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collapse" id="-sidenav-1-3"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/language/built-in-types"><div><span>Built-in types</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/language/records"><div><span>Records</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/language/collections"><div><span>Collections</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/language/generics"><div><span>Generics</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/language/typedefs"><div><span>Typedefs</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/language/type-system"><div><span>Type system</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#-sidenav-1-4" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="-sidenav-1-4"><span>Patterns</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="-sidenav-1-4"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/language/patterns"><div><span>Overview & usage</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/language/pattern-types"><div><span>Pattern types</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://codelabs.developers.google.com/codelabs/dart-patterns-records" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><div><span>Applied tutorial</span><span class="material-symbols" aria-hidden="true">open_in_new</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/language/functions"><div><span>Functions</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#-sidenav-1-6" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="-sidenav-1-6"><span>Control flow</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="-sidenav-1-6"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/language/loops"><div><span>Loops</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/language/branches"><div><span>Branches</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/language/error-handling"><div><span>Error handling</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#-sidenav-1-7" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="-sidenav-1-7"><span>Classes & objects</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="-sidenav-1-7"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/language/classes"><div><span>Classes</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/language/constructors"><div><span>Constructors</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/language/methods"><div><span>Methods</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/language/extend"><div><span>Extend a class</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/language/mixins"><div><span>Mixins</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/language/enums"><div><span>Enums</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/language/extension-methods"><div><span>Extension methods</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/language/extension-types"><div><span>Extension types</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/language/callable-objects"><div><span>Callable objects</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#-sidenav-1-8" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="-sidenav-1-8"><span>Class modifiers</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="-sidenav-1-8"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/language/class-modifiers"><div><span>Overview & usage</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/language/class-modifiers-for-apis"><div><span>Class modifiers for API maintainers</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/language/modifier-reference"><div><span>Reference</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#-sidenav-1-9" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="-sidenav-1-9"><span>Concurrency</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="-sidenav-1-9"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/language/concurrency"><div><span>Overview</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/language/async"><div><span>Asynchronous support</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/language/isolates"><div><span>Isolates</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#-sidenav-1-10" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="-sidenav-1-10"><span>Null safety</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="-sidenav-1-10"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/null-safety"><div><span>Sound null safety</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/null-safety/migration-guide"><div><span>Migrating to null safety</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/null-safety/understanding-null-safety"><div><span>Understanding null safety</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/null-safety/unsound-null-safety"><div><span>Unsound null safety</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/null-safety/faq"><div><span>FAQ</span></div></a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#-sidenav-2" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="-sidenav-2"><span>Core libraries</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="-sidenav-2"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/libraries"><div><span>Overview</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/libraries/dart-core"><div><span>dart:core</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/libraries/dart-async"><div><span>dart:async</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/libraries/dart-math"><div><span>dart:math</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/libraries/dart-convert"><div><span>dart:convert</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/libraries/dart-io"><div><span>dart:io</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/interop/js-interop"><div><span>dart:js_interop</span></div></a></li><div class="sidenav-divider"></div><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/libraries/collections/iterables"><div><span>Iterable collections</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#-sidenav-2-10" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="-sidenav-2-10"><span>Asynchronous programming</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="-sidenav-2-10"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/libraries/async/async-await"><div><span>Tutorial</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/libraries/async/futures-error-handling"><div><span>Futures and error handling</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/libraries/async/using-streams"><div><span>Using streams</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/libraries/async/creating-streams"><div><span>Creating streams</span></div></a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#-sidenav-3" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="-sidenav-3"><span>Effective Dart</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="-sidenav-3"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/effective-dart"><div><span>Overview</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/effective-dart/style"><div><span>Style</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/effective-dart/documentation"><div><span>Documentation</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/effective-dart/usage"><div><span>Usage</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/effective-dart/design"><div><span>Design</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#-sidenav-4" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="-sidenav-4"><span>Packages</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="-sidenav-4"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/pub/packages"><div><span>How to use packages</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/useful-packages"><div><span>Commonly used packages</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/pub/create-packages"><div><span>Creating packages</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/pub/publishing"><div><span>Publishing packages</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/pub/writing-package-pages"><div><span>Writing package pages</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/pub/workspaces"><div><span>Workspaces (monorepo support)</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#-sidenav-4-7" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="-sidenav-4-7"><span>Package reference</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="-sidenav-4-7"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/pub/dependencies"><div><span>Dependencies</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/pub/glossary"><div><span>Glossary</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/pub/package-layout"><div><span>Package layout conventions</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/pub/environment-variables"><div><span>Pub environment variables</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/pub/pubspec"><div><span>Pubspec file</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/pub/troubleshoot"><div><span>Troubleshooting pub</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/pub/verified-publishers"><div><span>Verified publishers</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/pub/security-advisories"><div><span>Security advisories</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/pub/versioning"><div><span>Versioning</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/pub/custom-package-repositories"><div><span>Custom package repositories</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/pub/private-files"><div><span>What not to commit</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#-sidenav-5" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="-sidenav-5"><span>Development</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="-sidenav-5"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/libraries/serialization/json"><div><span>JSON serialization</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/language/number-representation"><div><span>Number representation</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/google-apis"><div><span>Google APIs</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/multiplatform-apps"><div><span>Multi-platform apps</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#-sidenav-5-5" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="-sidenav-5-5"><span>Command-line & server apps</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="-sidenav-5-5"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/server"><div><span>Overview</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tutorials/server/get-started"><div><span>Get started</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tutorials/server/cmdline"><div><span>Write command-line apps</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tutorials/server/fetch-data"><div><span>Fetch data from the internet</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tutorials/server/httpserver"><div><span>Write HTTP servers</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/server/libraries"><div><span>Libraries & packages</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/server/google-cloud"><div><span>Google Cloud</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#-sidenav-5-6" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="-sidenav-5-6"><span>Web apps</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="-sidenav-5-6"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/web"><div><span>Overview</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/web/get-started"><div><span>Get started</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/web/deployment"><div><span>Deployment</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/web/libraries"><div><span>Libraries & packages</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/web/wasm"><div><span>Wasm compilation</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/libraries/core/environment-declarations"><div><span>Environment declarations</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#-sidenav-6" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="-sidenav-6"><span>Interoperability</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="-sidenav-6"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/interop/c-interop"><div><span>C interop</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/interop/objective-c-interop"><div><span>Objective-C & Swift interop</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/interop/java-interop"><div><span>Java & Kotlin interop</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#-sidenav-6-4" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="-sidenav-6-4"><span>JavaScript interop</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="-sidenav-6-4"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/interop/js-interop"><div><span>Overview</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/interop/js-interop/usage"><div><span>Usage</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/interop/js-interop/js-types"><div><span>JS types</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/interop/js-interop/tutorials"><div><span>Tutorials</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/interop/js-interop/past-js-interop"><div><span>Past JS interop</span></div></a></li><div class="sidenav-divider"></div><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/interop/js-interop/package-web"><div><span>Web interop</span></div></a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link active collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#-sidenav-7" role="button" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="-sidenav-7"><span>Tools & techniques</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse show" id="-sidenav-7"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools"><div><span>Overview</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link active collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#-sidenav-7-2" role="button" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="-sidenav-7-2"><span>Editors & debuggers</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse show" id="-sidenav-7-2"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/jetbrains-plugin"><div><span>IntelliJ & Android Studio</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/vs-code"><div><span>VS Code</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link active" href="/tools/dart-devtools"><div><span>Dart DevTools</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#-sidenav-7-2-4" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="-sidenav-7-2-4"><span>DartPad</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="-sidenav-7-2-4"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/dartpad"><div><span>Overview</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/dartpad/troubleshoot"><div><span>Troubleshooting DartPad</span></div></a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#-sidenav-7-3" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="-sidenav-7-3"><span>Command-line tools</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="-sidenav-7-3"><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#-sidenav-7-3-1" role="button" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="-sidenav-7-3-1"><span>Dart SDK</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse show" id="-sidenav-7-3-1"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/sdk"><div><span>Overview</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/dart-tool"><div><span>dart</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/dart-analyze"><div><span>dart analyze</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/dart-compile"><div><span>dart compile</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/dart-create"><div><span>dart create</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/dart-doc"><div><span>dart doc</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/dart-fix"><div><span>dart fix</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/dart-format"><div><span>dart format</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/dart-info"><div><span>dart info</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/pub/cmd"><div><span>dart pub</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/dart-run"><div><span>dart run</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/dart-test"><div><span>dart test</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/dartaotruntime"><div><span>dartaotruntime</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/experiment-flags"><div><span>Experiment flags</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#-sidenav-7-3-2" role="button" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="-sidenav-7-3-2"><span>Other command-line tools</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse show" id="-sidenav-7-3-2"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/build_runner"><div><span>build_runner</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/webdev"><div><span>webdev</span></div></a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#-sidenav-7-4" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="-sidenav-7-4"><span>Static analysis</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="-sidenav-7-4"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/analysis"><div><span>Customizing static analysis</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/deprecated/sound-problems"><div><span>Fixing common type problems</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/non-promotion-reasons"><div><span>Fixing type promotion failures</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/linter-rules"><div><span>Linter rules</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/diagnostic-messages"><div><span>Diagnostic messages</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#-sidenav-7-5" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="-sidenav-7-5"><span>Testing & optimization</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="-sidenav-7-5"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/testing"><div><span>Testing</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/web/debugging"><div><span>Debugging web apps</span></div></a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li aria-hidden="true"><div class="sidenav-divider"></div></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#-sidenav-9" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="-sidenav-9"><span>Resources</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="-sidenav-9"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/dart-cheatsheet"><div><span>Language cheatsheet</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/breaking-changes"><div><span>Breaking changes</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/language/evolution"><div><span>Language evolution</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/language/spec"><div><span>Language specification</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/dart-3-migration"><div><span>Dart 3 migration guide</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#-sidenav-9-6" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="-sidenav-9-6"><span>Coming from ...</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse" id="-sidenav-9-6"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/coming-from/js-to-dart"><div><span>JavaScript to Dart</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/coming-from/swift-to-dart"><div><span>Swift to Dart</span></div></a></li></ul></li><div class="sidenav-divider"></div><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/faq"><div><span>FAQ</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/glossary"><div><span>Glossary</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/books"><div><span>Books</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/videos"><div><span>Videos</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tutorials"><div><span>Tutorials</span></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><button class="nav-link collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#-sidenav-10" role="button" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="-sidenav-10"><span>Related sites</span> <span class="material-symbols expander" aria-hidden="true">expand_more</span></button><ul class="nav collapse show" id="-sidenav-10"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://api.dart.dev" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><div><span>API reference</span><span class="material-symbols" aria-hidden="true">open_in_new</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://medium.com/dartlang" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><div><span>Blog</span><span class="material-symbols" aria-hidden="true">open_in_new</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://dartpad.dev" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><div><span>DartPad (online editor)</span><span class="material-symbols" aria-hidden="true">open_in_new</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://flutter.dev" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><div><span>Flutter</span><span class="material-symbols" aria-hidden="true">open_in_new</span></div></a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://pub.dev" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><div><span>Package site</span><span class="material-symbols" aria-hidden="true">open_in_new</span></div></a></li></ul></li></ul></div><main id="page-content"><div id="site-toc--side" class="site-toc"><header class="site-toc__title">Contents</header><ul class="section-nav"><li class="toc-entry nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#using-devtools-with-a-command-line-app">Using DevTools with a command-line app</a><ul class="nav"><li class="toc-entry nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-start-the-target-app">1. Start the target app</a></li><li class="toc-entry nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#2-open-devtools-and-connect-to-the-target-app">2. Open DevTools and connect to the target app</a></li></ul></li><li class="toc-entry nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#using-devtools-with-a-flutter-app">Using DevTools with a Flutter app</a></li><li class="toc-entry nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#using-devtools-with-a-non-flutter-web-app">Using DevTools with a non-Flutter web app</a></li></ul></div><article><div class="content"><div id="site-content-title"><h1>Dart DevTools</h1></div><div id="site-toc--inline" class="site-toc"><header class="site-toc__title">Contents</header><ul class="section-nav"><li class="toc-entry"><a href="#using-devtools-with-a-command-line-app">Using DevTools with a command-line app</a><ul><li class="toc-entry"><a href="#1-start-the-target-app">1. Start the target app</a></li><li class="toc-entry"><a href="#2-open-devtools-and-connect-to-the-target-app">2. Open DevTools and connect to the target app</a></li></ul></li><li class="toc-entry"><a href="#using-devtools-with-a-flutter-app">Using DevTools with a Flutter app</a></li><li class="toc-entry"><a href="#using-devtools-with-a-non-flutter-web-app">Using DevTools with a non-Flutter web app</a></li></ul></div><p>Dart DevTools is a suite of debugging and performance tools for Dart and Flutter. These tools are distributed as part of the <code>dart</code> tool and interact with tools such as IDEs, <code>dart run</code>, and <code>webdev</code>.</p><img src="/assets/img/tools/devtools.png" width="800" alt="Screenshot of DevTools' Memory page"><p>The following table shows which tools you can use with common Dart app types.</p><div class="table-wrapper"><table class="table table-striped nowrap"><thead><tr><th>Tool</th><th style="text-align:center"><a href="https://docs.flutter.dev/tools/devtools/overview">Flutter mobile or desktop</a></th><th style="text-align:center"><a href="https://docs.flutter.dev/tools/devtools/overview">Flutter web</a></th><th style="text-align:center"><a href="#using-devtools-with-a-non-flutter-web-app">Other web</a></th><th style="text-align:center"><a href="#using-devtools-with-a-command-line-app">Command-line</a></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><a href="https://docs.flutter.dev/tools/devtools/debugger">Debugger</a></td><td style="text-align:center"><span class="material-symbols user-select-none" title="Supported" aria-label="Supported">done</span></td><td style="text-align:center"><span class="material-symbols user-select-none" title="Supported" aria-label="Supported">done</span></td><td style="text-align:center"><span class="material-symbols user-select-none" title="Supported" aria-label="Supported">done</span></td><td style="text-align:center"><span class="material-symbols user-select-none" title="Supported" aria-label="Supported">done</span></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://docs.flutter.dev/tools/devtools/logging">Logging view</a></td><td style="text-align:center"><span class="material-symbols user-select-none" title="Supported" aria-label="Supported">done</span></td><td style="text-align:center"><span class="material-symbols user-select-none" title="Supported" aria-label="Supported">done</span></td><td style="text-align:center"><span class="material-symbols user-select-none" title="Supported" aria-label="Supported">done</span></td><td style="text-align:center"><span class="material-symbols user-select-none" title="Supported" aria-label="Supported">done</span></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://docs.flutter.dev/tools/devtools/app-size">App size tool</a></td><td style="text-align:center"><span class="material-symbols user-select-none" title="Supported" aria-label="Supported">done</span></td><td style="text-align:center"></td><td style="text-align:center"></td><td style="text-align:center"><span class="material-symbols user-select-none" title="Supported" aria-label="Supported">done</span></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://docs.flutter.dev/tools/devtools/cpu-profiler">CPU profiler</a></td><td style="text-align:center"><span class="material-symbols user-select-none" title="Supported" aria-label="Supported">done</span></td><td style="text-align:center"></td><td style="text-align:center"></td><td style="text-align:center"><span class="material-symbols user-select-none" title="Supported" aria-label="Supported">done</span></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://docs.flutter.dev/tools/devtools/memory">Memory view</a></td><td style="text-align:center"><span class="material-symbols user-select-none" title="Supported" aria-label="Supported">done</span></td><td style="text-align:center"></td><td style="text-align:center"></td><td style="text-align:center"><span class="material-symbols user-select-none" title="Supported" aria-label="Supported">done</span></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://docs.flutter.dev/tools/devtools/network">Network view</a></td><td style="text-align:center"><span class="material-symbols user-select-none" title="Supported" aria-label="Supported">done</span></td><td style="text-align:center"></td><td style="text-align:center"></td><td style="text-align:center"><span class="material-symbols user-select-none" title="Supported" aria-label="Supported">done</span></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://docs.flutter.dev/tools/devtools/performance">Performance view</a></td><td style="text-align:center"><span class="material-symbols user-select-none" title="Supported" aria-label="Supported">done</span></td><td style="text-align:center"></td><td style="text-align:center"></td><td style="text-align:center"><span class="material-symbols user-select-none" title="Supported" aria-label="Supported">done</span></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://docs.flutter.dev/tools/devtools/inspector">Flutter inspector</a></td><td style="text-align:center"><span class="material-symbols user-select-none" title="Supported" aria-label="Supported">done</span></td><td style="text-align:center"><span class="material-symbols user-select-none" title="Supported" aria-label="Supported">done</span></td><td style="text-align:center"></td><td style="text-align:center"></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>For information about using Dart DevTools with each app type (for example, command-line apps), click the app type in the top row. For details about individual tools (for example, the debugger), click the tool name in the left column.</p><p>As the table shows, the debugger and the logging view are the only parts of Dart DevTools that are available to all app types. Web apps can't use the timeline, memory, and performance views; instead, they can use browser tools such as the <a href="https://developer.chrome.com/docs/devtools/">Chrome DevTools.</a> The Flutter inspector works only for Flutter apps; other web apps should use browser tools such as the Chrome DevTools.</p><div class="header-wrapper"><h2 id="using-devtools-with-a-command-line-app">Using DevTools with a command-line app</h2><a class="heading-link" href="#using-devtools-with-a-command-line-app" aria-label="Link to 'Using DevTools with a command-line app' section">#</a></div><p>You can use DevTools to perform source-level debugging or to view general log and diagnostics information for a running command-line app.</p><div class="header-wrapper"><h3 id="1-start-the-target-app">1. Start the target app</h3><a class="heading-link" href="#1-start-the-target-app" aria-label="Link to '1. Start the target app' section">#</a></div><p>Use the <code>dart run --observe</code> command to execute the main file for the Dart command-line app that you want to debug or observe. Optionally add <code>--pause-isolates-on-start</code>, which automatically breaks execution at the start of the script.</p><div class="code-block-wrapper language-console"><div class="code-block-body"><pre class="shiki dash-light" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">$ cd path/to/dart/app</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">$ dart run --pause-isolates-on-start --observe main.dart</span></span> <span class="line"></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">The Dart VM service is listening on http://127.0.0.1:8181/afZySiNbDPg=/</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">The Dart DevTools debugger and profiler is available at: http://127.0.0.1:8181/afZySiNbDPg=/devtools/#/?uri=ws%3A%2F%2F127.0.0.1%3A8181%2FafZySiNbDPg%3D%2Fws</span></span></code></pre></div></div><p>Note the <strong>Dart DevTools debugger and profiler</strong> URL. You'll need it in the next step.</p><aside class="alert alert-warning"><div class="alert-header"><span class="material-symbols" aria-hidden="true">error</span> <span>Important</span></div><div class="alert-content"><p>This URL contains a security token and is different for each run of your app. If you stop your app and rerun it, then you need to connect to DevTools with the new URL.</p></div></aside><div class="header-wrapper"><h3 id="2-open-devtools-and-connect-to-the-target-app">2. Open DevTools and connect to the target app</h3><a class="heading-link" href="#2-open-devtools-and-connect-to-the-target-app" aria-label="Link to '2. Open DevTools and connect to the target app' section">#</a></div><p>Copy the <strong>Dart DevTools debugger and profiler</strong> URL, and paste it into the address bar of a Chrome browser window.</p><p>When you visit that URL in Chrome, the Dart DevTools UI appears, displaying information about the target app. Click <strong>Debugger</strong> to start debugging the app.</p><div class="header-wrapper"><h2 id="using-devtools-with-a-flutter-app">Using DevTools with a Flutter app</h2><a class="heading-link" href="#using-devtools-with-a-flutter-app" aria-label="Link to 'Using DevTools with a Flutter app' section">#</a></div><p>For details on using DevTools with a Flutter app for any platform (including web) see the <a href="https://docs.flutter.dev/tools/devtools/overview">DevTools documentation on flutter.dev.</a></p><div class="header-wrapper"><h2 id="using-devtools-with-a-non-flutter-web-app">Using DevTools with a non-Flutter web app</h2><a class="heading-link" href="#using-devtools-with-a-non-flutter-web-app" aria-label="Link to 'Using DevTools with a non-Flutter web app' section">#</a></div><p>To launch a web app so that you can use Dart DevTools, use the <code>webdev serve</code> command with the <code>--debug</code> or <code>--debug-extension</code> flag:</p><div class="code-block-wrapper language-console"><div class="code-block-body"><pre class="shiki dash-light" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">$ webdev serve --debug</span></span></code></pre></div></div><p>For more information, see <a href="/web/debugging">Debugging Dart web apps</a>.</p><p id="page-github-links"><span>Unless stated otherwise, the documentation on this site reflects Dart 3.7.0. Page last updated on 2024-02-09.</span> <a href="https://github.com/dart-lang/site-www/tree/main/src/content/tools/dart-devtools.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener">View source</a> <span>or </span><a href="https://github.com/dart-lang/site-www/issues/new?template=1_page_issue.yml&page-url=https://dart.dev/tools/dart-devtools/&page-source=https://github.com/dart-lang/site-www/tree/main/src/content/tools/dart-devtools.md" title="Report an issue with this page" target="_blank" rel="noopener">report an issue</a>.</p></div></article></main></div><footer id="page-footer"><div class="footer-section footer-main"><a href="/" class="brand" title="Dart"><img src="/assets/img/logo/logo-white-text.svg" alt="Dart" width="164"></a><div class="footer-social-links"><a href="https://medium.com/dartlang" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Dart's Medium publication"><svg><use href="/assets/img/social/medium.svg#medium"></use></svg> </a><a href="https://github.com/dart-lang" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Dart's GitHub organization"><svg><use href="/assets/img/social/github.svg#github"></use></svg> </a><a href="https://bsky.app/profile/dart.dev" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Dart's Bluesky profile"><svg><use href="/assets/img/social/bluesky.svg#bluesky"></use></svg> </a><a href="https://twitter.com/dart_lang" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Dart's X (Twitter) profile"><svg><use href="/assets/img/social/x.svg#x"></use></svg></a></div></div><div class="footer-section footer-tray"><div class="footer-licenses">Except as otherwise noted, this site is licensed under a <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, and code samples are licensed under the <a href="https://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause">3-Clause BSD License</a>.</div><div class="footer-utility-links"><ul><li><a href="/terms" title="Terms of use">Terms</a></li><li><a href="https://policies.google.com/privacy" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Privacy policy">Privacy</a></li><li><a href="/security" title="Security philosophy and practices">Security</a></li></ul></div></div></footer></div></body></html>