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<span>Geology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Volcanism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Volcanism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Volcanism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Volcanism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geological_subdivisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geological_subdivisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Geological subdivisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geological_subdivisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Classification_as_a_continent" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classification_as_a_continent"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Classification as a continent</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Classification_as_a_continent-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oldest_parent_rocks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oldest_parent_rocks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Oldest parent rocks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oldest_parent_rocks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tectonics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tectonics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Tectonics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tectonics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biogeography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biogeography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Biogeography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biogeography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Political divisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Zealandia</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 66 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-66" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">66 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seelandi%C3%AB" title="Seelandië – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Seelandië" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C4%ABws%C7%A3landworuldd%C7%A3l" title="Nīwsǣlandworulddǣl – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Nīwsǣlandworulddǣl" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="زيلانديا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="زيلانديا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zealandia" title="Zealandia – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Zealandia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zelandiya" title="Zelandiya – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Zelandiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="জিল্যান্ডিয়া – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জিল্যান্ডিয়া" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Зеландия (континент) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Зеландия (континент)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zel%C3%A0ndia" title="Zelàndia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Zelàndia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%A9landie" title="Zélandie – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Zélandie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zealandia" title="Zealandia – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zealandia" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zealandia" title="Zealandia – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Zealandia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%96%CE%B7%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%AF%CE%B1_(%CE%AE%CF%80%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82)" title="Ζηλανδία (ήπειρος) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ζηλανδία (ήπειρος)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zelandia_(continente)" title="Zelandia (continente) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Zelandia (continente)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zelandio" title="Zelandio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Zelandio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeelandia" title="Zeelandia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zeelandia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="زیلندیا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زیلندیا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zealandia" title="Zealandia – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Zealandia" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zelandia_(continente)" title="Zelandia (continente) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Zelandia (continente)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A7%88%EB%9E%9C%EB%94%94%EC%95%84" title="질랜디아 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="질랜디아" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B6%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%A1_(%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B5%D6%80%D6%81%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D6%84)" title="Զելանդիա (մայրցամաք) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Զելանդիա (մայրցամաք)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="जीलैंडिया – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जीलैंडिया" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zelandija" title="Zelandija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Zelandija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selandia_(benua)" title="Selandia (benua) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Selandia (benua)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zelandia" title="Zelandia – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Zelandia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sj%C3%A1land%C3%ADa" title="Sjálandía – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Sjálandía" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zealandia" title="Zealandia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Zealandia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%99%D7%94" title="זילנדיה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="זילנדיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%96%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%90_(%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98)" title="ზელანდია (კონტინენტი) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ზელანდია (კონტინენტი)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zealandia" title="Zealandia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Zealandia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zelandija_(%C5%BEemynas)" title="Zelandija (žemynas) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Zelandija (žemynas)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeelandia" title="Zeelandia – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Zeelandia" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%A9landia" title="Zélandia – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Zélandia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Зеландија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Зеландија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF" title="സീലാന്റിയ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സീലാന്റിയ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zealandia" title="Zealandia – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Zealandia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%87%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9C%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%92%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ဇီလန်းဒီးယား – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဇီလန်းဒီးယား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeelandi%C3%AB" title="Zeelandië – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Zeelandië" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="जिल्यानडिया – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="जिल्यानडिया" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%82%A2" title="ジーランディア – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジーランディア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zealandia" title="Zealandia – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Zealandia" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zealandia" title="Zealandia – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Zealandia" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86_(%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AA)" title="ਜ਼ੀਲੈਂਡੀਆ (ਮਹਾਂਦੀਪ) – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜ਼ੀਲੈਂਡੀਆ (ਮਹਾਂਦੀਪ)" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%88%DB%8C%D8%A7_(%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B8%D9%85)" title="زیلینڈیا (براعظم) – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="زیلینڈیا (براعظم)" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zelandia_(mikrokontynent)" title="Zelandia (mikrokontynent) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zelandia (mikrokontynent)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zel%C3%A2ndia_(continente)" title="Zelândia (continente) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Zelândia (continente)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zealandia" title="Zealandia – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Zealandia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Зеландия (континент) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Зеландия (континент)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zealandia" title="Zealandia – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Zealandia" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zelandija_(mikrocelina)" title="Zelandija (mikrocelina) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Zelandija (mikrocelina)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zelandyj%C5%8F_(mikrok%C5%8Dntynynt)" title="Zelandyjŏ (mikrokōntynynt) – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Zelandyjŏ (mikrokōntynynt)" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Зеландија (континент) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Зеландија (континент)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zelandija" title="Zelandija – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Zelandija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selandia_(buana)" title="Selandia (buana) – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Selandia (buana)" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zealandia" title="Zealandia – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Zealandia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeelandia" title="Zeelandia – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Zeelandia" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE" title="சீலாந்தியா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சீலாந்தியா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE" title="జీలాండియా – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="జీలాండియా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="ทวีปซีแลนเดีย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ทวีปซีแลนเดีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zelandiya" title="Zelandiya – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Zelandiya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%8F_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Зеландія (континент) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Зеландія (континент)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%88%DB%8C%D8%A7_(%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B8%D9%85)" title="زیلینڈیا (براعظم) – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="زیلینڈیا (براعظم)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zealandia" title="Zealandia – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Zealandia" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zealandia" title="Zealandia – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Zealandia" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%85%B0%E8%92%82%E4%BA%9A" title="西兰蒂亚 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="西兰蒂亚" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Zealandia&params=40_S_170_E_scale:20000000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">40°S</span> <span class="longitude">170°E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">40°S 170°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-40; 170</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Mostly submerged continental crust area in Oceania</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Zeelandia_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Zeelandia (disambiguation)">Zeelandia (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Zealandia_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Zealandia (disambiguation)">Zealandia (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zealandia_topography.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Zealandia_topography.jpg/300px-Zealandia_topography.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="349" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Zealandia_topography.jpg/450px-Zealandia_topography.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Zealandia_topography.jpg/600px-Zealandia_topography.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1391" data-file-height="1617" /></a><figcaption><b><a href="/wiki/Topography" title="Topography">Topography</a> of Zealandia</b>, outlined in pink. The linear <a href="/wiki/Ridge" title="Ridge">ridges</a> running north-northeast (<a href="/wiki/Lau-Colville_Ridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Lau-Colville Ridge">Colville</a> to the west and <a href="/wiki/Tonga-Kermadec_Ridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Tonga-Kermadec Ridge">Kermadec</a> to the east, separated by the <a href="/wiki/Tonga_Trench" title="Tonga Trench">Havre Trough</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lau_Basin" title="Lau Basin">Lau Basin</a>) and southwest (the Resolution Ridge System) away from New Zealand are not considered part of Zealandia, nor are <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> (left), <a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a> (top centre).<sup id="cite_ref-map_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-map-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Zealandia</b> (pronounced <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span>), also known as <span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi"><b>Te Riu-a-Māui</b></i></span> (<a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language" title="Māori language">Māori</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-GNS_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GNS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <b>Tasmantis</b> (from <a href="/wiki/Tasman_Sea" title="Tasman Sea">Tasman Sea</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is an almost entirely <a href="/wiki/Submerged_continent" title="Submerged continent">submerged mass</a> of <a href="/wiki/Continental_crust" title="Continental crust">continental crust</a> in <a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceania</a> that subsided after breaking away from <a href="/wiki/Gondwana" title="Gondwana">Gondwana</a> 83–79 million years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-Gurnis_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gurnis-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has been described variously as a <a href="/wiki/Submerged_continent" title="Submerged continent">submerged continent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Continental_fragment" title="Continental fragment">continental fragment</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Microcontinent" class="mw-redirect" title="Microcontinent">microcontinent</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-mortimer_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mortimer-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name and concept for Zealandia was proposed by <a href="/wiki/Bruce_P._Luyendyk" title="Bruce P. Luyendyk">Bruce Luyendyk</a> in 1995,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and satellite imagery shows it to be almost the size of Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC-Gorv_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-Gorv-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2021 study suggests Zealandia is over a billion years old, about twice as old as geologists previously thought.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By approximately 23 million years ago, the landmass may have been completely submerged.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today, most of the landmass (94%) remains submerged beneath the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-UNCLOS_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNCLOS-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> is the largest part of Zealandia that is above sea level, followed by <a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a>. </p><p>Mapping of Zealandia concluded in 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-pm_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pm-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With a total area of approximately 4,900,000 km<sup>2</sup> (1,900,000 sq mi),<sup id="cite_ref-mortimer_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mortimer-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zealandia is substantially larger than any features termed microcontinents and continental fragments. If classified as a microcontinent, Zealandia would be the world's largest microcontinent. Its area is six times the area of the next-largest microcontinent, <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-mortimer_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mortimer-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and more than half the area of the <a href="/wiki/Australia_(continent)" title="Australia (continent)">Australian continent</a>. Zealandia is more than twice the size of the largest intraoceanic <a href="/wiki/Large_igneous_province" title="Large igneous province">large igneous province</a> (LIP) in the world, the <a href="/wiki/Ontong_Java_Plateau" title="Ontong Java Plateau">Ontong Java Plateau</a> (approximately 1,900,000 km<sup>2</sup> or 730,000 sq mi), and the world's largest island, <a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a> (2,166,086 km<sup>2</sup> or 836,330 sq mi). Zealandia is also substantially larger than the <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula" title="Arabian Peninsula">Arabian Peninsula</a> (3,237,500 km<sup>2</sup> or 1,250,000 sq mi), the world's largest <a href="/wiki/Peninsula" title="Peninsula">peninsula</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a> (4,300,000 km<sup>2</sup> or 1,700,000 sq mi). Due to these and other geological considerations, such as crustal thickness and density,<sup id="cite_ref-MortimerCampbell2014_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MortimerCampbell2014-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> some geologists from New Zealand, New Caledonia, and Australia have concluded that Zealandia fulfills all the requirements to be considered a continent rather than a microcontinent or continental fragment.<sup id="cite_ref-mortimer_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mortimer-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Geologist <a href="/wiki/Nick_Mortimer" title="Nick Mortimer">Nick Mortimer</a> commented that if it were not for the ocean level, it would have been recognised as such long ago.<sup id="cite_ref-sum17_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sum17-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Zealandia supports substantial <a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_New_Zealand" title="Fishing industry in New Zealand">inshore fisheries</a> and contains gas fields, of which the largest known is the New Zealand <a href="/wiki/Maui_gas_field" title="Maui gas field">Maui gas field</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Taranaki" title="Taranaki">Taranaki</a>. Permits for oil exploration in the <a href="/wiki/Great_South_Basin" title="Great South Basin">Great South Basin</a> were issued in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Offshore mineral resources include <a href="/wiki/Ironsand" title="Ironsand">ironsands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Volcanogenic_massive_sulfide_ore_deposit" title="Volcanogenic massive sulfide ore deposit">volcanic massive sulfides</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ferromanganese_nodules" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferromanganese nodules">ferromanganese nodule</a> deposits.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zealandia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/GNS_Science" title="GNS Science">GNS Science</a> recognises two names for the landmass. In English, the most common name is <i>Zealandia</i>, a latinate name for New Zealand; the name was coined in the mid-1990s and became established through common use. In the <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language" title="Māori language">Māori language</a>, the landmass is named <span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">Te Riu-a-Māui</i></span>, meaning 'the hills, valleys, and plains of <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ui_(M%C4%81ori_mythology)" title="Māui (Māori mythology)">Māui</a>'.<sup id="cite_ref-GNS_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GNS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geology">Geology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zealandia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Zealandia" title="Geology of Zealandia">Geology of Zealandia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geology_of_New_Zealand" title="Geology of New Zealand">Geology of New Zealand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_New_Caledonia" title="Geography of New Caledonia">Geography of New Caledonia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Geology_of_New_Caledonia" title="Geology of New Caledonia">Geology of New Caledonia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zealandia,_topographic_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Zealandia%2C_topographic_map.jpg/300px-Zealandia%2C_topographic_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="340" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Zealandia%2C_topographic_map.jpg/450px-Zealandia%2C_topographic_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Zealandia%2C_topographic_map.jpg/600px-Zealandia%2C_topographic_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1700" /></a><figcaption>Topographic map of Zealandia</figcaption></figure> <p>The Zealandia continent is largely made up of two nearly parallel ridges, separated by a <a href="/wiki/Aulacogen" title="Aulacogen">failed</a> <a href="/wiki/Rift" title="Rift">rift</a>, where the rift breakup of the continent stops and becomes a filled <a href="/wiki/Graben" title="Graben">graben</a>. The ridges rise above the <a href="/wiki/Seabed" title="Seabed">sea floor</a> to heights of 1,000–1,500 m (3,300–4,900 ft), with a few rocky <a href="/wiki/Island" title="Island">islands</a> rising above <a href="/wiki/Sea_level" title="Sea level">sea level</a>. The ridges are continental rock, but are lower in elevation than normal continents because their crust is thinner than usual, approximately 20 km (12 mi) thick, and consequently, they do not float so high above Earth's <a href="/wiki/Mantle_(geology)" title="Mantle (geology)">mantle</a> as that of most landmasses.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>About 25 million years ago, the southern part of Zealandia (on the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Plate">Pacific Plate</a>) began to shift relative to the northern part (on the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Australian_Plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Australian Plate">Indo-Australian Plate</a>). The resulting displacement by approximately 500 km (310 mi) along the <a href="/wiki/Alpine_Fault" title="Alpine Fault">Alpine Fault</a> is evident in geological maps.<sup id="cite_ref-UNCLOS_map_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNCLOS_map-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Movement along this plate boundary also has offset the <a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a> Basin from its previous continuation through the <a href="/wiki/Bounty_Trough" title="Bounty Trough">Bounty Trough</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Compression across the boundary has uplifted the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Alps_(New_Zealand)" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Alps (New Zealand)">Southern Alps</a>, although due to rapid erosion their height reflects only a small fraction of the uplift. Farther north, subduction of the Pacific Plate has led to extensive volcanism, including the <a href="/wiki/Coromandel_Peninsula" title="Coromandel Peninsula">Coromandel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Taupo_Volcanic_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Taupo Volcanic Zone">Taupo Volcanic Zones</a>. Associated rifting and subsidence has produced the <a href="/wiki/Hauraki_Rift" title="Hauraki Rift">Hauraki Rift</a> and more recently, the <a href="/wiki/Whakatane_Graben" class="mw-redirect" title="Whakatane Graben">Whakatane Graben</a> and Wanganui Basin.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Volcanism"> Volcanism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geology_of_Zealandia&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: Volcanism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Volcanism" title="Volcanism">Volcanism</a> on Zealandia has taken place repeatedly in various parts of the <a href="/wiki/Continental_fragment" title="Continental fragment">continental fragment</a> before, during, and after it <a href="/wiki/Rift" title="Rift">rifted</a> away from the <a href="/wiki/Supercontinent" title="Supercontinent">supercontinent</a> <a href="/wiki/Gondwana" title="Gondwana">Gondwana</a>. Although Zealandia has shifted approximately 6,000 km (3,700 mi) to the northwest with respect to the underlying <a href="/wiki/Mantle_(geology)" title="Mantle (geology)">mantle</a> from the time when it rifted from <a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a>, recurring intracontinental volcanism exhibits magma composition similar to that of volcanoes in previously adjacent parts of Antarctica and Australia. Large volume magmatism occurred in two periods, being in the <a href="/wiki/Devonian" title="Devonian">Devonian</a> (370 to 368 million years ago) and the Early <a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">Cretaceous</a> (129 to 105 million years ago).<sup id="cite_ref-Ringwood2021_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ringwood2021-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This volcanism is widespread across Zealandia, but on present land generally it is of low volume apart from the huge mid to late <a href="/wiki/Miocene" title="Miocene">Miocene</a> <a href="/wiki/Shield_volcano" title="Shield volcano">shield volcanoes</a> that developed the <a href="/wiki/Banks_Peninsula" title="Banks Peninsula">Banks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Otago_Peninsula" title="Otago Peninsula">Otago Peninsulas</a>. In addition, it took place continually in numerous limited regions all through the <a href="/wiki/Late_Cretaceous" title="Late Cretaceous">Late Cretaceous</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Cenozoic" title="Cenozoic">Cenozoic</a>. Some of its causes remain in dispute perhaps because of data gaps.<sup id="cite_ref-Ringwood2021_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ringwood2021-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/Miocene" title="Miocene">Miocene</a>, the northern section of Zealandia (<a href="/wiki/Lord_Howe_Rise" title="Lord Howe Rise">Lord Howe Rise</a>) might have slid over a stationary <a href="/wiki/Hotspot_(geology)" title="Hotspot (geology)">hotspot</a>, forming the <a href="/wiki/Lord_Howe_Seamount_Chain" title="Lord Howe Seamount Chain">Lord Howe Seamount Chain</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hansma2020_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hansma2020-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It has been suggested that Zealandia may have played an important part in the origin of the Pacific Ocean's volcanic <a href="/wiki/Ring_of_Fire" title="Ring of Fire">Ring of Fire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Pappas2020_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pappas2020-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geological_subdivisions"> Geological subdivisions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geology_of_Zealandia&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Geological subdivisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Occasionally, Zealandia is divided into two regions by scientists: North Zealandia (or Western Province); and South Zealandia (or Eastern Province), the latter of which contains most of the Median <a href="/wiki/Batholith" title="Batholith">Batholith</a> crust. These two features are separated by the <a href="/wiki/Alpine_Fault" title="Alpine Fault">Alpine Fault</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kermadec_Trench" title="Kermadec Trench">Kermadec Trench</a> and by the wedge-shaped <a href="/wiki/Hikurangi_Plateau" title="Hikurangi Plateau">Hikurangi Plateau</a>, and they are moving separately from each other.<sup id="cite_ref-MortimerCampbell2014_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MortimerCampbell2014-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Classification_as_a_continent"> Classification as a continent</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geology_of_Zealandia&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: Classification as a continent"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The case for Zealandia being a continent in its own right has been argued in the Nick Mortimer and Hamish Campbell book <i>Zealandia: Our continent revealed</i> (2014),<sup id="cite_ref-MortimerCampbell2014_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MortimerCampbell2014-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in which the authors presented geological and ecological evidence in support of their thesis.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2017, a team of eleven geologists from New Zealand, New Caledonia, and Australia concluded that Zealandia fulfills all the requirements to be considered a <a href="/wiki/Submerged_continent" title="Submerged continent">submerged continent</a>, rather than a <a href="/wiki/Microcontinent" class="mw-redirect" title="Microcontinent">microcontinent</a> or <a href="/wiki/Continental_fragment" title="Continental fragment">continental fragment</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-mortimer_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mortimer-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This verdict was widely covered in the <a href="/wiki/News_media" title="News media">news media</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oldest_parent_rocks"> Oldest parent rocks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geology_of_Zealandia&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: Oldest parent rocks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The younger Zealandia rocks have evidence of origins from early <a href="/wiki/Gondwana" title="Gondwana">Gondwana</a> formations of 500 to 700 million years ago, <a href="/wiki/Rodinia" title="Rodinia">Rodinia</a> formations about a billion years ago and sources from an <a href="/wiki/Ur_(continent)" title="Ur (continent)">expanded-Ur continent</a> between 3.5 and 2 billion years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-Adams2022_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adams2022-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tectonics"> Tectonics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geology_of_Zealandia&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: Tectonics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The breakup of <a href="/wiki/Gondwana" title="Gondwana">Gondwana</a> formed Northern Zealandia.<sup id="cite_ref-Uruski2010_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Uruski2010-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zealandia underwent extension resulting from east to northeast-directed rollback of west to southwest-dipping subduction of the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Plate">Pacific Plate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Song2022_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Song2022-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which terminated between 95 million<sup id="cite_ref-Song2022_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Song2022-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to 85 million years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-Stratford2022_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stratford2022-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After 85 million years ago Zealandia separated from Australia through seafloor spreading of the <a href="/wiki/Coral_Sea" title="Coral Sea">Coral</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tasman_Sea" title="Tasman Sea">Tasman</a> seas until this ceased 52 million years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-Stratford2022_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stratford2022-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shortening on an active convergent northern margin of Zealandia occurred mainly between 45 and 35 million years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-Stratford2022_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stratford2022-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was followed by the opening of the backarc basins of the southwest Pacific and the migration of the <a href="/wiki/Tonga_Trench" title="Tonga Trench">Tonga</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kermadec_Trench" title="Kermadec Trench">Kermadec Trenchs</a> to the east.<sup id="cite_ref-Stratford2022_31-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stratford2022-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shear extrusion followed between 23.3 million to 5 million years ago with the New Zealand <a href="/wiki/Alpine_Fault" title="Alpine Fault">Alpine Fault</a> rupture and a southwestward extension of the <a href="/wiki/Campbell_Plateau" title="Campbell Plateau">Campbell Plateau</a> relative to the <a href="/wiki/Challenger_Plateau" title="Challenger Plateau">Challenger Plateau</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Song2022_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Song2022-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Southeast Indian Ocean Ridge expansion movement completely separated Zealandia from the Antarctic at about 10 million years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-Song2022_30-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Song2022-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the last 5 million years Zealandia has been generally subsiding owing to the Pacific Plate subducting westward and retreating eastward.<sup id="cite_ref-Song2022_30-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Song2022-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biogeography">Biogeography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zealandia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Biogeography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>New Caledonia is at the northern end of the ancient continent, while New Zealand rises at the plate boundary that bisects it. These land masses constitute two outposts of the <a href="/wiki/Antarctic_flora" title="Antarctic flora">Antarctic flora</a>, featuring <a href="/wiki/Araucaria" title="Araucaria">araucarias</a> and <a href="/wiki/Podocarp" class="mw-redirect" title="Podocarp">podocarps</a>. At <a href="/wiki/Curio_Bay" title="Curio Bay">Curio Bay</a>, logs of a <a href="/wiki/Fossil" title="Fossil">fossilized</a> <a href="/wiki/Forest" title="Forest">forest</a> closely related to modern <a href="/wiki/Kauri" class="mw-redirect" title="Kauri">kauri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Norfolk_pine" class="mw-redirect" title="Norfolk pine">Norfolk pine</a> can be seen that grew on Zealandia approximately 180 million years ago during the <a href="/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">Jurassic</a> period, before it split from Gondwana.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The trees growing in these forests were buried by volcanic mud flows and gradually replaced by <a href="/wiki/Silica" class="mw-redirect" title="Silica">silica</a> to produce the fossils now exposed by the sea. </p><p>As sea levels drop during glacial periods, more of Zealandia becomes a <a href="/wiki/Ecoregion#Terrestrial" title="Ecoregion">terrestrial</a> environment rather than a marine environment. Originally, it was thought that Zealandia had no native land <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">mammal</a> fauna, but <a href="/wiki/Saint_Bathans_mammal" title="Saint Bathans mammal">the discovery in 2006 of a fossil mammal jaw</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Miocene" title="Miocene">Miocene</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Otago" title="Otago">Otago</a> region demonstrates otherwise.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_divisions">Political divisions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zealandia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Political divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Zealandia" title="Special:EditPage/Zealandia">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zealandia_EEZs.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Zealandia_EEZs.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Zealandia_EEZs.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Zealandia_EEZs.tif/lossy-page1-330px-Zealandia_EEZs.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Zealandia_EEZs.tif/lossy-page1-440px-Zealandia_EEZs.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2060" data-file-height="2740" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone" title="Exclusive economic zone">Exclusive economic zone</a> of New Zealand and continental shelf boundaries for much of Zealandia</figcaption></figure> <p>The total land area (including <a href="/wiki/Internal_waters" title="Internal waters">inland water bodies</a>) of Zealandia is 286,660.25 km<sup>2</sup> (110,680.14 sq mi). Of this, <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> comprises the overwhelming majority, at 267,988 km<sup>2</sup> (103,471 sq mi, or 93.49%) that includes the mainland (<a href="/wiki/North_Island" title="North Island">North Island</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Island" title="South Island">South Island</a>), nearby islands, and most <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_outlying_islands" title="New Zealand outlying islands">outlying islands</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Chatham_Islands" title="Chatham Islands">Chatham Islands</a>, the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Subantarctic_Islands" title="New Zealand Subantarctic Islands">New Zealand Subantarctic Islands</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Solander_Islands" title="Solander Islands">Solander Islands</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Three_Kings_Islands_/_Manawat%C4%81whi" class="mw-redirect" title="Three Kings Islands / Manawatāwhi">Three Kings Islands</a> (but not the <a href="/wiki/Kermadec_Islands" title="Kermadec Islands">Kermadec Islands</a> or <a href="/wiki/Macquarie_Island" title="Macquarie Island">Macquarie Island</a> (<a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>), which are parts of the rift).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a> and the islands surrounding it comprise some 18,576 km<sup>2</sup> (7,172 sq mi or 6.48%) and the remainder is made up of various <a href="/wiki/States_and_territories_of_Australia" title="States and territories of Australia">territories</a> of <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> including the <a href="/wiki/Lord_Howe_Island" title="Lord Howe Island">Lord Howe Island Group</a> (<a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a>) at 56 km<sup>2</sup> (22 sq mi or 0.02%), <a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Island" title="Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a> at 35 km<sup>2</sup> (14 sq mi or 0.01%), as well as the <a href="/wiki/Cato_Reef" title="Cato Reef">Cato</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Reef" title="Elizabeth Reef">Elizabeth</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Middleton_Reef" title="Middleton Reef">Middleton</a> reefs (<a href="/wiki/Coral_Sea_Islands" title="Coral Sea Islands">Coral Sea Islands Territory</a>) with 5.25 km<sup>2</sup> (2.03 sq mi).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Population">Population</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zealandia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of 2024,<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zealandia&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> the total human population of Zealandia is approximately 5.4 million people. The largest city is <a href="/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland">Auckland</a> with about 1.7 million people; roughly one-third of the total population of the continent. </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> – 5,112,300<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_FLNKS.svg/23px-Flag_of_FLNKS.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_FLNKS.svg/35px-Flag_of_FLNKS.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_FLNKS.svg/46px-Flag_of_FLNKS.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a> (<a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>) – 268,767<sup id="cite_ref-censuspop_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-censuspop-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Norfolk_Island.svg/23px-Flag_of_Norfolk_Island.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Norfolk_Island.svg/35px-Flag_of_Norfolk_Island.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Norfolk_Island.svg/46px-Flag_of_Norfolk_Island.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="920" data-file-height="460" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Island" title="Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a> (<a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>) – 1,748<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Lord_Howe_Island.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lord_Howe_Island.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Lord_Howe_Island.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lord_Howe_Island.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Lord_Howe_Island.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lord_Howe_Island.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Lord_Howe_Island" title="Lord Howe Island">Lord Howe Island</a> (<a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>) – 382<sup id="cite_ref-Census2016_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census2016-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Coral_Sea_Islands" title="Coral Sea Islands"><img alt="Coral Sea Islands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Cato_Reef" title="Cato Reef">Cato Reef</a> (<a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>) – 0</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Coral_Sea_Islands" title="Coral Sea Islands"><img alt="Coral Sea Islands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Reef" title="Elizabeth Reef">Elizabeth Reef</a> (<a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>) – 0</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Coral_Sea_Islands" title="Coral Sea Islands"><img alt="Coral Sea Islands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Middleton_Reef" title="Middleton Reef">Middleton Reef</a> (<a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>) – 0</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zealandia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Zealandia_(continent)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Zealandia (continent)">Zealandia (continent)</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia_(continent)" title="Australia (continent)">Australia (continent)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone_of_New_Zealand" title="Exclusive economic zone of New Zealand">Exclusive economic zone of New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Subantarctic_Islands" title="New Zealand Subantarctic Islands">New Zealand Subantarctic Islands</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zealandia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-map-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-map_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050118085745/http://www.mfe.govt.nz/publications/ser/ser1997/html/figures/figure8.1.html">"Figure 8.1: New Zealand in relation to the Indo-Australian and Pacific Plates"</a>. <i>The State of New Zealand's Environment 1997</i>. 1997. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfe.govt.nz/publications/ser/ser1997/html/figures/figure8.1.html">the original</a> on 18 January 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+State+of+New+Zealand%27s+Environment+1997&rft.atitle=Figure+8.1%3A+New+Zealand+in+relation+to+the+Indo-Australian+and+Pacific+Plates&rft.date=1997&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mfe.govt.nz%2Fpublications%2Fser%2Fser1997%2Fhtml%2Ffigures%2Ffigure8.1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZealandia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GNS-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GNS_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GNS_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gns.cri.nz/Home/News-and-Events/What-s-new/The-origin-and-meaning-of-the-name-Te-Riu-a-Maui-Zealandia">"The origin and meaning of the name Te Riu-a-Māui/Zealandia"</a>. <i>www.gns.cri.nz</i>. <a href="/wiki/GNS_Science" title="GNS Science">GNS Science</a>. 2 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.gns.cri.nz&rft.atitle=The+origin+and+meaning+of+the+name+Te+Riu-a-M%C4%81ui%2FZealandia&rft.date=2019-05-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gns.cri.nz%2FHome%2FNews-and-Events%2FWhat-s-new%2FThe-origin-and-meaning-of-the-name-Te-Riu-a-Maui-Zealandia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZealandia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlannery2002" class="citation book cs1">Flannery, Tim (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eIW5aktgo0IC&pg=PA42"><i>The Future Eaters: An Ecological History of the Australasian Lands and People</i></a>. Grove Press. p. 42. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8021-3943-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8021-3943-6"><bdi>978-0-8021-3943-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Future+Eaters%3A+An+Ecological+History+of+the+Australasian+Lands+and+People&rft.pages=42&rft.pub=Grove+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-8021-3943-6&rft.aulast=Flannery&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeIW5aktgo0IC%26pg%3DPA42&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZealandia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDanver2010" class="citation book cs1">Danver, Steven L. (22 December 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=slVobUjdzGMC&q=%22Zealandia%22+%22Tasmantis%22&pg=PA187"><i>Popular Controversies in World History: Investigating History's Intriguing Questions</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. p. 187. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59884-078-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59884-078-0"><bdi>978-1-59884-078-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160805230513/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=slVobUjdzGMC&pg=PA187&lpg=PA187&dq=%22Zealandia%22+%22Tasmantis%22&source=bl&ots=FHEvzkPyk9&sig=QdDerZW6Atj9I3Z7GZq0vSrwTGc&hl=zh-TW&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwif1qGc5szNAhWCKZQKHQCADa8Q6AEIVjAI#v=onepage&q=%22Zealandia%22%20%22Tasmantis%22&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 5 August 2016. <q>Zealandia or Tasmantis, with its 3.5 million square km territory being larger than Greenland, ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Popular+Controversies+in+World+History%3A+Investigating+History%27s+Intriguing+Questions&rft.pages=187&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2010-12-22&rft.isbn=978-1-59884-078-0&rft.aulast=Danver&rft.aufirst=Steven+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DslVobUjdzGMC%26q%3D%2522Zealandia%2522%2B%2522Tasmantis%2522%26pg%3DPA187&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZealandia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gurnis-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gurnis_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gurnis, M., Hall, C.E., and Lavier, L.L., 2004, Evolving force balance during incipient subduction: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 5, Q07001, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.01029/02003GC000681">https://doi.org/10.01029/02003GC000681</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mortimer-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mortimer_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mortimer_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mortimer_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mortimer_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mortimer_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMortimerCampbell2017" class="citation journal cs1">Mortimer, Nick; Campbell, Hamish J. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.geosociety.org/gsatoday/archive/27/3/article/GSATG321A.1.htm">"Zealandia: Earth's Hidden Continent"</a>. <i>GSA Today</i>. <b>27</b>: 27–35. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1130%2FGSATG321A.1">10.1130/GSATG321A.1</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170217064642/https://www.geosociety.org/gsatoday/archive/27/3/article/GSATG321A.1.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 17 February 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=GSA+Today&rft.atitle=Zealandia%3A+Earth%27s+Hidden+Continent&rft.volume=27&rft.pages=27-35&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1130%2FGSATG321A.1&rft.aulast=Mortimer&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft.au=Campbell%2C+Hamish+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.geosociety.org%2Fgsatoday%2Farchive%2F27%2F3%2Farticle%2FGSATG321A.1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZealandia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLuyendyk1995" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bruce_P._Luyendyk" title="Bruce P. Luyendyk">Luyendyk, Bruce P.</a> (April 1995). "Hypothesis for Cretaceous rifting of east Gondwana caused by subducted slab capture". <i>Geology</i>. <b>23</b> (4): 373–376. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1995Geo....23..373L">1995Geo....23..373L</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1130%2F0091-7613%281995%29023%3C0373%3AHFCROE%3E2.3.CO%3B2">10.1130/0091-7613(1995)023<0373:HFCROE>2.3.CO;2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geology&rft.atitle=Hypothesis+for+Cretaceous+rifting+of+east+Gondwana+caused+by+subducted+slab+capture&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=373-376&rft.date=1995-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1130%2F0091-7613%281995%29023%3C0373%3AHFCROE%3E2.3.CO%3B2&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1995Geo....23..373L&rft.aulast=Luyendyk&rft.aufirst=Bruce+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZealandia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC-Gorv-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BBC-Gorv_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGorvett2021" class="citation web cs1">Gorvett, Zaria (8 February 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20210205-the-last-secrets-of-the-worlds-lost-continent">"The missing continent it took 375 years to find"</a>. BBC<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+missing+continent+it+took+375+years+to+find&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2021-02-08&rft.aulast=Gorvett&rft.aufirst=Zaria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Ffuture%2Farticle%2F20210205-the-last-secrets-of-the-worlds-lost-continent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZealandia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTurnbullSchwartzFiorentiniJongens2021" class="citation journal cs1">Turnbull, R.E.; Schwartz, J.J.; Fiorentini, M.L.; Jongens, R.; Evans, N.J.; Ludwig, T.; McDonald, B.J.; Klepeis, K.A. (1 August 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1130%2FG48711.1">"A hidden Rodinian lithospheric keel beneath Zealandia, Earth's newly recognized continent"</a>. <i>Geology</i>. <b>49</b> (8): 1009–1014. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021Geo....49.1009T">2021Geo....49.1009T</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1130%2FG48711.1">10.1130/G48711.1</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0091-7613">0091-7613</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geology&rft.atitle=A+hidden+Rodinian+lithospheric+keel+beneath+Zealandia%2C+Earth%27s+newly+recognized+continent&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=1009-1014&rft.date=2021-08-01&rft.issn=0091-7613&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1130%2FG48711.1&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2021Geo....49.1009T&rft.aulast=Turnbull&rft.aufirst=R.E.&rft.au=Schwartz%2C+J.J.&rft.au=Fiorentini%2C+M.L.&rft.au=Jongens%2C+R.&rft.au=Evans%2C+N.J.&rft.au=Ludwig%2C+T.&rft.au=McDonald%2C+B.J.&rft.au=Klepeis%2C+K.A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1130%252FG48711.1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZealandia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAylin_Woodward2021" class="citation web cs1">Aylin Woodward (14 August 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/hidden-continent-zealandia-under-new-zealand-age-map-2021-7">"A fragment of a mysterious 8th continent is hiding under New Zealand - and it's twice as old as scientists thought"</a>. <i>Business Insider</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=A+fragment+of+a+mysterious+8th+continent+is+hiding+under+New+Zealand+-+and+it%27s+twice+as+old+as+scientists+thought&rft.date=2021-08-14&rft.au=Aylin+Woodward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fhidden-continent-zealandia-under-new-zealand-age-map-2021-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZealandia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stuff.co.nz/national/31306/Searching-for-the-lost-continent-of-Zealandia">"Searching for the lost continent of Zealandia"</a>. <i>The <a href="/wiki/The_Dominion_Post_(Wellington)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Dominion Post (Wellington)">Dominion Post</a></i>. 29 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2007</span>. <q>We cannot categorically say that there has always been land here. The geological evidence at present is too weak, so we are logically forced to consider the possibility that the whole of Zealandia may have sunk.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Dominion+Post&rft.atitle=Searching+for+the+lost+continent+of+Zealandia&rft.date=2007-09-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fnational%2F31306%2FSearching-for-the-lost-continent-of-Zealandia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZealandia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampbellGerard_Hutching2007" class="citation book cs1">Campbell, Hamish; Gerard Hutching (2007). <i>In Search of Ancient New Zealand</i>. North Shore, New Zealand: <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Books" title="Penguin Books">Penguin Books</a>. pp. 166–167. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-302088-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-302088-2"><bdi>978-0-14-302088-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+Search+of+Ancient+New+Zealand&rft.place=North+Shore%2C+New+Zealand&rft.pages=166-167&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-14-302088-2&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=Hamish&rft.au=Gerard+Hutching&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZealandia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UNCLOS-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UNCLOS_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoodStagpooleWrightDavy2003" class="citation book cs1">Wood, Ray; Stagpoole, Vaughan; Wright, Ian; Davy, Bryan; Barnes, Phil (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070221051420/http://www.gns.cri.nz/research/marine/images/unclosbook_print.pdf"><i>New Zealand's Continental Shelf and UNCLOS Article 76</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences Limited. Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences series 56. Wellington, New Zealand: National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research. p. 16. NIWA technical report 123. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gns.cri.nz/research/marine/images/unclosbook_print.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 21 February 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2007</span>. <q>The continuous rifted basement structure, thickness of the crust, and lack of seafloor spreading anomalies are evidence of prolongation of the New Zealand land mass to Gilbert Seamount.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Zealand%27s+Continental+Shelf+and+UNCLOS+Article+76&rft.place=Wellington%2C+New+Zealand&rft.series=Institute+of+Geological+and+Nuclear+Sciences+series+56&rft.pages=16&rft.pub=National+Institute+of+Water+and+Atmospheric+Research&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Wood&rft.aufirst=Ray&rft.au=Stagpoole%2C+Vaughan&rft.au=Wright%2C+Ian&rft.au=Davy%2C+Bryan&rft.au=Barnes%2C+Phil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gns.cri.nz%2Fresearch%2Fmarine%2Fimages%2Funclosbook_print.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZealandia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pm-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pm_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNewcomb" class="citation magazine cs1">Newcomb, Tim. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/environment/a45226285/eighth-continent-zealandia-mapped/">"Earth's Hidden Eighth Continent Is No Longer Lost"</a>. Science > Our Planet. <i><a href="/wiki/Popular_Mechanics" title="Popular Mechanics">Popular Mechanics</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0032-4558">0032-4558</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Popular+Mechanics&rft.atitle=Earth%27s+Hidden+Eighth+Continent+Is+No+Longer+Lost&rft.issn=0032-4558&rft.aulast=Newcomb&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.popularmechanics.com%2Fscience%2Fenvironment%2Fa45226285%2Feighth-continent-zealandia-mapped%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZealandia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MortimerCampbell2014-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MortimerCampbell2014_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MortimerCampbell2014_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MortimerCampbell2014_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMortimerCampbell2014" class="citation book cs1">Mortimer, Nick; Campbell, Hamish (2014). <i>Zealandia: Our continent revealed</i>. North Shore, New Zealand: Penguin Books. pp. 72 ff. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-357156-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-357156-8"><bdi>978-0-14-357156-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Zealandia%3A+Our+continent+revealed&rft.place=North+Shore%2C+New+Zealand&rft.pages=72+ff&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-14-357156-8&rft.aulast=Mortimer&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft.au=Campbell%2C+Hamish&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZealandia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-39000936">"Zealandia: Is there an eighth continent under New Zealand?"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 17 February 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170328203049/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-39000936">Archived</a> from the original on 28 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Zealandia%3A+Is+there+an+eighth+continent+under+New+Zealand%3F&rft.date=2017-02-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-39000936&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZealandia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sum17-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sum17_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSumner2017" class="citation web cs1">Sumner, Thomas (13 March 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencenewsforstudents.org/article/zealandia-continent">"Is Zealandia a continent?"</a>. <i>Science News for Students</i>. Society for Science and the Public<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Science+News+for+Students&rft.atitle=Is+Zealandia+a+continent%3F&rft.date=2017-03-13&rft.aulast=Sumner&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencenewsforstudents.org%2Farticle%2Fzealandia-continent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZealandia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crownminerals.govt.nz/cms/about/media-centre/great-south-basin-media-pack-1/great-south-basin-questions-and-answers">"Great South Basin – Questions and Answers"</a>. 11 July 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081014080132/http://www.crownminerals.govt.nz/cms/about/media-centre/great-south-basin-media-pack-1/great-south-basin-questions-and-answers">Archived</a> from the original on 14 October 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Great+South+Basin+%E2%80%93+Questions+and+Answers&rft.date=2007-07-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.crownminerals.govt.nz%2Fcms%2Fabout%2Fmedia-centre%2Fgreat-south-basin-media-pack-1%2Fgreat-south-basin-questions-and-answers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZealandia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crownminerals.govt.nz/cms/news/2006/new-survey-published-on-nz-mineral-deposits">"New survey published on NZ mineral deposits"</a>. 30 May 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081016202631/http://www.crownminerals.govt.nz/cms/news/2006/new-survey-published-on-nz-mineral-deposits">Archived</a> from the original on 16 October 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+survey+published+on+NZ+mineral+deposits&rft.date=2007-05-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.crownminerals.govt.nz%2Fcms%2Fnews%2F2006%2Fnew-survey-published-on-nz-mineral-deposits&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZealandia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UNCLOS_map-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UNCLOS_map_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927142136/http://www.unclosnz.org.nz/acretion_map.html">"Figure 4. Basement rocks of New Zealand"</a>. <i>UNCLOS Article 76: The Land mass, continental shelf, and deep ocean floor: Accretion and suturing</i>. 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North Shore, New Zealand: Penguin Books. pp. 183–184. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-302088-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-302088-2"><bdi>978-0-14-302088-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+Search+of+Ancient+New+Zealand&rft.place=North+Shore%2C+New+Zealand&rft.pages=183-184&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-14-302088-2&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=Hamish&rft.au=Gerard+Hutching&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZealandia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.virtualoceania.net/newzealand/maps/zealandia.shtml#:~:text=Zealandia,%20The%20Hidden%20Continent&text=This%20opens%20in%20a%20new,sq%20mi%20or%2093%25).">"The Lost Continent of Zealandia"</a>. <i>www.virtualoceania.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.virtualoceania.net&rft.atitle=The+Lost+Continent+of+Zealandia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.virtualoceania.net%2Fnewzealand%2Fmaps%2Fzealandia.shtml%23%3A~%3Atext%3DZealandia%2C%2520The%2520Hidden%2520Continent%26text%3DThis%2520opens%2520in%2520a%2520new%2Csq%2520mi%2520or%252093%2525%29.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZealandia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.gns.cri.nz/tez/index.html?map=TRAMZ-Bathymetric">Detailed map of Zealandia</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stats.govt.nz/topics/population">"Population | Stats NZ"</a>. <i>www.stats.govt.nz</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.stats.govt.nz&rft.atitle=Population+%7C+Stats+NZ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.govt.nz%2Ftopics%2Fpopulation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZealandia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-censuspop-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-censuspop_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isee.nc/population/recensement/structure-de-la-population-et-evolutions">"268 767 habitants en 2014"</a>. ISEE. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141113142325/http://www.isee.nc/population/recensement/structure-de-la-population-et-evolutions">Archived</a> from the original on 13 November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=268+767+habitants+en+2014.&rft.pub=ISEE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.isee.nc%2Fpopulation%2Frecensement%2Fstructure-de-la-population-et-evolutions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZealandia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190507211725/https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/SSC90004?opendocument">"2016 Census QuickStats: Norfolk Island"</a>. <i>quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/SSC90004?opendocument">the original</a> on 7 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au&rft.atitle=2016+Census+QuickStats%3A+Norfolk+Island&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au%2Fcensus_services%2Fgetproduct%2Fcensus%2F2016%2Fquickstat%2FSSC90004%3Fopendocument&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZealandia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Census2016-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Census2016_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAustralian_Bureau_of_Statistics2017" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Bureau_of_Statistics" title="Australian Bureau of Statistics">Australian Bureau of Statistics</a> (27 June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/quickstats/2016/SSC12387">"Lord Howe Island (State Suburb)"</a>. <i>2016 Census QuickStats</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=2016+Census+QuickStats&rft.atitle=Lord+Howe+Island+%28State+Suburb%29&rft.date=2017-06-27&rft.au=Australian+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abs.gov.au%2Fcensus%2Ffind-census-data%2Fquickstats%2F2016%2FSSC12387&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZealandia" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150408#P4093" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GSA+Today&rft.atitle=Zealandia%3A+Earth%27s+Hidden+Continent&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.geosociety.org%2Fgsatoday%2Farchive%2F27%2F3%2Farticle%2FGSATG321A.1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZealandia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.gns.cri.nz/tez/index.html?content=/mapservice/Content/Zealandia/Home.html">"E Tūhura - Explore Zealandia A portal for geoscience webmaps and information on the Te Riu-a-Māui / Zealandia region"</a>. <i>GNS NZ</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GNS+NZ&rft.atitle=E+T%C5%ABhura+-+Explore+Zealandia+A+portal+for+geoscience+webmaps+and+information+on+the+Te+Riu-a-M%C4%81ui+%2F+Zealandia+region&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.gns.cri.nz%2Ftez%2Findex.html%3Fcontent%3D%2Fmapservice%2FContent%2FZealandia%2FHome.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZealandia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.teara.govt.nz/EarthSeaAndSky/OceanStudyAndConservation/SeaFloorGeology/1/en">"Zealandia: the New Zealand (drowned) Continent"</a>. <i>Te Ara</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Te+Ara&rft.atitle=Zealandia%3A+the+New+Zealand+%28drowned%29+Continent&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.teara.govt.nz%2FEarthSeaAndSky%2FOceanStudyAndConservation%2FSeaFloorGeology%2F1%2Fen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZealandia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/zealandia/">Zealandia</a> (National Geographic Encyclopedia)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.snexplores.org/article/zealandia-continent">Is Zealandia a continent?</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20210205-the-last-secrets-of-the-worlds-lost-continent">The missing continent that took 375 years to find</a>, by Zaria Gorvett, 7 February 2021, BBC website.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.livescience.com/57927-new-zealand-part-of-eighth-continent.html">Earth Has a Hidden 8th Continent</a>, by Tia Ghose published 17 February 2017, Live Science website.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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aria-labelledby="Continents_of_Earth" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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title="Special:EditPage/Template:Continents of Earth"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Continents_of_Earth" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Continent" title="Continent">Continents</a> of <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:5em;">   </td><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align:center;width:14%;"><div> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/75px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/113px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/150px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:14%;"><div> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Antarctica_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/75px-Antarctica_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Antarctica_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/113px-Antarctica_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Antarctica_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/150px-Antarctica_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="537" data-file-height="536" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:14%;"><div> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/75px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/113px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/150px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:14%;"><div> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Australia_(continent)" title="Australia (continent)"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Australia-New_Guinea_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/75px-Australia-New_Guinea_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Australia-New_Guinea_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/113px-Australia-New_Guinea_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Australia-New_Guinea_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/150px-Australia-New_Guinea_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Australia_(continent)" title="Australia (continent)">Australia</a> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:14%;"><div> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary.svg/75px-Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary.svg/113px-Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary.svg/150px-Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="537" data-file-height="536" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:14%;"><div> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Location_North_America.svg/75px-Location_North_America.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Location_North_America.svg/113px-Location_North_America.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Location_North_America.svg/150px-Location_North_America.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:14%;"><div> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/South_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/75px-South_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/South_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/113px-South_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/South_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/150px-South_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a> </p> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:5em;">   </td><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align:center;width:25%;"><div> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Afro-Eurasia" title="Afro-Eurasia"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Afro-Eurasia_%28orthographic_projection%29_political.svg/75px-Afro-Eurasia_%28orthographic_projection%29_political.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Afro-Eurasia_%28orthographic_projection%29_political.svg/113px-Afro-Eurasia_%28orthographic_projection%29_political.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Afro-Eurasia_%28orthographic_projection%29_political.svg/150px-Afro-Eurasia_%28orthographic_projection%29_political.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Afro-Eurasia" title="Afro-Eurasia">Afro-Eurasia</a> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:25%;"><div> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Americas_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/75px-Americas_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Americas_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/113px-Americas_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Americas_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/150px-Americas_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:25%;"><div> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Eurasia" title="Eurasia"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Eurasia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/75px-Eurasia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Eurasia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/113px-Eurasia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Eurasia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/150px-Eurasia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Eurasia" title="Eurasia">Eurasia</a> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:25%;"><div> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Oceania_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/75px-Oceania_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Oceania_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/113px-Oceania_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Oceania_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/150px-Oceania_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceania</a> </p> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:5em;">   </td><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;padding-left:1.0em;text-align:center; padding-right:1.0em;width:35%;"><div> <ul><li><span style="font-size:120%"><b>Prehistoric <a href="/wiki/Supercontinent" title="Supercontinent">supercontinents</a></b></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Columbia_(supercontinent)" title="Columbia (supercontinent)">Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondwana" title="Gondwana">Gondwana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenorland" title="Kenorland">Kenorland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurasia" title="Laurasia">Laurasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nena_(supercontinent)" title="Nena (supercontinent)">Nena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pangaea" title="Pangaea">Pangaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pannotia" title="Pannotia">Pannotia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodinia" title="Rodinia">Rodinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ur_(continent)" title="Ur (continent)">Ur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaalbara" title="Vaalbara">Vaalbara</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;padding-left:1.0em;text-align:center; padding-right:1.0em;width:65%;"><div> <ul><li><span style="font-size:120%"><b>Other prehistoric continents</b></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Amazonian_Craton" title="Amazonian Craton">Amazonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arctica" title="Arctica">Arctica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asiamerica" class="mw-redirect" title="Asiamerica">Asiamerica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantica" title="Atlantica">Atlantica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avalonia" title="Avalonia">Avalonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltica" title="Baltica">Baltica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilenia" title="Chilenia">Chilenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cimmeria_(continent)" title="Cimmeria (continent)">Cimmeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congo_Craton" title="Congo Craton">Congo Craton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuyania" title="Cuyania">Cuyania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Antarctic_Shield" title="East Antarctic Shield">East Antarctica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurasia#Euramerica/Laurussia" title="Laurasia">Euramerica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalahari_Craton" title="Kalahari Craton">Kalaharia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstania" title="Kazakhstania">Kazakhstania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laramidia" title="Laramidia">Laramidia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurentia" title="Laurentia">Laurentia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_China_Craton" title="North China Craton">North China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pampia" title="Pampia">Pampia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahul" title="Sahul">Sahul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberia_(continent)" title="Siberia (continent)">Siberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_China_Craton" title="South China Craton">South China</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid;;border-bottom:0;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:5em;">   </td><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;padding-left:1.0em;text-align:center;padding-right:1.0em;width:25%;"><div> <ul><li><span style="font-size:120%"><b><a href="/wiki/Submerged_continent" title="Submerged continent">Submerged continent</a>/<a href="/wiki/Continental_shelf" title="Continental shelf">lands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Continental_fragment" title="Continental fragment">microcontinents</a></b></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Beringia" title="Beringia">Beringia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathaysia" title="Cathaysia">Cathaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doggerland" title="Doggerland">Doggerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Australian_Bight" title="Great Australian Bight">Great Australian Bight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Mayen_Microcontinent" title="Jan Mayen Microcontinent">Jan Mayen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerguelen_Plateau" title="Kerguelen Plateau">Kerguelen Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritia_(microcontinent)" title="Mauritia (microcontinent)">Mauritia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahul_Shelf" title="Sahul Shelf">Sahul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychelles_Microcontinent" class="mw-redirect" title="Seychelles Microcontinent">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunda_Shelf" title="Sunda Shelf">Sunda</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Zealandia</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;padding-left:1.0em;text-align:center;padding-right:1.0em;width:20%;"><div> <ul><li><span style="font-size:120%"><b>Possible future supercontinents</b></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Amasia_(supercontinent)" title="Amasia (supercontinent)">Amasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurica_(supercontinent)" title="Aurica (supercontinent)">Aurica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novopangaea" title="Novopangaea">Novopangaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pangaea_Proxima" title="Pangaea Proxima">Pangaea Proxima</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;padding-left:1.0em;text-align:center;padding-right:1.0em;width:25%;"><div> <ul><li><span style="font-size:120%"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_mythological_places" title="List of mythological places">Mythical</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_lost_lands" title="List of lost lands">lost</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Phantom_island" title="Phantom island">hypothesised</a> continents</b></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Atlantis" title="Atlantis">Atlantis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperborea" title="Hyperborea">Hyperborea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumari_Kandam" title="Kumari Kandam">Kumari Kandam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemuria" title="Lemuria">Lemuria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meropis" title="Meropis">Meropis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mu_(mythical_lost_continent)" title="Mu (mythical lost continent)">Mu</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Terra_Australis" title="Terra Australis">Terra Australis</a></i></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;padding-left:1.0em;text-align:center;padding-right:1.0em;width:30%;"><div> <ul><li><span style="font-size:120%"><b><a href="/wiki/Continent#Subcontinents" title="Continent">Subcontinents</a></b></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula" title="Arabian Peninsula">Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_America" title="Central America">Central America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_plate" title="Somali plate">Eastern Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Far_East" title="Russian Far East">Eastern Siberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian Subcontinent</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist"><ul><li>See also: <b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/16px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/24px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/32px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="3002" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:World" title="Portal:World">World portal</a></b></li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Regions_of_the_world" title="Template:Regions of the world">Regions of the world</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Continental_fragment" title="Continental fragment">Continental fragment</a></li><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Continents" title="Category:Continents">Category</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chronology_of_continents" title="Chronology of continents">Chronology of continents</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Oceanic_features_of_Zealandia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Oceanic_features_of_Zealandia" title="Template:Oceanic features of Zealandia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Oceanic_features_of_Zealandia" title="Template talk:Oceanic features of Zealandia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Oceanic_features_of_Zealandia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Oceanic features of Zealandia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Oceanic_features_of_Zealandia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Oceanography" title="Oceanography">Oceanic features</a> of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Zealandia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major divisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Province_(Zealandia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Western Province (Zealandia) (page does not exist)">Western Province</a> (North Zealandia)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Province_(Zealandia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eastern Province (Zealandia) (page does not exist)">Eastern Province</a> (South Zealandia)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oceanic_plateau" title="Oceanic plateau">Plateaux</a>, ridges, and rises</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bellona_Plateau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bellona Plateau (page does not exist)">Bellona Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bounty_Platform&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bounty Platform (page does not exist)">Bounty Platform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campbell_Plateau" title="Campbell Plateau">Campbell Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Challenger_Plateau" title="Challenger Plateau">Challenger Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chatham_Rise" title="Chatham Rise">Chatham Rise</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chesterfield_Plateau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chesterfield Plateau (page does not exist)">Chesterfield Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colville-Lau_Ridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Colville-Lau Ridge (page does not exist)">Colville-Lau Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dampier_Ridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dampier Ridge (page does not exist)">Dampier Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fairway_Ridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fairway Ridge (page does not exist)">Fairway Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hikurangi_Plateau" title="Hikurangi Plateau">Hikurangi Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenn_Plateau" title="Kenn Plateau">Kenn Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Howe_Rise" title="Lord Howe Rise">Lord Howe Rise</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loyalty_Ridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Loyalty Ridge (page does not exist)">Loyalty Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mellish_Rise&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mellish Rise (page does not exist)">Mellish Rise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Ridge" title="Norfolk Ridge">Norfolk Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northland_Plateau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Northland Plateau (page does not exist)">Northland Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puysegur_Ridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Puysegur Ridge (page does not exist)">Puysegur Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Resolution_Ridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Resolution Ridge (page does not exist)">Resolution Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Kings_Ridge" title="Three Kings Ridge">Three Kings Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Norfolk_Ridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="West Norfolk Ridge (page does not exist)">West Norfolk Ridge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Trough_(geology)" title="Trough (geology)">Troughs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_trench" title="Oceanic trench">trenches</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bellona_Gap&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bellona Gap (page does not exist)">Bellona Gap</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bellona_Trough&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bellona Trough (page does not exist)">Bellona Trough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bounty_Trough" title="Bounty Trough">Bounty Trough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Havre_Trough" title="Havre Trough">Havre Trough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hikurangi_Trough" title="Hikurangi Trough">Hikurangi Trough</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Caledonia_Trough&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New Caledonia Trough (page does not exist)">New Caledonia Trough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puysegur_Trench" title="Puysegur Trench">Puysegur Trench</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oceanic_basin" title="Oceanic basin">Oceanic basins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bellona_Basin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bellona Basin (page does not exist)">Bellona Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Campbell_Basin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Campbell Basin (page does not exist)">Campbell Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canterbury_Basin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Canterbury Basin (page does not exist)">Canterbury Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capel_Basin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Capel Basin (page does not exist)">Capel Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cato_Basin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cato Basin (page does not exist)">Cato Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chatham_Slope&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chatham Slope (page does not exist)">Chatham Slope</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dampier_Basin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dampier Basin (page does not exist)">Dampier Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deepwater_Taranaki_Basin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deepwater Taranaki Basin (page does not exist)">Deepwater Taranaki Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=East_Coast_Basin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="East Coast Basin (page does not exist)">East Coast Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emerald_Basin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emerald Basin (page does not exist)">Emerald Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fairway_Basin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fairway Basin (page does not exist)">Fairway Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Faust_Basin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Faust Basin (page does not exist)">Faust Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gower_Basin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gower Basin (page does not exist)">Gower Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_South_Basin" title="Great South Basin">Great South Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Middleton_Seafloor_Basin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Middleton Seafloor Basin (page does not exist)">Middleton Seafloor Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monowai_Basin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monowai Basin (page does not exist)">Monowai Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moore_Basin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moore Basin (page does not exist)">Moore Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Caledonia_Basin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New Caledonia Basin (page does not exist)">New Caledonia Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Basin" title="Norfolk Basin">Norfolk Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northeast_Slope&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Northeast Slope (page does not exist)">Northeast Slope</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northland_Basin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Northland Basin (page does not exist)">Northland Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outer_Campbell_Basin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Outer Campbell Basin (page does not exist)">Outer Campbell Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pegasus_Basin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pegasus Basin (page does not exist)">Pegasus Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pukaki_Basin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pukaki Basin (page does not exist)">Pukaki Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_the_Raukumara_Region" title="Geology of the Raukumara Region">Raukumara Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reinga_Basin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reinga Basin (page does not exist)">Reinga Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Fiji_Basin" title="South Fiji Basin">South Fiji Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Loyalty_Basin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="South Loyalty Basin (page does not exist)">South Loyalty Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taranaki_Basin" title="Taranaki Basin">Taranaki Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanganui_Basin" title="Wanganui Basin">Wanganui Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Coast_Basin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="West Coast Basin (page does not exist)">West Coast Basin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Seamount" title="Seamount">Seamounts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banc_Capel" title="Banc Capel">Banc Capel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brothers_Seamount" title="Brothers Seamount">Brothers Seamount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Kermadec_Ridge_Seamounts" title="South Kermadec Ridge Seamounts">Clark Seamount</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flinder%27s_Seamount&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flinder's Seamount (page does not exist)">Flinder's Seamount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gifford_Guyot" title="Gifford Guyot">Gifford Guyot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graveyard_Seamounts" title="Graveyard Seamounts">Graveyard Seamounts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Havre_Seamount" title="Havre Seamount">Havre Seamount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Healy_Seamount" title="James Healy Seamount">James Healy Seamount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Howe_Seamount_Chain" title="Lord Howe Seamount Chain">Lord Howe Seamount Chain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monowai_(seamount)" title="Monowai (seamount)">Monowai Seamount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Kermadec_Ridge_Seamounts" title="South Kermadec Ridge Seamounts">Rumble III Seamount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Kermadec_Ridge_Seamounts" title="South Kermadec Ridge Seamounts">Rumble IV Seamount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Kermadec_Ridge_Seamounts" title="South Kermadec Ridge Seamounts">Rumble V Seamount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Kermadec_Ridge_Seamounts" title="South Kermadec Ridge Seamounts">South Kermadec Ridge Seamounts</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tangaroa_Seamount&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tangaroa Seamount (page does not exist)">Tangaroa Seamount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasmantid_Seamount_Chain" title="Tasmantid Seamount Chain">Tasmantid Seamount Chain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_Fault" title="Alpine Fault">Alpine Fault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hikurangi_Margin" title="Hikurangi Margin">Hikurangi Margin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kermadec_Plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Kermadec Plate">Kermadec Plate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maari_oil_field" title="Maari oil field">Maari oil field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macquarie_Fault_Zone" title="Macquarie Fault Zone">Macquarie Fault Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maui_gas_field" title="Maui gas field">Maui gas field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pohokura_field" title="Pohokura field">Pohokura field</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Submerged_continents_and_lost_lands" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Submerged_landmasses" title="Template:Submerged landmasses"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Submerged_landmasses" title="Template talk:Submerged landmasses"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Submerged_landmasses" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Submerged landmasses"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Submerged_continents_and_lost_lands" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Submerged_continent" title="Submerged continent">Submerged continents</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_lost_lands" title="List of lost lands">lost lands</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mauritia_(microcontinent)" title="Mauritia (microcontinent)">Mauritia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychelles_Microcontinent" class="mw-redirect" title="Seychelles Microcontinent">Seychelles Microcontinent</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Antarctica</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kerguelen_Plateau" title="Kerguelen Plateau">Kerguelen Plateau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sundaland" title="Sundaland">Sundaland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sunda_Shelf" title="Sunda Shelf">Sunda Shelf</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doggerland" title="Doggerland">Doggerland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Banks_of_Newfoundland" title="Grand Banks of Newfoundland">Grand Banks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dampier_Archipelago" title="Dampier Archipelago">Dampier Archipelago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahul_Shelf" title="Sahul Shelf">Sahul Shelf</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Zealandia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Boundaries_between_the_continents" title="Boundaries between the continents">Transcontinental</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beringia" title="Beringia">Beringia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br /> <span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Zealandia&params=40_S_170_E_scale:20000000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">40°S</span> <span class="longitude">170°E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">40°S 170°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-40; 170</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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