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特磨 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书

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mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&amp;returnto=%E7%89%B9%E7%A3%A8" title="建议你登录,尽管并非必须。​[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表​[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论​[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-疆域" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#疆域"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>疆域</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-疆域-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-對外關係" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#對外關係"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>對外關係</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-對外關係-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关對外關係子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-對外關係-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-與大理國關係" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#與大理國關係"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>與大理國關係</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-與大理國關係-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-與宋朝關係" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#與宋朝關係"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>與宋朝關係</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-與宋朝關係-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>參考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="目录" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">特磨</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="这篇条目只存在于此语言中。添加其他语言的条目" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-0" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">添加语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="uls-after-portlet-link"></span><span class="wb-langlinks-add wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:NewItem?site=zhwiki&amp;page=%E7%89%B9%E7%A3%A8" title="添加跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">添加链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E7%A3%A8" title="浏览条目正文​[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:%E7%89%B9%E7%A3%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="关于此页面的讨论(页面不存在)​[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E7%89%B9%E7%A3%A8" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E7%89%B9%E7%A3%A8" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E7%89%B9%E7%A3%A8" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E7%89%B9%E7%A3%A8" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E7%89%B9%E7%A3%A8" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E7%89%B9%E7%A3%A8" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E7%89%B9%E7%A3%A8" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E7%89%B9%E7%A3%A8" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E7%89%B9%E7%A3%A8" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E7%A3%A8"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E7%A3%A8&amp;action=edit" title="编辑该页面​[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E7%A3%A8&amp;action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。​[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E7%A3%A8"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E7%A3%A8&amp;action=edit" title="编辑该页面​[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E7%A3%A8&amp;action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E7%89%B9%E7%A3%A8" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面​[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E7%89%B9%E7%A3%A8" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改​[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project:上传" title="上传图像或多媒体文件​[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E7%A3%A8&amp;oldid=85625052" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E7%A3%A8&amp;action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&amp;page=%E7%89%B9%E7%A3%A8&amp;id=85625052&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E7%2589%25B9%25E7%25A3%25A8"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E7%2589%25B9%25E7%25A3%25A8"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=%E7%89%B9%E7%A3%A8&amp;action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本​[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" 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.ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-Refimprove plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tango-nosources.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/45px-Tango-nosources.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/68px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 1.5x, 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-heading,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-below{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar a:not(.new):not(.mw-selflink):link{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="width:auto;border-collapse:collapse;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Juyingchi.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="崇圣寺三塔"><img alt="崇圣寺三塔" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Juyingchi.JPG/180px-Juyingchi.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Juyingchi.JPG/270px-Juyingchi.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Juyingchi.JPG/360px-Juyingchi.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above" style="font-size:large;"> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%91%E5%8D%97%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="云南历史">云南政权</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li>秦汉时代的方国 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%87%E5%9B%BD" title="滇国">滇国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%80%E7%89%A2" title="哀牢">哀牢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%86%E6%98%8E%E5%A4%B7" title="昆明夷">昆明夷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%89%A4%E7%94%BA" title="鉤町">鉤町</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%8A%E5%B7%9E%E9%83%A1" title="益州郡">益州郡</a></li> <li><a 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href="/wiki/%E4%BA%91%E5%8D%97%E7%AD%89%E5%A4%84%E8%A1%8C%E4%B8%AD%E4%B9%A6%E7%9C%81" title="云南等处行中书省">云南等处行中书省</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%81%E7%8E%8B_(%E5%85%83%E6%9C%9D)" title="梁王 (元朝)">梁王</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E7%90%86%E6%80%BB%E7%AE%A1" title="大理总管">大理总管</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%9C%9D%E9%BB%94%E5%9B%BD%E5%85%AC%E4%B8%96%E7%B3%BB%E5%9B%BE" title="明朝黔国公世系图">明朝沐氏</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B2%E5%8D%97%E7%AD%89%E8%99%95%E6%89%BF%E5%AE%A3%E5%B8%83%E6%94%BF%E4%BD%BF%E5%8F%B8" title="雲南等處承宣布政使司">雲南等處承宣布政使司</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E5%86%9B%E7%BB%8F%E8%90%A5%E4%BA%91%E5%8D%97" title="大西军经营云南">南明时期的云南</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B4%E5%91%A8" title="吴周">吴周</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%91%E5%8D%97%E7%9C%81_(%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D)" title="云南省 (清朝)">云南省 (清朝)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%9C%E6%96%87%E7%A7%80%E5%A4%A7%E7%90%86%E6%94%BF%E6%9D%83" class="mw-redirect" title="杜文秀大理政权">杜文秀大理政权</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B2%E5%8D%97%E7%9C%81_(%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B)" title="雲南省 (中華民國)">雲南省 (中華民國)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%91%E5%8D%97%E7%9C%81" title="云南省">云南省</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%BA%91%E5%8D%97%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E4%BE%A7%E6%A0%8F%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF" title="Template:云南历史侧栏模板"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E4%BA%91%E5%8D%97%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E4%BE%A7%E6%A0%8F%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF" title="Template talk:云南历史侧栏模板"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E4%BA%91%E5%8D%97%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E4%BE%A7%E6%A0%8F%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:云南历史侧栏模板"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>特磨</b>,又稱<b>特磨道</b>、<b>特磨寨</b>、<b>特磨峒</b>,是<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="宋代">宋代</a>時期位於<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E8%A5%BF%E5%8D%97%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" title="中国西南地区">中國西南</a>的一個<a href="/wiki/%E5%83%9A%E4%BA%BA" title="僚人">僚人</a>國家。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="疆域"><span id=".E7.96.86.E5.9F.9F"></span>疆域</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E7%A3%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="编辑章节:疆域"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>特磨領土大致包含今<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B2%E5%8D%97%E7%9C%81" class="mw-redirect" title="雲南省">雲南省</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%B1%B1%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="文山州">文山州</a>东部和<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E8%A5%BF%E5%A3%AE%E6%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8C%BA" title="广西壮族自治区">广西壮族自治区</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%A3%E5%9D%A1%E7%B8%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="那坡縣">那坡縣</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%96%E8%A5%BF%E5%B8%82" title="靖西市">靖西市</a>等地,核心區域在文山州<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E5%8D%97%E5%8E%BF" title="广南县">廣南縣</a>一带。<sup id="cite_ref-ft_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ft-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="對外關係"><span id=".E5.B0.8D.E5.A4.96.E9.97.9C.E4.BF.82"></span>對外關係</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E7%A3%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="编辑章节:對外關係"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>特磨首領曾分別接受<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E7%90%86%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="大理國">大理國</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="宋朝">宋朝</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%88%E7%B8%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="羈縻">羈縻</a>官職,亦曾從屬於<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E5%85%B6" title="长其">儂智高政權</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-dym_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dym-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="與大理國關係"><span id=".E8.88.87.E5.A4.A7.E7.90.86.E5.9C.8B.E9.97.9C.E4.BF.82"></span>與大理國關係</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E7%A3%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="编辑章节:與大理國關係"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>大理太祖<a href="/wiki/%E6%AE%B5%E6%80%9D%E5%B9%B3" title="段思平">段思平</a>封特磨道<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E6%BA%90%E5%B7%9E" title="廣源州">广源州</a>首領<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BE%AC%E6%B0%91%E5%AF%8C&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="侬民富(页面不存在)">侬民富</a>為坦绰(大首领),後又封首领<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BE%AC%E5%A4%8F%E8%AF%9A&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="侬夏诚(页面不存在)">侬夏诚</a>为布燮(宰相)。<sup id="cite_ref-ft_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ft-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="與宋朝關係"><span id=".E8.88.87.E5.AE.8B.E6.9C.9D.E9.97.9C.E4.BF.82"></span>與宋朝關係</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E7%A3%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="编辑章节:與宋朝關係"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>宋朝於<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E8%88%88%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="太平興國">太平興國</a>二年封侬民富為<a href="/wiki/%E6%AA%A2%E6%A0%A1%E5%8F%B8%E7%A9%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="檢校司空">检校司空</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%9F%B1%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="上柱国">上柱国</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E5%84%82%E6%99%BA%E9%AB%98%E6%94%BB%E5%AE%8B%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="儂智高攻宋戰役">儂智高攻宋</a>時,特磨首領侬夏诚曾與<a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%AC%E6%99%BA%E9%AB%98" title="侬智高">儂智高</a>聯姻,並出兵響應。<sup id="cite_ref-ft_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ft-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%AE%8B" title="南宋">南宋</a>時期,宋朝在<a href="/wiki/%E9%82%95%E5%B7%9E" title="邕州">邕州</a>設立買馬司,特磨與<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E6%AE%BF" title="罗殿">羅殿</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E6%9D%9E" title="自杞">自杞</a>等國每年都從大理國買馬,然後販賣給宋朝。<sup id="cite_ref-dym_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dym-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>參考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E7%A3%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="编辑章节:參考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ft-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ft_1-0"><sup><b>1.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ft_1-1"><sup><b>1.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ft_1-2"><sup><b>1.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">方鐵. 大理國的民族治策與對外政策. 西南邊疆民族研究[2003年第2期].</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dym-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dym_2-0"><sup><b>2.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dym_2-1"><sup><b>2.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">段玉明. 大理國的朝貢及其影響[J]. 學術探索,2016(01):106-112.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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title="Template:FiveDynasties-song-liao-jin"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:FiveDynasties-song-liao-jin&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:FiveDynasties-song-liao-jin(页面不存在)"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:FiveDynasties-song-liao-jin" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:FiveDynasties-song-liao-jin"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="晚唐、五代、宋、金时期存在的君主制国家与藩镇等" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D" title="唐朝">晚唐</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E4%BB%A3%E5%8D%81%E5%9B%BD" title="五代十国">五代</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="宋朝">宋</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%9C%9D" title="金朝">金</a>时期存在的君主制国家与藩镇等</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">五代</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8E%E6%A2%81" title="后梁">后梁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8E%E5%94%90" title="后唐">后唐</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8E%E6%99%8B" title="后晋">后晋</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E6%BC%A2" title="後漢">後漢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8E%E5%91%A8" title="后周">后周</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">十国</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E8%9C%80" title="前蜀">前蜀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E8%9C%80" title="後蜀">後蜀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%94%90" title="南唐">南唐</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%A8%E5%90%B4" title="杨吴">吴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B4%E8%B6%8A%E5%9B%BD" title="吴越国">吴越</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%BD%E5%9B%BD" title="闽国">閩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%A5%9A" title="马楚">楚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%B1%89" title="南汉">南汉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%86%E5%8D%97" title="荆南">荆南</a>(南平)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B1%89" title="北汉">北漢</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">王朝</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="宋朝">宋</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%AE%8B" title="北宋">北宋</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%AE%8B" title="南宋">南宋</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BD%E6%9C%9D" title="辽朝">辽</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%9C%9D" title="金朝">金</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">华北</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%87%95_(%E4%BA%94%E4%BB%A3%E5%8D%81%E5%9B%BD)" title="燕 (五代十国)">燕</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%89_(%E4%BA%94%E4%BB%A3%E5%8D%81%E5%9C%8B)" title="晉 (五代十國)">晋</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%90" title="岐">岐</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%B9%B3_(%E4%BA%94%E4%BB%A3%E5%8D%81%E5%9B%BD)" title="北平 (五代十国)">北平</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%B5_(%E4%BA%94%E4%BB%A3%E5%8D%81%E5%9B%BD)" title="赵 (五代十国)">赵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%8F%E5%8D%9A%E8%8A%82%E5%BA%A6%E4%BD%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="魏博节度使">邺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E5%BE%9E%E7%9B%8A" title="李從益">李從益</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A_(%E5%BC%B5%E9%82%A6%E6%98%8C)" title="楚 (張邦昌)">張楚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%98%E9%BD%90" title="刘齐">刘齐</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">东北</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A4%E6%B5%B7%E5%9B%BD" title="渤海国">渤海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E4%B8%B9" title="东丹">东丹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9A%E5%AE%89%E5%9B%BD" title="定安国">定安</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8E%E6%B8%A4%E6%B5%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="后渤海">后渤海</a>(渤海<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%89%E6%98%BE" title="大光显">大光显</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%81%BC" title="北遼">北遼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E5%BE%8B%E9%9B%85%E9%87%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%9D%83" title="耶律雅里政权">西北遼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B4%E8%BE%BD" title="兴辽">兴辽</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%A4%8F" title="东夏">东夏</a>(大真、东真)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E8%BE%BD%E5%9B%BD" title="东辽国">东辽</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">西北</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%94%E6%96%B9%E8%8A%82%E5%BA%A6%E4%BD%BF" title="朔方节度使">朔方</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%B0%E6%AD%A6%E8%BB%8D%E7%AF%80%E5%BA%A6%E4%BD%BF" title="彰武軍節度使">彰武軍</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9A%E9%9A%BE%E5%86%9B%E8%8A%82%E5%BA%A6%E4%BD%BF" title="定难军节度使">定难军</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%92%E4%B9%89%E5%86%9B" title="归义军">归义军</a>(西汉金山国、西汉敦煌国)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E8%A5%BF%E8%8A%82%E5%BA%A6%E4%BD%BF" title="河西节度使">河西军</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8E%E9%98%97" title="于阗">于阗</a>(金玉国)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E6%98%8C%E5%9B%9E%E9%B6%BB" title="高昌回鶻">高昌回鹘</a>(西州回鹘、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%9F%E5%85%B9%E5%9B%9E%E9%B9%98" title="龟兹回鹘">龟兹回鹘</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%95%8F%E5%85%80%E5%84%BF" title="畏兀儿">畏兀儿</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%98%E5%B7%9E%E5%9B%9E%E9%B6%BB" title="甘州回鶻">甘州回鶻</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%9B%E9%80%BB%E7%A6%84" title="葛逻禄">葛逻禄</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9D%E5%A7%93%E7%83%8F%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF" title="九姓烏古斯">九姓烏古斯</a>(九姓乌护)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B7%E7%A3%A8" title="样磨">样磨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%B2%E4%BA%91" title="仲云">仲云</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%80%E5%96%87%E6%B1%97%E5%9B%BD" title="喀喇汗国">喀喇汗国</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%96%80%E5%96%87%E6%B1%97%E5%9B%BD" title="东喀喇汗国">东喀喇汗国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%96%80%E5%96%87%E6%B1%97%E5%9B%BD" title="西喀喇汗国">西喀喇汗国</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%BE%BD" title="西辽">西辽</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%A4%8F" title="西夏">西夏</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">东南</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E6%AD%A6%E8%BB%8D%E7%AF%80%E5%BA%A6%E4%BD%BF" title="威武軍節度使">威武军</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AE%B7_(%E4%BA%94%E4%BB%A3%E5%8D%81%E5%9B%BD)" title="殷 (五代十国)">殷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%93%E5%84%BC%E6%98%8E" title="卓儼明">卓儼明</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%BA%90%E8%BB%8D" title="清源軍">清源軍</a>(平海军)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E5%B9%B3%E5%86%9B%E8%8A%82%E5%BA%A6%E4%BD%BF" title="武平军节度使">武平军</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%99%E6%B5%B7%E5%86%9B%E8%8A%82%E5%BA%A6%E4%BD%BF" title="静海军节度使">静海军</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%A9%E5%85%AB%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="中天八國">中天八国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E5%85%B6" title="长其">长其</a>(大历、南天、大南)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E8%85%8A" title="方腊">方腊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%BA%E7%9B%B8" title="锺相">锺楚</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">西南</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E5%B8%AB%E9%9B%84" title="全師雄">全蜀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E8%9C%80" title="李蜀">李蜀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E5%9D%87_(%E6%B0%91%E5%8F%98%E9%A2%86%E8%A2%96)" title="王均 (民变领袖)">王蜀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B4%E6%9B%A6_(%E5%8D%97%E5%AE%8B)" title="吴曦 (南宋)">吴蜀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E8%AF%8F" title="南诏">南诏</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%95%B7%E5%92%8C" title="大長和">大長和</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%A4%A9%E8%88%88" title="大天興">大天興</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E7%BE%A9%E5%AF%A7" title="大義寧">大義寧</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E7%90%86%E5%9B%BD" title="大理国">大理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%B8%AD_(%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6)" title="大中 (國家)">大中</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%86%E6%98%8E%E5%A4%A7%E9%AC%BC%E4%B8%BB" title="昆明大鬼主">淯水夷</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E6%AE%BF" title="罗殿">罗殿</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E6%B0%8F%E9%AC%BC%E5%9C%8B" title="羅氏鬼國">羅氏鬼國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E8%A5%BF" title="水西">慕俄格</a>(水西))</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%9D%B1%E5%9C%9F%E5%8F%B8" title="水東土司">水东</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%92%AD%E5%B7%9E%E5%9C%9F%E5%8F%B8" title="播州土司">播州</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%80%9D%E5%B7%9E%E5%9C%9F%E5%8F%B8" title="思州土司">思州</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E6%9D%9E" title="自杞">自杞</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">特磨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AF%E9%99%87%E9%87%91%E6%AE%BF%E5%9B%BD" title="景陇金殿国">景陇金殿国</a>(勐泐)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">青藏高原诸部</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%83%E5%8E%AE%E5%95%B0%E5%9B%BD" title="唃厮啰国">唃厮啰国</a>(青唐国、宗喀国)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E8%B0%B7%E9%83%A8" title="六谷部">六谷部</a>(河西吐蕃)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%90%E8%95%83%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82%E6%97%B6%E6%9C%9F" title="吐蕃分裂时期">吐蕃诸部</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%90%A8%E7%8E%8B%E7%B3%BB" title="拉萨王系">拉萨王系</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E9%9A%86%E8%A7%89%E9%98%BF%E7%8E%8B%E7%B3%BB" title="雅隆觉阿王系">雅隆觉阿王系</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%BE%BE%E5%85%8B%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="拉达克王国">拉达克王系</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%A0%BC%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="古格王国">古格王系</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E5%85%B0%E7%8E%8B%E7%B3%BB" title="普兰王系">普兰王系</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E6%B3%BD%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="亚泽王朝">亚泽王系</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%A1%E5%A1%98%E7%8E%8B%E7%B3%BB" title="贡塘王系">贡塘王系</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">蒙古草原诸部</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>合木黑蒙古〔<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E5%80%AB" title="尼倫">尼倫蒙古</a>〈<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9E%E9%A2%9C" title="乞颜">乞颜</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%85%80%E5%9B%BD" title="蒙兀国">蒙兀国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E5%84%BF%E4%B9%9E%E9%83%A8" title="主儿乞部">主儿乞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E8%B5%A4%E4%B9%8C%E9%83%A8" title="泰赤乌部">泰赤乌</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AD%E9%81%94%E8%98%AD%E9%83%A8" title="札達蘭部">札达兰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%AD%AF%E5%89%8C%E6%80%9D%E6%B0%8F" title="巴魯剌思氏">巴魯剌思</a>〉</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%AD%E5%88%97%E6%96%A4" title="迭列斤">迭列斤蒙古</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AD%E5%89%8C%E4%BA%A6%E5%85%92" title="札剌亦兒">札剌亦兒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%98%E5%90%89%E5%89%8C" title="弘吉剌">弘吉剌</a>)〕</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%94%91%E5%85%92%E4%B9%9E" title="蔑兒乞">蔑兒乞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E5%A1%94%E5%84%BF%E9%83%A8" title="塔塔儿部">塔塔儿</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%83%88" title="克烈">克烈</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%83%E8%9B%AE" title="乃蛮">乃蛮</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%AA%E5%8F%A4%E9%83%A8" title="汪古部">汪古</a>(白鞑靼)</li> <li>阻卜(<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E9%9E%91%E9%9D%BC" title="黑鞑靼">黑鞑靼</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- 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