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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Historical usage</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Historical_usage-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Historical usage subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Historical_usage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Feudalism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Feudalism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Feudalism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Feudalism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Manors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Manors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Laird" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Laird"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Laird</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Laird-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_usage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_usage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Modern usage</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Modern_usage-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Modern usage subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Modern_usage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Substantive_title" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Substantive_title"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Substantive title</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Substantive_title-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Peers_and_children_of_peers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peers_and_children_of_peers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Peers and children of peers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Peers_and_children_of_peers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-House_of_Lords" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#House_of_Lords"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>House of Lords</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-House_of_Lords-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Judiciary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judiciary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Judiciary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judiciary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Naval" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Naval"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Naval</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Naval-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ecclesiastical" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecclesiastical"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Ecclesiastical</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ecclesiastical-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_High_Offices_of_State" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_High_Offices_of_State"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Other High Offices of State</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_High_Offices_of_State-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Non-English_equivalents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-English_equivalents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Non-English equivalents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Non-English_equivalents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Titles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Titles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Titles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Titles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Lord</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 45 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-45" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">45 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A8" title="رب – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kagurangnan" title="Kagurangnan – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Kagurangnan" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Лорд – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Лорд" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aotrou" title="Aotrou – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Aotrou" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord" title="Lord – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Lord" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Лорд – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Лорд" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginoo" title="Ginoo – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Ginoo" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord" title="Lord – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Lord" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ishe" title="Ishe – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Ishe" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord" title="Lord – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Lord" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord" title="Lord – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Lord" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord" title="Lord – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lord" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lordo" title="Lordo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Lordo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="ارباب – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ارباب" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord" title="Lord – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Lord" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tighearna" title="Tighearna – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Tighearna" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%81%EC%A3%BC_(%EC%9E%91%EC%9C%84)" title="영주 (작위) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="영주 (작위)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A4_(%D5%AF%D5%B8%D5%B9%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4)" title="Լորդ (կոչում) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լորդ (կոչում)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord" title="Lord – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Lord" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord" title="Lord – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Lord" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%93" title="לורד – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לורד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Лорд – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Лорд" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bwana" title="Bwana – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Bwana" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lords" title="Lords – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Lords" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lordas" title="Lordas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Lordas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_(f%C5%91rend)" title="Lord (főrend) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Lord (főrend)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Лорд – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Лорд" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="لورد – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لورد" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E5%BB%BA%E9%A0%98%E4%B8%BB" title="封建領主 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="封建領主" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord" title="Lord – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Lord" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord" title="Lord – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Lord" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord" title="Lord – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Lord" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorde" title="Lorde – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lorde" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Лорд – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лорд" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laird" title="Laird – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Laird" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord" title="Lord – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Lord" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%86%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="لۆرد – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="لۆرد" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Лорд – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Лорд" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord" title="Lord – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Lord" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lordi" title="Lordi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Lordi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord" title="Lord – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lord" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panginoon" title="Panginoon – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Panginoon" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord" title="Lord – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Lord" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A3nh_ch%C3%BAa" title="Lãnh chúa – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lãnh chúa" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8B%B3%E7%88%B5" title="勳爵 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="勳爵" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div 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dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Lordi" title="Lordi">Lordi</a> or <a href="/wiki/Lorde" title="Lorde">Lorde</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Lord_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Lord (disambiguation)">Lord (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Title for a person or deity</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style 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.ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Lord" title="Special:EditPage/Lord">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Lord%22">"Lord"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Lord%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Lord%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Lord%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Lord%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Lord%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2015</span>)</i></span><span 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330" /><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:200%;font-weight:normal;padding-bottom:0.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Theism" title="Theism">Theism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Types of faith</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agnosticism" title="Agnosticism">Agnosticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apatheism" title="Apatheism">Apatheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atheism" title="Atheism">Atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_theism" title="Classical theism">Classical theism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deism" title="Deism">Deism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henotheism" title="Henotheism">Henotheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ietsism" title="Ietsism">Ietsism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theological_noncognitivism" title="Theological noncognitivism">Ignosticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monotheism" title="Monotheism">Monotheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monism" title="Monism">Monism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dualism_in_cosmology" title="Dualism in cosmology">Dualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monolatry" title="Monolatry">Monolatry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathenotheism" title="Kathenotheism">Kathenotheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omnism" title="Omnism">Omnism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandeism" title="Pandeism">Pandeism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panentheism" title="Panentheism">Panentheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantheism" title="Pantheism">Pantheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polytheism" title="Polytheism">Polytheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transtheism" title="Transtheism">Transtheism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Specific conceptions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">Brahman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creator_deity" title="Creator deity">Creator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demiurge" title="Demiurge">Demiurge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deus" title="Deus">Deus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_the_Father" title="God the Father">Father</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Form_of_the_Good" title="Form of the Good">Form of the Good</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conceptions_of_God" title="Conceptions of God">God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Architect_of_the_Universe" title="Great Architect of the Universe">Great Architect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monad_(philosophy)" title="Monad (philosophy)">Monad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_goddess" title="Mother goddess">Mother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summum_bonum" title="Summum bonum">Summum bonum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God" title="God">Supreme Being</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Religion">The Lord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity" title="Trinity">Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawhid" title="Tawhid">Tawhid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dualism_in_cosmology#Duotheism,_bitheism,_ditheism" title="Dualism in cosmology">Ditheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monism" title="Monism">Monism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_god" title="Personal god">Personal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitarianism" title="Unitarianism">Unitarianism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">In particular religions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-bottom:0;"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/God_in_Abrahamic_religions" title="God in Abrahamic religions">Abrahamic</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Judaism" title="God in Judaism">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Christianity" title="God in Christianity">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Islam" title="God in Islam">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_in_the_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="God in the Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Mormonism" title="God in Mormonism">Mormonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayyi_Rabbi" title="Hayyi Rabbi">Mandaeism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritanism#Beliefs" title="Samaritanism">Samaritanism</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Indian_religions" title="Indian religions">Indo-Iranian</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Hinduism" title="God in Hinduism">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creator_in_Buddhism" title="Creator in Buddhism">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Jainism" title="God in Jainism">Jainism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Sikhism" title="God in Sikhism">Sikhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bon" title="Bon">Yungdrung Bon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahura_Mazda" title="Ahura Mazda">Zoroastrianism</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Chinese_theology" title="Chinese theology">Chinese</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tian" title="Tian">Tian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangdi" title="Shangdi">Shangdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hongjun_Laozu" title="Hongjun Laozu">Hongjun Laozu</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Attributes</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eternity#God_and_eternity" title="Eternity">Eternalness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Existence_of_God" title="Existence of God">Existence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_of_God" title="Gender of God">Gender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_God" title="Names of God">Names</a> (<a href="/wiki/God_(word)" title="God (word)">"God"</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omnibenevolence" title="Omnibenevolence">Omnibenevolence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omnipotence" title="Omnipotence">Omnipotence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omnipresence" title="Omnipresence">Omnipresence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omniscience" title="Omniscience">Omniscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aseity" title="Aseity">Aseity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transcendence_(religion)" title="Transcendence (religion)">Transcendence</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Experiences</li><li>Practices</li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_belief" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious belief">Belief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_esotericism" title="Western esotericism">Esotericism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faith" title="Faith">Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fideism" title="Fideism">Fideism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnosis" title="Gnosis">Gnosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermeticism" title="Hermeticism">Hermeticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaphysics" title="Metaphysics">Metaphysics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysticism" title="Mysticism">Mysticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer" title="Prayer">Prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation" title="Revelation">Revelation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worship" title="Worship">Worship</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Euthyphro_dilemma" title="Euthyphro dilemma">Euthyphro dilemma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_complex" title="God complex">God complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_gene" title="God gene">God gene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theology" title="Theology">Theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontology" title="Ontology">Ontology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Problem_of_evil" title="Problem of evil">Problem of evil</a> (<a href="/wiki/Theodicy" title="Theodicy">theodicy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion" title="Religion">Religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_religion" title="Philosophy of religion">philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_text" title="Religious text">texts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portrayals_of_God_in_popular_media" title="Portrayals of God in popular media">Portrayals of God in popular media</a></li> <li><i><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_religion_world.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/20px-P_religion_world.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/40px-P_religion_world.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Religion" title="Portal:Religion">Religion portal</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:God_sidebar" title="Template:God sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:God_sidebar" title="Template talk:God sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:God_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:God sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Lord</b> is an <a href="/wiki/Appellation" title="Appellation">appellation</a> for a person or <a href="/wiki/Deity" title="Deity">deity</a> who has <a href="/wiki/Authority" title="Authority">authority</a>, control, or <a href="/wiki/Power_(social_and_political)" title="Power (social and political)">power</a> over others, acting as a master, chief, or ruler.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The appellation can also denote certain persons who hold a title of the <a href="/wiki/Peerage_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Peerage of the United Kingdom">peerage</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, or are entitled to <a href="/wiki/Courtesy_title" title="Courtesy title">courtesy titles</a>. The collective "Lords" can refer to a group or body of <a href="/wiki/Peerages_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Peerages in the United Kingdom">peers</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lord&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Beowulf_-_hlaford.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f0/Beowulf_-_hlaford.jpg" decoding="async" width="131" height="81" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="131" data-file-height="81" /></a><figcaption>The Old English word 'hlaford' evolved into 'lord'.</figcaption></figure> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Oxford_Dictionary_of_English" title="Oxford Dictionary of English">Oxford Dictionary of English</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Etymology" title="Etymology">etymology</a> of the word can be traced back to the <a href="/wiki/Old_English_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Old English language">Old English</a> word <i>hlāford</i> which originated from <i>hlāfweard</i> meaning "loaf-ward" or "bread-keeper", reflecting the <a href="/wiki/Germanic_tribes" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanic tribes">Germanic</a> tribal custom of a <a href="/wiki/Germanic_chieftain" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanic chieftain">chieftain</a> providing food for his followers.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The appellation "lord" is primarily applied to men, while for women the appellation "<a href="/wiki/Lady" title="Lady">lady</a>" is used. This is no longer universal: the <a href="/wiki/Lord_of_Mann" title="Lord of Mann">Lord of Mann</a>, a title previously held by <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">the Queen of the United Kingdom</a>, and female <a href="/wiki/Lords_Mayor" class="mw-redirect" title="Lords Mayor">Lords Mayor</a> are examples of women who are styled as "Lord". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_usage">Historical usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lord&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Historical usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Feudalism">Feudalism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lord&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Feudalism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Feudalism" title="Feudalism">Feudalism</a>, <a href="/wiki/English_feudal_barony" title="English feudal barony">English feudal baronies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barons_in_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Barons in Scotland">Barons in Scotland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lordship" title="Lordship">Lordship</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Scottish_feudal_lordship" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish feudal lordship">Scottish feudal lordship</a></div> <p>Under the <a href="/wiki/Feudalism" title="Feudalism">feudal system</a>, "lord" had a wide, loose and varied meaning. An <a href="/wiki/Overlord" title="Overlord">overlord</a> was a person from whom a landholding or a manor was held by a <a href="/wiki/Mesne_lord" title="Mesne lord">mesne lord</a> or <a href="/wiki/Vassal" title="Vassal">vassal</a> under various forms of <a href="/wiki/Feudal_land_tenure" class="mw-redirect" title="Feudal land tenure">feudal land tenure</a>. The modern term "<a href="/wiki/Landlord" title="Landlord">landlord</a>" is a vestigial survival of this function. A <a href="/wiki/Liege_lord" class="mw-redirect" title="Liege lord">liege lord</a> was a person to whom a vassal owed sworn allegiance. Neither of these terms were titular dignities, but rather factual appellations, which described the relationship between two or more persons within the highly stratified feudal social system. For example, a man might be <a href="/wiki/Lord_of_the_manor" title="Lord of the manor">lord of the manor</a> to his own tenants but also a vassal of his own overlord, who in turn was a vassal of the King. Where a knight was a lord of the manor, he was referred to in contemporary documents as "John (Surname), knight, lord of (manor name)". A <a href="/wiki/English_feudal_barony" title="English feudal barony">feudal baron</a> was a true titular dignity, with the right to attend Parliament, but a feudal baron, Lord of the Manor of many manors, was a vassal of the King. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Manors">Manors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lord&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Manors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Lord_of_the_manor" title="Lord of the manor">Lord of the manor</a></div> <p>The substantive title of "lord of the manor" came into use in the English medieval system of <a href="/wiki/Feudalism" title="Feudalism">feudalism</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Norman_Conquest" title="Norman Conquest">Norman Conquest</a> of 1066. The title "Lord of the Manor" was a titular <a href="/wiki/Feudalism" title="Feudalism">feudal</a> dignity which derived its force from the existence and operation of a <a href="/wiki/Manorial_court" title="Manorial court">manorial court</a> or <a href="/wiki/Court_baron" class="mw-redirect" title="Court baron">court baron</a> at which he or his steward presided, thus he was the lord of the manorial court which determined the rules and laws which were to govern all the inhabitants and property covered by the jurisdiction of the court. To the tenants of a certain class of <a href="/wiki/Manorialism" title="Manorialism">manor</a> known in Saxon times as <i><a href="/wiki/Infangenthef" class="mw-redirect" title="Infangenthef">Infangenthef</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> their lord was a man who had the power of exercising <a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment" title="Capital punishment">capital punishment</a> over them. The term invariably used in contemporary mediaeval documents is simply "lord of X", X being the name of the manor. The term "Lord of the Manor" is a recent usage of historians to distinguish such lords from <a href="/wiki/English_feudal_barony" title="English feudal barony">feudal barons</a> and other powerful persons referred to in ancient documents variously as "Sire" (mediaeval French), "Dominus" (Latin), "Lord" etc. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Laird">Laird</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lord&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Laird"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Laird" title="Laird">Laird</a></div> <p>The Scottish title Laird is a shortened form of 'laverd' which is an old Scottish word deriving from an Anglo-Saxon term meaning 'Lord' and is also derived from the middle English word 'Lard' also meaning 'Lord'. The word is generally used to refer to any owner of a landed estate and has no meaning in heraldic terms and its use is not controlled by the <a href="/wiki/Lord_Lyon_King_of_Arms" title="Lord Lyon King of Arms">Lord Lyon</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_usage">Modern usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lord&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Modern usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Substantive_title">Substantive title</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lord&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Substantive title"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lord is occasionally used as part of a substantive British noble title in its own right: </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Peerage_of_Scotland" title="Peerage of Scotland">Peerage of Scotland</a>, the members of the lowest level of the peerage have the substantive title "<a href="/wiki/Lord_of_Parliament" title="Lord of Parliament">Lord of Parliament</a>" rather than Baron. </p><p>The heir to the throne in Scotland holds the title <a href="/wiki/Lord_of_the_Isles" title="Lord of the Isles">Lord of the Isles</a>. </p><p>In England, the title <a href="/wiki/Lord_of_the_Isle_of_Wight" title="Lord of the Isle of Wight">Lord of the Isle of Wight</a> used to exist but fell out of use before the creation of the modern peerage system. </p><p>The British sovereign is also accorded the title <a href="/wiki/Lord_of_Mann" title="Lord of Mann">Lord of Mann</a> as head of state of the Isle of Mann. </p><p>The feudal title of "Lord of the Manor" is still recognised by the British Government for any such title registered at <a href="/wiki/HM_Land_Registry" title="HM Land Registry">His Majesty's Land Registry</a> before 13 October 2003 (the commencement date of the Land Registration Act 2002) but after that date titles can no longer be registered, and any such titles voluntarily de-registered by the holder cannot later be re-registered. However any transfer of ownership of registered manors will continue to be recorded in the register, on the appropriate notification. Thus in effect the register is closed for new registrations.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such titles are legally classified as "incorporeal hereditaments" as they have no physical existence,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and usually have no intrinsic value. However a lucrative market arose in the 20th century for such titles, often for purposes of vanity, which was assisted by the existence of an official register, giving the purchaser the impression of a physical existence. Whether a title of "Lord of the Manor" is registered or unregistered has no effect on its legal validity or existence, which is a matter of law to be determined by the courts. Modern legal cases have been won by persons claiming rights as lords of the manor over <a href="/wiki/Village_green" title="Village green">village greens</a>. The heads of many ancient English land-owning families have continued to be lords of the manor of lands they have inherited. The UK Identity and Passport Service will include such titles on a British passport as an "observation" (e.g., 'The Holder is the Lord of the Manor of X'), provided the holder can provide documentary evidence of ownership.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The United States<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> forbids the use of all titles on passports. Australia forbids the use of titles on passports if those titles have not been awarded by the Crown (in reference to the Australian Monarchy) or the Commonwealth (in reference to the Australian Government).<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Peers_and_children_of_peers">Peers and children of peers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lord&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Peers and children of peers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Peerages_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Peerages in the United Kingdom">Peerages in the United Kingdom</a></div> <p><i>Lord</i> is used as a generic term to denote members of the <a href="/wiki/Peerage" title="Peerage">peerage</a>. Five ranks of <a href="/wiki/Peerage" title="Peerage">peer</a> exist in the United Kingdom: in descending order these are <a href="/wiki/Duke" title="Duke">duke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marquess" title="Marquess">marquess</a>, <a href="/wiki/Earl" title="Earl">earl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Viscount" title="Viscount">viscount</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Baron" title="Baron">baron</a>. The appellation "Lord" is used most often by barons, who are rarely addressed by their formal and legal title of "Baron". The most formal style is "The Lord (X)": for example, <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Tennyson" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfred Tennyson">Alfred Tennyson, 1st Baron Tennyson</a>, can be referred to as "The Lord Tennyson", although the most common appellation is "Lord Tennyson". Marquesses, earls and viscounts are commonly also addressed as Lord. Dukes use the style "The Duke of (X)", and are not correctly referred to as "Lord (X)". Dukes are formally addressed as "Your Grace", rather than "My Lord". </p><p>"Lord" is also used as a <a href="/wiki/Courtesy_title" title="Courtesy title">courtesy title</a> for younger sons of a <a href="/wiki/British_prince" title="British prince">British prince</a>, duke, or marquesses, in the style "Lord (first name) (surname)".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The eldest son of a peer would be entitled to use one of his father's subsidiary titles (if any). For example, <a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward,_Duke_of_Kent" title="Prince Edward, Duke of Kent">Prince Edward, Duke of Kent</a> holds the subsidiary title of Earl of St Andrews, which is used by his elder son <a href="/wiki/George_Windsor,_Earl_of_St_Andrews" title="George Windsor, Earl of St Andrews">George Windsor, Earl of St Andrews</a>, while his younger son is styled <a href="/wiki/Lord_Nicholas_Windsor" title="Lord Nicholas Windsor">Lord Nicholas Windsor</a>. However, if the father has no subsidiary title, the older son will assume a courtesy title of "Lord (last name)", such as in the case of the <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Devon" title="Earl of Devon">Earl of Devon</a>. As these forms of address are merely courtesy titles, the holder is not actually a member of the peerage and is not entitled to use the definite article "The" as part of the title. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="House_of_Lords">House of Lords</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lord&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: House of Lords"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a></div> <p>The upper house of the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament of the United Kingdom</a> is the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a>, which is an abbreviation of the full title, "The Right Honourable the Lords Spiritual and Temporal in Parliament Assembled". The <a href="/wiki/Lords_Temporal" title="Lords Temporal">Lords Temporal</a> are the people who are entitled to receive <a href="/wiki/Hereditary_peer#Writs_of_summons" title="Hereditary peer">writs of summons</a> to attend the House of Lords in right of a peerage. The <a href="/wiki/Lords_Spiritual" title="Lords Spiritual">Lords Spiritual</a> are the Archbishops of <a href="/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Canterbury" class="mw-redirect" title="Archdiocese of Canterbury">Canterbury</a> and <a href="/wiki/Archdiocese_of_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Archdiocese of York">York</a>, the Bishops of <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_London" title="Diocese of London">London</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Winchester" title="Diocese of Winchester">Winchester</a> and <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Durham" title="Diocese of Durham">Durham</a>, and the twenty-one longest-serving bishops of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a> from among the other bishops (plus some female bishops of shorter service in consequence of the <a href="/wiki/Lords_Spiritual_(Women)_Act_2015" title="Lords Spiritual (Women) Act 2015">Lords Spiritual (Women) Act 2015</a>), who are all entitled to receive writs of summons in right of their bishoprics or archbishoprics. </p><p>The Lords Temporal greatly outnumber the Lords Spiritual, there being nearly 800 of the former and only 26 of the latter. As of December 2016, 92 Lords Temporal sit in the House in right of hereditary peerages (that being the maximum number allowed under the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords_Act_1999" title="House of Lords Act 1999">House of Lords Act 1999</a>) and 19 sit in right of judicial life peerages under the <a href="/wiki/Appellate_Jurisdiction_Act_1876" title="Appellate Jurisdiction Act 1876">Appellate Jurisdiction Act 1876</a>. The rest are life peers under the <a href="/wiki/Life_Peerages_Act_1958" title="Life Peerages Act 1958">Life Peerages Act 1958</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Judiciary">Judiciary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lord&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Judiciary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Judiciary of the United Kingdom">Judiciary of the United Kingdom</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Charles_Pepys,_1st_Earl_of_Cottenham_by_Charles_Robert_Leslie_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Charles_Pepys%2C_1st_Earl_of_Cottenham_by_Charles_Robert_Leslie_cropped.jpg/220px-Charles_Pepys%2C_1st_Earl_of_Cottenham_by_Charles_Robert_Leslie_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="337" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Charles_Pepys%2C_1st_Earl_of_Cottenham_by_Charles_Robert_Leslie_cropped.jpg/330px-Charles_Pepys%2C_1st_Earl_of_Cottenham_by_Charles_Robert_Leslie_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Charles_Pepys%2C_1st_Earl_of_Cottenham_by_Charles_Robert_Leslie_cropped.jpg/440px-Charles_Pepys%2C_1st_Earl_of_Cottenham_by_Charles_Robert_Leslie_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="936" data-file-height="1432" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Charles_Pepys,_1st_Earl_of_Cottenham" title="Charles Pepys, 1st Earl of Cottenham">Charles Pepys, 1st Earl of Cottenham</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Lord_Chancellor" title="Lord Chancellor">Lord Chancellor</a> of the United Kingdom</figcaption></figure> <p>Until the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Supreme Court of the United Kingdom">Supreme Court of the United Kingdom</a> (2009), certain <a href="/wiki/Judge" title="Judge">judges</a> sat in the House of Lords by virtue of holding life peerages. Most of them (those who were members of the <a href="/wiki/Appellate_Committee_of_the_House_of_Lords" class="mw-redirect" title="Appellate Committee of the House of Lords">Appellate Committee</a>) were known collectively as the <a href="/wiki/Lord_of_Appeal_in_Ordinary" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord of Appeal in Ordinary">Law Lords</a>. All judges, including former Law Lords, lost the right to sit and vote in the House of Lords, despite retaining their life peerages, upon creation of the Supreme Court. The appellation "Lord", though not the style, is also used to refer to some judges in certain <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth</a> legal systems, who are not peers. Some such judges, for instance judges of the <a href="/wiki/Court_of_Appeal_of_England_and_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Court of Appeal of England and Wales">Court of Appeal of England and Wales</a>, are called "Lord Justice". Other Commonwealth judges, for example judges of Canadian provincial supreme courts, are known only as Justices but are addressed with deference in court as 'My Lord', 'My Lady', 'Your Lordship' or 'Your Ladyship'. </p><p>Examples of judges who use the appellation "lord" include: </p> <ul><li>Justices of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom not holding peerages, who are addressed as if they were life peers by <a href="/wiki/Warrant_(law)" title="Warrant (law)">Royal Warrant</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wives of male justices who are not peers are addressed as if they were wives of peers. These forms of address are applicable both in court and in social contexts.</li> <li>Judges of the <a href="/wiki/Court_of_Appeal_of_England_and_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Court of Appeal of England and Wales">Court of Appeal of England and Wales</a>, known as 'Lords Justices of Appeal'.</li> <li>Judges of the Scottish <a href="/wiki/Court_of_Session" title="Court of Session">Court of Session</a>, known as 'Lords of Council and Session'.</li> <li>Justices of the Canadian provincial Supreme Courts, addressed in Court as "My Lord" or "My Lady" and referred to in legal literature as "Lordships" or "Ladyships".</li> <li>Judges of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_India" title="Supreme Court of India">Supreme Court of India</a> and the <a href="/wiki/High_Courts_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="High Courts of India">High Courts of India</a>, who are addressed as "My Lord" and "Your Lordship" in court. The <a href="/wiki/Bar_Council_of_India" title="Bar Council of India">Bar Council of India</a> called upon lawyers to give up this practice of addressing judges as 'lords' in 2006 but in practice, this was ignored.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Naval">Naval</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lord&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Naval"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Board of Admiralty (1628–1964) was established in 1628 when Charles I put the office of <a href="/wiki/Lord_High_Admiral_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Lord High Admiral of the United Kingdom">Lord High Admiral</a> into commission. The title Naval Lord to the Board of Admiralty was first used around the 1600s. These were a body of Senior Admirals, first called Naval Lord Commissioners, then Naval Lords then Professional Naval Lords then Sea Lords. The President of the Board was known as the First Lord of the Admiralty (with the other five Naval appointments being the Second Sea Lord, Third Sea Lord, etc. sequentially), or sometimes First Lord Commissioner of the Admiralty. With the abolition of the Board of Admiralty and its merger into the Ministry of Defence in 1964, formal control of the Navy was taken over by the Admiralty Board of the Defence Council of the United Kingdom, with the day-to-day running of the Navy taken over by the Navy Board. The office of Lord High Admiral was vested in the Crown (i.e. in the person of the current British monarch) and that of First Lord of the Admiralty ceased to exist, but the First, Second and Third Sea Lords retained their titles, despite ceasing to be Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty. To this day (2023) the first two senior officers of the Royal Navy are still known as <a href="/wiki/First_Sea_Lord_and_Chief_of_the_Naval_Staff" class="mw-redirect" title="First Sea Lord and Chief of the Naval Staff">First Sea Lord and Chief of the Naval Staff</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Second_Sea_Lord_and_Deputy_Chief_of_Naval_Staff" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Sea Lord and Deputy Chief of Naval Staff">Second Sea Lord and Deputy Chief of Naval Staff</a>. </p><p>The Lords Commissioners were entitled collectively to be known as "The Right Honourable the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty", and were commonly referred to collectively as "Their Lordships" or "My Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty", though individual members were not entitled to these styles. More informally, they were known in short as "The Lords of the Admiralty". The <a href="/wiki/Board_of_Admiralty" title="Board of Admiralty">Lords of the Admiralty</a> are not peers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ecclesiastical">Ecclesiastical</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lord&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Ecclesiastical"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>, and in most countries that are members or former members of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth</a>, bishops may be addressed as "My Lord" or "My Lord Bishop" or "Your Lordship", particularly on formal occasions. This usage is not restricted to those bishops who sit in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a>. Indeed, by custom, it is not restricted to bishops of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a> but applies to bishops of the <a href="/wiki/Church_in_Wales" title="Church in Wales">Church in Wales</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Episcopal_Church" title="Scottish Episcopal Church">Scottish Episcopal Church</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a>, and may be applied (though less commonly) to bishops of other Christian denominations. It has become more common to use simply the one word "<a href="/wiki/Bishop" title="Bishop">Bishop</a>". </p><p>In the United States, bishops are addressed as "Excellency". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_High_Offices_of_State">Other High Offices of State</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lord&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Other High Offices of State"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Various other high offices of state in the United Kingdom, Commonwealth and Republic of Ireland are prefixed with the deferential appellation of "lord". </p><p>These include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Officers_of_State_(United_Kingdom)" title="Great Officers of State (United Kingdom)">Great Officers of State (United Kingdom)</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Lord_Chancellor" title="Lord Chancellor">Lord Chancellor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lord_Privy_Seal" title="Lord Privy Seal">Lord Privy Seal</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lord_President_of_the_Council" title="Lord President of the Council">Lord President of the Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_England" title="Local government in England">Council officials</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Lord_mayor" title="Lord mayor">Lord Mayor</a> in England or <a href="/wiki/Lord_provost" title="Lord provost">Lord provost</a> in Scotland.</li> <li>Royal representatives, such as the <a href="/wiki/Lord-lieutenant" title="Lord-lieutenant">Lord-lieutenant</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lord_High_Commissioner_to_the_General_Assembly_of_the_Church_of_Scotland" title="Lord High Commissioner to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland">Lord High Commissioner to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraldry" title="Heraldry">Heraldic</a> officials such as the <a href="/wiki/Lord_Lyon_King_of_Arms" title="Lord Lyon King of Arms">Lord Lyon King of Arms</a></li></ul> <p>Holders of these offices are not <i><a href="/wiki/Ex_officio" class="mw-redirect" title="Ex officio">ex officio</a></i> peers, although the holders of some of the offices were in the past always peers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Non-English_equivalents">Non-English equivalents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lord&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Non-English equivalents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In most cultures in Europe an equivalent appellation denoting deference exists. The French term <i><a href="/wiki/Monseigneur" title="Monseigneur">Mon Seigneur</a></i> ("My Lord"), shortened to the modern French <i>Monsieur</i>, derives directly from the <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> <i>seniorem</i>, meaning "elder, senior".<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From this Latin source derived directly also the Italian <i>Signore</i>, the Spanish <i>Señor</i>, the Portuguese <i><a href="/wiki/Senhor" title="Senhor">Senhor</a></i>. </p><p>Non-<a href="/wiki/Romance_languages" title="Romance languages">Romance languages</a> have their own equivalents. Of the Germanic family there is the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a> <i>Meneer/Mijnheer/De Heer</i> (as in: <i>aan de heer Joren Jansen</i>), German <i>Herr</i>, and Danish <i>Herre</i>. All three of these stem from a Germanic title of respect (in this case, from the <a href="/wiki/Proto-Germanic_language" title="Proto-Germanic language">Proto-Germanic</a> root <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hairaz" class="extiw" title="wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hairaz">*haira-</a></i>, "hoary, venerable, grey", likely a loan translation of Latin <i>seniorem</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In other European languages there is <a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a> <i>Arglwydd</i>, <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a> <i>Úr</i>, Greek <i><a href="/wiki/Kyrie" title="Kyrie">Kyrie</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a> <i>Pan</i>, Czech <i>pán</i>, <a href="/wiki/Breton_language" title="Breton language">Breton</a> <i>Aotrou</i>, and <a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian</a> <i>Zoti</i>. </p><p>In several Indian languages there are the <a href="/wiki/Hindi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindi language">Hindi</a> <i>Swami</i>, <i>Prabhu</i>, <i>Thakur</i>, <i>Samprabhu</i> (Overlord) and also words like <i>Saheb</i> or <i>Laat Saheb</i> from <i>Lord Saheb</i> were once used but have changed in meaning now, <a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a> <i>Prabhuvu</i>, <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a> <i>Koman</i>, <a href="/wiki/Kannada" title="Kannada">Kannada</a> <i>Dore</i>, <a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a> <i>Probhu</i>, <a href="/wiki/Gujarati_language" title="Gujarati language">Gujarati</a> <i>Swami</i>, <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a> <i>Su'āmī</i>, <a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nepali</a> <i>Prabhu</i>. Words like <i>Swami</i> and <i>Prabhu</i> are <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanskrit language">Sanskrit</a>-origin words, common in many Indian languages. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Philippines" title="Languages of the Philippines">Philippine languages</a> have different words for "lord", some of which are cognates. <a href="/wiki/Tagalog_language" title="Tagalog language">Tagalog</a> has <i>Panginoón</i> for "lord" in both the noble and the religious senses. Its root, <i>ginoo</i>, is also found in <a href="/wiki/Visayan_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Visayan languages">Visayan languages</a> like <a href="/wiki/Cebuano_language" title="Cebuano language">Cebuano</a> as the term for "lord". <i>Ginoo</i> is also the Tagalog root for <i>Ginoóng</i>, the modern equivalent of the English term "<a href="/wiki/Mr" class="mw-redirect" title="Mr">Mister</a>" (akin to how Romance language terms like <i>señor</i> may be glossed as either "lord", "mister", or "sir"). <a href="/wiki/Ilocano_language" title="Ilocano language">Ilocano</a> meanwhile employs <i><a href="/wiki/Ilokano_particles#apo" class="mw-redirect" title="Ilokano particles">Apo</a></i> for "Lord" in religious contexts; it is a <a href="/wiki/Grammatical_particle" title="Grammatical particle">particle</a> that generally accords respect to an addressee of higher status than the speaker. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Yoruba_language" title="Yoruba language">Yoruba language</a> of West Africa, the words <i>Olu</i> and <i>Oluwa</i> are used in much the same way as the English term. <a href="/wiki/Olodumare" class="mw-redirect" title="Olodumare">Olodumare</a>, the Yoruba conception of <a href="/wiki/God_Almighty" class="mw-redirect" title="God Almighty">God Almighty</a>, is often referred to using either of these two words. In the Yoruba <a href="/wiki/Chieftaincy" class="mw-redirect" title="Chieftaincy">chieftaincy</a> system, meanwhile, the Oluwo of <a href="/wiki/Iwo,_Osun_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Iwo, Osun State">Iwo</a>'s royal title translates to "Lord of Iwo". In <a href="/wiki/Lagos" title="Lagos">Lagos</a>, the Oluwa of Lagos is one of that kingdom's most powerful chiefs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lord&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language"> English</a>-speakers use the word "Lord" (generally with an initial upper-case letter) as a title of <a href="/wiki/Deference" title="Deference">deference</a> for various gods or deities. The earliest recorded use of "Lord" in the English language in a religious context<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> occurred in the work of English writers such as <a href="/wiki/Bede" title="Bede">Bede</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 673</span> – 735). However, Bede wrote in Latin<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Michael_Lapidge" title="Michael Lapidge">Michael Lapidge</a> describes him as "without question the most accomplished Latinist produced in these islands in the Anglo-Saxon <span class="nowrap">period"<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>).</span> He used an Anglo-Saxon phrase<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too vague attribution or weasel words. (April 2021)">which?</span></a></i>]</sup> that indicated a noble, prince, ruler or lord to refer to <a href="/wiki/God_in_Christianity" title="God in Christianity">God</a>; however, he applied this as a gloss to the Latin text that he was producing, and not as a clear translation of the term itself. "Lord", as a gloss to Old English <span title="Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text"><i lang="ang">dryhten</i></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> meant "royal", "ruler", "prince", or "noble", and did not indicate a deity. After the 11th-century <a href="/wiki/Norman_conquest" class="mw-redirect" title="Norman conquest">Norman invasion</a> of England and the influx of Norman-French-speaking clerics, this semantic field began to appear in religious texts as well, but that occurred during the later Middle Ages and not in Bede's early medieval period. The word "Lord" appears frequently in the <a href="/wiki/King_James_Bible" class="mw-redirect" title="King James Bible">King James Bible</a> of the early 17th century. See also the article <a href="/wiki/Jesus_is_Lord" title="Jesus is Lord">Jesus is Lord</a>. </p> <ul><li>English-language <a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a> translations such as the <a href="/wiki/King_James_Version" title="King James Version">King James Version</a> usually render the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a> name <a href="/wiki/Yahweh" title="Yahweh"><i>YHWH</i></a> (the <a href="/wiki/Tetragrammaton" title="Tetragrammaton">Tetragrammaton</a>) as "the L<span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">ORD</span>" with <a href="/wiki/Small_caps" title="Small caps">small caps</a>. This usage follows the <a href="/wiki/Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish">Jewish</a> practice of substituting the spoken Hebrew word "<a href="/wiki/Adonai" class="mw-redirect" title="Adonai">Adonai</a>" ("My Lords") for appearances of <i>YHWH</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a> translations into English often refer to <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> as <a href="/wiki/Jesus_is_Lord" title="Jesus is Lord">"Lord" or "the Lord"</a>, translating Greek <a href="/wiki/Kyrios" title="Kyrios">κύριος</a>.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Aramaic" title="Aramaic">Aramaic</a>, the title <a href="/wiki/Mar_(title)" title="Mar (title)">Mar</a>, which means "Lord", is used for saints, ecclesiastical figures, and Jesus.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Semitic_religion" title="Ancient Semitic religion">Semitic religions</a> gave other deities appellations corresponding to "Lord" including: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ba%CA%BFal" class="mw-redirect" title="Baʿal">Baʿal</a> ("Lord"), as used by the <a href="/wiki/Canaanites" class="mw-redirect" title="Canaanites">Canaanites</a> both as a generic term of address to various local deities and as the spoken name for the <a href="/wiki/Storm_god" class="mw-redirect" title="Storm god">storm god</a> <a href="/wiki/Ba%CA%BFal_Haddu" class="mw-redirect" title="Baʿal Haddu">Baʿal Haddu</a> once the form "Hadad" became too sacred for any but his high priest to utter.</li> <li>Similarly, <a href="/wiki/Tammuz_(god)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tammuz (god)">Tammuz</a> came to be addressed as "Adoni" ("My Lord").</li></ul></li> <li>In the non-Semitic <a href="/wiki/Sumer" title="Sumer">Sumerian</a> culture, <a href="/wiki/EN_(cuneiform)" title="EN (cuneiform)"><i>En</i></a> means "Lord", as in the names of Sumerian deities such as <a href="/wiki/Enki" title="Enki">Enki</a> and <a href="/wiki/Enlil" title="Enlil">Enlil</a>.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gautama_Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Gautama Buddha">Gautama Buddha</a> is often called "Lord Buddha".</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a>, "Lord" refers to the <a href="/wiki/Mahavira" title="Mahavira">Mahavira</a>.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_religion" title="Ancient Greek religion">Ancient Greece</a>, the name <i><a href="/wiki/Adonis" title="Adonis">Adonis</a></i> was a form of the Semitic <i>Adoni</i>.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Norse_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Norse religion">Old Norse</a>, the names <a href="/wiki/Freyr" title="Freyr">Freyr</a> and <a href="/wiki/Freya" class="mw-redirect" title="Freya">Freya</a> may have the etymological meaning "Lord" and "Lady" respectively.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Wicca" title="Wicca">Wiccan</a> God is often referred to as "The Lord" and the Wiccan Goddess as "The Lady", or in the combination "Lord and Lady" (in this form, the definite article "<a href="/wiki/The" title="The">the</a>" is usually omitted), usually in reference to a mythological pairing such as <a href="/wiki/Cernunos" class="mw-redirect" title="Cernunos">Cernunos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cerridwen" class="mw-redirect" title="Cerridwen">Cerridwen</a>.</li> <li>Believers in <a href="/wiki/Mormonism" title="Mormonism">Mormonism</a> regard <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> as the YHVH (<a href="/wiki/Jehovah" title="Jehovah">Jehovah</a>) of the <a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a> in his pre-mortal existence, and since that name is translated as "the Lord" in the <a href="/wiki/King_James_Bible" class="mw-redirect" title="King James Bible">King James Bible</a>, in Mormonism "the Lord" refers to Jesus. <a href="/wiki/Elohim" title="Elohim">Elohim</a>, seen as a separate individual who is the father of Jesus, is generally referred to by Mormons as "God" or "Heavenly Father". (See <a href="/wiki/Mormon_cosmology" title="Mormon cosmology">Mormon cosmology</a> for references.)</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Hindu_theology" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu theology">Hindu theology</a>, the <i><a href="/wiki/Svayam_Bhagavan" title="Svayam Bhagavan">Svayam Bhagavan</a></i> may refer to the concept of the <a href="/wiki/Absolute_(philosophy)" title="Absolute (philosophy)">Absolute</a> representation of the monotheistic God. Another name more commonly used in Hindu theology is <i><a href="/wiki/Ishvara" title="Ishvara">Ishvara</a></i>, meaning "The Lord", the <a href="/wiki/Personal_god" title="Personal god">personal god</a> consisting of the trinity of <a href="/wiki/Brahma" title="Brahma">Brahma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a>. In common parlance, 'Lord' is used before many <a href="/wiki/Hindu_deities" title="Hindu deities">deities</a>, for example, Lord <a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a>, Lord <a href="/wiki/Ganesha" title="Ganesha">Ganesha</a>, Lord <a href="/wiki/Rama" title="Rama">Rama</a> etc. as a translation of "<a href="/wiki/Shri" title="Shri">Shri</a>".</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>: The English term "Lord" often translates the Arabic term <i><a href="/wiki/Rabb" title="Rabb">rabb</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">رب</span>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Titles">Titles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lord&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Titles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Historical usage </p> <ul><li>Europe: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Bishop" title="Lord Bishop">Lord Bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_High_Admiral_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Lord High Admiral of the United Kingdom">Lord High Admiral of the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_High_Constable_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Lord High Constable (disambiguation)">Lord High Constable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_High_Steward" title="Lord High Steward">Lord High Steward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_High_Treasurer" title="Lord High Treasurer">Lord High Treasurer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Protector" title="Lord Protector">Lord Protector</a></li></ul></li> <li>Asia: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_lords" title="Nguyễn lords">Nguyễn lords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BB%8Bnh_lords" title="Trịnh lords">Trịnh lords</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p>Present usage: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Chamberlain" title="Lord Chamberlain">Lord Chamberlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Chancellor" title="Lord Chancellor">Lord Chancellor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Commissioner_of_Justiciary" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Commissioner of Justiciary">Lord Commissioner of Justiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_High_Admiral_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Lord High Admiral (disambiguation)">Lord High Admiral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Justice_Clerk" title="Lord Justice Clerk">Lord Justice Clerk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Marshal_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Lord Marshal (disambiguation)">Lord Marshal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_mayor" title="Lord mayor">Lord mayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_of_Council_and_Session" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord of Council and Session">Lord of Council and Session</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_of_the_Isles" title="Lord of the Isles">Lord of the Isles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_of_the_Treasury" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord of the Treasury">Lord of the Treasury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_President_of_the_Court_of_Session" title="Lord President of the Court of Session">Lord President of the Court of Session</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_provost" title="Lord provost">Lord provost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Rector" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Rector">Lord Rector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Steward" title="Lord Steward">Lord Steward</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lord&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Forms_of_address_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Forms of address in the United Kingdom">Forms of address in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl"><a href="/wiki/Heerlijkheid" title="Heerlijkheid">Heerlijkheid</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Prayer" title="Lord's Prayer">Lord's Prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milord" title="Milord">Milord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/False_titles_of_nobility" title="False titles of nobility">False titles of nobility</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lord&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Bede could refer to Jesus in Latin as <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Dominus_(title)" title="Dominus (title)"> Dominus</a></i></span>, for example in <i>De temporibus</i>: "<i>Dominus nascitur</i>" (the Lord was born)<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Latin word <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dominus" class="extiw" title="wikt:dominus">dominus</a></i></span>, originally associated with the master of a household, acquired conotations of "master", "owner" (of slaves, for example) and eventually of "lord" and "ruler".</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lord&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Definition expands on: "lord" Dictionary.com Unabridged. Random House, Inc. 28 Dec. 2011. <Dictionary.com <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/lord">http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/lord</a>>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"This word means in general one with power and authority, a master or ruler...The word is used for anyone whom it was desired to address deferentially" Cruden's Complete Concordance to the Bible, revised edition, 1992, "Lord", p.390</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Oxford English Dictionary Second Edition (Revised 2005), p.1036</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.manorialsociety.co.uk/glossary.html">"Glossary"</a>. <i>The Manorial Society of Great Britain</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Manorial+Society+of+Great+Britain&rft.atitle=Glossary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.manorialsociety.co.uk%2Fglossary.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.landregistry.gov.uk/professional/guides/practice-guide-22">"Manors: manorial titles and rights (PG22) - Publications - GOV.UK"</a>. <i>www.landregistry.gov.uk</i>. 24 June 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-08-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.landregistry.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Manors%3A+manorial+titles+and+rights+%28PG22%29+-+Publications+-+GOV.UK&rft.date=2015-06-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.landregistry.gov.uk%2Fprofessional%2Fguides%2Fpractice-guide-22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Manors: manorial titles and rights (PG22)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/publications/agencies-public-bodies/ips/passports-policy-publications/observations-passports?view=Binary">"Observations in passports - Publications - GOV.UK"</a>. <i>www.homeoffice.gov.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-08-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.homeoffice.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Observations+in+passports+-+Publications+-+GOV.UK&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.homeoffice.gov.uk%2Fpublications%2Fagencies-public-bodies%2Fips%2Fpassports-policy-publications%2Fobservations-passports%3Fview%3DBinary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2001-2009.state.gov/documents/organization/94676.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-06-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F2001-2009.state.gov%2Fdocuments%2Forganization%2F94676.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2013L00440/Explanatory%20Statement/Text">"Australian Passports Amendment Determination 2013 (No. 1)"</a>. <i>Federal Register of Legislation</i>. Australian Government<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Federal+Register+of+Legislation&rft.atitle=Australian+Passports+Amendment+Determination+2013+%28No.+1%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.comlaw.gov.au%2FDetails%2FF2013L00440%2FExplanatory%2520Statement%2FText&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Lord"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Lord">"Lord" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 992.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Lord&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=992&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.supremecourt.uk/docs/pr_1013.pdf">"Press Notice: Courtesy titles for Justices of the Supreme Court"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>www.supremecourt.uk</i>. The Supreme Court of the United Kingdom. 13 December 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.supremecourt.uk&rft.atitle=Press+Notice%3A+Courtesy+titles+for+Justices+of+the+Supreme+Court&rft.date=2010-12-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.supremecourt.uk%2Fdocs%2Fpr_1013.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/supreme-court-judge-stop-saying-my-lord-will-give-you-half-my-salary-4539579">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Stop Saying My Lord, Will Give You Half My Salary": Supreme Court Judge"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Stop+Saying+My+Lord%2C+Will+Give+You+Half+My+Salary%22%3A+Supreme+Court+Judge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ndtv.com%2Findia-news%2Fsupreme-court-judge-stop-saying-my-lord-will-give-you-half-my-salary-4539579&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Larousse Dictionnaire de la Langue Française</i>, Paris, 1979, p.1713</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://etymonline.com/index.php?term=hoar&allowed_in_frame=0">"Online Etymology Dictionary"</a>. <i>etymonline.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-08-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=etymonline.com&rft.atitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fetymonline.com%2Findex.php%3Fterm%3Dhoar%26allowed_in_frame%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFReference-OED-_lord" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/search/dictionary/?q=lord">"lord"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i> (Online ed.). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=lord&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.edition=Online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fsearch%2Fdictionary%2F%3Fq%3Dlord&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/public/login/loggingin#withyourlibrary">participating institution membership</a> required.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> For example: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBede1843" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Bede" title="Bede">Bede</a> (1843). "De temporibus: 22: De sexta Aetate". In <a href="/wiki/John_Allen_Giles" title="John Allen Giles">Giles, John Allen</a> (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XCbrPwDEWC0C"><i>The Complete Works of Venerable Bede, in the Original Latin: Accompanied by a New English Translation of the Historical Works and a Life of the Author</i></a> (in Latin). Vol. 6: Scientific tracts and appendix. London: Whittaker and Company. p. 136<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 November</span> 2024</span>. <q>[...] Dominus nascitur, completis ab Adam annis MMMDCCCCLII. [...] Dominus crucifigitur.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=De+temporibus%3A+22%3A+De+sexta+Aetate&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Works+of+Venerable+Bede%2C+in+the+Original+Latin%3A+Accompanied+by+a+New+English+Translation+of+the+Historical+Works+and+a+Life+of+the+Author&rft.place=London&rft.pages=136&rft.pub=Whittaker+and+Company&rft.date=1843&rft.au=Bede&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXCbrPwDEWC0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLapidge2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Lapidge" title="Michael Lapidge">Lapidge, Michael</a> (24 November 2005). "Poeticism in Pre-Conquest Anglo-Latin Prose". In <a href="/wiki/Tobias_Reinhardt" title="Tobias Reinhardt">Reinhardt, Tobias</a>; <a href="/wiki/Michael_Lapidge" title="Michael Lapidge">Lapidge, Michael</a>; Adams, John Norman (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=N9o-jJJqOSIC"><i>Aspects of the Language of Latin Prose</i></a>. Proceedings of the British Academy. Vol. 129. Oxford University Press/British Academy (published 2005). p. 323. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780197263327" title="Special:BookSources/9780197263327"><bdi>9780197263327</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0068-1202">0068-1202</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2021</span>. <q>A useful starting point is Bede, who was without question the most accomplished Latinist produced in these islands in the Anglo-Saxon period.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Poeticism+in+Pre-Conquest+Anglo-Latin+Prose&rft.btitle=Aspects+of+the+Language+of+Latin+Prose&rft.series=Proceedings+of+the+British+Academy&rft.pages=323&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press%2FBritish+Academy&rft.date=2005-11-24&rft.issn=0068-1202&rft.isbn=9780197263327&rft.aulast=Lapidge&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DN9o-jJJqOSIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFReference-OED-_drightin" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/search/dictionary/?q=drightin">"drightin"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i> (Online ed.). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=drightin&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.edition=Online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fsearch%2Fdictionary%2F%3Fq%3Ddrightin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/public/login/loggingin#withyourlibrary">participating institution membership</a> required.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061207004013/http://www.bible-researcher.com/nasb-preface.html">"Preface to the New American Standard Bible"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_American_Standard_Bible" title="New American Standard Bible">New American Standard Bible</a></i> (Updated ed.). Anaheim, California: Foundation Publications (for the <a href="/wiki/Lockman_Foundation" title="Lockman Foundation">Lockman Foundation</a>). 1995. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bible-researcher.com/nasb-preface.html">the original</a> on 2006-12-07. <q>One of the titles for God is Lord, a translation of Adonai. There is yet another name which is particularly assigned to God as His special or proper name, that is, the four letters YHWH (Exodus 3:14 and Isaiah 42:8). This name has not been pronounced by the Jews because of reverence for the great sacredness of the divine name. Therefore, it has been consistently translated LORD. The only exception to this translation of YHWH is when it occurs in immediate proximity to the word Lord, that is, Adonai. In that case it is regularly translated GOD in order to avoid confusion.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+American+Standard+Bible&rft.atitle=Preface+to+the+New+American+Standard+Bible&rft.date=1995&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bible-researcher.com%2Fnasb-preface.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lord&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> The dictionary definition of <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/lord" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/lord"><i>lord</i></a> at Wiktionary</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/13px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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.navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="English_social_honorific_titles103" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Social_titles" title="Template:Social titles"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Social_titles" title="Template talk:Social titles"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Social_titles" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Social titles"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="English_social_honorific_titles103" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/English_honorifics" title="English honorifics">English social honorific</a> titles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Feminine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gentlewoman" title="Gentlewoman">Gentlewoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goodwife" title="Goodwife">Goodwife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mrs." title="Mrs.">Mrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miss" title="Miss">Miss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ms." title="Ms.">Ms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mistress_(form_of_address)" title="Mistress (form of address)">Mistress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madam" title="Madam">Madam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noblewoman" title="Noblewoman">Noblewoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dame" title="Dame">Dame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady" title="Lady">Lady</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Masculine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gentleman" title="Gentleman">Gentleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goodman_(title)" title="Goodman (title)">Goodman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mr." title="Mr.">Mr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esquire" title="Esquire">Esquire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_(form_of_address)" title="Master (form of address)">Master</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir" title="Sir">Sir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sire" title="Sire">Sire</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Father_(honorific)" title="Father (honorific)">Fr</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gender-neutral_title" title="Gender-neutral title">Neutral</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mx_(title)" title="Mx (title)">Mx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_(title)" title="Doctor (title)">Dr</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Social_class321" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Social_class" title="Template:Social class"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Social_class" title="Template talk:Social class"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Social_class" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Social class"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Social_class321" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_class" title="Social class">Social class</a></li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Social_status" title="Social status">Status</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Social_stratification" title="Social stratification">Stratum</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Economic_classes" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic classes">Economic classes</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Theories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elite_theory" title="Elite theory">Elite theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_model" title="Gilbert model">Gilbert model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxian_class_theory" title="Marxian class theory">Marxian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudsill_theory" title="Mudsill theory">Mudsill theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_class" title="New class">New class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spoon_class_theory" title="Spoon class theory">Spoon class theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-component_theory_of_stratification" title="Three-component theory of stratification">Weberian (three-component)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Related<wbr /> topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caste" title="Caste">Caste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chattering_classes" title="Chattering classes">Chattering classes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_conflict" title="Class conflict">Class conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_discrimination" title="Class discrimination">Class discrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_society" class="mw-redirect" title="Class society">Class society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_traitor" title="Class traitor">Class traitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classicide" title="Classicide">Classicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classless_society" title="Classless society">Classless society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euthenics" title="Euthenics">Euthenics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_society" title="High society">High society</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nouveau_riche" title="Nouveau riche">Nouveau riche</a></i> / <i><a href="/wiki/Parvenu" title="Parvenu">Parvenu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty" title="Poverty">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranked_society" title="Ranked society">Ranked society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snob" title="Snob">Snobbery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_cleansing" title="Social cleansing">Social cleansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_exclusion" title="Social exclusion">Social exclusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_mobility" title="Social mobility">Social mobility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_orphan" title="Social orphan">Social orphan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_position" title="Social position">Social position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_stigma" title="Social stigma">Social stigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subaltern_(postcolonialism)" title="Subaltern (postcolonialism)">Subaltern</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Status_Anxiety" title="Status Anxiety">Status Anxiety</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="By_demographic321" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div title="demographic">By demographic</div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">By status</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_detention" title="Administrative detention">Administrative detainee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alien_(law)" title="Alien (law)">Alien</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigration" title="Illegal immigration">illegal immigrant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugee" title="Refugee">refugee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizenship" title="Citizenship">Citizen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Multiple_citizenship" title="Multiple citizenship">dual or multiple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jus_soli" title="Jus soli">native-born</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naturalization" title="Naturalization">naturalized</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second-class_citizen" title="Second-class citizen">second-class</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clique" title="Clique">Clique</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adolescent_clique" title="Adolescent clique">adolescent</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loss_of_rights_due_to_conviction_for_criminal_offense" class="mw-redirect" title="Loss of rights due to conviction for criminal offense">Convicted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migrant_worker" title="Migrant worker">Migrant worker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_prisoner" title="Political prisoner">Political prisoner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socioeconomic_status" title="Socioeconomic status">Socioeconomic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statelessness" title="Statelessness">Stateless</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">By "<a href="/wiki/Designation_of_workers_by_collar_color" title="Designation of workers by collar color">collar</a>"</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue-collar_worker" title="Blue-collar worker">Blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green-collar_worker" title="Green-collar worker">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grey-collar" title="Grey-collar">Grey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New-collar_worker" title="New-collar worker">New</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pink-collar_worker" title="Pink-collar worker">Pink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White-collar_worker" title="White-collar worker">White</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">By type</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ruling_class" title="Ruling class">Ruling</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aristocracy_(class)" title="Aristocracy (class)">Aristocracy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aristoi" title="Aristoi">Aristoi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanseaten_(class)" title="Hanseaten (class)">Hanseaten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnate" title="Magnate">Magnate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oligarchy" title="Oligarchy">Oligarchy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_oligarch" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian oligarch">Russian</a></li></ul></li> <li>Patrician <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patrician_(ancient_Rome)" title="Patrician (ancient Rome)">Ancient Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrician_(post-Roman_Europe)" title="Patrician (post-Roman Europe)">Post-Roman</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_class" title="Political class">Political</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_family" title="Political family">Family</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_families" title="List of political families">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hereditary_politicians" title="Hereditary politicians">Hereditary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_family" title="Royal family">Royal family</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Intellectual" title="Intellectual">Intellectual</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clergy" title="Clergy">Clergy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Priest" title="Priest">Priest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knowledge_worker" title="Knowledge worker">Knowledge worker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professor" title="Professor">Professor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scholar" title="Scholar">Scholar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Warrior" title="Warrior">Warrior</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chhetri" title="Chhetri">Chhetri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cossacks" title="Cossacks">Cossacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_warrior" title="Eagle warrior">Cuāuh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harii" title="Harii">Harii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Assassins" title="Order of Assassins">Hashashin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knight" title="Knight">Knight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kshatriya" title="Kshatriya">Kshatriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nair_castes" class="mw-redirect" title="Nair castes">Nair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaguar_warrior" title="Jaguar warrior">Ocēlōtl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pendekar" title="Pendekar">Pendekar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samurai" title="Samurai">Samurai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spartiate" title="Spartiate">Spartiate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanniyar" title="Vanniyar">Vanniyar</a>/<a href="/wiki/Vanniar_(Chieftain)" title="Vanniar (Chieftain)">Vanniar (Chieftain)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Upper_class" title="Upper class">Upper</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Business_magnate" title="Business magnate">Business magnate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elite" title="Elite">Elite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentry" title="Gentry">Gentry</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">Nobility</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Landed_nobility" title="Landed nobility">Landed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petty_nobility" title="Petty nobility">Petty</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_money" title="Old money">Old money</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overclass" title="Overclass">Overclass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robber_baron_(industrialist)" title="Robber baron (industrialist)">Robber baron</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Seigneur" title="Seigneur">Seigneur</a></i></span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Superclass_(book)" title="Superclass (book)">Superclass</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Creative_class" title="Creative class">Creative</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bohemianism" title="Bohemianism">Bohemians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Middle_class" title="Middle class">Middle</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bourgeoisie" title="Bourgeoisie">Bourgeoisie</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Petite_bourgeoisie" title="Petite bourgeoisie">Petite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgher_(social_class)" title="Burgher (social class)">Burgher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_middle_class" title="Lower middle class">Lower middle class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_middle_class" title="Upper middle class">Upper middle class</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Working_class" title="Working class">Working</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commoner" title="Commoner">Commoner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazzaroni_(Naples)" title="Lazzaroni (Naples)">Lazzaroni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumpenproletariat" title="Lumpenproletariat">Lumpenproletariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pea-pickers" title="Pea-pickers">Pea-pickers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peasant" title="Peasant">Peasant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precariat" title="Precariat">Precariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proletariat" title="Proletariat">Proletariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_poor" title="Working poor">Working poor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Underclass" title="Underclass">Under</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ant_tribe" title="Ant tribe">Ant tribe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outcast_(person)" title="Outcast (person)">Outcast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outlaw" title="Outlaw">Outlaw</a> / <a href="/wiki/Prisoner" title="Prisoner">Prisoner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serfdom" title="Serfdom">Serf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plebeians" title="Plebeians">Plebeian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rat_tribe" title="Rat tribe">Rat tribe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery" title="Slavery">Slave</a> / <a href="/wiki/Freedman" title="Freedman">Freedman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Untouchability" title="Untouchability">Untouchable</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="By_country_or_region321" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div title="country">By country or region</div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="United_States92" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Social_class_in_the_United_States" title="Social class in the United States">United States</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affluence_in_the_United_States" title="Affluence in the United States">Affluence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Dream" title="American Dream">American Dream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_class_in_American_history" title="Social class in American history">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socioeconomic_mobility_in_the_United_States" title="Socioeconomic mobility in the United States">Mobility</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Social_class_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Social class in the United States">Classes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_upper_class" title="American upper class">Upper</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African-American_upper_class" title="African-American upper class">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donor_Class" class="mw-redirect" title="Donor Class">Donor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_gentry" title="American gentry">Gentry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_middle_class" title="American middle class">Middle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African-American_middle_class" title="African-American middle class">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican-American_middle_class" title="Mexican-American middle class">Mexican-American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_middle_class_in_the_United_States" title="Upper middle class in the United States">Upper Middle</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_privilege" title="Social privilege">Underprivileged</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_lower_class" title="American lower class">Lower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the United States">Under</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Income_in_the_United_States" title="Income in the United States">Income</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Household_income_in_the_United_States" title="Household income in the United States">Household</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income_inequality_in_the_United_States" title="Income inequality in the United States">Inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_income_in_the_United_States" title="Personal income in the United States">Personal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_the_United_States" title="Poverty in the United States">Poverty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_of_living_in_the_United_States" title="Standard of living in the United States">Standard of living</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Educational_attainment_in_the_United_States" title="Educational attainment in the United States">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_the_United_States" title="Homelessness in the United States">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home-ownership_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Home-ownership in the United States">Home-ownership</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Other regions<wbr /> or countries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caste_systems_in_Africa" title="Caste systems in Africa">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belizean_society" title="Belizean society">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_class_in_Cambodia" title="Social class in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_structure_of_China" title="Social structure of China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_class_in_Colombia" title="Social class in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_class_in_France" title="Social class in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_class_in_Haiti" title="Social class in Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caste_system_in_India" title="Caste system in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_class_in_Iran" title="Social class in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_class_in_Italy" title="Social class in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_class_in_Luxembourg" title="Social class in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caste_system_in_Nepal" title="Caste system in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_class_in_New_Zealand" title="Social class in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_class_in_Nigeria" title="Social class in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_structure_of_Romania" title="Social structure of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_class_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Social class in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_class_in_Tibet" title="Social class in Tibet">Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_class_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Social class in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_class_in_the_United_States" title="Social class in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Historic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a 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mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>45 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> 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