CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="zh" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>多语制 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )zhwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"zh", "wgMonthNames":["","1月","2月","3月","4月","5月","6月","7月","8月","9月","10月","11月","12月"],"wgRequestId":"7dd3ce7f-7d38-4d74-8d15-8a8045a00540","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"多语制","wgTitle":"多语制","wgCurRevisionId":85807249,"wgRevisionId":85807249,"wgArticleId":316275,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["含有英語的條目","含有法語的條目","含有克里語的條目","自2025年1月需补充来源的条目","拒绝当选首页新条目推荐栏目的条目","使用小型訊息框的頁面","有未列明来源语句的条目","扩充中的条目","所有扩充中的条目","维基共享资源分类链接使用了维基数据上的匹配项","包含FAST标识符的维基百科条目","包含BNE标识符的维基百科条目","包含GND标识符的维基百科条目","包含J9U标识符的维基百科条目", "包含LCCN标识符的维基百科条目","包含LNB标识符的维基百科条目","包含NDL标识符的维基百科条目","包含NKC标识符的维基百科条目","包含EMU标识符的维基百科条目","多語","語言習得","语言社会学","神经语言学"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"zh","wgPageContentLanguage":"zh","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"多语制","wgRelevantArticleId":316275,"wgUserVariant":"zh","wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgRedirectedFrom":"雙語","wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"zh","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":["zh-hans","zh-hant","zh-cn","zh-tw","zh-hk","zh-sg","zh-mo","zh-my"]},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true}, "wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgInternalRedirectTargetUrl":"/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B6","wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q30081","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.large-font":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready", "jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.action.view.redirect","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.edit0","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.gadget.UnihanTooltips","ext.gadget.Difflink","ext.gadget.pseudonamespace-UI","ext.gadget.SpecialWikitext","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.VariantAlly","ext.gadget.AdvancedSiteNotices","ext.gadget.hideConversionTab","ext.gadget.ilhpp","ext.gadget.noteTA","ext.gadget.NavFrame","ext.gadget.collapsibleTables","ext.gadget.scrollUpButton","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init", "ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=ext.gadget.large-font&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.17"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Alameda_Park_Zoo_welcome_sign.jpg/1200px-Alameda_Park_Zoo_welcome_sign.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="900"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Alameda_Park_Zoo_welcome_sign.jpg/800px-Alameda_Park_Zoo_welcome_sign.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="600"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Alameda_Park_Zoo_welcome_sign.jpg/640px-Alameda_Park_Zoo_welcome_sign.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="480"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="多语制 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B6"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="编辑本页" href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B6&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (zh)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//zh.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B6"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B6"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hans/%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B6"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B6"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-my/%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B6"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-sg/%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B6"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hant/%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B6"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hk/%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B6"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-mo/%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B6"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B6"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B6"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.zh"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia的Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-多语制 rootpage-多语制 skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">跳转到内容</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="主菜单" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="主菜单" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">主菜单</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">主菜单</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 导航 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="访问首页[z]" accesskey="z"><span>首页</span></a></li><li id="n-indexpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95" title="以分类索引搜寻中文维基百科"><span>分类索引</span></a></li><li id="n-Featured_content" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%89%B9%E8%89%B2%E5%85%A7%E5%AE%B9" title="查看中文维基百科的特色内容"><span>特色内容</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E5%8B%95%E6%85%8B" title="提供当前新闻事件的背景资料"><span>新闻动态</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9" title="列出维基百科中的最近修改[r]" accesskey="r"><span>最近更改</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="随机载入一个页面[x]" accesskey="x"><span>随机条目</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-help" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-help" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 帮助 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95" title="寻求帮助"><span>帮助</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%A4%BE%E7%BE%A4%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="关于本计划、你可以做什么、应该如何做"><span>维基社群</span></a></li><li id="n-policy" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D%E8%88%87%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95" title="查看维基百科的方针和指引"><span>方针与指引</span></a></li><li id="n-villagepump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BA%92%E5%8A%A9%E5%AE%A2%E6%A0%88" title="参与维基百科社群的讨论"><span>互助客栈</span></a></li><li id="n-Information_desk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E9%97%AE%E7%AD%94" title="解答任何与维基百科无关的问题的地方"><span>知识问答</span></a></li><li id="n-conversion" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%AD%97%E8%AF%8D%E8%BD%AC%E6%8D%A2" title="提出字词转换请求"><span>字词转换</span></a></li><li id="n-IRC" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC%E8%81%8A%E5%A4%A9%E9%A2%91%E9%81%93"><span>IRC即时聊天</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E8%81%94%E7%BB%9C%E6%88%91%E4%BB%AC" title="如何联络维基百科"><span>联络我们</span></a></li><li id="n-about" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E" title="查看维基百科的简介"><span>关于维基百科</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="维基百科" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-zh.svg" style="width: 6.5625em; height: 1.375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="自由的百科全书" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-zh.svg" width="103" height="14" style="width: 6.4375em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%90%9C%E7%B4%A2" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="搜索维基百科[f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>搜索</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="搜索维基百科" aria-label="搜索维基百科" autocapitalize="sentences" title="搜索维基百科[f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:搜索"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">搜索</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="个人工具"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="更改页面字体大小、宽度和颜色的外观" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="外观" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">外观</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh" class=""><span>资助维基百科</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B6" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的" class=""><span>创建账号</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B6" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>登录</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="更多选项" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="个人工具" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B6" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B6" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-言語社會的多語現象" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#言語社會的多語現象"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>言語社會的多語現象</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-言語社會的多語現象-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关言語社會的多語現象子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-言語社會的多語現象-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-世界各地的多語現狀" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#世界各地的多語現狀"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>世界各地的多語現狀</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-世界各地的多語現狀-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-中國大陸" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#中國大陸"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>中國大陸</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-中國大陸-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-香港" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#香港"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>香港</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-香港-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-澳門" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#澳門"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.3</span> <span>澳門</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-澳門-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-臺灣" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#臺灣"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.4</span> <span>臺灣</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-臺灣-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-新加坡" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#新加坡"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.5</span> <span>新加坡</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-新加坡-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-馬來西亞" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#馬來西亞"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.6</span> <span>馬來西亞</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-馬來西亞-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-印度" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#印度"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.7</span> <span>印度</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-印度-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-加拿大" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#加拿大"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.8</span> <span>加拿大</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-加拿大-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-美國" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#美國"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.9</span> <span>美國</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-美國-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-比利時" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#比利時"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.10</span> <span>比利時</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-比利時-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-瑞士" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#瑞士"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.11</span> <span>瑞士</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-瑞士-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-南非" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#南非"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.12</span> <span>南非</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-南非-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-英國" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#英國"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.13</span> <span>英國</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-英國-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-愛爾蘭" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#愛爾蘭"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.14</span> <span>愛爾蘭</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-愛爾蘭-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-芬蘭" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#芬蘭"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.15</span> <span>芬蘭</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-芬蘭-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-導致多語的因素" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#導致多語的因素"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>導致多語的因素</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-導致多語的因素-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-對於多語的其他看法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#對於多語的其他看法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>對於多語的其他看法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-對於多語的其他看法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-個人的多語現象" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#個人的多語現象"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>個人的多語現象</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-個人的多語現象-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关個人的多語現象子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-個人的多語現象-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-定義的模糊性" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#定義的模糊性"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>定義的模糊性</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-定義的模糊性-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-对个人的意義和影響" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#对个人的意義和影響"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>对个人的意義和影響</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-对个人的意義和影響-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參見" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參見"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>參見</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參見-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考文獻" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考文獻"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>參考文獻</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考文獻-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>外部連結</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="目录" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">多语制</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。81种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-81" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">81种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%AF_%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%88%D9%8A" title="تعدد لغوي – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تعدد لغوي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%AF_%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%88%D9%89" title="تعدد لغوى – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تعدد لغوى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6" title="বহুভাষাবাদ – 阿萨姆语" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="বহুভাষাবাদ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="阿萨姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A4_arut_yatinta%C3%B1a" title="Pä arut yatintaña – 艾马拉语" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Pä arut yatintaña" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="艾马拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87oxdillilik" title="Çoxdillilik – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Çoxdillilik" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Полілінгвізм – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Полілінгвізм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Многоезичност – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Многоезичност" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%82%8F%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%82%8F%E1%80%84%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%84%E1%80%BD%E1%80%AB%E1%80%85%E1%80%BD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%82%8F%E1%80%91%E1%80%AC%EA%A9%BB%E1%80%9A%E1%80%B0%E1%82%8F" title="ဘာႏသာႏငဝ်းငွါစွုမ်ႏထာꩻယူႏ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ဘာႏသာႏငဝ်းငွါစွုမ်ႏထာꩻယူႏ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE" title="বহুভাষিকতা – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বহুভাষিকতা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liesyezhegezh" title="Liesyezhegezh – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Liesyezhegezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiling%C3%BCisme" title="Multilingüisme – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Multilingüisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%95%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="فرەزمانی – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="فرەزمانی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multilingvismus" title="Multilingvismus – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Multilingvismus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flersprogethed" title="Flersprogethed – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Flersprogethed" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehrsprachigkeit" title="Mehrsprachigkeit – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mehrsprachigkeit" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%AF%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%89%CF%83%CF%83%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Δίγλωσσος – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δίγλωσσος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multilingualism" title="Multilingualism – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Multilingualism" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plurlingveco" title="Plurlingveco – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Plurlingveco" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiling%C3%BCismo_social" title="Multilingüismo social – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Multilingüismo social" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitmekeelsus" title="Mitmekeelsus – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Mitmekeelsus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eleaniztasun" title="Eleaniztasun – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Eleaniztasun" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C" title="چندزبانگی – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="چندزبانگی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monikielisyys" title="Monikielisyys – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Monikielisyys" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multilinguisme" title="Multilinguisme – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Multilinguisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Touspr%C3%A4kih%C3%A4id" title="Touspräkihäid – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Touspräkihäid" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilteangachas" title="Ilteangachas – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ilteangachas" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A0-ch%C3%A0nanas" title="Dà-chànanas – 苏格兰盖尔语" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Dà-chànanas" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="苏格兰盖尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiling%C3%BCismo" title="Multilingüismo – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Multilingüismo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%91-%D7%9C%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA" title="רב-לשוניות – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רב-לשוניות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="बहुभाषिकता – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बहुभाषिकता" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi%C5%A1ejezi%C4%8Dnost" title="Višejezičnost – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Višejezičnost" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%A6%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Բազմալեզվություն – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բազմալեզվություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multilinguismo" title="Multilinguismo – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Multilinguismo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multibahasa" title="Multibahasa – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Multibahasa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%85%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%88_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Дукха метташ хилар – 印古什语" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Дукха метташ хилар" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="印古什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fj%C3%B6ltyngi" title="Fjöltyngi – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Fjöltyngi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multilinguismo" title="Multilinguismo – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Multilinguismo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E8%A8%80%E8%AA%9E" title="多言語 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="多言語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="მულტილინგვიზმი – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მულტილინგვიზმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagetutlayt" title="Tagetutlayt – 卡拜尔语" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tagetutlayt" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="卡拜尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BF%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Көптілділік – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Көптілділік" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8B%A4%EC%A4%91%EC%96%B8%EC%96%B4" title="다중언어 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="다중언어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirziman%C3%AE" title="Pirzimanî – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Pirzimanî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multilinguismus" title="Multilinguismus – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Multilinguismus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daudzvalod%C4%ABba" title="Daudzvalodība – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Daudzvalodība" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%9C%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Повеќејазичност – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Повеќејазичност" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwibahasa" title="Dwibahasa – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Dwibahasa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multilingwi%C5%BCmu" title="Multilingwiżmu – 马耳他语" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Multilingwiżmu" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="马耳他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="बहुभाषिकता – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="बहुभाषिकता" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meertaligheid" title="Meertaligheid – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Meertaligheid" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fleirspr%C3%A5kleg" title="Fleirspråkleg – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Fleirspråkleg" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flerspr%C3%A5klighet" title="Flerspråklighet – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Flerspråklighet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A6" title="ਬਹੁਭਾਸ਼ਾਵਾਦ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬਹੁਭਾਸ਼ਾਵਾਦ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multilingualismo" title="Multilingualismo – 帕皮阿门托语" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Multilingualismo" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="帕皮阿门托语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wieloj%C4%99zyczno%C5%9B%C4%87" title="Wielojęzyczność – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wielojęzyczność" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multilinguismo" title="Multilinguismo – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Multilinguismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plurilinguitad" title="Plurilinguitad – 罗曼什语" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Plurilinguitad" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="罗曼什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multilingvism" title="Multilingvism – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Multilingvism" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Многоязычие – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Многоязычие" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi%C5%A1ejezi%C4%8Dnost" title="Višejezičnost – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Višejezičnost" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%94_%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%8F" title="බහු භාෂා – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="බහු භාෂා" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multilingualism" title="Multilingualism – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Multilingualism" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multilingvizmus" title="Multilingvizmus – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Multilingvizmus" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shum%C3%ABgjuh%C3%ABsia" title="Shumëgjuhësia – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Shumëgjuhësia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Мултилингвизам – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мултилингвизам" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwi_Bahasa" title="Dwi Bahasa – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Dwi Bahasa" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flerspr%C3%A5kighet" title="Flerspråkighet – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Flerspråkighet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88" title="பன்மொழிப் புலமை – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பன்மொழிப் புலமை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%82" title="బహుభాషితం – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="బహుభాషితం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%91%D1%80%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D3%A3" title="Бисёрзабонӣ – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Бисёрзабонӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%B5%E1%88%AD%E1%89%A5_%E1%89%8B%E1%8A%95%E1%89%8B%E1%8A%90%E1%89%B5" title="ድርብ ቋንቋነት – 提格利尼亚语" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ድርብ ቋንቋነት" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="提格利尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87okdillilik" title="Çokdillilik – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çokdillilik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Багатомовність – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Багатомовність" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%AB%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="کثیراللسانیت – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کثیراللسانیت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi%C5%82enguismo" title="Multiłenguismo – 威尼斯语" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Multiłenguismo" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90a_ng%C3%B4n_ng%E1%BB%AF" title="Đa ngôn ngữ – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đa ngôn ngữ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B6" title="多语制 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="多语制" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multilingualism" title="Multilingualism – 科萨语" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Multilingualism" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="科萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="მულტილინგვიზმი – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მულტილინგვიზმი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%B3%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%8D%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%A2%E2%B5%9C" title="ⵜⴰⴳⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ – 标准摩洛哥塔马塞特语" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⴰⴳⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="标准摩洛哥塔马塞特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E8%AA%9E%E7%8F%BE%E8%B1%A1" title="多語現象 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="多語現象" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q30081#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B6" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B6" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B6" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B6" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B6" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B6" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B6" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B6" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B6" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B6" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B6" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B6"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B6&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B6&action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B6"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B6&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B6&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B6" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B6" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project:上传" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B6&oldid=85807249" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B6&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B6&id=85807249&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E5%25A4%259A%25E8%25AF%25AD%25E5%2588%25B6"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E5%25A4%259A%25E8%25AF%25AD%25E5%2588%25B6"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B6&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Multilingualism" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q30081" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-noteTA-fe69cc4" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span title="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换"><img alt="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/35px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/53px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/70px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">（重定向自<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%99%E8%AA%9E&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="雙語">雙語</a>）</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><div id="noteTA-fe69cc4" class="noteTA"><div class="noteTA-group"><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="地名"></div></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span class="noviewer hatnote-notice-img" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span>「<b>双语</b>」重定向至此，它也可以指“<b><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%99%E8%A8%80%E5%B7%A7%E8%AA%9E" title="雙言巧語">雙言巧語</a></b>”。</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alameda_Park_Zoo_welcome_sign.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Alameda_Park_Zoo_welcome_sign.jpg/220px-Alameda_Park_Zoo_welcome_sign.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Alameda_Park_Zoo_welcome_sign.jpg/330px-Alameda_Park_Zoo_welcome_sign.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Alameda_Park_Zoo_welcome_sign.jpg/440px-Alameda_Park_Zoo_welcome_sign.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="美國">美國</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E8%A5%BF%E8%A5%BF%E6%AF%94%E5%B7%9E" title="密西西比州">密西西比州</a>一個<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%92" title="動物園">動物園</a>的歡迎路牌同時寫有<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="英文">英文</a>（Welcome）、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="西班牙文">西班牙文</a>（Bienvenidos）和<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="德文">德文</a>（Willkommen）</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GaelicSign.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/GaelicSign.JPG/250px-GaelicSign.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/GaelicSign.JPG/375px-GaelicSign.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/GaelicSign.JPG/500px-GaelicSign.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD" title="蘇格蘭">蘇格蘭</a>一個雙語路牌，黃字為<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD%E8%93%8B%E7%88%BE%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="蘇格蘭蓋爾語">蘇格蘭蓋爾語</a>，白字為<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="英語">英語</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mistassini_roadsign.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Mistassini_roadsign.jpg/250px-Mistassini_roadsign.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="342" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Mistassini_roadsign.jpg/375px-Mistassini_roadsign.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/Mistassini_roadsign.jpg 2x" data-file-width="468" data-file-height="641" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7" title="加拿大">加拿大</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%81%E5%8C%97%E5%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="魁北克">魁北克</a>一个「停止」路牌标示三种语言：<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="英語">英語</a>（<span lang="en">STOP</span>）、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="法語">法語</a>（<span lang="fr">ARRÊT</span>）和<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="克里語">克里語</a>（<span lang="cr">ᒋᐱᐦᒋ</span>）。</figcaption></figure> <p><b>多語制</b>（英語：<span lang="en">Multilingualism</span>），又稱<b>多語主義</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，指社群或個人，使用兩種（亦稱<b>雙語</b>）或兩種以上<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="語言">語言</a>的現象。世界90%以上的人民處於雙語或多語社會中，或日常使用多種語言。多语制与<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E8%AA%9E%E8%83%BD%E9%80%9A%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="多語能通主義">多语能通主义</a>（英語：<span lang="en">Polyglotism</span>）所指概念不同，後者為通曉多門語言的能力以及主張學習多門語言的立場等。多語言發言者在童年時期獲得併保持至少一種語言，即所謂的第一語言（L1）。第一種語言（有時也稱為母語）是在沒有正規教育的情況下通過尚未釐清的機制獲得的。從這些早期階段獲得兩種語言的兒童稱為同聲雙語。即使在同時使用雙語的情況下，一種語言通常占主導地位。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="言語社會的多語現象"><span id=".E8.A8.80.E8.AA.9E.E7.A4.BE.E6.9C.83.E7.9A.84.E5.A4.9A.E8.AA.9E.E7.8F.BE.E8.B1.A1"></span>言語社會的多語現象</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B6&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：言語社會的多語現象"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chintown_london_gerrard_street.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Chintown_london_gerrard_street.jpg/250px-Chintown_london_gerrard_street.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Chintown_london_gerrard_street.jpg/375px-Chintown_london_gerrard_street.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Chintown_london_gerrard_street.jpg/500px-Chintown_london_gerrard_street.jpg 2x" data-file-width="678" data-file-height="403" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E5%80%AB%E6%95%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="倫敦">倫敦</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E4%BA%BA%E8%A1%97" title="唐人街">唐人街</a>上<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%88%B5%E7%A5%BF%E8%A1%97_(%E5%80%AB%E6%95%A6)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="爵祿街 (倫敦)（页面不存在）">爵祿街</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="中文">中文</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="英文">英文</a>路標</figcaption></figure> <p>世界上只有不到四分之一的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="國家">國家</a>將兩種或多種語言定為<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%98%E6%96%B9%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="官方語言">官方語言</a>。但事實上，並不存在一個真正意義上的單一語言國家。即使是那些大多數公民都只使用一種語言的國家，也存在著數量可觀的使用其他語言的族群。譬如，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8D%97%E6%96%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="中國南方">中國南方</a>的大多數<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="漢語語言">漢語語言</a>如<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B3%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="吳語">吳</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%A9%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="閩語">閩</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E8%A9%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="客家話">客</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%B5%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="粵語">粵</a>等依然是人們日常生活的語言，此外在邊疆地區也通行著其他<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%91%E6%95%B8%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="少數民族語言">少數民族語言</a>等。在<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="美國">美國</a>，有大約20%的人口不以<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="英語">英語</a>為第一語言。在<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="英國">英國</a>，雖然英語作為主要語言，但也有超過100種不同的少數民族語言在國家存在。在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="加納">加納</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E6%97%A5%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="尼日利亞">尼日利亞</a>等其他<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2" title="非洲">非洲</a>的單一官方語言國家，多達90%的人口能夠熟練使用兩種或多種語言，包括黑人原住民的語言。 </p><p>能夠使用多種語言的人口可能多數都生活在多重官方語言國家。因爲絕大多數多官方語言國家的幾個不同語言族群都彼此獨立地生活，例如<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%99%82" class="mw-redirect" title="比利時">比利時</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB" title="瑞士">瑞士</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1" title="新加坡">新加坡</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="馬來西亞">馬來西亞</a>等。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="世界各地的多語現狀"><span id=".E4.B8.96.E7.95.8C.E5.90.84.E5.9C.B0.E7.9A.84.E5.A4.9A.E8.AA.9E.E7.8F.BE.E7.8B.80"></span>世界各地的多語現狀</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B6&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：世界各地的多語現狀"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Name_Change_Bulletin_of_Taikyu_Court.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Japanese_Name_Change_Bulletin_of_Taikyu_Court.jpg/250px-Japanese_Name_Change_Bulletin_of_Taikyu_Court.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Japanese_Name_Change_Bulletin_of_Taikyu_Court.jpg/375px-Japanese_Name_Change_Bulletin_of_Taikyu_Court.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Japanese_Name_Change_Bulletin_of_Taikyu_Court.jpg/500px-Japanese_Name_Change_Bulletin_of_Taikyu_Court.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2057" data-file-height="1449" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮半島">朝鮮半島</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%97%A5%E6%B2%BB%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" title="朝鮮日治時期">日据時期</a>時，以<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%AF%AD" title="日语">日</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E" title="朝鮮語">朝鮮語</a>共用<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%AF%AD%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="日语汉字">漢字</a>所寫的法院公告</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="中國大陸"><span id=".E4.B8.AD.E5.9C.8B.E5.A4.A7.E9.99.B8"></span>中國大陸</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B6&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：中國大陸"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wangfengou_huqu_sign.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Wangfengou_huqu_sign.jpg/220px-Wangfengou_huqu_sign.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Wangfengou_huqu_sign.jpg/330px-Wangfengou_huqu_sign.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Wangfengou_huqu_sign.jpg/440px-Wangfengou_huqu_sign.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3888" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="內蒙古">內蒙古</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%A4%E5%B3%B0%E5%B8%82" title="赤峰市">赤峰市</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%9E%97%E5%8F%B3%E6%97%97" title="巴林右旗">巴林右旗</a>的漢<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="蒙古文">蒙</a>雙語簡介牌</figcaption></figure> <p>在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="中華人民共和國">中華人民共和國</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E8%A9%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="普通話">普通話</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%B0%A1%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="簡化字">簡化字</a>是唯一的官方語言和文字。但是一些其他的<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="漢語語言">漢語語言</a>譬如<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B3%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="吳語">吳語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%98%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="湘語">湘語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9B%E8%AA%9E" title="贛語">贛語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%A9%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="閩語">閩語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E8%A9%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="客家話">客家話</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%B5%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="粵語">粵語</a>等，依然是人們日常生活中所使用的語言。在<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8D%80" class="mw-redirect" title="自治區">少數民族自治區</a>，少數民族語言也廣泛使用，並享有一定的法律權利及保護，例如<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8D%80" class="mw-redirect" title="西藏自治區">西藏自治區</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E" title="藏語">藏語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%96%86%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8D%80" class="mw-redirect" title="新疆自治區">新疆自治區</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E5%90%BE%E7%88%BE%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="維吾爾語">維吾爾語</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8D%80" class="mw-redirect" title="內蒙古自治區">内蒙古自治區</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="蒙古語">蒙古語</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="香港"><span id=".E9.A6.99.E6.B8.AF"></span>香港</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B6&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：香港"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:13-08-08-hongkong-by-RalfR-129.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/13-08-08-hongkong-by-RalfR-129.jpg/220px-13-08-08-hongkong-by-RalfR-129.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/13-08-08-hongkong-by-RalfR-129.jpg/330px-13-08-08-hongkong-by-RalfR-129.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/13-08-08-hongkong-by-RalfR-129.jpg/440px-13-08-08-hongkong-by-RalfR-129.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="4288" /></a><figcaption>寫有中英文的香港路牌</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF" title="香港">香港</a>的官方語文是<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="英文">英文</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="中文">中文</a>，而<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E7%B2%B5%E8%AA%9E" title="香港粵語">廣東話</a>就是<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="香港人">香港人</a>使用最普遍的語言。1997年後在一般的<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="香港中學">中學</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E5%B0%8F%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="香港小學">小學</a>，都硬性規定設有<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E8%A9%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="普通話">普通話</a>科。自從<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E4%B8%BB%E6%AC%8A%E7%A7%BB%E4%BA%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="香港主權移交">香港主權移交</a>以來，學習普通話者日增。除了上述的「<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A9%E6%96%87%E4%B8%89%E8%AA%9E" title="兩文三語">兩文三語</a>」外，部份香港人，尤其是較年長、早年曾居住<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="中國大陸">中國內地</a>的人，更能操流利的<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E8%A9%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="客家話">客家話</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%A9%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="潮州話">潮州話</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%A9%E5%8D%97%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="閩南語">福建話</a>等華南語言。但香港人最普遍學習的語言是<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="英語">英語</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="澳門"><span id=".E6.BE.B3.E9.96.80"></span>澳門</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B6&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：澳門"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Multilingual_sign_in_Macau.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Multilingual_sign_in_Macau.png/250px-Multilingual_sign_in_Macau.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Multilingual_sign_in_Macau.png/375px-Multilingual_sign_in_Macau.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Multilingual_sign_in_Macau.png/500px-Multilingual_sign_in_Macau.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="505" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%AF%E6%BE%B3%E7%A2%BC%E9%A0%AD_(%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80)" class="mw-redirect" title="港澳碼頭 (澳門)">港澳碼頭</a>的多語標示牌，自上而下印有<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="葡萄牙文">葡萄牙文</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="中文">中文</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="日文">日文</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="英文">英文</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80" title="澳門">澳門</a>的官方語文是<a href="/wiki/%E7%B9%81%E9%AB%94%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="繁體中文">繁體中文</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="葡萄牙文">葡萄牙文</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80%E4%BA%BA" title="澳門人">澳門人</a>主要使用粵語，也有部分居民使用普通話。与香港民眾對英國殖民時期的官方語言－英語的了解不同，澳门普通民众中甚少人懂葡语，主要在<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80%E5%9C%9F%E7%94%9F%E8%91%A1%E4%BA%BA" title="澳門土生葡人">土生葡人</a>中交流使用，另外<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%97%A8%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="澳门政府">澳门政府</a>公务员必须懂葡语。中文是所有學校的必修課程，而葡萄牙語主要在一些政府開辦的學校内教授。此外，許多中小學校也開設了<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="英語">英語</a>課程，英語也是最普遍學習的語言。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="臺灣"><span id=".E8.87.BA.E7.81.A3"></span>臺灣</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B6&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：臺灣"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Road_signs_in_Hualien_Airport.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Road_signs_in_Hualien_Airport.jpg/220px-Road_signs_in_Hualien_Airport.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Road_signs_in_Hualien_Airport.jpg/330px-Road_signs_in_Hualien_Airport.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Road_signs_in_Hualien_Airport.jpg/440px-Road_signs_in_Hualien_Airport.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1514" data-file-height="1081" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%B1%E8%93%AE%E6%A9%9F%E5%A0%B4" title="花蓮機場">花蓮機場</a>的多語路標，寫有<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E8%AA%9E" title="中華民國國語">華語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="英語">英語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%BE%8E%E8%AA%9E" title="阿美語">阿美語</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%B7%AF%E5%9B%BA%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="德路固語">太魯閣語</a></figcaption></figure> <p>自古<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%8F%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="台灣原住民族">台灣原住民族</a>即世居於臺灣，十七世紀後又有不同地區移民移入居住，故語言使用本就為多元語境。在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E6%97%A5%E6%B2%BB%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" title="台灣日治時期">台灣日治時期</a>是以<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="日語">日語</a>為官方語言，時至今日仍有老人家在日常使用。而由於日語也使用漢字，所以日治初期部份命令採漢、和語言同時發佈，報紙（如<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E6%97%A5%E6%97%A5%E6%96%B0%E5%A0%B1" title="臺灣日日新報">日日新報</a>）有中文版，學校也有<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BC%A2%E6%96%87%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="漢文教育（页面不存在）">漢文教育</a>，唯在二次大戰爆發後開始<a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%87%E6%B0%91%E5%8C%96%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="皇民化運動">皇民化運動</a>獨尊日文，遂停止。而民間仍以自身民族語言為主（漢人文字為文言文或受到<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%98%E8%A9%B1%E7%99%BD%E8%A9%B1%E6%96%87" title="官話白話文">官話白話文</a>影響的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B8%E9%9D%A2%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="書面語">書面語</a>等，少數使用<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E8%A9%B1%E5%AD%97" title="白話字">白話字</a>，口語則以<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="臺語">臺語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="台灣客家語">客家語</a>為主；原住民族語則較受日人壓迫）。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" title="中華民國">中華民國</a>政府敗走台灣後，官方強行推廣國語（標準官話），取代日語成為今日族群間及年輕人間通用語。除國語外，廣泛使用者有<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E8%A9%B1" title="臺灣話">臺灣話</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E8%A9%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="客家話">客家話</a>、原住民族各族亦有其各族原住民語。受日本教育長者較能理解及使用<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="日語">日語</a>、年輕人則以<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="日語">日語</a>為最盛行之第二外語，最普遍外語則是<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="英語">英語</a>，為<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E5%B0%8F%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="國民小學">國民小學</a>一年級以上至高等教育之必修科目。多數的在臺灣的居民為多語使用者，包括外語及<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="漢語語言">漢語語言</a>，一般以國語和臺灣話、客家語及原住民族各族語言作為多語使用，有能在母語程度上同時使用國語、各族群語言與方言（包括原住民各族語言、閩南語、客家語）及其他外語的能力，然而因為國語運動打壓本土語言的使用，年輕人傾向不使用本土語言，而使用官話。因為來臺灣工作與居住的移工與新住民，和近年來政府推行新南向政策，使得東南亞語之公共標示與學校教學，更廣泛在臺灣的社會中使用。2018年推出<a href="/wiki/2030%E9%9B%99%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96" title="2030雙語政策">2030双语政策</a>政策，計劃加強英語教學，在2030年让英语作为台湾社会的并列主要语言。<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="新加坡"><span id=".E6.96.B0.E5.8A.A0.E5.9D.A1"></span>新加坡</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B6&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：新加坡"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IllegalWorkersSign-Singapore-20070316.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/IllegalWorkersSign-Singapore-20070316.jpg/220px-IllegalWorkersSign-Singapore-20070316.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/IllegalWorkersSign-Singapore-20070316.jpg/330px-IllegalWorkersSign-Singapore-20070316.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/IllegalWorkersSign-Singapore-20070316.jpg/440px-IllegalWorkersSign-Singapore-20070316.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%90%E9%A0%93" title="紐頓">紐頓</a>一塊寫有<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="英文">英文</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="馬來文">馬來文</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B0%A1%E9%AB%94%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="簡體中文">簡體中文</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%A1%E7%B1%B3%E7%88%BE%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="淡米爾文">淡米爾文</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%89%E6%96%87" title="孟加拉文">孟加拉文</a>的警告黑工告示</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="英語">英語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="華語">華語</a>（即<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1%E8%8F%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="新加坡華語">新加坡華語</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="馬來語">馬來語</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E7%B1%B3%E7%88%BE%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="泰米爾語">坦米爾文</a>都是<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1" title="新加坡">新加坡</a>的官方語言，其中英語為不同族群之間交流的共同語，通用的英語方言為<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="新加坡英語">新加坡英語</a>，該方言為英語融合多個亞洲語言而形成，並無官方地位。<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="新加坡華人">新加坡華人</a>大多來自中國南方，因此民間也通行<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%B5%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="粵語">粵語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%A9%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="潮州話">潮州話</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%89%E6%BC%B3%E8%A9%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="泉漳話">泉漳話</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E8%A9%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="客家話">客家話</a>，但青少年一代多已放棄祖輩使用的漢語方言，改用華語，或者以英語為母語。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="馬來西亞"><span id=".E9.A6.AC.E4.BE.86.E8.A5.BF.E4.BA.9E"></span>馬來西亞</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B6&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：馬來西亞"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bahaya.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Bahaya.JPG/220px-Bahaya.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="371" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Bahaya.JPG/330px-Bahaya.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/Bahaya.JPG 2x" data-file-width="380" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>馬來西亞一個寫有馬來語、英語、華語、坦米爾語、<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%81%E9%81%AE%E6%99%AE%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="旁遮普语">旁遮普语</a>的危險警告牌</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="馬來西亞">馬來西亞</a>的國語為<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="馬來語">馬來語</a>，但是英語、華語、泰米爾語也通用。大部分的<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="馬來西亞華人">馬來西亞華人</a>都會懂得三種以上的語言。在日常生活中，華人主要使用<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E8%8F%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="馬來西亞華語">馬來西亞華語</a>或本身的祖籍方言，如<a href="/wiki/%E6%AA%B3%E5%9F%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="檳城">檳城</a>華人多用福建話（閩南語泉漳話），<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E9%9A%86%E5%9D%A1" title="吉隆坡">吉隆坡</a>華人多用廣東話，<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%B1%B1" title="新山">新山</a>華人多用華語和潮州話，<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E5%B7%B4" title="沙巴">沙巴</a>華人多用客家話，此外也有人使用海南話和福州話。英语和马来语作为<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2" title="马来西亚教育">马来西亚教育</a>的必修科，是他们的<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="第二语言">第二或第三語言</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="印度"><span id=".E5.8D.B0.E5.BA.A6"></span>印度</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B6&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：印度"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_cross_road,_New_Delhi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Red_cross_road%2C_New_Delhi.jpg/220px-Red_cross_road%2C_New_Delhi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Red_cross_road%2C_New_Delhi.jpg/330px-Red_cross_road%2C_New_Delhi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Red_cross_road%2C_New_Delhi.jpg/440px-Red_cross_road%2C_New_Delhi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C" title="新德里">新德里</a>一個寫有<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="印地文">印地文</a>、英文、<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%81%E9%81%AE%E6%99%AE%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="旁遮普文">旁遮普文</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E7%88%BE%E9%83%BD%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="烏爾都文">烏爾都文</a>的路牌</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度">印度</a>政府雖以<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%9F%8E%E6%96%87" title="天城文">天城文</a>書寫的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%9C%B0%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="印地語">印地語</a>作為主要官方語言，在主要城市的使用亦最普遍，但由於印度方言眾多，故印度境內各種族群使用英國殖民時期推廣的<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="英語">英語</a>作為交流媒介；現今英語也在印度人的日常生活中廣泛使用，亦為官方語言之一。根據印度憲法的規定，第一通用的官方語言為以天城文書寫的印地語，英語則是必要的第二官方語言，境內各邦都可以將各自區域內的方言當作各邦官方語言。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="加拿大"><span id=".E5.8A.A0.E6.8B.BF.E5.A4.A7"></span>加拿大</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B6&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：加拿大"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7" title="加拿大">加拿大</a>雖以<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="英語">英語</a>的使用最廣泛，但以法裔居民為主體的<a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%81%E5%8C%97%E5%85%8B%E7%9C%81" title="魁北克省">魁北克省</a>仍以<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="法語">法語</a>為第一語言（如<a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%81%E5%8C%97%E5%85%8B%E5%B8%82" title="魁北克市">魁北克市</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A9%E7%88%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="蒙特利爾">蒙特利爾</a>），而英語和法語自1971年起皆為加拿大的官方語言並有均等地位，公共設施、報刊、教科書、媒體都有英法雙語版本。此外在<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%AB%E5%93%A5%E8%8F%AF" title="溫哥華">溫哥華</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E5%80%AB%E5%A4%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="多倫多">多倫多</a>也有華人聚落與華語使用者。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="美國"><span id=".E7.BE.8E.E5.9C.8B"></span>美國</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B6&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：美國"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="美國">美國</a>以英語的使用最廣泛，十九世紀以來吸引了世界各地的移民，故有「民族大熔爐」的別稱；而在<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%8A%E9%87%91%E5%B1%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="舊金山">舊金山</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E6%9D%89%E7%A3%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="洛杉磯">洛杉磯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%90%E7%B4%84" class="mw-redirect" title="紐約">紐約</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%82%81%E9%98%BF%E5%AF%86" class="mw-redirect" title="邁阿密">邁阿密</a>等移民集中地，各語系的居民都有自己的聚落，如紐約<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E8%A3%94" class="mw-redirect" title="華裔">華裔</a>群居地<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E6%8B%89%E7%9B%9B" title="法拉盛">法拉盛</a>、非裔群居地<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E6%9E%97%E5%8D%80" class="mw-redirect" title="哈林區">哈林區</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%87%E5%90%8E%E5%8D%80" title="皇后區">皇后區</a>、洛杉磯<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E5%83%91" title="日僑">日僑</a>聚集地<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E4%B8%9C%E4%BA%AC_(%E6%B4%9B%E6%9D%89%E7%9F%B6)" class="mw-redirect" title="小东京 (洛杉矶)">小東京</a>等。 </p><p>而<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%8D%97%E9%83%A8" title="美國南部">美國南部</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="拉丁美洲">拉丁美洲</a>移民眾多的地區，如<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E7%A6%8F%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="加利福尼亞州">加利福尼亞州</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E8%8F%AF%E9%81%94%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="內華達州">內華達州</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%96%A9%E6%96%AF%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="德克薩斯州">德克薩斯州</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E5%88%A9%E6%A1%91%E9%82%A3%E5%B7%9E" title="亞利桑那州">亞利桑那州</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%A2%A8%E8%A5%BF%E5%93%A5%E5%B7%9E" title="新墨西哥州">新墨西哥州</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E7%BE%85%E9%87%8C%E9%81%94%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="佛羅里達州">佛羅里達州</a>等地，<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="西班牙語">西班牙語</a>是他們的第一語言，使用也很廣泛，當地也開設了西語電台和電視頻道。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="比利時"><span id=".E6.AF.94.E5.88.A9.E6.99.82"></span>比利時</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B6&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：比利時"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Panneau_de_signalisation_interdiction_%C3%A0_tout_v%C3%A9hicule_sur_le_parvis_de_la_Trinit%C3%A9,_Ixelles_(ii).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Panneau_de_signalisation_interdiction_%C3%A0_tout_v%C3%A9hicule_sur_le_parvis_de_la_Trinit%C3%A9%2C_Ixelles_%28ii%29.jpg/220px-Panneau_de_signalisation_interdiction_%C3%A0_tout_v%C3%A9hicule_sur_le_parvis_de_la_Trinit%C3%A9%2C_Ixelles_%28ii%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Panneau_de_signalisation_interdiction_%C3%A0_tout_v%C3%A9hicule_sur_le_parvis_de_la_Trinit%C3%A9%2C_Ixelles_%28ii%29.jpg/330px-Panneau_de_signalisation_interdiction_%C3%A0_tout_v%C3%A9hicule_sur_le_parvis_de_la_Trinit%C3%A9%2C_Ixelles_%28ii%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Panneau_de_signalisation_interdiction_%C3%A0_tout_v%C3%A9hicule_sur_le_parvis_de_la_Trinit%C3%A9%2C_Ixelles_%28ii%29.jpg/440px-Panneau_de_signalisation_interdiction_%C3%A0_tout_v%C3%A9hicule_sur_le_parvis_de_la_Trinit%C3%A9%2C_Ixelles_%28ii%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="3120" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%85%8B%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="伊克塞尔">伊克塞爾</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="法文">法文</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="荷蘭文">荷蘭文</a>雙語路牌</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%99%82" class="mw-redirect" title="比利時">比利時</a>境內以首都<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E9%AD%AF%E5%A1%9E%E7%88%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="布魯塞爾">布魯塞爾</a>為界，南方為法裔群聚區，而北方為荷裔群聚區，但<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" title="荷蘭語">荷蘭語</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="法語">法語</a>皆為比利時的官方語言並有均等地位，公共設施、報刊、教科書、媒體都有荷法雙語版本。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="瑞士"><span id=".E7.91.9E.E5.A3.AB"></span>瑞士</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B6&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：瑞士"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sankta_Ma%C5%ADrico,_bus-get-on-get-out,_1.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Sankta_Ma%C5%ADrico%2C_bus-get-on-get-out%2C_1.jpeg/220px-Sankta_Ma%C5%ADrico%2C_bus-get-on-get-out%2C_1.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="289" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Sankta_Ma%C5%ADrico%2C_bus-get-on-get-out%2C_1.jpeg/330px-Sankta_Ma%C5%ADrico%2C_bus-get-on-get-out%2C_1.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Sankta_Ma%C5%ADrico%2C_bus-get-on-get-out%2C_1.jpeg/440px-Sankta_Ma%C5%ADrico%2C_bus-get-on-get-out%2C_1.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1728" data-file-height="2272" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E8%8E%AB%E9%87%8C%E8%8C%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="聖莫里茲">聖莫里茲</a>一塊寫有德文、英文、法文、義大利文的巴士站牌</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB" title="瑞士">瑞士</a>地處<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E5%8D%91%E6%96%AF%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%88" class="mw-redirect" title="阿爾卑斯山脈">阿爾卑斯山脈</a>中心地帶，正好處於法、意、德、奧等國交界處，故境內各民族使用的語言較為複雜，<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="法語">法語</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="德語">德語</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="意大利語">意大利語</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E6%9B%BC%E4%BB%80%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="羅曼什語">羅曼什語</a>皆是官方語言之一；而瑞士的聯邦政府組成是以「民族委員會」並以各民族比例代表選舉產生且輪流選出民族委員會主席。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="南非"><span id=".E5.8D.97.E9.9D.9E"></span>南非</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B6&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：南非"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DurbanSign1989.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/DurbanSign1989.jpg/220px-DurbanSign1989.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="375" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/DurbanSign1989.jpg/330px-DurbanSign1989.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/DurbanSign1989.jpg/440px-DurbanSign1989.jpg 2x" data-file-width="587" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E%E7%A8%AE%E6%97%8F%E9%9A%94%E9%9B%A2" title="南非種族隔離">南非種族隔離</a>期間<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E7%88%BE%E7%8F%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="德爾班">德爾班</a>一塊寫有<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="南非語">南非文</a>、英文和<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E9%AD%AF%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="祖魯語">祖魯文</a>的「只准白人使用海灘」告示牌</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E" title="南非">南非</a>的種族組成有英裔及荷裔白人、非洲<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E9%AD%AF%E6%97%8F" title="祖魯族">祖魯族</a>原住民等，自從<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E%E7%A8%AE%E6%97%8F%E9%9A%94%E9%9B%A2" title="南非種族隔離">南非種族隔離</a>政策廢止後，黑人原住民的語言跟<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="英語">英語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="南非語">南非荷蘭語</a>皆有均等地位。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="英國"><span id=".E8.8B.B1.E5.9C.8B"></span>英國</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B6&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：英國"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD" title="蘇格蘭">蘇格蘭</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E7%88%BE%E6%96%AF" title="威爾斯">威爾斯</a>境內除了主要使用和通行<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="英語">英語</a>外，當局有立法保護並推廣<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E7%88%BE%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="威爾斯語">威爾斯語</a>及蘇格蘭方言<a href="/wiki/%E8%93%8B%E7%88%BE%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="蓋爾語">蓋爾語</a>的使用。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="愛爾蘭"><span id=".E6.84.9B.E7.88.BE.E8.98.AD"></span>愛爾蘭</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B6&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：愛爾蘭"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sinal_biling%C3%BCe_en_Lahinch.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Sinal_biling%C3%BCe_en_Lahinch.jpg/220px-Sinal_biling%C3%BCe_en_Lahinch.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Sinal_biling%C3%BCe_en_Lahinch.jpg/330px-Sinal_biling%C3%BCe_en_Lahinch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Sinal_biling%C3%BCe_en_Lahinch.jpg/440px-Sinal_biling%C3%BCe_en_Lahinch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%88%E5%B0%94%E9%9F%A6%E9%83%A1" title="戈尔韦郡">戈尔韦郡</a>一塊以<a href="/wiki/%E8%93%8B%E7%88%BE%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="蓋爾語">蓋爾文</a>和英文寫的路牌</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E7%88%BE%E8%98%AD%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="愛爾蘭共和國">愛爾蘭共和國</a>的官方語言包含了<a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B0%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="爱尔兰英语">愛爾蘭英語</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E7%88%BE%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" title="愛爾蘭語">愛爾蘭語</a>方言<a href="/wiki/%E8%93%8B%E7%88%BE%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="蓋爾語">蓋爾語</a>，但境內主要使用和通行<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="英語">英語</a>。然而蓋爾語正面臨消亡的威脅，當局遂立法保護及推廣蓋爾語的使用。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="芬蘭"><span id=".E8.8A.AC.E8.98.AD"></span>芬蘭</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B6&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：芬蘭"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sign_confusing_Altia_and_Aktia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Sign_confusing_Altia_and_Aktia.jpg/220px-Sign_confusing_Altia_and_Aktia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Sign_confusing_Altia_and_Aktia.jpg/330px-Sign_confusing_Altia_and_Aktia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Sign_confusing_Altia_and_Aktia.jpg/440px-Sign_confusing_Altia_and_Aktia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E7%88%BE%E8%BE%9B%E5%9F%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="赫爾辛基">赫爾辛基</a>一塊以芬蘭文、瑞典文寫成禁止機動車路牌</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%AC%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="芬蘭">芬蘭</a>方面除了以<a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%AC%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="芬蘭語">芬蘭語</a>作為首要官方語言外，也包含少數瑞典裔居民使用的<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8%E8%AA%9E" title="瑞典語">瑞典語</a>，芬瑞雙語皆為地位均等的官方語言，而芬蘭的公共設施、媒體、報刊、教科書均有芬瑞雙語版本。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="導致多語的因素"><span id=".E5.B0.8E.E8.87.B4.E5.A4.9A.E8.AA.9E.E7.9A.84.E5.9B.A0.E7.B4.A0"></span>導致多語的因素</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B6&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节：導致多語的因素"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>因爲歷史的因素，導致某個言語社會的多語現象的因素比較複雜。一般而言，使用多語是該言語社會的成員自己作出的選擇，但有時也可能出於其他外來的原因。 </p> <ul><li><b>政治</b>：兼併、重新安定聚居地、以及其他的<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="政治">政治</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B" title="軍事">軍事</a>行動都會立刻影響到語言。人民有可能成爲<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%A3%E6%B0%91" class="mw-redirect" title="難民">難民</a>並被迫學習他們新的聚居地的語言。當某個地區被外族侵佔後，該地區的人們也可能學習外族的語言。同時語言政策會同時強化<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E8%AD%98%E5%BD%A2%E6%85%8B" title="意識形態">意識形態</a>和增強<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="民族主義">民族主義</a>。</li> <li><b>宗教</b>：人們可能因爲<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="宗教">宗教</a>的原因離開一個國家遷往另一個國家，而他們因此也必須學習新的語言。</li> <li><b>文化</b>：在很多情況下，人們學習一個族群的語言往往是因爲和該族群產生了<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E8%AA%8D%E5%90%8C" title="文化認同">文化認同</a>，其中<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%97%8F%E8%AA%8D%E5%90%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="國族認同">國族認同</a>扮演著尤其關鍵的角色。</li> <li><b>教育</b>：爲了能更方便地獲得<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%A5%E8%AD%98" class="mw-redirect" title="知識">知識</a>，人們會願意學習其他強勢的語言。譬如<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" class="mw-redirect" title="中世紀">中世紀</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="歐洲">歐洲</a>人學習<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁語">拉丁語</a>和現代人學習<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="英語">英語</a>。</li> <li><b>經濟</b>：出於生計的壓力，<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="經濟">經濟</a>落後地區的人口會大批遷往經濟發達地區，從而改變經濟發達地區的言語社會的語言使用狀況。這可以解釋爲什麽今天的美國和歐洲出現了越來越多的雙語和多語現象。</li> <li><b>自然災害</b>：<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%AA%E6%B0%B4" title="洪水">洪水</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E7%88%86%E7%99%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="火山爆發">火山爆發</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A5%91%E8%8D%92" title="饑荒">饑荒</a>以及其他的<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%81%BD%E5%AE%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="自然災害">自然災害</a>都有可能促使大規模的人口遷移。當這些難民定居到新的聚居點後，新的<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E6%8E%A5%E8%A7%B8" title="語言接觸">語言接觸</a>就產生了。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="對於多語的其他看法"><span id=".E5.B0.8D.E6.96.BC.E5.A4.9A.E8.AA.9E.E7.9A.84.E5.85.B6.E4.BB.96.E7.9C.8B.E6.B3.95"></span>對於多語的其他看法</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B6&action=edit&section=19" title="编辑章节：對於多語的其他看法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pieter_Bruegel_the_Elder_-_The_Tower_of_Babel_(Vienna)_-_Google_Art_Project_-_edited.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Pieter_Bruegel_the_Elder_-_The_Tower_of_Babel_%28Vienna%29_-_Google_Art_Project_-_edited.jpg/250px-Pieter_Bruegel_the_Elder_-_The_Tower_of_Babel_%28Vienna%29_-_Google_Art_Project_-_edited.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Pieter_Bruegel_the_Elder_-_The_Tower_of_Babel_%28Vienna%29_-_Google_Art_Project_-_edited.jpg/375px-Pieter_Bruegel_the_Elder_-_The_Tower_of_Babel_%28Vienna%29_-_Google_Art_Project_-_edited.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Pieter_Bruegel_the_Elder_-_The_Tower_of_Babel_%28Vienna%29_-_Google_Art_Project_-_edited.jpg/500px-Pieter_Bruegel_the_Elder_-_The_Tower_of_Babel_%28Vienna%29_-_Google_Art_Project_-_edited.jpg 2x" data-file-width="30000" data-file-height="21952" /></a><figcaption>巴別塔</figcaption></figure> <p>儘管語言多樣性的重要性不斷地受到強調，但直到現代仍有許多人認爲多語現象是一種浪費，所有其他的語言都應當由一種或是若干種強勢語言所取代。他們認爲，統一的語言能夠消除人們彼此間文化認同的隔閡，意味著人們能夠更輕鬆、更親密、更徹底地交流，而且還可以省掉多語資源之間的翻譯與流通所耗費的昂貴開支——而且更重要的是，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%95%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="单语">單語</a>能夠維繫一個國家所有國民的國族認同的一致性。 </p><p>打壓多語在不同的歷史、不同的國家和地區有著不同的形式。例如，美國在兩百多年來曾經開展過一系列的“<a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%AC%E5%B0%8A%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="独尊英语运动">獨尊英語運動</a>”（English-only movement）。19世紀時，英國曾經壓制<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E7%88%BE%E5%A3%AB%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="威爾士語">威爾士語</a>，在校園裏說<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E7%88%BE%E5%A3%AB%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="威爾士語">威爾士語</a>的孩子都要挂上寫著“Welsh Not”的侮辱性的牌子。 </p><p>中國自<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" title="中華民國">民國</a>成立後，近一個世紀來的國家語言政策也是以獨尊<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E8%A9%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="普通話">普通話</a>為表現形式的（中華民國大陸時期稱為國語）。台灣在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E6%97%A5%E6%B2%BB%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" title="台灣日治時期">日治時期</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E6%88%B0%E5%BE%8C%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" title="臺灣戰後時期">戰後</a>初期也曾實行過<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E8%AA%9E%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="國語運動">國語運動</a>，強制使用國語，對<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%A9%E5%8D%97%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="閩南語">閩南語</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="客家語">客家語</a>等的方言進行鉗制。在當代中國還有不少觀點指責校園開設過多英語課、呼籲用人單位放低就業的外語門檻、以及抨擊一些地方開展方言鄉土教育（例如<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="上海">上海</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%88%E9%96%80" class="mw-redirect" title="廈門">廈門</a>）。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="個人的多語現象"><span id=".E5.80.8B.E4.BA.BA.E7.9A.84.E5.A4.9A.E8.AA.9E.E7.8F.BE.E8.B1.A1"></span>個人的多語現象</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B6&action=edit&section=20" title="编辑章节：個人的多語現象"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>廣義地說，一個可以<b>多語</b>的人，指的是任何可以用多種語言和別人交流的人。在某個多語使用者所使用的語言中，至少有一種是他在童年學習語言時就開始學習的<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%8D%E8%AA%9E" title="母語">母語</a>（也稱作“第一語言”）。一般地說，母語是一個人所能使用的最熟練的語言，它會深刻影響到其他後來<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E7%BF%92%E5%BE%97" class="mw-redirect" title="語言習得">學得</a>的語言。有些兒童在童年時期就已經掌握了兩種甚至是多種語言，但即使是這樣，其中一種語言的熟練程度也會高於其它種語言的熟練程度。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="定義的模糊性"><span id=".E5.AE.9A.E7.BE.A9.E7.9A.84.E6.A8.A1.E7.B3.8A.E6.80.A7"></span>定義的模糊性</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B6&action=edit&section=21" title="编辑章节：定義的模糊性"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732972">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tango-nosources.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/35px-Tango-nosources.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/53px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/70px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此章節<b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">尚無參考來源</a></b>，內容或許<b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AD%89" title="Wikipedia:可供查證">無法查證</a></b>。 <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2025年1月24日</span>)</i></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>幾乎不可能用量化的手段來判斷什麽樣的人是雙語或多語使用者，因爲使用一門語言的能力牽涉到聽、說、讀、寫以及<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="發音">發音</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="語法">語法</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%9E%E5%BD%99" class="mw-redirect" title="詞彙">詞彙</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E7%94%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="語用">語用</a>等等多方面的技巧。因此，多語使用者的每一門語言並不一定都要達到接近母語的熟練程度。即使如此，將一名以西班牙語為母語且同時能在中等程度上讀懂法文，法語口語能力卻僅能用來應付簡單對話的人士視為雙語者似乎有些不合理，因此即使學術上沒有公認的雙語者或多語者之定義，普遍認知上，雙語者或多語者除了母語之外，至少有一門語言達到相當於歐洲共同語言參考標準（CEFR）的B2水準，以英語做例子，<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83946278">.mw-parser-output .template-facttext{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);color:inherit;margin:-.3em 0;padding:.3em 0}</style><mark class="template-facttext" title="需要提供文献来源">B2水準相當於多益英語聽力閱讀測驗總分達785分且口說寫作測驗總分達310分，才會較符合一般大眾對「雙語者」或「多語者」的語言能力印象。</mark><sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源"><span style="white-space: nowrap;" title="来源请求。">[來源請求]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="对个人的意義和影響"><span id=".E5.AF.B9.E4.B8.AA.E4.BA.BA.E7.9A.84.E6.84.8F.E7.BE.A9.E5.92.8C.E5.BD.B1.E9.9F.BF"></span>对个人的意義和影響</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B6&action=edit&section=22" title="编辑章节：对个人的意義和影響"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此章节需要<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B6&action=edit"><b>扩充</b></a>。</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>研究發現，兒童時期，家庭中使用雙語溝通的孩子，能夠更好地控制自己的注意力，因為他們需要學會在兩種語言之間切換控制，這有利於自律能力的發展<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>多语制在保持文化多样性和社会公平方面有着重要的意义。对于个人而言，多语言的习得不仅有被广泛认可的职业利益，也有许多认知方面的好处。 </p><p>可以说多门语言的人能更好地理解语言的运作方式，因为学习一门或者多门外语会让学习者注意到语言的机制和它们之间的差异，掌握多门语言的人往往比只掌握一门语言的人更能理解语法和句子结构等内容。这也让多语者可以更有效地与人沟通、更精确地编辑各种文案，因为他们对包括他们的母语在内的语言的功能有着更好的了解。由于经常在多门语言之间切换，多语言者大脑中控制在事物之间切换注意力和工作记忆能力的部分也会得到更多的锻炼。这就是为什么会说多种语言的人往往拥有更发达的执行控制系统。而更发达的执行控制系统意味者更好的专注力和学习能力。这个能力在多语者学习任何新知识时都会发挥作用，而不仅限于学习新语言。在面临重大决定的时候，多语者往往可以做出更加理性的选择，因为多门语言不仅让他们拥有更多的信息来源，也可以让他们减少由于只使用一门语言思考而产生的情感偏见。 </p><p>此外，研究还表明，会说多门语言的人在老年时经历的认知衰退更少，而且经历认知衰退的时间普遍比只会说一门语言的人来的更迟。 </p><p>同時在多語影響下，如馬來西亞、新加坡、香港等國家，也可能會在口語上產生當地混合語言及衍生新詞彙。如：<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="羅惹語言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bahasa Rojak"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%85%E6%83%B9%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="羅惹語言（页面不存在）">羅惹語言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Rojak" class="extiw" title="en:Bahasa Rojak"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bahasa Rojak</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1%E5%BC%8F%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" title="新加坡式英語">新加坡式英語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%AF%E5%BC%8F%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" title="港式英語">港式英語</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參見"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.A6.8B"></span>參見</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B6&action=edit&section=23" title="编辑章节：參見"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%95%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="单语">单语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E6%8E%A5%E8%A7%B8" title="語言接觸">語言接觸</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E7%BF%92%E5%BE%97" class="mw-redirect" title="語言習得">語言習得</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%80%95%E5%8D%B1%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="瀕危語言">瀕危語言</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E8%AA%9E%E8%83%BD%E9%80%9A%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="多語能通主義">多語能通主義</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考文獻"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8D.BB"></span>參考文獻</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B6&action=edit&section=24" title="编辑章节：參考文獻"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Laura M. Ahearn. 活出語言來：語言人類學導論. 群學. 2020: 179–203. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-986-97474-6-2" title="Special:网络书源/978-986-97474-6-2"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-986-97474-6-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B6&rft.au=Laura+M.+Ahearn&rft.btitle=%E6%B4%BB%E5%87%BA%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E4%BE%86%EF%BC%9A%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%B8%E5%B0%8E%E8%AB%96&rft.date=2020&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-986-97474-6-2&rft.pages=179-203&rft.pub=%E7%BE%A4%E5%AD%B8&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ey.gov.tw/Page/448DE008087A1971/b7a931c4-c902-4992-a00c-7d1b87f46cea">存档副本</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2020-09-08</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210303092803/https://www.ey.gov.tw/Page/448DE008087A1971/b7a931c4-c902-4992-a00c-7d1b87f46cea">存档</a>于2021-03-03）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B6&rft.btitle=%E5%AD%98%E6%A1%A3%E5%89%AF%E6%9C%AC&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ey.gov.tw%2FPage%2F448DE008087A1971%2Fb7a931c4-c902-4992-a00c-7d1b87f46cea&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tarullo,et al., 2009</span> </li> </ol></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80540462">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Crystal, David，2002，《The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language》，劍橋大學出版社</li> <li>郭熙，2005，《马来西亚槟城华人社会的语言生活》</li> <li>張正田，〈傳統上中國各地都是雙語甚至三語社會――客語、國語，可並行不悖〉，《客家雜誌》，249（臺北），2011.03，頁60-61。</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.80.A3.E7.B5.90"></span>外部連結</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B6&action=edit&section=25" title="编辑章节：外部連結"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="维基共享资源">维基共享资源</a>上的相关多媒体资源：<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Multilingualism" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Multilingualism"><span style="font-weight:bold;">多语制</span></a></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060525033752/http://www.moe.edu.cn/edoas/website18/info17343.htm">上海成功举办“世博会语言环境建设”国际论坛</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140228162516/http://www.bilingualism.bangor.ac.uk/">ESRC Centre for Research on Bilingualism in Theory and Practice</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:" :"}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe li::after{content:" | ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen li::after{content:" - ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma li::after{content:"、";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:"（"counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output ul.cslist,.mw-parser-output ul.sslist{margin:0;padding:0;display:inline-block;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .cslist li,.mw-parser-output .sslist li{margin:0;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .cslist li::after{content:"，"}.mw-parser-output .sslist li::after{content:"；"}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .sslist li:last-child::after{content:none}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84261037">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf;position:relative}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em;width:auto;padding-left:0.2em;position:absolute;left:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{margin-left:0.5em;position:absolute;right:1em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="第二語言習得" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:SLA_topics" title="Template:SLA topics"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:SLA_topics" title="Template talk:SLA topics"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:SLA_topics" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:SLA topics"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="第二語言習得" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E7%BF%92%E5%BE%97" title="第二語言習得">第二語言習得</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">概要</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二語言習得概要" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Outline of second-language acquisition"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E7%BF%92%E5%BE%97%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="第二語言習得概要（页面不存在）">第二語言習得概要</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_second-language_acquisition" class="extiw" title="en:Outline of second-language acquisition"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Outline of second-language acquisition</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="語文學習常見誤區一覽表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of common misconceptions about language learning"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AA%9E%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8%E7%BF%92%E5%B8%B8%E8%A6%8B%E8%AA%A4%E5%8D%80%E4%B8%80%E8%A6%BD%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="語文學習常見誤區一覽表（页面不存在）">語文學習常見誤區一覽表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_common_misconceptions_about_language_learning" class="extiw" title="en:List of common misconceptions about language learning"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of common misconceptions about language learning</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">次領域</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二語言流失率" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Second language attrition"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E6%B5%81%E5%A4%B1%E7%8E%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="第二語言流失率（页面不存在）">第二語言流失率</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_language_attrition" class="extiw" title="en:Second language attrition"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Second language attrition</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二語言習得課堂研究" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Second-language acquisition classroom research"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E7%BF%92%E5%BE%97%E8%AA%B2%E5%A0%82%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="第二語言習得課堂研究（页面不存在）">第二語言習得課堂研究</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second-language_acquisition_classroom_research" class="extiw" title="en:Second-language acquisition classroom research"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Second-language acquisition classroom research</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2" title="語言教育">語言教育</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二語言語音學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Second language phonology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E8%AA%9E%E9%9F%B3%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="第二語言語音學（页面不存在）">第二語言語音學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_language_phonology" class="extiw" title="en:Second language phonology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Second language phonology</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二語言寫作" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Second language writing"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="第二語言寫作（页面不存在）">第二語言寫作</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_language_writing" class="extiw" title="en:Second language writing"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Second language writing</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">學生</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">多语制</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="傳統語言學習" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Heritage language learning"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%82%B3%E7%B5%B1%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%B8%E7%BF%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="傳統語言學習（页面不存在）">傳統語言學習</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heritage_language_learning" class="extiw" title="en:Heritage language learning"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Heritage language learning</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="多重能力" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Multi-competence"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E9%87%8D%E8%83%BD%E5%8A%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="多重能力（页面不存在）">多重能力</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-competence" class="extiw" title="en:Multi-competence"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Multi-competence</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">學習語言</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="對比性分析" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Contrastive analysis"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8D%E6%AF%94%E6%80%A7%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="對比性分析（页面不存在）">對比性分析</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contrastive_analysis" class="extiw" title="en:Contrastive analysis"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Contrastive analysis</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="對比性修辭" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Contrastive rhetoric"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8D%E6%AF%94%E6%80%A7%E4%BF%AE%E8%BE%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="對比性修辭（页面不存在）">對比性修辭</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contrastive_rhetoric" class="extiw" title="en:Contrastive rhetoric"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Contrastive rhetoric</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="訛誤 (語言學)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Error (linguistics)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A8%9B%E8%AA%A4_(%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%B8)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="訛誤 (語言學)（页面不存在）">訛誤 (語言學)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Error_(linguistics)" class="extiw" title="en:Error (linguistics)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Error (linguistics)</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="錯別字分析 (語言學)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Error analysis (linguistics)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%8C%AF%E5%88%A5%E5%AD%97%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90_(%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%B8)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="錯別字分析 (語言學)（页面不存在）">錯別字分析 (語言學)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Error_analysis_(linguistics)" class="extiw" title="en:Error analysis (linguistics)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Error analysis (linguistics)</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="錯別字處理 (語言學)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Error treatment (linguistics)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%8C%AF%E5%88%A5%E5%AD%97%E8%99%95%E7%90%86_(%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%B8)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="錯別字處理 (語言學)（页面不存在）">錯別字處理 (語言學)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Error_treatment_(linguistics)" class="extiw" title="en:Error treatment (linguistics)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Error treatment (linguistics)</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中介語石化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Interlanguage fossilization"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%BB%8B%E8%AA%9E%E7%9F%B3%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中介語石化（页面不存在）">中介語石化</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interlanguage_fossilization" class="extiw" title="en:Interlanguage fossilization"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Interlanguage fossilization</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%BB%8B%E8%AA%9E" title="中介語">中介語</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="沉默期" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Silent period"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%89%E9%BB%98%E6%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="沉默期（页面不存在）">沉默期</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silent_period" class="extiw" title="en:Silent period"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Silent period</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">語言因素</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E9%81%B7%E7%A7%BB" title="語言遷移">語言遷移</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="語言的普遍性" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Linguistic universal"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E7%9A%84%E6%99%AE%E9%81%8D%E6%80%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="語言的普遍性（页面不存在）">語言的普遍性</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistic_universal" class="extiw" title="en:Linguistic universal"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Linguistic universal</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="按頻率排列的詞彙表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Word lists by frequency"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8C%89%E9%A0%BB%E7%8E%87%E6%8E%92%E5%88%97%E7%9A%84%E8%A9%9E%E5%BD%99%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="按頻率排列的詞彙表（页面不存在）">按頻率排列的詞彙表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_lists_by_frequency" class="extiw" title="en:Word lists by frequency"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Word lists by frequency</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="習得個體差異" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Individual variation in second language acquisition"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BF%92%E5%BE%97%E5%80%8B%E9%AB%94%E5%B7%AE%E7%95%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="習得個體差異（页面不存在）">習得個體差異</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individual_variation_in_second_language_acquisition" class="extiw" title="en:Individual variation in second language acquisition"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Individual variation in second language acquisition</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="學習語言的能力" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Language-learning aptitude"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%B8%E7%BF%92%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E7%9A%84%E8%83%BD%E5%8A%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="學習語言的能力（页面不存在）">學習語言的能力</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language-learning_aptitude" class="extiw" title="en:Language-learning aptitude"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Language-learning aptitude</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%9C%E9%8D%B5%E6%9C%9F%E5%81%87%E8%AA%AA" title="關鍵期假說">關鍵期假說</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二語言學習的動機" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Motivation in second-language learning"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%B8%E7%BF%92%E7%9A%84%E5%8B%95%E6%A9%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="第二語言學習的動機（页面不存在）">第二語言學習的動機</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motivation_in_second-language_learning" class="extiw" title="en:Motivation in second-language learning"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Motivation in second-language learning</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="交流溝通的意願" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Willingness to communicate"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%A4%E6%B5%81%E6%BA%9D%E9%80%9A%E7%9A%84%E6%84%8F%E9%A1%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="交流溝通的意願（页面不存在）">交流溝通的意願</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willingness_to_communicate" class="extiw" title="en:Willingness to communicate"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Willingness to communicate</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="外語焦慮症" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Foreign language anxiety"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%96%E8%AA%9E%E7%84%A6%E6%85%AE%E7%97%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="外語焦慮症（页面不存在）">外語焦慮症</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_language_anxiety" class="extiw" title="en:Foreign language anxiety"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Foreign language anxiety</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="對金屬語言的認識" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Metalinguistic awareness"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8D%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E7%9A%84%E8%AA%8D%E8%AD%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="對金屬語言的認識（页面不存在）">對金屬語言的認識</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalinguistic_awareness" class="extiw" title="en:Metalinguistic awareness"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Metalinguistic awareness</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">策略</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="語言學習策略" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Language learning strategies"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%B8%E7%BF%92%E7%AD%96%E7%95%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="語言學習策略（页面不存在）">語言學習策略</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_learning_strategies" class="extiw" title="en:Language learning strategies"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Language learning strategies</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二語言習得中的交流策略" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Communication strategies in second language acquisition"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E7%BF%92%E5%BE%97%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E4%BA%A4%E6%B5%81%E7%AD%96%E7%95%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="第二語言習得中的交流策略（页面不存在）">第二語言習得中的交流策略</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication_strategies_in_second_language_acquisition" class="extiw" title="en:Communication strategies in second language acquisition"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Communication strategies in second language acquisition</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E7%A2%BC%E8%BD%89%E6%8F%9B" title="語碼轉換">語碼轉換</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="優秀的語言學習者研究" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Good language learner studies"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%84%AA%E7%A7%80%E7%9A%84%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%B8%E7%BF%92%E8%80%85%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="優秀的語言學習者研究（页面不存在）">優秀的語言學習者研究</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Good_language_learner_studies" class="extiw" title="en:Good language learner studies"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Good language learner studies</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二語言學習理論" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Theories of second-language acquisition"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%B8%E7%BF%92%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="第二語言學習理論（页面不存在）">理論</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theories_of_second-language_acquisition" class="extiw" title="en:Theories of second-language acquisition"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Theories of second-language acquisition</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="競爭模式" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Competition model"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%B6%E7%88%AD%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="競爭模式（页面不存在）">競爭模式</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Competition_model" class="extiw" title="en:Competition model"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Competition model</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="可理解的產出" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Comprehensible output"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%AF%E7%90%86%E8%A7%A3%E7%9A%84%E7%94%A2%E5%87%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="可理解的產出（页面不存在）">可理解的產出</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comprehensible_output" class="extiw" title="en:Comprehensible output"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Comprehensible output</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E7%BB%93%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="联结主义">联结主义</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="發展第二語言的動態方法" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Dynamic approach to second language development"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E7%9A%84%E5%8B%95%E6%85%8B%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="發展第二語言的動態方法（页面不存在）">發展第二語言的動態方法</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_approach_to_second_language_development" class="extiw" title="en:Dynamic approach to second language development"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Dynamic approach to second language development</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="生成式第二語言學習" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Generative second-language acquisition"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E6%88%90%E5%BC%8F%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%B8%E7%BF%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生成式第二語言學習（页面不存在）">生成式第二語言學習</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generative_second-language_acquisition" class="extiw" title="en:Generative second-language acquisition"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Generative second-language acquisition</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%93%E5%85%A5%E5%81%87%E8%AF%B4" title="输入假说">输入假说</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="互動假說" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Interaction hypothesis"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%92%E5%8B%95%E5%81%87%E8%AA%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="互動假說（页面不存在）">互動假說</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interaction_hypothesis" class="extiw" title="en:Interaction hypothesis"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Interaction hypothesis</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="接口假設" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Interface hypothesis"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3%E5%81%87%E8%A8%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="接口假設（页面不存在）">接口假設</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interface_hypothesis" class="extiw" title="en:Interface hypothesis"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Interface hypothesis</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="接口位置" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Interface position"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3%E4%BD%8D%E7%BD%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="接口位置（页面不存在）">接口位置</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interface_position" class="extiw" title="en:Interface position"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Interface position</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="注意到的假說" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Noticing hypothesis"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%A8%E6%84%8F%E5%88%B0%E7%9A%84%E5%81%87%E8%AA%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="注意到的假說（页面不存在）">注意到的假說</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noticing_hypothesis" class="extiw" title="en:Noticing hypothesis"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Noticing hypothesis</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="流程性理論" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Processability theory"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%81%E7%A8%8B%E6%80%A7%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="流程性理論（页面不存在）">流程性理論</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Processability_theory" class="extiw" title="en:Processability theory"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Processability theory</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="購置順序" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Order of acquisition"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B3%BC%E7%BD%AE%E9%A0%86%E5%BA%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="購置順序（页面不存在）">購置順序</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_acquisition" class="extiw" title="en:Order of acquisition"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Order of acquisition</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="基於技能的第二語言習得理論" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Skill-based theories of second-language acquisition"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%BC%E6%8A%80%E8%83%BD%E7%9A%84%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E7%BF%92%E5%BE%97%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="基於技能的第二語言習得理論（页面不存在）">基於技能的第二語言習得理論</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skill-based_theories_of_second-language_acquisition" class="extiw" title="en:Skill-based theories of second-language acquisition"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Skill-based theories of second-language acquisition</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="課堂研究" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Second language acquisition classroom research"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AA%B2%E5%A0%82%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="課堂研究（页面不存在）">課堂研究</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_language_acquisition_classroom_research" class="extiw" title="en:Second language acquisition classroom research"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Second language acquisition classroom research</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="注重形式" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Focus on form"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%A8%E9%87%8D%E5%BD%A2%E5%BC%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="注重形式（页面不存在）">注重形式</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Focus_on_form" class="extiw" title="en:Focus on form"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Focus on form</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="輸入增強" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Input enhancement"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BC%B8%E5%85%A5%E5%A2%9E%E5%BC%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="輸入增強（页面不存在）">輸入增強</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Input_enhancement" class="extiw" title="en:Input enhancement"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Input enhancement</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">能力測試</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="現代語言能力測試" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Modern Language Aptitude Test"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%BE%E4%BB%A3%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E8%83%BD%E5%8A%9B%E6%B8%AC%E8%A9%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="現代語言能力測試（页面不存在）">現代語言能力測試</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_Language_Aptitude_Test" class="extiw" title="en:Modern Language Aptitude Test"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Modern Language Aptitude Test</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="國防語言能力測驗" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Defense Language Aptitude Battery"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%8B%E9%98%B2%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E8%83%BD%E5%8A%9B%E6%B8%AC%E9%A9%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="國防語言能力測驗（页面不存在）">國防語言能力測驗</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defense_Language_Aptitude_Battery" class="extiw" title="en:Defense Language Aptitude Battery"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Defense Language Aptitude Battery</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="皮姆斯語言能力測驗" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pimsleur Language Aptitude Battery"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9A%AE%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E8%83%BD%E5%8A%9B%E6%B8%AC%E9%A9%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="皮姆斯語言能力測驗（页面不存在）">皮姆斯語言能力測驗</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pimsleur_Language_Aptitude_Battery" class="extiw" title="en:Pimsleur Language Aptitude Battery"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pimsleur Language Aptitude Battery</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="CANAL-F" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="CANAL-F"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=CANAL-F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CANAL-F（页面不存在）">CANAL-F</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CANAL-F" class="extiw" title="en:CANAL-F"><span lang="en" dir="auto">CANAL-F</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">著名研究人員</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Charles Alderson" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Charles Alderson"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Alderson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Alderson（页面不存在）">Charles Alderson</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Alderson" class="extiw" title="en:Charles Alderson"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Charles Alderson</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Alexander Arguelles" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Alexander Arguelles"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Arguelles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexander Arguelles（页面不存在）">Alexander Arguelles</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Arguelles" class="extiw" title="en:Alexander Arguelles"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Alexander Arguelles</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Ellen Bialystok" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ellen Bialystok"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ellen_Bialystok&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ellen Bialystok（页面不存在）">Ellen Bialystok</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellen_Bialystok" class="extiw" title="en:Ellen Bialystok"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ellen Bialystok</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="John Bissell Carroll" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="John Bissell Carroll"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Bissell_Carroll&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Bissell Carroll（页面不存在）">John Bissell Carroll</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Bissell_Carroll" class="extiw" title="en:John Bissell Carroll"><span lang="en" dir="auto">John Bissell Carroll</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Scott Crossley" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Scott Crossley"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scott_Crossley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scott Crossley（页面不存在）">Scott Crossley</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Crossley" class="extiw" title="en:Scott Crossley"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Scott Crossley</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Alister Cumming" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Alister Cumming"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alister_Cumming&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alister Cumming（页面不存在）">Alister Cumming</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alister_Cumming" class="extiw" title="en:Alister Cumming"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Alister Cumming</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Kees de Bot" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Kees de Bot"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kees_de_Bot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kees de Bot（页面不存在）">Kees de Bot</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kees_de_Bot" class="extiw" title="en:Kees de Bot"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Kees de Bot</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="H. Douglas Brown" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="H. Douglas Brown"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=H._Douglas_Brown&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="H. Douglas Brown（页面不存在）">H. Douglas Brown</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H._Douglas_Brown" class="extiw" title="en:H. Douglas Brown"><span lang="en" dir="auto">H. Douglas Brown</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Martin Bygate" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Martin Bygate"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Bygate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Martin Bygate（页面不存在）">Martin Bygate</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Bygate" class="extiw" title="en:Martin Bygate"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Martin Bygate</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E7%A7%91%E5%BE%B7" title="皮特·科德">皮特·科德</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Alister Cumming" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Alister Cumming"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alister_Cumming&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alister Cumming（页面不存在）">Alister Cumming</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alister_Cumming" class="extiw" title="en:Alister Cumming"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Alister Cumming</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Marijn van Dijk" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Marijn van Dijk"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marijn_van_Dijk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marijn van Dijk（页面不存在）">Marijn van Dijk</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marijn_van_Dijk" class="extiw" title="en:Marijn van Dijk"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Marijn van Dijk</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Nick Ellis" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Nick Ellis"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nick_Ellis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nick Ellis（页面不存在）">Nick Ellis</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Ellis" class="extiw" title="en:Nick Ellis"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Nick Ellis</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Rod Ellis" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Rod Ellis"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rod_Ellis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rod Ellis（页面不存在）">Rod Ellis</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rod_Ellis" class="extiw" title="en:Rod Ellis"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Rod Ellis</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Susan M. Ervin-Tripp" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Susan M. Ervin-Tripp"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Susan_M._Ervin-Tripp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Susan M. Ervin-Tripp（页面不存在）">Susan M. Ervin-Tripp</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_M._Ervin-Tripp" class="extiw" title="en:Susan M. Ervin-Tripp"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Susan M. Ervin-Tripp</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Susan Gass" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Susan Gass"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Susan_Gass&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Susan Gass（页面不存在）">Susan Gass</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_Gass" class="extiw" title="en:Susan Gass"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Susan Gass</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Paul van Geert" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Paul van Geert"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_van_Geert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul van Geert（页面不存在）">Paul van Geert</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_van_Geert" class="extiw" title="en:Paul van Geert"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Paul van Geert</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="David W. Green" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="David W. Green"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_W._Green&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David W. Green（页面不存在）">David W. Green</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_W._Green" class="extiw" title="en:David W. Green"><span lang="en" dir="auto">David W. Green</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="François Grosjean" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="François Grosjean"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Grosjean&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="François Grosjean（页面不存在）">François Grosjean</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Grosjean" class="extiw" title="en:François Grosjean"><span lang="en" dir="auto">François Grosjean</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Martin Guardado" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Martin Guardado"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Guardado&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Martin Guardado（页面不存在）">Martin Guardado</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Guardado" class="extiw" title="en:Martin Guardado"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Martin Guardado</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Luke Harding" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Luke Harding"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luke_Harding&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luke Harding（页面不存在）">Luke Harding</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luke_Harding" class="extiw" title="en:Luke Harding"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Luke Harding</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Scott Jarvis" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Scott Jarvis"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scott_Jarvis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scott Jarvis（页面不存在）">Scott Jarvis</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Jarvis" class="extiw" title="en:Scott Jarvis"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Scott Jarvis</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Keith Johnson (linguist)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Keith Johnson (linguist)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keith_Johnson_(linguist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Keith Johnson (linguist)（页面不存在）">Keith Johnson (linguist)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keith_Johnson_(linguist)" class="extiw" title="en:Keith Johnson (linguist)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Keith Johnson (linguist)</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Judit Kormos" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Judit Kormos"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judit_Kormos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Judit Kormos（页面不存在）">Judit Kormos</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judit_Kormos" class="extiw" title="en:Judit Kormos"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Judit Kormos</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E8%92%82%E8%8A%AC%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E7%94%B3" title="史蒂芬·克拉申">史蒂芬·克拉申</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Judith F. Kroll" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Judith F. Kroll"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judith_F._Kroll&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Judith F. Kroll（页面不存在）">Judith F. Kroll</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judith_F._Kroll" class="extiw" title="en:Judith F. Kroll"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Judith F. Kroll</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Diane Larsen-Freeman" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Diane Larsen-Freeman"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diane_Larsen-Freeman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diane Larsen-Freeman（页面不存在）">Diane Larsen-Freeman</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diane_Larsen-Freeman" class="extiw" title="en:Diane Larsen-Freeman"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Diane Larsen-Freeman</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Ping Li (psychologist)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ping Li (psychologist)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ping_Li_(psychologist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ping Li (psychologist)（页面不存在）">Ping Li (psychologist)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ping_Li_(psychologist)" class="extiw" title="en:Ping Li (psychologist)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ping Li (psychologist)</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Michael Long (academic)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Michael Long (academic)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Long_(academic)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Long (academic)（页面不存在）">Michael Long (academic)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Long_(academic)" class="extiw" title="en:Michael Long (academic)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Michael Long (academic)</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Wander Lowie" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Wander Lowie"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wander_Lowie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wander Lowie（页面不存在）">Wander Lowie</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wander_Lowie" class="extiw" title="en:Wander Lowie"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Wander Lowie</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Alison Mackey" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Alison Mackey"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alison_Mackey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alison Mackey（页面不存在）">Alison Mackey</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alison_Mackey" class="extiw" title="en:Alison Mackey"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Alison Mackey</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Brian MacWhinney" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Brian MacWhinney"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brian_MacWhinney&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brian MacWhinney（页面不存在）">Brian MacWhinney</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_MacWhinney" class="extiw" title="en:Brian MacWhinney"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Brian MacWhinney</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Rosa Manchón" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Rosa Manchón"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosa_Manch%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rosa Manchón（页面不存在）">Rosa Manchón</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Manch%C3%B3n" class="extiw" title="en:Rosa Manchón"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Rosa Manchón</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Viorica Marian" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Viorica Marian"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viorica_Marian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Viorica Marian（页面不存在）">Viorica Marian</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viorica_Marian" class="extiw" title="en:Viorica Marian"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Viorica Marian</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Paul Kei Matsuda" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Paul Kei Matsuda"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Kei_Matsuda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Kei Matsuda（页面不存在）">Paul Kei Matsuda</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Kei_Matsuda" class="extiw" title="en:Paul Kei Matsuda"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Paul Kei Matsuda</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Stephen Matthews (linguist)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Stephen Matthews (linguist)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Matthews_(linguist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stephen Matthews (linguist)（页面不存在）">Stephen Matthews (linguist)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Matthews_(linguist)" class="extiw" title="en:Stephen Matthews (linguist)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Stephen Matthews (linguist)</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Jurgen M. Meisel" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Jurgen M. Meisel"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurgen_M._Meisel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jurgen M. Meisel（页面不存在）">Jurgen M. Meisel</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurgen_M._Meisel" class="extiw" title="en:Jurgen M. Meisel"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Jurgen M. Meisel</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Carol Myers-Scotton" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Carol Myers-Scotton"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carol_Myers-Scotton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carol Myers-Scotton（页面不存在）">Carol Myers-Scotton</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carol_Myers-Scotton" class="extiw" title="en:Carol Myers-Scotton"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Carol Myers-Scotton</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Paul Nation" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Paul Nation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Nation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Nation（页面不存在）">Paul Nation</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Nation" class="extiw" title="en:Paul Nation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Paul Nation</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Lourdes Ortega" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Lourdes Ortega"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lourdes_Ortega&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lourdes Ortega（页面不存在）">Lourdes Ortega</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lourdes_Ortega" class="extiw" title="en:Lourdes Ortega"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Lourdes Ortega</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Teresa P. Pica" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Teresa P. Pica"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teresa_P._Pica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teresa P. Pica（页面不存在）">Teresa P. Pica</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teresa_P._Pica" class="extiw" title="en:Teresa P. Pica"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Teresa P. Pica</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Charlene Polio" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Charlene Polio"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charlene_Polio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charlene Polio（页面不存在）">Charlene Polio</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlene_Polio" class="extiw" title="en:Charlene Polio"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Charlene Polio</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E7%BD%97%C2%B7%E7%9A%AE%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%E5%8B%92" title="保罗·皮姆斯勒">保罗·皮姆斯勒</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Wilga Rivers" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Wilga Rivers"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilga_Rivers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilga Rivers（页面不存在）">Wilga Rivers</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilga_Rivers" class="extiw" title="en:Wilga Rivers"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Wilga Rivers</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Richard Schmidt (linguist)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Richard Schmidt (linguist)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Schmidt_(linguist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Schmidt (linguist)（页面不存在）">Richard Schmidt (linguist)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Schmidt_(linguist)" class="extiw" title="en:Richard Schmidt (linguist)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Richard Schmidt (linguist)</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Norbert Schmitt" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Norbert Schmitt"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norbert_Schmitt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Norbert Schmitt（页面不存在）">Norbert Schmitt</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norbert_Schmitt" class="extiw" title="en:Norbert Schmitt"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Norbert Schmitt</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Carmen Silva-Corvalan" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Carmen Silva-Corvalan"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carmen_Silva-Corvalan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carmen Silva-Corvalan（页面不存在）">Carmen Silva-Corvalan</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carmen_Silva-Corvalan" class="extiw" title="en:Carmen Silva-Corvalan"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Carmen Silva-Corvalan</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Dan Slobin" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Dan Slobin"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dan_Slobin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dan Slobin（页面不存在）">Dan Slobin</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_Slobin" class="extiw" title="en:Dan Slobin"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Dan Slobin</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Neomy Storch" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Neomy Storch"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neomy_Storch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neomy Storch（页面不存在）">Neomy Storch</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neomy_Storch" class="extiw" title="en:Neomy Storch"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Neomy Storch</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Merrill Swain" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Merrill Swain"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Merrill_Swain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Merrill Swain（页面不存在）">Merrill Swain</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merrill_Swain" class="extiw" title="en:Merrill Swain"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Merrill Swain</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Tracy D. Terrell" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Tracy D. Terrell"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tracy_D._Terrell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tracy D. Terrell（页面不存在）">Tracy D. Terrell</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tracy_D._Terrell" class="extiw" title="en:Tracy D. Terrell"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Tracy D. Terrell</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Michael T. Ullman" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Michael T. Ullman"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_T._Ullman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael T. Ullman（页面不存在）">Michael T. Ullman</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_T._Ullman" class="extiw" title="en:Michael T. Ullman"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Michael T. Ullman</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Jyotsna Vaid" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Jyotsna Vaid"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jyotsna_Vaid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jyotsna Vaid（页面不存在）">Jyotsna Vaid</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jyotsna_Vaid" class="extiw" title="en:Jyotsna Vaid"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Jyotsna Vaid</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Bill VanPatten" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bill VanPatten"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bill_VanPatten&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bill VanPatten（页面不存在）">Bill VanPatten</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_VanPatten" class="extiw" title="en:Bill VanPatten"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bill VanPatten</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Marjolijn Verspoor" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Marjolijn Verspoor"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marjolijn_Verspoor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marjolijn Verspoor（页面不存在）">Marjolijn Verspoor</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marjolijn_Verspoor" class="extiw" title="en:Marjolijn Verspoor"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Marjolijn Verspoor</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Lydia White" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Lydia White"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lydia_White&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lydia White（页面不存在）">Lydia White</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lydia_White" class="extiw" title="en:Lydia White"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Lydia White</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Alison Wray" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Alison Wray"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alison_Wray&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alison Wray（页面不存在）">Alison Wray</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alison_Wray" class="extiw" title="en:Alison Wray"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Alison Wray</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Virginia Yip" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Virginia Yip"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virginia_Yip&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Virginia Yip（页面不存在）">Virginia Yip</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_Yip" class="extiw" title="en:Virginia Yip"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Virginia Yip</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">協會</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="歐洲學術寫作教學協會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="European Association for the Teaching of Academic Writing"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E5%AD%B8%E8%A1%93%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E6%95%99%E5%AD%B8%E5%8D%94%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="歐洲學術寫作教學協會（页面不存在）">歐洲學術寫作教學協會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Association_for_the_Teaching_of_Academic_Writing" class="extiw" title="en:European Association for the Teaching of Academic Writing"><span lang="en" dir="auto">European Association for the Teaching of Academic Writing</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="歐洲第二語言學會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="European Second Language Association"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%B8%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="歐洲第二語言學會（页面不存在）">歐洲第二語言學會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Second_Language_Association" class="extiw" title="en:European Second Language Association"><span lang="en" dir="auto">European Second Language Association</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">計算工具</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="科赫矩陣" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Coh-Metrix"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%91%E8%B5%AB%E7%9F%A9%E9%99%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="科赫矩陣（页面不存在）">科赫矩陣</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coh-Metrix" class="extiw" title="en:Coh-Metrix"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Coh-Metrix</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="二級句法複雜度分析器" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="L2 Syntactic Complexity Analyzer"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%8C%E7%B4%9A%E5%8F%A5%E6%B3%95%E8%A4%87%E9%9B%9C%E5%BA%A6%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="二級句法複雜度分析器（页面不存在）">二級句法複雜度分析器</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L2_Syntactic_Complexity_Analyzer" class="extiw" title="en:L2 Syntactic Complexity Analyzer"><span lang="en" dir="auto">L2 Syntactic Complexity Analyzer</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">期刊</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="應用語言學 (期刊)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Applied Linguistics (journal)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%87%89%E7%94%A8%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%B8_(%E6%9C%9F%E5%88%8A)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="應用語言學 (期刊)（页面不存在）">應用語言學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applied_Linguistics_(journal)" class="extiw" title="en:Applied Linguistics (journal)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Applied Linguistics (journal)</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="雙語主義：語言和認知" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bilingualism: Language and Cognition"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%99%E8%AA%9E%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%EF%BC%9A%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%92%8C%E8%AA%8D%E7%9F%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="雙語主義：語言和認知（页面不存在）">雙語主義：語言和認知</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilingualism:_Language_and_Cognition" class="extiw" title="en:Bilingualism: Language and Cognition"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bilingualism: Language and Cognition</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="語言學習 (期刊)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Language Learning (journal)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%B8%E7%BF%92_(%E6%9C%9F%E5%88%8A)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="語言學習 (期刊)（页面不存在）">語言學習</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_Learning_(journal)" class="extiw" title="en:Language Learning (journal)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Language Learning (journal)</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="語言測試" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Language Testing"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E6%B8%AC%E8%A9%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="語言測試（页面不存在）">語言測試</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_Testing" class="extiw" title="en:Language Testing"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Language Testing</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二語言寫作雜誌" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Journal of Second Language Writing"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E9%9B%9C%E8%AA%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="第二語言寫作雜誌（页面不存在）">第二語言寫作雜誌</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal_of_Second_Language_Writing" class="extiw" title="en:Journal of Second Language Writing"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Journal of Second Language Writing</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="系統 (期刊)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="System (journal)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1_(%E6%9C%9F%E5%88%8A)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="系統 (期刊)（页面不存在）">系統</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_(journal)" class="extiw" title="en:System (journal)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">System (journal)</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="TESOL雜誌" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="TESOL Journal"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=TESOL%E9%9B%9C%E8%AA%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TESOL雜誌（页面不存在）">TESOL雜誌</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TESOL_Journal" class="extiw" title="en:TESOL Journal"><span lang="en" dir="auto">TESOL Journal</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="TESOL季刊" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="TESOL Quarterly"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=TESOL%E5%AD%A3%E5%88%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TESOL季刊（页面不存在）">TESOL季刊</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TESOL_Quarterly" class="extiw" title="en:TESOL Quarterly"><span lang="en" dir="auto">TESOL Quarterly</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="現代語言雜誌" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="The Modern Language Journal"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%BE%E4%BB%A3%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E9%9B%9C%E8%AA%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="現代語言雜誌（页面不存在）">現代語言雜誌</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Modern_Language_Journal" class="extiw" title="en:The Modern Language Journal"><span lang="en" dir="auto">The Modern Language Journal</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79005747">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30081#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30081#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="Help:规范控制">规范控制数据库</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30081#identifiers" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">国际</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1028907/">FAST</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">各地</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX525615">西班牙</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4038403-2">德国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007550963105171">以色列</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85088352">美国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000055996&P_CON_LNG=ENG">拉脱维亚</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00576834">日本</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="multilingvismus"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph123038&CON_LNG=ENG">捷克</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esu.com.ua/search_articles.php?id=38707">现代乌克兰百科全书</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=多语制&oldid=85807249">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=多语制&oldid=85807249</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="Special:页面分类">分类</a>：<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%A4%9A%E8%AA%9E" title="Category:多語">多語</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E7%BF%92%E5%BE%97" title="Category:語言習得">語言習得</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="Category:语言社会学">语言社会学</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%A6" title="Category:神经语言学">神经语言学</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">隐藏分类：<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:含有英語的條目">含有英語的條目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%B3%95%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:含有法語的條目">含有法語的條目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:含有克里語的條目">含有克里語的條目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%87%AA2025%E5%B9%B41%E6%9C%88%E9%9C%80%E8%A1%A5%E5%85%85%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90%E7%9A%84%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:自2025年1月需补充来源的条目">自2025年1月需补充来源的条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%8B%92%E7%BB%9D%E5%BD%93%E9%80%89%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5%E6%96%B0%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE%E6%8E%A8%E8%8D%90%E6%A0%8F%E7%9B%AE%E7%9A%84%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:拒绝当选首页新条目推荐栏目的条目">拒绝当选首页新条目推荐栏目的条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E5%B0%8F%E5%9E%8B%E8%A8%8A%E6%81%AF%E6%A1%86%E7%9A%84%E9%A0%81%E9%9D%A2" title="Category:使用小型訊息框的頁面">使用小型訊息框的頁面</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%AA%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90%E8%AF%AD%E5%8F%A5%E7%9A%84%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:有未列明来源语句的条目">有未列明来源语句的条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%89%A9%E5%85%85%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:扩充中的条目">扩充中的条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%89%80%E6%9C%89%E6%89%A9%E5%85%85%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:所有扩充中的条目">所有扩充中的条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E4%BA%86%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E4%B8%8A%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%B9%E9%85%8D%E9%A1%B9" title="Category:维基共享资源分类链接使用了维基数据上的匹配项">维基共享资源分类链接使用了维基数据上的匹配项</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABFAST%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含FAST标识符的维基百科条目">包含FAST标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABBNE%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含BNE标识符的维基百科条目">包含BNE标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABGND%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含GND标识符的维基百科条目">包含GND标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABJ9U%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含J9U标识符的维基百科条目">包含J9U标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABLCCN%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含LCCN标识符的维基百科条目">包含LCCN标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABLNB%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含LNB标识符的维基百科条目">包含LNB标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABNDL%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含NDL标识符的维基百科条目">包含NDL标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABNKC%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含NKC标识符的维基百科条目">包含NKC标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABEMU%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含EMU标识符的维基百科条目">包含EMU标识符的维基百科条目</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> 本页面最后修订于2025年1月24日 (星期五) 16:04。</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">本站的全部文字在<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:CC_BY-SA_4.0%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE%E6%96%87%E6%9C%AC" title="Wikipedia:CC BY-SA 4.0协议文本">知识共享署名-相同方式共享 4.0协议</a>之条款下提供，附加条款亦可能应用。（请参阅<a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">使用条款</a>）<br /> Wikipedia®和维基百科标志是<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/zh">维基媒体基金会</a>的注册商标；维基™是维基媒体基金会的商标。<br /> 维基媒体基金会是按美国国內稅收法501(c)(3)登记的<a class="external text" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tax_deductibility">非营利慈善机构</a>。<br /></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">隐私政策</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E">关于维基百科</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%8D%E8%B4%A3%E5%A3%B0%E6%98%8E">免责声明</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">行为准则</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">开发者</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/zh.wikipedia.org">统计</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie声明</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//zh.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B6&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">手机版视图</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>搜索</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="搜索维基百科"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:搜索"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">搜索</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">多语制</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>81种语言</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>添加话题</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-694c756cf9-s8c97","wgBackendResponseTime":181,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.085","walltime":"1.366","ppvisitednodes":{"value":5026,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":439248,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":4707,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":13,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":12,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":24536,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1058.274 1 -total"," 46.84% 495.730 1 Template:SLA_topics"," 46.52% 492.349 1 Template:Navbox"," 37.50% 396.840 114 Template:Link-en"," 13.92% 147.298 2 Template:Lang-en"," 7.82% 82.781 1 Template:Commonscat"," 7.56% 79.992 1 Template:Sister_project"," 7.36% 77.931 1 Template:Side_box"," 6.05% 64.034 1 Template:Authority_control"," 5.79% 61.310 1 Template:Reflist"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.636","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":15460522,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-75fbfdcd46-gssj4","timestamp":"20250225141622","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\u591a\u8bed\u5236","url":"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B6","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q30081","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q30081","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"\u7ef4\u57fa\u5a92\u4f53\u9879\u76ee\u8d21\u732e\u8005"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2006-06-27T18:45:55Z","dateModified":"2025-01-24T16:04:28Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/b\/be\/Alameda_Park_Zoo_welcome_sign.jpg","headline":"\u8bed\u8a00\u73b0\u8c61"}</script> </body> </html>