IHO-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the north by the <a href="/wiki/North_Channel_(Great_Britain_and_Ireland)" title="North Channel (Great Britain and Ireland)">North Channel</a>. <a href="/wiki/Anglesey" title="Anglesey">Anglesey</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Wales" title="North Wales">North Wales</a>, is the largest <a href="/wiki/Island" title="Island">island</a> in the Irish Sea, followed by the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a>. The term <i>Manx Sea</i> may occasionally be encountered (<a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a>: <i lang="cy">Môr Manaw</i>, <a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a>: <i lang="ga">Muir Meann</i><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Manx_language" title="Manx language">Manx</a>: <i lang="gv">Mooir Vannin</i>, <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Gaelic language">Scottish Gaelic</a>: <i lang="gd">Muir Mhanainn</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On its shoreline are <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> to the north, <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> to the east, <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a> to the southeast, <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Republic of Ireland</a> to the west. The Irish Sea is of significant economic importance to regional trade, shipping and transport, as well as fishing and <a href="/wiki/Power_generation" class="mw-redirect" title="Power generation">power generation</a> in the form of <a href="/wiki/Wind_power" title="Wind power">wind power</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_plant" title="Nuclear power plant">nuclear power plants</a>. Annual traffic between Great Britain and Ireland is over 12 million passengers and 17 million tonnes (17,000,000 long tons; 19,000,000 short tons) of traded goods. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Topography">Topography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_Sea&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Topography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Irish Sea joins the <a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic" class="mw-redirect" title="North Atlantic">North Atlantic</a> at both its northern and southern ends. To the north, the connection is through the <a href="/wiki/North_Channel_(Great_Britain_and_Ireland)" title="North Channel (Great Britain and Ireland)">North Channel</a> between <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Malin_Sea" title="Malin Sea">Malin Sea</a>. The southern end is linked to the Atlantic through the <a href="/wiki/St_George%27s_Channel" title="St George's Channel">St George's Channel</a> between <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pembrokeshire" title="Pembrokeshire">Pembrokeshire</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Celtic_Sea" title="Celtic Sea">Celtic Sea</a>. It is composed of a deeper channel about 300 km (190 mi) long and 30–50 km (20–30 mi) wide on its western side and shallower bays to the east. The depth of the western channel ranges from 80 m (260 ft) to 275 m (900 ft). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Cardigan_Bay" title="Cardigan Bay">Cardigan Bay</a> in the south, and the waters to the east of the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a>, are less than 50 m (160 ft) deep. With a total water volume of 2,430 km<sup>3</sup> (580 cu mi) and a surface area of 47,000 km<sup>2</sup> (18,000 sq mi), 80% is to the west of the Isle of Man. The largest sandbanks are the <a href="/wiki/Bahama_Bank" title="Bahama Bank">Bahama</a> and <a href="/wiki/King_William_Banks" title="King William Banks">King William Banks</a> to the east and north of the Isle of Man and the <a href="/wiki/Kish_Bank" title="Kish Bank">Kish Bank</a>, Codling Bank, Arklow Bank and Blackwater Bank near the coast of Ireland. The Irish Sea, at its greatest width, is 200 km (120 mi) and narrows to 75 km (47 mi).<sup id="cite_ref-DTI_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DTI-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/International_Hydrographic_Organization" title="International Hydrographic Organization">International Hydrographic Organization</a> defines the limits of the Irish Sea (with St George's Channel) as follows, </p> <dl><dd><i>On the North.</i> The Southern limit of the <a href="/wiki/Inner_Seas_off_the_West_Coast_of_Scotland" title="Inner Seas off the West Coast of Scotland">Inner Seas off the West Coast of Scotland</a>, defined as a line joining the South extreme of the <a href="/wiki/Mull_of_Galloway" title="Mull of Galloway">Mull of Galloway</a> (54°38'N) in <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> and Ballyquintin Point (54°20'N) in Northern Ireland.</dd> <dd><i>On the South.</i> A line joining <a href="/wiki/St_David%27s_Head" title="St David's Head">St. David's Head</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a> (<span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Irish_Sea&params=51_54_N_5_19_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°54′N</span> <span class="longitude">5°19′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.900°N 5.317°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.900; -5.317</span></span></span></a></span></span>) to <a href="/wiki/Carnsore_Point" title="Carnsore Point">Carnsore Point</a> in Ireland (<span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Irish_Sea&params=52_10_N_6_22_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">52°10′N</span> <span class="longitude">6°22′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">52.167°N 6.367°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">52.167; -6.367</span></span></span></a></span></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-IHO_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IHO-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>The Irish Sea has undergone a series of dramatic changes over the last 20,000 years as the <a href="/wiki/Last_glacial_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Last glacial period">last glacial period</a> ended and was replaced by warmer conditions. At the height of the glaciation, the central part of the modern sea was probably a long <a href="/wiki/Freshwater" class="mw-redirect" title="Freshwater">freshwater</a> lake. As the <a href="/wiki/Ice" title="Ice">ice</a> retreated 10,000 years ago, the lake reconnected to the sea. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_Sea&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Ireland" title="Geology of Ireland">Geology of Ireland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Norman_invasion_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Norman invasion of Ireland">Norman invasion of Ireland</a></div> <p>The Irish Sea was formed in the <a href="/wiki/Neogene" title="Neogene">Neogene</a> era.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Notable crossings include several invasions from Britain. The <a href="/wiki/Norman_invasion_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Norman invasion of Ireland">Norman invasion of Ireland</a> took place in stages during the late 12th century from <a href="/wiki/Porthclais" title="Porthclais">Porthclais</a> near <a href="/wiki/St._Davids" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Davids">St. Davids</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Hulk_(medieval_ship_type)" title="Hulk (medieval ship type)">Hulks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Longship" title="Longship">Snekkars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Humber_Keel" class="mw-redirect" title="Humber Keel">Keels</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cog_(ship)" title="Cog (ship)">Cogs</a><sup id="cite_ref-historicengland.org.uk_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-historicengland.org.uk-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to <a href="/wiki/Wexford_Harbour" title="Wexford Harbour">Wexford Harbour</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leinster" title="Leinster">Leinster</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Tudor_conquest_of_Ireland" title="Tudor conquest of Ireland">Tudors crossed the Irish Sea to invade</a> in 1529 in <a href="/wiki/Caravel" title="Caravel">caravels</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carrack" title="Carrack">carracks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-historicengland.org.uk_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-historicengland.org.uk-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1690 the English fleet set sail for the <a href="/wiki/Williamite_War_in_Ireland" title="Williamite War in Ireland">Williamite War in Ireland</a> from <a href="/wiki/Hoylake" title="Hoylake">Hoylake</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wirral_Peninsula" title="Wirral Peninsula">Wirral</a>, the departure becoming permanently known as King's Gap as a result.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Shipping">Shipping</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_Sea&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Shipping"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Because Ireland has neither tunnel nor bridge to connect it with <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a>, the vast majority of heavy goods trade is done by sea. <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a> ports handle 10 million tonnes (9,800,000 long tons; 11,000,000 short tons) of goods trade with the rest of the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> annually; the ports in the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Republic of Ireland</a> handle 7.6 million tonnes (7,500,000 long tons; 8,400,000 short tons), representing 50% and 40% respectively of total trade by weight. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Liverpool" title="Port of Liverpool">Port of Liverpool</a> handles 32 million tonnes (31,000,000 long tons; 35,000,000 short tons) of cargo and 734,000 passengers a year.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Holyhead" title="Holyhead">Holyhead</a> port handles most of the passenger traffic from <a href="/wiki/Dublin_port" class="mw-redirect" title="Dublin port">Dublin</a> and <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BAn_Laoghaire" title="Dún Laoghaire">Dún Laoghaire</a> ports, as well as 3.3 million tonnes (3,200,000 long tons; 3,600,000 short tons) of freight.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ports in the Republic handle 3,600,000 travellers crossing the sea each year, amounting to 92% of all Irish Sea travel.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ferry connections from <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a> to <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a> across the Irish Sea include <a href="/wiki/Fishguard_Harbour" class="mw-redirect" title="Fishguard Harbour">Fishguard Harbour</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pembroke,_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Pembroke, Wales">Pembroke</a> to <a href="/wiki/Rosslare_Europort" title="Rosslare Europort">Rosslare</a>, Holyhead to Dún Laoghaire and Holyhead to Dublin. From <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cairnryan" title="Cairnryan">Cairnryan</a> connects with both <a href="/wiki/Belfast" title="Belfast">Belfast</a> and <a href="/wiki/Larne" title="Larne">Larne</a>. There is also a connection between <a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a> and Belfast via the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a> or direct from <a href="/wiki/Birkenhead" title="Birkenhead">Birkenhead</a>. The world's largest <a href="/wiki/RORO" class="mw-redirect" title="RORO">car ferry</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/MS_Ulysses" class="mw-redirect" title="MS Ulysses">Ulysses</a></i>, is operated by <a href="/wiki/Irish_Ferries" title="Irish Ferries">Irish Ferries</a> on the Dublin Port–Holyhead route; <a href="/wiki/Stena_Line" title="Stena Line">Stena Line</a> also operates between Britain and Ireland. </p><p>"Irish Sea" is also the name of one of the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Shipping_Forecast" title="Shipping Forecast">Shipping Forecast</a> areas defined by the coordinates: </p> <ul><li><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Irish_Sea&params=54_50_N_05_05_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">54°50′N</span> <span class="longitude">05°05′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">54.833°N 5.083°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">54.833; -5.083</span></span></span></a></span></span></li> <li><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Irish_Sea&params=54_45_N_05_45_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">54°45′N</span> <span class="longitude">05°45′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">54.750°N 5.750°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">54.750; -5.750</span></span></span></a></span></span></li> <li><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Irish_Sea&params=52_30_N_06_15_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">52°30′N</span> <span class="longitude">06°15′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">52.500°N 6.250°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">52.500; -6.250</span></span></span></a></span></span></li> <li><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Irish_Sea&params=52_00_N_05_05_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">52°00′N</span> <span class="longitude">05°05′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">52.000°N 5.083°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">52.000; -5.083</span></span></span></a></span></span></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Iarnr%C3%B3d_%C3%89ireann" title="Iarnród Éireann">Iarnród Éireann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irish_Ferries" title="Irish Ferries">Irish Ferries</a>, <a href="/wiki/NI_Railways" title="NI Railways">Northern Ireland Railways</a>, <a href="/wiki/ScotRail" title="ScotRail">ScotRail</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stena_Line" title="Stena Line">Stena Line</a> and <a href="/wiki/Transport_for_Wales_Rail" title="Transport for Wales Rail">Transport for Wales Rail</a> promote <a href="/wiki/SailRail" title="SailRail">SailRail</a> with through rail tickets for the train and the ferry.<sup id="cite_ref-irishrail.ie_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-irishrail.ie-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The British ship <a href="/wiki/Landing_craft_tank#Wrecks" title="Landing craft tank">LCT 326</a> sank in the Irish sea and was discovered in March 2020. In September 2021, the British Navy ship <a href="/wiki/HMS_Mercury" title="HMS Mercury">HMS Mercury</a> was discovered; it sank in 1940. The British ship <a href="/wiki/SS_Mesaba_(1898)" title="SS Mesaba (1898)">SS Mesaba</a> was sunk by the Imperial German Navy <a href="/wiki/SM_UB-118" title="SM UB-118">U-118</a> in 1918 and discovered in 2022. <sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This ship is well known for sailing near the <a href="/wiki/Titanic" title="Titanic">Titanic</a> and for attempting to warn the Titanic about dangerous icebergs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Oil_and_gas_exploration">Oil and gas exploration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_Sea&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Oil and gas exploration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Caernarfon_Bay_Basin">Caernarfon Bay Basin</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_Sea&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Caernarfon Bay Basin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Embayments_and_headlands_in_a_stormy_Caernarfon_Bay_-_geograph.org.uk_-_630202.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Embayments_and_headlands_in_a_stormy_Caernarfon_Bay_-_geograph.org.uk_-_630202.jpg/260px-Embayments_and_headlands_in_a_stormy_Caernarfon_Bay_-_geograph.org.uk_-_630202.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="347" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Embayments_and_headlands_in_a_stormy_Caernarfon_Bay_-_geograph.org.uk_-_630202.jpg/390px-Embayments_and_headlands_in_a_stormy_Caernarfon_Bay_-_geograph.org.uk_-_630202.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/Embayments_and_headlands_in_a_stormy_Caernarfon_Bay_-_geograph.org.uk_-_630202.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>Caernarfon Bay</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Caernarfon_Bay" title="Caernarfon Bay">Caernarfon Bay</a> basin contains up to 7 cubic kilometres (1.7 cu mi) of Permian and Triassic syn-rift sediments in an asymmetrical <a href="/wiki/Graben" title="Graben">graben</a> that is bounded to the north and south by Lower <a href="/wiki/Paleozoic" title="Paleozoic">Paleozoic</a> <a href="/wiki/Massif" title="Massif">massifs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Only two exploration wells have been drilled so far, and there remain numerous undrilled targets in tilted fault block <a href="/wiki/Petroleum_play" title="Petroleum play">plays</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-UKDOTI_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UKDOTI-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As in the East Irish Sea Basin, the principal target reservoir is the Lower Triassic, Sherwood Sandstone, top-sealed by younger Triassic mudstones and evaporites. Wells in the Irish Sector to the west have demonstrated that pre-rift, <a href="/wiki/Westphalian_(stage)" title="Westphalian (stage)">Westphalian</a> <a href="/wiki/Coal_measure" class="mw-redirect" title="Coal measure">coal measures</a> are excellent hydrocarbon source rocks, and are at peak maturity for gas generation (Maddox et al., 1995). <a href="/wiki/Seismogram" title="Seismogram">Seismic profiles</a> clearly image these strata continuing beneath a basal Permian unconformity into at least the western part of the Caernarfon Bay Basin. </p><p>The timing of gas generation presents the greatest exploration risk. Maximum burial of, and primary gas migration from, the source rocks could have terminated as early as the <a href="/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">Jurassic</a>, whereas many of the tilted fault blocks were reactivated or created during <a href="/wiki/Paleogene" title="Paleogene">Paleogene</a> inversion of the basin. However, it is also possible that a secondary gas charge occurred during regional heating associated with intrusion of Paleogene <a href="/wiki/Dyke_(geology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dyke (geology)">dykes</a>, such as those that crop out nearby on the coastline of north Wales. (Floodpage et al., 1999) have invoked this second phase of Paleogene hydrocarbon generation as an important factor in the charging of the East Irish Sea Basin's oil and gas fields. It is not clear as yet whether aeromagnetic anomalies in the southeast of Caernarfon Bay are imaging a continuation of the dyke swarm into this area too, or whether they are instead associated with deeply buried Permian syn-rift <a href="/wiki/Volcanic" class="mw-redirect" title="Volcanic">volcanics</a>. Alternatively, the fault block traps could have been recharged by <a href="/wiki/Exsolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Exsolution">exsolution</a> of <a href="/wiki/Methane" title="Methane">methane</a> from formation <a href="/wiki/Brine" title="Brine">brines</a> as a direct result of the Tertiary uplift (cf. Doré and Jensen, 1996). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cardigan_Bay_Basin">Cardigan Bay Basin</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_Sea&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Cardigan Bay Basin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cardigan_bay_graham_well.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Cardigan_bay_graham_well.jpg/260px-Cardigan_bay_graham_well.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Cardigan_bay_graham_well.jpg/390px-Cardigan_bay_graham_well.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Cardigan_bay_graham_well.jpg/520px-Cardigan_bay_graham_well.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1136" /></a><figcaption>Cardigan Bay</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Cardigan_Bay" title="Cardigan Bay">Cardigan Bay</a> Basin forms a continuation into British waters of Ireland's North Celtic Sea Basin, which has two producing gas fields. The basin comprises a south-easterly deepening <a href="/wiki/Half-graben" title="Half-graben">half-graben</a> near the Welsh coastline, although its internal structure becomes increasingly complex towards the southwest. Permian to Triassic, syn-rift sediments within the basin are less than 3 km (1.9 mi) thick and are overlain by up to 4 km (2.5 mi) of Jurassic strata, and locally also by up to 2 km (1.2 mi) of Paleogene fluvio-deltaic sediments. The basin has a proven petroleum system, with potentially producible gas reserves at the Dragon discovery near the UK/ROI median line, and oil shows in a further three wells. The Cardigan Bay Basin contains multiple reservoir targets, which include the Lower Triassic (Sherwood Sandstone), <a href="/wiki/Middle_Jurassic" title="Middle Jurassic">Middle Jurassic</a> shallow marine sandstones and limestone (Great <a href="/wiki/Oolite" title="Oolite">Oolite</a>), and Upper Jurassic fluvial sandstone, the reservoir for the Dragon discovery. </p><p>The most likely hydrocarbon source rocks are <a href="/wiki/Early_Jurassic" title="Early Jurassic">Early Jurassic</a> marine mudstones. These are fully mature for oil generation in the west of the British sector and are mature for gas generation nearby in the Irish sector. Gas-prone, Westphalian pre-rift coal measures may also be present at depth locally. The Cardigan Bay Basin was subjected to two Tertiary phases of compressive uplift, whereas maximum burial that terminated primary hydrocarbon generation was probably around the end of the <a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">Cretaceous</a>, or earlier if Cretaceous strata, now missing, were never deposited in the basin. Despite the Tertiary structuration, the Dragon discovery has proved that potentially commercial volumes of hydrocarbons were retained at least locally in Cardigan Bay. In addition to undrilled structural traps, the basin contains the untested potential for stratigraphic entrapment of hydrocarbons near synsedimentary faults, especially in the Middle Jurassic section.<sup id="cite_ref-UKDOTI_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UKDOTI-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liverpool_Bay">Liverpool Bay</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_Sea&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Liverpool Bay"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Liverpool Bay Development was <a href="/wiki/BHP" title="BHP">BHP</a>'s largest operated asset. It comprises the integrated development of five offshore oil and gas fields in the Irish Sea: </p> <ul><li>Douglas oil field</li> <li>Hamilton gas field</li> <li>Hamilton North gas field</li> <li>Hamilton East gas field</li> <li>Lennox oil and gas field</li></ul> <p>Oil is produced from the Lennox and Douglas fields. It is then treated at the Douglas Complex and piped 17 km (11 mi) to an oil storage barge ready for export by tankers. Gas is produced from the Hamilton, Hamilton North and Hamilton East reservoirs. After initial processing at the <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Complex" title="Douglas Complex">Douglas Complex</a> the gas is piped by <a href="/wiki/Subsea_pipeline" class="mw-redirect" title="Subsea pipeline">subsea pipeline</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Point_of_Ayr" title="Point of Ayr">Point of Ayr</a> gas terminal for further processing. The gas is then sent by onshore pipeline to <a href="/wiki/PowerGen" class="mw-redirect" title="PowerGen">PowerGen</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Combined_cycle_gas_turbine" class="mw-redirect" title="Combined cycle gas turbine">combined cycle gas turbine</a> <a href="/wiki/Power_station" title="Power station">power station</a> at <a href="/wiki/Connah%27s_Quay" title="Connah's Quay">Connah's Quay</a>. PowerGen is the sole purchaser of gas from the Liverpool Bay development. </p><p>The Liverpool Bay development comprises four offshore platforms. Offshore storage and loading facilities. The onshore gas processing terminal at Point of Ayr. Production first started at each field as follows: Hamilton North in 1995, Hamilton in 1996, Douglas in 1996, Lennox (oil only) in 1996 and Hamilton East 2001. The first contract gas sales were in 1996. </p><p>The quality of the water in Liverpool Bay was historically contaminated by dumping of sewage sludge at sea<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but this practice became illegal in December 1988 and no further sludge was deposited after that date.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="East_Irish_Sea_Basin">East Irish Sea Basin</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_Sea&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: East Irish Sea Basin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Irish_Sea" title="Special:EditPage/Irish Sea">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2008</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>With 210 billion cubic metres (7.5 trillion cubic feet) of natural gas and 176 million barrels (28,000,000 m<sup>3</sup>) of petroleum estimated by the field operators as initially recoverable <a href="/wiki/Hydrocarbon" title="Hydrocarbon">hydrocarbon</a> reserves from eight producing fields (DTI, 2001), the East Irish Sea Basin is at a mature exploration phase. Early <a href="/wiki/Silesian_(age)" class="mw-redirect" title="Silesian (age)">Namurian</a> basinal <a href="/wiki/Mudstone" title="Mudstone">mudstones</a> are the source rocks for these hydrocarbons. Production from all fields is from fault-bounded traps of the Lower <a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">Triassic</a> formation, principally the aeolian Sherwood Sandstone reservoir, top-sealed by younger Triassic continental mudstones and <a href="/wiki/Evaporite" title="Evaporite">evaporites</a>. Future <a href="/wiki/Mineral_exploration" class="mw-redirect" title="Mineral exploration">mineral exploration</a> will initially concentrate on extending this <a href="/wiki/Petroleum_play" title="Petroleum play">play</a>, but there remains largely untested potential also for gas and oil within widespread <a href="/wiki/Carboniferous" title="Carboniferous">Carboniferous</a> <a href="/wiki/Fluvial" class="mw-redirect" title="Fluvial">fluvial</a> <a href="/wiki/Sandstone" title="Sandstone">sandstone</a> reservoirs. This play requires intraformational mudstone seal units to be present, as there is no top-seal for reservoirs sub cropping the regional base <a href="/wiki/Permian" title="Permian">Permian</a> <a href="/wiki/Unconformity" title="Unconformity">unconformity</a> in the east of the basin, and Carboniferous <a href="/wiki/Stratum" title="Stratum">strata</a> crop out at the sea bed in the west. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dalkey_Island_exploration_prospect">Dalkey Island exploration prospect</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_Sea&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Dalkey Island exploration prospect"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Previous exploration drilling in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kish_Bank_Basin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kish Bank Basin (page does not exist)">Kish Bank Basin</a> has confirmed the potential for petroleum generation with oil shows seen in a number of wells together with natural hydrocarbon seeps recorded from airborne surveys. New<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (October 2019)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> analysis of vintage 2-D seismic data has revealed the presence of a large undrilled structural closure at <a href="/wiki/Lower_Triassic" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower Triassic">Lower Triassic</a> level situated about 10 kilometres (6 mi) offshore Dublin. This feature, known as the <a href="/wiki/Dalkey_Island" title="Dalkey Island">Dalkey Island</a> exploration prospect, may be prospective for oil, as there are prolific oil productive Lower Triassic reservoirs nearby in the eastern Irish Sea offshore Liverpool. Whilst the Dalkey Island exploration prospect could contain about 870 million barrels (140,000,000 m<sup>3</sup>) of oil in place, this undrilled prospect still has significant risk and the partners are currently advancing a focused work programme in order to better understand and hopefully mitigate these risks. However, given its location in shallow water and close proximity to shore, the prospect is of great interest as exploration drilling, together with any future development costs, are likely to be low.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cities_and_towns">Cities and towns</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_Sea&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Cities and towns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Below is a list of cities and towns around the Irish Sea coasts in order of size: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="locmap noviewer noresize thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:452px"><div style="position:relative;width:450px;border:1px solid lightgray"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Irish_Sea_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Irish Sea is located in the Irish Sea"><img alt="Irish Sea is located in the Irish Sea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Irish_Sea_location_map.svg/450px-Irish_Sea_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="450" height="586" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Irish_Sea_location_map.svg/675px-Irish_Sea_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Irish_Sea_location_map.svg/900px-Irish_Sea_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="305" data-file-height="397" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:52.599%;left:13.325%;font-size:90%"><div class="id" style="left:-6px;top:-6px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Dublin"><img alt="Dublin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/18px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/24px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:7px"><div><span style="position:relative; bottom:0.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a></b></span></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:50.901%;left:85.707%;font-size:90%"><div class="id" style="left:-6px;top:-6px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Liverpool"><img alt="Liverpool" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/18px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/24px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:7px"><div><span style="position:relative; bottom:0.4em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a></b></span></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:16.739%;left:20.605%;font-size:90%"><div class="id" style="left:-6px;top:-6px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Belfast"><img alt="Belfast" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/18px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/24px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:7px"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Belfast" title="Belfast">Belfast</a></b></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:39.245%;left:84.14%;font-size:90%"><div class="id" style="left:-5px;top:-5px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Blackpool"><img alt="Blackpool" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/10px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/15px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/20px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:6px"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Blackpool" title="Blackpool">Blackpool</a></b></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:44.022%;left:85.133%;font-size:90%"><div class="id" style="left:-5px;top:-5px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Southport"><img alt="Southport" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/10px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/15px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/20px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:6px"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Southport" title="Southport">Southport</a></b></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:51.361%;left:84.935%;font-size:85%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Birkenhead"><img alt="Birkenhead" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><span style="position: relative; top: 0.8em;"><a href="/wiki/Birkenhead" title="Birkenhead">Birkenhead</a></span></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:50.699%;left:84.736%;font-size:85%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Wallasey"><img alt="Wallasey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div><span style="position:relative; bottom:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Wallasey" title="Wallasey">Wallasey</a></span></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:30.697%;left:80.258%;font-size:85%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Barrow-in-Furness"><img alt="Barrow-in-Furness" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div><span style="position:relative; bottom:0.6em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barrow-in-Furness" title="Barrow-in-Furness">Barrow-in-Furness</a></span></span></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:31.791%;left:88.111%;font-size:85%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Morecambe"><img alt="Morecambe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div><span style="position: relative; top: 0.6em;"><a href="/wiki/Morecambe" title="Morecambe">Morecambe</a></span></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:41.029%;left:84.582%;font-size:85%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Lytham St Annes"><img alt="Lytham St Annes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lytham_St_Annes" title="Lytham St Annes">Lytham St Annes</a></span></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:48.656%;left:84.493%;font-size:85%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Crosby"><img alt="Crosby" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div><span style="position:relative; bottom:0.6em;"><a href="/wiki/Crosby,_Merseyside" title="Crosby, Merseyside">Crosby</a></span></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:14.897%;left:26.341%;font-size:85%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bangor"><img alt="Bangor" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Bangor,_County_Down" title="Bangor, County Down">Bangor</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:42.094%;left:11.273%;font-size:85%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Drogheda"><img alt="Drogheda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Drogheda" title="Drogheda">Drogheda</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:33.777%;left:10.236%;font-size:85%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Dundalk"><img alt="Dundalk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Dundalk" title="Dundalk">Dundalk</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:56.887%;left:16.612%;font-size:85%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bray"><img alt="Bray" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Bray,_County_Wicklow" title="Bray, County Wicklow">Bray</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:54.326%;left:69.801%;font-size:85%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Colwyn Bay"><img alt="Colwyn Bay" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:5px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Colwyn_Bay" title="Colwyn Bay">Colwyn Bay</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:37.518%;left:84.78%;font-size:85%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Thornton-Cleveleys"><img alt="Thornton-Cleveleys" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thornton-Cleveleys" title="Thornton-Cleveleys">Thornton-Cleveleys</a></span></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:29.575%;left:52.659%;font-size:85%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Douglas"><img alt="Douglas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Douglas,_Isle_of_Man" title="Douglas, Isle of Man">Douglas</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:13.343%;left:23.296%;font-size:85%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Carrickfergus"><img alt="Carrickfergus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Carrickfergus" title="Carrickfergus">Carrickfergus</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:54.038%;left:15.972%;font-size:85%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Dún Laoghaire"><img alt="Dún Laoghaire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BAn_Laoghaire" title="Dún Laoghaire">Dún Laoghaire</a></span></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:36.108%;left:84.913%;font-size:85%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Fleetwood"><img alt="Fleetwood" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Fleetwood" title="Fleetwood">Fleetwood</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:15.559%;left:73%;font-size:85%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Workington"><img alt="Workington" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Workington" title="Workington">Workington</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:53.433%;left:74.654%;font-size:85%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Rhyl"><img alt="Rhyl" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Rhyl" title="Rhyl">Rhyl</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:18.12%;left:72.338%;font-size:85%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Whitehaven"><img alt="Whitehaven" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Whitehaven" title="Whitehaven">Whitehaven</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:53.376%;left:67.043%;font-size:85%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Llandudno"><img alt="Llandudno" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:5px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Llandudno" title="Llandudno">Llandudno</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:81.84%;left:8.957%;font-size:85%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Wexford"><img alt="Wexford" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Wexford" title="Wexford">Wexford</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:9.371%;left:23.186%;font-size:85%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Larne"><img alt="Larne" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Larne" title="Larne">Larne</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:68.601%;left:15.421%;font-size:85%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Arklow"><img alt="Arklow" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Arklow" title="Arklow">Arklow</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:53.779%;left:49.218%;font-size:85%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Holyhead"><img alt="Holyhead" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:5px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Holyhead" title="Holyhead">Holyhead</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:79.537%;left:61.396%;font-size:85%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Aberystwyth"><img alt="Aberystwyth" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Aberystwyth" title="Aberystwyth">Aberystwyth</a></div></div></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Irish_Sea_location_map.svg" title="File:Irish Sea location map.svg">class=notpageimage| </a></div><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Cities and towns on the Irish Sea coast</div></div></div></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Rank </th> <th>City/town </th> <th>County </th> <th>Region/province </th> <th>Population </th> <th>Country </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/County_Dublin" title="County Dublin">County Dublin</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Leinster" title="Leinster">Leinster</a> </td> <td>1,458,154 </td> <td>Republic of Ireland </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Merseyside" title="Merseyside">Merseyside</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/North_West_England" title="North West England">North West</a> </td> <td>498,042 </td> <td>England </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Belfast" title="Belfast">Belfast</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/County_Antrim" title="County Antrim">County Antrim</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ulster" title="Ulster">Ulster</a> </td> <td>343,542 </td> <td>Northern Ireland </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Blackpool" title="Blackpool">Blackpool</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lancashire" title="Lancashire">Lancashire</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/North_West_England" title="North West England">North West</a> </td> <td>139,720 </td> <td>England </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Southport" title="Southport">Southport</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Merseyside" title="Merseyside">Merseyside</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/North_West_England" title="North West England">North West</a> </td> <td>91,703 </td> <td>England </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Birkenhead" title="Birkenhead">Birkenhead</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Merseyside" title="Merseyside">Merseyside</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/North_West_England" title="North West England">North West</a> </td> <td>88,818 </td> <td>England </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bangor,_County_Down" title="Bangor, County Down">Bangor</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/County_Down" title="County Down">County Down</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ulster" title="Ulster">Ulster</a> </td> <td>41,011 </td> <td>Northern Ireland </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wallasey" title="Wallasey">Wallasey</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Merseyside" title="Merseyside">Merseyside</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/North_West_England" title="North West England">North West</a> </td> <td>60,264 </td> <td>England </td></tr> <tr> <td>9 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Barrow-in-Furness" title="Barrow-in-Furness">Barrow-in-Furness</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria">Cumbria</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/North_West_England" title="North West England">North West</a> </td> <td>56,745 </td> <td>England </td></tr> <tr> <td>10 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Crosby,_Merseyside" title="Crosby, Merseyside">Crosby</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Merseyside" title="Merseyside">Merseyside</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/North_West_England" title="North West England">North West</a> </td> <td>41,789 </td> <td>England </td></tr> <tr> <td>11 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lytham_St_Annes" title="Lytham St Annes">Lytham St Annes</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lancashire" title="Lancashire">Lancashire</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/North_West_England" title="North West England">North West</a> </td> <td>42,954 </td> <td>England </td></tr> <tr> <td>12 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Drogheda" title="Drogheda">Drogheda</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/County_Louth" title="County Louth">County Louth</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Leinster" title="Leinster">Leinster</a> </td> <td>40,956 </td> <td>Republic of Ireland </td></tr> <tr> <td>13 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dundalk" title="Dundalk">Dundalk</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/County_Louth" title="County Louth">County Louth</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Leinster" title="Leinster">Leinster</a> </td> <td>39,004 </td> <td>Republic of Ireland </td></tr> <tr> <td>14 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Morecambe" title="Morecambe">Morecambe</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lancashire" title="Lancashire">Lancashire</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/North_West_England" title="North West England">North West</a> </td> <td>55,589 </td> <td>England </td></tr> <tr> <td>15 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bray,_County_Wicklow" title="Bray, County Wicklow">Bray</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/County_Wicklow" title="County Wicklow">County Wicklow</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Leinster" title="Leinster">Leinster</a> </td> <td>32,600 </td> <td>Republic of Ireland </td></tr> <tr> <td>16 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Colwyn_Bay" title="Colwyn Bay">Colwyn Bay</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Conwy_County_Borough" title="Conwy County Borough">Conwy</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Clwyd" title="Clwyd">Clwyd</a> </td> <td>31,353 </td> <td>Wales </td></tr> <tr> <td>17 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thornton-Cleveleys" title="Thornton-Cleveleys">Thornton-Cleveleys</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lancashire" title="Lancashire">Lancashire</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/North_West_England" title="North West England">North West</a> </td> <td>31,157 </td> <td>England </td></tr> <tr> <td>18 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Douglas,_Isle_of_Man" title="Douglas, Isle of Man">Douglas</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>27,938 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>19 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Carrickfergus" title="Carrickfergus">Carrickfergus</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/County_Antrim" title="County Antrim">County Antrim</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ulster" title="Ulster">Ulster</a> </td> <td>27,903 </td> <td>Northern Ireland </td></tr> <tr> <td>20 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BAn_Laoghaire" title="Dún Laoghaire">Dún Laoghaire</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BAn_Laoghaire%E2%80%93Rathdown" title="Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown">Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Leinster" title="Leinster">Leinster</a> </td> <td>26,525 </td> <td>Republic of Ireland </td></tr> <tr> <td>21 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fleetwood" title="Fleetwood">Fleetwood</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lancashire" title="Lancashire">Lancashire</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/North_West_England" title="North West England">North West</a> </td> <td>25,939 </td> <td>England </td></tr> <tr> <td>22 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Workington" title="Workington">Workington</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria">Cumbria</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/North_West_England" title="North West England">North West</a> </td> <td>25,207 </td> <td>England </td></tr> <tr> <td>23 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rhyl" title="Rhyl">Rhyl</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Denbighshire" title="Denbighshire">Denbighshire</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Clwyd" title="Clwyd">Clwyd</a> </td> <td>25,149 </td> <td>Wales </td></tr> <tr> <td>24 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Whitehaven" title="Whitehaven">Whitehaven</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria">Cumbria</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/North_West_England" title="North West England">North West</a> </td> <td>23,986 </td> <td>England </td></tr> <tr> <td>25 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Llandudno" title="Llandudno">Llandudno</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Conwy_County_Borough" title="Conwy County Borough">Conwy</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Clwyd" title="Clwyd">Clwyd</a> </td> <td>20,701 </td> <td>Wales </td></tr> <tr> <td>26 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wexford" title="Wexford">Wexford</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/County_Wexford" title="County Wexford">County Wexford</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Leinster" title="Leinster">Leinster</a> </td> <td>20,188 </td> <td>Republic of Ireland </td></tr> <tr> <td>27 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Larne" title="Larne">Larne</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/County_Antrim" title="County Antrim">County Antrim</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ulster" title="Ulster">Ulster</a> </td> <td>18,775 </td> <td>Northern Ireland </td></tr> <tr> <td>28 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arklow" title="Arklow">Arklow</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/County_Wicklow" title="County Wicklow">County Wicklow</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Leinster" title="Leinster">Leinster</a> </td> <td>14,353 </td> <td>Republic of Ireland </td></tr> <tr> <td>29 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aberystwyth" title="Aberystwyth">Aberystwyth</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ceredigion" title="Ceredigion">Ceredigion</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dyfed" title="Dyfed">Dyfed</a> </td> <td>13,040 </td> <td>Wales </td></tr> <tr> <td>30 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Holyhead" title="Holyhead">Holyhead</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Anglesey" class="mw-redirect" title="Isle of Anglesey">Isle of Anglesey</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gwynedd" title="Gwynedd">Gwynedd</a> </td> <td>13,659 </td> <td>Wales </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Counties_bordering_the_Irish_Sea">Counties bordering the Irish Sea</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_Sea&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Counties bordering the Irish Sea"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>County </th> <th>Country </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/County_Dublin" title="County Dublin">County Dublin</a> </td> <td>Republic of Ireland </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Merseyside" title="Merseyside">Merseyside</a> </td> <td>England </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/County_Antrim" title="County Antrim">County Antrim</a> </td> <td>Northern Ireland </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lancashire" title="Lancashire">Lancashire</a> </td> <td>England </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/County_Down" title="County Down">County Down</a> </td> <td>Northern Ireland </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria">Cumbria</a> </td> <td>England </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/County_Louth" title="County Louth">County Louth</a> </td> <td>Republic of Ireland </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/County_Meath" title="County Meath">County Meath</a> </td> <td>Republic of Ireland </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gwynedd" title="Gwynedd">Gwynedd</a> </td> <td>Wales </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Flintshire" title="Flintshire">Flintshire</a> </td> <td>Wales </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pembrokeshire" title="Pembrokeshire">Pembrokeshire</a> </td> <td>Wales </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Denbighshire" title="Denbighshire">Denbighshire</a> </td> <td>Wales </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Conwy_County_Borough" title="Conwy County Borough">Conwy</a> </td> <td>Wales </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/County_Wexford" title="County Wexford">County Wexford</a> </td> <td>Republic of Ireland </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/County_Wicklow" title="County Wicklow">County Wicklow</a> </td> <td>Republic of Ireland </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ceredigion" title="Ceredigion">Ceredigion</a> </td> <td>Wales </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Anglesey" class="mw-redirect" title="Isle of Anglesey">Isle of Anglesey</a> </td> <td>Wales </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Wigtownshire" title="Wigtownshire">Wigtownshire</a> </td> <td>Scotland </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kirkcudbrightshire" title="Kirkcudbrightshire">Kirkcudbrightshire</a> </td> <td>Scotland </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Islands">Islands</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_Sea&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Islands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Listed are the islands in the Irish Sea which are either at least one square kilometre in area, or which have a permanent population.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglesey" title="Anglesey">Anglesey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Holy_Island,_Anglesey" title="Holy Island, Anglesey">Holy Island</a> are included separately.</li></ul> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name</th> <th>Area (km<sup>2</sup>)</th> <th>Rank (area)</th> <th>Permanent Population<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th>Rank (pop.)</th> <th>Country </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Anglesey" title="Anglesey">Anglesey</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7002675000000000000♠">675</span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000100000000000000♠">1</span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004560920000000000♠">56,092</span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000200000000000000♠">2</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7002572000000000000♠">572</span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000200000000000000♠">2</span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004844970000000000♠">84,497</span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000100000000000000♠">1</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Holy_Island,_Anglesey" title="Holy Island, Anglesey">Holy Island</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001390000000000000♠">39</span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000300000000000000♠">3</span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004135790000000000♠">13,579</span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000300000000000000♠">3</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Walney_Island" title="Walney Island">Walney Island</a><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001130000000000000♠">13</span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000400000000000000♠">4</span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004113880000000000♠">11,388</span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000400000000000000♠">4</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lambay_Island" title="Lambay Island">Lambay Island</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000554000000000000♠">5.54</span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000500000000000000♠">5</span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001100000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span><10</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000800000000000000♠">8</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Republic of Ireland</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bull_Island" title="Bull Island">Bull Island</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000300000000000000♠">3</span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000600000000000000♠">6</span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001200000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span><20</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000700000000000000♠">7</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Republic of Ireland</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ramsey_Island" title="Ramsey Island">Ramsey Island</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000258000000000000♠">2.58</span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000700000000000000♠">7</span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="5000000000000000000♠">0</span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001990000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>-</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bardsey_Island" title="Bardsey Island">Bardsey Island</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000179000000000000♠">1.79</span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000900000000000000♠">9</span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000500000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span><5</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001100000000000000♠">10</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Calf_of_Man" title="Calf of Man">Calf of Man</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000250000000000000♠">2.50</span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000800000000000000♠">8</span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="5000000000000000000♠">0</span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001990000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>-</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Barrow_Island,_Barrow-in-Furness" title="Barrow Island, Barrow-in-Furness">Barrow Island</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000150000000000000♠">1.50</span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001990000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>-</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7003261600000000000♠">2,616</span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000500000000000000♠">5</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Roa_Island" title="Roa Island">Roa Island</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="6998300000000000000♠">0.03</span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001990000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>-</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7002100000000000000♠">100</span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000600000000000000♠">6</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ynys_Gaint" title="Ynys Gaint">Ynys Gaint</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="6998400000000000000♠">0.04</span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001990000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>-</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001100000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span><10</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000800000000000000♠">8</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Piel_Island" title="Piel Island">Piel Island</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999200000000000000♠">0.20</span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001990000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>-</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000500000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span><5</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001100000000000000♠">10</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ynys_Castell" title="Ynys Castell">Ynys Castell</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="6997600000000000000♠">0.006</span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001990000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>-</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000500000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span><5</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001100000000000000♠">10</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ynys_Gored_Goch" title="Ynys Gored Goch">Ynys Gored Goch</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="6997400000000000000♠">0.004</span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001990000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>-</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000500000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span><5</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001100000000000000♠">10</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Environment">Environment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_Sea&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Environment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The most accessible and possibly the greatest <a href="/wiki/Wildlife" title="Wildlife">wildlife</a> resource of the Irish Sea lies in its <a href="/wiki/Estuaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Estuaries">estuaries</a>: particularly the <a href="/wiki/Dee_Estuary" title="Dee Estuary">Dee Estuary</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Mersey_Estuary" class="mw-redirect" title="Mersey Estuary">Mersey Estuary</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ribble_and_Alt_Estuaries" title="Ribble and Alt Estuaries">Ribble Estuary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morecambe_Bay" title="Morecambe Bay">Morecambe Bay</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Solway_Firth" title="Solway Firth">Solway Firth</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Firth_of_Clyde" title="Firth of Clyde">Firth of Clyde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belfast_Lough" title="Belfast Lough">Belfast Lough</a>, <a href="/wiki/Strangford_Lough" title="Strangford Lough">Strangford Lough</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carlingford_Lough" title="Carlingford Lough">Carlingford Lough</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dundalk_Bay" title="Dundalk Bay">Dundalk Bay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dublin_Bay" title="Dublin Bay">Dublin Bay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wexford_Harbour" title="Wexford Harbour">Wexford Harbour</a>. However, a lot of wildlife also depends on the cliffs, <a href="/wiki/Salt_marsh" title="Salt marsh">salt marshes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sand_dune" class="mw-redirect" title="Sand dune">sand dunes</a> of the adjoining <a href="/wiki/Shore" class="mw-redirect" title="Shore">shores</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Seabed" title="Seabed">seabed</a> and the open sea itself. </p><p>The information on the <a href="/wiki/Invertebrate" title="Invertebrate">invertebrates</a> of the seabed of the Irish Sea is rather patchy because it is difficult to survey such a large area, where underwater visibility is often poor and information often depends upon looking at material brought up from the seabed in mechanical grabs. However, the groupings of animals present depend to a large extent on whether the seabed is composed of <a href="/wiki/Rock_(geology)" title="Rock (geology)">rock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boulder" title="Boulder">boulders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gravel" title="Gravel">gravel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sand" title="Sand">sand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mud" title="Mud">mud</a> or even <a href="/wiki/Peat" title="Peat">peat</a>. In the soft <a href="/wiki/Sediment" title="Sediment">sediments</a> seven types of community have been provisionally identified, variously dominated by <a href="/wiki/Brittle-star" class="mw-redirect" title="Brittle-star">brittle-stars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sea_urchin" title="Sea urchin">sea urchins</a>, worms, <a href="/wiki/Mussel" title="Mussel">mussels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tellina" title="Tellina">tellins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peppery_furrow_shell" class="mw-redirect" title="Peppery furrow shell">furrow-shells</a>, and tower-shells. </p><p>Parts of the bed of the Irish Sea are very rich in wildlife. The seabed southwest of the Isle of Man is particularly noted for its rarities and diversity,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as are the <a href="/wiki/Modiolus_modiolus" title="Modiolus modiolus">horse mussel</a> beds of Strangford Lough. <a href="/wiki/Scallop" title="Scallop">Scallops</a> and <a href="/wiki/Queen_scallop" title="Queen scallop">queen scallops</a> are found in more gravelly areas. In the estuaries, where the bed is more sandy or muddy, the number of species is smaller but the size of their populations is larger. <a href="/wiki/Crangon_crangon" title="Crangon crangon">Brown shrimp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cockle_(bivalve)" title="Cockle (bivalve)">cockles</a> and edible mussels support local <a href="/wiki/Fisheries" class="mw-redirect" title="Fisheries">fisheries</a> in Morecambe Bay and the Dee Estuary and the estuaries are also important as nurseries for <a href="/wiki/Flatfish" title="Flatfish">flatfish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herring" title="Herring">herring</a> and <a href="/wiki/European_seabass" title="European seabass">sea bass</a>. Muddy seabeds in deeper waters are home to populations of the <a href="/wiki/Dublin_Bay_prawn" class="mw-redirect" title="Dublin Bay prawn">Dublin Bay prawn</a>, also known as "scampi".<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The open sea is a complex habitat in its own right. It exists in three spatial dimensions and also varies over time and tide. For example, where freshwater flows into the Irish Sea in river estuaries its influence can extend far offshore as the freshwater is lighter and "floats" on top of the much larger body of salt water until wind and temperature changes mix it in. Similarly, warmer water is less dense and seawater warmed in the inter-tidal zone may "float" on the colder offshore water. The amount of light penetrating the seawater also varies with depth and turbidity. This leads to differing populations of <a href="/wiki/Plankton" title="Plankton">plankton</a> in different parts of the sea and varying communities of animals that feed on these populations. However, increasing seasonal storminess leads to greater mixing of water and tends to break down these divisions, which are more apparent when the weather is calm for long periods. </p><p>Plankton includes bacteria, plants (<a href="/wiki/Phytoplankton" title="Phytoplankton">phytoplankton</a>) and animals (<a href="/wiki/Zooplankton" title="Zooplankton">zooplankton</a>) that drift in the sea. Most are microscopic, but some, such as the various species of <a href="/wiki/Jellyfish" title="Jellyfish">jellyfish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ctenophore" class="mw-redirect" title="Ctenophore">sea gooseberry</a>, can be much bigger. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Diatom" title="Diatom">Diatoms</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dinoflagellate" title="Dinoflagellate">dinoflagellates</a> dominate the phytoplankton. Although they are microscopic plants, diatoms have hard shells and dinoflagellates have little <a href="/wiki/Tail" title="Tail">tails</a> that propel them through the water. Phytoplankton populations in the Irish Sea have a spring "bloom" every April and May, when the seawater is generally at its greenest. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Crustacean" title="Crustacean">Crustaceans</a>, especially <a href="/wiki/Copepod" title="Copepod">copepods</a>, dominate the zooplankton. However, many animals of the seabed, the open sea and the seashore spend their juvenile stages as part of the zooplankton. The whole plankton "soup" is vitally important, directly or indirectly, as a food source for most species in the Irish Sea, even the largest. The enormous <a href="/wiki/Basking_shark" title="Basking shark">basking shark</a>, for example, lives entirely on plankton and the <a href="/wiki/Leatherback_turtle" class="mw-redirect" title="Leatherback turtle">leatherback turtle</a>'s main food is jellyfish. </p><p>A colossal diversity of <a href="/wiki/Invertebrate" title="Invertebrate">invertebrate</a> <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a> live in the Irish Sea and its surrounding coastline, ranging from flower-like fan-worms to predatory <a href="/wiki/Portunidae" title="Portunidae">swimming crabs</a> to large <a href="/wiki/Chameleon" title="Chameleon">chameleon</a>-like <a href="/wiki/Cuttlefish" title="Cuttlefish">cuttlefish</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of the most significant for other wildlife are the reef-building species like the inshore horse mussel of Strangford Lough, the inter-tidal honeycomb worm of Morecambe Bay, <a href="/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria">Cumbria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lancashire" title="Lancashire">Lancashire</a>, and the sub-tidal honeycomb worm of the <a href="/wiki/Wicklow_Reef" title="Wicklow Reef">Wicklow Reef</a>. These build up large structures over many years and, in turn, provide surfaces, nooks and crannies where other marine animals and plants may become established and live out some or all of their lives. </p><p>There are quite regular records of live and stranded leatherback turtles in and around the Irish Sea. This species travels north to the waters off the <a href="/wiki/British_Isles" title="British Isles">British Isles</a> every year following the swarms of jellyfish that form its prey. Loggerhead turtle, <a href="/wiki/Ridley_sea_turtle" title="Ridley sea turtle">ridley sea turtle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Green_turtle" class="mw-redirect" title="Green turtle">green turtle</a> are found very occasionally in the Irish Sea but are generally unwell or dead when discovered. They have strayed or been swept out of their natural range further south into colder waters.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The estuaries of the Irish Sea are of international importance for birds. They are vital feeding grounds on <a href="/wiki/Bird_migration" title="Bird migration">migration</a> flyways for <a href="/wiki/Shorebird" class="mw-redirect" title="Shorebird">shorebirds</a> travelling between the <a href="/wiki/Arctic" title="Arctic">Arctic</a> and Africa. Others depend on the milder climate as a refuge when continental Europe is in the grip of winter.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Twenty-one species of <a href="/wiki/Seabird" title="Seabird">seabird</a> are reported as regularly nesting on beaches or cliffs around the Irish Sea. Huge populations of the <a href="/wiki/Sea_duck" class="mw-redirect" title="Sea duck">sea duck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Common_scoter" title="Common scoter">common scoter</a>, spend winters feeding in shallow waters off eastern Ireland, Lancashire and <a href="/wiki/North_Wales" title="North Wales">North Wales</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_28-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Whales, dolphins and <a href="/wiki/Porpoise" title="Porpoise">porpoises</a> all frequent the Irish Sea, but knowledge of how many there may be and where they go is somewhat sketchy. About a dozen species have been recorded since 1980, but only three are seen fairly often. These are the <a href="/wiki/Harbour_porpoise" title="Harbour porpoise">harbour porpoise</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bottlenose_dolphin" title="Bottlenose dolphin">bottlenose dolphin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Common_dolphin" title="Common dolphin">common dolphin</a>. The more rarely seen species are <a href="/wiki/Minke_whale" title="Minke whale">minke whale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fin_whale" title="Fin whale">fin whale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sei_whale" title="Sei whale">sei whale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Humpback_whale" title="Humpback whale">humpback whale</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic_right_whale" title="North Atlantic right whale">North Atlantic right whales</a><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which are now considered to be almost extinct in eastern North Atlantic, <a href="/wiki/Sperm_whale" title="Sperm whale">sperm whale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_bottlenose_whale" title="Northern bottlenose whale">northern bottlenose whale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Long-finned_pilot_whale" title="Long-finned pilot whale">long-finned pilot whale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orca" title="Orca">orca</a>, <a href="/wiki/White-beaked_dolphin" title="White-beaked dolphin">white-beaked dolphin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Striped_dolphin" title="Striped dolphin">striped dolphin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Risso%27s_dolphin" title="Risso's dolphin">Risso's dolphin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_28-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2005, a plan to reintroduce <a href="/wiki/Grey_whale" class="mw-redirect" title="Grey whale">grey whales</a> by airlifting 50 of them from the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a> to the Irish Sea was claimed to be logically and ethically feasible;<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it has not been implemented as of 2013. </p><p>The common or <a href="/wiki/Harbour_seal" class="mw-redirect" title="Harbour seal">harbour seal</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Grey_seal" title="Grey seal">grey seal</a> are both resident in the Irish Sea. Common <a href="/wiki/Pinniped" title="Pinniped">seals</a> breed in Strangford Lough, grey seals in southwest Wales and, in small numbers, on the Isle of Man. Grey seals haul out, but do not breed, off <a href="/wiki/Hilbre_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Hilbre Island">Hilbre</a> and <a href="/wiki/Walney_Island" title="Walney Island">Walney</a> islands, <a href="/wiki/Merseyside" title="Merseyside">Merseyside</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Wirral_Peninsula" title="Wirral Peninsula">Wirral</a>, St Annes, Barrow-in-Furness Borough, and Cumbria.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_28-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Radioactivity">Radioactivity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_Sea&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Radioactivity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Irish Sea has been described by <a href="/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace">Greenpeace</a> as the most <a href="/wiki/Radioactive_contamination" title="Radioactive contamination">radioactively contaminated</a> sea in the world with some "eight million litres of <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_waste" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear waste">nuclear waste</a>" discharged into it each day from <a href="/wiki/Sellafield" title="Sellafield">Sellafield</a> reprocessing plants, contaminating seawater, sediments and marine life.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Low-level <a href="/wiki/Radioactive_decay" title="Radioactive decay">radioactive</a> waste has been discharged into the Irish Sea as part of operations at Sellafield since 1952. The rate of discharge began to accelerate in the mid- to late 1960s, reaching a peak in the 1970s and generally declining significantly since then. As an example of this profile, discharges of <a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium">plutonium</a> (specifically <a href="/wiki/Plutonium-241" title="Plutonium-241"><sup>241</sup>Pu</a>) peaked in 1973 at 2,755 terabecquerels (74,500 Ci)<sup id="cite_ref-EnvAgTab3_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EnvAgTab3-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> falling to 8.1 TBq (220 Ci) by 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-BNGAnnRpt2004_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BNGAnnRpt2004-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Improvements in the treatment of waste in 1985 and 1994 resulted in further reductions in <a href="/wiki/Radioactive_waste" title="Radioactive waste">radioactive waste</a> discharge although the subsequent processing of a backlog resulted in increased discharges of certain types of radioactive waste. Discharges of <a href="/wiki/Technetium" title="Technetium">technetium</a> in particular rose from 6.1 TBq (160 Ci) in 1993 to a peak of 192 TBq (5,200 Ci) in 1995 before dropping back to 14 TBq (380 Ci) in 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-EnvAgTab3_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EnvAgTab3-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BNGAnnRpt2004_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BNGAnnRpt2004-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In total 22 petabecquerels (590 kCi) of <sup>241</sup>Pu was discharged over the period 1952 to 1998.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Current rates of discharge for many <a href="/wiki/Radionuclides" class="mw-redirect" title="Radionuclides">radionuclides</a> are at least 100 times lower than they were in the 1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Analysis<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of the distribution of radioactive contamination after discharge reveals that mean sea currents result in much of the more soluble elements such as <a href="/wiki/Caesium" title="Caesium">caesium</a> being flushed out of the Irish Sea through the North Channel about a year after discharge. Measurements of technetium concentrations post-1994 has produced estimated transit times to the North Channel of around six months with peak concentrations off the northeast Irish coast occurring 18–24 months after peak discharge. Less soluble elements such as plutonium are subject to much slower redistribution. Whilst concentrations have declined in line with the reduction in discharges they are markedly higher in the eastern Irish Sea compared to the western areas. The dispersal of these elements is closely associated with sediment activity, with <a href="/wiki/Mud" title="Mud">muddy</a> deposits on the seabed acting as sinks, soaking up an estimated 200 kg (440 lb) of <a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium">plutonium</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The highest concentration is found in the eastern Irish Sea in sediment banks lying parallel to the Cumbrian coast. This area acts as a significant source of wider contamination as radionuclides are dissolved once again. Studies have revealed that 80% of current seawater contamination by caesium is sourced from sediment banks, whilst plutonium levels in the western sediment banks between the Isle of Man and the Irish coast are being maintained by contamination redistributed from the eastern sediment banks. </p><p>The consumption of seafood harvested from the Irish Sea is the main pathway for exposure of humans to radioactivity.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Environmental_monitoring" title="Environmental monitoring">environmental monitoring</a> report for the period 2003 to 2005 published by the <a href="/wiki/Radiological_Protection_Institute_of_Ireland" title="Radiological Protection Institute of Ireland">Radiological Protection Institute of Ireland</a> (RPII) reported that in 2005 average quantities of radioactive contamination found in seafood ranged from less than 1 Bq/kg (12 pCi/lb) for fish to under 44 Bq/kg (540 pCi/lb) for mussels.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Doses of man-made radioactivity received by the heaviest consumers of seafood in Ireland in 2005 was 1.10 μSv (0.000110 rem).<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This compares with a corresponding dosage of radioactivity naturally occurring in the seafood consumed by this group of 148 μSv (0.0148 rem) and a total average dosage in Ireland from all sources of 3,620 μSv (0.362 rem).<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In terms of risk to this group, heavy consumption of seafood generates a 1 in 18 million chance of causing cancer. The general risk of contracting cancer in Ireland is 1 in 522. In the UK, the heaviest seafood consumers in Cumbria received a radioactive dosage attributable to Sellafield discharges of 220 μSv (0.022 rem) in 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This compares to average annual dose of naturally sourced radiation received in the UK of 2,230 μSv (0.223 rem).<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Proposed_fixed_sea_link_connections">Proposed fixed sea link connections</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_Sea&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Proposed fixed sea link connections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/British_Isles_fixed_sea_link_connections" class="mw-redirect" title="British Isles fixed sea link connections">British Isles fixed sea link connections</a></div> <p>Discussions of linking Britain to Ireland began in 1895,<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with an application for £15,000 towards the cost of carrying out borings and soundings in the <a href="/wiki/North_Channel_(Britain_and_Ireland)" class="mw-redirect" title="North Channel (Britain and Ireland)">North Channel</a> to see if a tunnel between Ireland and Scotland was viable. Sixty years later, <a href="/wiki/Harford_Hyde" class="mw-redirect" title="Harford Hyde">Harford Montgomery Hyde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Unionists_(Ireland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Unionists (Ireland)">Unionist</a> MP for North Belfast, called for the building of such a tunnel.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A tunnel project has been discussed several times in the <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1il_%C3%89ireann" title="Dáil Éireann">Irish parliament</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The idea for a 34-kilometre (21 mi) long rail bridge or tunnel continues to be mooted. Several potential projects have been proposed, including one between Dublin and Holyhead put forward in 1997 by the British engineering firm Symonds. At 80 km (50 mi), it would have been by far the <a href="/wiki/List_of_longest_tunnels" title="List of longest tunnels">longest rail tunnel</a> on earth with an estimated cost approaching £20 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wind_power">Wind power</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_Sea&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Wind power"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_offshore_wind_farms_in_the_Irish_Sea" title="List of offshore wind farms in the Irish Sea">List of offshore wind farms in the Irish Sea</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Barrow_Offshore_wind_turbines_NR.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Barrow_Offshore_wind_turbines_NR.jpg/220px-Barrow_Offshore_wind_turbines_NR.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Barrow_Offshore_wind_turbines_NR.jpg/330px-Barrow_Offshore_wind_turbines_NR.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Barrow_Offshore_wind_turbines_NR.jpg/440px-Barrow_Offshore_wind_turbines_NR.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3206" data-file-height="2365" /></a><figcaption>Barrow Offshore windfarm, off <a href="/wiki/Walney_Island" title="Walney Island">Walney Island</a></figcaption></figure> <p>An offshore wind farm was developed on the <a href="/wiki/Arklow" title="Arklow">Arklow</a> Bank,<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Arklow_Bank_Wind_Park" title="Arklow Bank Wind Park">Arklow Bank Wind Park</a>, about 10 km (6.2 mi) off the coast of <a href="/wiki/County_Wicklow" title="County Wicklow">County Wicklow</a> in the south Irish Sea. The site currently has seven GE 3.6 MW <a href="/wiki/Wind_turbine" title="Wind turbine">turbines</a>, each with 104-metre (341 ft) diameter <a href="/wiki/Turbine" title="Turbine">rotors</a>, the world's first commercial application of offshore wind turbines over three <a href="/wiki/Megawatt" class="mw-redirect" title="Megawatt">megawatts</a> in size. The operating company, <a href="/wiki/Airtricity" class="mw-redirect" title="Airtricity">Airtricity</a>, has indefinite plans for nearly 100 further turbines on the site. </p><p><span class="anchor" id="further_sites"></span> Further wind turbine sites include: </p> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/North_Hoyle" class="mw-redirect" title="North Hoyle">North Hoyle</a> site 8 kilometres (5 mi) off the coast from <a href="/wiki/Rhyl" title="Rhyl">Rhyl</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prestatyn" title="Prestatyn">Prestatyn</a> in <a href="/wiki/North_Wales" title="North Wales">North Wales</a>, containing thirty 2 MW turbines.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> operated by <a href="/wiki/Npower_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Npower (UK)">NPower Renewables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burbo_Bank_Offshore_Wind_Farm" title="Burbo Bank Offshore Wind Farm">Burbo Bank</a> site 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) off the north <a href="/wiki/Wirral_Peninsula" title="Wirral Peninsula">Wirral</a> coast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Rigg_Wind_Farm" title="Robin Rigg Wind Farm">Robin Rigg Wind Farm</a> in the Solway Firth</li> <li>Thirty 90-metre (300 ft) 3 MW turbines are operating in a wind farm 7 km (4.3 mi) the coast of <a href="/wiki/Walney_Island" title="Walney Island">Walney Island</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bowind_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bowind-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Turbines are being erected off the coast of <a href="/wiki/Clogherhead" title="Clogherhead">Clogherhead</a> (to be called the <a href="/wiki/Oriel_Wind_Farm" title="Oriel Wind Farm">Oriel Wind Farm</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Walney_Wind_Farm" title="Walney Wind Farm">Warmley Extension</a> 14 kilometres (9 mi) west of <a href="/wiki/Walney_Island" title="Walney Island">Walney Island</a> off the coast of <a href="/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria">Cumbria</a>. As of 2018, it is the largest on Earth.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_Sea&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> the Irish Sea became known as "<a href="/wiki/U-boat" title="U-boat">U-boat</a> Alley", because the U-boats moved their emphasis from the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic</a> to the Irish Sea after the United States entered the war in 1917.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Barrow" title="Port of Barrow">Port of Barrow-in-Furness</a>, one of Britain's largest <a href="/wiki/Shipbuilding" title="Shipbuilding">shipbuilding</a> centres and home to the United Kingdom's only <a href="/wiki/Submarine" title="Submarine">submarine</a>-building complex, is only a minor port.</li> <li>The Irish Sea figures prominently in the <a href="/wiki/Mabinogion" title="Mabinogion">Mabinogion</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/Four_Branches_of_the_Mabinogi#Second_Branch:_Branwen,_Daughter_of_Llŷr" title="Four Branches of the Mabinogi">second branch of the Mabinogi</a> the Irish Sea is crossed from the south to <a href="/wiki/Harlech" title="Harlech">Harlech</a> by <a href="/wiki/Matholwch" title="Matholwch">Matholwch</a>, the Irish King, who has come to seek the hand of <a href="/wiki/Branwen_ferch_Ll%C5%B7r" title="Branwen ferch Llŷr">Branwen ferch Llŷr</a>, sister of <a href="/wiki/Bendigeidfran" class="mw-redirect" title="Bendigeidfran">Bendigeidfran</a>, King of the Island of the Mighty. Branwen and Matholwch marry, but when she becomes abused by Matholwch, her brother crosses the sea from Wales to Ireland to rescue her. Within the story the Irish Sea is said to be shallow; in addition, it contains two rivers, the Lli and the Archan.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The fictional <a href="/wiki/Sodor_(fictional_island)" title="Sodor (fictional island)">Sodor</a>, an island in both <a href="/wiki/Wilbert_Awdry" title="Wilbert Awdry">Wilbert Awdry</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Railway_Series" title="The Railway Series">The Railway Series</a> and the children's TV show, <i><a href="/wiki/Thomas_and_Friends" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas and Friends">Thomas and Friends</a></i> based on Awdry's books, is located in the Irish Sea.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_Sea&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_crossings_of_the_Irish_Sea" title="List of crossings of the Irish Sea">List of crossings of the Irish Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Channel_(Great_Britain_and_Ireland)#Fixed_connections" title="North Channel (Great Britain and Ireland)">North Channel bridge proposal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Ireland" title="Transport in Ireland">Transport in Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Transport in the United Kingdom">Transport in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_on_the_Isle_of_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="Transport on the Isle of Man">Transport on the Isle of Man</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Explanatory_notes">Explanatory notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_Sea&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Explanatory notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a>: <i lang="ga">Muir Éireann</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ga-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Irish" title="Help:IPA/Irish">[mˠɪɾʲ<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈeːɾʲən̪ˠ]</a></span> or [An Mhuir Mheann] <span style="color:#d33">Error: [undefined] <span style="color:#d33">Error: {{Lang}}: no text (<a href="/wiki/Category:Lang_and_lang-xx_template_errors" title="Category:Lang and lang-xx template errors">help</a>)</span>: invalid parameter: |links= (<a href="/wiki/Category:Lang_and_lang-xx_template_errors" title="Category:Lang and lang-xx template errors">help</a>)</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ga-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Irish" title="Help:IPA/Irish">[ənˠ<span class="wrap"> </span>wɪrʲ<span class="wrap"> </span>vʲan̪ˠ]</a></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-tearma_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tearma-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Manx_language" title="Manx language">Manx</a>: <i lang="gv">Y Keayn Yernagh</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Scots_language" title="Scots language">Scots</a>: <i lang="sco">Erse Sie</i>, <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Gaelic language">Scottish Gaelic</a>: <i lang="gd">Muir Èireann</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="gd-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Help:IPA/Scottish Gaelic">[murʲ<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈeːrʲən̪ˠ]</a></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ulster_Scots_dialects" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulster Scots dialects">Ulster-Scots</a>: <i>Airish Sea</i>, <a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a>: <i lang="cy">Môr Iwerddon</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="cy-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Welsh" title="Help:IPA/Welsh">[moːr<span class="wrap"> </span>ɪuˈɛrðɔn]</a></span>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_Sea&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_Sea&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 24em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-tearma-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tearma_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tearma.ie/Search.aspx?term=Muir+%C3%89ireann">"Muir Éireann"</a>. <i>téarma.ie – Dictionary of Irish Terms</i>. <a href="/wiki/Foras_na_Gaeilge" title="Foras na Gaeilge">Foras na Gaeilge</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dublin_City_University" title="Dublin City University">Dublin City University</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170510084242/http://www.tearma.ie/Search.aspx?term=Muir+%C3%89ireann">Archived</a> from the original on 10 May 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=t%C3%A9arma.ie+%E2%80%93+Dictionary+of+Irish+Terms&rft.atitle=Muir+%C3%89ireann&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tearma.ie%2FSearch.aspx%3Fterm%3DMuir%2B%25C3%2589ireann&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+Sea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110304174323/http://www.liv.ac.uk/manxstudies/laare-studeyryes_manninagh.htm">"Ellan Vannin"</a> (in Manx). Centre for Manx Studies ("Laare-Studeyrys Manninagh"). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liv.ac.uk/manxstudies/laare-studeyryes_manninagh.htm">the original</a> on 4 March 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ellan+Vannin&rft.pub=Centre+for+Manx+Studies+%28%22Laare-Studeyrys+Manninagh%22%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.liv.ac.uk%2Fmanxstudies%2Flaare-studeyryes_manninagh.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+Sea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cambridge Medieval Celtic Studies, Issues 33–35 University of Cambridge (Gran Bretaña). Department of Anglo-Saxon, Norse and Celtic 1997</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IHO-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IHO_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IHO_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111008191433/http://www.iho-ohi.net/iho_pubs/standard/S-23/S23_1953.pdf">"Limits of Oceans and Seas, 3rd edition + corrections"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. International Hydrographic Organization. 1971. p. 42 [corrections to page 12]. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iho.int/uploads/user/pubs/standards/s-23/S-23_Ed3_1953_EN.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 8 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Limits+of+Oceans+and+Seas%2C+3rd+edition+%2B+corrections&rft.pages=42+corrections+to+page+12&rft.pub=International+Hydrographic+Organization&rft.date=1971&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fiho.int%2Fuploads%2Fuser%2Fpubs%2Fstandards%2Fs-23%2FS-23_Ed3_1953_EN.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+Sea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dil.ie/search?q=Menn&search_in=headword">"Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230127080848/https://dil.ie/search?q=Menn&search_in=headword">Archived</a> from the original on 27 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Electronic+Dictionary+of+the+Irish+Language&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dil.ie%2Fsearch%3Fq%3DMenn%26search_in%3Dheadword&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+Sea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBannerman1963" class="citation book cs1">Bannerman, David Armitage (1963). <i>The Birds of the British Isles: Volume 12</i>. 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BHP Oil Ltd. 7 May 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visitorcentre-bhpbilliton.com/">the original</a> on 7 May 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Liverpool+Bay%2C+England&rft.pub=BHP+Oil+Ltd&rft.date=2005-05-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.visitorcentre-bhpbilliton.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+Sea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">C.Michael Hogan. 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eoearth.org/article/Irish_Sea?topic=49523"><i>Irish Sea</i>. eds. P.Saundry & C.Cleveland. Encyclopedia of Earth. National Council for Science and the Environment. Washington DC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130602131956/http://www.eoearth.org/article/Irish_Sea?topic=49523">Archived</a> 2 June 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200607/cmhansrd/cm070709/text/70709w0003.htm">"Pollution: Liverpool Bay"</a>. <i>www.parliament.uk</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180310073948/https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200607/cmhansrd/cm070709/text/70709w0003.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 10 March 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.parliament.uk&rft.atitle=Pollution%3A+Liverpool+Bay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublications.parliament.uk%2Fpa%2Fcm200607%2Fcmhansrd%2Fcm070709%2Ftext%2F70709w0003.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+Sea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Population figures are from 2001 Census, except: Isle of Man, from 2006.<br />Populations of smaller islands are estimated at 5 per known inhabited house</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gov.im/treasury/economic/census/2006/">Isle of Man Census 2006</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130117171204/http://www.gov.im/treasury/economic/census/2006/">Archived</a> 17 January 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (excluding the population of 2 living on the <a href="/wiki/Calf_of_Man" title="Calf of Man">Calf of Man</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=3&b=5948003&c=walney&d=14&e=16&g=431956&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1193578964813&enc=1">National Statistics – Walney North (Ward)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714141844/http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=3&b=5948003&c=walney&d=14&e=16&g=431956&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1193578964813&enc=1">Archived</a> 14 July 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=3&b=5948002&c=walney&d=14&e=16&g=431976&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1193578965438&enc=1">Walney South (Ward)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714123138/http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=3&b=5948002&c=walney&d=14&e=16&g=431976&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1193578965438&enc=1">Archived</a> 14 July 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barne, J.H., Robson, C.F., Kaznowska, S.S., Doody, J.P., & Davidson, N.C., eds. 1996. Coasts and seas of the United Kingdom. Region 13 Northern Irish Sea: <a href="/wiki/Colwyn_Bay" title="Colwyn Bay">Colwyn Bay</a> to Stranraer, including the Isle of Man. <a href="/wiki/Peterborough" title="Peterborough">Peterborough</a>, Joint Nature Conservation Committee, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-873701-87-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-873701-87-4">978-1-873701-87-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_28-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_28-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_28-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_28-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Irish Sea Study Group Report, Part 1, (1990) Nature Conservation, <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_University_Press" title="Liverpool University Press">Liverpool University Press</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85323-227-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85323-227-8">978-0-85323-227-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081128104635/http://www.turtle.ie/index.htm">"Unravelling the secret lives of jellyfish using electronic tags"</a>. <i>Irish Sea Leatherback Turtle Project</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+OSPAR+Convention&rft.atitle=Background+Document+for+the+Northern+right+whale+Eubalaena+glacialis&rft.issue=496&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-907390-37-1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fqsr2010.ospar.org%2Fmedia%2Fassessments%2FSpecies%2Fp00496_northern_right_whale.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+Sea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1494286/Plan-to-bring-grey-whales-back-to-Britain.html">"Plan to bring grey whales back to Britain"</a>. <i>The Telegraph</i>. 18 July 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140201102240/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1494286/Plan-to-bring-grey-whales-back-to-Britain.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Plan+to+bring+grey+whales+back+to+Britain&rft.date=2005-07-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuknews%2F1494286%2FPlan-to-bring-grey-whales-back-to-Britain.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+Sea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.greenpeace.org.uk/nuclear/sellafield-nuclear-reprocessing-facility">Sellafield nuclear reprocessing facility</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace">Greenpeace</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303235706/http://www.greenpeace.org.uk/nuclear/sellafield-nuclear-reprocessing-facility">Archived</a> 3 March 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EnvAgTab3-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EnvAgTab3_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EnvAgTab3_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The Past, Current and Future Radiological Impact of the Sellafield Marine Discharges on the People Living in the Coastal Communities Surrounding the Irish Sea, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://publications.environment-agency.gov.uk/pdf/STRP290-e-p.pdf">(Link)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081003102204/http://publications.environment-agency.gov.uk/pdf/STRP290-e-p.pdf">Archived</a> 3 October 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Environment_Agency" title="Environment Agency">Environment Agency</a> – Table 3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BNGAnnRpt2004-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BNGAnnRpt2004_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BNGAnnRpt2004_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Monitoring our Environment – Discharges and Monitoring in the UK – Annual Report 2004, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britishnucleargroup.com/pdf/BNGSL%202004%20Monitoring%20report%20final.pdf">(Link)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081003102203/http://www.britishnucleargroup.com/pdf/BNGSL%202004%20Monitoring%20report%20final.pdf">Archived</a> 3 October 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Nuclear_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="British Nuclear 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class="reference-text"><a href="#LeónVintró">León Vintró <i>et al.</i> (2000)</a>, sections 3–4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McMahon et al., 2005, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.edpsciences.org/articles/radiopro/pdf/2005/02/p424.pdf?access=ok">(Link)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070930165151/http://www.edpsciences.org/articles/radiopro/pdf/2005/02/p424.pdf?access=ok">Archived</a> 30 September 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Transfer of conservative and non-conservative radionuclides from the Sellafield Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing plant to the coastal waters of Ireland</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Quality Status Report – Regional QSR III, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ospar.org/eng/doc/pdfs/R3C4.pdf">(Link)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927093611/http://www.ospar.org/eng/doc/pdfs/R3C4.pdf">Archived</a> 27 September 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/OSPAR" class="mw-redirect" title="OSPAR">OSPAR</a> – Chapter 4 Chemistry, p66</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#RPII">Ryan <i>et al.</i> (2005)</a>, p. 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#RPII">Ryan <i>et al.</i> (2005)</a>, Table 45.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#RPII">Ryan <i>et al.</i> 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title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/opinion/2004/0207/3742943993DIFEB7.html">"An Irishman's Diary"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Irish_Times" title="The Irish Times">The Irish Times</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.atitle=An+Irishman%27s+Diary&rft.date=2004-02-07&rft.aulast=Boyd&rft.aufirst=Wesley&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnewspaper%2Fopinion%2F2004%2F0207%2F3742943993DIFEB7.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+Sea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Written Answers. – Sea Transport, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://historical-debates.oireachtas.ie/D/0384/D.0384.198811160027.html">(Link)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070312191429/http://historical-debates.oireachtas.ie/D/0384/D.0384.198811160027.html">Archived</a> 12 March 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1il_%C3%89ireann" title="Dáil Éireann">Dáil Éireann</a> – Volume 384 – 16 November 1988</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Written Answers. – Irish Sea Railway Ferry, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://historical-debates.oireachtas.ie/D/0434/D.0434.199310190089.html">(Link)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071129085451/http://historical-debates.oireachtas.ie/D/0434/D.0434.199310190089.html">Archived</a> 29 November 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1il_%C3%89ireann" 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/scotland/south_of_scotland/6958191.stm">"Bridge to Northern Ireland mooted"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC News Scotland">BBC News Scotland</a></i>. 22 August 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080701132258/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/scotland/south_of_scotland/6958191.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 1 July 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.airtricity.com/ireland/wind_farms/offshore/operating/arklow_bank/index.xml">the original</a> on 21 December 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 December</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Arklow+Bank+Wind+Park&rft.pub=Airtricity&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.airtricity.com%2Fireland%2Fwind_farms%2Foffshore%2Foperating%2Farklow_bank%2Findex.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+Sea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050722084446/http://www.natwindpower.co.uk/northhoyle/">"Northhoyle"</a>. <i>NPower Renewables</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.natwindpower.co.uk/northhoyle/">the original</a> on 22 July 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 August</span> 2005</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NPower+Renewables&rft.atitle=Northhoyle&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.natwindpower.co.uk%2Fnorthhoyle%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+Sea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bowind-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bowind_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120708112823/http://www.bowind.co.uk/">"Barrow Offshore windfarm"</a>. <i>BOWind</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bowind.co.uk">the original</a> on 8 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BOWind&rft.atitle=Barrow+Offshore+windfarm&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bowind.co.uk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+Sea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080707031216/http://www.orielwind.com/project_status.html">"Oriel Wind project status"</a>. <i>Oriel Windfarm</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.orielwind.com/project_status.html">the original</a> on 7 July 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 October</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oriel+Windfarm&rft.atitle=Oriel+Wind+project+status&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.orielwind.com%2Fproject_status.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+Sea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVaughan2018" class="citation news cs1">Vaughan, Adam (6 September 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/sep/06/worlds-largest-offshore-windfarm-opens-cumbrian-coast-walney-extension-brexit">"World's largest offshore windfarm opens off Cumbrian coast"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180906072852/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/sep/06/worlds-largest-offshore-windfarm-opens-cumbrian-coast-walney-extension-brexit">Archived</a> from the original on 6 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=World%27s+largest+offshore+windfarm+opens+off+Cumbrian+coast&rft.date=2018-09-06&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Vaughan&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fenvironment%2F2018%2Fsep%2F06%2Fworlds-largest-offshore-windfarm-opens-cumbrian-coast-walney-extension-brexit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+Sea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>U-Boat Alley</i> by Roy Stokes, published by Compuwreck, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9549186-0-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9549186-0-6">978-0-9549186-0-6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The War in Maps: The Irish Sea, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uboat.net/maps/irish_sea.htm">(Link)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050819024742/http://uboat.net/maps/irish_sea.htm">Archived</a> 19 August 2005 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, UBoat.net</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams" class="citation book cs1">Williams, Ifor. <i>Pedeir Keinc y Mabinogi</i>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Wales_Press" title="University of Wales Press">University of Wales Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pedeir+Keinc+y+Mabinogi&rft.pub=University+of+Wales+Press&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Ifor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+Sea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-13872542">"Where is Sodor, home of Thomas the Tank Engine?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News_Online" title="BBC News Online">BBC News Online</a>. 4 July 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304133939/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-13872542">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Where+is+Sodor%2C+home+of+Thomas+the+Tank+Engine%3F&rft.date=2011-07-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fmagazine-13872542&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+Sea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_sources">General sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_Sea&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: General sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="LeónVintró" class="citation conference cs1">Luis León Vintró; Kilian J. Smith; Julie A. Lucey; Peter I. Mitchell (4–6 December 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://homepage.eircom.net/~radphys/scope.pdf"><i>The environmental impact of the Sellafield discharges</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. SCOPE-RADSITE Workshop. Brussels. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070221205514/http://homepage.eircom.net/~radphys/scope.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 21 February 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 June</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=The+environmental+impact+of+the+Sellafield+discharges&rft.place=Brussels&rft.date=2000-12-04%2F2000-12-06&rft.au=Luis+Le%C3%B3n+Vintr%C3%B3&rft.au=Kilian+J.+Smith&rft.au=Julie+A.+Lucey&rft.au=Peter+I.+Mitchell&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhomepage.eircom.net%2F~radphys%2Fscope.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+Sea" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="RPII" class="citation book cs1">R. W. Ryan; A. Dowdall; M. F. Fegan; E. Hayden; K. Kelleher; S. Long; I. McEvoy; L. McKittrick; C. A. McMahon; M. Murray; K. Smith; S. Sequeira; J. Wong; D. Pollard. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090327121438/http://www.rpii.ie/Download/Env_Mon_Rep_03_05.pdf"><i>Radioactive Monitoring of the Irish Environment 2003–2005</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Radiological_Protection_Institute_of_Ireland" title="Radiological Protection Institute of Ireland">Radiological Protection Institute of Ireland</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rpii.ie/Download/Env_Mon_Rep_03_05.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 27 March 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Radioactive+Monitoring+of+the+Irish+Environment+2003%E2%80%932005&rft.pub=Radiological+Protection+Institute+of+Ireland&rft.au=R.+W.+Ryan&rft.au=A.+Dowdall&rft.au=M.+F.+Fegan&rft.au=E.+Hayden&rft.au=K.+Kelleher&rft.au=S.+Long&rft.au=I.+McEvoy&rft.au=L.+McKittrick&rft.au=C.+A.+McMahon&rft.au=M.+Murray&rft.au=K.+Smith&rft.au=S.+Sequeira&rft.au=J.+Wong&rft.au=D.+Pollard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rpii.ie%2FDownload%2FEnv_Mon_Rep_03_05.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+Sea" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_Sea&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCowsillHislip2016" class="citation book cs1">Cowsill, Miles; Hislip, Gordon (2016). <i>Ferries of the Irish Sea: across four decades</i>. Ramsey, Isle of Man: Ferry Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-906608-64-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-906608-64-4"><bdi>978-1-906608-64-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ferries+of+the+Irish+Sea%3A+across+four+decades&rft.place=Ramsey%2C+Isle+of+Man&rft.pub=Ferry+Publications&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-906608-64-4&rft.aulast=Cowsill&rft.aufirst=Miles&rft.au=Hislip%2C+Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+Sea" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerdmanDawson1902" class="citation book cs1">Herdman, W. A.; Dawson, Robert A. (1902). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/fishesandfisher00dawsgoog#page/n16/mode/2up"><i>Fishes and fisheries of the Irish Sea</i></a>. London: George Philip & Son Ltd.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fishes+and+fisheries+of+the+Irish+Sea&rft.place=London&rft.pub=George+Philip+%26+Son+Ltd.&rft.date=1902&rft.aulast=Herdman&rft.aufirst=W.+A.&rft.au=Dawson%2C+Robert+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Ffishesandfisher00dawsgoog%23page%2Fn16%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+Sea" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_Sea&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Irish_Sea" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Irish Sea">Irish Sea</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/irish_sea" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/irish sea">irish sea</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090307105337/http://www.fyldecoastmarinelife.btik.com/">Fylde Coast Marine Life Project</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100609155718/http://www.irishseaconservation.org.uk/">Irish Sea Conservation Zones</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishsea.org">The Wildlife Trusts Living Seas – Irish Sea</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Earth&#039;s_oceans_and_seas" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:List_of_seas" title="Template:List of seas"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_seas" title="Template talk:List of seas"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:List_of_seas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:List of seas"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Earth&#039;s_oceans_and_seas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Borders_of_the_oceans" title="Borders of the oceans">oceans</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_seas_on_Earth" title="List of seas on Earth">seas</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Ocean" title="Southern Ocean">Antarctic/Southern Ocean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amundsen_Sea" title="Amundsen Sea">Amundsen Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellingshausen_Sea" title="Bellingshausen Sea">Bellingshausen Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperation_Sea" title="Cooperation Sea">Cooperation Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmonauts_Sea" title="Cosmonauts Sea">Cosmonauts Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davis_Sea" title="Davis Sea">Davis Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%27Urville_Sea" title="D'Urville Sea">D'Urville Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Haakon_VII_Sea" title="King Haakon VII Sea">King Haakon VII Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazarev_Sea" title="Lazarev Sea">Lazarev Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mawson_Sea" title="Mawson Sea">Mawson Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riiser-Larsen_Sea" title="Riiser-Larsen Sea">Riiser-Larsen Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross_Sea" title="Ross Sea">Ross Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotia_Sea" title="Scotia Sea">Scotia Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somov_Sea" title="Somov Sea">Somov Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weddell_Sea" title="Weddell Sea">Weddell Sea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arctic_Ocean" title="Arctic Ocean">Arctic Ocean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amundsen_Gulf" title="Amundsen Gulf">Amundsen Gulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barents_Sea" title="Barents Sea">Barents Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaufort_Sea" title="Beaufort Sea">Beaufort Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chukchi_Sea" title="Chukchi Sea">Chukchi Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Siberian_Sea" title="East Siberian Sea">East Siberian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenland_Sea" title="Greenland Sea">Greenland Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Boothia" title="Gulf of Boothia">Gulf of Boothia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kara_Sea" title="Kara Sea">Kara Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laptev_Sea" title="Laptev Sea">Laptev Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Sea" title="Lincoln Sea">Lincoln Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pechora_Sea" title="Pechora Sea">Pechora Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Gustaf_Adolf_Sea" title="Prince Gustaf Adolf Sea">Prince Gustaf Adolf Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria_Sea" title="Queen Victoria Sea">Queen Victoria Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wandel_Sea" title="Wandel Sea">Wandel Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Sea" title="White Sea">White Sea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adriatic_Sea" title="Adriatic Sea">Adriatic Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aegean_Sea" title="Aegean Sea">Aegean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alboran_Sea" title="Alboran Sea">Alboran Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Mediterranean_Sea" title="American Mediterranean Sea">American Mediterranean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archipelago_Sea" title="Archipelago Sea">Archipelago Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Sea" title="Argentine Sea">Argentine Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baffin_Bay" title="Baffin Bay">Baffin Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balearic_Sea" title="Balearic Sea">Balearic Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Biscay" title="Bay of Biscay">Bay of Biscay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bothnian_Bay" title="Bothnian Bay">Bay of Bothnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Campeche" title="Bay of Campeche">Bay of Campeche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Fundy" title="Bay of Fundy">Bay of Fundy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bothnian_Sea" title="Bothnian Sea">Bothnian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Sea" title="Caribbean Sea">Caribbean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Sea" title="Celtic Sea">Celtic Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">English Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foxe_Basin" title="Foxe Basin">Foxe Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenland_Sea" title="Greenland Sea">Greenland Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Bothnia" title="Gulf of Bothnia">Gulf of Bothnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Finland" title="Gulf of Finland">Gulf of Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Guinea" title="Gulf of Guinea">Gulf of Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Lion" title="Gulf of Lion">Gulf of Lion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Maine" title="Gulf of Maine">Gulf of Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Mexico" title="Gulf of Mexico">Gulf of Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Sidra" title="Gulf of Sidra">Gulf of Sidra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_St._Lawrence" title="Gulf of St. Lawrence">Gulf of St. Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Venezuela" title="Gulf of Venezuela">Gulf of Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_Bay" title="Hudson Bay">Hudson Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionian_Sea" title="Ionian Sea">Ionian Sea</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Irish Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irminger_Sea" title="Irminger Sea">Irminger Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Bay" title="James Bay">James Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labrador_Sea" title="Labrador Sea">Labrador Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levantine_Sea" title="Levantine Sea">Levantine Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_Sea" title="Libyan Sea">Libyan Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligurian_Sea" title="Ligurian Sea">Ligurian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrtoan_Sea" title="Myrtoan Sea">Myrtoan Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Sea" title="North Sea">North Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Sea" title="Norwegian Sea">Norwegian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sargasso_Sea" title="Sargasso Sea">Sargasso Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_%C3%85land" title="Sea of Åland">Sea of Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Azov" title="Sea of Azov">Sea of Azov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Crete" title="Sea of Crete">Sea of Crete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_the_Hebrides" title="Sea of the Hebrides">Sea of the Hebrides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Marmara" title="Sea of Marmara">Sea of Marmara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thracian_Sea" title="Thracian Sea">Thracian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyrrhenian_Sea" title="Tyrrhenian Sea">Tyrrhenian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadden_Sea" title="Wadden Sea">Wadden Sea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andaman_Sea" title="Andaman Sea">Andaman Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Sea" title="Arabian Sea">Arabian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal" title="Bay of Bengal">Bay of Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flores_Sea" title="Flores Sea">Flores Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Australian_Bight" title="Great Australian Bight">Great Australian Bight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Aden" title="Gulf of Aden">Gulf of Aden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Aqaba" title="Gulf of Aqaba">Gulf of Aqaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Khambhat" title="Gulf of Khambhat">Gulf of Khambhat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Kutch" title="Gulf of Kutch">Gulf of Kutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Oman" title="Gulf of Oman">Gulf of Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Suez" title="Gulf of Suez">Gulf of Suez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laccadive_Sea" title="Laccadive Sea">Laccadive Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique_Channel" title="Mozambique Channel">Mozambique Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Sea" title="Red Sea">Red Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timor_Sea" title="Timor Sea">Timor Sea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arafura_Sea" title="Arafura Sea">Arafura Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bali_Sea" title="Bali Sea">Bali Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banda_Sea" title="Banda Sea">Banda Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bering_Sea" title="Bering Sea">Bering Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bismarck_Sea" title="Bismarck Sea">Bismarck Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohai_Sea" title="Bohai Sea">Bohai Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohol_Sea" title="Bohol Sea">Bohol Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camotes_Sea" title="Camotes Sea">Camotes Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celebes_Sea" title="Celebes Sea">Celebes Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_Sea" title="Chilean Sea">Chilean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coral_Sea" title="Coral Sea">Coral Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_China_Sea" title="East China Sea">East China Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Alaska" title="Gulf of Alaska">Gulf of Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Anadyr" title="Gulf of Anadyr">Gulf of Anadyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_California" title="Gulf of California">Gulf of California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Carpentaria" title="Gulf of Carpentaria">Gulf of Carpentaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Fonseca" title="Gulf of Fonseca">Gulf of Fonseca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Panama" title="Gulf of Panama">Gulf of Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Thailand" title="Gulf of Thailand">Gulf of Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Tonkin" title="Gulf of Tonkin">Gulf of Tonkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halmahera_Sea" title="Halmahera Sea">Halmahera Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Java_Sea" title="Java Sea">Java Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koro_Sea" title="Koro Sea">Koro Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar_de_Grau" title="Mar de Grau">Mar de Grau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molucca_Sea" title="Molucca Sea">Molucca Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moro_Gulf" title="Moro Gulf">Moro Gulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Sea" title="Philippine Sea">Philippine Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salish_Sea" title="Salish Sea">Salish Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savu_Sea" title="Savu Sea">Savu Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Japan" title="Sea of Japan">Sea of Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Okhotsk" title="Sea of Okhotsk">Sea of Okhotsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seram_Sea" title="Seram Sea">Seram Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seto_Inland_Sea" title="Seto Inland Sea">Seto Inland Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shantar_Sea" title="Shantar Sea">Shantar Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibuyan_Sea" title="Sibuyan Sea">Sibuyan Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Sea" title="Solomon Sea">Solomon Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_China_Sea" title="South China Sea">South China Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulu_Sea" title="Sulu Sea">Sulu Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasman_Sea" title="Tasman Sea">Tasman Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visayan_Sea" title="Visayan Sea">Visayan Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_Sea" title="Yellow Sea">Yellow Sea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Endorheic_basin" title="Endorheic basin">Endorheic basins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aral_Sea" title="Aral Sea">Aral Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dead_Sea" title="Dead Sea">Dead Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salton_Sea" title="Salton Sea">Salton Sea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ocean" title="Ocean">Ocean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea" title="Sea">Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superocean" title="Superocean">Superocean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg/32px-Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg/48px-Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg/64px-Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1358" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Oceans" title="Portal:Oceans">Oceans portal</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Seas" title="Category:Seas">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Marginal_seas_of_the_Atlantic_Ocean" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Marginal_seas_of_the_Atlantic_Ocean" title="Template:Marginal seas of the Atlantic Ocean"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Marginal_seas_of_the_Atlantic_Ocean" title="Template talk:Marginal seas of the Atlantic Ocean"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Marginal_seas_of_the_Atlantic_Ocean" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Marginal seas of the Atlantic Ocean"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Marginal_seas_of_the_Atlantic_Ocean" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Marginal seas of the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Basins</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foxe_Basin" title="Foxe Basin">Foxe Basin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baffin_Bay" title="Baffin Bay">Baffin Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Biscay" title="Bay of Biscay">Bay of Biscay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Campeche" title="Bay of Campeche">Bay of Campeche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Fundy" title="Bay of Fundy">Bay of Fundy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bothnian_Bay" title="Bothnian Bay">Bothnian Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_Bay" title="Hudson Bay">Hudson Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Bay" title="James Bay">James Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pottles_Bay" title="Pottles Bay">Pottles Bay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Channels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">English Channel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gulfs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Bothnia" title="Gulf of Bothnia">Gulf of Bothnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Finland" title="Gulf of Finland">Gulf of Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Guinea" title="Gulf of Guinea">Gulf of Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Lion" title="Gulf of Lion">Gulf of Lion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Maine" title="Gulf of Maine">Gulf of Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Mexico" title="Gulf of Mexico">Gulf of Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Sidra" title="Gulf of Sidra">Gulf of Sidra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_St._Lawrence" title="Gulf of St. Lawrence">Gulf of St. Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Venezuela" title="Gulf of Venezuela">Gulf of Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Seas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adriatic_Sea" title="Adriatic Sea">Adriatic Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aegean_Sea" title="Aegean Sea">Aegean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alboran_Sea" title="Alboran Sea">Alboran Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Mediterranean_Sea" title="American Mediterranean Sea">American Mediterranean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archipelago_Sea" title="Archipelago Sea">Archipelago Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Sea" title="Argentine Sea">Argentine Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balearic_Sea" title="Balearic Sea">Balearic Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bothnian_Sea" title="Bothnian Sea">Bothnian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Sea" title="Caribbean Sea">Caribbean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Sea" title="Celtic Sea">Celtic Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenland_Sea" title="Greenland Sea">Greenland Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icarian_Sea" title="Icarian Sea">Icarian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionian_Sea" title="Ionian Sea">Ionian Sea</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Irish Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irminger_Sea" title="Irminger Sea">Irminger Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kattegat" title="Kattegat">Kattegat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labrador_Sea" title="Labrador Sea">Labrador Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levantine_Sea" title="Levantine Sea">Levantine Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_Sea" title="Libyan Sea">Libyan Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligurian_Sea" title="Ligurian Sea">Ligurian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrtoan_Sea" title="Myrtoan Sea">Myrtoan Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Sea" title="North Sea">North Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Sea" title="Norwegian Sea">Norwegian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sargasso_Sea" title="Sargasso Sea">Sargasso Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_%C3%85land" title="Sea of Åland">Sea of Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Azov" title="Sea of Azov">Sea of Azov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Crete" title="Sea of Crete">Sea of Crete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_the_Hebrides" title="Sea of the Hebrides">Sea of the Hebrides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Marmara" title="Sea of Marmara">Sea of Marmara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skagerrak" title="Skagerrak">Skagerrak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thracian_Sea" title="Thracian Sea">Thracian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyrrhenian_Sea" title="Tyrrhenian Sea">Tyrrhenian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadden_Sea" title="Wadden Sea">Wadden Sea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg/32px-Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg/48px-Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg 1.5x, 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