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life of its founder </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_life_of_its_founder-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Founding_of_the_Kodokan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Founding_of_the_Kodokan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Founding of the Kodokan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Founding_of_the_Kodokan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Judo_versus_jujutsu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judo_versus_jujutsu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Judo versus jujutsu </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judo_versus_jujutsu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Judo_waza_(techniques)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judo_waza_(techniques)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Judo waza (techniques) </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Judo_waza_(techniques)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Judo waza (techniques) subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Judo_waza_(techniques)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nage-waza_(throwing_techniques)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nage-waza_(throwing_techniques)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Nage-waza (throwing techniques) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nage-waza_(throwing_techniques)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Katame-waza_(grappling_techniques)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Katame-waza_(grappling_techniques)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Katame-waza (grappling techniques) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Katame-waza_(grappling_techniques)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Atemi-waza_(striking_techniques)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Atemi-waza_(striking_techniques)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Atemi-waza (striking techniques) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Atemi-waza_(striking_techniques)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pedagogy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pedagogy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Pedagogy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Pedagogy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Pedagogy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Pedagogy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Randori_(free_practice)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Randori_(free_practice)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Randori (free practice) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Randori_(free_practice)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kata_(forms)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kata_(forms)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Kata (forms) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kata_(forms)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tandoku-renshu_(practice_by_oneself!)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tandoku-renshu_(practice_by_oneself!)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Tandoku-renshu (practice by oneself!) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tandoku-renshu_(practice_by_oneself!)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Competitive_judo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Competitive_judo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Competitive judo </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Competitive_judo-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Competitive judo subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Competitive_judo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 History </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Use_of_judo_at_the_Summer_Olympic_Games" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use_of_judo_at_the_Summer_Olympic_Games"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Use of judo at the Summer Olympic Games </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Use_of_judo_at_the_Summer_Olympic_Games-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Use_of_judo_at_the_Summer_Paralympic_Games" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use_of_judo_at_the_Summer_Paralympic_Games"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Use of judo at the Summer Paralympic Games </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Use_of_judo_at_the_Summer_Paralympic_Games-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Use_of_judo_at_the_Commonwealth_Games" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use_of_judo_at_the_Commonwealth_Games"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Use of judo at the Commonwealth Games </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Use_of_judo_at_the_Commonwealth_Games-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Current_international_contest_rules" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_international_contest_rules"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Current international contest rules </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current_international_contest_rules-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Weight_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Weight_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5.1 Weight divisions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Weight_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Competition_scoring" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Competition_scoring"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5.2 Competition scoring </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Competition_scoring-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Penalties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Penalties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5.3 Penalties </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Penalties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_mixed_martial_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_mixed_martial_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 In mixed martial arts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_mixed_martial_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alternative_styles_and_derivative_martial_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alternative_styles_and_derivative_martial_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Alternative styles and derivative martial arts </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Alternative_styles_and_derivative_martial_arts-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Alternative styles and derivative martial arts subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Alternative_styles_and_derivative_martial_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kosen_judo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kosen_judo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Kosen judo </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kosen_judo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Freestyle_Judo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Freestyle_Judo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Freestyle Judo </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Freestyle_Judo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Georgian_Judo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Georgian_Judo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Georgian Judo </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Georgian_Judo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russian_Judo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russian_Judo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 Russian Judo </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russian_Judo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mongolian_Judo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mongolian_Judo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.5 Mongolian Judo </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mongolian_Judo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Korean_Judo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Korean_Judo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.6 Korean Judo </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Korean_Judo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-French_Judo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#French_Judo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.7 French Judo </div> </a> <ul id="toc-French_Judo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuban_Judo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuban_Judo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.8 Cuban Judo </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuban_Judo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Azerbaijani_Judo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Azerbaijani_Judo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.9 Azerbaijani Judo </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Azerbaijani_Judo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Israeli_Judo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Israeli_Judo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.10 Israeli Judo </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Israeli_Judo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sambo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sambo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.11 Sambo </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sambo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brazilian_jiu-jitsu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brazilian_jiu-jitsu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.12 Brazilian jiu-jitsu </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brazilian_jiu-jitsu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_styles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_styles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.13 Other styles </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_styles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Safety" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Safety"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Safety </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Safety-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Safety subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Safety-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kansetsu_and_shime_waza" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kansetsu_and_shime_waza"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Kansetsu and shime waza </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kansetsu_and_shime_waza-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nage_waza" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nage_waza"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Nage waza </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nage_waza-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mental_training" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mental_training"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Mental training </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mental_training-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Judoka_(practitioner)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judoka_(practitioner)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Judoka (practitioner) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judoka_(practitioner)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Judogi_(uniform)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judogi_(uniform)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Judogi (uniform) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judogi_(uniform)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organizations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organizations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Organizations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organizations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rank_and_grading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rank_and_grading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Rank and grading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rank_and_grading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_Judo_Day" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_Judo_Day"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 World Judo Day </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_Judo_Day-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Filmography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filmography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Filmography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Filmography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 18 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Judo</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 126 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-126" aria-hidden="true" > 126 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%88" title="جودو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جودو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yudu" title="Yudu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Yudu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B" title="जूडो – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="जूडो" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%BCdo" title="Cüdo – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Cüdo" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%88" title="جودو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="جودو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%8B" title="জুডো – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জুডো" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ji%C3%BB-t%C5%8D" title="Jiû-tō – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Jiû-tō" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B7%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Дзюдо – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Дзюдо" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B7%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Дзюдо – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Дзюдо" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B7%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Дзюдо – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Дзюдо" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Джудо – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Джудо" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%87%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8D" title="འབོལ་འཇུ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="འབོལ་འཇུ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEudo" title="Džudo – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Džudo" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiwdo" title="Jiwdo – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Jiwdo" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%88" title="جيدو – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="جيدو" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B6%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%BF" title="Τζούντο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τζούντο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B4udo" title="Ĵudo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĵudo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%88" title="جودو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جودو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%BAd%C3%B3" title="Júdó – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Júdó" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C5%ABd%C5%8D" title="Jūdō – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Jūdō" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%9C%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%A1%E0%AB%8B" title="જુડો – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="જુડો" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EB%8F%84" title="유도 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="유도" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%81%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A4%D5%B8" title="Ձյուդո – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ձյուդո" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B" title="जूडो – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जूडो" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEudo" title="Džudo – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Džudo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judoo" title="Judoo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Judoo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B7%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Дзюдо – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Дзюдо" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%BAd%C3%B3" title="Júdó – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Júdó" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%95%D7%93%D7%95" title="ג'ודו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'ודו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8B" title="ಜೂಡೋ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜೂಡೋ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AB%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D" title="ძიუდო – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ძიუდო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B7%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Дзюдо – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Дзюдо" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jido" title="Jido – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Jido" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B7%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Дзюдо – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Дзюдо" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iudo" title="Iudo – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Iudo" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEudo" title="Džudo – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Džudo" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dziudo" title="Dziudo – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Dziudo" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cselg%C3%A1ncs" title="Cselgáncs – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Cselgáncs" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8F%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Џудо – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Џудо" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8B" title="ജൂഡോ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജൂഡോ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AB%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D" title="ძიუდო – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ძიუდო" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%88" title="جودو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جودو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B7%D1%8E-%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Дзю-до – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Дзю-до" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D2%AF%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Жүдо – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Жүдо" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B0%E1%80%92%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF" title="ဂျူဒို – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂျူဒို" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B" title="जुडो – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="जुडो" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B" title="जुडो – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="जुडो" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9F%94%E9%81%93" title="柔道 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="柔道" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B7%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Дзюдо – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Дзюдо" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzudo" title="Dzudo – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Dzudo" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%8B" title="ਜੂਡੋ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜੂਡੋ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%DA%88%D9%88" title="جوڈو – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جوڈو" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%88" title="جودو – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="جودو" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzyudo" title="Dzyudo – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Dzyudo" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Джудо – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Джудо" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B7%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Дзюдо – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Дзюдо" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%B3" title="ᱡᱩᱰᱳ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱡᱩᱰᱳ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xhudoja" title="Xhudoja – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Xhudoja" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%9D" title="ජූඩෝ – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ජූඩෝ" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%DA%8A%D9%88" title="جوڊو – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="جوڊو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEudo" title="Džudo – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Džudo" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%86" title="جودۆ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="جودۆ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8F%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Џудо – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Џудо" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEudo" title="Džudo – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Džudo" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8B" title="யுடோ – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="யுடோ" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B7%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Дзюдо – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Дзюдо" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8B" title="జూడో – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="జూడో" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%94" title="ยูโด – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ยูโด" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B6%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%83" title="Ҷуду – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҷуду" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%A7%E1%8F%99" title="ᏧᏙ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏧᏙ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᏣᎳᎩ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dz%C3%BDudo" title="Dzýudo – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Dzýudo" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B7%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Дзюдо – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Дзюдо" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%DA%88%D9%88" title="جوڈو – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جوڈو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Judo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9F%94%E9%81%93" title="柔道 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="柔道" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%96%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%93%D7%90" title="דזשודא – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="דזשודא" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9F%94%E9%81%93" title="柔道 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="柔道" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzioduo" title="Dzioduo – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Dzioduo" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9F%94%E9%81%93" title="柔道 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="柔道" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zudo" title="Zudo – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Zudo" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tolışi</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11420#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Japanese modern martial art</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the martial art and sport. For the computer programming environment, see <a href="/wiki/JUDO_(software)" title="JUDO (software)">JUDO (software)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Judo </caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Jigoro_Kano_and_Kyuzo_Mifune_(restoration).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Jigoro_Kano_and_Kyuzo_Mifune_%28restoration%29.jpg/200px-Jigoro_Kano_and_Kyuzo_Mifune_%28restoration%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Jigoro_Kano_and_Kyuzo_Mifune_%28restoration%29.jpg/300px-Jigoro_Kano_and_Kyuzo_Mifune_%28restoration%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Jigoro_Kano_and_Kyuzo_Mifune_%28restoration%29.jpg/400px-Jigoro_Kano_and_Kyuzo_Mifune_%28restoration%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="867" data-file-height="1120" /></a><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Kyuzo_Mifune" title="Kyuzo Mifune">Kyuzo Mifune</a> (left) and <a href="/wiki/Kan%C5%8D_Jigor%C5%8D" title="Kanō Jigorō">Kanō Jigorō</a> (right)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Focus</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Grappling" title="Grappling">Grappling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wrestling" title="Wrestling">wrestling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ground_fighting" title="Ground fighting">ground fighting</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Hardness</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Contact_sport" title="Contact sport">Full contact</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country of origin</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Creator</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kan%C5%8D_Jigor%C5%8D" title="Kanō Jigorō">Kanō Jigorō</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Famous practitioners</th><td class="infobox-data">See: <a href="/wiki/List_of_judoka" title="List of judoka">List of judoka</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parenthood</th><td class="infobox-data">Various <a href="/wiki/Kory%C5%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Koryū">koryū</a> <a href="/wiki/Jujutsu" title="Jujutsu">Jujutsu</a> schools, principally <a href="/wiki/Tenjin_Shin%27y%C5%8D-ry%C5%AB" title="Tenjin Shin'yō-ryū">Tenjin Shin'yō-ryū</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kit%C5%8D-ry%C5%AB" title="Kitō-ryū">Kitō-ryū</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Catch_wrestling" title="Catch wrestling">Catch wrestling</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ancestor arts</th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li>Tenjin Shin'yō-ryū</li> <li>Yoshin ryu</li> <li>Shiten ryu</li> <li>Sekiguchi Ryu</li> <li>Sosuishi Ryu</li> <li>Fusen Ryu</li> <li>Kito Ryu</li> <li>Takenouchi Ryu</li> <li>Miura Ryu</li> <li>Kyushin Ryu</li> <li>Ryōi Shintō-ryū</li> <li>Tsutsumi Hozan Ryu</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Descendant arts</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kosen_judo" title="Kosen judo">Kosen judo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bartitsu" title="Bartitsu">Bartitsu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yoseikan_Bud%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Yoseikan Budō">Yoseikan Budō</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_jiu-jitsu" title="Brazilian jiu-jitsu">Brazilian jiu-jitsu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sambo_(martial_art)" title="Sambo (martial art)">Sambo</a>, <a href="/wiki/ARB_(martial_art)" title="ARB (martial art)">ARB</a>, <a href="/wiki/Close-quarters_combat" class="mw-redirect" title="Close-quarters combat">CQC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Krav_Maga" title="Krav Maga">Krav Maga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kapap" title="Kapap">Kapap</a>, <a href="/wiki/K%C5%ABd%C5%8D" title="Kūdō">Kūdō</a>, <a href="/wiki/MMA" class="mw-redirect" title="MMA">MMA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Modern_Arnis" title="Modern Arnis">modern Arnis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luta_Livre" title="Luta Livre">Luta Livre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shoot_wrestling" title="Shoot wrestling">shoot wrestling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Submission_grappling" class="mw-redirect" title="Submission grappling">submission grappling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vale_Tudo" title="Vale Tudo">Vale Tudo</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Olympic sport</th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li>Accepted as an <a href="/wiki/Olympic_sport" class="mw-redirect" title="Olympic sport">Olympic sport</a> in 1960 (see below)</li> <li>Contested since 1964<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> (men) and 1992<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> (women)</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official website</th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ijf.org/">International Judo Federation (IJF)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kodokan.org">The Kodokan</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn" style="padding-bottom:0.2em;">Judo</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Keyvan_Dehnad_Referring_to_the_World_Cup.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Keyvan_Dehnad_Referring_to_the_World_Cup.jpg/220px-Keyvan_Dehnad_Referring_to_the_World_Cup.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Keyvan_Dehnad_Referring_to_the_World_Cup.jpg/330px-Keyvan_Dehnad_Referring_to_the_World_Cup.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Keyvan_Dehnad_Referring_to_the_World_Cup.jpg/440px-Keyvan_Dehnad_Referring_to_the_World_Cup.jpg 2x" data-file-width="831" data-file-height="600" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Takamasa Anai takes down his opponent during the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Slam_Tokyo" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Slam Tokyo">Grand Slam Tokyo</a>.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;">Highest <a href="/wiki/Sports_governing_body" title="Sports governing body">governing body</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/International_Judo_Federation" title="International Judo Federation">International Judo Federation</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#eee;">Characteristics</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;">Contact</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Yes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Mixed-sex_sports" title="Mixed-sex sports">Mixed-sex</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">No</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Martial art</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#eee;">Presence</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;">Country or region</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Worldwide</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games">Olympic</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Debuted in <a href="/wiki/Judo_at_the_1964_Summer_Olympics" title="Judo at the 1964 Summer Olympics">1964</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Judo (<a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>: <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%9F%94%E9%81%93" class="extiw" title="wikt:柔道">柔道</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hepburn_romanization" title="Hepburn romanization">Hepburn</a>: Jūdō, <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation"><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a></abbr> 'gentle way') is an unarmed <a href="/wiki/Gendai_bud%C5%8D" title="Gendai budō">modern Japanese martial art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Combat_sport" title="Combat sport">combat sport</a>, Olympic sport (since 1964), and the most prominent form of <a href="/wiki/Jacket_wrestling" title="Jacket wrestling">jacket wrestling</a> competed internationally.<a href="#cite_note-Britannica-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-Super_Nipponica-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> Judo was created in 1882 by <a href="/wiki/Kan%C5%8D_Jigor%C5%8D" title="Kanō Jigorō">Kanō Jigorō</a> (嘉納治五郎) as an eclectic martial art, distinguishing itself from its predecessors (primarily <a href="/wiki/Tenjin_Shin%27y%C5%8D-ry%C5%AB" title="Tenjin Shin'yō-ryū">Tenjin Shinyo-ryu</a> jujutsu and <a href="/wiki/Kit%C5%8D-ry%C5%AB" title="Kitō-ryū">Kitō-ryū</a> jujutsu) due to an emphasis on "<a href="/wiki/Randori" title="Randori">randori</a>" (乱取り, lit. 'free sparring') instead of kata (形, <a href="/wiki/Kata_(martial_arts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kata (martial arts)">kata</a>, pre-arranged forms) alongside its removal of striking and weapon training elements.<a href="#cite_note-Britannica-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-Super_Nipponica-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-6">[6]</a> Judo rose to prominence for its dominance over <a href="/wiki/Kodokan%E2%80%93Totsuka_rivalry" title="Kodokan–Totsuka rivalry">established jujutsu schools</a> in tournaments hosted by the <a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Metropolitan_Police_Department" title="Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department">Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department</a> (警視庁武術大会, Keishicho Bujutsu Taikai), resulting in its adoption as the department's primary martial art.<a href="#cite_note-Super_Nipponica-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-3">[3]</a> A judo practitioner is called a "judoka" (柔道家, jūdōka, <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation"><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a></abbr> 'judo performer'), and the judo uniform is called "judogi" (柔道着, jūdōgi, <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation"><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a></abbr> 'judo attire'). The objective of competitive judo is to <a href="/wiki/Throw_(grappling)" title="Throw (grappling)">throw</a> an opponent, immobilize them with a <a href="/wiki/Pinning_hold" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinning hold">pin</a>, or force an opponent to submit with a <a href="/wiki/Joint_lock" title="Joint lock">joint lock</a> or a <a href="/wiki/Chokehold" title="Chokehold">choke</a>. While <a href="/wiki/Strike_(attack)" title="Strike (attack)">strikes</a> and use of weapons are included in some pre-arranged forms (kata), they are not frequently trained and are illegal in judo competition or free practice.<a href="#cite_note-Super_Nipponica-4">[4]</a> Judo's international governing body is the <a href="/wiki/International_Judo_Federation" title="International Judo Federation">International Judo Federation</a>, and competitors compete in the international IJF professional circuit. Judo's philosophy revolves around two primary principles: "Seiryoku-Zenyo" (精力善用, <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation"><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a></abbr> 'good use of energy') and "Jita-Kyoei" (自他共栄, <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation"><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a></abbr> 'mutual welfare and benefit').<a href="#cite_note-Super_Nipponica-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-ntu_kodokan_history-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-bunbuichido-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> The philosophy and subsequent pedagogy developed for judo became the model for other modern Japanese martial arts that developed from <a href="/wiki/Ko-ry%C5%AB" title="Ko-ryū">Ko-ryū</a>. Judo has also spawned a number of derivative martial arts around the world, such as <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_jiu-jitsu" title="Brazilian jiu-jitsu">Brazilian jiu-jitsu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Krav_Maga" title="Krav Maga">Krav Maga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sambo_(martial_art)" title="Sambo (martial art)">sambo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/ARB_(martial_art)" title="ARB (martial art)">ARB</a>. Judo also influenced the formation of other combat styles such as <a href="/wiki/Close-quarters_combat" class="mw-redirect" title="Close-quarters combat">close-quarters combat</a> (CQC), <a href="/wiki/Mixed_martial_arts" title="Mixed martial arts">mixed martial arts</a> (MMA), <a href="/wiki/Shoot_wrestling" title="Shoot wrestling">shoot wrestling</a> and <a href="/wiki/Submission_wrestling" title="Submission wrestling">submission wrestling</a>. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_and_philosophy">History and philosophy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History and philosophy">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_life_of_its_founder">Early life of its founder</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early life of its founder">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kano_Jigoro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Kano_Jigoro.jpg/220px-Kano_Jigoro.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Kano_Jigoro.jpg/330px-Kano_Jigoro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0c/Kano_Jigoro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="378" data-file-height="469" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jigoro_Kano" class="mw-redirect" title="Jigoro Kano">Jigoro Kano</a>, founder of judo</figcaption></figure> The early history of judo is inseparable from its founder, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_people" title="Japanese people">Japanese</a> <a href="/wiki/Polymath" title="Polymath">polymath</a> and educator <a href="/wiki/Kan%C5%8D_Jigor%C5%8D" title="Kanō Jigorō">Kanō Jigorō</a> (嘉納治五郎, Jigoro Kano, 1860–1938), born Shinnosuke Jigorō (新之助治五郎, Jigorō Shinnosuke). Kano was born into a relatively affluent family. His father, Jirosaku, was the second son of the head priest of the <a href="/wiki/Shinto" title="Shinto">Shinto</a> <a href="/wiki/Hiyoshi_Shrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Hiyoshi Shrine">Hiyoshi shrine</a> in <a href="/wiki/Shiga_Prefecture" title="Shiga Prefecture">Shiga Prefecture</a>. He married Sadako Kano, daughter of the owner of Kiku-Masamune sake brewing company and was adopted by the family, changing his name to Kano. He ultimately became an official in the <a href="/wiki/Bakufu#Shogunate" class="mw-redirect" title="Bakufu">Shogunate</a> government.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> Jigoro Kano had an academic upbringing and, from the age of seven, he studied English, shodō (書道, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_calligraphy" title="Japanese calligraphy">Japanese calligraphy</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/Four_Books#Four_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Four Books">Four Confucian Texts</a> (四書, Shisho) under a number of tutors.<a href="#cite_note-Kano_2008,_p._1;_Hoare_2009,_p._43-12">[12]</a> When he was fourteen, Kano began boarding at an English-medium school, Ikuei-Gijuku in <a href="/wiki/Shiba,_Tokyo" title="Shiba, Tokyo">Shiba, Tokyo</a>. The culture of <a href="/wiki/Bullying" title="Bullying">bullying</a> endemic at this school was the catalyst that caused Kano to seek out a Jūjutsu (柔術, <a href="/wiki/Jujutsu" title="Jujutsu">Jujutsu</a>) dōjō (道場, <a href="/wiki/D%C5%8Dj%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Dōjō">dōjō</a>, training place) at which to train.<a href="#cite_note-Kano_2008,_p._1;_Hoare_2009,_p._43-12">[12]</a> Early attempts to find a jujutsu teacher who was willing to take him on met with little success. Jujutsu had become unfashionable in an increasingly <a href="/wiki/Westernization" title="Westernization">westernized</a> Japan. Many of those who had once taught the art had been forced out of teaching or become so disillusioned with it that they had simply given up. Nakai Umenari, an acquaintance of Kanō's father and a former soldier, agreed to show him kata, but not to teach him. The caretaker of Jirosaku's second house, Katagiri Ryuji, also knew jujutsu, but would not teach it as he believed it was no longer of practical use. Another frequent visitor, Imai Genshiro of <a href="/wiki/Kyushin-ry%C5%AB" title="Kyushin-ryū">Kyushin-ryū</a> school of jujutsu, also refused.<a href="#cite_note-Kano_(2008)_p._2-13">[13]</a> Several years passed before he finally found a willing teacher.<a href="#cite_note-Kano_(2008)_p._2-13">[13]</a> In 1877, as a student at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Tokyo" title="University of Tokyo">University of Tokyo</a>, Kano learned that many jujutsu teachers had been forced to pursue alternative careers, frequently opening Seikotsu-in (整骨院, traditional osteopathy practices).<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> After inquiring at a number of these, Kano was referred to Fukuda Hachinosuke (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1828–1880),<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> a teacher of the <a href="/wiki/Tenjin_Shin%27y%C5%8D-ry%C5%AB" title="Tenjin Shin'yō-ryū">Tenjin Shin'yō-ryū</a> of jujutsu, who had a small nine mat <a href="/wiki/D%C5%8Dj%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Dōjō">dōjō</a> where he taught five students.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> Fukuda is said to have emphasized technique over formal exercise, sowing the seeds of Kano's emphasis on randori (乱取り, <a href="/wiki/Randori" title="Randori">randori</a>, free practice) in judo. On Fukuda's death in 1880, Kano, who had become his keenest and most able student in both randori and kata, was given the densho (伝書, scrolls) of the Fukuda dōjō.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> Kano chose to continue his studies at another Tenjin Shin'yō-ryū school, that of Iso Masatomo (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1820–1881). Iso placed more emphasis on the practice of "kata", and entrusted randori instruction to assistants, increasingly to Kano.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> Iso died in June 1881 and Kano went on to study at the dōjō of Iikubo Tsunetoshi (1835–1889) of <a href="/wiki/Kito-ry%C5%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kito-ryū">Kitō-ryū</a> (起倒流).<a href="#cite_note-:0-6">[6]</a> Like Fukuda, Iikubo placed much emphasis on randori, with Kitō-ryū having a greater focus on nage-waza (投げ技, throwing techniques).<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Founding_of_the_Kodokan">Founding of the Kodokan</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Founding of the Kodokan">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eishoji.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Eishoji.JPG/220px-Eishoji.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Eishoji.JPG/330px-Eishoji.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Eishoji.JPG/440px-Eishoji.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Eisho-ji temple, Tokyo</figcaption></figure> In February 1882, Kano founded a school and dōjō at the Eisho-ji (永昌寺), a <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhist</a> temple in what was then the Shitaya ward of Tokyo (now the Higashi Ueno district of <a href="/wiki/Tait%C5%8D,_Tokyo" class="mw-redirect" title="Taitō, Tokyo">Taitō</a> ward).<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> Iikubo, Kano's Kitō-ryū instructor, attended the dōjō three days a week to help teach and, although two years would pass before the temple would be called by the name Kōdōkan (講道館, <a href="/wiki/Kodokan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kodokan">Kodokan</a>, "place for expounding the way"), and Kano had not yet received his Menkyo (免許, certificate of mastery) in Kitō-ryū, this is now regarded as the Kodokan founding. The Eisho-ji dōjō was originally <a href="/wiki/Shoin-zukuri" title="Shoin-zukuri">shoin</a>. It was a relatively small affair, consisting of a 12 <a href="/wiki/Tatami" title="Tatami">jo</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> (214 sq ft) training area. Kano took in resident and non-resident students, the first two being <a href="/wiki/Tomita_Tsunejir%C5%8D" title="Tomita Tsunejirō">Tomita Tsunejirō</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shiro_Saigo" title="Shiro Saigo">Shiro Saigo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> In August, the following year, the pair were granted <a href="/wiki/Shodan_(rank)" title="Shodan (rank)">shodan</a> (初段, first rank) grades, the first that had been awarded in any martial art.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Judo_versus_jujutsu">Judo versus jujutsu</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Judo versus jujutsu">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Kodokan%E2%80%93Totsuka_rivalry" title="Kodokan–Totsuka rivalry">Kodokan–Totsuka rivalry</a></div> Central to Kano's vision for judo were the principles of seiryoku zen'yō (精力善用, maximum efficiency, minimum effort) and jita kyōei (自他共栄, mutual welfare and benefit). He illustrated the application of seiryoku zen'yō with the concept of jū yoku gō o seisu (柔能く剛を制す - 柔能剛制, softness controls hardness): <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Judo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Judo.svg/100px-Judo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Judo.svg/150px-Judo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Judo.svg/200px-Judo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="220" /></a><figcaption>jūdō (柔道, "Judo"), written in <a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">kanji</a> </figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">In short, resisting a more powerful opponent will result in your defeat, whilst adjusting to and evading your opponent's attack will cause him to lose his balance, his power will be reduced, and you will defeat him. This can apply whatever the relative values of power, thus making it possible for weaker opponents to beat significantly stronger ones. This is the theory of ju yoku go o seisu.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a></blockquote> Kano realised that seiryoku zen'yō, initially conceived as a jujutsu concept, had a wider philosophical application. Coupled with the <a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianist</a>-influenced jita kyōei, the wider application shaped the development of judo from a bujutsu (武術, martial art) to a budō (武道, martial way). Kano rejected techniques that did not conform to these principles and emphasized the importance of efficiency in the execution of techniques. He was convinced that practice of jujutsu while conforming to these ideals was a route to self-improvement and the betterment of society in general.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> He was, however, acutely conscious of the Japanese public's negative perception of jujutsu: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">At the time a few bujitsu (martial arts) experts still existed but bujitsu was almost abandoned by the nation at large. Even if I wanted to teach jujitsu most people had now stopped thinking about it. So I thought it better to teach under a different name principally because my objectives were much wider than jujitsu.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a></blockquote> Kano believed that "jūjutsu" was insufficient to describe his art: although jutsu (術) means "art" or "means", it implies a method consisting of a collection of physical techniques. Accordingly, he changed the second character to dō (道), meaning "way", "road" or "path", which implies a more philosophical context than jutsu and has a common origin with the Chinese concept of <a href="/wiki/Tao" title="Tao">tao</a>. Thus Kano renamed it Jūdō (柔道, judo).<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Judo_waza_(techniques)">Judo waza (techniques)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Judo waza (techniques)">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_judo_techniques" title="List of judo techniques">List of judo techniques</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Kodokan_judo_techniques" title="List of Kodokan judo techniques">List of Kodokan judo techniques</a></div> There are three basic categories of waza (技, techniques) in judo: nage-waza (投げ技, throwing techniques), katame-waza (固技, grappling techniques) and atemi-waza (当て身技, striking techniques).<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> Judo is mostly known for nage-waza and katame-waza.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> Judo practitioners typically devote a portion of each practice session to <a href="/wiki/Uke_(martial_arts)" title="Uke (martial arts)">ukemi</a> (受け身, break-falls), in order that nage-waza can be practiced without significant risk of injury. Several distinct types of ukemi exist, including ushiro ukemi (後ろ受身, rear breakfalls); yoko ukemi (横受け身, side breakfalls); mae ukemi (前受け身, front breakfalls); and zenpo kaiten ukemi (前方回転受身, rolling breakfalls)<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> The person who performs a Waza is known as <a href="/wiki/Tori_(martial_arts)" title="Tori (martial arts)">tori</a> (取り, literally "taker") and the person to whom it is performed is known as <a href="/wiki/Uke_(martial_arts)" title="Uke (martial arts)">uke</a> (受け, "receiver").<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nage-waza_(throwing_techniques)">Nage-waza (throwing techniques)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Nage-waza (throwing techniques)">edit</a>]</div> Nage-waza include all techniques in which tori attempts to throw or trip uke, usually with the aim of placing uke on their back. Each technique has three distinct stages: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kuzushi" title="Kuzushi">Kuzushi</a> (崩し): the opponent becoming off balanced;<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a></li> <li>Tsukuri (作り): turning in and fitting into the throw;<a href="#cite_note-tsuk-33">[33]</a></li> <li>Kake (掛け): execution and completion of the throw.<a href="#cite_note-tsuk-33">[33]</a></li></ul> Nage-waza are typically drilled by the use of uchi-komi (内込), repeated turning-in, taking the throw up to the point of kake.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> Traditionally, nage-waza are further categorised into tachi-waza (立ち技, standing techniques), throws that are performed with tori maintaining an upright position, and sutemi-waza (捨身技, sacrifice techniques), throws in which tori sacrifices his upright position in order to throw uke.<a href="#cite_note-Daigo_p._10-35">[35]</a> Tachi-waza are further subdivided into te-waza (手技, hand techniques),<a href="#cite_note-All_Judo_Hand_Techniques_(Te-Waza)-36">[36]</a> in which tori predominantly uses their arms to throw uke; koshi-waza (腰技, hip techniques)<a href="#cite_note-All_Judo_Hip_Techniques_(Koshi-Waza)-37">[37]</a> throws that predominantly use a lifting motion from the hips; and ashi-waza (足技, foot and leg techniques),<a href="#cite_note-All_Judo_Foot_Techniques_(Ashi-Waza)-38">[38]</a> throws in which tori predominantly utilises their legs.<a href="#cite_note-Daigo_p._10-35">[35]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Haraigoshi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Haraigoshi.jpg/220px-Haraigoshi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Haraigoshi.jpg/330px-Haraigoshi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Haraigoshi.jpg/440px-Haraigoshi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1101" data-file-height="1101" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Harai_goshi" title="Harai goshi">Harai goshi</a> (払腰, sweeping hip), a koshi-waza</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <td rowspan="5" style="background:lavender">Nage-waza (投げ技) throwing techniques </td> <td rowspan="3" style="background:#b0c4de">Tachi-waza (立ち技) standing techniques </td> <td style="background:#b0c4de">Te-waza (手技) hand techniques </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#b0c4de">Koshi-waza (腰技) hip techniques </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#b0c4de">Ashi-waza (足技) foot and leg techniques </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="background:#ccf">Sutemi-waza (捨身技) sacrifice techniques </td> <td style="background:#ccf">Ma-sutemi-waza (真捨身技) rear sacrifice techniques </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#ccf">Yoko-sutemi-waza (橫捨身技) side sacrifice techniques </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Katame-waza_(grappling_techniques)">Katame-waza (grappling techniques)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Katame-waza (grappling techniques)">edit</a>]</div> Katame-waza is further categorised into <a href="/wiki/Osaekomi-waza" class="mw-redirect" title="Osaekomi-waza">osaekomi-waza</a> (抑込技, holding techniques), in which tori traps and pins uke on their back on the floor; <a href="/wiki/Shime-waza" class="mw-redirect" title="Shime-waza">shime-waza</a> (絞技, strangulation techniques), in which tori attempts to force a submission by choking or strangling uke; and <a href="/wiki/Kansetsu-waza" class="mw-redirect" title="Kansetsu-waza">kansetsu-waza</a> (関節技, joint techniques), in which tori attempts to submit uke by painful manipulation of their joints.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> A related concept is that of ne-waza (寝技, prone techniques), in which waza are applied from a non-standing position.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> In competitive judo, Kansetsu-waza is currently limited to elbow joint manipulation.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> Manipulation and locking of other joints can be found in various kata, such as Katame-no-kata and Kodokan goshin jutsu.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Juji.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Juji.jpg/220px-Juji.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Juji.jpg/330px-Juji.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Juji.jpg/440px-Juji.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="620" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Armlock#Juji-gatame" title="Armlock">Juji gatame</a> (十字固, cross lock)(armbar), a kansetsu-waza</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable style="> <tbody><tr> <td rowspan="3" style="background:lavender">Katame-waza (固技) grappling techniques </td> <td colspan="2" style="background:#b0c4de">Osaekomi-waza (抑込技) holding or pinning techniques </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#ccf">Shime-waza (絞技) strangulation techniques </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#b0ccfb">Kansetsu-waza (関節技) Joint techniques (locks) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Atemi-waza_(striking_techniques)">Atemi-waza (striking techniques)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Atemi-waza (striking techniques)">edit</a>]</div> Atemi-waza are techniques in which tori disables uke with a strike to a vital point. Atemi-waza are not permitted outside of kata.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pedagogy">Pedagogy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Pedagogy">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Judo-Tokyo-2016-10-1.webm/220px--Judo-Tokyo-2016-10-1.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="31" data-mwtitle="Judo-Tokyo-2016-10-1.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Judo-Tokyo-2016-10-1.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/72/Judo-Tokyo-2016-10-1.webm/Judo-Tokyo-2016-10-1.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/Judo-Tokyo-2016-10-1.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/72/Judo-Tokyo-2016-10-1.webm/Judo-Tokyo-2016-10-1.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/72/Judo-Tokyo-2016-10-1.webm/Judo-Tokyo-2016-10-1.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/72/Judo-Tokyo-2016-10-1.webm/Judo-Tokyo-2016-10-1.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/72/Judo-Tokyo-2016-10-1.webm/Judo-Tokyo-2016-10-1.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/72/Judo-Tokyo-2016-10-1.webm/Judo-Tokyo-2016-10-1.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/72/Judo-Tokyo-2016-10-1.webm/Judo-Tokyo-2016-10-1.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video><figcaption>Children practicing judo in <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Randori_(free_practice)">Randori (free practice)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Randori (free practice)">edit</a>]</div> Judo pedagogy emphasizes randori (乱取り, literally "taking chaos", but meaning "free practice"). This term covers a variety of forms of practice, and the intensity at which it is carried out varies depending on intent and the level of expertise of the participants. At one extreme, is a compliant style of randori, known as Yakusoku geiko (約束稽古, prearranged practice), in which neither participant offers resistance to their partner's attempts to throw. A related concept is that of Sute geiko (捨稽古, throw-away practice), in which an experienced judoka allows himself to be thrown by his less-experienced partner.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> At the opposite extreme from yakusoku geiko is the hard style of randori that seeks to emulate the style of judo seen in competition. While hard randori is the cornerstone of judo, over-emphasis of the competitive aspect is seen as undesirable by traditionalists if the intent of the randori is to "win" rather than to learn.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kata_(forms)">Kata (forms)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Kata (forms)">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Kata" title="Kata">Kata</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hiki-otoshi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Hiki-otoshi.jpg/220px-Hiki-otoshi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Hiki-otoshi.jpg/330px-Hiki-otoshi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Hiki-otoshi.jpg/440px-Hiki-otoshi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="536" data-file-height="378" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jigoro_Kano" class="mw-redirect" title="Jigoro Kano">Jigoro Kano</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yamashita_Yoshitsugu" title="Yamashita Yoshitsugu">Yamashita Yoshitsugu</a> performing Koshiki-no-kata</figcaption></figure> Kata (形, kata, forms) are pre-arranged patterns of techniques and in judo, with the exception of elements of the <a href="/wiki/Seiryoku_Zen%27yo_Kokumin_Taiiku_no_Kata" title="Seiryoku Zen'yo Kokumin Taiiku no Kata">Seiryoku-Zen'yō Kokumin-Taiiku</a>, they are all practised with a partner. Their purposes include illustrating the basic principles of judo, demonstrating the correct execution of a technique, teaching the philosophical tenets upon which judo is based, allowing for the practice of techniques that are not allowed in randori, and to preserve ancient techniques that are historically important but are no longer used in contemporary judo.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> There are ten kata that are recognized by the Kodokan today:<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Randori-no-kata" title="Randori-no-kata">Randori-no-kata</a> (乱取りの形, Free practice forms), comprising two kata: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nage-no-kata" title="Nage-no-kata">Nage-no-kata</a> (投の形, Forms of throwing) Fifteen throws, practiced both left- and right-handed, three each from the five categories of nage waza: te waza, koshi waza, ashi waza, ma sutemi waza and yoko sutemi waza.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katame-no-kata" title="Katame-no-kata">Katame-no-kata</a> (固の形, Forms of grappling or holding). Fifteen techniques in three sets of five, illustrating the three categories of katame waza: osaekomi waza, shime waza and kansetsu waza.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kime-no-kata" title="Kime-no-kata">Kime-no-kata</a> (極の形, Forms of decisiveness). Twenty techniques, illustrating the principles of defence in a combat situation, performed from kneeling and standing positions. Attacks are made unarmed and armed with a dagger and a sword. This kata utilises atemi waza, striking techniques, that are forbidden in randori.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodokan_Goshin_Jutsu" title="Kodokan Goshin Jutsu">Kōdōkan goshinjutsu</a> (講道館護身術, Kodokan skills of self-defence). The most recent recognised kata, comprising twenty-one techniques of defence against attack from an unarmed assailant and one armed with a knife, stick and pistol. This kata incorporates various jujutsu techniques such as wrist locks and atemi waza.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ju-no-kata" title="Ju-no-kata">Jū-no-kata</a> (柔の形, Forms of gentleness & flexibility). Fifteen techniques, arranged in three sets of five, demonstrating the principle of Jū and its correct use in offence and defence.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a></li> <li>Gō-no-kata (剛の形, Forms of force). One of the oldest kata, comprising ten forms that illustrate the efficient use of force and resistance. Now rarely practiced.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itsutsu-no-kata" title="Itsutsu-no-kata">Itsutsu-no-kata</a> (五の形, The five forms). An advanced kata, illustrating the principle of seiryoku zen'yō and the movements of the universe.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> The kata predates the creation of Kodokan and originated in <a href="/wiki/Tenjin_Shiny%C5%8D-ry%C5%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Tenjin Shinyō-ryū">Tenjin Shinyō-ryū</a>.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koshiki-no-kata" title="Koshiki-no-kata">Koshiki-no-kata</a> (古式の形, Traditional forms). Derived from Kitō-ryū Jujutsu, this kata was originally intended to be performed wearing armour. Kano chose to preserve it as it embodied the principles of judo.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seiryoku_Zen%27yo_Kokumin_Taiiku_no_Kata" title="Seiryoku Zen'yo Kokumin Taiiku no Kata">Seiryoku Zen'yō Kokumin Taiiku</a> (精力善用国家体育, Maximum-efficiency national physical education). A series of exercises designed to develop the physique for judo.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a></li> <li>Joshi-goshinhō (女子護身法, Methods of self-defence for women). An exercise completed in 1943, and of which the development was ordered by <a href="/wiki/Jir%C5%8D_Nang%C5%8D" title="Jirō Nangō">Jirō Nangō</a>, the second Kodokan president.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a></li></ul> In addition, there are a number of commonly practiced kata that are not recognised by the Kodokan. Some of the more common kata include: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Go-no-sen-no-kata" title="Go-no-sen-no-kata">Go-no-sen-no-kata</a> (後の先の形) A "kata" of pre-emptive counter techniques that some claim has a heritage from <a href="/wiki/Waseda_University" title="Waseda University">Waseda University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a>. The form is little more than standard counters, bookended by some protocol. Moreover, there is no universal standard nor accepted reference text. The exercise is unknown of in Japan, and was popularised in the West by <a href="/wiki/Mikinosuke_Kawaishi" title="Mikinosuke Kawaishi">Mikinosuke Kawaishi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nage-Waza-Ura-no-kata" title="Nage-Waza-Ura-no-kata">Nage-waza-ura-no-kata</a> (投げ技裏の形) A much more elegant and coherent kata of counter techniques, created by <a href="/wiki/Kyuzo_Mifune" title="Kyuzo Mifune">Kyuzo Mifune</a>.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katame-waza_ura-no-kata" title="Katame-waza ura-no-kata">Katame-waza ura-no-kata</a> (固め技裏の形, Forms of reversing controlling techniques) a kata of counter-attacks to controlling techniques, attributed to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazuo_It%C5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kazuo Itō (page does not exist)">Kazuo Itō</a> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazuo_Ito" class="extiw" title="fr:Kazuo Ito">Fr</a>]<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tandoku-renshu_(practice_by_oneself!)">Tandoku-renshu (practice by oneself!)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Tandoku-renshu (practice by oneself!)">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Personal work.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Competitive_judo">Competitive judo</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Competitive judo">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History">History</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2010_World_Judo_Championships_-_Thierry_Fabre_Vs_Takamasa_Anai_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/2010_World_Judo_Championships_-_Thierry_Fabre_Vs_Takamasa_Anai_2.JPG/220px-2010_World_Judo_Championships_-_Thierry_Fabre_Vs_Takamasa_Anai_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/2010_World_Judo_Championships_-_Thierry_Fabre_Vs_Takamasa_Anai_2.JPG/330px-2010_World_Judo_Championships_-_Thierry_Fabre_Vs_Takamasa_Anai_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/2010_World_Judo_Championships_-_Thierry_Fabre_Vs_Takamasa_Anai_2.JPG/440px-2010_World_Judo_Championships_-_Thierry_Fabre_Vs_Takamasa_Anai_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2056" data-file-height="1293" /></a><figcaption>Japanese judoka <a href="/wiki/Takamasa_Anai" title="Takamasa Anai">Takamasa Anai</a> Vs French judoka <a href="/wiki/Thierry_Fabre" title="Thierry Fabre">Thierry Fabre</a> during the <a href="/wiki/2010_World_Judo_Championships" title="2010 World Judo Championships">2010 World Judo Championships</a> held in Tokyo</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yoshimatsu_vs._Daigo_in_1951.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Yoshimatsu_vs._Daigo_in_1951.jpg/220px-Yoshimatsu_vs._Daigo_in_1951.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Yoshimatsu_vs._Daigo_in_1951.jpg/330px-Yoshimatsu_vs._Daigo_in_1951.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/40/Yoshimatsu_vs._Daigo_in_1951.jpg 2x" data-file-width="427" data-file-height="534" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Yoshihiko_Yoshimatsu" title="Yoshihiko Yoshimatsu">Yoshihiko Yoshimatsu</a> attempting to throw <a href="/wiki/Toshir%C5%8D_Daigo" title="Toshirō Daigo">Toshiro Daigo</a> with an <a href="/wiki/Uchi_mata" title="Uchi mata">uchi mata</a> in the final of the 1951 <a href="/wiki/All-Japan_Judo_Championships" title="All-Japan Judo Championships">All-Japan Judo Championships</a> </figcaption></figure> Contest (試合, shiai) is a vitally important aspect of judo. In 1899, Kano was asked to chair a committee of the <a href="/wiki/Dai_Nippon_Butoku_Kai" title="Dai Nippon Butoku Kai">Dai Nippon Butoku Kai</a> to draw up the first formal set of contest rules for jujutsu. These rules were intended to cover contests between different various traditional schools of jujutsu as well as practitioners of Kodokan judo. Contests were 15 minutes long and were judged on the basis of nage waza and katame waza, excluding atemi waza. Wins were by two ippons, awarded in every four-main different path of winning alternatives, by "Throwing", where the opponent's back strikes flat onto the mat with sufficient force, by "Pinning" them on their back for a "sufficient" amount of time, or by "Submission", which could be achieved via Shime-waza or Kansetsu-waza, in which the opponent was forced to give himself or herself up or summon a referee's or corner-judge's stoppage. Finger, toe and ankle locks were prohibited.<a href="#cite_note-judoruleshistory-64">[64]</a> In 1900, these rules were adopted by the Kodokan with amendments made to prohibit all joint locks for kyu grades and added wrist locks to the prohibited kansetsu-waza for <a href="/wiki/Dan_(rank)" title="Dan (rank)">dan</a> grades. It was also stated that the ratio of tachi-waza to ne-waza should be between 70% and 80% for kyu grades and between 60% and 70% for dan grades.<a href="#cite_note-judoruleshistory-64">[64]</a> In 1916, additional rulings were brought in to further limit kansetsu waza with the prohibition of <a href="/wiki/Ashi_garami" title="Ashi garami">ashi garami</a> and neck locks, as well as do jime.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> These were further added to in 1925. Jigoro Kano for a long time wished to see judo as an <a href="/wiki/Olympic_sports" title="Olympic sports">Olympic discipline</a>.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> The first time judo was seen in the <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games">Olympic Games</a> was in an informal demonstration hosted by Kano at the <a href="/wiki/1932_Summer_Olympics" title="1932 Summer Olympics">1932 Games</a>.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> However, Kano was ambivalent about judo's potential inclusion as an Olympic sport: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">I have been asked by people of various sections as to the wisdom and possibility of judo being introduced with other games and sports at the Olympic Games. My view on the matter, at present, is rather passive. If it be the desire of other member countries, I have no objection. But I do not feel inclined to take any initiative. For one thing, judo in reality is not a mere sport or game. I regard it as a principle of life, art and science. In fact, it is a means for personal cultural attainment. Only one of the forms of judo training, so-called randori or free practice can be classed as a form of sport. Certainly, to some extent, the same may be said of boxing and fencing, but today they are practiced and conducted as sports. Then the Olympic Games are so strongly flavored with nationalism that it is possible to be influenced by it and to develop "Contest Judo", a retrograde form as ju-jitsu was before the Kodokan was founded. Judo should be free as art and science from any external influences, political, national, racial, and financial or any other organized interest. And all things connected with it should be directed to its ultimate object, the "Benefit of Humanity". Human sacrifice is a matter of ancient history.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Use_of_judo_at_the_Summer_Olympic_Games">Use of judo at the Summer Olympic Games</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Use of judo at the Summer Olympic Games">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Judo_at_the_Summer_Olympics" title="Judo at the Summer Olympics">Judo at the Summer Olympics</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KITLV_A367_-_Japanse_sporten_in_Japan,_vermoedelijk_judo,_KITLV_79640.tiff" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/KITLV_A367_-_Japanse_sporten_in_Japan%2C_vermoedelijk_judo%2C_KITLV_79640.tiff/lossy-page1-220px-KITLV_A367_-_Japanse_sporten_in_Japan%2C_vermoedelijk_judo%2C_KITLV_79640.tiff.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/KITLV_A367_-_Japanse_sporten_in_Japan%2C_vermoedelijk_judo%2C_KITLV_79640.tiff/lossy-page1-330px-KITLV_A367_-_Japanse_sporten_in_Japan%2C_vermoedelijk_judo%2C_KITLV_79640.tiff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/KITLV_A367_-_Japanse_sporten_in_Japan%2C_vermoedelijk_judo%2C_KITLV_79640.tiff/lossy-page1-440px-KITLV_A367_-_Japanse_sporten_in_Japan%2C_vermoedelijk_judo%2C_KITLV_79640.tiff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2494" data-file-height="1841" /></a><figcaption>Judo (1935)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Judo_pictogram.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Judo_pictogram.svg/220px-Judo_pictogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Judo_pictogram.svg/330px-Judo_pictogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Judo_pictogram.svg/440px-Judo_pictogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>Olympic Judo pictogram</figcaption></figure> At the 57th <a href="/wiki/IOC_Session" class="mw-redirect" title="IOC Session">general session</a> of the <a href="/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee" title="International Olympic Committee">International Olympic Committee</a>, held in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> on 22 August 1960, the IOC members formally decided to include Judo among the events to be contested at the Olympic Games. The proposal, which was placed before the session by the Japanese delegation, was welcomed by all participants. The few who opposed had nothing against Judo itself but against increasing the number of Olympic events as a whole. There were only two dissenting votes in the final poll. For the first time in history a traditional Japanese sport has been included in the Olympic competition.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> Finally, <a href="/wiki/Judo_at_the_1964_Summer_Olympics" title="Judo at the 1964 Summer Olympics">judo was first contested as an Olympic sport</a> for men in the <a href="/wiki/1964_Summer_Olympics" title="1964 Summer Olympics">1964 Games</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a>. The Olympic Committee initially dropped judo for the 1968 Olympics, meeting protests.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> Dutchman <a href="/wiki/Anton_Geesink" title="Anton Geesink">Anton Geesink</a> won the first Olympic gold medal in the open division of judo by defeating <a href="/wiki/Akio_Kaminaga" title="Akio Kaminaga">Akio Kaminaga</a> of Japan. The women's event was introduced at the Olympics in <a href="/wiki/Judo_at_the_1988_Summer_Olympics" title="Judo at the 1988 Summer Olympics">1988</a> as a demonstration event, and an <a href="/wiki/Judo_at_the_1992_Summer_Olympics" title="Judo at the 1992 Summer Olympics">official medal event in 1992</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Use_of_judo_at_the_Summer_Paralympic_Games">Use of judo at the Summer Paralympic Games</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Use of judo at the Summer Paralympic Games">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Judo_at_the_Summer_Paralympics" title="Judo at the Summer Paralympics">Judo at the Summer Paralympics</a></div> Judo was <a href="/wiki/Judo_at_the_1988_Summer_Paralympics" title="Judo at the 1988 Summer Paralympics">introduced as a Paralympic sport</a> at the <a href="/wiki/1988_Summer_Paralympics" title="1988 Summer Paralympics">1988 Summer Paralympics</a> in <a href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a>, with women's events contested for the first time at <a href="/wiki/Judo_at_the_2004_Summer_Paralympics" title="Judo at the 2004 Summer Paralympics">2004 Summer Paralympics</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Use_of_judo_at_the_Commonwealth_Games">Use of judo at the Commonwealth Games</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Use of judo at the Commonwealth Games">edit</a>]</div> Judo was an optional sport included in the three editions of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Games" title="Commonwealth Games">Commonwealth Games</a>: <a href="/wiki/1990_Commonwealth_Games" title="1990 Commonwealth Games">1990 Commonwealth Games</a> in Auckland, <a href="/wiki/2002_Commonwealth_Games" title="2002 Commonwealth Games">2002 Commonwealth Games</a> in Manchester and <a href="/wiki/2014_Commonwealth_Games" title="2014 Commonwealth Games">2014 Commonwealth Games</a> in Glasgow. From 2022, judo will become a core sport in the 22nd edition of the Commonwealth Games, in Birmingham and also the 23rd edition of the Commonwealth Games in Glasgow. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Current_international_contest_rules">Current international contest rules</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Current international contest rules">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E7%9F%B3%E4%BA%95%E3%81%A8%E9%88%B4%E6%9C%A8.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/%E7%9F%B3%E4%BA%95%E3%81%A8%E9%88%B4%E6%9C%A8.jpg/220px-%E7%9F%B3%E4%BA%95%E3%81%A8%E9%88%B4%E6%9C%A8.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/%E7%9F%B3%E4%BA%95%E3%81%A8%E9%88%B4%E6%9C%A8.jpg/330px-%E7%9F%B3%E4%BA%95%E3%81%A8%E9%88%B4%E6%9C%A8.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/%E7%9F%B3%E4%BA%95%E3%81%A8%E9%88%B4%E6%9C%A8.jpg/440px-%E7%9F%B3%E4%BA%95%E3%81%A8%E9%88%B4%E6%9C%A8.jpg 2x" data-file-width="763" data-file-height="890" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/All-Japan_Judo_Championships" title="All-Japan Judo Championships">All-Japan Judo Championships</a>, 2007 men's final</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Judo_rules" title="Judo rules">Judo rules</a></div> Penalties may be given for: passivity or preventing progress in the match; for safety infringements for example by using prohibited techniques, or for behavior that is deemed to be against the spirit of judo. Fighting must be stopped if a participant is outside the designated area on the mat.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Weight_divisions">Weight divisions</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Weight divisions">edit</a>]</div> There are currently seven <a href="/wiki/Weight_divisions" class="mw-redirect" title="Weight divisions">weight divisions</a>, subject to change by governing bodies, and may be modified based on the age of the competitors: <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <caption>Weight divisions </caption> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th>Extra Lightweight </th> <th>Half Lightweight </th> <th>Lightweight </th> <th>Half Middleweight </th> <th>Middleweight </th> <th>Half Heavyweight </th> <th>Heavyweight </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Men </th> <td>Under 60 kg (130 lb; 9.4 st) </td> <td>60–66 kg (132–146 lb; 9.4–10.4 st) </td> <td>66–73 kg (146–161 lb; 10.4–11.5 st) </td> <td>73–81 kg (161–179 lb; 11.5–12.8 st) </td> <td>81–90 kg (179–198 lb; 12.8–14.2 st) </td> <td>90–100 kg (200–220 lb; 14–16 st) </td> <td>Over 100 kg (220 lb; 16 st) </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Women </th> <td>Under 48 kg (106 lb; 7.6 st) </td> <td>48–52 kg (106–115 lb; 7.6–8.2 st) </td> <td>52–57 kg (115–126 lb; 8.2–9.0 st) </td> <td>57–63 kg (126–139 lb; 9.0–9.9 st) </td> <td>63–70 kg (139–154 lb; 9.9–11.0 st) </td> <td>70–78 kg (154–172 lb; 11.0–12.3 st) </td> <td>Over 78 kg (172 lb; 12.3 st) </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Judo_throw.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Judo_throw.jpg/220px-Judo_throw.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Judo_throw.jpg/330px-Judo_throw.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Judo_throw.jpg/440px-Judo_throw.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1326" data-file-height="884" /></a><figcaption>Throw during competition, leads to an ippon</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Competition_scoring">Competition scoring</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Competition scoring">edit</a>]</div> A throw that places the opponent on their back with impetus and control scores an ippon (一本), winning the contest.<a href="#cite_note-score-72">[72]</a> A lesser throw, where the opponent is thrown onto his back, but with insufficient force to merit an ippon, scores a waza-ari (技あり).<a href="#cite_note-score-72">[72]</a> Two scores of waza-ari equal an ippon waza-ari awasete ippon (技あり合わせて一本,  ). This rule was cancelled in 2017, but it was resumed in 2018. Formerly, a throw that places the opponent onto his side scores a yuko (有効).<a href="#cite_note-score-72">[72]</a> In 2017, the <a href="/wiki/International_Judo_Federation" title="International Judo Federation">International Judo Federation</a> announced changes in evaluation of points. There will only be ippon and waza-ari scores given during a match with yuko scores now included within waza-ari.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> Ippon is scored in ne-waza for pinning an opponent on his back with a recognised osaekomi-waza for 20 seconds or by forcing a submission through shime-waza or kansetsu-waza.<a href="#cite_note-score-72">[72]</a> A submission is signalled by tapping the mat or the opponent at least twice with the hand or foot, or by saying maitta (まいった, I surrender).<a href="#cite_note-score-72">[72]</a> A pin lasting for less than 20 seconds, but more than 10 seconds scores waza-ari (formerly waza-ari was awarded for holds of longer than 15 seconds and yuko for holds of longer than 10 seconds).<a href="#cite_note-score-72">[72]</a> Formerly, there was an additional score that was lesser to yuko, that of Koka (効果).<a href="#cite_note-score-72">[72]</a> This has since been removed.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> If the scores are identical at the end of the match, the contest is resolved by the Golden Score rule. Golden Score is a <a href="/wiki/Sudden_death_(sport)" title="Sudden death (sport)">sudden death</a> situation where the clock is reset to match-time, and the first contestant to achieve any score wins. If there is no score during this period, then the winner is decided by Hantei (判定), the majority opinion of the referee and the two corner judges.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> There have been changes to the scoring. In January 2013, the Hantei was removed and the "Golden Score" no longer has a time limit. The match would continue until a judoka scored through a technique or if the opponent is penalised (Hansoku-make). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Penalties">Penalties</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Penalties">edit</a>]</div> Two types of penalties may be awarded. A shido (指導 – literally "guidance") is awarded for minor rule infringements. A shido can also be awarded for a prolonged period of non-aggression. Recent rule changes allow for the first shidos to result in only warnings. If there is a tie, then and only then, will the number of shidos (if less than three) be used to determine the winner. After three shidos are given, the victory is given to the opponent, constituting an indirect hansoku-make (反則負け – literally "foul-play defeat"), but does not result in expulsion from the tournament. Note: Prior to 2017, the 4th shido was hansoku-make. If hansoku-make is awarded for a major rule infringement, it results not just in loss of the match, but in the expulsion from the tournament of the penalized player. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_mixed_martial_arts">In mixed martial arts</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: In mixed martial arts">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mixed_martial_arts" title="Mixed martial arts">Mixed martial arts</a></div> A number of judo practitioners have made an impact in <a href="/wiki/Mixed_martial_arts" title="Mixed martial arts">mixed martial arts</a>.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> Notable judo-trained MMA fighters include Olympic medalists <a href="/wiki/Hidehiko_Yoshida" title="Hidehiko Yoshida">Hidehiko Yoshida</a> (Gold, 1992), <a href="/wiki/Naoya_Ogawa" title="Naoya Ogawa">Naoya Ogawa</a> (Silver, 1992), <a href="/wiki/Pawe%C5%82_Nastula" title="Paweł Nastula">Paweł Nastula</a> (Gold, 1996), <a href="/wiki/Makoto_Takimoto" title="Makoto Takimoto">Makoto Takimoto</a> (Gold, 2000), <a href="/wiki/Satoshi_Ishii" title="Satoshi Ishii">Satoshi Ishii</a> (Gold, 2008), <a href="/wiki/Ronda_Rousey" title="Ronda Rousey">Ronda Rousey</a> (Bronze, 2008), and <a href="/wiki/Kayla_Harrison" title="Kayla Harrison">Kayla Harrison</a> (Gold, 2012 and 2016), former Russian national judo championship bronze medalist <a href="/wiki/Fedor_Emelianenko" title="Fedor Emelianenko">Fedor Emelianenko</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yoshihiro_Akiyama" title="Yoshihiro Akiyama">Yoshihiro Akiyama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Don_Frye" title="Don Frye">Don Frye</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rick_Hawn" title="Rick Hawn">Rick Hawn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dan_Kelly_(fighter)" title="Dan Kelly (fighter)">Daniel Kelly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hector_Lombard" class="mw-redirect" title="Hector Lombard">Hector Lombard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karo_Parisyan" title="Karo Parisyan">Karo Parisyan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ayaka_Hamasaki" title="Ayaka Hamasaki">Ayaka Hamasaki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B4nio_Silva_(fighter)" title="Antônio Silva (fighter)">Antônio Silva</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oleg_Taktarov" title="Oleg Taktarov">Oleg Taktarov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhadi_Ferguson" title="Rhadi Ferguson">Rhadi Ferguson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dong-Sik_Yoon" class="mw-redirect" title="Dong-Sik Yoon">Dong-Sik Yoon</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Khabib_Nurmagomedov" title="Khabib Nurmagomedov">Khabib Nurmagomedov</a>.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alternative_styles_and_derivative_martial_arts">Alternative styles and derivative martial arts</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Alternative styles and derivative martial arts">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Judo_Camp_in_Artj%C3%A4rvi,_Finland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Judo_Camp_in_Artj%C3%A4rvi%2C_Finland.jpg/220px-Judo_Camp_in_Artj%C3%A4rvi%2C_Finland.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Judo_Camp_in_Artj%C3%A4rvi%2C_Finland.jpg/330px-Judo_Camp_in_Artj%C3%A4rvi%2C_Finland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Judo_Camp_in_Artj%C3%A4rvi%2C_Finland.jpg/440px-Judo_Camp_in_Artj%C3%A4rvi%2C_Finland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3966" data-file-height="2479" /></a><figcaption>International judo camp in <a href="/wiki/Artj%C3%A4rvi" title="Artjärvi">Artjärvi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orimattila" title="Orimattila">Orimattila</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></figcaption></figure> Kano Jigoro's Kodokan judo is the most popular and well-known style of judo, but is not the only one. The terms judo and jujutsu were quite interchangeable in the early years, so some of these forms of judo are still known as jujutsu or jiu-jitsu either for that reason, or simply to differentiate them from mainstream judo. From Kano's original style of judo, several related forms have evolved—some now widely considered to be distinct arts: <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kosen_judo"><a href="/wiki/Kosen_judo" title="Kosen judo">Kosen judo</a></h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Kosen judo">edit</a>]</div> Commonly described as a separate style of Judo, Kosen judo is a competition rules set of Kodokan judo that was popularized in the early 20th century for use in Japanese Special High Schools Championships held at Kyoto Imperial University.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> The word "Kosen" is an acronym of Koto Senmon Gakko (高等専門学校, literally "Higher Professional School"). Currently, competitions are organized between Japan's seven <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Universities" title="Imperial Universities">former Imperial Universities</a> and referred to as Nanatei Judo (<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%83%E5%B8%9D%E6%9F%94%E9%81%93" class="extiw" title="ja:七帝柔道">ja:七帝柔道</a>, literally "Seven Emperors Judo"). Kosen judo's focus on newaza has drawn comparisons with <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_jiu-jitsu" title="Brazilian jiu-jitsu">Brazilian jiu-jitsu</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Freestyle_Judo">Freestyle Judo</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Freestyle Judo">edit</a>]</div> Freestyle Judo is a form of competitive judo practiced primarily in the United States that retains techniques that have been removed from mainstream IJF rules.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> Freestyle Judo is currently backed by the International Freestyle Judo Alliance (IFJA). The <a href="/wiki/Amateur_Athletic_Union" title="Amateur Athletic Union">Amateur Athletic Union</a> (AAU) officially sanctions Freestyle Judo in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States of America</a>.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Georgian_Judo">Georgian Judo</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Georgian Judo">edit</a>]</div> Georgian Judo is influenced by Chidaoba (Georgian cultural jacket wrestling). Chidaoba's major influence on the Georgian style of judo is in its unorthodox grips as well as its throws and takedowns. Georgian Judo is also known for its countering techniques through the use of power moves such as bear hugs and double underhooks into throws and takedowns.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> It is represented by various olympic winners and World Champions, such as <a href="/wiki/Lasha_Bekauri" title="Lasha Bekauri">Lasha Bekauri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lukhumi_Chkhvimiani" title="Lukhumi Chkhvimiani">Lukhumi Chkhvimiani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shota_Chochishvili" title="Shota Chochishvili">Shota Chochishvili</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tato_Grigalashvili" title="Tato Grigalashvili">Tato Grigalashvili</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zaza_Kedelashvili" title="Zaza Kedelashvili">Zaza Kedelashvili</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Khakhaleishvili" title="David Khakhaleishvili">David Khakhaleishvili</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luka_Maisuradze" title="Luka Maisuradze">Luka Maisuradze</a>,<a href="/wiki/Lasha_Shavdatuashvili" title="Lasha Shavdatuashvili">Lasha Shavdatuashvili</a> and others. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russian_Judo">Russian Judo</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Russian Judo">edit</a>]</div> This distinctive style of judo was influenced by the Soviet martial art of Sambo. It is represented by well-known coaches such as Alexander Retuinskih and Igor Yakimov, and mixed martial arts fighters such as Fedor Emelianenko, Oleg Taktarov, Khabib Nurmagomedov, and Karo Parisyan. In turn, Russian judo has influenced mainstream judo, with techniques such as the flying armbar being accepted into Kodokan judo.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mongolian_Judo">Mongolian Judo</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Mongolian Judo">edit</a>]</div> Unlike other Far East styles of Judo, Mongolian Judo focuses much more on power rather than technique. The influence of <a href="/wiki/Bokh" class="mw-redirect" title="Bokh">Bokh</a> on Mongolian Judo can be seen in its grips and body positioning. Judo grips such as the over under, double underhooks and the heavy use of grips on the belt.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> It is represented by various world champions, such as <a href="/wiki/Khaliuny_Boldbaatar" title="Khaliuny Boldbaatar">Khaliuny Boldbaatar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tsendiin_Damdin" title="Tsendiin Damdin">Tsendiin Damdin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boldyn_Gankhaich" title="Boldyn Gankhaich">Boldyn Gankhaich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Naidangiin_T%C3%BCvshinbayar" title="Naidangiin Tüvshinbayar">Naidangiin Tüvshinbayar</a>, <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B6nkhbatyn_Urantsetseg" title="Mönkhbatyn Urantsetseg">Mönkhbatyn Urantsetseg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ganbatyn_Boldbaatar" title="Ganbatyn Boldbaatar">Ganbatyn Boldbaatar</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Korean_Judo">Korean Judo</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Korean Judo">edit</a>]</div> Korean Judo is also very technical but what really separates it from other styles is the speed at which its techniques are performed. Korean Judo it is not powerful in terms of using strength but instead, the practitioners use speed, movement and technique in order to create fast and powerful snaps. This styles produced various olympic champions, like <a href="/wiki/Ahn_Byeong-keun" title="Ahn Byeong-keun">Ahn Byeong-keun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cho_Min-sun" title="Cho Min-sun">Cho Min-sun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Choi_Min-ho_(judoka)" title="Choi Min-ho (judoka)">Choi Min-ho</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ha_Hyung-joo" title="Ha Hyung-joo">Ha Hyung-joo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jeon_Ki-young" title="Jeon Ki-young">Jeon Ki-young</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kim_Jae-bum" title="Kim Jae-bum">Kim Jae-bum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kim_Jae-yup" title="Kim Jae-yup">Kim Jae-yup</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lee_Kyung-keun" title="Lee Kyung-keun">Lee Kyung-keun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lee_Won-hee" title="Lee Won-hee">Lee Won-hee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Song_Dae-nam" title="Song Dae-nam">Song Dae-nam</a> and others.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="French_Judo">French Judo</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: French Judo">edit</a>]</div> French Judo is based on tactical Kumi Kata and focuses on breaking the posture of the opponent as well as preventing opponents from attaining a proper grip. This style does not use a huge amount of power, it prefer to use technique, tactics and timing.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> Many French judo practitioners have become World and Olympic champions, like <a href="/wiki/Clarisse_Agbegnenou" title="Clarisse Agbegnenou">Clarisse Agbegnenou</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89milie_And%C3%A9ol" title="Émilie Andéol">Émilie Andéol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marc_Alexandre" title="Marc Alexandre">Marc Alexandre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Djamel_Bouras" title="Djamel Bouras">Djamel Bouras</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amandine_Buchard" title="Amandine Buchard">Amandine Buchard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Chaine" title="Guillaume Chaine">Guillaume Chaine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Axel_Clerget" title="Axel Clerget">Axel Clerget</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sarah-L%C3%A9onie_Cysique" title="Sarah-Léonie Cysique">Sarah-Léonie Cysique</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lucie_D%C3%A9cosse" title="Lucie Décosse">Lucie Décosse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romane_Dicko" title="Romane Dicko">Romane Dicko</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Douillet" title="David Douillet">David Douillet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Fleury-Vachon" title="Catherine Fleury-Vachon">Catherine Fleury-Vachon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Iddir" title="Alexandre Iddir">Alexandre Iddir</a> and many others. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuban_Judo">Cuban Judo</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Cuban Judo">edit</a>]</div> Cuban Judo is characterized by an explosive and high athletic style that puts an emphasis on body conditioning and calculated planning mixed with raw power. In terms of training the athletes use a particularly methodical and intellectual approach to the sport.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Azerbaijani_Judo">Azerbaijani Judo</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Azerbaijani Judo">edit</a>]</div> Judo in Azerbaijan has developed over the years and has become deep rooted and considered a top sport in the country. It's very similar to Georgian Judo, as its mostly focused on the practitioner's strength during throws. It's a hybrid of the original Kodokan Judo and the traditional Azerbaijan style of wrestling called Azeri, whose techniques consist of unorthodox grips and positioning during counter-attacks.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Israeli_Judo">Israeli Judo</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Israeli Judo">edit</a>]</div> Judo has become a top sport in Israel only recently. Israeli Judo is characterized by a particular emphasis on hip throws, which are executed with a mix of technique and aggression, with the practitioner that has to adjust his sleeves before powerfully gripping and throwing the opponent away.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sambo"><a href="/wiki/Sambo_(martial_art)" title="Sambo (martial art)">Sambo</a></h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Sambo">edit</a>]</div> Sambo is influenced by judo combined with <a href="/wiki/Wrestling" title="Wrestling">wrestling</a> techniques, and striking in case of <a href="/wiki/Combat_Sambo" class="mw-redirect" title="Combat Sambo">combat sambo</a>. <a href="/wiki/Vasili_Oshchepkov" title="Vasili Oshchepkov">Vasili Oshchepkov</a> was one of the first European judo black belts under Kano. Oshchepkov went on to contribute his knowledge of judo as one of the three founders of Sambo, which also integrated various international and <a href="/wiki/Soviet_bloc" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet bloc">Soviet bloc</a> wrestling styles and other combative techniques. Oshchepkov was executed during the political <a href="/wiki/Great_Purge" title="Great Purge">purges</a> of 1937 and judo was banned for decades until its inclusion in the <a href="/wiki/Judo_at_the_1964_Summer_Olympics" title="Judo at the 1964 Summer Olympics">1964 Olympics</a>, where sambists won 4 bronze medals.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> In their History of Sambo, Brett Jacques and Scott Anderson wrote that in Russia "judo and SOMBO were considered to be the same thing"—albeit with a different uniform and some differences in the rules.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brazilian_jiu-jitsu"><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_jiu_jitsu" class="mw-redirect" title="Brazilian jiu jitsu">Brazilian jiu-jitsu</a></h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Brazilian jiu-jitsu">edit</a>]</div> An adoption of Kano jiu jitsu (a common name for judo at the time) in Brazil attributed to <a href="/wiki/Mitsuyo_Maeda" title="Mitsuyo Maeda">Mitsuyo Maeda</a>'s students,<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> most notably the <a href="/wiki/Gracie_family" title="Gracie family">Gracie family</a>.<a href="#cite_note-eros-104">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> <a href="/wiki/10th_Planet_Jiu_Jitsu" title="10th Planet Jiu Jitsu">10th Planet Jiu Jitsu</a> and other wrestling-influenced systems <a href="/wiki/Submission_wrestling" title="Submission wrestling">without the gi</a> have also become popular.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_styles">Other styles</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Other styles">edit</a>]</div> Judo also influenced other combat styles such as <a href="/wiki/Close-quarters_combat" class="mw-redirect" title="Close-quarters combat">close-quarters combat</a> (CQC), <a href="/wiki/Mixed_martial_arts" title="Mixed martial arts">mixed martial arts</a> (MMA), <a href="/wiki/Shoot_wrestling" title="Shoot wrestling">shoot wrestling</a> and <a href="/wiki/Submission_wrestling" title="Submission wrestling">submission wrestling</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Safety">Safety</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Safety">edit</a>]</div> Kano's vision for judo was one of a martial way that could be practiced realistically. <a href="/wiki/Randori" title="Randori">Randori</a> (free practice) was a central part of judo pedagogy and shiai (competition) a crucial test of a judoka's understanding of judo.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> Safety necessitated some basic innovations that shaped judo's development. Atemi waza (striking techniques) were entirely limited to kata (prearranged forms) early in judo's history. Kansetsu waza (joint manipulation techniques) were limited to techniques that focused on the elbow joint. Various throwing techniques that were judged to be too dangerous to practice safely at full force, such as all joint-locking throws from <a href="/wiki/Jujutsu" title="Jujutsu">Jujutsu</a>, were also prohibited in shiai. To maximise safety in nage waza (throwing techniques), judoka trained in <a href="/wiki/Ukemi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukemi">ukemi</a> (break falls) and practiced on <a href="/wiki/Tatami" title="Tatami">tatami</a> (rice straw mats).[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kansetsu_and_shime_waza">Kansetsu and shime waza</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Kansetsu and shime waza">edit</a>]</div> The application of joint manipulation and strangulation/choking techniques is generally safe under controlled conditions typical of judo dōjō and in competition. It is usual for there to be age restrictions on the practice and application of these types of techniques, but the exact nature of these restrictions will vary from country to country and from organization to organization. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nage_waza">Nage waza</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Nage waza">edit</a>]</div> Safety in the practice of throwing techniques depends on the skill level of both tori and uke. Inexpertly applied throws have the potential to injure both tori and uke, for instance when tori compensates for poor technique by powering through the throw. Similarly, poor ukemi can result in injury, particularly from more powerful throws that uke lacks the skill to breakfall from. For these reasons, throws are normally taught in order of difficulty for both tori and uke. This is exemplified in the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Kodokan_judo_techniques" title="List of Kodokan judo techniques">Gokyo</a> (五教, literally "five teachings"), a traditional grouping of throws arranged in order of difficulty of ukemi. Those grouped in Dai ikkyo (第一教, literally "first teaching") are relatively simple to breakfall from whereas those grouped in dai gokyo (第五教, literally "fifth teaching") are difficult to breakfall from.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mental_training">Mental training</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Mental training">edit</a>]</div> Mental training is an emerging modality of training in judo that aims to improve the performance of high-performance athletes in training and competition and also to promote health and well-being in the daily life of athletes and their entourage through the learning and application of psychological skills. The first publication of a judo-specific practical mental training approach based on sports training principles was in 2005 with the work of Boris Blumenstein, Ronnie Lidor and Gershon Tenenbaum.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> In 2022, Caio Gabriel published the first article on mental training that appeared in the scientific journal of the <a href="/wiki/International_Judo_Federation" title="International Judo Federation">International Judo Federation</a>, "The Arts and Sciences of Judo".<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Judoka_(practitioner)">Judoka (practitioner)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Judoka (practitioner)">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Judo_newaza.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Judo_newaza.jpg/220px-Judo_newaza.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Judo_newaza.jpg/330px-Judo_newaza.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Judo_newaza.jpg/440px-Judo_newaza.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="612" /></a><figcaption>Two judoka wearing judogi</figcaption></figure> A practitioner of judo is known as a judoka (柔道家). The modern meaning of "judoka" in English is a judo practitioner of any level of expertise,<a href="#cite_note-Inokuma_and_Sato_(1987)_p._253-110">[110]</a> but traditionally those below the rank of 4th dan were called kenkyu-sei (研究生, trainees); and only those of 4th <a href="/wiki/Dan_(rank)" title="Dan (rank)">dan</a> or higher were called judoka. (The suffix -ka (家), when added to a noun, means a person with expertise or special knowledge on that subject). A judo teacher is called <a href="/wiki/Sensei" title="Sensei">sensei</a> (先生).<a href="#cite_note-Inokuma_and_Sato_(1987)_p._253-110">[110]</a> Traditionally, that title was reserved for instructors of 4th dan and above.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Judogi_(uniform)">Judogi (uniform)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Judogi (uniform)">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Judogi" title="Judogi">Judogi</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Judo_orange_belt_(Brusselsshrek).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Judo_orange_belt_%28Brusselsshrek%29.JPG/220px-Judo_orange_belt_%28Brusselsshrek%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Judo_orange_belt_%28Brusselsshrek%29.JPG/330px-Judo_orange_belt_%28Brusselsshrek%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Judo_orange_belt_%28Brusselsshrek%29.JPG/440px-Judo_orange_belt_%28Brusselsshrek%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1152" data-file-height="864" /></a><figcaption>The judogi is made from a heavy weave to withstand the stress of throwing and grappling.</figcaption></figure> Judo practitioners traditionally wear white uniforms called 稽古着 (<a href="/wiki/Keikogi" title="Keikogi">keikogi</a>, keikogi) practice clothing or jūdōgi (柔道着, <a href="/wiki/Judogi" title="Judogi">judogi</a>, judo clothing)<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> sometimes abbreviated in the west as "gi". It comprises a heavy cotton <a href="/wiki/Kimono" title="Kimono">kimono</a>-like jacket called an uwagi (上衣, jacket), similar to traditional hanten (半纏, workers' jackets) fastened by an obi (帯, <a href="/wiki/Obi_(sash)" title="Obi (sash)">obi</a>, belt), coloured to indicate <a href="/wiki/Judo_ranks_and_grades" class="mw-redirect" title="Judo ranks and grades">rank</a>, and cotton draw-string zubon (ズボン, trousers).<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> Early examples of keikogi had short sleeves and trouser legs and the modern long-sleeved judogi was adopted in 1906.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> The modern use of the blue judogi for high level competition was first suggested by <a href="/wiki/Anton_Geesink" title="Anton Geesink">Anton Geesink</a> at the 1986 Maastricht IJF DC Meeting.<a href="#cite_note-judogi-115">[115]</a> For competition, a blue judogi is worn by one of the two competitors for ease of distinction by judges, referees, and spectators. In Japan, both judoka use a white judogi and the traditional red obi (based on the colors of the Japanese flag) is affixed to the belt of one competitor. Outside Japan, a colored obi may also be used for convenience in minor competitions, the blue judogi only being mandatory at the regional or higher levels, depending on organization. Japanese practitioners and traditionalists tend to look down on the use of blue because judo is considered a pure sport, and replacing the pure white judogi with the impure blue is an offense.<a href="#cite_note-judogi-115">[115]</a> For events organized under the auspices of the International judo Federation (IJF), judogi have to bear the IJF Official Logo Mark Label. This label demonstrates that the judogi has passed a number of quality control tests to ensure it conforms to construction regulations ensuring it is not too stiff, flexible, rigid or slippery to allow the opponent to grip or to perform techniques.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organizations">Organizations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Organizations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_judo_organizations" title="List of judo organizations">List of judo organizations</a></div> The international governing body for judo is the <a href="/wiki/International_Judo_Federation" title="International Judo Federation">International Judo Federation</a> (IJF), founded in 1951. Members of the IJF include the <a href="/wiki/African_Judo_Union" title="African Judo Union">African Judo Union</a> (AJU), the <a href="/wiki/Pan-American_Judo_Confederation" class="mw-redirect" title="Pan-American Judo Confederation">Pan-American Judo Confederation</a> (PJC), the <a href="/wiki/Judo_Union_of_Asia" title="Judo Union of Asia">Judo Union of Asia</a> (JUA), the <a href="/wiki/European_Judo_Union" title="European Judo Union">European Judo Union</a> (EJU) and the <a href="/wiki/Oceania_Judo_Union" title="Oceania Judo Union">Oceania Judo Union</a> (OJU), each comprising a number of national judo associations. The IJF is responsible for organising international competition and hosts the World Judo Championships and is involved in running the <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Judo" class="mw-redirect" title="Olympic Judo">Olympic Judo</a> events.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rank_and_grading">Rank and grading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Rank and grading">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Rank_in_Judo" class="mw-redirect" title="Rank in Judo">Rank in Judo</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Judo_children.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Judo_children.jpg/130px-Judo_children.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/Judo_children.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="195" data-file-height="280" /></a><figcaption>Two children training in <a href="/wiki/Judo_techniques" class="mw-redirect" title="Judo techniques">judo techniques</a> </figcaption></figure> Judo is a hierarchical art, where seniority of judoka is designated by what is known as the kyū (級, <a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%AB" title="Kyū">kyū</a>) -dan (段, <a href="/wiki/Dan_(rank)" title="Dan (rank)">dan</a>) ranking system. This system was developed by Jigoro Kano and was based on the ranking system in the board game <a href="/wiki/Go_(game)" title="Go (game)">Go</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Go_Ranks-118">[118]</a> Beginning students progress through kyu grades towards dan grades. A judoka's position within the kyu-dan ranking system is displayed by the color of their belt. Beginning students typically wear a white belt, progressing through descending kyu ranks until they are deemed to have achieved a level of competence sufficient to be a dan grade, at which point they wear the <a href="/wiki/Black_belt_(martial_arts)" title="Black belt (martial arts)">kuro obi</a> (黒帯, black belt). The kyu-dan ranking system has since been widely adopted by modern martial arts.<a href="#cite_note-judorank-119">[119]</a> The highest black belt ranks have no formal requirements and are decided by the president of the Kodokan. Kano Jigoro's grandson <a href="/wiki/Kano_Yukimitsu" title="Kano Yukimitsu">Kano Yukimitsu</a> served as the fourth president from 1980 until 2009. As an educator by profession, Kanō believed that there should be no end to an individual's learning, and therefore no limit to the number of dan ranks. As of 2011, <a href="/wiki/List_of_judoka#Highest_grades" title="List of judoka">fifteen Japanese men</a> have been promoted to jūdan (十段, 10th dan) by the Kodokan;<a href="#cite_note-judorank-119">[119]</a> the IJF and Western and Asian national federations have promoted another eleven who are not recognized at that level of rank by the Kodokan. On 28 July 2011, the promotion board of USA Judo awarded <a href="/wiki/Keiko_Fukuda" title="Keiko Fukuda">Keiko Fukuda</a> the rank of 10th dan, who was the first woman to be promoted to judo's highest level, albeit not a Kodokan-recognized rank. Although dan ranks tend to be consistent between national organizations there is more variation in the kyū grades, with some countries having more kyū grades. Although initially kyū grade belt colours were uniformly white, today a variety of colours are used. The first black belts to denote a <a href="/wiki/Dan_rank" class="mw-redirect" title="Dan rank">dan rank</a> in the 1880s, initially the wide obi was used; as practitioners trained in <a href="/wiki/Kimono" title="Kimono">kimono</a>, only <a href="/wiki/White_belt" class="mw-redirect" title="White belt">white</a> and black obi were used. It was not until the early 1900s, after the introduction of the <a href="/wiki/Judogi" title="Judogi">judogi</a>, that an expanded colored belt system of awarding rank was created.<a href="#cite_note-judorank-119">[119]</a> Written accounts from the archives of London's <a href="/wiki/Budokwai" title="Budokwai">Budokwai</a> judo club, founded in 1918, record the use of coloured judo belts at the 1926 9th annual Budokwai Display, and a list of ranked colored judokas appears in the Budokwai Committee Minutes of June 1927. Kawaishi visited London and the Budokwai in 1928, and was probably inspired to bring the coloured belt system to France.<a href="#cite_note-coloredbelts-120">[120]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="World_Judo_Day">World Judo Day</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: World Judo Day">edit</a>]</div> On October 28 of every year, the judo community celebrates the World Judo Day in the honor of the birth of Judo's founder, Jigoro Kano. The theme of the World Judo Day changes from year to year, but the goal is always to highlight the moral values of Judo. The first celebration was held in 2011.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> Past themes for the celebration have included: <ul><li>Bring a Friend (2023)<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a></li> <li>Inclusion (2022)<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a></li> <li>Solidarity (2021)<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a></li> <li>Stronger Together (2020)<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a></li> <li>Plant a Tree (2019)<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a></li> <li>Friendship (2018)<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a></li> <li>Courage (2017)<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Filmography">Filmography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Filmography">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Akira Kurosawa, <a href="/wiki/Sanshiro_Sugata" title="Sanshiro Sugata">Sanshiro Sugata</a> (姿三四郎, Sugata Sanshirō, a.k.a. Judo Saga), 1943.</li> <li>Akira Kurosawa, <a href="/wiki/Sanshiro_Sugata_Part_II" title="Sanshiro Sugata Part II">Sanshiro Sugata Part II</a> (續姿三四郎, Zoku Sugata Sanshirō, a.k.a. Judo Saga II), 1945.</li> <li>Johnnie To, <a href="/wiki/Throw_Down_(film)" title="Throw Down (film)">Throw Down</a> (柔道龍虎榜, Yau doh lung fu bong), 2004.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/32px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/48px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/64px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Japan" title="Portal:Japan">Japan portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:Social_sciences.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/32px-Social_sciences.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/48px-Social_sciences.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/64px-Social_sciences.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="139" data-file-height="122" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Society" title="Portal:Society">Society portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Yin_and_Yang_symbol.svg/28px-Yin_and_Yang_symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Yin_and_Yang_symbol.svg/42px-Yin_and_Yang_symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Yin_and_Yang_symbol.svg/56px-Yin_and_Yang_symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="250" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Martial_arts" title="Portal:Martial arts">Martial arts portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judo_by_country" title="Judo by country">Judo by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_celebrity_judoka" title="List of celebrity judoka">List of celebrity judoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_judo_techniques" title="List of judo techniques">List of judo techniques</a>, partial list of judo techniques</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_judoka" title="List of judoka">List of judoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Champions_in_Judo" class="mw-redirect" title="List of World Champions in Judo">List of World Champions in Judo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacket_wrestling" title="Jacket wrestling">Jacket wrestling</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> Inman (2005) p. 10 </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> The first Olympic competition to award medals to women judoka was in 1992; in 1988, women competed as a demonstration sport. Inman (2005) p. 11 </li> <li id="cite_note-Britannica-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_3-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_3-2">c</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/sports/judo">"Britannica, "Judo""</a>. March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Britannica%2C+%22Judo%22&rft.date=2024-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fsports%2Fjudo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudo" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Super_Nipponica-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Super_Nipponica_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Super_Nipponica_4-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Super_Nipponica_4-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Super_Nipponica_4-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Super_Nipponica_4-4">e</a> 『日本大百科全書』電子版【柔道】(CD-ROM version of <a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_Nipponica" title="Encyclopedia Nipponica">Encyclopedia Nipponica</a>, "Judo"). </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> 『日本大百科全書』の最初の定義文（<a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_Nipponica" title="Encyclopedia Nipponica">Encyclopedia Nipponica</a>, first phrases, definition of Judo.）「心身を鍛錬することにより、その力をもっとも有効に使用する道であると同時に、人間形成の道である。」 </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_6-1">b</a> Kano (2008), p. 11 </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kdkjd.org/what-is-seiryoku-zenyo/">"Kodokan Judo Institute, "What is Seiryoku-Zenyo?""</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kodokan+Judo+Institute%2C+%22What+is+Seiryoku-Zenyo%3F%22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkdkjd.org%2Fwhat-is-seiryoku-zenyo%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudo" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ntu_kodokan_history-8"><a href="#cite_ref-ntu_kodokan_history_8-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ntu.ac.jp/teikajudo/club/pdf/kodokan_history_e.pdf">"Teaching of Kanō Jigorō Shihan"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211030181522/http://www.ntu.ac.jp/teikajudo/club/pdf/kodokan_history_e.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on October 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Teaching+of+Kan%C5%8D+Jigor%C5%8D+Shihan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ntu.ac.jp%2Fteikajudo%2Fclub%2Fpdf%2Fkodokan_history_e.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudo" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bunbuichido-9"><a href="#cite_ref-bunbuichido_9-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bunbuichido.net/jigoro-kano-ism-english/">"精力善用、自他共栄を英語で学ぶ"</a>. 8 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E7%B2%BE%E5%8A%9B%E5%96%84%E7%94%A8%E3%80%81%E8%87%AA%E4%BB%96%E5%85%B1%E6%A0%84%E3%82%92%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E%E3%81%A7%E5%AD%A6%E3%81%B6&rft.date=2016-01-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bunbuichido.net%2Fjigoro-kano-ism-english%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudo" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240218143304/http://kodokanjudoinstitute.org/en/doctrine/word/jita-kyoei/">"Kodokan Judo Institute, "What is Jita-kyoei?""</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kodokanjudoinstitute.org/en/doctrine/word/jita-kyoei/">the original</a> on 2024-02-18. Retrieved 2021-10-30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kodokan+Judo+Institute%2C+%22What+is+Jita-kyoei%3F%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkodokanjudoinstitute.org%2Fen%2Fdoctrine%2Fword%2Fjita-kyoei%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudo" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> Kano (2008) pp. 46–47 </li> <li id="cite_note-Kano_2008,_p._1;_Hoare_2009,_p._43-12">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kano_2008,_p._1;_Hoare_2009,_p._43_12-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kano_2008,_p._1;_Hoare_2009,_p._43_12-1">b</a> Kano (2008) p. 1; Hoare (2009) p. 43 </li> <li id="cite_note-Kano_(2008)_p._2-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kano_(2008)_p._2_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kano_(2008)_p._2_13-1">b</a> Kano (2008) p. 2 </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> Hoare (2009) p. 44 </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> Fukuda (2004) p. 145 </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> Kano (2008) pp. 3–4; Hoare (2009) pp. 45–47; Fukuda (2004) pp. 145–152. Keiko Fukuda 9th Dan (born 1913) is the granddaughter of Fukuda Hachinosuke, and is the last surviving direct student of Kano: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis" class="citation news cs1">Davis, Simon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110308231204/http://www.usjf.com/2011/01/be-strong-be-gentle-be-beautiful/">"Be Strong, Be Gentle, Be Beautiful - Keiko Fukuda"</a>. United States Judo Federation. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usjf.com/2011/01/be-strong-be-gentle-be-beautiful/">the original</a> on March 8, 2011. Retrieved March 12, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Be+Strong%2C+Be+Gentle%2C+Be+Beautiful+-+Keiko+Fukuda&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usjf.com%2F2011%2F01%2Fbe-strong-be-gentle-be-beautiful%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudo" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> Kano (2008) p. 6; Hoare (2009) p. 47 </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> Kano (2008), pp. 9–10 </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> Kano (2005), p. 23 </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> Hoare (2009) pp. 52–53. For location of Eisho-ji temple, see: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110311144955/http://www.kodokan.org/e_basic/access_eishoji.html">"Way to Eisho-Ji Temple"</a>, Kodokan, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kodokan.org/e_basic/access_eishoji.html">the original</a> on March 11, 2011, retrieved March 14, 2011</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kodokan&rft.atitle=Way+to+Eisho-Ji+Temple&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kodokan.org%2Fe_basic%2Faccess_eishoji.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudo" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> Jo is the Japanese unit of area. </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> Kano (2008) p. 20 </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> Lowry (2006) p. 49 </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> Kano (2005) pp. 39–40 </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> For Kano's opinions on the wider applicability of jita kyōei to life see for example, Kano (2008) p. 107 </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> Hoare (2009) p. 56 </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> "Judo" had been used before then, as in the case of a jujutsu school that called itself Chokushin-ryū Jūdō (直信流柔道, Sometimes rendered as Jikishin-ryū Jūdō), but its use was rare. </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> Daigo (2005) p. 8 </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> Numerous texts exist that describe the waza of judo in detail. Daigo (2005); Inokuma and Sato (1987); Kano (1994); Mifune (2004); and Ohlenkamp (2006) are some of the better examples </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> Kano (1994) pp. 45–54 </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> Ishikawa and Draeger (1999) p. 179 </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> Kano (1994) pp. 42–43; Mifune (2004) pp. 41–43 </li> <li id="cite_note-tsuk-33">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tsuk_33-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-tsuk_33-1">b</a> Kano (1994) p. 44; Mifune (2004) p. 44 </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> Takahashi (2005) pp. 39–43 </li> <li id="cite_note-Daigo_p._10-35">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Daigo_p._10_35-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Daigo_p._10_35-1">b</a> Daigo (2005) p. 10 </li> <li id="cite_note-All_Judo_Hand_Techniques_(Te-Waza)-36"><a href="#cite_ref-All_Judo_Hand_Techniques_(Te-Waza)_36-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://judoinfo.com/hand-techniques-tewaza/">"All Judo Hand Techniques (Te-Waza)"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=All+Judo+Hand+Techniques+%28Te-Waza%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjudoinfo.com%2Fhand-techniques-tewaza%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudo" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-All_Judo_Hip_Techniques_(Koshi-Waza)-37"><a href="#cite_ref-All_Judo_Hip_Techniques_(Koshi-Waza)_37-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://judoinfo.com/hip-techniques-koshiwaza/">"All Judo Hip Techniques (Koshi-Waza)"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=All+Judo+Hip+Techniques+%28Koshi-Waza%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjudoinfo.com%2Fhip-techniques-koshiwaza%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudo" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-All_Judo_Foot_Techniques_(Ashi-Waza)-38"><a href="#cite_ref-All_Judo_Foot_Techniques_(Ashi-Waza)_38-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://judoinfo.com/foot-techniques-ashi-waza/">"All Judo Foot Techniques (Ashi-Waza)"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=All+Judo+Foot+Techniques+%28Ashi-Waza%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjudoinfo.com%2Ffoot-techniques-ashi-waza%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudo" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> For full coverage of <a href="/wiki/Katame_waza" class="mw-redirect" title="Katame waza">katame waza</a> techniques extant in current judo competition rules, see Adams (1991), Kashiwazaki (1992) and Kashiwazaki (1997) </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKoizumi" class="citation web cs1">Koizumi, Gunji. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ejmas.com/jcs/2004jcs/jcsart_Koizumi_0704.htm">"Ne-waza (Groundwork) and Atemi-waza (blows) in Judo"</a>. Judo. Budokwai Judo Quarterly Bulletin. Retrieved 11 September 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Judo&rft.atitle=Ne-waza+%28Groundwork%29+and+Atemi-waza+%28blows%29+in+Judo&rft.aulast=Koizumi&rft.aufirst=Gunji&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ejmas.com%2Fjcs%2F2004jcs%2Fjcsart_Koizumi_0704.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudo" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> Adams (1991) </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> Otaki & Draeger (1983) pp. 398–405; Kano (1982) pp. 192–203 </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> Daigo (2005) p. 9; Harrison (1952) pp. 162–168 </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> Ishikawa and Draeger (1999) p. 84 </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> Kano (1994) p. 142; Ishikawa and Draeger (1999) p. 84 </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150219195403/http://www-personal.umich.edu/~mrother/What_is_a_Kata.html">"What is a Kata?"</a>. umich.edu. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-personal.umich.edu/~mrother/What_is_a_Kata.html">the original</a> on February 19, 2015. 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(ed.), Judo Memoirs of Jigoro Kano, Victoria, BC: Trafford Publishing</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Judo+Memoirs+of+Jigoro+Kano&rft.place=Victoria%2C+BC&rft.pub=Trafford+Publishing&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Kano&rft.aufirst=Jigoro&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudo" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKashiwazaki1992" class="citation cs2">Kashiwazaki, Katsuhiko (1992), Shimewaza, Judo Masterclass Techniques, London: Ippon Books</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shimewaza&rft.place=London&rft.series=Judo+Masterclass+Techniques&rft.pub=Ippon+Books&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Kashiwazaki&rft.aufirst=Katsuhiko&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudo" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKashiwazaki1997" class="citation cs2">Kashiwazaki, Katsuhiko (1997), Osaekomi, Judo Masterclass Techniques, London: Ippon Books</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Osaekomi&rft.place=London&rft.series=Judo+Masterclass+Techniques&rft.pub=Ippon+Books&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Kashiwazaki&rft.aufirst=Katsuhiko&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudo" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKoizumi1947" class="citation cs2">Koizumi, Gunji (April 1947), "1936 Conversation with Jigoro Kano", Budokwai Bulletin</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Budokwai+Bulletin&rft.atitle=1936+Conversation+with+Jigoro+Kano&rft.date=1947-04&rft.aulast=Koizumi&rft.aufirst=Gunji&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudo" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaw2007" class="citation cs2">Law, Mark (2007), The Pyjama Game, A Journey Into Judo, London, UK: Aurum Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Pyjama+Game%2C+A+Journey+Into+Judo&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.pub=Aurum+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Law&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudo" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLowry2006" class="citation cs2">Lowry, Dave (2006), In the dojo. A guide to the rituals and etiquette of the Japanese martial arts, Boston, MA: Weatherhill</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+the+dojo.+A+guide+to+the+rituals+and+etiquette+of+the+Japanese+martial+arts&rft.place=Boston%2C+MA&rft.pub=Weatherhill&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Lowry&rft.aufirst=Dave&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudo" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMifune2004" class="citation cs2">Mifune, Kyuzo (2004), The Canon of Judo: Classic teachings on principles and techniques, Tokyo, Japan: Kodansha</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Canon+of+Judo%3A+Classic+teachings+on+principles+and+techniques&rft.place=Tokyo%2C+Japan&rft.pub=Kodansha&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Mifune&rft.aufirst=Kyuzo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudo" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOhlenkamp2006" class="citation cs2">Ohlenkamp, Neil (2006), Judo Unleashed: Essential Throwing & Grappling Techniques for Intermediate to Advanced Martial Artists, Maidenhead: McGraw-Hill</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Judo+Unleashed%3A+Essential+Throwing+%26+Grappling+Techniques+for+Intermediate+to+Advanced+Martial+Artists&rft.place=Maidenhead&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Ohlenkamp&rft.aufirst=Neil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudo" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOtakiDraeger1997" class="citation cs2">Otaki, Tadao; Draeger, Donn F. (1997), Judo Formal Techniques: Complete guide to Kodokan randori no kata (reprint ed.), Clarendon, Vermont: Tuttle Publishing</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Judo+Formal+Techniques%3A+Complete+guide+to+Kodokan+randori+no+kata&rft.place=Clarendon%2C+Vermont&rft.edition=reprint&rft.pub=Tuttle+Publishing&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Otaki&rft.aufirst=Tadao&rft.au=Draeger%2C+Donn+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudo" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTakahashi2005" class="citation cs2">Takahashi, Masao (2005), Mastering Judo, Champaign, Illinois: Human Kinetics</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mastering+Judo&rft.place=Champaign%2C+Illinois&rft.pub=Human+Kinetics&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Takahashi&rft.aufirst=Masao&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudo" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ijf.org/">International Judo Federation (IJF)</a>—The worldwide <a href="/wiki/Sport_governing_body" class="mw-redirect" title="Sport governing body">governing body</a> for judo</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.judoinside.com">All judoka profiles at Judoinside.com</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kodokan.org/">Kodokan Judo Institute</a>—Headquarters of judo (Kano Jigoro's school)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Judo" title="Template:Judo"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Judo" title="Template talk:Judo"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Judo" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Judo"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Judo_techniques" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_judo_techniques" title="List of judo techniques">Judo techniques</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kodokan_judo_techniques" title="List of Kodokan judo techniques">Official Kodokan techniques</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kodokan_judo_techniques#Nage-waza_(throwing_techniques)" title="List of Kodokan judo techniques">Nage-Waza</a> (throwing techniques) </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kodokan_judo_techniques#Dai_ikkyo" title="List of Kodokan judo techniques">Dai Ikkyo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deashi_harai" title="Deashi harai">Deashi harai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiza_guruma" title="Hiza guruma">Hiza guruma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sasae_tsurikomi_ashi" title="Sasae tsurikomi ashi">Sasae tsurikomi ashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uki_goshi" title="Uki goshi">Uki goshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osotogari" title="Osotogari">Osoto gari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O_goshi" title="O goshi">O goshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cuchi_gari" title="Ōuchi gari">Ouchi gari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seoi_nage" title="Seoi nage">Seoi nage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kodokan_judo_techniques#Dai_nikyo" title="List of Kodokan judo techniques">Dai Nikyo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosoto_gari" title="Kosoto gari">Kosoto gari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kouchi_gari" title="Kouchi gari">Kouchi gari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koshi_guruma" title="Koshi guruma">Koshi guruma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsurikomi_goshi" title="Tsurikomi goshi">Tsurikomi goshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okuriashi_harai" title="Okuriashi harai">Okuriashi harai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_otoshi" title="Tai otoshi">Tai otoshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harai_goshi" title="Harai goshi">Harai goshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uchi_mata" title="Uchi mata">Uchi mata</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kodokan_judo_techniques#Dai_sankyo" title="List of Kodokan judo techniques">Dai Sankyo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosoto_gake" title="Kosoto gake">Kosoto gake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsuri_goshi" title="Tsuri goshi">Tsuri goshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoko_otoshi" title="Yoko otoshi">Yoko otoshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashi_guruma" title="Ashi guruma">Ashi guruma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hane_goshi" title="Hane goshi">Hane goshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harai_tsurikomi_ashi" title="Harai tsurikomi ashi">Harai tsurikomi ashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomoe_nage" title="Tomoe nage">Tomoe nage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kata_guruma" title="Kata guruma">Kata guruma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kodokan_judo_techniques#Dai_yonkyo" title="List of Kodokan judo techniques">Dai Yonkyo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sumi_gaeshi" title="Sumi gaeshi">Sumi gaeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tani_otoshi" title="Tani otoshi">Tani otoshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hane_makikomi" title="Hane makikomi">Hane makikomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukui_Nage" title="Sukui Nage">Sukui nage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utsuri_goshi" title="Utsuri goshi">Utsuri goshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8C_guruma" title="Ō guruma">O guruma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soto_makikomi" title="Soto makikomi">Soto makikomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uki_otoshi" title="Uki otoshi">Uki otoshi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kodokan_judo_techniques#Dai_gokyo" title="List of Kodokan judo techniques">Dai Gokyo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Osoto_guruma" title="Osoto guruma">Osoto guruma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uki_waza" title="Uki waza">Uki waza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoko_wakare" title="Yoko wakare">Yoko wakare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoko_guruma" title="Yoko guruma">Yoko guruma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ushiro_goshi" title="Ushiro goshi">Ushiro goshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ura_nage" title="Ura nage">Ura nage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumi_otoshi" title="Sumi otoshi">Sumi otoshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoko_gake" title="Yoko gake">Yoko gake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kodokan_judo_techniques#Habukareta_waza" title="List of Kodokan judo techniques">Habukareta-waza</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Obi_otoshi" title="Obi otoshi">Obi otoshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seoi_otoshi" title="Seoi otoshi">Seoi otoshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yama_arashi" title="Yama arashi">Yama arashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osoto_otoshi" title="Osoto otoshi">Osoto otoshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daki_wakare" title="Daki wakare">Daki wakare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hikikomi_gaeshi" title="Hikikomi gaeshi">Hikikomi gaeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawara_gaeshi" title="Tawara gaeshi">Tawara gaeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uchi_makikomi" title="Uchi makikomi">Uchi makikomi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kodokan_judo_techniques#Shinmeisho_no_waza" title="List of Kodokan judo techniques">Shinmeisho no waza</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Morote_gari" title="Morote gari">Morote gari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuchiki_taoshi" title="Kuchiki taoshi">Kuchiki taoshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kibisu_gaeshi" title="Kibisu gaeshi">Kibisu gaeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uchi_mata_sukashi" title="Uchi mata sukashi">Uchi mata sukashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daki_age" title="Daki age">Daki age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsubame_gaeshi" title="Tsubame gaeshi">Tsubame gaeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kouchi_gaeshi" title="Kouchi gaeshi">Kouchi gaeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouchi_gaeshi" title="Ouchi gaeshi">Ouchi gaeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osoto_gaeshi" title="Osoto gaeshi">Osoto gaeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harai_goshi_gaeshi" title="Harai goshi gaeshi">Harai goshi gaeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uchi_mata_gaeshi" title="Uchi mata gaeshi">Uchi mata gaeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hane_goshi_gaeshi" title="Hane goshi gaeshi">Hane goshi gaeshi</a></li> <li>Kani basami</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osoto_makikomi" title="Osoto makikomi">Osoto makikomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawazu_gake" title="Kawazu gake">Kawazu gake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harai_makikomi" title="Harai makikomi">Harai makikomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uchi_mata_makikomi" title="Uchi mata makikomi">Uchi mata makikomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sode_tsurikomi_goshi" title="Sode tsurikomi goshi">Sode tsurikomi goshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ippon_seoi_nage" title="Ippon seoi nage">Ippon seoinage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kodokan_judo_techniques#Katame-waza_(grappling_techniques)" title="List of Kodokan judo techniques">Katame-waza</a> (pins and submissions) </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kodokan_judo_techniques#Osaekomi-waza" title="List of Kodokan judo techniques">Osaekomi-waza</a> (pins) </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kuzure_kesa_gatame" title="Kuzure kesa gatame">Kuzure-kesa-gatame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hon-kesa-gatame" class="mw-redirect" title="Hon-kesa-gatame">Hon-kesa-gatame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ushiro-kesa-gatame" title="Ushiro-kesa-gatame">Ushiro-kesa-gatame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kata_gatame" title="Kata gatame">Kata-gatame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North%E2%80%93south_position#Kami_shiho_gatame" title="North–south position">Kami shiho gatame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuzure_kami_shiho_gatame" title="Kuzure kami shiho gatame">Kuzure-kami-shiho-gatame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoko_shiho_gatame" title="Yoko shiho gatame">Yoko shiho gatame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tate_shiho_gatame" title="Tate shiho gatame">Tate-shiho-gatame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kesa-gatame" title="Kesa-gatame">Kesa-gatame</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kodokan_judo_techniques#Shime-waza" title="List of Kodokan judo techniques">Shime-waza</a> (chokes and strangles)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nami_juji_jime" title="Nami juji jime">Nami-juji-jime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyaku_J%C5%ABji-jime" title="Gyaku Jūji-jime">Gyaku-juji-jime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kata_juji_jime" title="Kata juji jime">Kata-juji-jime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rear_naked_choke" title="Rear naked choke">Hadaka-jime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okuri_eri_jime" title="Okuri eri jime">Okuri-eri-jime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kata_ha_jime" title="Kata ha jime">Kata-ha-jime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Do-jime" title="Do-jime">Do-jime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sode_guruma_jime" title="Sode guruma jime">Sode-guruma-jime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kata_te_jime" title="Kata te jime">Kata-te-jime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryo_te_jime" title="Ryo te jime">Ryo-te-jime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsukkomi_jime" title="Tsukkomi jime">Tsukkomi-jime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triangle_choke" title="Triangle choke">Sankaku-jime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ura_juji_jime" title="Ura juji jime">Ura-juji-jime</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kodokan_judo_techniques#Kansetsu-waza" title="List of Kodokan judo techniques">Kansetsu-waza</a> (joint locks) </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ude-Garami" class="mw-redirect" title="Ude-Garami">Ude-garami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ude_hishigi_juji_gatame" title="Ude hishigi juji gatame">Ude-hishigi-juji-gatame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ude_hishigi_ude_gatame" title="Ude hishigi ude gatame">Ude-hishigi-ude-gatame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ude_hishigi_hiza_gatame" title="Ude hishigi hiza gatame">Ude-hishigi-hiza-gatame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ude_hishigi_waki_gatame" title="Ude hishigi waki gatame">Ude-hishigi-waki-gatame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ude_hishigi_hara_gatame" title="Ude hishigi hara gatame">Ude-hishigi-hara-gatame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashi_garami" title="Ashi garami">Ashi-garami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ude_hishigi_ashi_gatame" title="Ude hishigi ashi gatame">Ude-hishigi-ashi-gatame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ude_hishigi_te_gatame" title="Ude hishigi te gatame">Ude-hishigi-te-gatame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ude_hishigi_sankaku_gatame" title="Ude hishigi sankaku gatame">Ude-hishigi-sankaku-gatame</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kata</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kodokan kata</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Go-no-kata</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itsutsu-no-kata" title="Itsutsu-no-kata">Itsutsu-no-kata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ju-no-kata" title="Ju-no-kata">Ju-no-kata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katame-no-kata" title="Katame-no-kata">Katame-no-kata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kime-no-kata" title="Kime-no-kata">Kime-no-kata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodokan_Goshin_Jutsu" title="Kodokan Goshin Jutsu">Kodokan Goshin Jutsu</a></li> <li>Kodokan Joshi Goshin-Ho</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koshiki-no-kata" title="Koshiki-no-kata">Koshiki-no-kata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nage-no-kata" title="Nage-no-kata">Nage-no-kata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seiryoku_Zen%27yo_Kokumin_Taiiku_no_Kata" title="Seiryoku Zen'yo Kokumin Taiiku no Kata">Seiryoku Zen'yo Kokumin Taiiku no Kata</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-Kodokan Japanese kata</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Go-no-sen-no-kata" title="Go-no-sen-no-kata">Go-no-sen-no-kata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katame-waza_ura-no-kata" title="Katame-waza ura-no-kata">Katame-waza ura-no-kata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nage-Waza-Ura-no-kata" title="Nage-Waza-Ura-no-kata">Nage-Ura-no-kata</a></li> <li>Nanami-no-kata</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaeshi-no-kata" title="Kaeshi-no-kata">Kaeshi-no-kata</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-Japanese kata</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Budokwai Goshin jutsu</li> <li>Hikomi no Kata</li> <li>Hoho kata</li> <li>Kansetsu no kata</li> <li>Kyushin-no-kata</li> <li>Renraku-no-kata</li> <li>Rensa-no-kata</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="International_judo" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:International_judo" title="Template:International judo"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:International_judo" title="Template talk:International judo"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:International_judo" title="Special:EditPage/Template:International judo"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="International_judo" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">International <a class="mw-selflink selflink">judo</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Judo_Federation" title="International Judo Federation">IJF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IJF_World_Tour" title="IJF World Tour">World Tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judo_World_Masters" title="Judo World Masters">World Masters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Judo_Championships" title="World Judo Championships">World Championships</a> (<a href="/wiki/World_Judo_Cadets_Championships" title="World Judo Cadets Championships">U18</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Judo_Juniors_Championships" title="World Judo Juniors Championships">U21</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judo_at_the_Summer_Olympics" title="Judo at the Summer Olympics">Olympic Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judo_at_the_Summer_Paralympics" title="Judo at the Summer Paralympics">Paralympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judo_at_the_World_Combat_Games" title="Judo at the World Combat Games">World Combat Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judo_at_the_Summer_World_University_Games" title="Judo at the Summer World University Games">Universiade</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo_at_the_Summer_Youth_Olympics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Judo at the Summer Youth Olympics (page does not exist)">Youth Olympic Games</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo_at_the_Deaflympics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Judo at the Deaflympics (page does not exist)">Deaflympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_achievements_in_judo_by_nation" title="Major achievements in judo by nation">Achievements by nation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1em;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #c00000;">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/African_Judo_Union" title="African Judo Union">African Judo Union</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/African_Judo_Championships" title="African Judo Championships">African Championships</a> (<a href="/wiki/African_Junior_Judo_Championships" title="African Junior Judo Championships">U21</a>, <a href="/wiki/African_Cadet_Judo_Championships" title="African Cadet Judo Championships">U18</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Judo_at_the_African_Games" title="Judo at the African Games">African Games</a></dd></dl> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:NOC_by_continent.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/NOC_by_continent.png/250px-NOC_by_continent.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/NOC_by_continent.png/375px-NOC_by_continent.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/NOC_by_continent.png/500px-NOC_by_continent.png 2x" data-file-width="1357" data-file-height="628" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1em;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #c0c000;">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Judo_Union_of_Asia" title="Judo Union of Asia">Judo Union of Asia</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Asian_Judo_Championships" title="Asian Judo Championships">Asian Championships</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Judo_at_the_Asian_Games" title="Judo at the Asian Games">Asian Games</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_Judo_Championships" title="East Asian Judo Championships">East Asian Championships</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Judo_at_the_East_Asian_Games" title="Judo at the East Asian Games">East Asian Games</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Judo_at_the_2009_Asian_Martial_Arts_Games" title="Judo at the 2009 Asian Martial Arts Games">Asian Martial Arts Games</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo_at_the_Southeast_Asian_Games&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Judo at the Southeast Asian Games (page does not exist)">Southeast Asian Games</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1em;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #0000c0;">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Pan_American_Judo_Confederation" title="Pan American Judo Confederation">Pan American Judo Confederation</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pan_American_Judo_Championships" title="Pan American Judo Championships">Pan American Championships</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pan_American_Junior_Judo_Championships&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pan American Junior Judo Championships (page does not exist)">U21</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Judo_at_the_Pan_American_Games" title="Judo at the Pan American Games">Pan American Games</a> (<a href="/wiki/Judo_at_the_Junior_Pan_American_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="Judo at the Junior Pan American Games">Junior</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo_at_the_South_American_Games&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Judo at the South American Games (page does not exist)">South American Games</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_American_Judo_Championships&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="South American Judo Championships (page does not exist)">South American Championships</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1em;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #008000;">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/European_Judo_Union" title="European Judo Union">European Judo Union</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/European_Judo_Championships" title="European Judo Championships">European Championships</a> (<a href="/wiki/European_U23_Judo_Championships" title="European U23 Judo Championships">U23</a>, <a href="/wiki/European_Junior_Judo_Championships" title="European Junior Judo Championships">U21</a>, <a href="/wiki/European_Cadet_Judo_Championships" title="European Cadet Judo Championships">U18</a>, <a href="/wiki/Judo_at_the_European_Youth_Summer_Olympic_Festival" title="Judo at the European Youth Summer Olympic Festival">EYOF</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Judo_at_the_European_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="Judo at the European Games">European Games</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/European_Judo_Open_Championships" class="mw-redirect" title="European Judo Open Championships">Open Championships</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/IBSA_European_Judo_Championships" title="IBSA European Judo Championships">Paralympic European Championships</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1em;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #00c0c0;">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Oceania_Judo_Union" title="Oceania Judo Union">Oceania Judo Union</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/OJU_Senior_Championships" title="OJU Senior Championships">OJU Senior Championships</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Judo_at_the_Pacific_Games" title="Judo at the Pacific Games">Pacific Games</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1em;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #000000;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judo_at_the_Arab_Games&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Judo at the Arab Games (page does not exist)">Arab Games</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Judo_at_the_Commonwealth_Games" title="Judo at the Commonwealth Games">Commonwealth Games</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Judo_at_the_Jeux_de_la_Francophonie" title="Judo at the Jeux de la Francophonie">Francophone Games</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Judo_at_the_Goodwill_Games" title="Judo at the Goodwill Games">Goodwill Games</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Judo_at_the_Lusofonia_Games" title="Judo at the Lusofonia Games">Lusophone Games</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Judo_at_the_Mediterranean_Games" title="Judo at the Mediterranean Games">Mediterranean Games</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="30px_Summer_Olympic_sports" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Summer_Olympic_sports" title="Template:Summer Olympic sports"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Summer_Olympic_sports" title="Template talk:Summer Olympic sports"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Summer_Olympic_sports" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Summer Olympic sports"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="30px_Summer_Olympic_sports" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/File:Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/30px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/45px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/60px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="342" data-file-height="158" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Olympic_sports" title="Olympic sports">Summer Olympic sports</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mandatory sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aquatic_sports" class="mw-redirect" title="Aquatic sports">Aquatics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Synchronized_swimming" title="Synchronized swimming">Artistic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_(sport)" title="Diving (sport)">Diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_water_swimming" title="Open water swimming">Marathon Swimming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swimming_(sport)" title="Swimming (sport)">Swimming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_polo" title="Water polo">Water polo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archery" title="Archery">Archery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_of_athletics" title="Sport of athletics">Athletics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badminton" title="Badminton">Badminton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">Basketball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3x3_basketball" title="3x3 basketball">3x3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boxing" title="Boxing">Boxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canoeing" title="Canoeing">Canoeing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canoe_slalom" title="Canoe slalom">Canoe slalom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canoe_sprint" title="Canoe sprint">Canoe sprint</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycle_sport" title="Cycle sport">Cycling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BMX_racing" title="BMX racing">BMX racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freestyle_BMX" title="Freestyle BMX">Freestyle BMX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_bike_racing" title="Mountain bike racing">Mountain biking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_bicycle_racing" title="Road bicycle racing">Road cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Track_cycling" title="Track cycling">Track cycling</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrianism" title="Equestrianism">Equestrian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dressage" title="Dressage">Dressage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eventing" title="Eventing">Eventing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Show_jumping" title="Show jumping">Show jumping</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fencing" title="Fencing">Fencing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_hockey" title="Field hockey">Field hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golf" title="Golf">Golf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics" title="Gymnastics">Gymnastics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artistic_gymnastics" title="Artistic gymnastics">Artistic gymnastics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhythmic_gymnastics" title="Rhythmic gymnastics">Rhythmic gymnastics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trampolining" title="Trampolining">Trampolining</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handball" title="Handball">Handball</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Judo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_pentathlon" title="Modern pentathlon">Modern pentathlon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rowing_(sport)" title="Rowing (sport)">Rowing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_sevens" title="Rugby sevens">Rugby sevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_(sport)" title="Sailing (sport)">Sailing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_sports" title="Shooting sports">Shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skateboarding" title="Skateboarding">Skateboarding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Competition_climbing" title="Competition climbing">Sport climbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surfing" title="Surfing">Surfing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Table_tennis" title="Table tennis">Table tennis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taekwondo" title="Taekwondo">Taekwondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennis" title="Tennis">Tennis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triathlon" title="Triathlon">Triathlon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volleyball" title="Volleyball">Volleyball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beach_volleyball" title="Beach volleyball">Beach volleyball</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_weightlifting" title="Olympic weightlifting">Weightlifting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrestling" title="Wrestling">Wrestling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freestyle_wrestling" title="Freestyle wrestling">Freestyle wrestling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Roman_wrestling" title="Greco-Roman wrestling">Greco-Roman wrestling</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discretionary sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">Baseball</a> / <a href="/wiki/Softball" title="Softball">Softball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty20" title="Twenty20">Cricket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_football" title="Flag football">Flag football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacrosse_sixes" title="Lacrosse sixes">Lacrosse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squash_(sport)" title="Squash (sport)">Squash</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>See also: <a href="/wiki/Paralympic_sports" title="Paralympic sports">Paralympic sports</a> and <a href="/wiki/Winter_Olympic_sports" class="mw-redirect" title="Winter Olympic sports">Winter Olympic sports</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Japanese_martial_arts" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Japanese_martial_arts" title="Template:Japanese martial arts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Japanese_martial_arts" title="Template talk:Japanese martial arts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Japanese_martial_arts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Japanese martial arts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Japanese_martial_arts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_martial_arts" title="Japanese martial arts">Japanese martial arts</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_martial_arts" title="List of Japanese martial arts">List of Japanese martial arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kory%C5%AB_schools_of_martial_arts" title="List of koryū schools of martial arts">List of koryū schools of martial arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_wrestling_in_Japan" title="Professional wrestling in Japan">Professional wrestling in Japan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_professional_wrestling_promotions_in_Japan" title="List of professional wrestling promotions in Japan">promotions</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kobud%C5%8D" title="Kobudō">Kobudō</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bajutsu" title="Bajutsu">Bajutsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batt%C5%8Djutsu" title="Battōjutsu">Battōjutsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C5%8Djutsu" title="Bōjutsu">Bōjutsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boryaku" title="Boryaku">Boryaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hens%C5%8Djutsu" title="Hensōjutsu">Hensōjutsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoj%C5%8Djutsu" title="Hojōjutsu">Hojōjutsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iaijutsu" title="Iaijutsu">Iaijutsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intonjutsu" title="Intonjutsu">Intonjutsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dd%C5%8D" title="Jōdō">Jōjutsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jujutsu" title="Jujutsu">Jujutsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jittejutsu" title="Jittejutsu">Jittejutsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayakujutsu" title="Kayakujutsu">Kayakujutsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenjutsu" title="Kenjutsu">Kenjutsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kusarigamajutsu" title="Kusarigamajutsu">Kusarigamajutsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%ABjutsu" title="Kyūjutsu">Kyūjutsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naginatajutsu" title="Naginatajutsu">Naginatajutsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninjutsu" title="Ninjutsu">Ninjutsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okinawan_kobud%C5%8D" title="Okinawan kobudō">Okinawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shugijutsu" title="Shugijutsu">Shugijutsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shurikenjutsu" title="Shurikenjutsu">Shurikenjutsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C5%8Djutsu" title="Sōjutsu">Sōjutsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suijutsu" title="Suijutsu">Suijutsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taijutsu" title="Taijutsu">Taijutsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tantojutsu" title="Tantojutsu">Tantojutsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenmon" title="Tenmon">Tenmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tessenjutsu" title="Tessenjutsu">Tessenjutsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yabusame" title="Yabusame">Yabusame</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gendai_bud%C5%8D" title="Gendai budō">Gendai budō</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aikido" title="Aikido">Aikido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dait%C5%8D-ry%C5%AB_Aiki-j%C5%ABjutsu" title="Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu">Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iaido" title="Iaido">Iaido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jieitaikakut%C5%8Djutsu" title="Jieitaikakutōjutsu">Jieitaikakutōjutsu</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Judo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C5%ABkend%C5%8D" title="Jūkendō">Jūkendō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karate" title="Karate">Karate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kendo" title="Kendo">Kendo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%ABd%C5%8D" title="Kūdō">Kūdō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%ABd%C5%8D" title="Kyūdō">Kyūdō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nippon_Kempo" title="Nippon Kempo">Nippon Kempo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shorinji_Kempo" title="Shorinji Kempo">Shorinji Kempo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoot_boxing" title="Shoot boxing">Shoot boxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumo" title="Sumo">Sumo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taid%C5%8D" title="Taidō">Taidō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiho-jutsu" title="Taiho-jutsu">Taiho-jutsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero_Range_Combat" title="Zero Range Combat">Zero Range Combat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aiki_(martial_arts_principle)" title="Aiki (martial arts principle)">Aiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atemi" title="Atemi">Atemi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bud%C5%8D" title="Budō">Budō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bugei_j%C5%ABhappan" title="Bugei jūhappan">Bugei jūhappan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dojo" title="Dojo">Dojo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heya_(sumo)" title="Heya (sumo)">Heya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenp%C5%8D" title="Kenpō">Kenpō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuzushi" title="Kuzushi">Kuzushi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maai" title="Maai">Maai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mushin_(mental_state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mushin (mental state)">Mushin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randori" title="Randori">Randori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ry%C5%AB_(school)" title="Ryū (school)">Ryū</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ko-ry%C5%AB" title="Ko-ryū">Ko-ryū</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uchi-deshi" title="Uchi-deshi">Uchi-deshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanshin" title="Zanshin">Zanshin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Japanese_martial_arts" title="Category:Japanese martial arts">Japanese martial arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Japan" title="Portal:Japan">Japan</a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Martial_arts" title="Portal:Martial arts">Martial arts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Martial_arts" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:LightPurple"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Martial_arts" title="Template:Martial arts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Martial_arts" title="Template talk:Martial arts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Martial_arts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Martial arts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Martial_arts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Martial_arts" title="Martial arts">Martial arts</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_martial_arts" title="List of martial arts">List of styles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_martial_arts" title="History of martial arts">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_arts_timeline" title="Martial arts timeline">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mixed_martial_arts_records" title="List of mixed martial arts records">Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_and_soft_techniques" title="Hard and soft techniques">Hard and soft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: LightPurple;"><div id="Classification" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Classification</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_martial_arts" title="List of martial arts">Regional origin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_martial_arts" title="Chinese martial arts">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_European_martial_arts" title="Historical European martial arts">Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_martial_arts" title="Indian martial arts">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_martial_arts" title="Indonesian martial arts">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_martial_arts" title="Italian martial arts">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_martial_arts" title="Irish martial arts">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_martial_arts" title="Japanese martial arts">Japan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Okinawan_martial_arts" title="Okinawan martial arts">Okinawa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_martial_arts" title="Korean martial arts">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Southeast_Asia_martial_arts" title="Mainland Southeast Asia martial arts">Mainland Southeast Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_martial_arts" title="Filipino martial arts">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_martial_arts" title="Russian martial arts">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_martial_arts" title="Vietnamese martial arts">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hand-to-hand_combat" title="Hand-to-hand combat">Unarmed techniques</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Arm strikes <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chokehold" title="Chokehold">Chokehold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punch_(combat)" title="Punch (combat)">Punch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbow_(strike)" title="Elbow (strike)">Elbow strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinch_fighting" title="Clinch fighting">Clinch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ground_fighting" title="Ground fighting">Ground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headbutt" title="Headbutt">Headbutt</a></li></ul></li> <li>Leg strikes <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Footwork_(martial_arts)" title="Footwork (martial arts)">Footwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kick" title="Kick">Kick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flying_kick" title="Flying kick">Flying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knee_(strike)" title="Knee (strike)">Knee strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stomp_(strike)" title="Stomp (strike)">Stomp</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grappling" title="Grappling">Grappling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grappling_hold" title="Grappling hold">Hold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_lock" title="Joint lock">Joint lock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweep_(martial_arts)" title="Sweep (martial arts)">Sweep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takedown_(grappling)" title="Takedown (grappling)">Takedown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Throw_(grappling)" title="Throw (grappling)">Throw</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stand-up_fighting" title="Stand-up fighting">Stand-up</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_martial_arts_weapons" title="List of martial arts weapons">Weapons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duel" title="Duel">Duel</a></li> <li>Melee weapons <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Knife_fight" title="Knife fight">Knife fighting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stick-fighting" title="Stick-fighting">Stick-fighting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swordsmanship" title="Swordsmanship">Swordsmanship</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranged_weapon" title="Ranged weapon">Ranged weapons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archery" title="Archery">Archery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting" title="Shooting">Shooting</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Training" title="Training">Training</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kata" title="Kata">Kata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boxing_glove" title="Boxing glove">Boxing glove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_practice_weapons" title="List of practice weapons">Practice weapon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punching_bag" title="Punching bag">Punching bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pushing_hands" title="Pushing hands">Pushing hands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randori" title="Randori">Randori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sparring" title="Sparring">Sparring</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Grappling" title="Grappling">Grappling</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barr%C3%B3g" title="Barróg">Barróg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_jiu-jitsu" title="Brazilian jiu-jitsu">Brazilian jiu-jitsu</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Judo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Para_judo" title="Para judo">Para judo</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jujutsu" title="Jujutsu">Jujutsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luta_Livre" title="Luta Livre">Luta Livre esportiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malla-yuddha" title="Malla-yuddha">Malla-yuddha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pehlwani" title="Pehlwani">Pehlwani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambo_(martial_art)" title="Sambo (martial art)">Sambo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuai_jiao" title="Shuai jiao">Shuai jiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumo" title="Sumo">Sumo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrestling" title="Wrestling">Wrestling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catch_wrestling" title="Catch wrestling">catch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_wrestling" title="Cornish wrestling">Cornish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_wrestling" title="Folk wrestling">folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freestyle_wrestling" title="Freestyle wrestling">freestyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Roman_wrestling" title="Greco-Roman wrestling">Greco-Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_wrestling" title="Mongolian wrestling">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_wrestling" title="Oil wrestling">oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoot_wrestling" title="Shoot wrestling">shoot</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Strike_(attack)" title="Strike (attack)">Striking</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bando" title="Bando">Bando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boxing" title="Boxing">Boxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capoeira" title="Capoeira">Capoeira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_boxing" title="Chess boxing">Chess boxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choi_Kwang_Do" title="Choi Kwang Do">Choi Kwang Do</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dambe" title="Dambe">Dambe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karate" title="Karate">Karate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kickboxing" title="Kickboxing">Kickboxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kun_Khmer" title="Kun Khmer">Kun Khmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lethwei" title="Lethwei">Lethwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muay_Thai" title="Muay Thai">Muay Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Praying_Mantis" title="Northern Praying Mantis">Northern Praying Mantis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_boxing" title="Russian boxing">Russian boxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanda_(sport)" title="Sanda (sport)">Sanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaolin_kung_fu" title="Shaolin kung fu">Shaolin kung fu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoot_boxing" title="Shoot boxing">Shoot boxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savate" title="Savate">Savate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taekwondo" title="Taekwondo">Taekwondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tang_Soo_Do" title="Tang Soo Do">Tang Soo Do</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tien_Shan_Pai" title="Tien Shan Pai">Tien Shan Pai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vovinam" title="Vovinam">Vovinam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wudangquan" title="Wudangquan">Wudangquan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoshukai_Karate" title="Yoshukai Karate">Yoshukai Karate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Qi" title="Qi">Internal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aikido" title="Aikido">Aikido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dait%C5%8D-ry%C5%AB_Aiki-j%C5%ABjutsu" title="Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu">Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baguazhang" title="Baguazhang">Baguazhang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_chi" title="Tai chi">Tai chi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xingyiquan" title="Xingyiquan">Xingyiquan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Contact_sport#Full-contact" title="Contact sport">Full contact</a> / <a href="/wiki/Combat_sport" title="Combat sport">combat sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Professional_boxing" title="Professional boxing">Professional boxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kickboxing" title="Kickboxing">Kickboxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full_contact_karate" title="Full contact karate">Full contact karate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_martial_arts" title="Mixed martial arts">Mixed martial arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pankration" title="Pankration">Pankration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shootfighting" title="Shootfighting">Shootfighting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submission_wrestling" title="Submission wrestling">Submission wrestling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vale_Tudo" title="Vale Tudo">Vale Tudo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Self-defense" title="Self-defense">Self-defense</a> / <a href="/wiki/Combatives" title="Combatives">combatives</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arnis" title="Arnis">Arnis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartitsu" title="Bartitsu">Bartitsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hapkido" title="Hapkido">Hapkido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kajukenbo" title="Kajukenbo">Kajukenbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jieitaikakut%C5%8Djutsu" title="Jieitaikakutōjutsu">Jieitaikakutōjutsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krav_Maga" title="Krav Maga">Krav Maga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Corps_Martial_Arts_Program" title="Marine Corps Martial Arts Program">MCMAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pencak_silat" title="Pencak silat">Pencak silat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pencak_Silat_Harimau" title="Pencak Silat Harimau">Pencak Silat Harimau</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffrajitsu" title="Suffrajitsu">Suffrajitsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systema" title="Systema">Systema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taekkyon" title="Taekkyon">Taekkyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/To-Shin_Do" title="To-Shin Do">To-Shin Do</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wing_Chun" title="Wing Chun">Wing Chun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silat_Melayu" title="Silat Melayu">Silat Melayu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eclecticism#Martial_arts" title="Eclecticism">Eclectic</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_martial_arts" title="Hybrid martial arts">hybrids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Kenpo" title="American Kenpo">American Kenpo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angampora" title="Angampora">Angampora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chun_Kuk_Do" class="mw-redirect" title="Chun Kuk Do">Chun Kuk Do</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hokutoryu_Ju-Jutsu" title="Hokutoryu Ju-Jutsu">Hokutoryu Ju-Jutsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeet_Kune_Do" title="Jeet Kune Do">Jeet Kune Do</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooto" title="Shooto">Shooto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shorinji_Kempo" title="Shorinji Kempo">Shorinji Kempo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unifight" title="Unifight">Unifight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qwan_Ki_Do" title="Qwan Ki Do">Qwan Ki Do</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Battlefield" title="Battlefield">Battlefield</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banshay" title="Banshay">Banshay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bokator" title="Bokator">Bokator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_European_martial_arts" title="Historical European martial arts">Historical European martial arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huiyen_Lallong" title="Huiyen Lallong">Huiyen Lallong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jujutsu" title="Jujutsu">Jujutsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalaripayattu" title="Kalaripayattu">Kalaripayattu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krabi%E2%80%93krabong" title="Krabi–krabong">Krabi–krabong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krav_Maga" title="Krav Maga">Krav Maga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mardani_khel" title="Mardani khel">Mardani khel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Corps_Martial_Arts_Program" title="Marine Corps Martial Arts Program">Marine Corps Martial Arts Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pencak_Silat_Harimau" title="Pencak Silat Harimau">Pencak Silat Harimau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Entertainment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fighting_game" title="Fighting game">Fighting game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_arts_film" title="Martial arts film">Martial arts film</a> (<a href="/wiki/Samurai_cinema" title="Samurai cinema">Chanbara</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_wrestling" title="Professional wrestling">Professional wrestling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stage_combat" title="Stage combat">Stage combat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricking_(martial_arts)" title="Tricking (martial arts)">Tricking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuxia" title="Wuxia">Wuxia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: LightPurple;"><div id="International_games" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">International games</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Martial arts at the <a href="/wiki/Olympic_sports" title="Olympic sports">Summer Olympics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boxing_at_the_Summer_Olympics" title="Boxing at the Summer Olympics">Boxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fencing_at_the_Summer_Olympics" title="Fencing at the Summer Olympics">Fencing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judo_at_the_Summer_Olympics" title="Judo at the Summer Olympics">Judo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karate_at_the_Summer_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Karate at the Summer Olympics">Karate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taekwondo_at_the_Summer_Olympics" title="Taekwondo at the Summer Olympics">Taekwondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_Summer_Olympics" title="Wrestling at the Summer Olympics">Wrestling</a> (<a href="/wiki/Freestyle_wrestling" title="Freestyle wrestling">freestyle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greco-Roman_wrestling" title="Greco-Roman wrestling">Greco-Roman</a>)</li> <li>Demonstration sports <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Budo_at_the_1964_Summer_Olympics" title="Budo at the 1964 Summer Olympics">Budō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_dueling" class="mw-redirect" title="Olympic dueling">Pistol dueling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glima_at_the_1912_Summer_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Glima at the 1912 Summer Olympics">Glima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savate_at_the_1924_Summer_Olympics" title="Savate at the 1924 Summer Olympics">Savate</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Martial arts at the <a href="/wiki/World_Games_sports" title="World Games sports">World Games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ju-jitsu_at_the_World_Games" title="Ju-jitsu at the World Games">Ju-jitsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karate_at_the_World_Games" title="Karate at the World Games">Karate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kickboxing" title="Kickboxing">Kickboxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muay_Thai" title="Muay Thai">Muay Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumo_at_the_World_Games" title="Sumo at the World Games">Sumo</a></li> <li>Former official sports <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sambo_at_the_World_Games" title="Sambo at the World Games">Sambo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taekwondo" title="Taekwondo">Taekwondo</a></li></ul></li> <li>Invitational sports <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aikido" title="Aikido">Aikido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wushu_(sport)" title="Wushu (sport)">Wushu</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Martial arts at the <a href="/wiki/Pan_American_Games" title="Pan American Games">Pan American Games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boxing" title="Boxing">Boxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fencing" title="Fencing">Fencing</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Judo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karate" title="Karate">Karate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taekwondo" title="Taekwondo">Taekwondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrestling" title="Wrestling">Wrestling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Martial arts at the <a href="/wiki/Asian_Games" title="Asian Games">Asian Games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boxing" title="Boxing">Boxing</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Judo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jujutsu" title="Jujutsu">Jujutsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karate" title="Karate">Karate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taekwondo" title="Taekwondo">Taekwondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrestling" title="Wrestling">Wrestling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wushu_(sport)" title="Wushu (sport)">Wushu</a></li> <li>2018 Only <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kurash" title="Kurash">Kurash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pencak_silat" title="Pencak silat">Pencak silat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambo_(martial_art)" title="Sambo (martial art)">Sambo</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Martial arts at the <a href="/wiki/African_Games" title="African Games">African Games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boxing" title="Boxing">Boxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fencing" title="Fencing">Fencing</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Judo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karate" title="Karate">Karate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taekwondo" title="Taekwondo">Taekwondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrestling" title="Wrestling">Wrestling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Martial arts at the <a href="/wiki/European_Games" title="European Games">European Games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boxing" title="Boxing">Boxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fencing" title="Fencing">Fencing</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Judo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karate" title="Karate">Karate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muay_Thai" title="Muay Thai">Muaythai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambo_(martial_art)" title="Sambo (martial art)">Sambo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taekwondo" title="Taekwondo">Taekwondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrestling" title="Wrestling">Wrestling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Martial_arts" title="Portal:Martial arts">Portal</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_martial_arts" title="Outline of martial arts">Outline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Grappling" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Grappling" title="Template:Grappling"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Grappling" title="Template talk:Grappling"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Grappling" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Grappling"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Grappling" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Grappling" title="Grappling">Grappling</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Competitions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ADCC_Submission_Fighting_World_Championship" title="ADCC Submission Fighting World Championship">ADCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craig_Jones_Invitational" title="Craig Jones Invitational">Craig Jones Invitational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grapplers_Quest" title="Grapplers Quest">Grapplers Quest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_IBJJF_Jiu-Jitsu_Championship" title="World IBJJF Jiu-Jitsu Championship">International Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metamoris" title="Metamoris">Metamoris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polaris_Pro_Grappling" title="Polaris Pro Grappling">Polaris Pro Grappling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quintet_(grappling)" title="Quintet (grappling)">Quintet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COPA_de_Bangkok" title="COPA de Bangkok">COPA de Bangkok</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General techniques</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_(grappling)" title="Bridge (grappling)">Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinch_fighting" title="Clinch fighting">Clinch fighting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collar_tie" title="Collar tie">Collar tie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eye-gouging" title="Eye-gouging">Eye-gouging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish-hooking" title="Fish-hooking">Fish-hooking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grappling_hold" title="Grappling hold">Grappling hold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hooks_(grappling)" title="Hooks (grappling)">Hooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ippon_seoi_nage" title="Ippon seoi nage">Ippon seoi nage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_hold" title="Nelson hold">Nelson hold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overhook" title="Overhook">Overhook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sprawl_(grappling)" title="Sprawl (grappling)">Sprawl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweep_(martial_arts)" title="Sweep (martial arts)">Sweep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takedown_(grappling)" title="Takedown (grappling)">Takedown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Throw_(grappling)" title="Throw (grappling)">Throw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_(grappling)" title="Transition (grappling)">Transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underhook" title="Underhook">Underhook</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Grappling_hold" title="Grappling hold">Grappling hold</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armlock" title="Armlock">Armlock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chokehold" title="Chokehold">Chokehold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compression_lock" title="Compression lock">Compression lock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_lock" title="Joint lock">Joint lock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leglock" title="Leglock">Leglock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_joint_manipulation" title="Small joint manipulation">Small joint manipulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinal_lock" title="Spinal lock">Spinal lock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wristlock" title="Wristlock">Wristlock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Grappling_position" title="Grappling position">Grappling position</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Back_mount" title="Back mount">Back mount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bear_hug" title="Bear hug">Bear hug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collar-and-elbow_position" title="Collar-and-elbow position">Collar-and-elbow position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cradle_(wrestling)" title="Cradle (wrestling)">Cradle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifix_position" title="Crucifix position">Crucifix position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guard_(grappling)" title="Guard (grappling)">Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Half_guard" title="Half guard">Half guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knee-on-stomach" title="Knee-on-stomach">Knee-on-stomach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_(grappling)" title="Mount (grappling)">Mount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North%E2%80%93south_position" title="North–south position">North–south position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Over%E2%80%93under_position" title="Over–under position">Over–under position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinch_grip_tie" title="Pinch grip tie">Pinch grip tie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Side_control" title="Side control">Side control</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Grappling-based martial arts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aikido" title="Aikido">Aikido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beach_wrestling" title="Beach wrestling">Beach wrestling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_jiu-jitsu" title="Brazilian jiu-jitsu">Brazilian jiu-jitsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catch_wrestling" title="Catch wrestling">Catch wrestling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chin_Na" title="Chin Na">Chin Na</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dog_Kung_Fu" class="mw-redirect" title="Dog Kung Fu">Dishuquan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_wrestling" title="Folk wrestling">Folk wrestling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belt_wrestling" title="Belt wrestling">Belt</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glima" class="mw-redirect" title="Glima">Glima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gouren" title="Gouren">Gouren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacket_wrestling" title="Jacket wrestling">Jacket wrestling</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Judo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambo_(martial_art)" title="Sambo (martial art)">Sambo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuai_jiao" title="Shuai jiao">Shuai jiao</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jujutsu" title="Jujutsu">Jujutsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurash" title="Kurash">Kurash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_wrestling" title="Mongolian wrestling">Mongolian wrestling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoot_wrestling" title="Shoot wrestling">Shoot wrestling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ssireum" title="Ssireum">Ssireum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumo" title="Sumo">Sumo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrestling" title="Wrestling">Wrestling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Styles_of_wrestling" title="Styles of wrestling">Styles</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongmudo" title="Yongmudo">Yongmudo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_jiu-jitsu_gi" title="Brazilian jiu-jitsu gi">Brazilian jiu-jitsu gi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dohy%C5%8D" title="Dohyō">Dohyō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunbai" title="Gunbai">Gunbai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judogi" title="Judogi">Judogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrestling_headgear" title="Wrestling headgear">Wrestling headgear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrestling_shoe" title="Wrestling shoe">Wrestling shoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrestling_singlet" title="Wrestling singlet">Wrestling singlet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236088147">.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline;font-size:88%;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em 0 0;padding:0 2em}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;padding:0.2em 0;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px;line-height:22px}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;align-items:baseline;padding:0.2em 0;column-gap:1em;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{display:flex;align-items:baseline;margin:0.15em 0;min-height:24px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-logo{width:22px;line-height:22px;margin:0 0.2em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-link{margin:0 0.2em;text-align:left}@media screen and (max-width:960px){.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{flex-flow:column wrap;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{flex:0 1}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{flex:1;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{flex:0 0 20em;min-width:20em}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.portal-bar{margin-top:-1px}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="noprint metadata sister-bar" role="navigation" aria-label="sister-projects"><div class="sister-bar-header">Judo at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a>:</div><ul class="sister-bar-content"><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/19px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/21px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/32px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/42px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Judo" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Judo">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/21px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/32px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/42px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" 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style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11420#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11420#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" 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