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<!DOCTYPE html> <html > <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs"> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="pKkJIQmwwmHJBd1UFdGizJJKpSCB1hUHqzV3TO9zFh4nwAWwKBo5wmM3zrEXSlYpBBoFcu3JD+16wDv9AxVGCg==" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="Effects Of Human Error On Marine Safety: Case Study" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="QUEST JOURNALS" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/42738166/Effects_Of_Human_Error_On_Marine_Safety_Case_Study" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Effects Of Human Error On Marine Safety: Case Study" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="The maritime shipping industry is considered as one of the huge and high-risk industries. 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There are many parameters contributing into" /> <title>(PDF) Effects Of Human Error On Marine Safety: Case Study | QUEST JOURNALS - Academia.edu</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/42738166/Effects_Of_Human_Error_On_Marine_Safety_Case_Study" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = 'b67ef4c3c1ecbe370843942feb5e75d02a3437b4'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1732766411000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1732766411000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"The maritime shipping industry is considered as one of the huge and high-risk industries. There is a big concern toward reducing the associate risk of this industry and improving the maritime safety. There are many parameters contributing into improving maritime safety and reducing the risks of accidents. The majority of these parameters are concerned with improving the design of ship\u0026amp;#39;s hull and systems; utilizing advanced technologically equipment and machineries; and implementing legislations to ensure safe ship operation. Human is one of these parameters, which can be considered as the pivot parameter of maritime safety. It is the only life parameter, which interact and control the majority of other parameters. Therefore, ship safety is highly affected by human actions and the majority of maritime accidents are consequences of human error. The occurrence of marine accidents and increase of casualty\u0026amp;#39;s number instead of vast improvement in the ship\u0026amp;#39;s design, using of advanced technologically equipment and implementing of strict maritime safety regulations and legislation is an obvious example for the effect of Human error. In this paper, a detailed step-to-step events evaluation technique of a collision case study is used to investigate human error factors participated as main causes of the accident. This is through analyzing the collision happened between Oil Tanker \u0026amp;quot;Kiafan\u0026amp;quot; and Bulk Carrier \u0026amp;quot;Unison Star\u0026amp;quot; in Chittagong-Bangladesh (24 July 2017).","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"QUEST JOURNALS"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2020-04-14","dateModified":"2020-04-14","datePublished":null,"headline":"Effects Of Human Error On Marine Safety: Case Study","inLanguage":"en","keywords":[],"locationCreated":null,"publication":null,"publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":null},"image":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/42738166/Effects_Of_Human_Error_On_Marine_Safety_Case_Study","sourceOrganization":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":null}]}</script><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" 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"https://www.academia.edu/login?post_login_redirect_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F42738166%2FEffects_Of_Human_Error_On_Marine_Safety_Case_Study%3Fauto%3Ddownload"; window.loswp.translateUrl = "https://www.academia.edu/login?post_login_redirect_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F42738166%2FEffects_Of_Human_Error_On_Marine_Safety_Case_Study%3Fshow_translation%3Dtrue"; window.loswp.previewableAttachments = [{"id":62956297,"identifier":"Attachment_62956297","shouldShowBulkDownload":false}]; window.loswp.shouldDetectTimezone = true; window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":42738166,"created_at":"2020-04-14T12:12:10.386-07:00","from_world_paper_id":null,"updated_at":"2021-12-18T10:54:31.679-08:00","_data":{"abstract":"The maritime shipping industry is considered as one of the huge and high-risk industries. There is a big concern toward reducing the associate risk of this industry and improving the maritime safety. There are many parameters contributing into improving maritime safety and reducing the risks of accidents. The majority of these parameters are concerned with improving the design of ship's hull and systems; utilizing advanced technologically equipment and machineries; and implementing legislations to ensure safe ship operation. Human is one of these parameters, which can be considered as the pivot parameter of maritime safety. It is the only life parameter, which interact and control the majority of other parameters. Therefore, ship safety is highly affected by human actions and the majority of maritime accidents are consequences of human error. The occurrence of marine accidents and increase of casualty's number instead of vast improvement in the ship's design, using of advanced technologically equipment and implementing of strict maritime safety regulations and legislation is an obvious example for the effect of Human error. In this paper, a detailed step-to-step events evaluation technique of a collision case study is used to investigate human error factors participated as main causes of the accident. This is through analyzing the collision happened between Oil Tanker \"Kiafan\" and Bulk Carrier \"Unison Star\" in Chittagong-Bangladesh (24 July 2017)."},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Effects Of Human Error On Marine Safety: Case Study","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [65581280]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":62956297,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Effects Of Human Error On Marine Safety: Case Study”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/62956297/mini_magick20200414-23147-fb7y7a.png?1586892184" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Effects Of Human Error On Marine Safety: Case Study</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="65581280" href="https://independent.academia.edu/QUESTJOURNALS"><img alt="Profile image of QUEST JOURNALS" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/65581280/41658388/33687721/s65_quest.journals.png" />QUEST JOURNALS</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">9 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 42738166; const worksViewsPath = "/v0/works/views?subdomain_param=api&work_ids%5B%5D=42738166"; const getWorkViews = async (workId) => { const response = await fetch(worksViewsPath); if (!response.ok) { throw new Error('Failed to load work views'); } const data = await response.json(); return data.views[workId]; }; // Get the view count for the work - we send this immediately rather than waiting for // the DOM to load, so it can be available as soon as possible (but without holding up // the backend or other resource requests, because it's a bit expensive and not critical). const viewCount = await getWorkViews(workId); const updateViewCount = (viewCount) => { const viewCountNumber = Number(viewCount); if (!viewCountNumber) { throw new Error('Failed to parse view count'); } const commaizedViewCount = viewCountNumber.toLocaleString(); const viewCountBody = document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count'); if (viewCountBody) { viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } else { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">The maritime shipping industry is considered as one of the huge and high-risk industries. There is a big concern toward reducing the associate risk of this industry and improving the maritime safety. There are many parameters contributing into improving maritime safety and reducing the risks of accidents. The majority of these parameters are concerned with improving the design of ship's hull and systems; utilizing advanced technologically equipment and machineries; and implementing legislations to ensure safe ship operation. Human is one of these parameters, which can be considered as the pivot parameter of maritime safety. It is the only life parameter, which interact and control the majority of other parameters. Therefore, ship safety is highly affected by human actions and the majority of maritime accidents are consequences of human error. The occurrence of marine accidents and increase of casualty's number instead of vast improvement in the ship's design, using of advanced technologically equipment and implementing of strict maritime safety regulations and legislation is an obvious example for the effect of Human error. In this paper, a detailed step-to-step events evaluation technique of a collision case study is used to investigate human error factors participated as main causes of the accident. This is through analyzing the collision happened between Oil Tanker "Kiafan" and Bulk Carrier "Unison Star" in Chittagong-Bangladesh (24 July 2017).</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":62956297,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/42738166/Effects_Of_Human_Error_On_Marine_Safety_Case_Study"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":62956297,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/42738166/Effects_Of_Human_Error_On_Marine_Safety_Case_Study"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="62956297" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/42738166/Effects_Of_Human_Error_On_Marine_Safety_Case_Study" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="103800838" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/103800838/Maritime_accidents_analysis_using_maritime_human_factors_and_analysis_model">Maritime accidents analysis using maritime human factors and analysis model</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="168399314" href="https://aastmt.academia.edu/EslamYoussef">Eslam A Youssef</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Maritime Research and Technology, 2023</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Purpose: The majority of global trade is still carried out by the commercial shipping sector although it lags behind other transport sectors in terms of safety and accident reduction. Human error is recognized as the most likely cause of maritime accidents. As such, the literature focuses on the impact of human error on maritime safety. Human Reliability Analysis (HRA), Human Error Identification (HEI), and accident analysis are the most common techniques used to examine human error. The initial goal of this paper is to give a general overview of the various types of analysis models and methods that are accessible. The goal is not to give a thorough overview of analysis methods. Instead, it serves to inform the readers of the broad ideas that underlie each category and to offer them a point of reference for any further research they choose to conduct. So, the paper focuses on the accident analysis division of accident investigation techniques. Design/Methodology/Approach: In particular, this paper thoroughly examines the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) as a qualitative analytic model to assess active and latent failures reported in maritime accident reports. A collision accident is taken as a case study, a step-by-step analysis is undertaken, and human error causal factors are singled out. Findings: The HFACS-MA approach was assessed for its potential as a way of analyzing maritime accidents in the current research, and it was determined to be quite suitable.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Maritime accidents analysis using maritime human factors and analysis model","attachmentId":105956414,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/103800838/Maritime_accidents_analysis_using_maritime_human_factors_and_analysis_model","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/103800838/Maritime_accidents_analysis_using_maritime_human_factors_and_analysis_model"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="91940981" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/91940981/Human_Error_The_Main_Factor_in_Marine_Accidents">Human Error-The Main Factor in Marine Accidents</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="106504702" href="https://anmb.academia.edu/UcaApostolMates">Uca Apostol-Mates</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Scientific Bulletin of Naval Academy, 2016</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Human Error-The Main Factor in Marine Accidents","attachmentId":95085861,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/91940981/Human_Error_The_Main_Factor_in_Marine_Accidents","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/91940981/Human_Error_The_Main_Factor_in_Marine_Accidents"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="70335313" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/70335313/Research_of_marine_accidents_through_the_prism_of_human_factors">Research of marine accidents through the prism of human factors</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="39002933" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MersidCorovic">Mersid Corovic</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Promet-traffic & Transportation, 2013</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This paper focuses on the impact of human factors on marine accidents and their prediction developed by regression analysis. 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18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/84959734/The_Influence_of_the_Induced_Maritime_Accidents_on_the_Maritime_Safety"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="22048471" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22048471/Statistical_analysis_of_ship_accidents_and_review_of_safety_level">Statistical analysis of ship accidents and review of safety level</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="34277227" href="https://independent.academia.edu/EleftheriaEliopoulou">Eleftheria Eliopoulou</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="43569601" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MarkosVoulgarellis">Markos Voulgarellis</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="27233116" href="https://ntua.academia.edu/ApostolosPapanikolaou">Apostolos Papanikolaou</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Safety may be defined as an acceptable state of risk by society. In this respect, for assessing the current safety level of ships, it is necessary to quantify the risk level of the operating world fleet, thus estimate and assess the basic contributors to risk, namely the frequency of maritime accidents and the extent of their consequences. The present investigation was motivated by earlier published work of Det Norske Veritas (DNV, 2006), in which they were some alarming signals of worsening of the level of maritime safety. A justified question therefore is whether and how the level of ship safety changed thereafter. Recalling that a fundamental step of a Formal Safety Assessment of maritime assets is the investigation of relevant casualty reports and the analysis of historical data, which characterise the maritime safety performance in the studied period, the herein presented work deals with a systematic analysis of ship accidents in the last decade as a way to evaluate the current level of safety for the majority of ship sub-types present in the world merchant fleet and to conclude on the foreseeable future. The presented analysis also includes a deeper investigation about possible relationships between accident rates and ship's age, which proved more complex than initially thought. The outcome of the present study indicates that in the last decade although the frequencies of ship accidents generally increased, the safety level of various ship types did not significantly change, as the consequences of accidents remained in average at about the same level.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Statistical analysis of ship accidents and review of safety level","attachmentId":42729406,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/22048471/Statistical_analysis_of_ship_accidents_and_review_of_safety_level","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/22048471/Statistical_analysis_of_ship_accidents_and_review_of_safety_level"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="100644776" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/100644776/Statistical_Analysis_of_Accidents_and_Review_of_Safety_Level_of_Passenger_Ships">Statistical Analysis of Accidents and Review of Safety Level of Passenger Ships</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="34277227" href="https://independent.academia.edu/EleftheriaEliopoulou">Eleftheria Eliopoulou</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Marine Science and Engineering</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This paper deals with a statistical analysis of maritime accidents pertaining to passenger ships in worldwide operation and, ultimately, with the assessment of the current safety level of the particular ship type, assuming that the safety level may be defined as a societally acceptable level of risk. The basic risk contributors, namely the frequency of main accidents’ occurrence and related consequences, are herein quantified and assessed. The presented analysis, covering the last two decades (2000–2021), shows that there has been a considerable reduction in the frequency of serious accidents’ occurrence in the last decade, whereas associated consequences do not exhibit the same trend since the frequency of ship total losses and of fatalities has increased. However, fatality rates are, to a great extent, affected by accidents of ships not compliant with safety regulations. This study also confirmed that grounding and contact accidents dominate the statistics of passenger ships of al...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Statistical Analysis of Accidents and Review of Safety Level of Passenger Ships","attachmentId":101408663,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/100644776/Statistical_Analysis_of_Accidents_and_Review_of_Safety_Level_of_Passenger_Ships","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/100644776/Statistical_Analysis_of_Accidents_and_Review_of_Safety_Level_of_Passenger_Ships"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="62748821" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/62748821/Reducing_maritime_accidents_in_ships_by_tackling_human_error_a_bibliometric_review_and_research_agenda">Reducing maritime accidents in ships by tackling human error: a bibliometric review and research agenda</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="101542531" href="https://independent.academia.edu/lakshminarasimharajuvuddaraju">lakshmi narasimha raju vuddaraju</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Shipping and Trade</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Over the past decade the number of maritime transportation accidents has fallen. However, as shipping vessels continue to increase in size, one single incident, such as the oil spills from ‘super’ tankers, can have catastrophic and long-term consequences for marine ecosystems, the environment and local economies. Maritime transport accidents are complex and caused by a combination of events or processes that might ultimately result in the loss of human and marine life, and irreversible ecological, environmental and economic damage. Many studies point to direct or indirect human error as a major cause of maritime accidents, which raises many unanswered questions about the best way to prevent catastrophic human error in maritime contexts. This paper takes a first step towards addressing some of these questions by improving our understanding of upstream maritime accidents from an organisation science perspective—an area of research that is currently underdeveloped. This will provide ne...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Reducing maritime accidents in ships by tackling human error: a bibliometric review and research agenda","attachmentId":75418746,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/62748821/Reducing_maritime_accidents_in_ships_by_tackling_human_error_a_bibliometric_review_and_research_agenda","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/62748821/Reducing_maritime_accidents_in_ships_by_tackling_human_error_a_bibliometric_review_and_research_agenda"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="66671723" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/66671723/Qualitative_and_quantitative_analysis_of_marine_accidents_using_a_human_factor_framework">Qualitative and quantitative analysis of marine accidents using a human factor framework</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="49030833" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ShihTzungChen">Shih-Tzung Chen</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2010</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Human factors are becoming the predominate contributors to accidents in the maritime transportation sector. Therefore, a methodology based on Reason&#39;s Swiss Cheese Model to qualitatively and quantitatively analyse an accident is proposed. During the analysis, a proposed Human and Organisational Factors (HOFs) framework that is suitable for investigating and analysis maritime accidents can also be integrated with the analysis results for obtaining a more comprehensive insight into the causation of the accident. The proposed methodology comprises several well-defined Formal Safety Assessment techniques forming a systematic procedure in a series of processes. The methodology mainly applies Why-Because Analysis and Fault Tree Analysis for qualitative analysis, and Bayesian Network and Influence Diagrams for quantitative studies. In addition, Sensitivity Analysis is utilised for validating the analysis results and finding the critical factors of the accident. In the end of the analys...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Qualitative and quantitative analysis of marine accidents using a human factor framework","attachmentId":77772480,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/66671723/Qualitative_and_quantitative_analysis_of_marine_accidents_using_a_human_factor_framework","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/66671723/Qualitative_and_quantitative_analysis_of_marine_accidents_using_a_human_factor_framework"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":62956297,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":62956297,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_62956297" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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